TY - JOUR TI - Putting ‘Wobblers’ Back on Track — Part 1 AU - Nettifee Osborne, J.A. AU - Sharp, Nicholas J.H. T2 - Veterinary Technician DA - 1998/7// PY - 1998/7// VL - 19 IS - 7 SP - 449–459, 485 ER - TY - MGZN TI - The Power of One AU - Nettifee Osborne, J.A. T2 - CVM Magazine DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Putting ‘Wobblers’ Back on Track — Part II AU - Nettifee Osborne, J.A. AU - Sharp, Nicholas J.H. T2 - Veterinary Technician DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 19 IS - 8 SP - 519–527 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Obstructive conditions of the large intestine AU - Jones, S.L. AU - Snyder, J.R. AU - Spier, S. T2 - Equine Internal Medicine A2 - Bayly, W. A2 - Reed, S. PY - 1998/// SP - 682–694 PB - WB Saunders SN - 9780721635248 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Inflammatory diseases of the large intestine causing diarrhea AU - Jones, S.L. AU - Spier, S. T2 - Equine Internal Medicine A2 - Bayly, W. A2 - Reed, S. PY - 1998/// SP - 663–682 PB - WB Saunders SN - 9780721635248 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Pathophysiology of colonic inflammation and diarrhea AU - Jones, S.L. AU - Spier, S. A2 - Bayly, W. A2 - Reed, S. PY - 1998/// SP - 660–663 PB - WB Saunders SN - 9780721635248 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Examination for disorders of the large intestine AU - Jones, S.L. AU - Snyder, J.R. AU - Spier, S. T2 - Equine Internal Medicine A2 - Bayly, W. A2 - Reed, S. PY - 1998/// SP - 655–660 PB - WB Saunders SN - 9780721635248 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Physiology of the large intestine AU - Jones, S.L. AU - Snyder, J.R. AU - Spier, S. T2 - Equine internal medicine A2 - Bayly, W. A2 - Reed, S. PY - 1998/// SP - 651–655 PB - WB Saunders SN - 9780721635248 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Pathophysiology of intestinal injury AU - Jones, S.L. AU - Snyder, J.R. AU - Spier, S. T2 - Equine Internal Medicine A2 - Bayly, W. A2 - Reed, S. PY - 1998/// SP - 636-639 PB - WB Saunders SN - 9780721635248 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Self-Assessment Colour Review of Ornamental Fish AU - Lewbart, G.A. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Manson Publishing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Doppler echocardiography. I. Pulsed-wave and continuous-wave examinations. AU - Bonagura, J.D. AU - Miller, M.W. AU - Darke, P.G. T2 - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice AB - Doppler echocardiography is a specialized processing of cardiac ultrasound that is characterized by a continuously updated display of blood velocity during the cardiac cycle. Doppler examinations, which include color-coded Doppler echocardiography, pulsed-wave examination, and continuous-wave studies, are readily applicable to veterinary patients. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/S0195-5616(98)50126-X VL - 28 IS - 6 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032197615&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acetylcholine is a vasodilator of porcine skeletal muscle arteries AU - Harold Laughlin, M. AU - M. McAllister, R. AU - Jasperse, J.L. AU - Hitchcock, L.S. AU - Bonagura, J.D. T2 - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology AB - The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that porcine skeletal muscle arteries exhibit concentration-dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine (ACH) as observed in other mammals. We conducted three experiments. First, vasorelaxation responses to ACH were examined in isolated segments of femoral and brachial arteries, mounted on myographs and studied in vitro. Second, we determined whether resistance arteries from porcine skeletal muscle exhibit vasodilation in response to ACH by isolating second order arterioles (2-A) from the medial (MHT), deep-long (LOH) and lateral (LAT) heads of the triceps brachii muscles of four pigs. The rationale for selection of arterioles from these muscles was that these muscles represent muscles composed primarily of slow-oxidative, fast-oxidative-glycolytic, and fast-glycolytic muscle fiber types, respectively. 2-As were isolated and cannulated with micropipettes and intraluminal pressure set at 60 cm H2O. In both sets of in vitro experiments, we determined responses to an endothelium-independent dilator, sodium nitroprusside (10−10–10−4 M), and to endothelium-dependent agents ACH (10−10–10−4 M), and bradykinin (BK; 10−11–10−6 M). Third, we used transcutaneous ultrasound imaging to measure changes in artery diameters and Doppler-principle measurements of blood flow velocities to estimate changes in total blood flow in the femoral vascular bed. Results reveal that ACH and BK produced similar vasorelaxation responses in femoral and brachial arteries and vasodilation of skeletal muscle 2-As. Also, ACH produced increases in blood flow and decreases in vascular resistance in the femoral vascular bed. These results indicate that the arterial tree of porcine skeletal muscle exhibits ACH-induced, endothelium-dependent vasodilation. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10035-1 VL - 120 IS - 2 SP - 345-354 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032075780&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Doppler Echocardiography II AU - Bonagura, John D. AU - Miller, Matthew W. T2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice AB - Color Doppler imaging (CDI) is a sophisticated form of ultrasound technology that overlays blood flow and velocity information onto a B-mode, two-dimensional, gray-scale image. This imaging technique—also called color Doppler echocardiography, color-coded Doppler, Doppler color-flow imaging, and color-flow imaging—is a type of pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography. Because the anatomical site of received Doppler-shift information can be readily determined, CDI is useful for documenting normal blood flow patterns and screening the heart and great vessels for areas of abnormal flow. DA - 1998/11// PY - 1998/11// DO - 10.1016/s0195-5616(98)50127-1 VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 1361-1389 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032197822&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Normal variation in, and effect of 2% pilocarpine on, intraocular pressure and pupil size in female horses AU - van der Woerdt, A AU - Gilger, BC AU - Wilkie, DA AU - Strauch, SM AU - Orczeck, SM T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1998/11// PY - 1998/11// VL - 59 IS - 11 SP - 1459–1462 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrolyte disturbances in foals with severe rhabdomyolysis. AU - Perkins, G AU - Valberg, SJ AU - Madigan, JM AU - Carlson, GP AU - Jones, SL T2 - Journal of veterinary internal medicine DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 173–177, UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/9595379 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dermatophytose pustuleuse cornéophilique canine évoquant un pemphigus foliacé AU - Poisson, L. AU - Mueller, R.S. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Pratique Medicale et Chirurgicale de l'Animal de Compagnie DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 229-234 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0012941915&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Canine antibody production in immunodeficient mice reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from hypersensitive dogs AU - DeBoer, D.J. AU - Volk, L.M. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - FASEB Journal DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 12 IS - 5 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33749364042&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Canine epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: Circulating auto antibodies target the aminoterminal non-collagenous (NC1) domain of collagen VII in anchoring fibrils AU - Olivry, T. AU - Fine, J.-D. AU - Dunston, S.M. AU - Chasse, D. AU - Tenorio, A.P. AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. AU - Chen, M. AU - Woodley, D.T. T2 - Veterinary Dermatology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 19-31 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032386680&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Co-administration of DNA encoding interleukin-6 and hemagglutinin confers protection from influenza virus challenge in mice AU - Larsen, D.L. AU - Dybdahl-Sissoko, N. AU - McGregor, M.W. AU - Drape, R. AU - Neumann, V. AU - Swain, W.F. AU - Lunn, D.P. AU - Olsen, C.W. T2 - Journal of Virology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 72 SP - 1704–1708 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Local and systemic isotype-specific antibody responses to equine influenza virus infection versus conventional vaccination AU - Nelson, K.M. AU - Schram, B.R. AU - McGregor, M.W. AU - Olsen, C.W. AU - Lunn, D.P. T2 - Vaccine AB - Inactivated alum-adjuvanted conventional equine influenza virus vaccines are of poor efficacy and offer limited short-term protection against infection. In sharp contrast, natural infection with equine influenza virus confers long-term protective immunity. In order to identify the protective immune responses to equine influenza virus, the influenza virus-specific IgA, IgGa, IgGb, IgGc and IgG(T) antibody responses in nasal secretions and serum induced by natural infection and a commercial vaccine were studied by ELISA. Two groups of four influenza-naive ponies were established. In the natural infection group, ponies received 108.5 EID50 of A/equine/Ky/1/81 by intranasal instillation, were allowed to recover, and then were rechallenged 100 days later. All four ponies exhibited clinical signs of influenza virus infection and viral shedding following primary infection, but were completely protected from challenge infection. Antibody responses to primary infection were characterized by nasal IgA and serum IgGa and IgGb responses. Ponies in the conventional vaccine group received a commercially available vaccine by intramuscular injection followed by a booster injection 3 weeks later. Challenge infection 100 days after vaccination resulted in clinical signs of infection and viral shedding. Antibody responses to vaccination were restricted to serum IgG(T) responses only. These results demonstrate that the protective immunity generated by natural equine influenza virus infection is associated with a mucosal IgA immune response and humoral IgGa and IgGb sub-isotype responses, and that this pattern of response is not generated by conventional vaccines. DA - 1998/8// PY - 1998/8// DO - 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00009-7 VL - 16 IS - 13 SP - 1306-1313 SN - 0264-410X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00009-7 KW - horses KW - influenza virus KW - mucosal immunity ER - TY - CHAP TI - Immunology of Horses and Donkeys AU - Lunn, D.P. AU - Horohov, D.W. AU - Hannant, D. T2 - Handbook of Vertebrate Immunology A2 - Pastoret, P.-P. A2 - Bazin, H. A2 - Griebel, P. A2 - Govaerts, A. PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/b978-012546401-7/50012-3 SP - 343-371 PB - Elsevier SN - 9780125464017 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012546401-7/50012-3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Report of the Second Equine Leucocyte Antigen Workshop, Squaw Valley, California, July 1995 AU - Lunn, D.P AU - Holmes, M.A AU - Antczak, D.F AU - Agerwal, N AU - Baker, Jessica AU - Bendali-Ahcene, S AU - Blanchard-Channell, Myra AU - Byrne, Katherine M AU - Cannizzo, Karen AU - Davis, W AU - Hamilton, Mary Jo AU - Hannant, D AU - Kondo, T AU - Kydd, Julia H AU - Monier, M.C AU - Moore, P.F AU - O'Neil, T AU - Schram, B.R AU - Sheoran, A AU - Stott, J.L AU - Sugiura, T AU - Vagnoni, Karen E T2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AB - The final assignment of antibody clusters for leucocyte antigens and immunoglobulins, as described in detail in Sections 3 and 4, is summarized in Table 4. Together with other mAbs developed outside of ELAW II (Table 9) this pool of reagents represent a powerful array of tools for the study of equine immunity. The Second Equine Leucocyte Antigen Workshop made considerable advances in pursuing the objectives of establishing the specificities of mAbs and achieving consensus on the nomenclature for equine leucocyte and immunoglobulin molecules. Of equal importance, several productive collaborations were fostered among the participating laboratories and observers. Overall, enormous advances have been made in the past decade since mAbs specific for equine leucocyte antigens and immunoglobulins were first reported. There remains enormous scope and need for further studies of equine leucocyte antigens and immunoglobulins, both for the purposes of comparative immunology and for the good of the horse. In the future novel techniques will be required to develop reagents for specific target antigens such as the orthologues of the CD25 or CD45 isoforms. In studies of equine immunoglobulins the functional role of the IgG isotypes must be better established, reagents for IgE must be developed, and cloning of the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes will be essential if the complexities of the IgG sub-isotypes are to be elucidated. The tasks still facing the currently small group of equine immunologists throughout the world remain formidable, and will only be tackled successfully in a spirit of collaboration. DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00160-8 VL - 62 IS - 2 SP - 101-143 J2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology LA - en OP - SN - 0165-2427 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00160-8 DB - Crossref KW - equine KW - leucocyte antigen KW - CD KW - immunoglobulin KW - monoclonal antibody ER - TY - JOUR TI - Monoclonal antibodies to subclass-specific antigenic determinants on equine immunoglobulin gamma chains and their characterization AU - Sheoran, Abhineet S AU - Lunn, D.Paul AU - Holmes, Mark A T2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AB - This paper describes the production of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) identifying the four recognised equine IgG subisotypes IgG, IgGa, IgGb, IgGc and IgG(T). Pure preparations of the subisotypes for use in immunisations and testing were produced using a combination of gel filtration, salt precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and protein A and Protein G affinity chromatography. The specificity of mAbs for the IgG subisotypes was confirmed using ELISA assays, by characterisation of affinity purified proteins recognised by the mAbs, and by Western blotting of equine serum proteins. The expression of equine IgG subisotypes by B cells was examined by flow cytometry using the panel of mAbs. DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00162-1 VL - 62 IS - 2 SP - 153-165 J2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology LA - en OP - SN - 0165-2427 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00162-1 DB - Crossref KW - horses KW - immunglobulins KW - antigens ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of colostral ingestion on immunoglobulin-positive cells in calves AU - Aldridge, B.M AU - McGuirk, S.M AU - Lunn, D.P T2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AB - The importance of colostrum for passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulin in calves is well established. Colostrum is thought to have additional generalized and antigen-specific immunomodulatory activities, of which the downregulation of endogenous immunoglobulin production is best documented. The objective of this study was to examine whether ingestion of colostrum altered the B cell subpopulations in the lymph nodes of newborn calves. Calves were fed one gallon of either fresh colostrum (Group A, n=5), milk replacer (Group B, n=5) or treated (frozen or irradiated) colostrum (Group D, n=4) and were euthanized at 36–48 h. An additional 5 calves (Group C, 3 newborn and 2 mid-term fetuses) did not receive any feedings; the neonatal calves were euthanized immediately following birth. Mesenteric and regional lymph nodes from all calves were analyzed by immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies recognizing bovine IgA, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM. Calves from Groups B and C (colostrum deprived, neonates, and fetuses) showed a consistent pattern of IgG1 and IgG2 positive cells scattered individually and in clusters throughout lymph node cortex, paracortex, and cortico–medullary junction. In sharp contrast, no IgG1 and IgG2 positive cells were present in the lymphoid tissues of colostrum fed calves (Groups A or D). Numbers of IgM and IgA positive cells were similarly distributed in all calf groups. These findings demonstrate that colostrum feeding reduces the number of immunoglobulin positive cells in the lymphoid tissues of newborn calves in an isotype-specific manner. This results in the elimination of IgG1 and IgG2 positive cells that are present in both fetuses and newborn calves. This effect is not eliminated by freezing or irradiation, indicating that a non-cellular, cold-stable colostral factor is responsible. Systemically distributed colostral proteins such as immunoglobulin or cytokines are the most likely mediators. The significance of this phenomenon in terms of colostral modulation of calf endogenous antibody production is discussed. DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00158-x VL - 62 IS - 1 SP - 51-64 J2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology LA - en OP - SN - 0165-2427 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00158-x DB - Crossref KW - calves KW - immunity KW - colostrum KW - B-cells KW - immunohistochemistry KW - immunomodulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antibody selection for immunohistochemical survey of equine tissue AU - Kalsow, C.M. AU - Albrecht, T.R. AU - Steinberg, N.P. AU - Lunn, D.P. T2 - Journal of Comparative Pathology AB - Immunohistochemical evaluation of equine tissue necessitates the use of antibodies reactive with cells from a heterogeneous population. Lymphoid tissues from 12 horses were fixed in Bouin's fluid, ethanol or formalin and examined for immunohistochemical reactivity with anti-equine and anti-human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for MHC Class II antigens, T and B lymphocytes, and macrophages. Only a few of the anti-equine MAbs tested were reactive with fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissue. Anti-human MAbs expanded the desired range of reactivity and increased the consistency in different animals. The anti-equine MAbs conferred species specificity and anti-human MAbs provided an increased spectrum of reactivity. DA - 1998/11// PY - 1998/11// DO - 10.1016/s0021-9975(98)80040-6 VL - 119 IS - 4 SP - 467-472 J2 - Journal of Comparative Pathology LA - en OP - SN - 0021-9975 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9975(98)80040-6 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis: a rapid method for differentiating BoLA-DRB3 alleles AU - Aldridge, B. M. AU - McGuirk, S. M. AU - Clark, R. J. AU - Knapp, L. A. AU - Watkins, D. I. AU - Lunn, D. P. T2 - Animal Genetics AB - The products of the BoLA‐DRB3 locus are important molecules in the bovine immune response. Several techniques have been used to study and define this locus but they are generally time consuming and limited in their ability to detect novel alleles. In this study we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and direct sequencing, for BoLA‐DRB3 ‐typing. First, modified locus‐specific primers were used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a 240 bp fragment of exon 2 of BoLA‐DRB3 from the genomic DNA of 22 cattle and one pair of twin calves. The reverse primer included a GC‐rich clamp to improve the physical separation of the BoLA‐DRB3 alleles by DGGE. The denaturing gradient needed to produce separation of alleles was determined using perpendicular DGGE, and this gradient was then applied to parallel denaturing gels. The optimal time for producing allele separation was determined using a time‐series analysis. The bands representing individual BoLA‐DRB3 alleles were excised from the gels, reamplified, and the nucleotide sequence determined using fluorescent‐based automated cycle sequencing. The nucleotide sequences of the separated bands were then compared to published BoLA‐DRB3 alleles. A gradient of 10–15% acrylamide combined with a 15–50% urea‐formamide gradient was successfully used to separate BoLA‐DRB3 alleles in all individuals examined. Nucleotide sequencing showed that the 24 animals possessed 13 BoLA‐DRB3 alleles, all of which have been previously described. The BoLA‐DRB3 genotypes included 20 heterozygotes and two homozygotes. Three BoLA‐DRB3 alleles were seen in each of the twin calves, possibly due to leukochimerism. The technique is reliable and rapid, and avoids cloning alleles prior to nucleotide sequencing and therefore offers distinct advantages over previous techniques for BoLA‐DRB3 ‐typing. DA - 1998/10// PY - 1998/10// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2052.1998.295361.x VL - 29 IS - 5 SP - 389-394 J2 - Animal Genetics LA - en OP - SN - 0268-9146 1365-2052 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2052.1998.295361.x DB - Crossref KW - BoLA-DRB3 KW - bovine lymphocyte antigen KW - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis KW - major histocompatibility complex ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of prognostic factors for canine granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis: 42 cases (1982–1996) AU - Muñana, K.R. AU - Luttgen, P.J. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 212 SP - 1902–1906 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of omental pedicle grafts in the management of non-healing axillary wounds in 10 cats AU - Lascelles, BDX AU - Davison, L AU - Dunning, M AU - Bray, JP AU - White, RAS T2 - Journal of small animal practice DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 39 IS - 10 SP - 475-480 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Treatment of canine nasal aspergillosis with a new non-invasive technique. Failure with enilconazole AU - Bray, JP AU - White, RAS AU - Lascelles, BDX T2 - Journal of small animal practice DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 223-226 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the tongue in a dog AU - Lascelles, BDX AU - McInnes, E AU - Dobson, JM AU - White, RAS T2 - Journal of small animal practice DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 39 IS - 12 SP - 587-591 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy and kinetics of carprofen, administered preoperatively or postoperatively, for the prevention of pain in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy AU - Lascelles, B Duncan X AU - Cripps, Peter J AU - JONES, ALAN AU - WATERMAN-PEARSON, AVRIL E T2 - Veterinary Surgery DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 568-582 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Case studies in organ transplantation AU - Balwin, C. AU - Bristol, D. AU - Deaver, E. AU - Hammerberg, B. AU - Heath, C. AU - Mallapragada, S. AU - Naylor, G. AU - Richardson, E. AU - Wilson, J. T2 - Ag Bioethics Forum DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 2-6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of local hyperthermia on the catabolism of a radioiodinated chimeric monoclonal antibody AU - Hauck, M. L. AU - Zalutsky, M. R. T2 - Clinical Cancer Research DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 4 SP - 2071-2077 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cytotoxicity of alpha-particle emitting astatine-211-labelled antibody in tumour spheroids: no effect of hyperthermia AU - Hauck, ML AU - Larsen, RH AU - Welsh, PC AU - Zalutsky, MR T2 - BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER AB - The high linear energy transfer, alpha-particle-emitting radionuclide astatine-211 (211At) is of interest for certain therapeutic applications; however, because of the 55- to 70-microm path length of its alpha-particles, achieving homogeneous tracer distribution is critical. Hyperthermia may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of alpha-particle endoradiotherapy if it can improve tracer distribution. In this study, we have investigated whether hyperthermia increased the cytotoxicity of an 211At-labelled monoclonal antibody (MAb) in tumour spheroids with a radius (approximately 100 microm) greater than the range of 211At alpha-particles. Hyperthermia for 1 h at 42 degrees C was used because this treatment itself resulted in no regrowth delay. Radiolabelled chimeric MAb 81C6 reactive with the extracellular matrix antigen tenascin was added to spheroids grown from the D-247 MG human glioma cell line at activity concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 250 kBq ml(-1). A significant regrowth delay was observed at 125 and 250 kBq ml(-1) in both hyperthermia-treated and untreated spheroids. For groups receiving hyperthermia, no increase in cytotoxicity was seen compared with normothermic controls at any activity concentration. These results and those from autoradiographs indicate that hyperthermia at 42 degrees C for 1 h had no significant effect on the uptake or distribution of this antitenascin MAb in D-247 MG spheroids. DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1038/bjc.1998.123 VL - 77 IS - 5 SP - 753-759 SN - 0007-0920 KW - monoclonal antibody KW - hyperthermia KW - spheroid KW - astatine-211 KW - alpha-emitter ER - TY - CONF TI - In vitro and in vivo assessment of cutaneous toxicity models AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. AU - Riviere, J. E. AU - ed. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Continuing Education Course Syllabus for the 37th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology DA - 1998/// VL - 37 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vanadium content and related oxidative stress appear to determine airway epithelial cell responses to emission source particulate matter. AU - Dye, J. A. AU - Adler, K. B. AU - Rochelle, L. G. AU - Dreher, K. L. T2 - FASEB Journal DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 12 SP - A337 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Particles of Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA) induce toxicity and mucin hypersecretion in rodent airway epithelial cells in vitro via an oxidant-mediated mechanism. AU - Adler, K. B. AU - Jiang, N. F. AU - Dye, J. A. AU - Dreher, K. L. T2 - Toxicology Letters DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/s0378-4274(98)80888-6 VL - 95 SP - 224 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exposure of differentiated rodent airway epithelial cells in vitro to particles of residual fly ash (ROFA) induces cytotoxicity and generation of reactive oxygen species. AU - Adler, K. B. AU - Jiang, N. F. AU - Dye, J. A. AU - Dreher, K. L. T2 - Proceedings of the 10th International Colloquium on Lung Fibrosis DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 10 SP - 26 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Field cancerization AU - Williams, L. AU - Zinggeler, J. AU - Klausner, J. AU - Kanjilal, S. T2 - Veterinary Cancer Society Newsletter DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Respiratory function and extraocular muscle paralysis following administration of pancuronium bromide in dogs AU - Sullivan, T. C. AU - Hellyer, P. W. AU - Lee, D. D. AU - Davidson, M. G. T2 - Veterinary Ophthalmology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 125 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heartworm disease: An update on testing and prevention in dogs and cats AU - Atkins, C. T2 - Veterinary Medicine DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 93 IS - 1 SP - 15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feline ocular toxoplasmosis AU - Davidson, M. G. AU - English, R. V. T2 - Veterinary Ophthalmology AB - Ocular infection with Toxoplasma gondii is a well-recognized and important clinical entity in many animal species. In the cat, ocular toxoplasmosis is commonly associated with systemic infection, yet its role in causing anterior uveitis in an otherwise healthy cat is unclear. The purpose of this article is to review the salient epidemiological, clinical, and histopathologic features of systemic and ocular toxoplasmosis in the cat. Additionally, pathogenesis and possible immunopathogenic mechanisms of ocular toxoplasmosis, which may account for the higher prevalence of anterior uveitis in cats seropositive for T. gondii, are discussed. Finally, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of feline toxoplasmosis are reviewed. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1046/j.1463-5224.1998.00033.x VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 71 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cyclosporine A in Veterinary Ophthalmology AU - Gilger, B.C. AU - Allen, J.B. T2 - Veterinary Ophthalmology AB - Veterinary OphthalmologyVolume 1, Issue 4 p. 181-187 Cyclosporine A in veterinary ophthalmology Gilger, Gilger The Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USASearch for more papers by this author Allen, Allen The Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USASearch for more papers by this author Gilger, Gilger The Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USASearch for more papers by this author Allen, Allen The Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 January 2002 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-5224.1998.00039.xCitations: 14 Brian C.Gilger Tel.: (919) 513–6239 Fax: (919) 513–6336 e-mail: Brian_Gilger@ncsu.edu Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume1, Issue4 December 1998Pages 181-187 RelatedInformation DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1046/j.1463-5224.1998.00039.x VL - 1 IS - 4 SP - 181-187 ER - TY - CONF TI - Assessment of epidermal-dermal junction epitopes in the mouse ear vesicant model AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. AU - Inman, A. O. AU - Babin, M. C. AU - Casillas, R. P. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Proceedings of the 1998 Medical Defense Bioscience Review DA - 1998/// SP - 1-13 PB - Aberdeen, MD: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heartworm disease: an update AU - Atkins, C. E. T2 - North American Veterinary Conference. Veterinary Proceedings DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 12 IS - 1998 SP - 553-556 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Complications of heartworm disease AU - Atkins, C. E. T2 - North American Veterinary Conference. Veterinary Proceedings DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 12 IS - 1998 SP - 556-558 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Persistent Infection of Pets within a Household with Three Bartonella Species AU - Kordick, Dorsey L. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Emerging Infectious Diseases AB - We monitored by blood culture and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) bartonella infection in one dog and eight cats in a household to determine the prevalence and persistence of the infection as well as its transmissibility to humans. Ectoparasite control was rigorously exercised. During a 3-year period, Bartonella clarridgeiae was recovered from one cat on two occasions, and B. henselae was isolated from another cat on four occasions. During a 16-month period, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was isolated from the dog on 8 of 10 culture attempts. Despite extensive household contact, the pet owner was seronegative to all three species by IFA for Bartonella-specific immunoglobulin G. DA - 1998/6// PY - 1998/6// DO - 10.3201/eid0402.980225 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 325–328 SN - 1080-6040 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0402.980225 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in healthy adult horses during intravenous fluid administration AU - Jones, SL AU - Wilson, WD AU - Milhalyi, JE T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS AB - Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and TherapeuticsVolume 21, Issue 3 p. 247-249 Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in healthy adult horses during intravenous fluid administration S.L. Jones, S.L. Jones Present address: Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8051, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 66110,Search for more papers by this authorW.D. Wilson, W.D. Wilson CorrespondenceSearch for more papers by this authorJ.E. Milhalyi, J.E. Milhalyi Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616,Search for more papers by this author S.L. Jones, S.L. Jones Present address: Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8051, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 66110,Search for more papers by this authorW.D. Wilson, W.D. Wilson CorrespondenceSearch for more papers by this authorJ.E. Milhalyi, J.E. Milhalyi Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616,Search for more papers by this author First published: 05 January 2002 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2885.1998.00123.xCitations: 10Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume21, Issue3June 1998Pages 247-249 RelatedInformation DA - 1998/6// PY - 1998/6// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2885.1998.00123.x VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 247-249 SN - 0140-7783 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/9673967 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrolyte disturbances in foals with severe rhabdomyolysis AU - Perkins, G AU - Valberg, SJ AU - Madigan, JM AU - Carlson, GP AU - Jones, SL T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - Marked electrolyte abnormalities characterized by profound hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia were noted in 4 neonatal foals with acute rhabdomyolysis and pigmenturia. In 2 foals, rhabdomyolysis developed 4-6 days after admission for dysmaturity, and in 2 foals, rhabdomyolysis was evident on presentation. Rhabdomyolysis was a consequence of selenium deficiency with or without vitamin E deficiency, possibly combined with increased oxidant stress due to sepsis or hypoxia and reperfusion injury after parturition. Foals gained from 7 to 15% of their initial body weight within 48 hours of developing rhabdomyolysis. Three of the foals developed cardiac arrhythmias characterized by spiked T waves and decreased-amplitude P waves. Postmortem examination of 2 foals revealed extensive myodegeneration and renal tubular nephrosis; renal cortical necrosis with myocardial necrosis was noted in 1 foal. Destruction of the major intracellular compartment (intracellular fluid [ICF]) through extensive myonecrosis combined, in some cases, with myoglobinuric renal insufficiency produced major fluid shifts and life-threatening electrolyte derangements. With the major ICF compartment disrupted, hyperkalemia was most effectively treated using mineralocorticoids, loop diuretics, and ion exchange resins to enhance elimination. In addition, i.v. calcium, glucose, insulin, and sodium bicarbonate were administered, which helped redistribute potassium to the ICF. Severe rhabdomyolysis should be included in the differential diagnoses of hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia in neonatal foals. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02114.x VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 173-177 SN - 0891-6640 KW - horses KW - hyperkalemia KW - muscle KW - myopathy KW - selenium ER - TY - CHAP TI - Disorders of the large intestine AU - Jones, S. L. AU - Spear, S. AU - Snyder, J. R. T2 - Equine internal medicine A2 - W. Bailey, S. Reed CN - SF951 .E565 1998 PY - 1998/// SP - 636-694 PB - Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders ER - TY - JOUR TI - A role for the actin-bundling protein L-plastin in the regulation of leukocyte integrin function AU - Jones, SL AU - Wang, J AU - Turck, CW AU - Brown, EJ T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Regulation of leukocyte integrin avidity is a crucial aspect of inflammation and immunity. The actin cytoskeleton has an important role in the regulation of integrin function, but the cytoskeletal proteins involved are largely unknown. Because inflammatory stimuli that activate integrin-mediated adhesion in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes cause phosphorylation of the actin-bundling protein l -plastin, we tested whether l -plastin phosphorylation was involved in integrin activation. l -plastin-derived peptides that included the phosphorylation site (Ser-5) rapidly induced leukocyte integrin-mediated adhesion when introduced into the cytosol of freshly isolated primary human PMN and monocytes. Substitution of Ala for Ser-5 abolished the ability of the peptide to induce adhesion. Peptide-induced adhesion was sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of phosphoinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C, but adhesion induced by a peptide containing a phosphoserine at position 5 was insensitive to inhibition. These data establish a novel role for l -plastin in the regulation of leukocyte adhesion and suggest that many signaling events implicated in integrin regulation act via induction of l -plastin phosphorylation. DA - 1998/8/4/ PY - 1998/8/4/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.95.16.9331 VL - 95 IS - 16 SP - 9331-9336 SN - 0027-8424 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/9689080 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Injury and diseases of tendons AU - Roe, S. C. T2 - Canine sports medicine and surgery A2 - M. S. Bloomberg, J. F. Dee A2 - Taylor, R. A. CN - SF991.6 .C36 1998 PY - 1998/// SP - 92-99 PB - Philadelphia: Saunders ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmacokinetics of cisapride in horses after intravenous and rectal administration: Erratum AU - Cook, G. AU - Papich, M. G. AU - Roberts, M. C. AU - Bowman, K. F. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 396 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feline viral respiratory infection AU - Ford, R. B. T2 - North American Veterinary Conference. Veterinary Proceedings DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 12 IS - 1998 SP - 358-359 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feline heartworm disease AU - Atkins, C. E. T2 - North American Veterinary Conference. Veterinary Proceedings DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 12 IS - 1998 SP - 551-553 ER - TY - CONF TI - Workshop report - Genodermatoses: inheritance and management AU - Olivry, T. AU - Mason, I. A2 - K. W. Kwochka, T. Willemse A2 - Tscharner, C. