TY - JOUR TI - Seizing Control of the Situation: A Guide to Treating Seizures in Companion Animals AU - Nettifee Osborne, J.A. T2 - Veterinary Technician DA - 2000/3// PY - 2000/3// VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 134–139 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Seizing Control of the Situation: A Guide to Treating Seizures in Companion Animals AU - Nettifee Osborne, J.A. T2 - Veterinary Technician Magazine DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 21 SP - 134–139 M1 - 3 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Respiratory emergencies AU - Hawkins, E.C. T2 - Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment A2 - Bistner, S.I. A2 - Ford, R.B. A2 - Raffe, M.R. PY - 2000/// ET - 7th SP - 235–257 PB - WB Saunders Co ER - TY - CHAP TI - Pneumonia, aspiration AU - Hawkins, E.C. T2 - The 5 Minute Veterinary Consult A2 - Tilley, L.P. A2 - Smith, F.W.K., Jr PY - 2000/// ET - 2nd SP - 1090–1091 PB - Williams & Wilkins ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cutaneous nocardiosis in a cat AU - Rivierre, C. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - L’Action Vétérinaire DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// IS - 1522 SP - 13-17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systemic diseases with cutaneous involvement in the cat AU - Rivierre, C. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - L’Action Vétérinaire DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// IS - 1540 SP - 9-15 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Ocular manifestations of systemic disease AU - Gilger, B.C. T2 - Kirk's Veterinary Therapy XIII A2 - Bonagura, J. PY - 2000/// PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ER - TY - CHAP TI - Canine conjunctivitis AU - Gilger, B.C. T2 - Kirk's Veterinary Therapy XIII A2 - Bonagura, J. PY - 2000/// PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ER - TY - CHAP TI - Update: Infectious Endocarditis AU - DeFrancesco, T.C. T2 - Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy XIII A2 - Bonagura, J.D. A2 - Kirk, R.W. PY - 2000/// SP - 768–771 PB - WB Saunders ER - TY - CHAP TI - Cardiac Emergencies, Hypertension, Electrocution, and Exam of the Cardiovascular System AU - DeFrancesco, T.C. T2 - Kirk and Bistner's handbook of veterinary procedures and emergency treatment A2 - Bistner, S. A2 - Ford, R.B. A2 - Raffe, M.R. A2 - Kirk, R.W. PY - 2000/// ET - 7th SP - 54–74, 282–313 PB - WB Saunders ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tumoral calcinosis of the thoracic spine: a case report AU - De Risio, L AU - Olby, NJ T2 - Veterinary Neurology and Neurosurgery DA - 2000/5// PY - 2000/5// UR - https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?id=3857015&pid=11157 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bartonella spp Antibodies and DNA in Aqueous Humour of Cats AU - Lappin, M R AU - Kordick, D L AU - Breitschwerdt, E B T2 - Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery AB - Bartonella spp antibodies were measured in the serum and aqueous humour of cats with and without uveitis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Bartonella spp DNA was performed on aqueous humour from most of the cats. Serum and aqueous humour were assayed from 49 client-owned cats with uveitis, 49 healthy shelter cats, and nine cats experimentally inoculated with either B henselae or B clarridgeiae, 454 days after inoculation. An aqueous antibody coefficient (C value) was calculated for cats positive for Bartonella spp antibodies in the aqueous humour. Ocular production of Bartonella spp IgG (C value >1) was detected in seven of 49 cats with uveitis, none of 49 healthy shelter cats, and four of nine experimentally inoculated cats. The organism was detected by PCR in the aqueous humour of three of 24 cats with uveitis, one of 49 healthy shelter cats, and four of nine experimentally inoculated cats. Bartonella spp infect the eyes of some cats following natural exposure or experimental inoculation and may cause uveitis in some cats. DA - 2000/3// PY - 2000/3// DO - 10.1053/jfms.2000.0067 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 61-68 J2 - Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery LA - en OP - SN - 1098-612X 1532-2750 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jfms.2000.0067 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - AMBULATORY ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY AU - DeFrancesco, Teresa C. T2 - Small Animal Cardiology Secrets PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1016/b978-1-56053-352-8.50024-9 SP - 115-118 OP - PB - Elsevier SN - 9781560533528 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-56053-352-8.50024-9 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ventricular septal defect in a blue duiker (Cephalophus monticola) AU - Suedmeyer, Wm.K. AU - Hitchcock, L.S. AU - Bonagura, J.D. AU - Kreeger, J. AU - Smith, T. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine AB - A 9-mo-old female blue duiker (Cephalophus monticola) weighing 3.9 kg was diagnosed with a cardiac murmur during quarantine examination. Evaluation of the heart by auscultation, electrocardiography, two-dimensional echocardiography, and Doppler color-flow echocardiography revealed a restrictive outlet ventricular septal defect with left atrial and left ventricular dilation. Trivial mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation was also noted. Though the duiker was clinically asymptomatic at the time of cardiac evaluation, it was found dead 1 wk later. The cause of death was not determined. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1638/1042-7260(2000)031[0408:VSDIAB]2.0.CO;2 VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 408-411 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034278581&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AU - Bonagura, John D. T2 - Small Animal Cardiology Secrets DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1016/b978-1-56053-352-8.50022-5 SP - 97-105 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feline Echocardiography AU - Bonagura, J.D. T2 - Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1053/jfms.2000.0089 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 147-151 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034280351&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of single- and multiple-dose 0.5% timolol maleate on intraocular pressure and pupil size in female horses AU - Van Der Woerdt, A AU - Wilkie, DA AU - Gilger, BC AU - Strauch, SM AU - Orczeck, SM T2 - Veterinary Ophthalmology AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of single and multiple-dose 0.5% timolol maleate on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil size between 8 AM and 8 PM. Animals Nine female horses with normotensive eyes. Procedure IOP, horizontal and vertical pupil size were measured on a single day, between 8 AM and 8 PM at hours 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. A single dose of 0.5% timolol maleate was applied to both eyes immediately after the first measurement at 8 AM. IOP and pupil size were measured at 8 AM and 4 PM in a 5-day experiment of twice-daily application of 0.5% timolol maleate. RESULTS: A significant decrease in IOP from 24.9 +/- 4.2 mmHg prior to application of timolol maleate to 20.7 +/- 3.1 mmHg (4.2 mmHg = 17%) was observed 8 h after single-dose application. A significant decrease in horizontal pupil size (2.0 mm = 11%) was present 6 h after single-dose application. In the multiple-dose experiment, a significant decrease in IOP was present on days 4 and 5 as compared to IOP measured prior to application of timolol maleate. A significant decrease in horizontal and vertical pupil size was present throughout the 5-day study as compared to the values obtained prior to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: 0.5% timolol maleate significantly decreased IOP and pupil size in normo-tensive eyes of this group of female horses in both single and multiple twice daily applications. DA - 2000/6// PY - 2000/6// DO - 10.1046/j.1463-5224.2000.00126.x VL - 3 IS - 2-3 SP - 165-168 SN - 1463-5216 1463-5224 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-5224.2000.00126.x ER - TY - JOUR TI - Orbital fibroma in a horse AU - Colitz, C.M. AU - Gilger, B.C. AU - Davidson, C.P. AU - Ross, M.G. T2 - Veterinary Ophthalmology AB - An 11-year-old American Quarterhorse gelding presented for moderate periorbital swelling and exophthalmia of the left eye. The menace response, and direct and consensual pupillary light reflexes were absent in the left eye. Conjunctival hyperemia, blepharedema, a mydriatic pupil, resistance to retropulsion, and an increased intraocular pressure were present. A soft-tissue mass could be palpated in the left retrobulbar space by pressing onto the orbit over the supraorbital fossa. Incomplete surgical resection of the mass was performed and histopathologic evaluation was consistent with a fibroma. Normal pupillary light reflexes and vision returned following surgery. The mass has not recurred 14 months after surgery. DA - 2000/6// PY - 2000/6// DO - 10.1046/j.1463-5224.2000.00131.x VL - 3 IS - 2-3 SP - 213-216 SN - 1463-5216 1463-5224 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-5224.2000.00131.x ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vaccine-associated anaphylactic-like reaction in a horse AU - Zimmel, D.N. AU - Blikslager, A.T. AU - Jones, S.L. AU - McFarlane, D. AU - Young, K. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 81-84 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0348245852&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Pilot study: Intravenous use of indocyanine green as an enhancer for 808-nm diode laser application in the equine C2 - 2000/// C3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering DA - 2000/// VL - 3907 SP - 454-460 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033723469&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - History, instrumentation, and techniques of flexible endoscopic laser surgery in horses. T2 - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 251-268 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2342587507&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rudimentary Hemidesmosome Formation in Congenital Generalized Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa in the Sprague-Dawley Rat AU - Brenneman, K.A. AU - Olivry, T. AU - Dorman, D.C. T2 - Veterinary Pathology DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 336-339 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034223576&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parvovirus infection of keratinocytes as a cause of canine erythema multiforme AU - Favrot, C. AU - Olivry, T. AU - Dunston, S.M. AU - Degorce-Rubiales, F. AU - Guy, J.S. T2 - Veterinary Pathology DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 37 IS - 6 SP - 647-649 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034328106&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Have you seen this?' Spontaneous cutaneous vesicular disease in Yucatan minipigs AU - Mirsky, M.L. AU - Singleton, W. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Toxicologic Pathology DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1177/019262330002800216 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 357-358 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034022951&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - BOOK TI - Immunology A3 - Turner, A. Simon A3 - Lunn, D. Paul A3 - Horohov, David W. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 16 SP - 231 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular cloning, sequencing, and expression of equine interleukin-6 AU - Swiderski, C.E AU - Sobol, G AU - Lunn, D.P AU - Horohov, D.W T2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AB - Equine interleukin-6 (IL-6) cDNA was amplified from mitogen-stimulated equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using consensus sequence primers. The 727 bp amplified cDNA contains the entire coding region for equine IL-6 and includes 118 bases in the 3′ non-translated region. The coding sequence translates to a protein of 208 amino acids with a predicted 28 amino acid leader sequence. The mature protein of 180 amino acids has a predicted molecular mass of 20 471 Da without post-translational modifications. The amino acid sequence of equine IL-6 displays between 46 and 84% similarity to other mammalian IL-6 sequences. Expression of equine IL-6 in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells yielded a supernatant that supported the proliferation of B9 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of B9 cells with an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody ablated the response to the recombinant equine IL-6. DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// DO - 10.1016/s0165-2427(00)00241-5 VL - 77 IS - 3-4 SP - 213-220 J2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology LA - en OP - SN - 0165-2427 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(00)00241-5 DB - Crossref KW - Equine interleukin-6 (IL-6) cloning expression ER - TY - JOUR TI - Immunodiagnostic Testing in Horses AU - Young, Karen M. AU - Lunn, D. Paul T2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice AB - Technologic advances in immunodiagnostic testing have enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of a broad array of diseases, including infectious diseases, immunodeficiency disorders, and immune-mediated disorders. If applied rationally, with an understanding of the questions the tests answer as well as the limitations that constrain their use, these tests can serve as valuable aids in the diagnosis and management of equine diseases. DA - 2000/4// PY - 2000/4// DO - 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30120-7 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 79-103 J2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice LA - en OP - SN - 0749-0739 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30120-7 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Equine Vaccination AU - Lunn, D. Paul AU - Townsend, Hugh G.G. T2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice AB - Equine infectious disease remains a constant and important threat to the health of domesticated horses. Vaccination plays a critical role in protecting against such disease, but at the present time the efficacy of some equine vaccination strategies is in doubt. The best strategy for resolving these concerns is an improved knowledge of the immunologic basis of successful vaccination, combined with the appropriate integration of effective vaccines into well-designed disease control policies. DA - 2000/4// PY - 2000/4// DO - 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30127-x VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 199-226 J2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice LA - en OP - SN - 0749-0739 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30127-x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Placental expression of the nonclassical MHC class I molecule Mamu-AG at implantation in the rhesus monkey AU - Slukvin, I. I. AU - Lunn, D. P. AU - Watkins, D. I. AU - Golos, T. G. T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences AB - During human implantation trophoblasts mediate attachment of the embryo to the uterine epithelium and invade and reorganize vessels of the maternal endometrium to initiate blood flow to the intervillous space. Expression of the nonclassical MHC class I molecule HLA-G by invading trophoblasts may play a central role in their protection from recognition by the maternal immune system; however, the ontogeny of trophoblast HLA-G expression during the earliest stages of implantation is difficult to evaluate in human pregnancy. We previously identified a novel nonclassical MHC class I molecule, Mamu-AG, which is expressed in the rhesus monkey placenta and shares many unique characteristics of HLA-G. Immunocytochemical analysis with a Mamu-AG-specific mAb and locus-specific in situ hybridization of rhesus implantation sites 7-12 days after embryo attachment (days 14-19 of pregnancy) demonstrated that Mamu-AG molecules are expressed predominantly in cytotrophoblasts invading the maternal vessels and endometrium, whereas syncytiotrophoblasts covering trophoblastic lacunae or newly formed chorionic villi remained largely Mamu-AG-negative. By day 36 of pregnancy, Mamu-AG glycoprotein also was expressed in villous syncytiotrophoblasts, and accumulation of Mamu-AG glycoprotein was noted at the border between maternal decidua and fetal trophoblasts. The ontogeny of a nonclassical MHC class I molecule at the implantation site supports the hypothesis that its expression is important for the establishment of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. DA - 2000/8/1/ PY - 2000/8/1/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.97.16.9104 VL - 97 IS - 16 SP - 9104-9109 J2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences LA - en OP - SN - 0027-8424 1091-6490 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.16.9104 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of dexamethasone on development of immunoglobulin G subclass responses following vaccination of horses AU - Slack, JoAnn AU - Risdahl, Jack M. AU - Valberg, Stephanie J. AU - Murphy, Michael J. AU - Schram, Brian R. AU - Lunn, D. Paul T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research AB - To determine the effects of dexamethasone on development of IgG subclass responses following vaccination of healthy horses.11 mature Thoroughbreds.Horses received 2 IM injections at 2-week intervals of a vaccine containing inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea, and parainfluenza-3 viral antigens and were then randomly assigned to 2 groups. Six horses received dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg of body weight, IM) twice weekly for 8 weeks starting the day of the first vaccination. Five control horses received an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Antigen-specific serum IgG subclass titers were determined weekly after vaccination by use of an ELISA.Vaccination resulted in similar antigen-specific serum IgG(T) titers in dexamethasone-treated and control horses. In contrast, although control horses developed IgGa and IgGb responses after vaccination, corticosteroid administration completely inhibited these responses in treated horses.Cortico steroids can have profound effects on primary immune responses in horses and can significantly affect IgG responses to inactivated vaccines. Corticosteroid treatment regimens commonly used to treat diseases in horses may result induction of a nonprotective IgG subclass response, leaving treated horses susceptible to disease. Additionally, mechanisms regulating IgGa and IgGb responses appear to differ from those regulating IgG(T) responses. Further defining these mechanisms is a critical step in designing effective vaccines, and corticosteroid-induced immunomodulation may be a valuable tool for studying immune responses in horses. DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.1530 VL - 61 IS - 12 SP - 1530-1533 J2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research LA - en OP - SN - 0002-9645 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.1530 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Equine Vaccination AU - Horohov, D.W. AU - Lunn, D.P. AU - Townsend, H.G.G. AU - Wilson, D. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 14, Issue 2 p. 221-222 Open Access Equine Vaccination* D.W. Horohov, D.W. Horohov Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitol-ogy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LASearch for more papers by this authorD.P. Lunn, Corresponding Author D.P. Lunn Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706; e-mail: lunnp@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu.Search for more papers by this authorH.G.G. Townsend, H.G.G. Townsend Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorD. Wilson, D. Wilson Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, CASearch for more papers by this author D.W. Horohov, D.W. Horohov Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitol-ogy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LASearch for more papers by this authorD.P. Lunn, Corresponding Author D.P. Lunn Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706; e-mail: lunnp@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu.Search for more papers by this authorH.G.G. Townsend, H.G.G. Townsend Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorD. Wilson, D. Wilson Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, CASearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02242.xCitations: 5 * This position paper has been approved by the Board of Regents of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. This paper has not been peer reviewed. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume14, Issue2March 2000Pages 221-222 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 2000/3// PY - 2000/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02242.x VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 221-222 LA - en OP - SN - 0891-6640 1939-1676 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02242.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ocular and periocular manifestations of leishmaniasis in dogs: 105 cases (1993-1998) AU - Pena, M.T. AU - Roura, X. AU - Davidson, M.G. T2 - Veterinary Ophthalmology AB - The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence, type, and prognosis of ocular lesions associated with leishmaniasis in dogs. One hundred and five dogs (24.4% of all cases of leishmaniasis diagnosed during the study period) had ocular or periocular leishmaniasis, and 16 dogs (15.2% of ocular cases) had only ocular lesions and systemic signs were not apparent. Anterior uveitis was the most common manifestation and other prevalent findings included blepharitis and keratoconjunctivitis. Several distinct variations of eyelid lesions were seen including a dry dermatitis with alopecia, diffuse blepharedema, cutaneous ulceration, and discrete nodular granuloma formation. In some cases with keratoconjunctivitis, corneal lesions clinically resembled nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis. Twenty-seven of the 34 cases with ocular lesions had improvement in signs following systemic antiprotozoal and topical anti-inflammatory therapy, although many cases with anterior uveitis required long-term topical therapy. Response of ocular signs correlated highly with overall, systemic response to therapy. Ophthalmic manifestations of systemic leishmaniasis are common in the dog, and this disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of most adnexal and anterior segment ocular inflammatory lesions in dogs in endemic areas. DA - 2000/3// PY - 2000/3// DO - 10.1046/j.1463-5224.2000.00106.x VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 35-41 J2 - Vet Ophthalmol LA - en OP - SN - 1463-5216 1463-5224 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-5224.2000.00106.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative in vitro percutaneous absorption of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE-4 and NPE-9) through human, porcine and rat skin AU - Monteiro-Riviere, NA AU - Van Miller, JP AU - Simon, G AU - Joiner, RL AU - Brooks, JD AU - Riviere, JE T2 - Toxicology and Industrial Health AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the percutaneous absorption of nonylphenol (NP) and the nonylphenol ethoxylates, NPE-4 and NPE-9, in human, porcine and rat skin. In vitro studies with the NPEs were conducted for 8 h in flowthrough diffusion cells using topical solutions of 0.1, 1.0 and 10% in PEG-400 or 1% in water (NPE-9 only). NP absorption was assessed as a 1% solution in PEG-400. All compounds were 14C ring-labeled and radioactivity in perfusate was monitored over time. Skin deposition was measured at the termination of the experiment. Absorption into perfusate and total penetration (compound absorbed plus compound sequestered in skin) were calculated. Absorption of NPE-4, NPE-9 and NP was similar across all species at less than 1% of the applied dose over 8 h. Penetration was generally below 5% of applied dose, the majority located in the stratum corneum. In all species and for both NPEs, the fraction of dose absorbed was highest for the lowest applied dose. Absorptions expressed as actual mass absorbed over 8 h were similar (approximately 0.3 microg/cm2) across all concentrations. Penetration, but not absorption, was greater from a water vehicle compared to a PEG-400 vehicle, particularly in rat skin. These studies suggest that NP, NPE-4 and NPE-9 were minimally absorbed across skin from all three species. Fractional absorption was concentration-dependent, making the actual absorbed flux constant across all doses. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1177/074823370001600201 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 49-57 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000086751400001&KeyUID=WOS:000086751400001 KW - ethoxylated nonylphenol KW - nonylphenol ethoxylates KW - skin absorption ER - TY - BOOK TI - Pavilion Key: Isle of Buried Treasure AU - Lewbart, G. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - Krieger Publishing, Malabar,FL ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spinal cord compression due to synovial cysts in a Great Dane,Rückenmarskompression durch Synoviazysten bei einer Deutschen Dogge AU - Flegel, T. AU - Kagan, K. AU - Muñana, K. T2 - Kleintierpraxis DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 45 IS - 10 SP - 787-792 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0346385033&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum in 17 dogs AU - Lascelles, B.D. AU - Parry, A.T. AU - Stidworthy, M.F. AU - Dobson, J.M. AU - White, R.A. T2 - Vet Rec AB - Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum was diagnosed in 17 dogs over a period of 11 years. Ulceration, bleeding and sneezing were the most common clinical signs. One dog had cytological evidence of metastasis to the local lymph node. The dogs were treated by surgical resection, fractionated megavoltage irradiation, or a combination of the two. Surgical resection gave the most favourable results; four of six dogs were cured but a recurrence of the tumour was predicted in the other two on the basis of incomplete or marginal resection. Radiotherapy alone was not as effective; one of four dogs was cured, and the tumour recurred in the others within 24 weeks (median eight weeks). Combined surgical resection and radiotherapy did not produce a cure in any of the seven remaining dogs, and the tumour recurred within 12 weeks (median nine weeks). Three dogs had cytological evidence of lymph node metastasis when the tumour recurred. The dogs' prognosis was adversely affected by the interval between their initial examination and treatment, but there was no apparent association between the histological grade of the tumour and the clinical outcome. DA - 2000/10/21/ PY - 2000/10/21/ DO - 10.1136/vr.147.17.473 VL - 147 IS - 17 SP - 473-6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Practical peri-operative analgesia - the present and the future AU - Lascelles, B.D.X. T2 - Walthum Focus DA - 2000/1// PY - 2000/1// ER - TY - CHAP TI - Management of post-operative and other acute pain AU - Lascelles, B.D.X. T2 - Pain Management in Animals A2 - Flecknell, P. A2 - Waterman-Pearson, A.E. PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1016/b978-0-7020-1767-4.50008-4 SP - 80-146 PB - WB Saunders ER - TY - CHAP TI - Pain recognition and pain assessment AU - Lascelles, B.D.X. T2 - Pain management in animals A2 - Flecknell, P. A2 - Waterman-Pearson, A.E. PY - 2000/// SP - 53–80 PB - WB Saunders ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of omental pedicle grafts in the management of non-healing axillary wounds in 10 cats. AU - Lascelles, BDX AU - Davison, L AU - Dunning, M AU - Bray, JP AU - White, RAS AU - others T2 - European Journal of Companion Animal Practice DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 29-35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preemptive analgesia: An aid to postoperative pain control AU - Lascelles, B Duncan X T2 - The Journal of Pain DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 93-95 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Pain assessment AU - Dobromylskyj, P AU - Flecknell, PA AU - Lascelles, BD AU - Livingston, A AU - Taylor, P AU - Waterman-Pearson, A T2 - Pain management in animals PY - 2000/// SP - 53-79 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP TI - Management of postoperative and other acute pain AU - Dobromylskyj, P AU - Flecknell, PA AU - Lascelles, BD AU - Pascoe, PJ AU - Taylor, P AU - Waterman-Pearson, A T2 - Pain management in animals PY - 2000/// SP - 81-145 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP TI - Diagnostic approach to hepatobiliary disease AU - Hess, P. R. AU - Bunch, S. E. T2 - Kirk's current meterinary therapy XIII, small animal practice PY - 2000/// VL - 13 SP - 659-664 PB - Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surgery in fish AU - Harms, Craig AU - Lewbart, Gregory T2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice AB - Surgery in fish is feasible and practical for clinical and research applications. Certain adjustments in standard surgical procedures are necessary to accommodate piscine tissue handling, skin sensitivity, aqueous respiration, anatomic variations, and patient size. General considerations for fish surgery, including anesthesia, presurgical evaluation, equipment, suture selection, and surgical site preparation, have been presented here. Procedures described include celiotomy, enucleation, pseudobranchectomy, swim bladder surgery, gonadectomy, liver and kidney biopsy techniques, telemetry device implantation, and vascular catheterization. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1016/s1094-9194(17)30074-9 VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 759–774 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Residual oil fly ash induces cytotoxicity and mucin secretion by guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells via an oxidant-mediated mechanism AU - Jiang, NF AU - Dreher, KL AU - Dye, JA AU - Li, YH AU - Richards, JH AU - Martin, LD AU - Adler, KB T2 - TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY AB - Inhalation of ambient air particulate matter (PM) is associated with pulmonary injury and inflammation. Using primary cultures of guinea pig tracheal epithelial (GPTE) cells as an in vitro model of airway epithelium, we examined effects of exposure to suspensions of six different emission and ambient air PM samples: residual oil fly ash (ROFA) from an electrical power plant; fly ash from a domestic oil burning furnace (DOFA); ambient air dust from St. Louis (STL), Ottawa (OT), and Washington, DC (WDC); and volcanic ash from the eruption of Mount Saint Helens (MSH) in 1980. Effects of these particulates on cell viability (assessed via LDH assay), secretion of mucin (measured by a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA), and steady-state mRNA levels of the mucin gene MUC2 were determined. ROFA was the most toxic of the dusts tested, as it significantly increased LDH release following a 24-h incubation with 50 microg/cm(2) ROFA. ROFA also enhanced MUC2 mRNA after 4-h exposure, and mucin secretion after 8 h. ROFA-induced mucin secretion and cytotoxicity were attenuated by the oxidant scavenger, dimethylthiourea (DMTU). ROFA exposure also depleted cells of glutathione (GSH). Relatedly, depletion of intracellular GSH by treatment of the cells with buthionine sulfoxamine (BSO) also provoked mucin secretion, as well as enhancing the secretory effect of ROFA when the two agents were added together. L-NMA, the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, did not affect ROFA-induced mucin secretion. Of the soluble transition metals in ROFA (nickel, iron, vanadium), only vanadium individually, or combinations of the metals containing vanadium, provoked secretion. The results suggest ROFA enhances mucin secretion and generates toxicity in vitro to airway epithelium via a mechanism(s) involving generation of oxidant stress, perhaps related to depletion of cellular antioxidant capacity. Deleterious effects of inhalation of ROFA in the respiratory tract in vivo may relate to these cellular responses. Vanadium, a component of ROFA, may be important in generating these reactions. DA - 2000/3/15/ PY - 2000/3/15/ DO - 10.1006/taap.1999.8886 VL - 163 IS - 3 SP - 221-230 SN - 0041-008X KW - mucin KW - cytotoxicity KW - residual oil fly ash KW - oxidant ER - TY - CHAP TI - Molecular biology of infectious disease AU - Sharp, N. J. H. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 246 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Indications for nephrectomy and nephrotomy AU - Stone, E. A. AU - Gookin, J. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 866 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Differentiation of acute from chronic renal failure AU - Vaden, S. L. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 856 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Diagnosis and management of ureteral obstruction AU - Stone, E. A. AU - Kyles, A. E. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 868 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Developmental orthopedic disease of dogs AU - Richardson, D. C. AU - Zicker, S. C. T2 - Textbook of veterinary internal medicine : diseases of the dog and cat (5th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 245 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721672566 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Bartonella vinsonii infection in dogs AU - Pappalardo, B. L. AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 300 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - CHAP TI - CVT update: Antibiotic treatment of aquarium fish AU - Lewbart, G. A. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 1196 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Bartonella infections in domestic cats AU - Kordick, D. L. AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 302 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Why are infectious diseases emerging? AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. AU - Dow, S. W. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 244 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Vaccines and vaccinations: Issues for the 21st Century AU - Ford, R. B. AU - Schultz, R. D. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 250 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vaccination of companion animals, questions and controvery / La vaccination des animaux de compagnie, questions et controverses AU - Ford, R. B. T2 - Medecin Veterinaire du Quebec DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urinary incontinence on dogs and cats. II. Diagnosis and treatment. A review / L'incontinenza urinaria nel cane e nel gatto. Parte II -- diagnosi e trattamento AU - Gookin, J. L. AU - Stone, E. A. AU - Sharp, N. J. T2 - Veterinaria DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 43 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urinary incontinence on dogs and cats. I. Measurement of urethral pressure. A review / L'incontinenza urinaria nel cane e nel gatto. Parte I -- profilometria della pressione uretrale AU - Gookin, J. L. AU - Stone, E. A. AU - Sharp, N. J. T2 - Veterinaria DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 33 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Therapeutic management of sepsis AU - Hardie, E. M. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 272 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in repair of ischaemic-injured jejunal mucosa in the horse. AU - Campbell, N.B. AU - Blikslager, A.T. T2 - Equine veterinary journal. Supplement AB - Cyclooxygenase inhibitors are administered to horses to prevent endotoxin-induced elaboration of prostaglandins. However, PGE2 and PGI2 stimulate repair of injured intestine. There are 2 isoforms of cyclooxygenase: COX-1, which constitutively produces prostaglandins and COX-2, which is induced by inflammation. We hypothesised that the nonspecific cyclooxygenase inhibitor flunixin meglumine would retard repair of ischaemic intestinal injury by preventing production of reparative prostaglandins, whereas the selective COX-2 inhibitor, etodolac, would permit repair as a result of continued COX-1 prostaglandin production. Segments of equine jejunum were subjected to ischaemia for 1 h, and recovered for 4 h in Ussing chambers. In ischaemic tissue, treated with the nonspecific cyclooxygenase inhibitor, flunixin meglumine (2.7 x 10(-5) mol/l), production of PGE2 and PGI2 was inhibited, and there was no evidence of recovery based on measurements of transepithelial resistance. Conversely, untreated ischaemic tissues or tissues treated with the specific COX-2 inhibitor etodolac (2.7 x 10(-5) mol/l) had significant elevations in PGE2 and PGI2, and significant recovery of transepithelial resistance. These studies suggest that specific COX-2 inhibitors may provide an advantageous alternative to nonspecific cyclooxygenase inhibitors in horses with colic. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2000.tb05335.x IS - 32 SP - 59-64 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034207798&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - The rickettsioses AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. T2 - Textbook of veterinary internal medicine : diseases of the dog and cat (5th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 400 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721672566 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Recognition of pain behaviour in animals AU - Hardie, E. M. T2 - Animal pain : a practice-oriented approach to an effectve pain control in animals PY - 2000/// SP - 51 PB - Utrecht, Netherlands : W. van der Wees SN - 9058050300 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Pulmonary parenchymal diseases AU - Hawkins, E. C. T2 - Textbook of veterinary internal medicine : diseases of the dog and cat (5th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 1061 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721672566 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Pain: Management AU - Hardie, E. M. T2 - Textbook of veterinary internal medicine : diseases of the dog and cat (5th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 23 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721672566 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Orbital fibroma in a horse AU - Davidson, M. G. T2 - Veterinary Ophthalmology DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 213 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Medical and surgical management of pleural effusion AU - Hawkins, E. C. AU - Fossum, T. W. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 819 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long-term effect on the equine eye of an intravitreal device used for sustained release of cyclosporine A AU - Gilger, Brian AU - Malok, E. AU - Stewart, T. AU - Ashton, P. AU - Smith, T. AU - Jaffe, G. J. AU - Allen, J. B. T2 - Veterinary Ophthalmology AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term toxicity of an intravitreal device releasing continuous cyclosporinee A (CsA) in normal eyes of horses by evaluating clinical signs, electroretinography, and histopathology. Animals Studied Ten adult horses with normal ophthalmic examinations were used in this study Procedure(s) Four horses had one eye implanted with a CsA device, and six horses had the right eye implanted with a CsA-containing device (10 eyes with CsA in total) and the left eye (six eyes in total) with the device without drug (control). The implants were placed in the vitreous of the eyes through a sclerotomy 1 cm posterior to the limbus in the dorso-temporal quadrant of the eye. Scotopic electroretinograms were performed prior to implantation and at 1 week, and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postimplantation. Two of the unilaterally implanted horses were euthanized at 1 weeks postimplantation, and two at 6 weeks postimplantation. Two of the bilaterally implanted horses were euthanized at 6 months, two at 9 months, and two at 12 months postimplantation. At euthanasia, the eyes were removed, aqueous and vitreous humor aspirated, and tissues fixed in 10% buffered formalin and processed for histopathology. CsA concentrations were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography in the aqueous and vitreous humors, and in peripheral blood. RESULTS: The devices were tolerated well in 14 of 16 eyes. There was minimal postoperative inflammation in most eyes, with a normal appearance within 7 days. In two eyes implanted with the CsA device, severe inflammation resulted in phthisis bulbi by 28 days. One of these eyes exhibited suspected bacterial endophthalmitis, and one had a sterile endophthalmitis and cataract presumably from trauma to the lens during implantation. In the other 14 eyes, no change was observed in the scotopic electroretinograms (ERG) from preoperative results, and no significant differences between the right (CsA) and left (control device) eyes were observed. CsA levels in the aqueous and vitreous humor, and peripheral blood were below the detection limit of the HPLC. Histologic findings revealed only a mild lymphoplasmacytic cellular infiltrate in the ciliary body and pars plana near the implantation site. CONCLUSIONS: The CsA devices were well tolerated with no long-term complications from the implants themselves. However, complications may occur from inadvertent implantation trauma or contamination during surgery. The long-term safety of the device may make it useful for delivery of CsA in the control of equine recurrent uveitis. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1046/j.1463-5224.2000.00117.x VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 105 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Epidural analgesia AU - Hansen, B. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 126-130 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clinical management of lipemic patients / La gestione clinica dei pazienti lipemici AU - Ford, R. B. T2 - Veterinaria DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 55 ER - TY - CHAP TI - CVT update: Infectious endocarditis AU - DeFrancesco, T. C. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 768 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - CHAP TI - CVT update: Diagnosis and prevention of heartworm disease in cats AU - Atkins, C. E. AU - Ryan, W. G. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 782 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Bacterial pneumonia AU - Ford, R. B. T2 - Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 812 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721655238 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Acute hepatic disorders and systemic disorders that involve the liver AU - Bunch, S. E. T2 - Textbook of veterinary internal medicine : diseases of the dog and cat (5th Ed.) PY - 2000/// SP - 1326 PB - Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders SN - 0721672566 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of the pig as a model to assess cutaneous toxicity and inflammation of jet fuels AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. AU - Allen, D. A. AU - Riviere, J. E. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 23 IS - Suppl. 1 CD SP - F12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dorzolamide AU - Davidson, M. G. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 340-342 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis AU - De Risio, L AU - Thomas, WB AU - Sharp, NJH T2 - VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE AB - This article reviews the management of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis occurs when soft tissue and bony changes, possibly in conjunction with abnormal motion of the lumbosacral joint, impinge on the nerve roots or vasculature of the cauda equina. It occurs most frequently in middle-aged dogs of medium to large breed, especially the German Shepherd dog. Common signs are lumbosacral pain, lameness, pelvic limb weakness and ataxia, and urinary incontinence. Diagnosis is based on clinical features and imaging studies. Decompressive surgery is effective in most patients. DA - 2000/1// PY - 2000/1// DO - 10.1016/S0195-5616(00)50005-9 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 111-+ SN - 1878-1306 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of a multiple-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in captive elephants AU - Larsen, R. S. AU - Salman, M. D. AU - Mikota, S. K. AU - Isaza, R. AU - Montali, R. J. AU - Triantis, J. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine AB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis has become an important agent of disease in the captive elephant population of the United States, although current detection methods appear to be inadequate for effective disease management. This investigation sought to validate a multiple-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for screening of M. tuberculosis infection in captive elephants and to document the elephant's serologic response over time using a cross-sectional observational study design. Serum samples were collected from 51 Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and 26 African elephants (Loxodonta africana) from 16 zoos and circuses throughout the United States. Infection status of each animal was determined by mycobacterial culture of trunk washes. Reactivity of each serum sample against six antigens was determined, and the linear combination of antigens that accurately predicted the infection status of the greatest number of animals was determined by discriminant analysis. The resulting classification functions were used to calculate the percentage of animals that were correctly classified (i.e., specificity and sensitivity). Of the 77 elephants sampled, 47 fit the criteria for inclusion in discriminant analysis. Of these, seven Asian elephants were considered infected; 25 Asian elephants and 15 African elephants were considered noninfected. The remaining elephants had been exposed to one or more infected animals. The specificity and sensitivity of the multiple-antigen ELISA were both 100% (91.9-100% and 54.4-100%, respectively) with 95% confidence intervals. Mycobacterium bovis culture filtrate showed the highest individual antigen specificity (95%; 83.0-100%) and sensitivity (100%; 54.4-100%). Serum samples from 34 elephants were analyzed over time by the response to the culture filtrate antigen; four of these elephants were culture positive and had been used to calculate the discriminant function. Limitations such as sample size, compromised ability to ascertain each animal's true infection status, and absence of known-infected African elephants suggest that much additional research needs to be conducted regarding the use of this ELISA. However, the results indicate that this multiple-antigen ELISA would be a valuable screening test for detecting M. tuberculosis infection in elephant herds. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1638/1042-7260(2000)031[0291:eoamae]2.0.co;2 VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 291-302 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unusual presentation of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a Paint colt AU - Little, D. AU - Redding, W.R. AU - Spaulding, K.A. AU - Dupree, S.H. AU - Jones, S.L. T2 - Equine Veterinary Education AB - Equine Veterinary EducationVolume 12, Issue 6 p. 297-302 Unusual presentation of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a Paint colt D. Little, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorW. R. Redding, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorK. A. Spaulding, Anatomy, Physiology and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorS. H. Dupree, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorS. L. Jones, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this author D. Little, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorW. R. Redding, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorK. A. Spaulding, Anatomy, Physiology and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorS. H. Dupree, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this authorS. L. Jones, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.Search for more papers by this author First published: 05 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.2000.tb00064.xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume12, Issue6December 2000Pages 297-302 RelatedInformation DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2000.tb00064.x VL - 2 IS - 6 SP - 388–394 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in transgenic line TgN3261Rpw AU - Colitz, CMH AU - Malarkey, DE AU - Woychik, RP AU - Wilkinson, JE T2 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY AB - Persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous are congenital ocular anomalies that can lead to cataract formation. A line of insertional mutant mice, TgN3261Rpw, generated at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in a large-scale insertional mutagenesis program was found to have a low incidence (8/243; 3.29%) of multiple developmental ocular abnormalities. The ocular abnormalities include persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis, failure of cleavage of the anterior segment, retrolental fibrovascular membrane, posterior polar cataract, and detached retina. This transgenic mouse line provides an ontogenetic model because of the high degree of similarity of this entity in humans, dogs, and mice. DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1354/vp.37-5-422 VL - 37 IS - 5 SP - 422-427 SN - 0300-9858 KW - embryology KW - eye KW - mice KW - persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous KW - persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Anti-plakin and desmoglein autoantibodies in a dog with pemphigus vulgaris AU - Olivry, T AU - Alhaidari, Z AU - Ghohestani, RF T2 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY AB - Paraneoplastic pemphigus was suspected in a 14-year-old Labrador retriever because of mucocutaneous erosions, microscopic suprabasal acantholysis, and keratinocyte apoptosis. In this patient, circulating IgG autoantibodies recognized plakin (envoplakin, periplakin) and desmoglein (desmoglein-1 and -3) antigens. Necropsy, however, failed to confirm the concurrent existence of hematopoietic or solid neoplasia. The diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris therefore was proposed. This study illustrates that such a combination of clinicopathologic lesions and plakin/desmoglein-specific autoantibodies is not restricted to canine paraneoplastic pemphigus but can also be detected in another form of suprabasal pemphigus. DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1354/vp.37-5-496 VL - 37 IS - 5 SP - 496-499 SN - 0300-9858 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034278018&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - dogs KW - lung KW - microcystic hamartoma ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ultrasonographic evaluation of tarsocrural joint cartilage in normal adult horses AU - Tomlinson, JE AU - Redding, WR AU - Sage, A T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Ultrasonographic examination of the tarsus was performed on four clinically and radiographically normal limbs of adult horses. Particular attention was paid to the articular cartilage surfaces of the trochlear ridges of the talus and the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia. Two separate measurements of articular cartilage thickness were acquired from a longitudinal view at each site. Anatomy was confirmed with post mortem dissection. Ultrasonography was found to be a practical method for imaging the articular cartilage over the trochlear ridges of the talus and distal intermediate ridge of the tibia. The cartilage appeared as a hypoechoic band overlying the hyperechoic subchondral bone. The mean cartilage thickness over the lateral and medial trochlear ridges of the talus and the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia were 0.57 mm, 0.58 mm and 0.7 mm respectively. These measurements may have value for comparison to thickened cartilage and lesions of osteochondrosis and abnormally thinned cartilage of osteoarthritis. Ultrasound examination was not helpful in evaluating the proximal and distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints, the close proximity of the articular surfaces obscured visualization of the articular cartilage. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01871.x VL - 41 IS - 5 SP - 457-460 SN - 1058-8183 KW - ultrasonography KW - horse KW - tarsocrural joint KW - articular cartilage ER - TY - JOUR TI - The computed tomographic appearance of acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniations in dogs. AU - Olby, Natasha J. AU - Muntana, Karen R. AU - Sharp, Nicholas J.H. AU - Thrall, Donald E. T2 - Veterinary Radiology Ultrasound AB - The appearance of herniated intervertebral disc material in the thoracolumbar vertebral canal was evaluated in 23 dogs using computed tomography (CT). The images were then compared with the myelographic and surgical findings. The normal spinal cord, outlined by epidural fat over intervertebral disc spaces, was of intermediate attenuation on transverse CT images. Herniated disc material was identified in all animals as a heterogeneous hyperattenuating extradural mass. The attenuation of the disc material increased with the degree of mineralization. In seven dogs, the herniated material was only slightly more attenuating than the spinal cord. In these dogs, small fragments of mineralized disc material and significant hemorrhage were found in the epidural space at surgery. In dogs with a long standing history of disc herniations, disc material identified in the vertebral canal had a more hyperattenuating and homogeneous appearance than recently herniated disc material. We conclude that mineralized, herniated disc material and hemorrhage can be identified quickly and safely in dogs using CT. DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01860.x VL - 41 IS - 5 SP - 396-402 SN - 1058-8183 1740-8261 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01860.x KW - intervertebral disc herniation KW - computed tomography KW - myelography KW - epidural hemorrhage KW - dog ER - TY - JOUR TI - Primary irradiation of canine intracranial masses AU - Spugnini, EP AU - Thrall, DE AU - Price, GS AU - Sharp, NJ AU - Munana, K AU - Page, RL T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Twenty‐nine dogs received primary radiation therapy for intracranial lesions and clinical signs suggestive of neoplasia. Presumptive diagnosis and tumor categorization was based on computed toniographic or magnetic resonance images. Meningioma was the most likely tumor type in 22 dogs and glioma or choroid plexus tumors were tentatively identified in 4 and 3 dogs, respectively. Cobalt‐60 radiation was delivered in 3 Gy fractions on a daily, Monday‐through‐Friday basis for a total dose of 48 Gy (16 fractions) in 28 dogs; one dog received 54 Gy. Two of 29 dogs died during treatment of signs suggestive of progressive tumor growth but were included in the overall evaluation of response to treatment. Median overall survival was 250 days (range 21–804). Mild acute radiation effects on normal tissue developed and did not influence outcome in any dog. Late radiation effects could not be evaluated in this study. No significant predictive indicators were identified from the clinical or imaging data. Radiation therapy is superior to medical treatment of brain tumors in dogs with steroids, is useful for tumors that are not currently operable and may be preferable to surgical resection in dogs if the mass appears infiltrative. However, 22/29 (76%) dogs died of recurrent progressive neuropathy suggestive of tumor regrowth or progression. Thus, alternative methods for delivery of radiation to dogs with brain tumors or novel combinations of therapy should continue to undergo evaluation. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb02091.x VL - 41 IS - 4 SP - 377-380 SN - 1740-8261 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034220024&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - dog KW - brain tumor KW - radiation therapy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of early biomarkers of inflammation produced by keratinocytes exposed to jet fuels Jet A, JP-8, and JP-8(100) AU - Allen, DG AU - Riviere, JE AU - Monteiro-Riviere, NA T2 - JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY AB - The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers of inflammation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) exposed to three jet fuel mixtures, Jet A, JP8, and JP8(100). NHEK were treated over 24 hours with 0.1% jet fuels, and mRNA production and protein release of two proinflammatory cytokines, IL-8 and TNF-alpha, were determined. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), NHEK were found to release both TNF-alpha and IL-8 in response to exposure to all three jet fuels. IL-8 release was noted within 8 hours and continued to rise through 24 hours compared to controls. Maximal levels of TNF-alpha release were seen at 4 hours and decreased in a time-dependent manner, although these levels remained above control levels at all time points assayed. mRNA for IL-8 was elevated 4 hours following exposure to the fuels, which was detected via a quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). mRNA for TNF-alpha was detected at all time points assayed but was not quantified. These results demonstrate that jet fuels induce the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines in NHEK and thus create the potential for chronic inflammation, which may contribute to the development or progression of disease states in the skin. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1002/1099-0461(2000)14:5<231::AID-JBT1>3.0.CO;2-K VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 231-237 SN - 1099-0461 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000088822300001&KeyUID=WOS:000088822300001 KW - epidermal keratinocyte KW - cytokine KW - jet fuel KW - biomarkers KW - inflammation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Helicobacter hepaticus does not induce or potentiate colitis in interleukin-10-deficient mice AU - Dieleman, LA AU - Arends, A AU - Tonkonogy, SL AU - Goerres, MS AU - Craft, DW AU - Grenther, W AU - Sellon, RK AU - Balish, E AU - Sartor, RB T2 - INFECTION AND IMMUNITY AB - ABSTRACT Helicobacter hepaticus has been reported to induce colitis, hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in several different murine models. The aim of this study was to determine if H. hepaticus will cause colitis in monoassociated mice lacking the interleukin-10 gene (IL-10 −/− mice) and potentiate colitis in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) IL-10 −/− mice. Germfree IL-10 −/− mice on either a mixed (C57BL/6 × 129/Ola) or inbred (129/SvEv) genetic background were monoassociated with H. hepaticus ATCC 51448 by oral feeding and rectal enemas. In a second experiment, germfree IL-10 −/− mice were colonized with stool from SPF mice that harbored or did not harbor endogenous H. hepaticus . After 7 to 9 weeks of colonization, weight loss and mortality were assessed, the colon was isolated for histology and IL-12 secretion, and mesenteric lymph node cells were assessed for T-cell activation markers. It was found that IL-10 −/− mice monoassociated with H. hepaticus for up to 16 weeks showed almost no histologic colitis or increased IL-12 production. SPF IL-10-knockout mice had no significant difference in weight loss, mortality rate, histologic scores, colonic IL-12 secretion, or T-cell activation with or without H. hepaticus . We conclude that H. hepaticus does not induce or potentiate disease in our IL-10 −/− mice and therefore is not required to induce colitis in genetically susceptible hosts. DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1128/IAI.68.9.5107-5113.2000 VL - 68 IS - 9 SP - 5107-5113 SN - 1098-5522 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coyotes (Canis latrans) as the reservoir for a human pathogenic Bartonella sp.: Molecular epidemiology of Bartonella vinsonii subsp berkhoffii infection in coyotes from central coastal California AU - Chang, C. C. AU - Kasten, R. W. AU - Chomel, B. B. AU - Simpson, D. C. AU - Hew, C. M. AU - Kordick, D. L. AU - Heller, R. AU - Piemont, Y. AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. T2 - Journal of Clinical Microbiology DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 38 IS - 11 SP - 4193-4200 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of a coronavirus isolated from a diarrheic foal AU - Guy, J. S. AU - Breslin, J. J. AU - Breuhaus, B. AU - Vivrette, S. AU - Smith, L. G. T2 - Journal of Clinical Microbiology DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 38 IS - 12 SP - 4523-4526 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Amoxicillin pharmacokinetics in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) following single dose intravenous administration: implications for interspecific dose sealing AU - Gulland, FM AU - Stoskopf, MK AU - Johnson, SP AU - Riviere, J AU - Papich, MG T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS AB - The pharmacokinetics of sodium amoxicillin after a single intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg were determined in ten harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and ten northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). The seals ranged in age from 1 to 6 months and the mean weights were 11.7 kg (range, 9.5-18.5 kg) for harbor seals and 47.1 kg (range, 39.5-61.4 kg) for elephant seals. The median half-life of amoxicillin (quartiles) in harbor seals, 1.5 (1.0-3.1) h. was not statistically different from that of elephant seals, 2.0 (1.4-3.8) h, nor were the differences between the terminal elimination rate constants between the two species. The only statistically significant differences between species were for area-under-the-curve (AUC), and total systemic clearance. The lack of statistical significance for differences in the volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) may have been due to minor differences in the time frame of data collection and dose administered between the two groups. A true physiologic difference in drug handling, possibly related to renal perfusion or tubal secretory efficiency could affect amoxicillin kinetics in these species, and longer administration intervals may be appropriate for elephant seals as compared to harbor seals when administering multiple dose amoxicillin therapy at 20 mg/kg. DA - 2000/8// PY - 2000/8// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2000.00263.x VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 223-228 SN - 0140-7783 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Administration of ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid intravenously and intrauterinely to clinically normal oestrous mares AU - Van Camp, SD AU - Papich, MG AU - Whitacre, MD T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS AB - Ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (potassium clavulanate) were administered to normal oestrous mares intravenously (i.v.) at a dose of 50 and 1.67 mg/kg for ticarcillin and clavulanate, respectively. In a crossover design, the same drugs were administered intrauterine (i.u.) at a dose of 12.4 and 0.4 mg/kg for ticarcillin and clavulanate, respectively. The i.u. dose was administered in 100 mL of saline solution. Endometrial tissue biopsies and plasma samples were collected after drug administration for the determination of ticarcillin and clavulanate concentrations by high-pressure liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic calculations. After i.u. administration both drugs were poorly absorbed into the plasma. The ticarcillin half-life from tissue and plasma was short after i.v. administration. Although concentrations in tissue were higher after i.u. administration than i.v., concentrations of ticarcillin declined rapidly, which would necessitate frequent treatment in order to maintain drug concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) throughout the treatment period. Clavulanate concentrations in tissue were either low or persisted for only a short time after administration via either route. It appears that addition of clavulanate to the formulation for treatment of i.u. infections in mares is of questionable value based on these concentrations. DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2000.00297.x VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 373-378 SN - 1365-2885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spinal cord compression due to synovial cysts in a Great Dane AU - Flegel, T. AU - Kagan, K. AU - Munana, K. T2 - Kleintier-Praxis DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 45 IS - 10 SP - 787-792 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Role of neutrophils in intestinal mucosal injury AU - Gayle, JM AU - Blikslager, AT AU - Jones, SL T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION DA - 2000/8/15/ PY - 2000/8/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.2000.217.498 VL - 217 IS - 4 SP - 498-500 SN - 0003-1488 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/10953711 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Etiologies, observations and reporting of estuarine finfish lesions AU - Kane, AS AU - Dykstra, MJ AU - Noga, EJ AU - Reimschuessel, R AU - Baya, A AU - Driscoll, C AU - Paerl, HW AU - Landsberg, J T2 - MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AB - Lesions in estuarine finfish are associated with a variety of organisms including parasites and bacterial, viral, and fungal infectious agents. In addition, trauma, suboptimal water quality, and other abiotic stress factors may result in the loss of homeostasis. We have observed solitary ulcerative lesions on menhaden sampled from the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, the Pamlico River, North Carolina, and the St. Johns River, Florida. Histologically, the lesions demonstrated a marked chronic inflammatory infiltrate and granulomas in response to fungal hyphae throughout large areas of exposed necrotic muscle. Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria were also observed in the lesions, a common finding in ulcers of aquatic organisms. Similar observations in menhaden and other species have been described previously in the literature as ulcerative mycosis, mycotic granulomatosis, red spot disease, and epizootic ulcerative syndrome. Despite the many different known causes of fish lesions, the popular press and the scientific literature have recently emphasized Pfiesteria piscicida and other Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates (and their bioactive compounds) as the primary causative agent for finfish lesions, particularly mycotic granulomatous ulcers in Atlantic menhaden. While some laboratory data suggest that Pfiesteria may play a role in field-observed lesions, much more cause-and-effect evidence is needed to determine the importance of other risk factors, both alone or and in combination with Pfiesteria. In order to better understand the etiology of lesion initiation and progression in estuarine finfish, accurate assessments of environmental conditions collected on appropriate temporal and spatial scales, and fish morphological indicators consistent with gross and histological pathologic terminology, should be used for reporting fish lesion observations and kills. Further, this outlook will help to avoid bias and may foster a broader perspective for examining the health of estuarine systems in general. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1016/S0141-1136(00)00117-3 VL - 50 IS - 1-5 SP - 473-477 SN - 0141-1136 KW - fish pathology KW - ulcers KW - lesions KW - Pfiesteria KW - HABs ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of T-lymphocyte proliferation in canine epitheliotropic lymphosarcoma and benign lymphocytic dermatoses AU - Murphy, K.M. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Veterinary Dermatology AB - The lesions of patch/plaque cutaneous T-cell lymphosarcoma (CTCL) are similar to many benign inflammatory dermatoses, both histopathologically and clinically. In humans, attempts to develop a simple, reliable immunophenotypic technique to differentiate between the malignant and benign dermatoses have been unsuccessful. The purpose of our study was to determine, using a proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/CD3 double immunolabelling technique of paraffin-embedded sections, if the rate of T-cell proliferation in canine CTCL was greater than that of other diseases with non-neoplastic lymphocyte epitheliotropism. We selected cases of patch/plaque (PP) and tumour stage CTCL, erythema multiforme (EM) and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). We did not find a significant difference in the rate of T-cell proliferation in the epithelia nor the superficial dermis between PP-CTCL and EM. Whereas epithelial T-cell proliferation is significantly higher in PP-CTCL than CLE, it is not diagnostically useful because of overlap in the labelling indices. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-3164.2000.00190.x VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 99-105 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034384517&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Autoantibodies against the processed ectodomain of collagen XVII (BPAG2, BP180) define a canine homologue of linear IgA disease of humans AU - Olivry, T AU - Dunston, SM AU - Fahey, M AU - Nguyen, N AU - Marinkovich, MP T2 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY AB - Linear IgA disease (LAD) is an acquired autoimmune subepidermal blistering dermatosis that affects human children and adults. In contrast to bullous pemphigoid, in which autoantibodies recognize transmembrane type XVII collagen (BP180, BPAG2), LAD is associated with skin-fixed and circulating IgA autoantibodies that target LAD-1, the processed extracellular form of type XVII collagen. An immunologic homologue of LAD in humans was identified in two dogs according to the following criteria: 1) erosive, ulcerative, and crusted lesions seen on the face, in the oral cavity, and on the extremities, 2) dermoepidermal clefting present in the basement membrane lamina lucida without inflammation or with mild neutrophilic infiltration, 3) basement membrane-fixed IgG and/or IgA antibodies, and 4) circulating IgA and IgG autoantibodies that target the 120-kd soluble protein LAD-1. The present study establishes unequivocally the existence of a naturally occurring canine model of LAD of humans. DA - 2000/7// PY - 2000/7// DO - 10.1354/vp.37-4-302 VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 302-309 SN - 0300-9858 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034222124&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - autoimmunity KW - BP180 KW - BPAG2 KW - collagen XVII KW - dogs KW - epidermal basement membrane KW - LAD-1 KW - linear IgA bullous disease KW - skin ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of bilateral temporary nephrostomy catheters for emergency treatment of bilateral ureter transection in a cat AU - Nwadike, BS AU - Wilson, LP AU - Stone, EA T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - A 2-year-old Himalayan cat was examined because of 4 days of vomiting, lethargy; and anorexia. The cat had undergone hysterectomy and removal of left ovarian remnants 5 days earlier. Results of laboratory testing and excretory urography were consistent with uremia and bilateral ureteral obstruction. Nephrostomy catheters were placed to drain urine and allow time for physiologic diuresis prior to definitive repair. During the next 2 days, the cat's physiologic status improved greatly. The cat underwent exploratory surgery, and both ureters were found to be ligated. The healthy proximal portions of the ureters were implanted into the bladder. Six months after surgery, the cat was doing well, and excretory urography demonstrated that both ureters were patent. Bilateral obstruction of the ureters is a life-threatening condition that can be difficult to correct in cats. Placement of nephrostomy catheters allows time for improvement in the cat's physiologic status prior to the protracted anesthesia time needed for surgical repair of the ureters. DA - 2000/12/15/ PY - 2000/12/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.2000.217.1862 VL - 217 IS - 12 SP - 1862-+ SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - There are at least three genetically distinct small piroplasms from dogs AU - Kjemtrup, AM AU - Kocan, AA AU - Whitworth, L AU - Meinkoth, J AU - Birkenheuer, AJ AU - Cummings, J AU - Boudreaux, MK AU - Stockham, SL AU - Irizarry-Rovira, A AU - Conrad, PA T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY AB - The 18S nuclear subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene of small piroplasms isolated from dogs from Okinawa (Japan), Oklahoma, North Carolina, Indiana, Missouri, and Alabama, was isolated and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences and comparisons with sequences from other Babesia, Cytauxzoon, and Theileria species revealed that all canine small babesial isolates, with the exception of isolates from California and Spain, were placed in a group containing the Babesia spp. sensu stricto. Within the Babesia spp. sensu stricto, there was support for separating the small canine piroplasms from the large canine piroplasm, Babesia canis. The isolate from California was in a distinct phylogenetic clade, closely related to babesial isolates from wildlife and humans from the Western US. The canine isolate from Spain was closely related to Babesia microti. These results suggest that there are multiple small piroplasm species in dogs. The isolates from the Midwestern and Eastern US and the one from Japan probably represent a single species with wide geographic distribution. DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// DO - 10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00120-X VL - 30 IS - 14 SP - 1501-1505 SN - 0020-7519 KW - Babesia gibsoni KW - Babesia canis KW - 18S rRNA phylogeny KW - piroplasms KW - anaemia KW - protozoa KW - tick-transmitted KW - tick vector ER - TY - JOUR TI - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GW395058, a peptide agonist of the thrombopoietin receptor, in the dog, a large-animal model of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia AU - Case, BC AU - Hauck, ML AU - Yeager, RL AU - Simkins, AH AU - Serres, M AU - Schmith, VD AU - Dillberger, JE AU - Page, RL T2 - STEM CELLS AB - GW395058, a PEGylated peptide agonist of the thrombopoietin receptor, stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis and has previously been shown to increase platelet counts in vivo. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GW395058 were characterized using a randomized, crossover study in a large-animal model (dog) of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1634/stemcells.18-5-360 VL - 18 IS - 5 SP - 360-365 SN - 1066-5099 KW - thrombocytopenia KW - thrombopoietin KW - mimetic peptide KW - GW395058 KW - canine KW - pharmacokinetics KW - pharmacodynamics ER - TY - JOUR TI - The kinetics of oxytetracycline degradation in deionized water under varying temperature, pH, light, substrate, and organic matter AU - Doi, AM AU - Stoskopf, MK T2 - JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH AB - The kinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) degradation in deionized water was studied under the influence of various environmental factors. The experiment was conducted with a solution of 10 μg aqueous OTC /mL in 600-mL glass beakers under controlled laboratory conditions. The aqueous concentration of OTC was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Low temperatures (4°C) favored high drug stability, and high temperatures (43°C) speeded OTC degradation, resulting in a very short half-life of 0.26 ± 0.11 d. Light exposure caused photodecomposition, reflecting degradation rates threefold higher than those under dark conditions. Acidic conditions (pH 3.0) favored drug stability (half-life = 46.36 ± 4.92 d), and alkaline conditions (pH 10.0) increased the degradation rate (half-life = 9.08 ± 4.22 d). The presence of a substrate (bentonite clay) resulted in an approximate 17% decrease in OTC concentration within 5 min of contact. Addition of organic matter (fish feed) along with the substrate resulted in a 41% decrease in OTC concentrations within 5 min of contact. DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1577/1548-8667(2000)012<0246:TKOODI>2.0.CO;2 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 246-253 SN - 0899-7659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The computed tomographic enhancement pattern of the normal canine pituitary gland AU - Love, NE AU - Fisher, P AU - Hudson, L T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Dynamic computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary gland was performed on four healthy male dogs of similar size, weight and age. The pituitary gland region was first identified on lateral scout and transverse non-contrast images. After localization, water soluble iodinated contrast medium was administered intravenously as a bolus at a dose of 1 ml/lb using a pressure injector at an injection rate of 10 ml/sec and a total of 40 post contrast images of the pitutary gland were acquired. No images were made after 400 seconds. The same pituitary region was imaged in each slice. The slice thickness was 1.5 mm, with a two second scan time and an eight second delay between images (resulting in images every ten seconds). The contrast medium injection and initial image were acquired simultaneously, resulting in a non-contrast enhanced initial image. At the completion of the CT scan, a region of interest (ROI) was drawn around the pituitary gland and time density data were obtained. The mean pituitary Hounsfield number was plotted as a function of time. A bi-exponential least squares model was used to derive the best fitting line through the data. The mean relative peak increase in pituitary Hounsfield Units (HU) was 65.9% +/- 2.1%. After the initial increase there was a decrease in pituitary Hounsfield number with a half-time of 16.1 seconds, followed by a slower phase with a half-time of 16.5 minutes. The mean pituitary gland HU value during the period of gradual opacity decline was 35.0% +/- 4.4% above that of the pre-contrast image. Establishing the enhancement pattern in the canine pituitary gland is the precursor to the clinical application of dynamic CT of the pituitary gland to diagnose pituitary microadenomas and/or small macroadenomas before they become exceptionally large. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01878.x VL - 41 IS - 6 SP - 507-510 SN - 1058-8183 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Results of irradiation of infiltrative lipoma in 13 dogs AU - McEntee, MC AU - Page, RL AU - Mauldin, GN AU - Thrall, DE T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Thirteen dogs with infiltrative lipomas were treated with cobalt 60 radiation. Four of the thirteen dogs also received either whole body (n = 2) or combination local/whole body (n = 2) hyperthermia in conjunction with radiation therapy. Cytoreductive surgery was performed prior to radiation in 10 dogs, although only 3 dogs had microscopic disease at the time of radiation therapy. Dogs received a total dose of 45.6 Gy-63 Gy in 2.5-4 Gy/fraction on either a Monday/Wednesday/Friday schedule or on a daily Monday through Friday schedule. Twelve of the 13 dogs had computed tomography (CT) images acquired prior to irradiation. Survival time was determined from the time of completion of radiation therapy. Survival ranged from 6 months to 94 months, with a median (95% confidence interval) of 40 (18.5-77) months and a mean of 46.4 months. Only one dog was euthanized due to persistent signs related to the infiltrative lipoma at 6 months after the end of radiation therapy. There was no apparent difference in response based on whether or not the dogs received hyperthermia in conjunction with irradiation, although the numbers were too small to make any significant conclusions. It appears that dogs with infiltrative lipomas can benefit from external beam irradiation alone or in combination with surgery to effect long-term local tumor control. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01889.x VL - 41 IS - 6 SP - 554-556 SN - 1058-8183 KW - infiltrating or infiltrative lipoma KW - radiation therapy KW - canine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modulation of P-glycoprotein-mediated doxorubicin resistance in canine cell lines AU - Page, R. L. AU - Hughes, C. S. AU - Huyan, S. AU - Sagris, J. AU - Trogdon, M. T2 - Anticancer Research DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 20 IS - 5B SP - 3533-3538 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of an intravitreal cyclosporine implant on experimental uveitis in horses AU - Gilger, BC AU - Malok, E AU - Stewart, T AU - Horohov, D AU - Ashton, P AU - Smith, T AU - Jaffe, GJ AU - Allen, JB T2 - VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an intravitreal device releasing cyclosporine A (CsA) on recurrent inflammatory episodes in experimental uveitis. Nine normal horses were immunized peripherally with H37RA-mTB antigen twice, and then received 25 microg of H37RA-mTB antigen intravitreally in the right eye and an equal volume of balanced salt solution intravitreally in the left eye. Two weeks later, the animals randomly received either a CsA or a polymer implant (without CsA) in both eyes 1 week following implantation of the devices, 25 microg of H37RA-mTB antigen was reinjected into the right eye of each animal. Clinical signs of ophthalmic inflammation were graded following injections and implantation. The animals from each group were euthanized at 3, 14, and 28 days following the second injection. Aqueous and vitreous humor protein concentrations were measured. The presence, number, and type (CD4, 5 and 8) of infiltrating inflammatory cells and amount of tissue destruction were determined. Total RNA was isolated and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed for equine specific interleukin (IL) 2 and 4, interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) and beta-actin. In addition, aqueous and vitreous humor and peripheral blood were collected at the termination of the experiments and analyzed for CsA concentration by HPLC. Within 4h of the first intravitreal H37RA-mTB antigen injection, each animal developed epiphora, blepharospasm, mild corneal edema, aqueous flare, myosis, and vitreous opacity. The severity of signs peaked 48 to 72 h after injection and subsequently decreased back to normal within 14 days. Following the second injection, clinical signs in the eyes with the CsA device were less severe and significantly shorter in duration than signs with the polymer only implant eyes. Aqueous and vitreous humor protein levels, infiltrating cell numbers, total number of T-lymphocytes, and levels of IL-2 and IFN gamma-mRNA were significantly less in eyes with the CsA implant compared to eyes with the polymer only. CsA implants did not completely eliminate the development of a second ('recurrent') experimental inflammatory episode in these horses. However, the duration and severity of inflammation, cellular infiltration, tissue destruction, and pro-inflammatory cytokines RNA transcript levels were significantly less in those eyes implanted with the CsA device. DA - 2000/10/31/ PY - 2000/10/31/ DO - 10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00219-1 VL - 76 IS - 3-4 SP - 239-255 SN - 0165-2427 KW - uveitis KW - cyclosporine KW - intravitreal KW - equine KW - experimental ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cholesterol granulomas in three meerkats (Suricata suricatta) AU - Sladky, KK AU - Dalldorf, FG AU - Steinberg, H AU - Wright, JF AU - Loomis, MR T2 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY AB - Cholesterol granulomas are uncommon pathologic lesions in animals, although they are important intracranial tumors in humans. This report describes cholesterol granulomas associated with multiple organ systems of three captive meerkats. In the most severe case, meerkat No. 1, the pathologic behavior of the cholesterol granuloma was unique in that it appeared to locally invade the cerebrum and calvarium, possibly contributing to neurological deficits observed antemortem. A review of other meerkat necropsies revealed incidental, asymptomatic cholesterol granulomas in organs of two other individuals, meerkat Nos. 2 and 3. Histologically, all lesions were composed of cholesterol clefts admixed with large, foamy macrophages containing hemosiderin, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and foci of mineralization. Hypercholesterolemia was documented in two of the three meerkats. DA - 2000/11// PY - 2000/11// DO - 10.1354/vp.37-6-684 VL - 37 IS - 6 SP - 684-686 SN - 0300-9858 KW - cerebral KW - cholesterol KW - granuloma KW - meerkat KW - zoo ER - TY - JOUR TI - Anti-isthmus autoimmunity in a novel feline acquired alopecia resembling pseudopelade of humans AU - Olivry, T AU - Power, HT AU - Woo, JC AU - Moore, PF AU - Tobin, DJ T2 - VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY AB - Pseudopelade is a primary scarring (cicatricial) alopecia of humans characterized by lymphocyte‐rich inflammation centred around the hair follicle isthmus. Lymphocyte folliculotropism is associated with isthmus apoptosis and, ultimately, follicular destruction and dermal fibrosis. In a cat, an acquired alopecia was diagnosed as pseudopelade based on the following criteria: (i) an adult‐onset, patchy to diffuse nonpruritic hair loss; (ii) an early folliculo‐destructive phase in which lymphocytes and dendritic cells accumulated in and around the follicular isthmus; and (iii) a late stage in which the lower segments of hair follicles underwent atrophy and were replaced by fibrosing tracts. Additionally, immunological investigations characterized the cytotoxic phenotype of isthmotropic lymphocytes and demonstrated the presence of circulating IgG autoantibodies specific for multiple follicular antigens. Altogether, the results of the present study suggest an immune‐mediated pathogenesis for this case of feline pseudopelade, similarly to that causing alopecia areata in humans and other mammalian species. DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-3164.2000.00198.x VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 261-270 SN - 0959-4493 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034358289&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - alopecia areata KW - antifollicular autoantibodies KW - autoimmunity KW - cat KW - cicatricial alopecia KW - pseudopelade ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of a two-step Percoll (R) gradient for separation of loggerhead sea turtle peripheral blood mononuclear cells AU - Harms, CA AU - Keller, JM AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, S T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES AB - In order to determine a suitable procedure for isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), blood was collected using three different anticoagulants (sodium heparin, sodium citrate or potassium EDTA) and separated using a single step commercially-prepared arabinogalactan gradient of 1.077 g/ml density or multiple step Percoll gradients between 1.053 and 1.076 g/ml density (40-60% stock isotonic Percoll suspension). Heparinized blood centrifuged over a two-step 45/55% (1.059/1.070 g/ml) Percoll gradient yielded 99 to 100% mononuclear cells at the 45/55% interface. Mononuclear cell viability ranged from 85 to 97% with cell yields up to 9.2 x 10(6) cells/mL. An unexpected finding was a population of low density granulocytes migrating to 40% (1.053 g/ml) and 45% Percoll layers in the multiple step gradients. These granulocytes could be eliminated from the PBMC preparation by use of the two-step 45/55% Percoll gradient. Isolated PBMCs can be used for cellular immunology and toxicology studies on these threatened marine organisms for which other tissues can usually be obtained only sporadically from post-mortem specimens. DA - 2000/7// PY - 2000/7// DO - 10.7589/0090-3558-36.3.535 VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 535-540 SN - 1943-3700 KW - Caretta caretta KW - density gradient centrifugation KW - loggerhead turtle KW - peripheral blood mononuclear cells ER - TY - JOUR TI - Searching the web AU - Ford, R. B. T2 - Veterinary Technician DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// IS - 2000 Winter SP - 24-25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for transforming growth factor-beta applied to a field study of fish health in Chesapeake Bay tributaries AU - Harms, CA AU - Ottinger, CA AU - Blazer, VS AU - Densmore, CL AU - Pieper, LH AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, S T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES DA - 2000/5// PY - 2000/5// DO - 10.2307/3454386 VL - 108 IS - 5 SP - 447-452 SN - 1552-9924 KW - Chesapeake Bay KW - field study KW - macrophage bactericidal activity KW - Morone americana KW - quantitative PCR KW - transforming growth factor-beta KW - white perch ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preliminary investigation of doxycycline plasma concentrations in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) after administration by injection or in water or feed AU - Powers, L. V. AU - Flammer, K. AU - Papich, M. T2 - Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 23-30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pathology of shell disease in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, (Decapoda : Portunidae) AU - Noga, EJ AU - Smolowitz, R AU - Khoo, LH T2 - JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES AB - Blue crabs affected with shell disease displayed a wide array of pathologies in response to this very common affliction. Grossly, shell disease lesions most commonly presented as variably sized brown to black foci. Such lesions ranged from very small (1 mm2) to locally extensive (up to 200 mm2 in area). The larger of the melanized lesions sometimes appeared ulcerated. The most severe lesions observed (Pamlico River shell disease‐PRSD) resulted in loss of up to 25% of the entire carapace. A diverse bacterial flora consisting of aeromonads, vibrios and five other genera were isolated as the predominant organisms from shell disease lesions. Fungi were rarely observed in larger lesions. Protozoa and algae were also rarely observed on the surface of some lesions. Histologically, lesions ranged from mild erosion of the epicuticle and outermost layers of the calcified endocuticle to more extensive endocuticle erosion with accompanying inflammation. In the most severe cases, there was total loss of the endocuticle and epidermis, with pseudomembrane formation, intense haemocyte infiltration, and involvement of adjacent viscera. There was no apparent relationship between the size of gross lesions and their histological severity (as defined by the extent of tissue damage), suggesting that gross examination of shell disease lesions is not a reliable method for assessing the damage to affected blue crabs. DA - 2000/11// PY - 2000/11// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2000.00249.x VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 389-399 SN - 0140-7775 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organochlorines, organophosphates, and pyrethroids in channel catfish, rainbow trout, and red swamp crayfish from aquaculture facilities AU - Santerre, CR AU - Ingram, R AU - Lewis, GW AU - Davis, JT AU - Lane, LG AU - Grodner, RM AU - Wei, CI AU - Bush, PB AU - Xu, DH AU - Shelton, J AU - Alley, EG AU - Hinshaw, JM T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AB - ABSTRACT: Channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ), rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), and red swamp crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ) were collected from 8 southern states in the United States and analyzed for 34 organochlorine, organophosphate, and pyrethroid compounds. Approximately 45% of catfish, 72% of trout, and 92% of crayfish contained no detectable residues. Most residues detected were well below action limits for fish. Chlorpyrifos, for which there is no established tolerance, was detected in catfish; however, residues of this pesticide were not detected in samples collected after the 1st year of the study. The data collected during this study further support the safety of aquaculture products. DA - 2000/3// PY - 2000/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb15985.x VL - 65 IS - 2 SP - 231-235 SN - 0022-1147 KW - pesticide KW - fish KW - aquaculture KW - action limit KW - residue ER - TY - JOUR TI - Morphologic and immunologic characterization of a canine isthmus mural folliculitis resembling pseudopelade of humans AU - Gross, TL AU - Olivry, T AU - Tobin, DJ T2 - VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY AB - The clinical, histopathologic and immunopathologic features of a novel form of isthmus mural folliculitis in dogs, which resembles pseudopelade in humans, were characterized. Clinically, dogs exhibited variably distributed foci of alopecia that persisted without treatment or did not respond to immunosuppressive therapy. Histopathologically, mixed mononuclear cell infiltrates, largely lymphocytes, infiltrated the follicular isthmus. Occasionally, inflammation extended above and below the follicular isthmus but did not involve the hair bulb or the epidermis. Severe follicular atrophy and variable atrophy of sebaceous glands occurred in all dogs. Folliculotropic lymphocytes exhibited most commonly CD3 and CD8 (cytotoxic T cells). Autoantibodies specific for the lower hair follicle were detected in the serum of affected patients. Western immunoblotting demonstrated binding of these antibodies to multiple follicular keratinocyte proteins, including hair keratins and trichohyalin. Lack of hair regrowth (in contrast to canine alopecia areata), as well as location of inflammation and extreme atrophy of adnexal units are similar to findings seen in human pseudopelade. DA - 2000/3// PY - 2000/3// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-3164.2000.00150.x VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 17-24 SN - 0959-4493 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034421847&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - alopecia KW - dog KW - mural folliculitis KW - pseudopelade ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mesenteric rents as a source of small intestinal strangulation in horses: 15 cases (1990-1997) AU - Gayle, JM AU - Blikslager, AT AU - Bowman, KF T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - To describe the clinical findings in horses with small intestinal strangulation through mesenteric rents, and to determine the recurrence and survival rates after surgery.Retrospective study.15 horses with small intestinal obstruction via a mesenteric rent.Medical records of horses with obstruction of the small intestine via a mesenteric rent between January 1990 and December 1997 were reviewed. The signalment, history, initial physical examination findings, results of abdominocentesis, and clinical laboratory values were recorded. Surgical findings, including location of the mesenteric rent and surgical procedure performed, were recorded. Short- and long-term survival rates were calculated.Most mesenteric rents were located in the mesentery of the small intestine (13 horses). Two horses had multiple mesenteric defects. Seven horses were euthanatized at surgery because of an inability to reduce the entrapped intestine (3 horses), uncontrollable hemorrhage (2), inability to close the rent (1), and the amount of compromised intestine involved (1). Seven horses required intestinal resection and anastomosis. The median length of intestine resected was 2.6 m (range, 0.6 to 4.5 m). The mesenteric rents created during resection were not closed in 2 horses. One of these 2 horses subsequently developed a strangulating obstruction through the open rent. Seven of 15 horses in our study were discharged from the hospital (i.e., short-term survival rate of 47% [7/15]). Long-term follow-up information was available for 5 of the 7 horses (follow-up duration of 5 months to 9 years), of which 2 died as a result of colic, and 1 horse was euthanatized because of severe arthritis (i.e., long-term survival rate of 40% [2/5]).Inability to reduce the intestinal obstruction, severe hemorrhage from the mesentery, and the length of intestine involved are the main factors that decrease survival rates in horses with small intestinal strangulation caused by mesenteric rents. DA - 2000/5/1/ PY - 2000/5/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.2000.216.1446 VL - 216 IS - 9 SP - 1446-1449 SN - 0003-1488 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034181105&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heartworm infection in cats: 50 cases (1985-1997) AU - Atkins, CE AU - DeFrancesco, TC AU - Coats, , JR AU - Sidley, JA AU - Keene, BW T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - To characterize risk factors, clinical findings, usefulness of diagnostic tests, and prognosis in cats with naturally occurring heartworm infection (HWI).Retrospective study.50 cats with Dirofilaria immitis infection.Medical records, thoracic radiographs, and echocardiograms were reviewed and findings compared with appropriate reference populations.Findings suggested that male cats were not predisposed to HWI, domestic shorthair cats were at increased risk, and indoor housing was only partially protective. Fewer cases of HWI were identified in the final quarter of the year, compared with other periods, and prevalence is not apparently increasing. Signs of respiratory tract disease were most common, followed by vomiting. Infection was diagnosed incidentally in > 25% of cats; conversely, 10% of infected cats died suddenly without other clinical signs. Serologic tests were most useful for diagnosis, followed by radiography and echocardiography. Eosinophilia supported the diagnosis. Overall median survival time was 1.5 years but exceeded 4 years in cats surviving beyond the day of diagnosis.Sex does not appear to be a risk factor for HWI in cats, and indoor housing provides only incomplete protection. Signs of respiratory tract disease (dyspnea and cough) are the strongest indicators of HWI in cats, and some radiographic evidence of infection is detected in most cases. Antibody screening for HWI in cats is efficacious, and antigen testing and echocardiography are most useful for making a definitive antemortem diagnosis. DA - 2000/8/1/ PY - 2000/8/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.2000.217.355 VL - 217 IS - 3 SP - 355-358 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of enalapril versus placebo as a treatment for canine idiopathic glomerulonephritis AU - Grauer, GF AU - Greco, DS AU - Getzy, DM AU - Cowgill, LD AU - Vaden, SL AU - Chew, DJ AU - Polzin, DJ AU - Barsanti, JA T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - A blinded, multicenter, prospective clinical trial assessed the effects of enalapril (EN) versus standard care in dogs with naturally occurring, idiopathic glomerulonephritis (GN). Twenty-nine adult dogs with membranous (n = 16) and membranoproliferative (n = 13) GN were studied. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either EN (0.5 mg/kg PO q12-24h; n = 16) or placebo (n = 14) for 6 months (1 dog was treated first with the placebo and then with EN). All dogs were treated with low-dose aspirin (0.5-5 mg/kg PO q12-24h) and fed a commercial diet. At baseline, serum creatinine (SrCr), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and glomerular histologic grade were not different between groups, but the urine protein/creatinine ratio (UP/C) was greater in the EN group compared with the placebo group (8.7 +/- 4.4 versus 4.7 +/- 2.3). After 6 months of treatment, the change in UP/C from baseline was significantly different between groups (EN = -4.2 +/- 1.4 versus 1.9 +/- 0.9 in the placebo group). When data were adjusted for changes in SrCr (SrCr X UP/C) a similar significant reduction was noted ( 2.2 +/- 15.2 versus 8.4 +/- 10.1). The change in SBP after 6 months of treatment also was significantly different between groups (EN = -12.8 +/- 27.3 versus 5.9 +/- 21.5 mm Hg in the placebo group). Response to treatment was categorized as improvement (assigned a value of 2), no progression (assigned a value of 1), and progression (assigned a value of 0). Response was significantly better in the EN group (1.4 +/- 0.8) compared with the placebo group (0.3 +/- 0.5). These results suggest that EN treatment is beneficial in dogs with naturally occurring idiopathic GN. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2000)014<0526:EOEVPA>2.3.CO;2 VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 526-533 SN - 0891-6640 KW - angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition KW - kidney KW - renal ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diagnosis and treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in a captive Rocky Mountain wapiti (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) AU - Larsen, R. S. AU - Cebra, C. K. AU - Wild, M. A. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine AB - A captive 5-yr-old castrated male Rocky Mountain wapiti (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) developed stranguria. Rectal palpation and physical examination indicated urethral obstruction that was subsequently relieved by urethrostomy and required only minimal aftercare. The wapiti was able to urinate freely after surgery; however, the obstruction recurred 27 mo later. Urethral catheterization relieved the second obstruction, which was caused by a large calculus composed of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Urolithiasis may have been associated with a diet high in calcium, and urethral obstruction may have been associated with castration at an early age. The wapiti continued to urinate freely 9 mo after relief of the second obstruction and 3 yr after the initial surgery. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1638/1042-7260(2000)031[0236:datoou]2.0.co;2 VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 236-239 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative in vitro percutaneous absorption of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE-4 and NPE-9) through human, porcine and rat skin AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. AU - Miller, J. P. Van AU - Simon, G. AU - Joiner, R. L. AU - Brooks, J. D. AU - Riviere, J. E. T2 - Toxicology and Industrial Health DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1191/074823300678827654 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 49–57 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cloning and sequencing hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops) transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and development of a reverse transcription quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (RT-qcPCR) assay to measure TGF-β mRNA of teleost fish AU - Harms, C.A AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, S AU - Horne, W.A AU - Fuller, F.J AU - Tompkins, W.A.F T2 - Fish & Shellfish Immunology AB - A transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta was isolated and cloned from hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops) anterior kidney mononuclear cells. This isolate (Genbank accession number AF140363) contains an open reading frame of 1146 bases coding for a 382 amino acid protein most similar to rainbow trout TGF-beta (57.3 and 78.6% identity with precursor and active protein, respectively) and rat TGF-beta 1 (41.1 and 68.8% identity with precursor and active protein, respectively). Consensus primers were demonstrated to amplify specifically by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a TGF-beta segment from 14 species of teleost fish comprising 10 taxonomic families in 7 orders. A reverse transcription quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (RT-qcPCR) assay was devised to measure TGF-beta mRNA expression in teleost fish. Higher levels of TGF-beta mRNA expression were detected in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood than from spleen or anterior kidney. DA - 2000/1// PY - 2000/1// DO - 10.1006/fsim.1999.0230 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 61-85 J2 - Fish & Shellfish Immunology LA - en OP - SN - 1050-4648 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fsim.1999.0230 DB - Crossref KW - transforming growth factor-beta KW - TGF-beta KW - sequence KW - hybrid striped bass KW - Morone saxatilis X M-chrysops KW - quantitative PCR ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bartonella Infection in Animals: Carriership, Reservoir Potential, Pathogenicity, and Zoonotic Potential for Human Infection AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. AU - Kordick, Dorsey L. T2 - Clinical Microbiology Reviews AB - Recent observations have begun to support a role for Bartonella spp. as animal as well as human pathogens. Bartonella spp. are vector-transmitted, blood-borne, intracellular, gram-negative bacteria that can induce prolonged infection in the host. Persistent infections in domestic and wild animals result in a substantial reservoir of Bartonella organisms in nature that can serve as a source for inadvertent human infection. The prevalence of bacteremia can range from 50 to 95% in selected rodent, cat, deer, and cattle populations. Dogs infected with Bartonella spp. can develop lameness, endocarditis, granulomatous lymphadenitis, and peliosis hepatis, lesions that have also been reported in association with human infection. Understanding the role of Bartonella spp. as pathogens in cats and other wild or domestic animals awaits the results of additional studies. Considering the extensive animal reservoirs and the large number of insects that have been implicated in the transmission of Bartonella spp., both animal and human exposure to these organisms may be more substantial than is currently believed. DA - 2000/7/1/ PY - 2000/7/1/ DO - 10.1128/CMR.13.3.428-438.2000 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 428-438 J2 - Clin. Microbiol. Rev. LA - en OP - SN - 0893-8512 1098-6618 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.13.3.428 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Apparato tegumentario AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. T2 - Istologia e anatomia microscopica veterinaria (2a ed.) A2 - H. D. Dellmann, J. A. Eurell A2 - Bortolami, R. PY - 2000/// SP - 408-444 PB - Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acute pancreatitis associated with administration of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in tumor-bearing dogs AU - Poulson, J. M. AU - Dewhirst, M. W. AU - Gaskin, A. A. AU - Vujaskovic, Z. AU - Samulski, T. V. AU - Prescott, D. M. AU - Meyer, R. E. AU - Page, R. L. AU - Thrall, D. E. T2 - In Vivo (Athens, Greece) DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 14 IS - 6 SP - 709-714 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hypercalcemia in cats: A retrospective study of 71 cases (1991-1997) AU - Savary, KCM AU - Price, GS AU - Vaden, SL T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - A retrospective study was conducted to characterize the diseases, clinical findings, and clinicopathologic and ultrasonographic findings associated with hypercalcemia (serum calcium concentration >11 mg/dL) in 71 cats presented to North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The 3 most common diagnoses were neoplasia (n = 21), renal failure (n = 18), and urolithiasis (n = 11). Primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in 4 cats. Lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma were the most frequently diagnosed tumors. Calcium oxalate uroliths were diagnosed in 8 of 11 cats with urolithiasis. Cats with neoplasia had a higher serum calcium concentration (13.5 +/- 2.5 mg/dL) than cats with renal failure or urolithiasis and renal failure (11.5 +/- 0.4 mg/dL; P < .03). Serum phosphorus concentration was higher in cats with renal failure than in cats with neoplasia (P < .004). Despite the fact that the majority of cats with uroliths were azotemic, their serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations and urine specific gravity differed from that of cats with renal failure. Additional studies are warranted to determine the underlying disease mechanism in the cats we identified with hypercalcemia and urolithiasis. We also identified a small number of cats with diseases that are not commonly reported with hypercalcemia. Further studies are needed to determine whether an association exists between these diseases and hypercalcemia, as well as to characterize the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism for each disease process. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2000)014<0184:HICARS>2.3.CO;2 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 184-189 SN - 1939-1676 KW - calcium KW - calcium oxalate urolithiasis KW - neoplasia KW - primary hyperparathyroidism KW - renal failure ER - TY - JOUR TI - History, instrumentation, and techniques of flexible endoscopic laser surgery in horses AU - Blikslager, AT AU - Tate, LP T2 - VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-EQUINE PRACTICE AB - The Nd:YAG laser is the most widely used laser for flexible endoscopic surgery in horses. The clinician must understand the advantages and disadvantages of different laser techniques, including Nd:YAG contact and noncontact methods. The outcome for a range of equine diseases has been improved by the availability and proper use of a variety of lasers. DA - 2000/8// PY - 2000/8// DO - 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30103-7 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 251-+ SN - 1558-4224 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hepatic sinusoidal dilatation in a Pearsei cichlid (Cichlasoma pearsei) AU - Barlow, NJ AU - Lewbart, GA AU - Whitney, KM T2 - VETERINARY RECORD AB - Veterinary RecordVolume 146, Issue 1 p. 23-25 Short Communication Hepatic sinusoidal dilatation in a Pearsei cichlid (Cichlasoma pearsei) N. J. Barlow DVM, DACVP, N. J. Barlow DVM, DACVP Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Endocrine, Reproductive, and Developmental Toxicology Program, 6 Davis Drive, PO Box 12137, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 USASearch for more papers by this authorG. A. Lewbart VMD, MS, G. A. Lewbart VMD, MS Department of Clinical Sciences, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorK. M. Whitney DVM, PhD, DACVP, K. M. Whitney DVM, PhD, DACVP Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this author N. J. Barlow DVM, DACVP, N. J. Barlow DVM, DACVP Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Endocrine, Reproductive, and Developmental Toxicology Program, 6 Davis Drive, PO Box 12137, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 USASearch for more papers by this authorG. A. Lewbart VMD, MS, G. A. Lewbart VMD, MS Department of Clinical Sciences, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorK. M. Whitney DVM, PhD, DACVP, K. M. Whitney DVM, PhD, DACVP Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 2000 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.146.1.23Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References BRUNO, D. W. & ELLIS, A. E. (1986) Multiple hepatic cysts in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Journal of Fish Diseases 9, 79–81 BUNTON, T. E. (1993) The immunocytochemistry of cytokeratin in fish tissues. Veterinary Pathology 30, 418–425 CONKEL, D. (1993) Systematic write-ups of the subgenera ‘Cichlasoma’. In Cichlids of North and Central America. Neptune City, THF Publications. p 112 EUSTIS, S. L., BOORMAN, G. A., HARADA, T. & POPP, J. A. (1990) Liver. In Pathology of the Fischer Rat. Eds G. A. Boorman, C. A. Montogomery, W. F. Mackenzie. San Diego, Academic Press. pp 76–77 FERGUSON, H. W. (1989) Liver. In Systemic Pathology of Fish: a Text and Atlas of Comparative Tissue Responses in Diseases of Teleosts. Ames, Iowa Sate University Press. pp 146–157 KELLY, W. J. (1993) Vascular factors in liver injury. In Pathology of Domestic Animals. Eds K. V. F. Jubb, P. C. Kennedy, N. Palmer. San Diego, Academic Press. pp 358–359 MAXIE, M. G. (1993) The urinary system. In Pathology of Domestic Animals. Eds K. V. F. Jubb, P. C. Kennedy, N. Palmer. San Diego, Academic Press. pp 323, 464 NOGA, E. J. (1996) Fish Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment. St. Louis, Mosby-Year Book Citing Literature Volume146, Issue1January 2000Pages 23-25 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 2000/1/1/ PY - 2000/1/1/ DO - 10.1136/vr.146.1.23 VL - 146 IS - 1 SP - 23-25 SN - 0042-4900 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hemiovariosalpingectomy in a loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) AU - Nutter, FB AU - Lee, DD AU - Stamper, MA AU - Lewbart, GA AU - Stoskopf, MK T2 - VETERINARY RECORD AB - Veterinary RecordVolume 146, Issue 3 p. 78-80 Short Communication Hemiovanosalpingecomy in a loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) F. B. Nutter DVM, F. B. Nutter DVM Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorD. D. Lee DVM, D. D. Lee DVM Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorM. A. Stamper DVM, DipACZM, M. A. Stamper DVM, DipACZM Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorG. A. Lewbart MS, VMD, G. A. Lewbart MS, VMD Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorM. K. Stoskopf DVM, PhD, DipACZM, M. K. Stoskopf DVM, PhD, DipACZM Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this author F. B. Nutter DVM, F. B. Nutter DVM Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorD. D. Lee DVM, D. D. Lee DVM Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorM. A. Stamper DVM, DipACZM, M. A. Stamper DVM, DipACZM Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorG. A. Lewbart MS, VMD, G. A. Lewbart MS, VMD Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorM. K. Stoskopf DVM, PhD, DipACZM, M. K. Stoskopf DVM, PhD, DipACZM Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 January 2000 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.146.3.78Citations: 25Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. References FRAZER, N. B. (1995) Loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta. In National Marine Fisheries Service and US Fish and Wildlife Service Status Reviews for Sea Turtles Listed Under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Ed P. T. Plotkin. Maryland, Silver Spring, National Marine Fisheries Service. pp 1– 13 LEGLER, J. M. (1958) Extra-uterine migration of ova in turtles. Herpetologica 14, 49– 52 LUTZ, P. L. & DUNBAR-COOPER, A. (1987) Variations in the blood chemistry of the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta. Fishery Bulletin 85, 37– 43 MAHMOUD, I. Y. & KLICKA, J. (1975) Extra-uterine egg migration in snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina serpentina. Journal of Herpetology 9, 242– 243 MILLER, J. D. (1997) Reproductive in sea turtles. In The Biology of Sea Turtles. Eds P. L. Lutz, J. A. Musick. CRC Press, New York. pp 51– 81 RAITI, P. (1995) Reproductive problems of reptiles. Proceedings of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians. pp 101– 105 TINKLE, D. W. (1959) Additional remarks on extra-uterine egg migration in turtles. Herpetologica 15, 161– 162 United States Department Of Commerce (1997) Endangered Species Act biennial report to Congress on the status of recovery programs, July 1994 – September 1996. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA. p 45 Citing Literature Volume146, Issue3January 2000Pages 78-80 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 2000/1/15/ PY - 2000/1/15/ DO - 10.1136/vr.146.3.78 VL - 146 IS - 3 SP - 78-80 SN - 0042-4900 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Frequency of pulmonary mineralization and hypoxemia in 21 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism AU - Berry, CR AU - Hawkins, EC AU - Hurley, KJ AU - Monce, K T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of hypoxemia and pulmonary mineralization using 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). Twenty-one dogs with PDH were prospectively evaluated using thoracic radiography, arterial blood gas analysis, and bone phase and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy (using 99mTc-macro-aggregated albumin [99mTc-MAA]). The radiographs and bone and perfusion studies were evaluated subjectively. An averaged quantitative count density ratio was calculated between the thorax and cranial thoraco-lumbar vertebrae from lateral thoracic 99mTc-MDP images. Thoracic:vertebral ratios were calculated using 99mTc-MDP studies from 21 control dogs. The thoracic:vertebral ratios were compared between the 2 groups (PDH and control). The mean age (+/-SD) of the 21 PDH dogs was 10.2 (+/-3) years, whereas the mean age of the control group was 9.8 (+/-3) years. Seven of the 21 dogs with PDH were hypoxemic (defined as an arterial partial pressure of oxygen [PaO2] < 80 mm Hg) with an average PaO2 (+/-SD) of 62 (+/-15) mm Hg. Of the 7 hypoxemic dogs, 2 were found to have pulmonary mineralization based on bone scintigraphic images. Pulmonary perfusion abnormalities were not identified using 99mTc-MAA in any of the 21 PDH dogs. Six PDH dogs had an abnormal interstitial pulmonary pattern and 5 of these dogs were hypoxemic. The average quantitative thoracic:vertebral ratio was not significantly different between the PDH and control dogs (0.5 +/- 0.4 versus 0.4 +/- 0.1, P = .16). Causes of hypoxemia other than pulmonary thromboembolism should be considered in dogs with PDH. Pulmonary mineralization may contribute to hypoxemia in dogs with PDH. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2000)014<0151:FOPMAH>2.3.CO;2 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 151-156 SN - 0891-6640 KW - canine KW - radiography KW - scintigraphy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aortic dissection and congestive heart failure associated with systemic hypertension in a cat AU - Wey, A. C. AU - Atkins, C. E. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 14, Issue 2 p. 208-213 Open Access Aortic Dissection and Congestive Heart Failure Associated with Systemic Hypertension in a Cat Aaron C. Wey, Corresponding Author Aaron C. Wey Department of Companion Animals and Special Species, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA. Department of Companion Animals and Special Species, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606; e-mail: clarke-atkins @ ncsu. edu.Search for more papers by this authorClarke E. Atkins, Corresponding Author Clarke E. Atkins Department of Companion Animals and Special Species, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA. Department of Companion Animals and Special Species, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606; e-mail: clarke-atkins @ ncsu. edu.Search for more papers by this author Aaron C. Wey, Corresponding Author Aaron C. Wey Department of Companion Animals and Special Species, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA. Department of Companion Animals and Special Species, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606; e-mail: clarke-atkins @ ncsu. edu.Search for more papers by this authorClarke E. Atkins, Corresponding Author Clarke E. Atkins Department of Companion Animals and Special Species, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA. Department of Companion Animals and Special Species, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606; e-mail: clarke-atkins @ ncsu. edu.Search for more papers by this author First published: 28 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02239.xCitations: 31AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Liu S. Postmortem examination of the heart. Vet Clin North Am 1983; 13: 379– 394. 2 Heritage ME, Gorman NT, Jeffries AR. Coarctation of the aorta in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1992; 33: 25– 30. 3 Hamir AN. Perforation of the thoracic aorta in a dog associated with Spirocerca lupi infection. Aust Vet J 1984; 61: 64. 4 Potter KA, Besser TE. Cardiovascular lesions in bovine Marfan syndrome. Vet Pathol 1994; 31: 501– 509. 5 Lester GD, Lombard CW, Ackerman N. Echocardiographic detection of a dissecting aortic root aneurysm in a thoroughbred stallion. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1992; 33: 202– 205. 6 Marr CM, Reef VB, Brazil TJ, et al. Aorto-cardiac fistulas in seven horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1998; 39: 22– 31. 7 Pretre R, VonSesser LK. Aortic dissection. Lancet 1997; 349: 1462– 1464. Citing Literature Volume14, Issue2March 2000Pages 208-213 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02239.x VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 208-213 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using units of CEM 43 degrees C T-90, local hyperthermia thermal dose can be delivered as prescribed AU - Thrall, DE AU - Rosner, GL AU - Azuma, C AU - Larue, SM AU - Case, BC AU - Samulski, T AU - Dewhirst, MW T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYPERTHERMIA AB - A randomized study was designed in dogs with spontaneous soft tissue sarcomas to gain information about the relationship between hyperthermia dose and outcome. The study compared two levels of thermal dose applied to dogs with heatable tumours, so it was necessary to deliver either a low (2-5 CEM 43°C T90) or high (20-50 CEM 43°C T90) thermal dose as precisely as possible. It was also desirable to have similar numbers of hyperthermia treatments in each thermal dose group. Identification of heatable tumours and randomization to high or low heat dose group was done during the first hyperthermia treatment. This was readily accomplished using mapping of temperatures in thermometry catheters, manual recording of thermal data, and visual inspection of raw thermal data with subsequent adjustment of the duration of the hyperthermia treatment. An analysis of precision of thermal dose delivery was conducted after approximately 50% of projected accrual had been met in a randomized phase III assessment of thermal dose effect. Fifty-four dogs were eligible for randomization; in 48 dogs the tumour was deemed heatable according to predetermined temperature criteria applied during the first heat treatment. Twenty-four dogs were randomized to the high heat dose group, and 24 to the low heat dose group. Median (range) total thermal dose for dogs in the high dose group was 43.5 CEM 43°C T90 (16.4-66.6) compared to 3.2 CEM 43°C T90 (2.1-4.6) for dogs in the low dose group. There was no overlap of thermal doses between groups. Thus, thermal dose could be delivered accurately, being within the predetermined range in 47 of the 48 dogs. Thermal dose quantified as CEM 43°C T50, however, did overlap between groups and the clinical significance of this finding will not be known until outcome data are analysed. Most dogs in both groups received five hyperthermia treatments. Median (range) treatment duration for dogs in the high dose group was 300min (147-692) compared to 111min (51-381) for dogs in the low dose group. Relatively simple but accurate methods of delivering prescribed thermal dose as described herein will aid the translation of clinical hyperthermia from the research setting into more general practice once the characteristics of the relationship between hyperthermia dose and outcome are understood. DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1080/026567300416712 VL - 16 IS - 5 SP - 415-428 SN - 1464-5157 KW - dog KW - hyperthermia KW - thermal dose ER - TY - JOUR TI - Peliosis hepatis in a dog infected withBartonella henselae AU - Kitchell, Barbara E. AU - Fan, Timothy M. AU - Kordick, Dorsey AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. AU - Wollenberg, Gordon AU - Lichtensteiger, Carol A. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AB - A 6-year-old spayed female Golden Retriever was examined because of generalized weakness and abdominal distention. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large quantity of peritoneal fluid. In addition, the liver appeared larger than normal and contained multiple, small, nodular masses and cyst-like structures. Abdominal exploratory surgery was performed, and 5 L of serosanguineous peritoneal fluid was removed. Gross lesions were not found in the stomach, kidneys, intestines, adrenal glands, or urinary bladder. There were diffuse cystic nodules in all liver lobes. The dog did not recover from anesthesia. A diagnosis of peliosis hepatis was made on the basis of gross and histologic appearance of the liver. A polymerase chain reaction assay revealed Bartonella henselae DNA in liver specimens. To our knowledge, this is the first report of molecular evidence of B henselae infection in a dog with peliosis hepatis. DA - 2000/2// PY - 2000/2// DO - 10.2460/javma.2000.216.519 VL - 216 IS - 4 SP - 519-523 J2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association LA - en OP - SN - 0003-1488 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.216.519 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel localised variant of canine epidermolysis bullosa acquisita AU - Olivry, T AU - Petersen, A AU - Dunston, SM AU - Chen, M T2 - VETERINARY RECORD AB - Veterinary RecordVolume 146, Issue 7 p. 193-194 Short Communication Novel localised variant of canine epidermolysis bullosa acquisita T. Olivry DrVet, PhD, DipACVD, DipECVD, T. Olivry DrVet, PhD, DipACVD, DipECVD Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorS. M. Dunston BS, MS, S. M. Dunston BS, MS Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorA. Petersen DrMedVet, A. Petersen DrMedVet Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorM. Chen PhD, LAC, M. Chen PhD, LAC University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USASearch for more papers by this author T. Olivry DrVet, PhD, DipACVD, DipECVD, T. Olivry DrVet, PhD, DipACVD, DipECVD Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorS. M. Dunston BS, MS, S. M. Dunston BS, MS Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorA. Petersen DrMedVet, A. Petersen DrMedVet Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USASearch for more papers by this authorM. Chen PhD, LAC, M. Chen PhD, LAC University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 February 2000 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.146.7.193Citations: 6Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume146, Issue7February 2000Pages 193-194 RelatedInformation DA - 2000/2/12/ PY - 2000/2/12/ DO - 10.1136/vr.146.7.193 VL - 146 IS - 7 SP - 193-194 SN - 0042-4900 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034639664&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Implementation and assessment of a career and life skills program for matriculating veterinary medical students AU - Stell, EJ AU - Price, GS AU - Swanson, C T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION DA - 2000/11/1/ PY - 2000/11/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.2000.217.1311 VL - 217 IS - 9 SP - 1311-1314 SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genistein augments prostaglandin-induced recovery of barrier function in ischemia-injured porcine ileum AU - Blikslager, Anthony T. AU - Roberts, Malcolm C. AU - Young, Karen M. AU - Rhoads, J. Marc AU - Argenzio, Robert A. T2 - American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology AB - We have previously shown that PGE(2) enhances recovery of transmucosal resistance (R) in ischemia-injured porcine ileum via a mechanism involving chloride secretion. Because the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein amplifies cAMP-induced Cl(-) secretion, we postulated that genistein would augment PGE(2)-induced recovery of R. Porcine ileum subjected to 45 min of ischemia was mounted in Ussing chambers, and R and mucosal-to-serosal fluxes of [(3)H]N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) and [(3)H]mannitol were monitored as indicators of recovery of barrier function. Treatment with genistein (10(-4) M) and PGE(2) (10(-6) M) resulted in synergistic elevations in R and additive reductions in mucosal-to-serosal fluxes of [(3)H]FMLP and [(3)H]mannitol, whereas treatment with genistein alone had no effect. Treatment of injured tissues with genistein and either 8-bromo-cAMP (10(-4) M) or cGMP (10(-4) M) resulted in synergistic increases in R. However, treatment of tissues with genistein and the protein kinase C (PKC) agonist phorbol myristate acetate (10(-5)-10(-6) M) had no effect on R. Genistein augments recovery of R in the presence of cAMP or cGMP but not in the presence of PKC agonists. DA - 2000/2// PY - 2000/2// DO - 10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.2.g207 VL - 278 IS - 2 SP - G207-G216 J2 - American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology LA - en OP - SN - 0193-1857 1522-1547 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.2.G207 DB - Crossref KW - mucosa KW - chloride secretion KW - transmucosal resistance KW - tyrosine kinase ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ex vivo canine lens capsular sac explants AU - Davidson, MG AU - Wormstone, M AU - Morgan, D AU - Malakof, R AU - Allen, J AU - McGahan, MC T2 - GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY DA - 2000/8// PY - 2000/8// DO - 10.1007/s004170000158 VL - 238 IS - 8 SP - 708-714 SN - 0721-832X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of feed physical form and buffering solutes on water disappearance and proximal stomach pH in swine. AU - Ange, K D AU - Eisemann, J H AU - Argenzio, R A AU - Almond, G W AU - Blikslager, A T T2 - Journal of Animal Science AB - The effects of the physical form of feed on water disappearance and the effects of buffered water on proximal stomach pH in swine were determined in two experiments. In Exp. 1, 32 barrows were used to evaluate the water disappearance in pigs fed a finely ground and pelleted diet vs those fed a coarsely ground and mashed diet for ad libitum consumption over a 2-wk interval. There were four replicates with eight pigs per replicate. Average daily water and feed disappearance did not differ (P = 0.06 and P = 0.10, respectively). However, average daily water to feed ratio was higher for pigs on the pelleted diet (4.21+/-0.31 L/kg vs 3.04+/-0.33 L/kg; P = 0.02). The higher ratio for the pelleted diet indicated that this may be the cause of a more fluid digesta allowing reflux of irritants from the distal stomach to damage the pars esophageal region of the proximal stomach. In Exp. 2, four barrows (25+/-2 kg) had gastric cannulas surgically implanted into the proximal region of the stomach. Pigs were given ad libitum access to a finely ground and pelleted diet. The experimental design was a Latin square. Water treatments included water (control), 200 mOsm NaHCO3, 250 mOsm NaHCO3, and 250 mOsm mono-dibasic sodium phosphate. Pigs were given a 4-d adjustment period, and pH measurements began on the morning of the 5th d and continued for 24 h under normal feeding conditions. Feed was removed and measurements were continued for 16 h. Buffered water raised the pH of the proximal region of the stomach compared to the control (P < 0.001). Average pH while consuming the water treatments was 3.65+/-0.11 (n = 4) for water control, 4.86+/-0.11 (n = 4) for the 200 mOsm NaHCO3, 4.63+/-0.11 (n = 4) for the 250 mOsm NaHCO3, and 4.59+/-0.14 (n = 3) for the 250 mOsm mono-dibasic sodium phosphate. Buffers also raised the pH of the proximal region of the stomach for the fed (P < 0.001) and the feed restriction (P < 0.01) phases of the trial. Water disappearance rates in pigs given NaHCO3 were higher than in the control (P < 0.01). Average daily water disappearance for the treatments was 9.13+/-0.74 L for the control, 13.56+/-0.74 L for 200 mOsm NaHCO3, 13.77+/-0.74 L for the 250 mOsm NaHCO3, and 10.33+/-0.95 L for the phosphate buffer. The proximal pH of the stomach was increased by adding buffers to the water supply. Addition of NaHCO3 buffers also caused increased water disappearance. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.2527/2000.7892344x VL - 78 IS - 9 SP - 2344 LA - en OP - SN - 0021-8812 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/2000.7892344x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cyclic CD8+lymphopenia in dogs experimentally infected with Bartonella vinsonii subsp berkhoffii AU - Pappalardo, BL AU - Brown, T AU - Gebhardt, D AU - Sontakke, S AU - Breitschwerdt, EB T2 - VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AB - Until recently, it was presumed that Bartonella vinsonii only infected voles, a species of North American rodents. In April of 1993, however, our laboratory isolated a novel subspecies of B. vinsonii (B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii) from the blood of a dog diagnosed with vegetative valvular endocarditis. Subsequently, based on a seroepidemiologic survey of dogs from North Carolina and Virginia presenting for a variety of medical problems, we found evidence supporting a potentially important association between B. vinsonii and Ehrlichia canis co-infection in dogs. In the following study, eight dogs were infected with B. vinsonii: four specific pathogen free dogs and four dogs that had previously been infected with E. canis. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed a cyclic elevation of the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio that correlated with cyclic CD8+ lymphopenia in all dogs infected with B. vinsonii, regardless of prior exposure to E. canis. DA - 2000/6/30/ PY - 2000/6/30/ DO - 10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00182-3 VL - 75 IS - 1-2 SP - 43-57 SN - 0165-2427 KW - mAb, monoclonal antibody KW - FBS, fetal bovine serum KW - PID, post-inoculation day KW - PBL, peripheral blood lymphocytes KW - LN, lymph node ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cardiorespiratory effects of four alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist-ketamine combinations in captive red wolves AU - Sladky, KK AU - Kelly, BT AU - Loomis, MR AU - Stoskopf, MK AU - Horne, WA T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - Abstract Objective —To evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of immobilizing doses of xylazine-ketamine (XK), medetomidine-ketamine (MK), medetomidine-ketamine- acepromazine (MKA), and medetomidine-butorphanol- ketamine (MBK) in captive red wolves. Design —Prospective study. Animals —32 adult captive red wolves. Procedure —Wolves were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: XK, MK, MKA, or MBK. Physiologic variables measured included heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, tidal volume, oxygen-hemoglobin saturation (SpO 2 ), end-tidal CO 2 , arterial blood gases, and rectal temperature. Induction time, muscle relaxation, and quality of recovery were assessed. Results —Heart rates were lower in wolves in the MBK group than for the other groups. All 4 drug combinations induced considerable hypertension, with diastolic pressures exceeding 116 mm Hg. Blood pressure was lowest in wolves receiving the MBK combination. Respiratory rate was significantly higher in wolves receiving XK, MK, and MKA. Tidal volumes were similar for all groups. Wolves receiving XK, MK, and MKA were well-oxygenated throughout the procedure (SpO 2 > 93%), whereas those receiving MBK were moderately hypoxemic (87% < SpO2 < 93%) during the first 20 minutes of the procedure. Hyperthermia was detected initially following induction in all groups. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —The α 2 - adrenoceptor agonist-ketamine combinations provide rapid reversible anesthesia for red wolves but cause severe sustained hypertension. Such an adverse effect puts animals at risk for development of cerebral encephalopathy, retinal hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, and myocardial failure. Although the MBK combination offers some advantages over the others, it is advised that further protocol refinements be made to minimize risks associated with acute hypertension. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;217:1366–1371) DA - 2000/11/1/ PY - 2000/11/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.2000.217.1366 VL - 217 IS - 9 SP - 1366-1371 SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acute pain management AU - Hansen, B T2 - VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE AB - We encounter patients with acute pain many times each day, and few aspects of veterinary practice offer such an opportunity to help so many in such a profoundly rewarding way. As emphasized here and elsewhere, we now have excellent tools with which to help these animals, and the biggest impediment to optimal treatment of their pain is often our own difficulty in recognizing its presence. Perhaps the single most important aspect of treating acute pain is to cultivate an ability to see past our personal biases and expectations which may limit treatment and to rediscover the common sense we had about pain before we entered the profession. By rededicating ourselves to seeking out, preventing, and relieving pain, we not only perform a vital service for our patients but also elevate our profession even as we reap financial and spiritual rewards for our efforts. What could be better? DA - 2000/7// PY - 2000/7// DO - 10.1016/S0195-5616(08)70014-7 VL - 30 IS - 4 SP - 899-+ SN - 1878-1306 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rhabdomyolysis in two foals with polysaccharide storage myopathy AU - Byrne, E. AU - Cohen, N. AU - Jones, S. L. AU - Zimmel, D. N. AU - Valberg, S. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 22 IS - 5 SP - 503 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Radiographic diagnosis - Ethmoid hematoma AU - Gasser, AM AU - Love, NE AU - Tate, LP T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Veterinary Radiology & UltrasoundVolume 41, Issue 3 p. 247-249 RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS—ETHMOID HEMATOMA Angela M. Gasser DVM, Angela M. Gasser DVM Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorNancy E. Love DVM, Corresponding Author Nancy E. Love DVM Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Nancy Love.Search for more papers by this authorLloyd P. Tate Jr, VMD, Lloyd P. Tate Jr, VMD Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this author Angela M. Gasser DVM, Angela M. Gasser DVM Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorNancy E. Love DVM, Corresponding Author Nancy E. Love DVM Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Nancy Love.Search for more papers by this authorLloyd P. Tate Jr, VMD, Lloyd P. Tate Jr, VMD Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this author First published: 19 May 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01487.xCitations: 9AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume41, Issue3May 2000Pages 247-249 RelatedInformation DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb01487.x VL - 41 IS - 3 SP - 247-249 SN - 1058-8183 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for transforming growth factor-beta applied to a field study of fish health in Chesapeake Bay tributaries AU - Harms, Craig AU - Ottinger, C. A. AU - Blazer, V. S. AU - Densmore, C. L. AU - Pieper, L. H. AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, S. T2 - Environmental Health Perspectives AB - Fish morbidity and mortality events in Chesapeake Bay tributaries have aroused concern over the health of this important aquatic ecosystem. We applied a recently described method for quantifying mRNA of an immunosuppressive cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), by reverse transcription quantitative-competitive polymerase chain reaction to a field study of fish health in the Chesapeake Basin, and compared the results to those of a traditional cellular immunoassay macrophage bactericidal activity. We selected the white perch (Morone americana) as the sentinel fish species because of its abundance at all of the collection sites. White perch were sampled from Chesapeake Bay tributaries in June, August, and October 1998. Splenic mononuclear cell TGF-beta mRNA levels increased and anterior kidney macrophage bactericidal activity decreased, particularly in eastern shore tributaries, from June to August and October. The results of the two assays correlated inversely (Kendall's [Tau] b = -0.600; p = 0.0102). The results indicated both temporal and spatial modulation of white perch immune systems in the Chesapeake Basin, and demonstrated the utility of quantitative PCR for TGF-beta as a molecular biomarker for field assessment of teleost fish immune status. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1289/ehp.00108447 VL - 108 IS - 5 SP - 447–452 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Femoral medullary infarction secondary to canine total hip arthroplasty AU - Sebestyen, P AU - Marcellin-Little, DJ AU - DeYoung, BA T2 - VETERINARY SURGERY AB - To evaluate the prevalence of femoral intramedullary infarction after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to determine whether any specific femoral morphology predisposes to bone infarction.Retrospective clinical study.All dogs from our hospital population undergoing THA between 1984 and 1997 with radiographic follow-up available at 1 year or more postoperatively.A case control study was conducted within the THA group to determine risk factors predisposing to femoral infarction after THA. Medical records and radiographs were reviewed. Data were collected on clinical parameters, femoral morphology, prosthesis, and bone changes. Radiographic diagnosis was confirmed using histopathology in 11 femora. Radiographs of 50 age-matched control dogs weighing more than 20 kg with coxofemoral degenerative joint disease were randomly chosen to determine the prevalence of bone infarction in nonoperated dogs.Ninety-one dogs with 110 THA were included in the study. Fifteen of the 110 femora with THA had radiographic evidence of infarction (14%). Infarction was not present in any femora in the control group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infarction between dogs that received cemented or uncemented prostheses. Clinical signs were not reported in any patient that developed femoral infarction. Young age (P = .03) and a distance between the greater trochanter and nutrient foramen greater than 79 mm (P = .008) predisposed dogs to femoral infarction. Over time, three infarcts decreased in size radiographically, five remained unchanged, and three expanded. An osteosarcoma developed at the site of a bone infarct in one dog.Femoral intramedullary infarction occurred in 15 of 110 THA. Young age at the time of THA and a greater distance between the greater trochanter and the nutrient foramen predisposed to infarction.Intramedullary infarction occurs after canine THA. These bone infarcts do not appear to cause clinical signs; however, they may present a diagnostic challenge. Malignant transformation could potentially result from medullary infarction. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1053/jvet.2000.4391 VL - 29 IS - 3 SP - 227-236 SN - 1532-950X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of intestinal permeability and gluten sensitivity in Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers with familial protein-losing enteropathy, protein-losing nephropathy, or both AU - Vaden, SL AU - Sellon, RK AU - Melgarejo, LT AU - Williams, DA AU - Trogdon, MM AU - VanCamp, SD AU - Argenzio, RA T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - To evaluate intestinal permeability and gluten sensitivity in a family of Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers (SCWT) affected with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), protein-losing nephropathy (PLN), or both.6 affected adult dogs.Intestinal biopsy specimens, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, serum concentrations of albumin and globulin, and concentration of alpha1-protease inhibitor in feces were evaluated before, during, and 13 weeks after daily administration of 10 g of gluten for 7 weeks. Eosinophils and lymphocytes-plasmacytes were enumerated in intestinal biopsy specimens. Intestinal permeability was evaluated before and during the sixth week of gluten administration via cellobiose-mannitol and chromium-EDTA absorption tests.Serum globulin concentration decreased significantly after prolonged administration of gluten. Although not significant, there was an increase in lymphocytes-plasmacytes and a decrease in eosinophils in intestinal biopsy specimens. Furthermore, these counts were greater than those reported for clinically normal dogs. Gluten administration did not increase intestinal permeability.Daily administration of gluten was associated with a significant decrease in serum globulin concentration in SCWT affected with PLE or PLN, but other variables remained unchanged. Although enhanced wheat-gluten sensitivity may be one factor involved in the pathogenesis of PLE or PLN in SCWT, this syndrome does not appear to be the result of a specific sensitivity to gluten. DA - 2000/5// PY - 2000/5// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.518 VL - 61 IS - 5 SP - 518-524 SN - 0002-9645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of a 1 per cent hydrocortisone conditioner on the prevention of immediate and late-phase reactions in canine skin AU - Rivierre, C. AU - Dunston, S.M. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Veterinary Record DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 147 IS - 26 SP - 739-742 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034707242&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of pharmacokinetics of fentanyl after intravenous and transdermal administration in cats AU - Lee, DD AU - Papich, MG AU - Hardie, EM T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - To compare pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of fentanyl citrate after IV or transdermal administration in cats.6 healthy adult cats with a mean weight of 3.78 kg.Each cat was given fentanyl IV (25 mg/cat; mean +/- SD dosage, 7.19 +/- 1.17 mg/kg of body weight) and via a transdermal patch (25 microg of fentanyl/h). Plasma concentrations of fentanyl were measured by use of radioimmunoassay. Pharmacokinetic analyses of plasma drug concentrations were conducted, using an automated curve-stripping process followed by nonlinear, least-squares regression. Transdermal delivery of drug was calculated by use of IV pharmacokinetic data.Plasma concentrations of fentanyl given IV decreased rapidly (mean elimination half-life, 2.35 +/- 0.57 hours). Mean +/- SEM calculated rate of transdermal delivery of fentanyl was 8.48 +/- 1.7 mg/h (< 36% of the theoretical 25 mg/h). Median steady-state concentration of fentanyl 12 to 100 hours after application of the transdermal patch was 1.58 ng/ml. Plasma concentrations of fentanyl < 1.0 ng/ml were detected in 4 of 6 cats 12 hours after patch application, 5 of 6 cats 18 and 24 hours after application, and 6 of 6 cats 36 hours after application.In cats, transdermal administration provides sustained plasma concentrations of fentanyl citrate throughout a 5-day period. Variation of plasma drug concentrations with transdermal absorption for each cat was pronounced. Transdermal administration of fentanyl has potential for use in cats for long-term control of pain after surgery or chronic pain associated with cancer. DA - 2000/6// PY - 2000/6// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.672 VL - 61 IS - 6 SP - 672-677 SN - 0002-9645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of sulfur mustard-induced toxicity by enzyme histochemistry in porcine skin AU - Monteiro-Riviere, NA AU - Inman, AO T2 - TOXICOLOGY METHODS AB - The isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) has been validated as an invitro model to study the cutaneous toxicology of numerous compounds, including sulfur mustard (bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide; HD). Enzyme histochemistry of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and nonspecific esterase (NSE) was performed on skin dosed with HD from the IPPSF. Flaps from the dose response study were treated with 10.0 (n = 5), 5.0 (n = 4), 2.5 (n = 4), 1.25 (n = 3), 0.5 (n = 3), and 0.2 (n = 4) mg/mL HD in absolute ethanol (EtOH) and perfused for 8 h. Flaps from the time response study were treated with 10.0 mg/mL HD in EtOH or the EtOH vehicle and perfused for 1 (n = 4), 3 (n = 4), 5 (n = 4), and 8 h (n = 3). In the time response study, significant differences (SD) (p <. 05) were found in the stratum basale with ALP (3 h HD SD from the 3 h EtOH; 3 h HD SD from the 8 h HD), ACP (3 h HD SD from the 3 h EtOH), and NSE (8 h HD SD from the 8 h EtOH); in the stratum spinosum with NSE (1 h HD SD from the 1 h EtOH; 8 h HD SD from the 8 h EtOH); and in the dermis with NSE (1 h HD SD from the 1 h EtOH). ALP staining was found to be the most sensitive of the enzyme biomarkers in this study, since its intensity increases in response to mild insult and decreases in response to a more severe exposure. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1080/10517230050083366 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 127-142 SN - 1051-7235 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033671104&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rapid identification and differentiation of Bartonella species using a single-step PCR assay AU - Jensen, W. A. AU - Fall, M. Z. AU - Rooney, J. AU - Kordick, D. L. AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. T2 - Journal of Clinical Microbiology DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 38 IS - 5 SP - 1717-1722 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular cloning of canine bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 cDNA and immunomapping of NC16A domain by canine bullous pemphigoid autoantibodies AU - Xu, LT AU - EA O'Toole, AU - Olivry, T AU - Hernandez, C AU - Peng, J AU - Chen, M AU - Chan, LS T2 - BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE AB - The autoantibody-mediated subepidermal blistering skin disease bullous pemphigoid affects both humans and dogs. We previously demonstrated that canine bullous pemphigoid patient's autoantibodies targeted skin basement membrane component and a 180-kDa keratinocyte protein. We extend our works to partially isolate the cDNA encoding canine bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 (BPAg2, BP180). Total RNA extracted from a papillomavirus-immortalized canine keratinocyte cell line and a cultured canine squamous carcinoma cell line SCC 2/88 were used to isolate fragments of cDNA encoding BPAg2 by reverse transcription-PCR and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA end. The isolated sequence included the 5'-untranslated region, the entire intracellular, transmembranous, and extracellular NC16A autoantigenic domains, plus a small segment of the collagenous domain. Sequence analyses of the isolated cDNA showed 87 and 85% identities between canine and human at the nucleotide sequence and at the deduced amino acid sequence levels, respectively. The canine BPAg2 sequence was confirmed by a rabbit antibody raised against a 18-amino acid peptide deduced from the canine NC16A nucleotide sequence. Autoantibodies from canine bullous pemphigoid patients' sera recognized epitopes within the human NC16A domain. The cloning of the cDNA encoding this disease-associated protein may allow us to develop a canine model in dissecting the immunopathologic mechanism underlying bullous pemphigoid. DA - 2000/1/3/ PY - 2000/1/3/ DO - 10.1016/S0925-4439(99)00092-7 VL - 1500 IS - 1 SP - 97-107 SN - 0925-4439 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033991514&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - autoimmunity KW - veterinary immunology KW - ELISA KW - peptide KW - cloning KW - canine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Glutamine metabolism stimulates intestinal cell MAPKs by a cAMP-inhibitable, Raf-independent mechanism AU - Rhoads, JM AU - Argenzio, RA AU - Chen, WN AU - Graves, LM AU - Licato, LL AU - Blikslager, AT AU - Smith, J AU - Gatzy, J AU - Brenner, DA T2 - GASTROENTEROLOGY AB - Infectious diarrhea caused by viruses plus enterotoxigenic bacteria is often more severe than diarrhea induced by either pathogen alone. We postulated that the increased cell adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) concentration observed during infection by enterotoxigenic organisms retards the intestinal repair process by blocking activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in proliferating intestinal cells.We evaluated the effects of glutamine on MAPK activity, thymidine incorporation, and cell number in glutamine-starved and -sufficient rat intestinal crypt cells (IEC-6).In glutamine-starved cells, 10 mmol/L glutamine in the absence of serum stimulated [(3)H]thymidine incorporation 8-fold. This effect was inhibited by 60% with 8-(4-chlorophenylthio) (8-CPT)-cAMP (100 micromol/L) + isobutyl methylxanthine (100 micromol/L). In cells not starved of glutamine, glutamine stimulated thymidine incorporation by 3-fold, and 8-CPT-cAMP completely blocked the mitogenic effect. Inhibition of proliferation by cAMP persisted for at least 68 hours after cAMP removal. In vitro kinase assays showed that glutamine signaling requires an intact ERK (extracellular signal-related kinase) pathway in unstarved cells. In starved cells, at least one other pathway (JNK) was activated by glutamine, and the mitogenic inhibition by 8-CPT-cAMP was incomplete. Other intestinal fuels (glucose and acetate) were not mitogenic.Increased levels of intracellular cAMP inhibit ERKs but only partially reduce glutamine-stimulated proliferation in enterocytes adapted to low glutamine. DA - 2000/1// PY - 2000/1// DO - 10.1016/S0016-5085(00)70417-3 VL - 118 IS - 1 SP - 90-100 SN - 0016-5085 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033970974&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Familial glomerulonephropathy in a litter of Beagles AU - Rha, Ji-Yeun AU - Labato, Mary Anna AU - Ross, Linda A. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward AU - Alroy, Joseph T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AB - Membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy was diagnosed in 5 of 7 adult Beagles from the same litter. Dogs were raised in more than 1 area of the United States. One died without evidence of renal disease when it was 3 years old. At 8 years of age, 2 dogs developed signs of uremia, including polyuria, polydipsia, and infrequent episodes of anorexia and vomiting. Serum biochemical variables and urine specific gravity values were consistent with renal azotemia. Both dogs had proteinuria. Although healthy, 3 of the 4 remaining Beagles had proteinuria. Of these 3, only 1 was azotemic. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was diagnosed on the basis of results of histologic examination of renal biopsy specimens from 4 of the dogs. Electron microscopy performed on 3 of the renal biopsy specimens revealed identical lesions, consisting of an extremely thickened glomerular basement membrane with multilaminar splitting. Immunoglobulin or amyloid deposits were not detected. On the basis of similar clinicopathologic abnormalities, common genetic background, and identical histopathologic and electron microscopic findings, familial renal disease was diagnosed. Additional studies involving other related Beagles are needed to identify the hereditary nature of membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy in Beagles. DA - 2000/1// PY - 2000/1// DO - 10.2460/javma.2000.216.46 VL - 216 IS - 1 SP - 46-50 J2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association LA - en OP - SN - 0003-1488 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.216.46 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Correlation of transforming growth factor-beta messenger RNA (TGF-beta mRNA) expression with cellular immunoassays in triamcinolone-treated captive hybrid striped bass AU - Harms, CA AU - Ottinger, CA AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, S T2 - JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH AB - Assessing fish immune status with molecular markers has been hampered by a lack of specific reagents. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method (reverse transcription quantitative-competitive PCR, RT-qcPCR) for measuring transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) transcription from a broad range of teleost fish has recently been developed. The quantitative PCR now permits monitoring production of this important immunosuppressive cytokine in response to immunomodulating agents and conditions. We examined anterior kidney and spleen mononuclear cells from hybrid striped bass (female striped bass Morone saxatilis × male white bass M. chrysops) for production of TGF-β messenger RNA (mRNA) in response to administration of the synthetic glucocorticoid triamcinolone. We also compared TGF-β transcription with anterior kidney macrophage bactericidal activity and splenic lymphocyte blastogenesis. Anterior kidney mononuclear cell TGF-β mRNA levels decreased, whereas bactericidal activity increased. Spleen TGF-β mRNA levels did not change significantly, and splenic lymphocyte pokeweed mitogen stimulation index increased in triamcinolone-treated fish. Since triamcinolone is used therapeutically as a suppressive immunomodulator, the enhanced immune functions indicated by the cellular immunoassays were unexpected; however, the inverse response of TGF-β production and macrophage bactericidal activity was consistent with the known relationship between TGF-β and macrophage activation in mammals. Induced immunomodulation in hybrid striped bass was detectable by both traditional cellular immunoassays and the new RT-qcPCR for TGF-β. DA - 2000/3// PY - 2000/3// DO - 10.1577/1548-8667(2000)012<0009:COTGFM>2.0.CO;2 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 9-17 SN - 0899-7659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cardiovascular evidence for an intermediate or higher metabolic rate in an ornithischian dinosaur AU - Fisher, PE AU - Russell, DA AU - Stoskopf, MK AU - Barrick, RE AU - Hammer, M AU - Kuzmitz, AA T2 - SCIENCE AB - Computerized tomography scans of a ferruginous concretion within the chest region of an ornithischian dinosaur reveal structures that are suggestive of a four-chambered heart and a single systemic aorta. The apparently derived condition of the cardiovascular system in turn suggests the existence of intermediate-to-high metabolic rates among dinosaurs. DA - 2000/4/21/ PY - 2000/4/21/ DO - 10.1126/science.288.5465.503 VL - 288 IS - 5465 SP - 503-505 SN - 0036-8075 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Canine parvovirus enteritis - Part 2 AU - Ford, R. B. AU - Garcia, E. AU - MacIntire, D. K. AU - Hoskins, J. AU - Bumbarger, J. AU - Lappin, M. AU - Pidgeon, G. AU - Smith-Carr, S. AU - Sheffield, M. T2 - Canine Practice (Santa Barbara, Calif. : 1990) DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 6-10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impaired mucosal defense to acute colonic injury in mice lacking cyclooxygenase-1 or cyclooxygenase-2 AU - Morteau, O AU - Morham, SG AU - Sellon, R AU - Dieleman, LA AU - Langenbach, R AU - Smithies, O AU - Sartor, RB T2 - JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION AB - To investigate roles in intestinal inflammation for the 2 cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, we determined susceptibility to spontaneous and induced acute colitis in mice lacking either the COX-1 or COX-2 isoform. We treated wild-type, COX-1(-/-), COX-2(-/-), and heterozygous mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to provoke acute colonic inflammation, and we quantified tissue damage, prostaglandin (PG) E(2), and interleukin-1beta. No spontaneous gastrointestinal inflammation was detected in mice homozygous for either mutation, despite almost undetectable basal intestinal PGE(2) production in COX-1(-/-) mice. Both COX-1(-/-) and COX-2(-/-) mice showed increased susceptibility to a low-dose of DSS that caused mild colonic epithelial injury in wild-type mice. COX-2(-/-) mice were more susceptible than COX-1(-/-) mice, and selective pharmacologic blockade of COX-2 potentiated injury in COX-1(-/-) mice. At a high dose, DSS treatment was fatal to 50% of the animals in each mutant group, but all wild-type mice survived. DSS treatment increased PGE(2) intestinal secretion in all groups except COX-2(-/-) mice. These results demonstrate that COX-1 and COX-2 share a crucial role in the defense of the intestinal mucosa (with inducible COX-2 being perhaps more active during inflammation) and that neither isoform is essential in maintaining mucosal homeostasis in the absence of injurious stimuli. DA - 2000/2// PY - 2000/2// DO - 10.1172/JCI6899 VL - 105 IS - 4 SP - 469-478 SN - 1558-8238 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Serum oxytetracycline concentrations in African elephant (Loxodonta africana) calves after long-acting formulation injection AU - Bush, M. AU - Stoskopf, M. K. AU - Raath, J. P. AU - Papich, M. G. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 41-46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond surfing ... searching the Web for veterinary information AU - Ford, R. B. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 22 IS - 6 SP - A30-31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temperature-dependent changes in physiologic parameters of spontaneous canine soft tissue sarcomas after combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia treatment AU - Vujaskovic, Z AU - Poulson, JM AU - Gaskin, AA AU - Thrall, DE AU - Page, RL AU - Charles, HC AU - MacFall, , JR AU - Brizel, DM AU - Meyer, RE AU - Prescott, DM AU - Samulski, TV AU - Dewhirst, MW T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS AB - The objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of hyperthermia on tumor oxygenation, extracellular pH (pHe), and blood flow in 13 dogs with spontaneous soft tissue sarcomas prior to and after local hyperthermia.Tumor pO2 was measured using an Eppendorf polarographic device, pHe using interstitial electrodes, and blood flow using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).There was an overall improvement in tumor oxygenation observed as an increase in median pO2 and decrease in hypoxic fraction (% of pO2 measurements <5 mm Hg) at 24-h post hyperthermia. These changes were most pronounced when the median temperature (T50) during hyperthermia treatment was less than 44 degrees C. Tumors with T50 > 44 degrees C were characterized by a decrease in median PO2 and an increase in hypoxic fraction. Similar thermal dose-related changes were observed in tumor perfusion. Perfusion was significantly higher after hyperthermia. Increases in perfusion were most evident in tumors with T50 < 44 degrees C. With T50 > 44 degrees C, there was no change in perfusion after hyperthermia. On average, pHe values declined in all animals after hyperthermia, with the greatest reduction seen for larger T50 values.This study suggests that hyperthermia has biphasic effects on tumor physiologic parameters. Lower temperatures tend to favor improved perfusion and oxygenation, whereas higher temperatures are more likely to cause vascular damage, thus leading to greater hypoxia. While it has long been recognized that such effects occur in rodent tumors, this is the first report to tie such changes to temperatures achieved during hyperthermia in the clinical setting. Furthermore, it suggests that the thermal threshold for vascular damage is higher in spontaneous tumors than in more rapidly growing rodent tumors. DA - 2000/1/1/ PY - 2000/1/1/ DO - 10.1016/s0360-3016(99)00362-4 VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 179-185 SN - 0360-3016 KW - tumors KW - hyperthermia blood how KW - pO(2) KW - pH KW - thermal dose ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia equi, and Ehrlichia risticii in sick dogs from North Carolina and Virginia AU - Suksawat, J. AU - Hegarty, B. C. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Ehrlichia canis, E equi , and E risticii seroprevalence was determined by microimmunofluorescent antibody testing (IFA) in a sequential population of 1,845 sick dogs admitted during a 1‐year period to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. A seroreactor was defined by a reciprocal IFA titer of ≥80 to E canis, E equi , or E risticii antigens. Of the 48 IFA seroreactors, 44 dogs were seroreactive to E canis , 21 to E equi , and 0 to E risticii. Seventeen dogs reacted to both E canis and E equi antigens. There was concordance of E canis IFA and western immunoblot (WI) test results for 36/44 dogs. Because of cross‐reactivity of E canis sera with E equi antigens, WI was of less utility to confirm E equi exposure. After elimination of E canis seroreactors, there was concordance of 2/4 E equi IFA and WI test results. Based upon a retrospective review of medical records, ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in 10/48 (21%) IFA seroreactive dogs, 9 of which were confirmed positive by WI. Of the remaining 38 IFA seroreactors, 29 also were confirmed by E canis or E equi WI. These results indicate that (1) ehrlichiosis was not diagnosed in the majority of serologically confirmed cases, (2) based upon E canis and E equi WI analysis, IFA testing was not specific (21% false positive), (3) E canis sera cross‐react with E equi antigens, and (4) serologic evidence of E risticii infection was lacking in the dog population studied. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb01499.x VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 50–55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence of Bartonella henselae Antibody in Florida Panthers AU - Rotstein, David S. AU - Taylor, Sharon K. AU - Bradley, Julie AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AB - Serum samples from 28 free-ranging Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) and seven mountain lions from Texas (P. concolor stanleyana) living in south Florida (USA) between 1997 to 1998 were tested for antibodies to Bartonella henselae. Twenty percent (7/35) of the samples were reactive to B. henselae antisera with a subspecies prevalence of 18% (5/ 28) for Florida panthers and 28% (2/7) for cougars from Texas (USA). There was not a significant sex related difference in infection rates among the Florida panthers. Antibody prevalence was higher in panthers <2-yr of age (40%) compared to panthers >2-yr (13%). Compared to studies of antibody prevalence in mountain lions (P. concolor) from California (USA), overall seroprevalence was lower as was prevalence in panthers >2-yr-old. However, the seroprevalence in animals <2-yr from southern Florida was similar to prevalences reported in mountain lions or domestic felids in California. DA - 2000/1// PY - 2000/1// DO - 10.7589/0090-3558-36.1.157 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 157-160 J2 - Journal of Wildlife Diseases LA - en OP - SN - 0090-3558 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-36.1.157 DB - Crossref KW - Bartonellosis KW - Bartonella henselae KW - Florida panther KW - mountain lion KW - Puma concolor coryi KW - Puma concolor stanleyana KW - serology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Histologic and immunohistochemical characterization of lens capsular plaques in dogs with cataracts AU - Colitz, CMH AU - Malarkey, D AU - Dykstra, MJ AU - McGahan, MC AU - Davidson, MG T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - To determine histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of the multifocal adherent plaques that commonly develop on the internal surfaces of the anterior and posterior lens capsules in dogs with cataracts.31 anterior and 4 posterior capsular specimens collected during lens extraction surgery in dogs with cataracts.Specimens were evaluated, using light and transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to localize cytokeratin, vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle-specific actin, fibronectin, tenascin, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) within plaques.Histologically, plaques comprised elongated spindle-shaped cells that formed a placoid mass. Cells were embedded in an extracellular matrix containing collagen fibrils, often with duplicated or split basement membranes. Immunohistochemically, normal lens epithelial cells and cells within plaques stained for vimentin. Most cells and some areas of the extracellular matrix within plaques stained for TGF-beta and alpha-smooth muscle-specific actin. Fibronectin and tenascin were also detected in the extracellular matrix.Canine lens capsular plaques are histologically and immunohistochemically similar to posterior capsule opacification and subcapsular cataracts in humans, which suggests that the canine condition, like the human conditions, is associated with fibrous metaplasia of lens epithelial cells. Transforming growth factor-beta may play a role in the genesis of capsular plaques. Because severity of plaques was correlated with stage of cataract development, earlier surgical removal of cataracts may be useful to avoid complications associated with plaque formation. DA - 2000/2// PY - 2000/2// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.139 VL - 61 IS - 2 SP - 139-143 SN - 0002-9645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Granulomatous disease associated with Bartonella infection in 2 dogs AU - Pappalardo, BL AU - Brown, T AU - Gookin, JL AU - Morrill, CL AU - Breitschwerdt, EB T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - Shortly after removal of an engorged tick from the left ear, a 4-year-old Greyhound was referred for evaluation of fever and a rapidly enlarging mass in the region of the left submandibular lymph node. Histopathologic evaluation of the lymph node resulted in a diagnosis of severe granulomatous lymphadenitis. An 11-year-old mixed-breed dog was referred for evaluation of a 6-week history of serous nasal discharge. Histologic examination of a surgical biopsy from a nasal mass indicated multifocal granulomatous inflammation with fibrosis. Serum samples obtained from both dogs were reactive by immunofluorescent assay to Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii antigens (reciprocal titers of 128). Although Bartonella organisms were not isolated by lysis centrifugation blood culture, Bartonella DNA was amplified from tissue samples obtained from each dog (lymph node biopsy from dog 1 and nasal biopsy from dog 2) using primers that amplify a portion of the 16S rRNA gene followed by Southern blot hybridization using a genus-specific probe. Additionally, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of a Bartonella-specific citrate synthase gene product obtained from dog 2 resulted in a restriction pattern identical to B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii. This is the 1st report of granulomatous disease in dogs associated with Bartonella infection. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2000)014<0037:GDAWII>2.3.CO;2 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 37-42 SN - 0891-6640 KW - canine KW - infectious KW - lymphadenopathy KW - pathology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Food hypersensitivity reactions in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers with protein-losing enteropathy or protein-losing nephropathy or both: Gastroscopic food sensitivity testing, dietary provocation, and fecal immunoglobulin E AU - Vaden, SL AU - Hammerberg, B AU - Davenport, DJ AU - Orton, SM AU - Trogdon, MM AU - Melgarejo, LT AU - VanCamp, SD AU - Williams, DA T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers (SCWTs) affected with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) or protein-losing nephropathy (PLN) or both for allergy to food. We performed gastroscopic food-sensitivity testing, a provocative dietary trial, and measurement of fecal immunoglobulin E (IgE) in 6 SCWTs affected with PLE or PLN or both. Positive gastroscopic food-sensitivity test reactions were noted in 5 of 6 dogs. Positive reactions were found to milk in 4 dogs, to lamb in 2 dogs, and to wheat and chicken each in 1 dog. Adverse reactions to food (diarrhea, vomiting, or pruritus) were detected in all 6 dogs during the provocative dietary trial. Adverse reactions were found to corn in 5 dogs, to tofu in 3 dogs, to cottage cheese in 2 dogs, to milk in 2 dogs, to farina cream of wheat in 2 dogs, and to lamb in 2 dogs. Serum albumin concentrations significantly decreased and fecal alpha1-protease inhibitor concentration significantly increased 4 days after the provocative trial when compared with baseline values. Antigen-specific fecal IgE varied throughout the provocative trial, with peak levels following ingestion of test meals. We conclude that food hypersensitivities are present in SCWTs affected with the syndrome of PLE/PLN. Mild inflammatory bowel disease was already established in the 6 SCWTs of this report at the time of study, making it impossible to determine if food allergies were the cause or result of the enteric disease. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2000)014<0060:FHRISC>2.3.CO;2 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 60-67 SN - 0891-6640 KW - food allergy KW - glomerulonephritis KW - inflammatory bowel disease ER - TY - BOOK TI - Fish disease: Diagnosis and treatment AU - Noga, E. J. CN - SH171 .N64 2000 DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - Ames: Iowa State University SN - 081382558X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Familial protein-losing enteropathy and protein-losing nephropathy in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers: 222 cases (1983-1997) AU - Littman, MP AU - Dambach, DM AU - Vaden, SL AU - Giger, U T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - Records and pedigrees of Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers (SCWT) with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) or protein-losing nephropathy (PLN) were studied retrospectively. Criteria for inclusion were defined based on analysis of blood (panhypoproteinemia for PLE, hypoalbuminemia for PLN) and urine (proteinuria for PLN) and histopathologic examination of tissue. Two hundred twenty-two affected dogs (female:male ratio = 1.6, P < .001) were clinically identified. Dogs were diagnosed with PLE earlier (P < .005; mean +/- SD age: 4.7+/-2.6 years, n = 76) than with PLN (6.3+/-2.0 years, n = 84) or with both diseases (5.9+/-2.2 years, n = 62). Clinical signs included vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, pleural and peritoneal effusions, and less commonly thromboembolic disease. Dogs with PLE generally had panhypoproteinemia and hypocholesterolemia; intestinal lesions included inflammatory bowel disease, dilated lymphatics, and lipogranulomatous lymphangitis. Dogs with PLN generally had hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, hypercholesterolemia, and azotemia; renal lesions typically showed chronic glomerulonephritis/glomerulosclerosis, and less commonly endstage renal disease. Dogs with combined PLE/PLN had intermediate mean values (P < .001) for serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and cholesterol but had a higher mean urine protein:creatinine ratio than did PLN dogs (P < .05); intestinal and renal lesions in these dogs were similar to those in the other groups. Two dogs had incidental mild renal dysplasia. Pedigree analysis from 188 dogs demonstrated a common male ancestor, although the mode of inheritance is unknown. Both PLE and PLN are common diseases in this small breed population. The prognosis is poor. Compared with previously reported intestinal and renal diseases in dogs, a new, distinctive familial predisposition for both PLE and PLN has been recognized in the SCWT breed. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2000)014<0068:FPLEAP>2.3.CO;2 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 68-80 SN - 0891-6640 KW - glomerulonephritis KW - inflammatory bowel disease KW - lymphangiectasia KW - lymphangitis ER - TY - JOUR TI - A spontaneously arising porcine model of bullous pemphigoid AU - Olivry, T AU - Mirsky, ML AU - Singleton, W AU - Dunston, SM AU - Borrillo, AKG AU - Xu, LT AU - Traczyk, T AU - Rosolia, DL AU - Chan, LS T2 - ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGICAL RESEARCH DA - 2000/1// PY - 2000/1// DO - 10.1007/pl00007459 VL - 292 IS - 1 SP - 37-45 SN - 0340-3696 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034023155&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - basement membrane zone KW - bullous pemphigoid KW - pig ER - TY - JOUR TI - Equine bullous pemphigoid IgG autoantibodies target linear epitopes in the NC16A ectodomain of collagen XVII (BP180, BPAG2) AU - Olivry, T AU - Borrillo, AKG AU - Xu, LT AU - Dunston, SM AU - Slovis, NM AU - Affolter, VK AU - DeManuelle, TC AU - Chan, LS T2 - VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AB - Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepithelial blistering dermatosis of humans, dogs, cats and pigs. It is characterized by skin-fixed and circulating IgG autoantibodies that target one or both BP antigens. An immunological homologue of BP in humans was diagnosed in two horses with cutaneous and mucosal ulcerations as well as microscopic subepithelial vesiculation. Immunological investigations revealed similar findings for both the horses. Direct immunofluorescence demonstrated the presence of IgG deposited linearly at the dermoepidermal junction in mucosal and skin biopsy specimens. Indirect immunofluorescence testing confirmed the existence of circulating basement membrane-specific IgG autoantibodies. Using intact and salt-split epithelial substrates, serum IgG were shown to target antigens situated not only at the basal, but also at the lateral and apical aspects of stratum basale keratinocytes. Immunoblotting and ELISA corroborated that the IgG from affected horses, but not those from normal controls, exhibited high immunoreactivity against the NC16A extracellular domain of type XVII collagen (BPAG2, BP180). Equine BP could be proposed, therefore, as another spontaneous model of this most common basement membrane autoimmune dermatosis of humans. DA - 2000/1/31/ PY - 2000/1/31/ DO - 10.1016/S0165-2427(99)00151-8 VL - 73 IS - 1 SP - 45-52 SN - 1873-2534 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033982506&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - autoimmunity KW - basement membrane zone KW - bullous pemphigoid KW - horse ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trombiculid mites (Hannemania sp.) in canyon tree frogs (Hylaarenicolor) AU - Sladky, K. K. AU - Norton, T. M. AU - Loomis, M. R. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 570-575 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Toxoplasmosis AU - Davidson, MG T2 - VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE AB - Toxoplasma gondii is a potential cause of anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, or retinitis in a number of animal species, most commonly the cat. Chorioretinitis is often seen in cats with evidence of generalized toxoplasmosis. Additionally, T. gondii has been incriminated in many cases of idiopathic anterior uveitis in cats, although this is a controversial issue and the parasite may be capable of inciting an immune-mediated inflammation in ocular tissues. Despite recent advances in diagnostic techniques and new antiprotozoal pharmacologic agents, ocular toxoplasmosis remains a difficult disease to diagnose and treat. DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1016/S0195-5616(00)05006-3 VL - 30 IS - 5 SP - 1051-+ SN - 0195-5616 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The relationship between intracellular and extracellular pH in spontaneous canine tumors AU - Prescott, D. M. AU - Charles, H. C. AU - Poulson, J. M. AU - Page, R. L. AU - Thrall, D. E. AU - Vujaskovic, Z. AU - Dewhirst, M. W. T2 - Clinical Cancer Research DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 6 IS - 6 SP - 2501-2505 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Skin ulcers in fish: Pfiesteria and other etiologies AU - Noga, E. J. T2 - Toxicologic Pathology AB - Skin ulcers on fish are one of the most well-recognized indicators of polluted or otherwise stressed aquatic environments. In recent years, skin ulcer epidemics have been either experimentally or epidemiologically linked to exposure to a number of xenobiotic chemicals as well as to biotoxins. Some of these agents, such as toxins produced by the dinoflagellate alga Pfiesteria, have led to serious concerns about the health of aquatic ecosystems, such as estuaries along the east coast of the United States. However, a number of other risk factors besides Pfiesteria have been shown to damage epithelium and may also play important roles in skin ulcer pathogenesis. In addition, increasing evidence indicates that not only may skin damage occur via direct contact with toxins, but it may also be induced indirectly from physiological changes that result from exposure not only to toxins but also to other environmental stressors, such as pH and temperature extremes. The multifactorial pathways that operate at both the ecological and the organismal levels as well as the nonspecific response of the skin to insults make it very challenging to link epidemic skin ulcers to any single cause in natural aquatic populations. Consequently, using pathology to unequivocally identify the specific cause of a lesion (eg. Pfiesteria exposure) is not a valid approach. Only with an increased understanding of the basic mechanisms leading to skin damage (including development of specific biomarkers for specific toxins), along with a better understanding of ecological processes operating in these environments, will we be able to discern the relative importance of various risk factors in skin ulcer development. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1177/019262330002800607 VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 807-823 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phylogenetic-comparative analysis of the eukaryal ribonuclease P RNA AU - Frank, DN AU - Adami, C AU - Ehringer, MA AU - Pitulle, C AU - Pace, NR T2 - RNA AB - Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is the ribonucleoprotein enzyme that cleaves 5'-leader sequences from precursor-tRNAs. Bacterial and eukaryal RNase P RNAs differ fundamentally in that the former, but not the latter, are capable of catalyzing pre-tRNA maturation in vitro in the absence of proteins. An explanation of these functional differences will be assisted by a detailed comparison of bacterial and eukaryal RNase P RNA structures. However, the structures of eukaryal RNase P RNAs remain poorly characterized, compared to their bacterial and archaeal homologs. Hence, we have taken a phylogenetic-comparative approach to refine the secondary structures of eukaryal RNase P RNAs. To this end, 20 new RNase P RNA sequences have been determined from species of ascomycetous fungi representative of the genera Arxiozyma, Clavispora, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Saccharomycopsis, Torulaspora, Wickerhamia, and Zygosaccharomyces. Phylogenetic-comparative analysis of these and other sequences refines previous eukaryal RNase P RNA secondary structure models. Patterns of sequence conservation and length variation refine the minimum-consensus model of the core eukaryal RNA structure. In comparison to bacterial RNase P RNAs, the eukaryal homologs lack RNA structural elements thought to be critical for both substrate binding and catalysis. Nonetheless, the eukaryal RNA retains the main features of the catalytic core of the bacterial RNase P. This indicates that the eukaryal RNA remains intrinsically a ribozyme. DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// DO - 10.1017/S1355838200001461 VL - 6 IS - 12 SP - 1895-1904 SN - 1469-9001 KW - ribozyme KW - RNA processing KW - tRNA ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ocular lesions associated with systemic hypertension in cats: 69 cases (1985-1998) AU - Maggio, F AU - DeFrancesco, TC AU - Atkins, CE AU - Pizzirani, S AU - Gilger, BC AU - Davidson, MG T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - Abstract Objective —To characterize clinical and clinicopathologic findings, response to treatment, and causes of systemic hypertension in cats with hypertensive retinopathy. Design —Retrospective study. Animals —69 cats with hypertensive retinopathy. Procedure —Medical records from cats with systemic hypertension and hypertensive retinopathy were reviewed. Results —Most cats (68.1%) were referred because of vision loss; retinal detachment, hemorrhage, edema, and degeneration were common findings. Cardiac abnormalities were detected in 37 cats, and neurologic signs were detected in 20 cats. Hypertension was diagnosed concurrently with chronic renal failure (n = 22), hyperthyroidism (5), diabetes mellitus (2), and hyperaldosteronism (1). A clearly identifiable cause for hypertension was not detected in 38 cats; 26 of these cats had mild azotemia, and 12 did not have renal abnormalities. Amlodipine decreased blood pressure in 31 of 32 cats and improved ocular signs in 18 of 26 cats. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Retinal lesions, caused predominantly by choroidal injury, are common in cats with hypertension. Primary hypertension in cats may be more common than currently recognized. Hypertension should be considered in older cats with acute onset of blindness; retinal edema, hemorrhage, or detachment; cardiac disease; or neurologic abnormalities. Cats with hypertensioninduced ocular disease should be evaluated for renal failure, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac abnormalities. Blood pressure measurements and funduscopic evaluations should be performed routinely in cats at risk for hypertension (preexisting renal disease, hyperthyroidism, and age > 10 years). Amlodipine is an effective antihypertensive agent in cats.( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;217:695–702) DA - 2000/9/1/ PY - 2000/9/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.2000.217.695 VL - 217 IS - 5 SP - 695-702 SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mycotic keratitis in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) AU - Hoppes, S AU - Gurfield, N AU - Flammer, K AU - Colitz, C AU - Fisher, P T2 - JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY AB - Mycotic keratitis is most commonly reported in horses and humans and is rarely reported in birds. We diagnosed mycotic keratitis, localized to the left eye, in an adult blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva). The ophthalmic examination revealed a diffuse yellow-green haze encompassing the entire surface of the left cornea. Diffuse fluorescein uptake occurred in the entire cornea. The right eye appeared normal. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated on conjunctival culture. The affected eye was enucleated because of the bird's discomfort and the poor prognosis for successful treatment. Histopathologic examination revealed a severe granulomatous keratitis with intracorneal fungal hyphae and corneal perforation. Multinucleated giant cells and fungal hyphae were present within the anterior chamber. Aspergillus fumigatus is an uncommon cause of keratitis in birds but should be considered as a potential cause of refractory ulcers. DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1647/1082-6742(2000)014[0185:MKIABF]2.0.CO;2 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 185-189 SN - 1082-6742 KW - aspergillosis KW - keratomycosis KW - mycotic endophthalmitis KW - blue-fronted Amazon parrot KW - Amazona aestiva ER - TY - JOUR TI - First-year cohort dynamics and overwinter mortality of juvenile largemouth bass AU - Jackson, , JR AU - Noble, RL T2 - TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY AB - Relative year-class size of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides following recruitment through the first winter can depend upon a variety of life history events. Shoreline electrofishing was used to assess juvenile largemouth bass cohort dynamics from school dispersal through the yearling stage in Jordan Lake, North Carolina, 1987–1995. Measures of environmental conditions and dynamics of juvenile shad Dorosoma spp. were collected concurrently to assess their potential effects on cohort dynamics of juvenile largemouth bass. Abundance of age-0 largemouth bass at the time cohort mean lengths reached 50 mm varied significantly among years, as did growth rates and mortality from July through October. No environmental or shad effects on largemouth bass growth or mortality were detected. Overwinter mortality rates did not vary among years, despite a 50-mm difference among years in largemouth bass mean lengths going into late fall, and little evidence was found to indicate significant size-selective overwinter mortality. Despite significant differences in first-year growth rates and cohort mean lengths entering the first winter, mortality rates of young largemouth bass from school dispersal through the yearling stage did not differ among years, suggesting that variations in cohort dynamics did not act to override initial differences in relative year-class size. DA - 2000/5// PY - 2000/5// DO - 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0716:FYCDAO>2.3.CO;2 VL - 129 IS - 3 SP - 716-726 SN - 1548-8659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feline heartworm disease AU - Ford, R. B. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 22 IS - 9 SP - 816 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cladosporiosis in a tomato clownfish (Amphiprion frenatus) AU - Silphaduang, U. AU - Hatai, K. AU - Wada, S. AU - Noga, E. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 259-261 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Arthrodesis of the elbow in three cats AU - Moak, P. C. AU - Lewis, D. D. AU - Roe, Simon AU - Haan, J. J. De T2 - Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology AB - Summary Severe disorders of the elbow in three cats were treated with arthrodesis. Fusion for two cats was achieved with bone plate application on the caudal aspect of the elbow. A modified trans-articular external skeletal fixator was used for arthrodesis of one elbow. All three elbows progressed to arthrodesis. One cat fractured the radius and ulna distal to the plate following arthrodesis; the forelimb was eventually amputated following additional complications. The remaining two cats were intermittently weight-bearing on the involved forelimb with marked circumduction of the limb during the swing phase of the stride, but the owners perceived their cats to be free of pain. Arthrodesis of the elbow is an alternative to amputation in order to achieve pain relief and limb salvage following severe elbow disorders in cats. However, limb function in these three cats was severely compromised. Arthrodesis has been described as a salvage procedure for orthopaedic disorders of the elbow in dogs. This report describes the indications, surgical techniques, and clinical results of elbow arthrodesis in three cats. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1055/s-0038-1632651 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 149–153 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Veterinary dentistry AU - Ford, R. B. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 22 IS - 7 SP - 686-688 ER - TY - PCOMM TI - Untitled AU - Atkins, C. E. AU - DeFrancesco, T. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// SP - 471 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards evidence-based veterinary medicine AU - Keene, BW T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 14, Issue 2 p. 118-119 Open Access Editorial: Towards Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine Bruce W. Keene DVM, MSc, Bruce W. Keene DVM, MSc Diplomate, ACVIM, Cardiology Associate Professor of Cardiology Director, NCSU Veterinary Clinical Trials Program College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University 4700 Hillsborough Street Raleigh, NC 27606 e-mail: Bruce_Keene@ncsu.eduSearch for more papers by this author Bruce W. Keene DVM, MSc, Bruce W. Keene DVM, MSc Diplomate, ACVIM, Cardiology Associate Professor of Cardiology Director, NCSU Veterinary Clinical Trials Program College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University 4700 Hillsborough Street Raleigh, NC 27606 e-mail: Bruce_Keene@ncsu.eduSearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02223.xCitations: 29AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume14, Issue2March 2000Pages 118-119 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02223.x VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 118-119 SN - 0891-6640 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Poisoned pets: How to handle toxicologic emergencies AU - Steelman-Szymeczek, S. M. T2 - Veterinary Technician DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 23 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Oil fly ash-induced elevation of plasma fibrinogen levels in rats AU - Gardner, SY AU - Lehmann, , JR AU - Costa, DL T2 - TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES AB - Particulate matter air pollution (PM) has been associated with morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke in humans. It has been hypothesized that alveolar inflammation, resulting from exposure to PM, may induce a state of blood hypercoagulability, triggering cardiovascular events in susceptible individuals. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated acute lung injury with alveolar inflammation in rats following exposure to residual oil fly ash (ROFA), an emission source particulate. In addition, increased mortality has been documented following exposure to ROFA in rats with preexistent cardiopulmonary disease. ROFA's toxicity derives from its soluble metal content, which appears also to drive the toxicity of ambient PM. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that exposure of rats to a toxic PM, like ROFA, would adversely alter hemostatic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors thought to be involved in human epidemiologic findings. Sixty-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by intratracheal instillation (IT) to varying doses (0.3, 1. 7, or 8.3 mg/kg) of ROFA, 8.3 mg/kg Mt. Saint Helen's volcanic ash (MSH, control particle), or 0.3 ml saline (SAL, control). At 24 h post-IT, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), plasma fibrinogen (PF), plasma viscosity (PV), and complete blood count (CBC) were performed on venous blood samples. No differences from control were detected in APTT and PT in ROFA-exposed rats; however, ROFA exposure did result in elevated PF, at 8.3 mg/kg only. In addition, PV values were elevated in both ROFA and MSH-exposed rats relative to SAL-control rats, but not significantly. Although no changes were detected in APTT and PT, alteration of important hematologic parameters (notably fibrinogen) through PM induction of an inflammatory response may serve as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in susceptible individuals. DA - 2000/7// PY - 2000/7// DO - 10.1093/toxsci/56.1.175 VL - 56 IS - 1 SP - 175-180 SN - 1096-6080 KW - particle KW - air pollution KW - lung KW - plasma fibrinogen KW - plasma viscosity KW - coagulation KW - particulate matter KW - residual oil fly ash KW - Mt. Saint Helen's volcanic ash KW - alveolitis KW - coagulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - M6P/IGF2R imprinting evolution in mammals AU - Killian, JK AU - Byrd, JC AU - Jirtle, JV AU - Munday, BL AU - Stoskopf, MK AU - MacDonald, RG T2 - MOLECULAR CELL AB - Imprinted gene identification in animals has been limited to eutherian mammals, suggesting a significant role for intrauterine fetal development in the evolution of imprinting. We report herein that M6P/IGF2R is not imprinted in monotremes and does not encode for a receptor that binds IGF2. In contrast, M6P/IGF2R is imprinted in a didelphid marsupial, the opossum, but it strikingly lacks the differentially methylated CpG island in intron 2 postulated to be involved in imprint control. Thus, invasive placentation and gestational fetal growth are not required for imprinted genes to evolve. Unless there was convergent evolution of M6P/ IGF2R imprinting and receptor IGF2 binding in marsupials and eutherians, our results also demonstrate that these two functions evolved in a mammalian clade exclusive of monotremes. DA - 2000/4// PY - 2000/4// DO - 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80249-X VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 707-716 SN - 1097-2765 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lameness examination of the hindlimbs of horses AU - Redding, W. R. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 22 IS - 7 SP - 694-701 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hepatic abscesses in three horses AU - Sellon, DC AU - Spaulding, K AU - Breuhaus, BA AU - Katz, L AU - Mealey, R T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - Hepatic abscesses were diagnosed in 3 adult horses. Two were < 4 years old and had evidence of concurrent immune-mediated conditions, including aseptic arthritis, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, and immune-mediated anemia. Predisposing factors for hepatic abscess formation in these horses included prior abdominal surgery, proximal duodenitis/jejunitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and a penetrating foreign body in the large colon. Serum hepatic enzyme activities were within or slightly greater then reference limits in all 3 horses. The most pronounced and consistent abnormalities on CBC and serum biochemical analyses were hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, and a decreased albumin-to-globulin concentration ratio. Hepatic ultrasonography identified hepatic abscesses in all 3 horses. A variety of bacteria were isolated from these abscesses, including Staphylococus aureus and Bacteroides fragilis. One horse developed septic tibiotarsal arthritis, presumably as a result of intermittent bacteremia. Despite aggressive medical treatment, all horses were euthanatized because of a worsening condition and poor prognosis. DA - 2000/3/15/ PY - 2000/3/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.2000.216.882 VL - 216 IS - 6 SP - 882-+ SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate AU - Davidson, G. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 22 IS - 5 SP - 454 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of surgical technique on in vitro posterior capsule opacification AU - Davidson, MG AU - Morgan, DK AU - McGahan, MC T2 - JOURNAL OF CATARACT AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY AB - To compare the effect of different cataract extraction surgical techniques on residual lens epithelial cell (LEC) density and cell regrowth rates using an in vitro model of posterior capsule opacification (PCO).Comparative Ophthalmology Research Laboratories, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.Lens capsule explants were prepared from freshly enucleated canine globes after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), phacoemulsification, or phacoemulsification followed by capsule vacuuming. Initial cell density on the capsule and cell proliferation were determined by phase contrast microscopy. The effects of the surgical technique on time to confluent growth of the cells across the posterior lens capsule were determined.Residual cell density on the remaining anterior capsule immediately after lens removal was 31.6% +/- 19.3%, 16.1% +/- 8.9%, and 7.7% +/- 5.7% in the ECCE, phacoemulsification, and phacoemulsification/capsule-vacuuming groups, respectively. Time to confluence (range 5.0 to 6.3 days) was not significantly different among the 3 groups when the lens capsules were cultured in serum-supplemented media. The confluence rate was significantly longer (by approximately 5 to 7 days) in the phacoemulsification/capsule-vacuuming group than in the other 2 groups when the capsules were cultured in serum-free media.Phacoemulsification with and without anterior and equatorial capsular vacuuming led to less initial LEC density in the capsular bag than ECCE. However, because cell proliferation rates among the 3 groups were only marginally affected, near 100% removal of LEC at the time of cataract extraction may be necessary to prevent PCO. DA - 2000/10// PY - 2000/10// DO - 10.1016/S0886-3350(99)00451-4 VL - 26 IS - 10 SP - 1550-1554 SN - 0886-3350 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Canine separation anxiety AU - Simpson, B. S. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 328-338 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Basic psittacine pediatrics AU - Edling, T. M. T2 - Veterinary Medicine DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 95 IS - 5 SP - 378 ER -