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Advances in veterinary dermatology, vol. 3: Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology CN - SF901 .W66 DA - 1998/// SP - 365-368 PB - Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann ER - TY - CONF TI - The use of immunological reagents in defining the pathogenesis of canine skin diseases involving proliferation of leuko-cytes AU - Moore, P. F. AU - Affolter, V. K. AU - Olivry, T. AU - Schrenzel, M. D. A2 - K. W. Kwochka, T. Willemse A2 - Tscharner, C. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Advances in veterinary dermatology, vol. 3: Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology CN - SF901 .W66 DA - 1998/// SP - 77-94 PB - Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann ER - TY - CONF TI - Gamma/delta T-cells in normal and diseased canine skin AU - Cannon, A. G. AU - Olivry, T. AU - Ihrke, P. J. AU - Naydan, D. K. AU - Moore, P. F. A2 - K. W. Kwochka, T. Willemse A2 - Tscharner, C. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Advances in veterinary dermatology, vol. 3: Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology CN - SF901 .W66 DA - 1998/// SP - 137-146 PB - Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann ER - TY - JOUR TI - Etiopathogenie de la dermatite atopique canine AU - Prelaud, P. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Pratique Medicale et Chirurgicale de L'animal de Compagnie DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 33 IS - 1998 SP - S315-329 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis in the dog: clinical classification, drug exposure and histopathological correlations AU - Hinn, A. C. AU - Olivry, T. AU - Luther, P. B. AU - Cannon, A. G. AU - Yager, J. A. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Allergy and Clinical Immunology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 6 IS - 1998 SP - 13-20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dermatophytose pustuleuse corneophilique canine evoquant un pemphigus foliace AU - Poisson, L. AU - Mueller, R. S. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Pratique Medicale et Chirurgicale de L'animal de Compagnie DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 33 IS - 1998 SP - 229-234 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bimodal activation of peripheral blood basophil granulocytes in canine atopic dermatitis AU - Prelaud, P. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Revue de Medecine Veterinaire DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 149 IS - 1998 SP - 1121-1124 ER - TY - CONF TI - Anti-trichohyalin antibodies in canine alopecia areata AU - Tobin, D. J. AU - Olivry, T. AU - Bystryn, J. C. A2 - K. W. Kwochka, T. Willemse A2 - Tscharner, C. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Advances in veterinary dermatology, vol. 3: Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology CN - SF901 .W66 DA - 1998/// SP - 355-362 PB - Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann ER - TY - BOOK TI - Self-assessment color review of ornamental fish AU - Lewbart, G. A. AU - Noga, E. J. CN - SF458.5 .L49 1998 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press SN - 0813826195 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Koi medicine and management AU - Lewbart, G. A. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 20 IS - 3A SP - 5-12 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Emergency and critical care of fish AU - Lewbart, Gregory T2 - Exotic animal practice AB - The keeping of fish as pets is a hobby that has experienced increasing popularity over the past decade. The hobby has also become more sophisticated in recent years and a growing number of veterinarians are gaining clinical experience and knowledge in the area of pet fish medicine. The opportunity to apply this knowledge to a pet fish problem can be a rewarding experience. This article focuses on managing acute and critical problems of pet fish at times when veterinary intervention is required within an emergency time frame. CN - SF997.5.E95 V48 PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/s1094-9194(17)30163-9 SP - 233–249 PB - Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Co. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of transdermal fentanyl and intramuscular oxymorphone on post-operative behaviour after ovariohysterectomy in dogs AU - Kyles, AE AU - Hardie, EM AU - Hansen, BD AU - Papich, MG T2 - RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE AB - The effects of transdermal fentanyl and im oxymorphone on behavioural and physiological responses, after ovariohysterectomy in dogs, were investigated. The study involved three groups of 10 dogs: fentanyl/surgery (FS), oxymorphone/surgery (OS), fentanyl/control (FC). A transdermal fentanyl delivery system (50 μg hour−1) (FS and FC) was applied 20 hours before surgery, or IM oxymorphone (Os) was administered. After ovariohysterectomy (FS and OS) or anaesthesia alone (FC), dogs were continuously videotaped for 24 hours and a standardised hourly interaction with a handler performed. The videotapes were analysed, and interactive and non-interactive behaviours evaluated. In addition, pain and sedation scores, pulse and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, arterial blood pressure, plasma cortisol and plasma fentanyl concentrations were measured. This study showed that transdermal fentanyl and IM oxymorphone (0·05 mg kg−1) produced comparable analgesic effects over a 24 hour recording period. IM oxymorphone produced significantly more sedation and lower rectal temperatures than transdermal fentanyl. There were no significant differences between groups in respiratory and heart rates, and arterial blood pressures. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/S0034-5288(98)90151-5 VL - 65 IS - 3 SP - 245-251 SN - 0034-5288 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Horizontal transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus with semen from seropositive cats AU - Jordan, H. L. AU - Howard, J. G. AU - Bucci, J. G. AU - Butterworth, J. L. AU - English, R. AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, S. AU - Tompkins, M. B. AU - Tompkins, W. A. T2 - Journal of Reproductive Immunology AB - The AIDS virus of cat species, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), has been used extensively as an animal model of HIV-1 infection. This felid lentivirus shares many molecular and biochemical traits with HIV-1 and causes similar immunologic and clinical perturbations, most notably CD4+ cell loss, impaired cell-mediated immunity and increased susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens. Previous reports have shown that FIV is transmitted horizontally by biting and vertically in utero and through nursing. Our objective was to determine whether FIV could be venereally transmitted in domestic cats. In the first experiment, susceptibility of the female reproductive tract to mucosal transmission of the FIV isolate, NCSU1, was demonstrated via intravaginal inoculation with infected cultured cells. We next identified virus in electroejaculates from asymptomatic, chronically FIV-NCSU1-infected, adult males. A fragment of FIV gag provirus DNA was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in nonfractionated seminal cells and in swim-up sperm preparations. Additionally, replication-competent virus was isolated from cell-free seminal plasma and seminal cells by co-cultivation with a feline CD4+ T-cell line. In the third study, queens were artificially inseminated via an intrauterine laparoscopic technique with electroejaculates from FIV-NCSU1-infected males. Of six inseminations carried out with fresh semen, three resulted in infection of queens. Lastly, immunohistochemical studies identified potential virus target cell populations in normal female reproductive tissues. In conclusion, these experiments indicate that FIV infection in domestic cats may provide a unique small animal model of sexual transmission of HIV-1. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/s0165-0378(98)00070-9 VL - 41 IS - 1-2 SP - 341-357 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synergistic effect of hydrochloric acid and bile acids on the pars esophageal mucosa of the porcine stomach AU - Lang, J. AU - Blikslager, A. AU - Regina, D. AU - Eisemann, J. AU - Argenzio, R. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 59 IS - 9 SP - 1170-1176 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032161874&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spiralis in North Carolina black bears (Ursus americanus) AU - Nutter, FB AU - Levine, JF AU - Stoskopf, MK AU - Gamble, HR AU - Dubey, JP T2 - JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY DA - 1998/10// PY - 1998/10// DO - 10.2307/3284644 VL - 84 IS - 5 SP - 1048-1050 SN - 0022-3395 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Resolution of metastatic calcification in the paws of a cat with successful dietary management of renal hyperparathyroidism AU - Jackson, HA AU - Barber, PJ T2 - JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE AB - A 10-year-old ovariohysterectomised domestic shorthaired cat was presented with multiple nodular calcifications of the footpads and interdigital spaces. Renal insufficiency was diagnosed by routine biochemistry and urinalysis. Additionally, the cat had a calcium and phosphorus solubility product greater than 70 mg/dl and elevated circulating parathyroid hormone. Dietary management of the renal disease resulted in a reduction in the mineral solubility product and normalisation of the concentration of parathyroid hormone accompanied by concurrent resolution of the pedal lesions. DA - 1998/10// PY - 1998/10// DO - 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1998.tb03687.x VL - 39 IS - 10 SP - 495-497 SN - 0022-4510 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recurrent urethral obstruction secondary to idiopathic renal hematuria in a puppy AU - Hawthorne, JC AU - deHaan, JJ AU - Goring, RL AU - Randall, , SR AU - Kennedy, FS AU - Stone, E AU - Zimmerman, KM AU - McAbee, SW T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION AB - A seven-month-old, neutered male Catahoula leopard dog cross was presented for recurrent urethral obstruction and intermittent hematuria. After exploratory laparotomy and ventral cystotomy, unilateral idiopathic renal hematuria was diagnosed based on gross observation of hematuria from the left ureteral catheter. The hematuria resolved after nephrectomy of the left kidney. The histopathological diagnosis was multifocal, acute congestion and intratubular hemorrhage. Although idiopathic renal hematuria has been described previously, this puppy was unique because the hematuria caused recurrent, complete urethral obstruction. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.5326/15473317-34-6-511 VL - 34 IS - 6 SP - 511-514 SN - 0587-2871 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prognosis for dogs with nonlymphomatous, small intestinal tumors treated by surgical excision AU - Crawshaw, J. AU - Berg, J. AU - Sardinas, J. C. AU - Engler, S. J. AU - Rand, W. M. AU - Ogilvie, G. K. AU - Spodnick, G. J. AU - O'Keefe, D. A. AU - Vail, D. M. AU - Henderson, R. A. T2 - Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association AB - Long-term follow-up information was obtained for 39 dogs that had undergone surgical excision of nonlymphomatous, small intestinal tumors. For all dogs evaluated in this study, the median survival time was 10 months, and the one- and two-year survival rates were 40.5% and 33.1%, respectively. There was no difference in survival times between dogs with adenocarcinomas (n=23) and dogs with leiomyosarcomas (n=16). Survival times were significantly (p less than 0.0001) shorter for dogs with histological evidence of metastases at the time of surgery (median, 3.0 months) than for dogs with no histiological evidence of metastases (median, 15.0 months). DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.5326/15473317-34-6-451 VL - 34 IS - 6 SP - 451-456 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multicystic biliary adenocarcinoma in a blue-and-gold macaw (Ara ararauna) AU - Degernes, L. A. AU - Trasti, S. AU - Healy, L. N. AU - Spaulding, K. A. AU - Flammer, K. AU - Romagnano, A. T2 - Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 100-107 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Immunophenotypic Comparison of Blood and Lymph Node from Dogs with Lymphoma AU - Grindem, Carol B. AU - Page, Rodney L. AU - Ammerman, B.E. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Veterinary Clinical Pathology AB - Abstract— Peripheral blood and lymph node tissue from 12 dogs with lymphoma was immunophenotyped. Additionally, the bone marrow was immunophenotyped in 6 dogs. The lymphomas were characterized as B‐cell in 11 dogs and T‐cell in 1 dog. Immunophenotypic patterns in the peripheral blood and bone marrow were variable. The trend in dogs with B‐cell lymphoma was normal to increased percentage of IgG‐positive cells, decreased percentage of pan‐T‐positive cells, decreased percentage of CD4‐positive cells, and decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. Simultaneous immunophenotyping of lymph node, blood and bone marrow cannot be recommended routinely without further studies to document its value as an independent prognostic indicator. However, it is potentially useful for tumor staging and monitoring remission, especially in lymphoma patients with a leukemic phase. DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-165X.1998.tb01075.x VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 16-20 LA - en OP - SN - 0275-6382 1939-165X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.1998.tb01075.x DB - Crossref KW - immunophenotyping KW - blood KW - bone marrow KW - lymph nodes KW - lymphoma KW - dogs ER - TY - JOUR TI - Further evaluation of a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assay for Pasteurella pneumotropica AU - Weigler, B. J. AU - Wiltron, L. A. AU - Hancock, S. I. AU - Thigpen, J. E. AU - Goelz, M. F. AU - Forsythe, D. B. T2 - Laboratory Animal Science DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 193-196 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Detection of feline herpes virus 1 DNA in corneas of cats with eosinophilic keratitis or corneal sequestration AU - Nasisse, M. P. AU - Glover, T. L. AU - Moore, C. P. AU - Weigler, B. J. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 59 IS - 7 SP - 856-858 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Anatomic site and interanimal variability in morphologic characteristics of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) skin likely to affect dermal absorption studies AU - Colbert, A. A. AU - Stoskopf, M. AU - Brownie, C. AU - Scott, G. I. AU - Levine, J. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 59 IS - 11 SP - 1398-1403 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A dominant negative mutant of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor inhibits the adhesion, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer AU - Dunn, S. E. AU - Ehrlich, M. AU - Sharp, N. J. H. AU - Reiss, K. AU - Solomon, G. AU - Hawkins, R. AU - Baserga, R. AU - Barrett, C. J. T2 - Cancer Research DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 58 IS - 15 SP - 3353-3361 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Whole blood assay for examining lymphocyte blastogenesis of percichthyid bass (Morone): Erratum AU - Wang, C. J. AU - Noga, E. J. AU - Avtalion, R. AU - Levy, M. G. T2 - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 367 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Respiratory depressant and skeletal muscle relaxant effects of low-dose pancuronium bromide in spontaneously breathing, isoflurane-anesthetized dogs AU - Lee, DD AU - Meyer, RE AU - Sullivan, TC AU - Davidson, MG AU - Swanson, CR AU - Hellyer, PW T2 - VETERINARY SURGERY AB - Objective—To assess and compare the respiratory depressant and skeletal muscle relaxant effects of two low doses of a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker, pancuronium bromide. To determine if a “low dose” of pancuronium bromide can produce selective skeletal muscle relaxation in extraocular muscles sufficient to perform intraocular surgery while sparing or minimizing depression of muscles of ventilation. Study Design—Blinded, randomized crossover, placebo controlled study. Animals—Six healthy, adult mongrel dogs weighing 20.8 ±1.9 kg. Methods—Spontaneously breathing, isoflurane‐anesthetized dogs received 0.02 mg/kg pancuronium bromide, intravenously (IV), (high dose [HD]), 0.01 mg/kg pancuronium bromide, IV, (low dose [LD]), or saline placebo IV in a blinded, randomized crossover study. Indices of patient ventilation including tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (RR), and minute ventilation (V E ) were recorded throughout the study period. Serial arterial blood gas analyses were performed at timed intervals. Neuromuscular blockade of skeletal muscle was assessed at timed intervals with train‐of‐four stimulus/response ratios. Eye position scores, based on the degree of ocular rotation from a neutral gaze axis, were assigned by an ophthalmologist who was blinded to the treatment given. Results—Vt and V E in HD dogs decreased by 82% from baseline after administration of pancuronium bromide. Similarly, Vt and V E in LD dogs decreased 40% and 55%, respectively. Decreased ventilation in HD dogs corresponded with significant ( P< .05) neuromuscular blockade, as indicated by train‐of‐four ratio less than 75% between 0 and 60 minutes. Eye position scores in HD and LD dogs were suitable for intraocular surgery between 0 and 60 minutes. Eye position scores in five of six control dogs were unsuitable for intraocular surgery at any time period. Conclusions—LD dogs experienced only transient, mild to moderate respiratory depression compared with HD dogs, which experienced prolonged, moderate to severe respiratory depression. Both LD and HD dogs acquired and maintained eye position scores suitable for intraocular surgery between 0 to 60 minutes. A “low dose” of pancuronium bromide, which would provide adequate extraocular muscle relaxation while minimizing ventilatory depression, was not identified. Clinical Relevance—All patients receiving any dose of neuromuscular blocking agents should be closely monitored and receive ventilatory assistance as needed. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00159.x VL - 27 IS - 5 SP - 473-479 SN - 0161-3499 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Radiographic diagnosis: Gastroesophageal intussusception in a cat AU - Van Camp, S. AU - Love, N. E. AU - Kumaresan, S. T2 - Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 190-192 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prognostic factors for dogs with granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis: 42 Cases (1982-1996) AU - Muñana, K.R. AU - Luttgen, P.J. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 212 IS - 12 SP - 1902-1906 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032525387&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Endoscopic treatment of suspected infectious intertubercular bursitis in a horse AU - Tudor, R. A. AU - Bowman, K. F. AU - Redding, W. R. AU - Tomlinson, J. E. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 213 IS - 11 SP - 1584-1585 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dual Infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis and a Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia: A Case Report AU - Sexton, Daniel AU - Corey, G. Ralph AU - Carpenter, Christopher AU - Kong, Li Quo AU - Gandhi, Tejel AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. AU - Hegarty, Barbara C. AU - Chen, Sheng-Ming AU - Feng, Hui-Min AU - Zhao, Li AU - Olano, Juan AU - Walker, David H. AU - Dumler, Stephen J. T2 - Emerging Infectious Diseases AB - Well-documented cases of simultaneous human infection with more than one tick-borne pathogen are rare. To our knowledge only two dual infections have been reported: simultaneous human infection with the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and Borrelia burgdorferi and simultaneous human infection with B. burgdorferi and Babesia microti (1-2). Rocky Mountain spotted fever has long been known to be endemic in North Carolina; cases of human ehrlichial infection were recognized there soon after Ehrlichia chaffeensis was recognized as an important cause of tick-borne disease in the southeastern United States. Because both Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ehrlichiosis are prevalent in North Carolina, occasional cases of simultaneous human infection by rickettsial and ehrlichial agents would not be surprising; however, no such cases seem to have been reported. DA - 1998/6// PY - 1998/6// DO - 10.3201/eid0402.980222 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 311–316 SN - 1080-6040 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0402.980222 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Uncein may be a potential target for sulfur mustard alkylation AU - Zhang, ZL AU - Fine, JD AU - Monteiro-Riviere, NA T2 - TOXICOLOGY METHODS AB - Severe blister formation in theepidermal and dermal junction is one of the characteristic cutaneous lesions caused by bis-2-chloroethyl sulfide (sulfur mustard, HD), a bifunctional alkylating agent. Uncein is a newly discovered anchoring filament-associated antigen that has been shown to be undetectable in all forms of junctional epidermolysis bullosa, therefore suggesting its role in maintaining the integrity of the epidermal-dermal basement membrane zone. To test uncein as a potential target for HD alkylation in HD-induced vesication, uncein was biosynthetically labeled with 35 S-methionine and purified by immunoprecipitation with a 19-DEJ-1 monoclonal antibody from the medium of normal human keratinocyte (NHEK) cultures. The 3 5 S-labeled uncein was incubated with 50 muL of 10.0 mg/mL of HD in ethanol (ETOH) or ETOH, which served as the control in 50 mM Tris-Cl buffer (pH 7.4) for 2 h. In addition, 10.0 mg/mL of HD was incubated with uncein pretreated with 3 mM sodium thiosulfate, an HD scavenger. Uncein treated with HD was fractionated by reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Uncein with no HD showed the typical profile of three subunit bands at 165, 130, and 100 kD. HD treatment reduced the intensity of uncein bands. Further, new higher molecular weight bands appeared at the top of the gel, and at the positions of 145 kD as well as 135 kD after HD treatment, suggesting that HD might cross-link uncein. In addition, sodium thiosulfate prevented the appearance of HD-crosslinked bands. Finally, monolayers of NHEK grown on cover slips were treated with 10.0 mg/mL of HD in ETOH or ETOH alone as control. Then, uncein was stained with a 19-DEJ-1 antibody and examined under immunofluorescence microscopy. In the control, uncein staining was localized intracellularly and was absent from the intercellular regions. Although the staining pattern did not change, the intensity of uncein staining was reduced after HD treatment, indicating that HD chemically modified uncein antigenic epitopes. These results suggest that HD alkylation of uncein may be ultimately responsible for weakening the epidermal-dermal junction, thereby contributing this chemical-induced subepidermal blister formation. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1080/105172398243014 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 27-36 SN - 1051-7235 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000074183400004&KeyUID=WOS:000074183400004 KW - basement membrane KW - blister KW - cell culture KW - epidermal-dermal junction KW - keratinocytes KW - sulfur mustard KW - uncein KW - vesication ER - TY - CHAP TI - The Integument AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. T2 - Textbook of veterinary histology. (5th ed.) A2 - H. D. Dellmann, A2 - Eurell, J. A. CN - SF757.3 .T49 1998 PY - 1998/// SP - 303-332 PB - Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins SN - 0683301683 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surgical removal of an undifferentiated abdominal sarcoma from a koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) AU - Lewbart, GA AU - Spodnick, G AU - Barlow, N AU - Love, NE AU - Geoly, F AU - Bakal, RS T2 - VETERINARY RECORD AB - An undifferentiated abdominal sarcoma was removed surgically from a koi carp. The diagnostic procedures, including radiography and computed tomography, and the procedures for general anaesthesia and the surgical approach for a celiotomy in a fish are described. The gross and microscopic appearance of the tumour is described and lustrated. DA - 1998/11/14/ PY - 1998/11/14/ DO - 10.1136/vr.143.20.556 VL - 143 IS - 20 SP - 556-558 SN - 0042-4900 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Single-stage revision using an uncemented, porous-coated, anatomic endoprosthesis in two dogs: Case report AU - Massat, BJ AU - Miller, RT AU - DeYoung, BA AU - Schiller, RA AU - Aberman, HM AU - DeYoung, DJ T2 - VETERINARY SURGERY AB - Objective —To describe the clinical and radiographic features of septic and aseptic failure of two femoral endoprostheses and their successful revision. Study Design —Case report. Animals or Sample Population—Two skeletally mature male research dogs. Methods —An uncemented porous‐coated anatomic (PCA) endoprosthesis was implanted in a single‐stage revision procedure after thorough debridement and lavage of the femoral canal. An autogenous cancellous bone graft was used in dog 2 (aseptic loosening). Serial clinical and radiographic examinations were performed postoperatively. The dogs were euthanatized 1 year (dog 1) and 2 years (dog 2) after revision surgery, and necropsy was performed. High‐resolution contact radiographs and histopathologic evaluation of femoral sections were obtained. Results —The cause of implant failure was septic loosening in dog 1 and aseptic loosening in dog 2. In both dogs, clinical function returned to normal after revision. Serial radiographic assessment after revision documented disappearance of the bone pedestal and the periprosthetic lucency. Cancellous hypertrophy seen adjacent to the proximal porous‐coated region of the implants provided radiographic evidence of bony fixation. Histological evaluation of femoral sections documented successful implant integration with bone and fibrous tissue. Conclusion—Revision with an uncemented implant in a single‐stage procedure was successful in the two dogs described in this report. Clinical Relevance —This report provides a detailed description of the clinical course and serial radiographic assessment of septic and aseptic loosening of two femoral endoprostheses. Single‐stage revision is a potential treatment for either condition as demonstrated by the successful outcome in these two dogs. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00125.x VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 268-277 SN - 1532-950X ER - TY - CHAP TI - Respiratory disorders AU - Hawkins, E. C. T2 - Small animal internal medicine. (2nd ed.) A2 - R. W. Nelson, A2 - Couto, C. G. CN - SF991 .S5917 1998 PY - 1998/// SP - 205-343 PB - St. Louis: Mosby ER - TY - JOUR TI - Putting "wobblers" back on track - Part II AU - Osborne, J. N. AU - Sharp, N. J. H. T2 - Veterinary Technician DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 19 IS - 8 SP - 519-526 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Imaging a spinal fracture in a Kohaku Koi (Cyprinus carpio): Techniques and case history report AU - Bakal, RS AU - Love, NE AU - Lewbart, GA AU - Berry, CR T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - An ornamental pet fish was diagnosed with a spinal fracture and subluxation involving truncal vertebrae 5 and 6 (T5-T6) using conventional radiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and computed tomography. Attempts to evaluate the dynamic nature of the lesion using conventional fluoroscopy in the unanesthetized, moving patient were unsuccessful. Adaptation of imaging techniques to accommodate a fish patient was not difficult and diagnostic images were obtained. The use of multiple imaging techniques was useful in the diagnosis and determination of the treatment plan of the spinal fracture in this patient. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01613.x VL - 39 IS - 4 SP - 318-321 SN - 1058-8183 KW - fish KW - radiography KW - computed tomography KW - nuclear scintigraphy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hinged ilizarov external fixation for correction of antebrachial deformities AU - Marcellin-Little, DJ AU - Ferretti, A AU - Roe, SC AU - DeYoung, DJ T2 - VETERINARY SURGERY AB - Objective —To evaluate hinged circular external fixation for correction of antebrachial deformities in dogs. Study Design —Uncontrolled clinical trial. Animal Population —Seven client‐owned dogs. Methods —Six dogs had one radius corrected and one dog had both radii corrected. Preoperative planning included measurement of the craniocaudal and mediolateral angular deformities, rotational deformity, length deficit, origin of deformity, graphical or mathematical determination of the amplitude and direction of the actual limb deformity, and frame assembly. Results —Preoperatively, function and cosmesis were assessed to be fair to poor in all dogs. Deformity correction started 48 to 60 hours postoperatively and ranged from 0.46 mm to 1.36 mm twice daily. Hospitalization time ranged from 4 to 6 days. Corrections were mostly made by the owners, at home. Lengthening and angular correction ranged from 3 to 38 mm and 18° to 48°. Mean residual deformities were 2.7% of radial length and 2.7°. The time duration with the circular external fixators in place ranged from 29 to 71 days. Two additional surgeries were necessary in one dog because of wire breakage. Mean follow‐up was 40 months. Long‐term function and cosmesis were good to excellent in all dogs. Conclusion—Although complications were present in six of seven dogs, the outcome of hinged Ilizarov external fixation was successful in all dogs treated for deformities of the antebrachium. Clinical Relevance —Despite complex preoperative planning, the placement of hinged circular external fixators is straightforward, and allows precise correction of complex antebrachial deformities with minimal tissue trauma. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00122.x VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 231-245 SN - 1532-950X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Canine pustular dermatophytosis of the corneum mimicking pemphigus foliaceus AU - Poisson, L. AU - Mueller, R. S. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Pratique Medicale et Chirurgicale de L'animal de Compagnie DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 229-234 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biphasic thymus response by kittens inoculated with feline immunodeficiency virus during fetal development AU - Johnson, CM AU - Papadi, GP AU - Tompkins, WA AU - Sellon, RK AU - Orandle, MS AU - Bellah, , JR AU - Bubenik, LJ T2 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY AB - The objective of this study was to assess the response of the feline thymus to fetal infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), an animal model for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Thirteen feline embryos from four litters were directly inoculated with FIV during the sixth week postbreeding, a period corresponding to the late second trimester of pregnancy. Thymus tissue was collected and analyzed from randomly selected kittens at 2, 4, and 16 weeks postinoculation (PI) and compared to age-matched control kittens that did not receive fetal inoculations. Of three kittens evaluated at 2 weeks PI (week 8 of gestation), neither thymus:body weight ratio nor histologic structure differed from five age-matched control animals. However, analysis of thymocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry revealed a significant (P = 0.011) reduction in the percentage of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+/CD8+ cells from an average of 66% in control fetuses to 45% in infected fetuses. FIV RNA transcription, assessed by in situ hybridization using an FIVgag RNA probe, was widely distributed throughout the thymus in patterns suggestive of both stromal and parenchymal infection. By 4 weeks PI (week 1 postpartum), the thymus:body weight ratio was significantly reduced (P = 0.007) from 0.36% in five control kittens to 0.13% in four fetal inoculates. Severely atrophied thymus lobules supported minimal virus transcription and mean CD4+/CD8+ thymocyte percentages were lower (P = 0.021) in infected kittens (15%) compared to age-matched controls (66%). By 16 weeks PI (week 12 postpartum), thymus:body weight ratios of six inoculated kittens were not significantly different from six age-matched controls, suggesting that partial postnatal thymus regeneration had occurred. However, despite similar size, the regenerative thymus contained reduced percentages of CD4+/CD8+ thymocytes (infected: 40% versus control: 76%; P = 0.009) and increased percentages of CD4+/CD8- (11% versus 5%; P = 0.002) and CD4-/CD8+ (16% versus 9%; P = 0.035) lymphocytes. These changes were associated with widespread FIV transcription within thymic lymphocytes. Thus, the thymus of kittens infected with FIV during late fetal development is characterized by two distinct changes: neonatal atrophy and postnatal regeneration. Despite a recovery in thymus weight, thymus regeneration ineffectively restores the normal phenotypic distribution of thymocytes and supports FIV transcription. DA - 1998/5// PY - 1998/5// DO - 10.1177/030098589803500304 VL - 35 IS - 3 SP - 191-201 SN - 0300-9858 KW - animal models KW - lymphoid tissue KW - pediatrics KW - thymus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antimicrobial activity in the skin of the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus: characterization of broad-spectrum histone-like antimicrobial proteins AU - Robinette, D AU - Wada, S AU - Arroll, T AU - Levy, MG AU - Miller, WL AU - Noga, EJ T2 - CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES DA - 1998/5// PY - 1998/5// DO - 10.1007/s000180050175 VL - 54 IS - 5 SP - 467-475 SN - 1420-9071 KW - antimicrobial proteins KW - catfish KW - non-specific immunity KW - histones ER - TY - JOUR TI - Alternative dystrophin gene transcripts in golden retriever muscular dystrophy AU - Schatzberg, S. J. AU - Anderson, L. V. B. AU - Wilton, S. D. AU - Kornegay, J. N. AU - Mann, C. J. AU - Solomon, G. G. AU - Sharp, N. J. H. T2 - Muscle and Nerve DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 21 IS - 8 SP - 991-998 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acute stress causes skin ulceration in striped bass and hybrid bass (Morone) AU - Noga, EJ AU - Botts, S AU - Yang, MS AU - Avtalion, R T2 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY AB - Exposure of striped bass ( Morone saxatilis) and hybrid bass ( M. saxatilis female x Morone chrysops male) to an acute (2-hour) confinement stress caused skin ulceration on the fins but not on the body of all confined fish. Striped bass displayed more severe lesions than did hybrid bass. Histologically, lesions had varying degrees of epithelial erosion and ulceration, which was most severe at the distal portion of the fins. Ulceration was associated with dermal and hypodermal edema and necrosis of the remaining stromal tissue and tips of bone in the fin rays. No hemorrhage or thrombosis was present to suggest any obvious vascular derangement. No evidence was found for either trauma or an infectious agent initiating the lesions. Injecting fish with epinephrine caused a similar response, although the degree of ulceration was less severe. These findings may explain why many opportunistic skin pathogens can rapidly develop into serious infections in fish. DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1177/030098589803500203 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 102-107 SN - 0300-9858 KW - fish KW - opportunistic infections KW - skin sloughing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acquired immunity to amyloodiniosis is associated with an antibody response AU - Cobb, CS AU - Levy, MG AU - Noga, EJ T2 - DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AB - DAO Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials DAO 34:125-133 (1998) - doi:10.3354/dao034125 Acquired immunity to amyloodiniosis is associated with an antibody response Charles S. Cobb, Michael G. Levy1,*, Edward J. Noga2 Departments of 1Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, and 2Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA *Addressee for correspondence. E-mail: mike_levy@ncsu.edu ABSTRACT: The dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum, which causes amyloodiniosis or 'marine velvet disease', is one of the most serious ectoparasitic diseases plaguing warmwater marine fish culture worldwide. We report that tomato clownfish Amphiprion frenatus develop strong immunity to Amyloodinium ocellatum infection following repeated nonlethal challenges and that specific antibodies are associated with this response. Reaction of immune fish antisera against dinospore and trophont-derived antigens in Western blots indicated both shared and stage-specific antibody-antigen reactions. A mannan-binding-protein affinity column was used to isolate IgM-like antibody from A. frenatus serum. The reduced Ig consisted of one 70 kD heavy chain and one 32 kD light chain with an estimated molecular weight of 816 kD for the native molecule. mmunoglobulin (Ig) isolated from immune but not non-immune fish serum significantly inhibited parasite infectivity in vitro. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using polyclonal rabbit antibody produced against affinity-purified A. frenatus Ig. Anti-Amyloodinium serum antibody was not always detectable in immune fish, although serum antibody titers in immune fish increased after repeated exposure to the parasite. These results suggest that there may be a localized antibody response in skin/gill epithelial tissue, although antibody was rarely detected in skin mucus. KEY WORDS: Amyloodinium ocellatum · Immunity · Amphiprion frenatus · Ig Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in DAO Vol. 34, No. 2. Publication date: October 08, 1998 Print ISSN:0177-5103; Online ISSN:1616-1580 Copyright © 1998 Inter-Research. DA - 1998/10/8/ PY - 1998/10/8/ DO - 10.3354/dao034125 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 125-133 SN - 1616-1580 KW - Amyloodinium ocellatum KW - immunity KW - Amphiprion frenatus KW - Ig ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acid-fast bacterial infection in four turacos AU - Stamper, A. AU - Norton, T. AU - Loomis, M. T2 - Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 108-111 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Radiographic diagnosis-tracheal eosinophilic granuloma/polyp AU - Ramirez, O AU - Hawkins, EC T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Veterinary Radiology & UltrasoundVolume 39, Issue 5 p. 422-424 RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS-TRACHEAL EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA/POLYP Oscar Ramirez III DVM, Oscar Ramirez III DVM Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorEleanor C. Hawkins DVM, Corresponding Author Eleanor C. Hawkins DVM Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Eleanor C. Hawkins, DVM at the address above.Search for more papers by this author Oscar Ramirez III DVM, Oscar Ramirez III DVM Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorEleanor C. Hawkins DVM, Corresponding Author Eleanor C. Hawkins DVM Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Eleanor C. Hawkins, DVM at the address above.Search for more papers by this author First published: 23 May 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01628.xCitations: 6AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume39, Issue5September 1998Pages 422-424 RelatedInformation DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01628.x VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 422-424 SN - 1058-8183 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Change in insulin sensitivity or responsiveness is not a major component of the mechanism of action of ractopamine in beef steers AU - Eisemann, JH AU - Bristol, DG T2 - JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AB - Our objective was to determine whether the β-adrenergic agonist ractopamine altered sensitivity or responsiveness to insulin. We used the hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp approach in five multicatheterized beef steers to evaluate insulin sensitivity (ED50) and responsiveness (Rmax or Rmin) during control or ractopamine feeding (80 mg/kg feed). Steers had blood vessel catheters and ultrasound flow probes that allowed measurement of net uptake and release of glucose and insulin by portal-drained viscera (PDV), liver and hindlimb. Steers ate meals of equal size every 2 h. Steers were fed at 1.8 times calculated maintenance energy. The design was a single reversal. Two rates of insulin infusion followed a base-line period on each of three sample days. Insulin was infused into a mesenteric vein at 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 mU/(h⋅kg body weight). During the base-line period, arterial concentrations of glucose, oxygen, nonesterified fatty acids and insulin were not different between control and ractopamine feeding. Arterial urea was lower during ractopamine than during control feeding (5.02 vs. 6.20 mmol/L, respectively, P < 0.01). Net release of glucose by liver and net uptake of glucose by the hindlimb were not affected by treatment. Similarly, net release of insulin by PDV and net uptake of insulin by liver were not affected by treatment. The Rmax and ED50 for steady-state glucose infusion rate, total glucose entry, hepatic glucose production and hindlimb glucose uptake did not differ between treatments. There was a trend for a lower ED50 in hindlimb with ractopamine treatment (P < 0.13). These data do not support a change in sensitivity or responsiveness of tissues to insulin as a major component of the mechanism of action of ractopamine. DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1093/jn/128.3.505 VL - 128 IS - 3 SP - 505-511 SN - 0022-3166 KW - beta-adrenergic agonist KW - ractopamine KW - insulin KW - glucose metabolism KW - cattle ER - TY - JOUR TI - Case presentation: Immunoperoxidase in formalin-fixed tissues to diagnose eastern equine encephalomyelitis AU - McFarlane, D. AU - Guy, J. AU - Cornish, T. E. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 373-376 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biomechanical comparison of the trocar tip point and the hollow ground tip point for smooth external skeletal fixation pins AU - Marti, J. M. AU - Roe, Simon T2 - Veterinary Surgery AB - To compare the insertional characteristics of external fixator pins with hollow ground (HG), modified HG, and trocar (T) points.An acute, in vitro biomechanical evaluation.Thirteen radii from canine cadavers.A total of 16 T-tipped and 16 HG-tipped pins were inserted into 8 canine radii. Ten pins of each modification of the HG tip (length of the cutting edge reduced by 0.127 mm and 0.254 mm, respectively) were inserted into another five radii. All pins were inserted with low-speed power drilling and 80 N drilling load. Differences between peak tip temperature, drilling energy, and pullout force were determined for each pin type at both diaphyseal and metaphyseal locations.HG-tipped pins showed a 40% lower tip temperature in diaphyseal bone, a 25% reduction in drilling energy in diaphyseal bone, and a reduction of pullout force in both diaphyseal (65%) and metaphyseal (50%) bone compared with T-tipped pins. HG 0.254-mm pins generated higher tip temperatures and had greater pullout than HG pins in diaphyseal bone.The HG tip was a more efficient design; however, the reduction in pullout force suggests that, because a better hole was drilled, radial preload is reduced. Reduction of the cutting edge by 0.254 mm increased the pullout force but also increased the temperatures.Thermal and microstructural damage are reduced by the HG tip, but pin-bone interface stability is also compromised. The use of a tip with 0.254 mm reduction in the cutting edge may optimize the biological and mechanical factors at the pin-bone interface. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00151.x VL - 27 IS - 5 SP - 423–428 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Axillary cystadenocarcinoma in a Moluccan cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) AU - Powers, LV AU - Merrill, CL AU - Degernes, LA AU - Miller, R AU - Latimer, KS AU - Barnes, HJ T2 - AVIAN DISEASES AB - An adult Moluccan cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) was diagnosed with a cystadenocarcinoma in the right axillary region that was treated symptomatically with surgical debulking and periodic drainage. The bird eventually died and a necropsy was performed. The neoplasm extended through the humerus, and small neoplastic foci were seen within the ipsilateral lung parenchyma. Rare groupings of microvilli were observed lining intercellular canalicular lumens on electron microscopy within the axillary tumor. These findings suggest a respiratory neoplasm, although the tissue of origin remained undetermined. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.2307/1592495 VL - 42 IS - 2 SP - 408-412 SN - 0005-2086 KW - Cacatua moluccensis KW - cystadenocarcinoma KW - humerus KW - Moluccan cockatoo KW - neoplasia KW - respiratory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of body surface area to calculate chemotherapeutic drug dose in dogs: II. Limitations imposed by pharmacokinetic factors AU - Frazier, DL AU - Price, GS T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - Anticancer drug dosages that specify the maximum dose and minimum dosing interval that are tolerated in a population of dogs are commonly recommended. Because the differences between the effective and toxic doses of most cancer chemotherapeutics is slight, it is important to achieve therapeutic concentrations in tumor tissues at the same time that concentrations in nontarget tissues are minimized. In order to determine the dosage regimen that will most likely accomplish these goals, similar drug concentrations must be achieved in all patients dosed according to a specific regimen. Dosing based on body surface area (BSA) is generally used in an effort to normalize drug concentrations. This is because it is well recognized that measures of many physiologic parameters that are responsible for drug disposition, including renal function and energy expenditure, can be normalized by use of BSA. However, there is substantial evidence that drug disposition is not always proportional to BSA. Differences in distribution, metabolism, and excretion pathways may preclude dose extrapolation among species or among individuals within a species based on BSA. Moreover, genetic differences in drug metabolism are well recognized in humans and in laboratory animals, and it is likely that similar differences exist among breeds of dogs. A review of the pharmacokinetic disposition of several cancer chemotherapeutics suggests that studies are needed to determine the most effective method to achieve equivalent anticancer drug concentrations in diverse veterinary patients. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02122.x VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 272-278 SN - 1939-1676 KW - allometry KW - cancer chemotherapeutics KW - dosage regimen KW - dose normalization KW - drug excretion KW - metabolism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of body surface area (BSA)-based dosages to calculate chemotherapeutic drug dose in dogs: I. Potential problems with current BSA formulae AU - Price, GS AU - Frazier, DL T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - The dose of most cancer chemotherapeutic drugs administered to dogs is calculated on the basis of estimated body surface area (BSA); however results of some chemotherapy trials have revealed that this dosing method increases toxicosis in small dogs. The current formula used to estimate BSA in dogs may be inaccurate or the assumption that BSA correlates with chemotherapeutic drug exposure may be unfounded. Results presented in this review suggest that canine BSA estimates may be inaccurate because the values for the constant (K) and exponent (a) in the formulae (BSA = K.Wa) are incorrect or because a linear parameter such as body length is lacking from the formulae. Results that suggest the relationship between BSA and the physiologic/pharmacologic factors that influence drug exposure may not be closely correlated are also presented. Studies are warranted to determine whether there are dosing methods that normalize chemotherapeutic drug toxicity in dogs. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02121.x VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 267-271 SN - 0891-6640 KW - allometry KW - normalization KW - toxicoses ER - TY - JOUR TI - Resident enteric bacteria are necessary for development of spontaneous colitis and immune system activation ininterleukin-10-deficient mice AU - Sellon, R. K. AU - Tonkonogy, S. AU - Schultz, M. AU - Dieleman, L. A. AU - Grenther, W. AU - Balish, E. AU - Rennick, D. M. AU - Sartor, R. B. T2 - Infection and Immunity DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 66 IS - 11 SP - 5224-5231 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pseudocysts in the upper urinary tract of the cat AU - La Perle, K. M. D. AU - Wells, K. L. AU - Blomme, E. T2 - Point Veterinaire DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 29 IS - 193 SP - 87-90 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Potential complications associated with normothermic lonidamine infusion and with systemic acidosis in dogs receiving lonidamine during whole body hyperthermia (WBH) AU - Price, GS AU - Cline, JM AU - Page, RL AU - Riviere, JE AU - Thrall, DE T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYPERTHERMIA AB - The vascular toxicosis of lonidamine (40 mg/h) or vehicle infusion was investigated in six dogs. Vasculitis and thrombosis were observed in veins infused with lonidamine but not in veins infused with vehicle. This finding suggests that it may not be possible to use lonidamine infusion to circumvent therapeutic limitations associated with the oral lonidamine formulation currently used in patients. We also investigated the systemic toxicosis of lonidamine (400 mg/m2; rapid intravenous bolus) or vehicle in six other dogs that developed systemic acidosis (pH < or = 7.0) during whole body hyperthermia (42 degrees C x 90 min). Gross and histologic haemorrhage was observed in all dogs; however, haemorrhagic lesions in acidotic dogs receiving lonidamine + WBH were more severe than changes observed in acidotic dogs receiving vehicle + WBH. These observations confirm the results of in vitro studies which suggest that the combined effect of lonidamine and hyperthermia is enhanced under acidic conditions. Furthermore, these findings indicate that acid-base status of patients receiving lonidamine during WBH must be monitored carefully to avoid serious complications. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.3109/02656739809018232 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 271-283 SN - 0265-6736 KW - lonidamine KW - whole body hyperthermia KW - vascular toxicosis KW - systemic pH KW - haemorrhage ER - TY - JOUR TI - Placement of screws in the sustentaculum tali: A calcaneal fracture model AU - Lin, P. P. AU - Roe, Simon AU - Kay, M. AU - Abrams, C. F. AU - Jones, A. T2 - Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research AB - Current methods of treating calcaneus fractures vary greatly, and many techniques of internal fixation have been described. The study of these fractures has been limited in part by the lack of a suitable laboratory model. In this study, a new cadaveric model of calcaneus fractures was developed, using a combination of osteotomies and impaction. The model allows a pattern of intraarticular injury to be reproduced consistently. The model was used to examine one aspect of internal fixation. It was hypothesized that fixation would be more stable if the screws supporting the posterior facet were incorporated into the lateral plate, as opposed to being separate from the plate. Six pairs of anatomic specimen legs were used, and each pair was divided randomly between two experimental groups. In Group A (screws out), the posterior facet screws were outside the plate, and in Group B (screws in), the screws were incorporated into the plate. The strength of the reconstructed calcanei were evaluated by axial loading of the limb through the tibia. Stiffness and energy to failure were significantly greater and Bohler's angle significantly less compromised in Group B. It was concluded that the position of the articular fragment of comminuted calcaneal fractures will be maintained at higher loads when the screws in the posterior facet are incorporated into the lateral plate. The model of calcaneal fractures described in this study may be suitable for examining other aspects of fixation. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1097/00003086-199807000-00023 VL - 352 IS - 1998 July SP - 194–201 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metal concentrations in oldsquaw (Clangula hyemalis) during an outbreak of avian cholera, Chesapeake Bay, 1994 AU - Mashima, TY AU - Fleming, WJ AU - Stoskopf, MK T2 - ECOTOXICOLOGY DA - 1998/4// PY - 1998/4// DO - 10.1023/A:1008820004249 VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 107-111 SN - 0963-9292 KW - metals KW - avian cholera KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - waterfowl KW - oldsquaw KW - Clangula hyemalis ER - TY - CONF TI - Frontiers in in vitro and in vivo assessment of cutaneous toxicity models for risk assessment AU - Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. AU - Riviere, J. E. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Continuing education course syllabus for the 37th annual meeting of the Society of Toxicology, Seattle, WA, March, 1998 DA - 1998/// M1 - 1998 Mar. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Factors associated with survival in septicemic foals: 65 cases (1988-1995) AU - Gayle, JM AU - Cohen, ND AU - Chaffin, MK T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - In order to identify variables obtained at admission that could be used to predict survival in septicemic foals, medical records of 65 foals diagnosed with septicemia were reviewed. Initially, variables were analyzed independently (univariate analysis) for association with survival. Of the physical examination and historical data examined using univariate analysis, the ability to stand at admission, respiratory rate ≥ 60 breaths per minute (bpm), and normal‐appearing mucous membranes were significantly associated with survival. Foals with history of induced parturition were significantly less likely to survive. The following hematologic and serum biochemical variables determined at admission were significantly associated with survival: white blood cell count a 6,000 cells/μL, neutrophil count <4,000 cells/μL, serum albumin concentration <2.2 g/dL, serum glucose concentration <120 mg/ dL, blood pH ≥ 7.35, and positive base excess. The administration of plasma at admission was significantly associated with survival. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between survival and variables identified as significantly associated with survival in bivariate analysis. The final multivariate model selected included the variables standing, duration of clinical signs (24‐hour intervals) prior to admission, respiratory rate a 60 bpm, neutropenia (> 4,000 cells/μL), and neonatal age category. The probability of survival was significantly increased for foals that were standing, had a respiratory rate a 60 bpm, and that had a neutrophil count <4,000 cells/μL at admission. Probability of survival was significantly decreased for foals that had a longer duration of clinical signs prior to admission. For each 24 hours of duration, the estimated risk of death was increased by 5.8‐fold. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02109.x VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 140-146 SN - 0891-6640 KW - failure of passive transfer KW - hyperimmune plasma KW - hypoglycemia KW - IgG concentration KW - neonatal septicemia KW - neutropenia KW - prognosis KW - septic arthritis KW - septicemia ER - TY - JOUR TI - Eimeria southwelli infection associated with high mortality of cownose rays AU - Stamper, MA AU - Lewbart, GA AU - Barrington, PR AU - Harms, CA AU - Geoly, F AU - Stoskopf, MK T2 - JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH AB - The coccidian Eimeria southwelli is associated with chronic fatal disease in captive cownose rays Rhinoptera bonasus. Clinical signs include discoloration of the epidermis, emaciation, coelomic cavity distention, and death. The oocysts can be demonstrated in coelomic fluid obtained by coelomic aspiration. Prevalence of E. southwelli in wild cownose rays was 92% in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA. Recommended management practices include strict quarantine and screening by using coelomic cavity aspirate sampling. A dosage of 10 mg toltrazuril/kg orally once a day for 5 d reduces but may not eliminate parasitic loads. DA - 1998/9// PY - 1998/9// DO - 10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0264:ESIAWH>2.0.CO;2 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 264-270 SN - 1548-8667 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Disease processes and health assessment in blue crab fishery management AU - Noga, E. J. AU - Sawyer, T. K. AU - Rodon-Naveira, M. T2 - Journal of Shellfish Research DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 567-577 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diagnosis and surgical management of obstructive ureteral calculi in cats: 11 cases (1993-1996) AU - Kyles, A. E. AU - Stone, E. A. AU - Gookin, J. AU - Spaulding, K. AU - Clary, E. M. AU - Wylie, K. AU - Spodnick, G. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 213 IS - 8 SP - 1150-1156 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of immunity by the tomato clownfish Amphiprion frenatus to the dinoflagellate parasite Amyloodinium ocellatum AU - Cobb, CS AU - Levy, MG AU - Noga, EJ T2 - JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH AB - The dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum, which causes amyloodiniosis or “marine velvet disease,” is one of the most serious ectoparasitic diseases affecting warmwater marine fish culture worldwide. We demonstrated that tomato clownfish Amphiprion frenatus can develop strong immunity to infection following repeated nonlethal parasitic challenges. The protective response is long-lived and directed against the trophont stage of the parasite. DA - 1998/9// PY - 1998/9// DO - 10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0259:DOIBTT>2.0.CO;2 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 259-263 SN - 1548-8667 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cutaneous lymphoma with extensive periarticular involvement in a horse AU - Gerard, M. P. AU - Healy, L. N. AU - Bowman, K. F. AU - Miller, R. T. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 213 IS - 3 SP - 391-393 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Canine epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: circulating autoantibodies target the aminoterminal noncollagenous (NC1) domain of collagen VII in anchoring fibrils AU - Olivry, T AU - Fine, JD AU - Dunston, SM AU - Chasse, D AU - Tenorio, AP AU - Monteiro-Riviere, NA AU - Chen, M AU - Woodley, DT T2 - VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY AB - The classification of autoimmune blistering skin diseases is based on the skin antigen(s) targeted by pathogenic autoantibodies. In humans and dogs, there is increasing evidence that autoimmune subepidermal bullous diseases represent different nosological entities. This study establishes the existence of the canine equivalent of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) in humans. Canine EBA, like the inflammatory variant of its human counterpart, is characterized by spontaneous vesicles arising from an inflammatory eruption. Dermo‐epidermal separation occurs in association with neutrophilic infiltration in the superficial dermis. Tissue‐fixed and circulating IgA and IgG autoantibodies specific for the lower basement membrane zone can be detected by immunofluorescence methods. Using immunoelectron microscopy, autoantibodies are shown to target the distal end of anchoring fibrils in the sublamina densa. ELISA and immunoblotting utilizing eukaryotically expressed recombinant collagen VII subdomains confirm that the circulating autoantibodies are specific for the aminoterminal globular non‐collagenous NC1 domain of type VII collagen. DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-3164.1998.00067.x VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 19-31 SN - 0959-4493 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000073123800004&KeyUID=WOS:000073123800004 KW - epidermolysis bullosa acquisita KW - dog KW - canine KW - collagen VII KW - anchoring fibril KW - blistering disease KW - autoimmunity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Abnormalities of the thoracic bellows: Stress fractures of the ribs and hiatal hernia AU - Hardie, EM AU - Ramirez, O AU - Clary, EM AU - Kornegay, JN AU - Correa, MT AU - Feimster, RA AU - Robertson, ER T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - The thoracic bellows mechanism consists of the rib cage and the diaphragm. The purpose of this study was to determine if nontraumatically acquired lesions of the bellows were secondary to underlying disease. Abnormalities of the bellows, specifically stress fractures of the ribs and hiatal hernia, were found in 21 dogs and cats with underlying cardiopulmonary disease, neuromuscular disease, or metabolic disease. A case-control study of Bulldogs demonstrated that hiatal hernia was associated with the more severe manifestations of brachycephalic syndrome. Stress fractures occurred mostly in females and in cats, and involved multiple ribs. Fractures were usually related to severe respiratory effort, but also occurred in association with metabolic disease. Hiatal hernia was also associated with severe respiratory effort, but may be exacerbated if a neuromuscular disorder affecting the diaphragm is present. Abnormalities of the thoracic bellows, such as rib stress fractures and hiatal hernia, may be signs of underlying disease, rather than being primary causes of disease. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02123.x VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 279-287 SN - 1939-1676 KW - cough fracture of the rib KW - diaphragm KW - flail chest ER - TY - JOUR TI - A survey of tick-borne bacteria and protozoa in naturally exposed dogs from Israel AU - Baneth, G AU - Breitschwerdt, EB AU - Hegarty, BC AU - Pappalardo, B AU - Ryan, J T2 - VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY AB - Antibody reactivity against seven bacterial or protozoal pathogens was measured in sera derived from 40 dogs suspected of a tick-borne disease. Sera from 73% (29/40) of the dogs reacted with three or more test antigens. Seroreactivity was most prevalent to Babesia canis antigen (90%) followed by Babesia gibsoni (75%), Ehrlichia canis (63%), Rickettsia conorii--Moroccan strain (58%), Rickettsia conorii--Israeli strain no. 2 (28%), Borrelia burgdorferi (10%) or Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii) (10%). Seroconversion documented in seven dogs, supported an acute phase diagnosis of ehrlichiosis in four dogs, R. conorii infection in three dogs and babesiosis in one dog. In the remaining dogs, correlation of clinical abnormalities with increased seroreactivity was not established through the design of this study. Although Lyme borreliosis has not been reported in people in Israel, Western blot analysis for antibodies reactive to B. burgdorferi identified genus-specific antiflagellin antibodies indicating that dogs in Israel are exposed to a Borrelia species. Identification of species-specific seroreactivity was not possible and infection with a Borrelia species other than B. burgdorferi is likely. Seroreactivity to B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) in dogs outside the USA is reported here for the first time. DA - 1998/1/31/ PY - 1998/1/31/ DO - 10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00149-0 VL - 74 IS - 2-4 SP - 133-142 SN - 1873-2550 KW - dog KW - Ehrlichia canis KW - Bartonella vinsonii KW - Babesia canis KW - Babesia gibsoni KW - Rickettsia conorii KW - Israel ER - TY - JOUR TI - Toxic algae, fish kills and fish disease AU - Noga, EJ T2 - FISH PATHOLOGY AB - Toxin-producing algae are becoming an increasingly serious worldwide problem in both aquaculture and fisheries populations. They affect the gamut of aquatic taxa, from marine mammals to finfish to shellfish. The prevalence of toxic algae blooms appears to be dramatically increasing worldwide and in addition, the magnitude (i.e., severity) of the blooms appears to be increasing. New types of toxic algae as well as algae which were never before known to produce toxins are also being reported. While acute mortalities (eg., kills) due to toxic algae have been the focus of attention for some time, there is now evidence that exposure of aquatic animals to toxin-producing algae can lead to serious sublethal effects, including predisposing these populations to various infectious diseases. These findings indicate that the potential impacts of noxious algae blooms may extend well beyond our traditional concepts of risk from toxic algae exposure and may play as yet undefined but crucial roles in the health of both natural and cultured aquatic populations. One specific toxic dinoflagellate, Pfiesteria piscicida, is used to illustrate this point. DA - 1998/10// PY - 1998/10// DO - 10.3147/jsfp.33.337 VL - 33 IS - 4 SP - 337-342 SN - 0388-788X KW - Pfiesteria piscicida KW - dinoflagellate KW - toxic algae KW - risk factor KW - environment ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Risk of missing angle neovascularization by omitting screening gonioscopy in acute central retinal vein occlusion AU - Browning, D. J. AU - Scott, A. Q. AU - Peterson, C. B. AU - Warnock, J. AU - Zhang, Z. Y. T2 - Ophthalmology (American Academy of Ophthalmology) DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 105 IS - 5 SP - 776-784 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in the red pacu (Colossoma brachypomum) following different routes of administration AU - Doi, A. M. AU - Stoskopf, M. K. AU - Lewbart, Gregory T2 - Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics AB - Oxytetracycline (OTC) pharmacokinetics were studied in the red pacu ( Colossoma brachypomum ) following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. OTC plasma concentrations were determined by high‐performance‐liquid‐chromatography (HPLC). A non‐compartmental model was used to describe plasma drug disposition after OTC administration. Following i.m. administration, the elimination half‐life ( t ½ ) was 62.65 ± 1.25 h and the bioavailability was 49.80 ± 0.01%. After i.v. administration the t ½ was 50.97 ± 2.99 h, the V d was 534.11 ± 38.58 mL/kg, and CI b was 0.121 ± 0.003 mL/min.kg. The 5 mg/kg i.v. dose used in this experiment resulted in up to 48 h plasma concentrations of OTC above the reported MIC values for some strains of fish pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila , A. liquefaciens , A. salmonicida , Cytophaga columnaris , Edwardsiella ictaluri , Vibrio anguillarium , V. ordalii , V. salmonicida and Yeersinia ruckeri . These MIC values are below the susceptible range (4 μg/mL) listed by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) as determined by the NCCLS susceptibility interpretive criteria. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2885.1998.00162.x VL - 21 IS - 5 SP - 364–368 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmacokinetic parameters and milk concentrations of ketoprofen after administration as a single intravenous bolus dose to lactating goats AU - Musser, J. M. B. AU - Anderson, K. L. AU - Tyczkowska, K. L. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics AB - Six clinically normal lactating does were administered ketoprofen (2.2 mg/kg intravenously (i. v.)). Blood and milk samples were collected prior to and for 24 h after drug administration. Drug concentrations in serum and milk were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters from each goat were combined to obtain mean estimates (mean ± SD) of half‐life of elimination ( t ½β ) of 0.32 ± 0.14 h, systemic clearance ( Cl ) of 0.74 ± 0.12 L/kg· h, and volume of distribution at steady state ( V ss ) of 0.23 ± 0.051 L/kg. In milk, ketoprofen was unmeasurable by the method employed (level of detection 25 ng/mL) for all samples. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2885.1998.00148.x VL - 21 IS - 5 SP - 358-363 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Equine alopecia areata autoantibodies target multiple hair follicle antigens and may alter hair growth. A preliminary study AU - Tobin, D.J. AU - Alhaidari, Z. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Experimental Dermatology AB - Abstract Several cases of an alopecia areata (AA)‐like disease have been reported in mammalian species. How similar this disorder(s) is to human AA is unclear. We have previously shown that human AA is associated with antibodies to hair follicle (HF)‐specific antigens and that similar antibody reactivities also occur in the C3H/HeJ “AA” murine model and in dogs with spontaneously occurring AA. The current preliminary study was conducted to determine whether a horse with AA‐like hair loss contained circulating antibodies to HF. The pathogenic potential of these antibodies was examined by passive transfer into anagen skin of C57BL/10 black mice. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis indicated that the equine “AA” serum reacted intensely with the inner root sheath, outer root sheath and pre‐cortex of equine HF. Immunoblot examination revealed antibodies to a 200‐220 kDa doublet and to antigens of 40‐60 kDa. Notably, this serum, but not control serum, contained antibodies that selectively immunoprecipitated trichohyalin from HF protein extracts. IgG fractions of serum obtained from an “AA” horse and from a normal control horse were injected into anagen murine skin. Histologically, normal hair regrowth was observed in mice injected with normal equine IgG. By contrast, hair did not re‐grow in an area around the injection site of AA‐treated mice even 13 weeks after first injection. This skin contained telogen follicles, most often without associated shafts, despite the presence of anagen HF in the remaining dorsum skin. While this study is preliminary, it demonstrates for the first time that antibodies to HF antigens are a feature of AA‐like hair loss in horses. Some reactivities (e.g. against trichohyalin) were similar to those previously observed in “AA” dogs. Further, we provide in this pilot study preliminary evidence that such antibodies may disrupt hair re‐growth when passively transferred into mice, supporting the view that anti‐HF antibodies in AA may have pathogenic potential. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1998.tb00299.x-i1 VL - 7 IS - 5 SP - 289-297 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031789151&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - The effects of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on the healing of collagenase-induced tendinitis of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon: Section A AU - Redding, W. R. AU - Booth, L. C. AU - Pool, R. R. T2 - Equine diagnostic ultrasonography A2 - N. W. Rantanen, A2 - McKinnon, A. O. CN - SF951 .E545 1998 PY - 1998/// SP - 539-542 PB - Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins ER - TY - CHAP TI - Sonographic examination of synovial structures in the horse AU - Redding, W. R. T2 - Equine diagnostic ultrasonography A2 - N. W. Rantanen, A2 - McKinnon, A. O. CN - SF951 .E545 1998 PY - 1998/// SP - 523-538 PB - Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins ER - TY - JOUR TI - Radiographic diagnosis: Pulmonary lymphosarcoma in a goat AU - Rozear, L AU - Love, NE AU - Van Camp, SL T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Veterinary Radiology & UltrasoundVolume 39, Issue 6 p. 528-531 RADIOGAPHIC DIAGNOSIS: PULMONARY LYMPHOSARCOMA IN A GOAT Lance Rozear DVM, Lance Rozear DVM Department of Anatomy Physiological Sciences and Radiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorNancy E. Love DVM, Corresponding Author Nancy E. Love DVM Department of Anatomy Physiological Sciences and Radiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Address correspondence and reprint requests to N.E. Love, DVM, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough St., Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorSandy L. van Camp DVM, Sandy L. van Camp DVM Department of Anatomy Physiological Sciences and Radiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this author Lance Rozear DVM, Lance Rozear DVM Department of Anatomy Physiological Sciences and Radiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorNancy E. Love DVM, Corresponding Author Nancy E. Love DVM Department of Anatomy Physiological Sciences and Radiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Address correspondence and reprint requests to N.E. Love, DVM, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough St., Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this authorSandy L. van Camp DVM, Sandy L. van Camp DVM Department of Anatomy Physiological Sciences and Radiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.Search for more papers by this author First published: 23 May 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01644.xCitations: 8AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCE 1 Craig R, Roth L, Smith MC. Lymphosarcoma in goats. Comp Cont Ed 1986; 8: s190–197. Web of Science®Google Scholar 2 Higgins RJ, Poole A, Wilson KE. Multicentric lymphosarcoma in a Saanen Goat. 1984; 7:114: 114–70. Google Scholar 3 de Silva LNA, Winter MH, Jackson PGG, Bostock DE. Lymphosarcoma involving the mandible in two goats. Vet Record 1985; 117: 276. 10.1136/vr.117.11.276 Google Scholar 4 Baker JC, Sherman DM. Lymphosarcoma in a Nubian Goat. Vet Med Small Anin Clin 1982; 77:4: 557–559. Web of Science®Google Scholar 5 Olson C, Kettmann R, Burny A, Kaja R. Goat lymphosarcoma from bovine leukemia virus. J Natl Cancer Inst 1981; 67:3: 671–675. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 6 CM Fraser, JA Bergeron, A Mays, SE Aiello, eds. Merck veterinary manual, 7th ed. Rahway , NJ : Merck & Co, 1991; 362. Google Scholar 7 Megid J, Muller EE, Freitas JC, et al. Nocardia asteroides mastitis in goats. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia 1990; 42: 545–547. Google Scholar 8 Lynch JA. Nocardiosis. In: JL Howard. Current veterinary therapy 3: Food animal practice. Philadelphia : WB Saunders, 1993; 521–522. Google Scholar 9 Lamb CR. The canine lung. In: DE Thrall. Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia : WB Saunders, 1994; 338. Google Scholar 10 Hungerford TG. Diseases of livestock, 9th ed. Sydney : McGraw-Hill, 1990; 1332. Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume39, Issue6November 1998Pages 528-531 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01644.x VL - 39 IS - 6 SP - 528-531 SN - 1058-8183 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanical comparison of suture material and knot type used for fabello-tibial sutures AU - Nwadike, B. S. AU - Roe, Simon T2 - Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology AB - Summary Many different suture materials have been used for extra-articular stabilization of the canine cruciate-deficient stifle. In this study, two different materials frequently used as fabello-tibial sutures (27-kilogram-test [kgt] nylon fishing line [labeled 60-pound-test] and 27-kgt nylon leader line) and two knot types used to tie these materials (square knot and slip knot) were evaluated mechanically in vitro. Twenty loops of each material were tied with each knot and evaluated. The purpose of the study reported herein was to compare the mechanical performance of two different monofilament nylon materials and two knot types when subjected to: 1) continuous elongation until failure, and 2) cycling 10 times to 100 N followed by elongation to failure testing methods. Nylon leader line tolerated higher failure loads and deformed less than nylon fishing line for both knot types. Nylon fishing line secured with a square knot recovered resting tension more completely following cycling than nylon fishing line secured with a slip knot. Nylon leader line secured with a slip knot recovered resting tension following cycling better than leader line with a square knot and both fishing line groups. When used as fabello-tibial sutures, it is suggested that 27-kgt nylon leader line be secured with a slip knot, and 27-kgt nylon fishing line be secured with a square knot to optimize the mechanical performance of the loop. The influence of knot type on the in vitro mechanical performance of monofilament nylon fishing line and monofilament leader line used as fabello-tibial sutures was investigated. Testing of loops of the materials tied with either a slip knot or a square knot was performed on steel hook attachment points. When used as fabello-tibial sutures, it is suggested that 27-kgt nylon leader line be secured with a slip knot, and 27-kgt nylon fishing line be secured with a square knot to optimize the mechanical performance of the loop. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1055/s-0038-1632608 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 52–57 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fragmented coronoid process and incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle in a Rottweiler AU - Rovesti, G. L. AU - Fluckiger, R. AU - Margini, A. AU - Marcellin-Little, D. J. T2 - Veterinary Surgery AB - Objective —To describe incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle and fragmentation of the medial coronoid process in a Rottweiler. Study Design —Clinical report. Animal Population —A 4‐year‐old sexually intact male Rottweiler. Methods —Physical examination, radiography, and computed tomography of both elbow joints were performed initially. Drill holes were made across the humeral condyle to promote ossification. Radiography and computed tomography were repeated 14 weeks later. Radiography was repeated 15 months later. A mild, intermittent lameness remained. Results —Preoperatively a radiolucent line was present across the right humeral condyle. This radiolucent line remained unchanged 14 weeks after drill holes were made across the condyle. Conclusions —Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle is present in Rottweilers. Clinical Relevance —Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle is present in Rottweilers and may coexist with fragmentation of the medial coronoid process in that breed. The radiographic diagnosis may be difficult because precise positioning is required to see the area of incomplete ossification. Computed tomography may be required to confirm the presence of incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle. Drilling holes across the humeral condyle does not appear to lead to union of the area of incomplete ossification. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00139.x VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 354-357 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feline immunodeficiency virus is shed in semen from experimentally and naturally infected cats AU - Jordan, HL AU - Howard, J AU - Barr, MC AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, S AU - Levy, JK AU - Tompkins, WA T2 - AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES AB - Although a laboratory isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), FIV-NCSU1, has been transmitted by artifical insemination in domestic cats, transmission by naturally infected males during mating has not been reported. In order to determine whether virus shedding in semen is unique to the NCSU1 isolate, we analyzed electroejaculates from four specific-pathogen-free males infected with another laboratory strain, FIVPetaluma, and eight random source males with naturally acquired infections. Seminal cell lysates from the cats infected with the Petaluma isolate were screened by nested polymerase chain reaction amplification for FIV gag DNA. Seminal cells and seminal plasma from these FIV-Petaluma cats were further analyzed for the presence of virus by cocultivation with a feline CD4+ T cell line and Crandell feline kidney cells. Electroejaculates from the naturally infected cats were cocultivated with the T cell line. Our results demonstrated that cell-free FIV was present in seminal plasma from two FI V-Petaluma cats and two naturally infected cats. Cell-associated seminal virus was detected in all of the FIV-Petaluma infected cats and one naturally infected cat. Secretion of viral gag p26 antigen, an indication of active viral replication, was evident in cocultures containing motile sperm purified by a swim-up procedure from a FIV-Petaluma cat. These results confirm that FIV shedding in semen is not restricted to a specific virus isolate. Furthermore, swim-up sperm from FIV-in-fected cats may be infectious in vitro. DA - 1998/8/10/ PY - 1998/8/10/ DO - 10.1089/aid.1998.14.1087 VL - 14 IS - 12 SP - 1087-1092 SN - 1931-8405 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Computed tomographic diagnosis: Use of computed tomography to distinguish a pulmonary mass from alveolar disease AU - Spann, DR AU - Sellon, RK AU - Thrall, DE AU - Bostian, AE AU - Boston, GT T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Veterinary Radiology & UltrasoundVolume 39, Issue 6 p. 532-535 COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS: USE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY TO DISTINGUISH A PULMONARY MASS FROM ALVEOLAR DISEASE Dennis R. Spann DVM, Corresponding Author Dennis R. Spann DVM Department of Companion Animal and Special Species, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dennis R. Spann, DVM, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616.Search for more papers by this authorRance K. Sellon DVM PHD, Rance K. Sellon DVM PHD Department of Companion Animal and Special Species, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606Search for more papers by this authorDonald E. Thrall DVM, PHD, Donald E. Thrall DVM, PHD Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606Search for more papers by this authorAudrey E. Bostian DVM, Audrey E. Bostian DVM Department of Companion Animal and Special Species, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606Search for more papers by this authorGary T. Boston DVM, Gary T. Boston DVM Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, Countryside Pet Hospital, 508-S 10th Street NW, Conover, NC 28613Search for more papers by this author Dennis R. Spann DVM, Corresponding Author Dennis R. Spann DVM Department of Companion Animal and Special Species, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dennis R. Spann, DVM, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616.Search for more papers by this authorRance K. Sellon DVM PHD, Rance K. Sellon DVM PHD Department of Companion Animal and Special Species, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606Search for more papers by this authorDonald E. Thrall DVM, PHD, Donald E. Thrall DVM, PHD Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences, and Radiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606Search for more papers by this authorAudrey E. Bostian DVM, Audrey E. Bostian DVM Department of Companion Animal and Special Species, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606Search for more papers by this authorGary T. Boston DVM, Gary T. Boston DVM Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, Countryside Pet Hospital, 508-S 10th Street NW, Conover, NC 28613Search for more papers by this author First published: 23 May 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01645.xCitations: 15AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCE 1 Suter PF, Carrig C, O'Brien TR, Koller D. Radiographic recognition of primary and metastatic pulmonary neoplasia of dogs and cats. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 1974; 15: 3–24. 2 Lamb CR. The canine lung. 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Citing Literature Volume39, Issue6November 1998Pages 532-535 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01645.x VL - 39 IS - 6 SP - 532-535 SN - 1058-8183 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of topical administration of clotrimazole through surgically placed versus nonsurgically placed catheters for treatment of nasal aspergillosis in dogs: 60 cases (1990-1996) AU - Mathews, K. G. AU - Davidson, A. P. AU - Koblik, P. D. AU - Richardson, E. F. AU - Komtebedde, J. AU - Pappagianis, D. AU - Hector, R. F. AU - Kass, P. H. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 213 IS - 4 SP - 501-507 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Doxycycline hyclate treatment of experimental canine ehrlichiosis followed by challenge inoculation with two Ehrlichia canis strains AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. AU - Hegarty, B. C. AU - Hancock, S. I. T2 - Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 42 IS - 2 SP - 362-368 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of alopecia areata in human and nonhuman mammalian species AU - McElwee, KJ AU - Boggess, D AU - Olivry, T AU - Oliver, RF AU - Whiting, D AU - Tobin, DJ AU - Bystryn, JC AU - King, LE AU - Sundberg, JP T2 - PATHOBIOLOGY AB - Alopecia areata (AA) is a nonscarring form of inflammatory hair loss in humans. AA-like hair loss has also been observed in other species. In recent years the Dundee experimental bald rat and the C3H/HeJ mouse have been put forward as models for human AA. AA in all species presents with a wide range of clinical features from focal, locally extensive, diffuse hair loss, to near universal alopecia. Histologically, all species have dystrophic anagen stage hair follicles associated with a peri- and intrafollicular inflammatory cell infiltrate. Autoantibodies directed against anagen stage hair follicle structures are a consistent finding. Observations on AA pathogenesis suggest nonhuman species can provide excellent models for the human disease. Ultimately, animal models will be used to determine the genetic basis of AA, potential endogenous and/or environmental trigger(s), mechanism(s) of disease initiation and progression, and allow rapid evaluation of new and improved disease treatments. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1159/000028002 VL - 66 IS - 2 SP - 90-107 SN - 1423-0291 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031981917&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - alopecia areata KW - mouse KW - rat KW - dog KW - horse KW - phenotype KW - pathogenesis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Axial vibration of threaded external fixation pins: Detection of pin loosening AU - Kay, MW AU - Roe, SC AU - Stikeleather, LF AU - Mahmoud, A AU - Abrams, CF T2 - ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1114/1.92 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 361-368 SN - 0090-6964 KW - vibration KW - external fixation pin KW - interface KW - loosening KW - nondestructive ER - TY - JOUR TI - 1998 Report of the American Association of Feline Practitioners and Academy of Feline Medicine Advisory Panel on Feline Vaccines AU - Elston, T. AU - Rodan, I. AU - Flemming, D. AU - Ford, R. B. AU - Hustead, D. R. AU - Richards, J. R. AU - Rosen, D. K. AU - ScherkNixon, M. A. AU - Scott, F. W. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 212 IS - 2 SP - 227-241 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What is your diagnosis? Irregular patches of increased opacity can be seen in the medullary cavity of the proximal and middle thirds of the right femur AU - Sebestyen, P. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 212 IS - 4 SP - 493-494 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Twenty years of progress in pet bird research AU - Flammer, K. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 212 IS - 8 SP - 1231-1233 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The lens influences aqueous humor levels of transforming growth factor-beta 2 AU - Allen, JB AU - Davidson, MG AU - Nasisse, MP AU - Fleisher, LN AU - McGahan, MC T2 - GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY DA - 1998/4// PY - 1998/4// DO - 10.1007/s004170050083 VL - 236 IS - 4 SP - 305-311 SN - 0721-832X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence of heartworm infection in cats with signs of cardiorespiratory abnormalities AU - Atkins, C. E. AU - DeFrancesco, T. C. AU - Miller, M. W. AU - Meurs, K. M. AU - Keene, B. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 212 IS - 4 SP - 517-520 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leptospirosis in rehabilitated Pacific harbor seals from California AU - Stamper, MA AU - Gulland, FMD AU - Spraker, T T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES AB - Renal disease was observed in two rehabilitated Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsii) from a facility in California (USA). The seals had leukocytosis and high serum phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations. A retrospective study of leptospiral antibody serum titers indicated both seals had elevated titers to Leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa. A third seal, which died about the time when the index cases occurred, also had elevated titers to L. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa. Post mortem histopathologic examination of all three seals showed tubular necrosis consistent with interstitial nephritis; spirochetes were seen within the kidney parenchyma of the third seal. Sea lions (Zalophus californianus) or elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) housed near the harbor seals were possible sources of exposure, but local wildlife also could have been responsible. DA - 1998/4// PY - 1998/4// DO - 10.7589/0090-3558-34.2.407 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 407-410 SN - 0090-3558 KW - case report KW - harbor seal KW - Leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa KW - leptospirosis KW - Phoca vitulina richardsii KW - renal disease ER - TY - JOUR TI - L-Glutamine and Transforming Growth Factor-α Enhance Recovery of Monoacylglycerol Acyltransferase and Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Activity in Porcine Postischemic Ileum AU - Ahdieh, Navid AU - Blikslager, Anthony T AU - Bhat, B Ganesh AU - Coleman, Rosalind A AU - Argenzio, Robert A AU - Rhoads, J Marc T2 - Pediatric Research AB - Recovery of the ability to digest and absorb lipids is essential to the maintenance of normal nutrition in infants with bowel damage. Two intrinsic microsomal enzymes, monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), catalyze the major pathway for intestinal triacylglycerol biosynthesis. This study describes the effects of intestinal ischemia on epithelial DGAT and MGAT activities and their recovery in response to two luminal treatments: L-glutamine (Gln), the primary intestinal fuel, and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), a mitogenic hormone similar to epidermal growth factor present in breast milk. Ischemic damage and recovery were analyzed in mucosa from Thiry-Vella loops in the mid-ileum of 7-wk-old pigs. Loops were subjected to 2-h occlusion of local mesenteric arteries, followed by 6 or 72 h of recovery in the presence of luminal glucose (control), Gln, or TGF-alpha. Ischemic tissue followed by 6-h recovery exhibited an approximate 50% decrease in both MGAT and DGAT activities compared with nonischemic loop tissue. At 72 h, MGAT and DGAT recovery in Gln plus TGF-alpha-treated loops was significantly greater than their corresponding 6-h peak damage levels (p < 0.05). From 6 to 72 h, MGAT increased 4-fold and DGAT increased 3.6-fold after Gln plus TGF-alpha treatment. With other treatments, MGAT and DGAT activities increased <2.5-fold from 6 to 72 h. This study shows that intestinal MGAT and DGAT activities decrease after ischemic damage, yet recover rapidly in bowel exposed to Gln and/or TGF-alpha. By stimulating the rate of recovery of the villi and lipid synthesizing enzymes, these treatments could improve the efficacy of enteral feeding in infants recovering from bowel damage. DA - 1998/2// PY - 1998/2// DO - 10.1203/00006450-199802000-00012 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 227-233 J2 - Pediatr Res OP - SN - 0031-3998 1530-0447 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199802000-00012 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Dogs from North Carolina and Virginia AU - Goldman, Elizabeth E. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. AU - Grindem, Carol B. AU - Hegarty, Barbara C. AU - Walls, Jennifer J. AU - Dumler, J. Stephen T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Medical records of 3 dogs from North Carolina and 3 dogs from Virginia with ehrlichial morulae in circulating neutrophils were studied retrospectively. Two clinically distinct disease syndromes, including chronic, moderate to severe anemia (n = 3) and polyarthritis (n = 2) were associated with canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (CGE) in these dogs. One dog was clinically healthy, and abnormalities were not detected during physical examination. Clinical signs were nonspecific and included fever, lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. The most frequent laboratory abnormalities were normocytic normochromic nonregenerative anemia, moderate thrombocytopenia with large platelets, lymphopenia, and eosinopenia. Considerable variability was found in the serologic responses to Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia canis , and Ehrlichia chaffeensis antigens among the 5 dogs for which stored sera were available for indirect fluorescent antibody testing. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of portions of the 16S rRNA gene from blood (collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) of 1 severely anemic dog (dog 3) and 1 polyarthritic dog (dog 4) resulted in DNA sequences nearly identical to the GenBank accessions for Ehrlichia ewingii. The DNA sequence from a 3rd dog (dog 5) was most similar to that of E. canis. Serologic or molecular results support the possibility of E. ewingii, E. equi , and E. canis coinfection or serologic cross‐reactivity among canine granulocytic and monocytic Ehrlichia species in dogs from North Carolina and Virginia. Variability in response to tetracycline or doxycycline treatment was noted in these dogs, with more rapid resolution of signs in dogs with polyarthritis. We report the 1st cases of CGE in dogs from North Carolina and Virginia, including recognition of CGE in a healthy dog. DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02096.x VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 61-70 LA - en OP - SN - 0891-6640 1939-1676 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02096.x DB - Crossref KW - anemia KW - polyarthritis KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - tick-transmitted rickettsia ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of urine protein content in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism AU - Hurley, K. J. AU - Vaden, S. L. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 212 IS - 3 SP - 369-373 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Radiation therapy and surgery for fibrosarcoma in 33 cats AU - Cronin, K AU - Page, RL AU - Spodnick, G AU - Dodge, R AU - Hardie, EN AU - Price, GS AU - Ruslander, D AU - Thrall, DE T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Thirty‐three cats with histologically confirmed fibrosarcomas were treated with radiation therapy followed by surgery. The median (95% confidence interval) disease free interval and overall survival were 398 (261,924) and 600 (lower limit 515) days, respectively. There were 19 treatment failures; 11 cats had only local recurrence, 4 cats developed metastatic disease, 3 cats had local recurrence followed by metastasis, and 1 cat developed simultaneous local and distant disease. Twelve cats are alive and discase free. Two cats died without evidence of treatment failure. The presence of tumor cells at the margin of resected tissue after radiation was the only variable which influenced treatment success. The median (95% confidence interval) disease free interval in 5 cats with tumor cells at the margin of the resected specimen was 112 (94,150) days versus 700 (lower limit 328) days for 26 cats with negative tumor margins, p<0.0001. We did not identify a relationship between tumor volume, number of prior tumor excisions, concomitant use of chemotherapy or various descriptors of the radiation therapy technique and disease free interval. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb00325.x VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 51-56 SN - 1058-8183 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative determination of ceftiofur in milk by liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry AU - Keever, J AU - Voyksner, RD AU - Tyczkowska, KL T2 - JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A AB - A liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry (LC–ES-MS) was developed for the quantitation of ceftiofur in milk at the 50 ppb tolerance level set by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the drug. The method used ultrafiltration as a simple and rapid means to prepare the sample for analysis. A 100 μl volume of ultrafiltrate containing ceftiofur was concentrated on-column for LC–MS analysis. The LC separation was accomplished using an acetonitrile gradient with the ion-pair reagent heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA). Propionic acid was added after the LC column to minimize electrospray signal suppression, enhancing the response for ceftiofur by a factor of 10. The transmission ions from the electrospray interface to the MS was enhanced by a factor of 7 by using a Rf ion guide. The development method could detect ceftiofur to 10 ppb and quantitate the antibiotic from 25–200 ppb (linear correlation coefficient of 0.993). The analysis indicated that bovine milk collected 32 h after dosing with ceftiofur was above the FDA tolerance of 50 ppb, while milk collected 48 h after dosing was found to contain 24–31 ppb of ceftiofur. DA - 1998/1/23/ PY - 1998/1/23/ DO - 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00933-3 VL - 794 IS - 1-2 SP - 57-62 SN - 0021-9673 KW - mass spectrometry KW - ceftiofur ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modulation of doxorubicin concentration by cyclosporin A in brain and testicular barrier tissues expressing P-glycoprotein in rats AU - Hughes, CS AU - Vaden, SL AU - Manaugh, CA AU - Price, GS AU - Hudson, LC T2 - JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1023/A:1005900908540 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 45-54 SN - 1573-7373 KW - cyclosporin A KW - blood-tissue barrier KW - P-glycoprotein KW - multidrug resistance KW - doxorubicin KW - cisplatin ER - TY - JOUR TI - Two signaling mechanisms for activation of alpha(M)beta(2) avidity in polymorphonuclear neutrophils AU - Jones, SL AU - Knaus, UG AU - Bokoch, GM AU - Brown, EJ T2 - JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AB - Circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are quiescent, nonadherent cells that rapidly activate at sites of inflammation, where they develop the capacity to perform a repertoire of functions that are essential for host defense. Induction of integrin-mediated adhesion, which requires an increase in integrin avidity, is critical for the development of these effector functions. Although a variety of stimuli can activate integrins in PMN, the signaling cascades involved are unclear. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase has been implicated in integrin activation in a variety of cells, including PMN. In this work, we have examined activation of the PMN integrin αMβ2, assessing both adhesion and generation of the epitope recognized by the activation-specific antibody CBRM1/5. We have found that PI 3-kinase has a role in activation of αMβ2 by immune complexes, but we have found no role for it in αMβ2 activation by ligands for trimeric G protein-coupled receptors, including formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP), interleukin-8, and C5a. Cytochalasin D inhibition suggests a role for the actin cytoskeleton in immune complex activation of αMβ2, but cytochalasin has no effect on fMLP-induced activation. Similarly, immune complex activation of the Rac/Cdc42-dependent serine/threonine kinase Pak1 is blocked by PI 3-kinase inhibitors, but fMLP-induced activation is not. These results demonstrate that two signaling pathways exist in PMN for activation of αMβ2. One, induced by FcγR ligation, is PI 3-kinase-dependent and requires the actin cytoskeleton. The second, initiated by G protein-linked receptors, is PI 3-kinase-independent and cytochalasin-insensitive. Pak1 may be in a final common pathway leading to activation of αMβ2. Circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are quiescent, nonadherent cells that rapidly activate at sites of inflammation, where they develop the capacity to perform a repertoire of functions that are essential for host defense. Induction of integrin-mediated adhesion, which requires an increase in integrin avidity, is critical for the development of these effector functions. Although a variety of stimuli can activate integrins in PMN, the signaling cascades involved are unclear. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase has been implicated in integrin activation in a variety of cells, including PMN. In this work, we have examined activation of the PMN integrin αMβ2, assessing both adhesion and generation of the epitope recognized by the activation-specific antibody CBRM1/5. We have found that PI 3-kinase has a role in activation of αMβ2 by immune complexes, but we have found no role for it in αMβ2 activation by ligands for trimeric G protein-coupled receptors, including formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP), interleukin-8, and C5a. Cytochalasin D inhibition suggests a role for the actin cytoskeleton in immune complex activation of αMβ2, but cytochalasin has no effect on fMLP-induced activation. Similarly, immune complex activation of the Rac/Cdc42-dependent serine/threonine kinase Pak1 is blocked by PI 3-kinase inhibitors, but fMLP-induced activation is not. These results demonstrate that two signaling pathways exist in PMN for activation of αMβ2. One, induced by FcγR ligation, is PI 3-kinase-dependent and requires the actin cytoskeleton. The second, initiated by G protein-linked receptors, is PI 3-kinase-independent and cytochalasin-insensitive. Pak1 may be in a final common pathway leading to activation of αMβ2. Phagocytes are essential cells in host defense of metazoan organisms because they prevent the systemic spread of invading pathogens. Phagocytic cells such as monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) 1The abbreviations used are: PMN, polymorphonuclear neutrophil(s); IC, immune complexes; IIC, insoluble immune complexes; fMLP, formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine; IAP, integrin-associated protein (CD47); HLA, human leukocyte antigen; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; MBP, myelin basic protein; BSA, bovine serum albumin; FCS, fetal calf serum; IL, interleukin; mAb, monoclonal antibody; PT, pertussis toxin; HBSS, Hanks' buffered salts solution; PIP3, PI (3,4,5)-trisphosphate; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; RT, room temperature; PKC, protein kinase C. circulate throughout tissues to be able to initiate a rapid response to injury and infection. At sites of inflammation and infection, these cells perform many functions, including ingestion and killing of invading organisms, generation of inflammatory mediators, and initiation of an immune response. The acquisition of these effector functions required for successful host defense is called phagocyte activation. Adhesion is required to develop the full effector phenotype in phagocytes and, indeed, in other leukocytes as well (reviewed in Refs. 1Larson R.S. Springer T.A. Immunol. Rev. 1990; 114: 181-217Crossref PubMed Scopus (519) Google Scholar and 2Berton G. Yan S. Fumagalli L. Lowell C. Int. J. Clin. Lab. Res. 1996; 26: 160-177Crossref PubMed Scopus (97) Google Scholar). We have used human PMN as a model cell to study how adhesion regulates this phenotypic change and the critical role of leukocyte integrins in this process. PMN express β1, β2, and β3 integrins, but integrins other than the β2 family (also known as LeuCAM or CD18 integrins) are present in low number. In particular, the CD18 integrin αMβ2 plays a central role in PMN activation at sites of inflammation (3Anderson D. Schmalstieg F. Arnaout M. Kohl S. Dickey W. Abramson J. Springer T. Boxer L. Hollers J. Smith C. J. 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All known isoforms of mammalian PI 3-kinase share sensitivity to the pharmacologic agent wortmannin (26Stephens L. Equinoa A. Erdjument-Bromage H. Lui M. Cooke F. Coadwell J. Smrcka A. Thelen M. Cadwaller K. Tempst P. Hawkins P. Cell. 1997; 89: 105-114Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (494) Google Scholar, 30Stephens L. Cooke F. Walters R. Jackson T. Volinia S. Gout I. Waterfield M. Hawkins P. Curr. Biol. 1994; 4: 203-214Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (131) Google Scholar, 31Stephens L. Smrcka A. Cooke F.T. Jackson T.R. Sternweis P.C. Hawkins P.T. Cell. 1994; 77: 83-93Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (520) Google Scholar), which inhibits PI 3-kinase activity by binding to the lipid-binding domain of the catalytic subunit (32Okada T. Sakuma L. Fukui Y. Hazeki O. Ui M. J. Biol. Chem. 1994; 269: 3563-3567Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar, 33Arcaro A. Wymann M.P. Biochem. J. 1993; 296: 297-301Crossref PubMed Scopus (1055) Google Scholar). Whereas wortmannin specifically inhibits PI 3-kinase activity at concentrations in the low nanomolar range (26Stephens L. Equinoa A. Erdjument-Bromage H. Lui M. Cooke F. Coadwell J. Smrcka A. Thelen M. Cadwaller K. Tempst P. Hawkins P. Cell. 1997; 89: 105-114Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (494) Google Scholar, 30Stephens L. Cooke F. Walters R. Jackson T. Volinia S. Gout I. Waterfield M. Hawkins P. Curr. Biol. 1994; 4: 203-214Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (131) Google Scholar, 31Stephens L. Smrcka A. Cooke F.T. Jackson T.R. Sternweis P.C. Hawkins P.T. Cell. 1994; 77: 83-93Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (520) Google Scholar), higher concentrations inhibit PI 4-kinase and myosin light chain kinase activity (34Nakanishi S. Catt K.J. Balla T. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1995; 92: 5317-5321Crossref PubMed Scopus (311) Google Scholar, 35Nakanishi S. Kakita S. Takahashi I. Kawahara K. Tsukuda E. Sano T. Yamada K. Yoshida M. Kase H. Matsuda Y. Hashimoto Y. Nonomura Y. J. Biol. Chem. 1992; 267: 2157-2163Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar). A second agent called LY294002 inhibits PI 3-kinase activity of the p85/p110 isoforms by binding the ATP-binding site of p110, but it has no effect on PI 4-kinase activity at doses up to 100 μm (36Vlahos C. Matter W. Hui K. Brown R. J. Biol. Chem. 1994; 269: 5241-5248Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar). These pharmacologic agents have been extremely useful in delineating cellular activities in which PI 3-kinase has a role, including regulation of adhesion. Wortmannin has been shown to inhibit β1integrin-mediated adhesion to fibronectin of stem cell factor-treated mast cells (37Serve H. Yee N. Stella G. Sepp-Lorenzino L. Tan J. Besmer P. EMBO J. 1995; 14: 473-483Crossref PubMed Scopus (201) Google Scholar) and CD-2 transfected HL-60 cells (38Shimizu Y. Mobley J. Finkelstein L. Chan A. J. Cell Biol. 1995; 131: 1867-1880Crossref PubMed Scopus (109) Google Scholar); thrombin- and FcγRII-induced, β3 integrin-mediated aggregation of platelets (39Chacko G. Brandt J. Coggeshall K. Anderson C. J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 10775-10781Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (106) Google Scholar, 40Kovacsovics T.J. Bachelot C. Toker A. Vlahos C.J. Duckworth B. Cantley L.C. Hartwig J.H. J. Biol. Chem. 1995; 270: 11358-11366Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (199) Google Scholar, 41Zhang J. Zhang J. Shattil S. Cunningham M. Rittenhouse S. J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 6265-6272Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (128) Google Scholar); and β2 integrin-dependent homotypic adhesion of IL-2-treated lymphocytes (42Nielsen M. Svejgaard A. Skov S. Dobson P. Bendtzen K. Geisler C. Odum N. J. Immunol. 1996; 157: 5350-5358PubMed Google Scholar). Use of PDGF and CD28 receptor mutants that no longer bind PI 3-kinase has provided strong evidence that PI 3-kinase is important for regulating PDGF- and CD28-induced adhesion in mast cells and HL-60 cells, respectively (43Zell T. Hunt S. Mobley J. Finkelstein L. Shimizu Y. J. Immunol. 1996; 156: 883-886PubMed Google Scholar,44Kinashi T. Escobedo J.A. Williams L.T. Takatsu K. Springer T.A. Blood. 1995; 86: 2086-2090Crossref PubMed Google Scholar). Furthermore, expression of dominant negative mutants of the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase blocks CD7-induced activation of β1 integrins in human T cells (45Chan A.S.H. Mobley J.L. Fields G.B. Shimizu Y. J. Immunol. 1997; 159: 934-942PubMed Google Scholar). Although these data strongly suggest that PI 3-kinase activity is an important early event in inside-out signaling regulating integrin-mediated adhesion, the mechanism by which PI 3-kinase regulates adhesion is not clear nor is the generality of the requirement for PI 3-kinase in integrin activation. PDGF receptors, for example, can activate β1integrins by PI 3-kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms (44Kinashi T. Escobedo J.A. Williams L.T. Takatsu K. Springer T.A. Blood. 1995; 86: 2086-2090Crossref PubMed Google Scholar). Whether PI 3-kinase has a role in αMβ2activation in PMN is not known. FcγR-induced phagocytosis (46Ninomiya N. Hazeki K. Fukui Y. Seya T. Okada T. Hazeki O. Ui M. J. Biol. Chem. 1994; 269: 22732-22737Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar), fMLP-induced respiratory burst activity (32Okada T. Sakuma L. Fukui Y. Hazeki O. Ui M. J. Biol. Chem. 1994; 269: 3563-3567Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar, 33Arcaro A. Wymann M.P. Biochem. J. 1993; 296: 297-301Crossref PubMed Scopus (1055) Google Scholar, 47Thelen M. Wymann M.P. Langen H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1994; 91: 4960-4964Crossref PubMed Scopus (203) Google Scholar), and PDGF-induced chemotaxis (48Thelen M. Uguccioni M. Bosiger J. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1995; 217: 1255-1262Crossref PubMed Scopus (90) Google Scholar) in PMN are inhibited by wortmannin. Since each of these events depends on activated integrins, these data suggest the hypothesis that PI 3-kinase is a component of the inside-out signaling pathway regulating integrin activation in PMN. However, PMN contain an intracellular pool of αMβ2 which is rapidly expressed at the plasma membrane upon activation (15Arnaout M. Wang E. Clark S. Sieff C. J. Clin. Invest. 1986; 78: 597-601Crossref PubMed Scopus (204) Google Scholar, 49Todd R. Arnaout M. Rosin R. Crowley C. Peters W. Babior B. J. Clin. Invest. 1984; 74: 1280-1290Crossref PubMed Scopus (170) Google Scholar). While this intracellular pool is not required for PMN binding to endothelia or for aggregation (50Scheiffenbaum B. Moser R. Patarroyo M. Fehr J. J. Immunol. 1989; 142: 3537-3545PubMed Google Scholar, 51Buyon J.P. Abramson S.N. Philips M.R. Slade S.G. Ross G.D. Weissman G. Winchester R.J. J. Immunol. 1988; 140: 3156-3160PubMed Google Scholar, 52Vedder N.B. Harlan J.M. J. Clin. Invest. 1988; 81: 676-682Crossref PubMed Scopus (243) Google Scholar), it is necessary for optimal adhesion (53Hughes B. Hollers J. Crockett-Torabi E. Smith C. J. Clin. Invest. 1992; 90: 1687-1696Crossref PubMed Scopus (163) Google Scholar). The role of PI 3-kinase in regulating the expression of this intracellular pool at the plasma membrane is unknown. We tested the importance of PI 3-kinase in regulating integrin activation in PMN in two well characterized experimental systems for activating β2 integrin-dependent adhesion. FcγR ligation activates αMβ2 through initiation of a tyrosine kinase cascade, whereas fMLP requires a heterotrimeric G-protein to initiate signaling in PMN. Our results suggest that two pathways exist for activating β2integrin-dependent adhesion in PMN. The FcγR-initiated pathway is dependent on PI 3-kinase activity and is inhibited by cytochalasin D, whereas the fMLP-induced increase in αMβ2 avidity is independent of PI 3-kinase and unaffected by cytochalasin D. FcγR-mediated enhancement of αMβ2 expression is inhibited by wortmannin, but increased expression is not required for adhesion. Importantly, both pathways activate Pak1, a recently described serine/threonine kinase implicated in membrane ruffling and focal adhesion formation (54Sells M. Knaus U. Bagrodia S. Ambrose D. Bokoch G. Chernoff J. Curr. Biol. 1997; 7: 202-210Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (579) Google Scholar). FcγR-induced activation of Pak1 is PI 3-kinase-dependent, whereas fMLP-induced activation of Pak1 is independent of PI 3-kinase, potentially placing Pak1 in a common pathway leading to activation of αMβ2avidity. These data demonstrate that there is more than one molecular pathway for inside-out signaling and suggest that the effects of tyrosine kinase cascades, and G protein-dependent signaling on integrin function may be mediated by distinct mechanisms that converge on a common pathway involving Pak1. Cytochalasin D, PMA, fMLP, dimethyl sulfoxide, rabbit polyclonal anti-BSA antiserum, C5a, BSA, poly-l-lysine, glutaraldehyde, fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated F(ab′)2 sheep anti-mouse IgG antibody, MBP, and EGTA were from Sigma. [γ-32P]ATP was from ICN (Irvine, CA). Phosphate-buffered saline and 10× stock HBSS were from Life Technologies, Inc. Protein A-conjugated Sepharose, Ficoll-Paque, and Dextran T500 were obtained from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech (Uppsala Sweden). IL-8 was purchased from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA), and pertussis toxin was obtained from List Biologicals (Campbell, CA). 1 m stock Hepes and 7.5% sodium bicarbonate were from BioWhittaker (Walkersville, MD). Wortmannin and LY294002 were obtained from LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA). Fetal calf serum (FCS) was from Hyclone (Logan, UT). Calcein and Celltracker Green CMFDA were from Molecular Probes (Eugene OR). Tissue culture plates and 96-well Immulon 2 plates were from Becton-Dickinson (Franklin Lakes, NJ) and Dynatech (Chantilly, VA), respectively. Monoclonal Abs 3G8 (anti-FcγRIII) (55Fleit H.B. Wright S.D. Unkeless J.C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1982; 79: 3275-3279Crossref PubMed Scopus (437) Google Scholar), IV.3 (anti-FcγRII) (56Looney R.J. Ryan D.H. Takahashi K. Fleit H.B. Cohen H.J. Abraham G.N. Anderson C.L. J. Exp. Med. 1986; 163: 826-836Crossref PubMed Scopus (116) Google Scholar), IB4 (anti-β2, CD18) (57Wright S.D. Rao P.E. Wesley C. van Voorhis W.C. Craigmyle L.S. 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Science. 1995; 269: 221-223Crossref PubMed Scopus (358) Google Scholar) were prepared as described. Human PMN were isolated from whole blood exactly as described (63Gresham H.D. Clement L.D. Volanakis J.E. Brown E.J. J. Immunol. 1987; 139: 4159-4166PubMed Google Scholar) except hypotonic lysis was not performed. PMN were greater than 98% viable as indicated by the exclusion of trypan blue dye. Cells were suspended in HBSS (Hanks' buffered salts solution with 20 mm Hepes and 8.9 mm sodium bicarbonate) with 1.0 mmMg2+ and 1 mm Ca2+(HBSS2+) or HBSS with 0.5 mm Mn2+ for adhesion assays and flow cytometry. Purified human PMN (1 × 107/ml) were incubated with 2 μg/ml calcein in HBSS for 30 min at RT. The cells were washed once and resuspended in HBSS2+ at 2 × 106/ml. For adhesion experiments in the presence of Mn2+, the cells were washed in HBSS with 2 mm EGTA once, HBSS2+ or HBSS + 0.5 mm Mn2+ once, and resuspended in HBSS2+ or HBSS + 0.5 mm Mn2+. Cells were treated with wortmannin or LY294002 at the indicated concentration or Me2SO as a control for 15 min at 37 °C or with pertussis toxin (2 μg/ml) or control buffer in HBSS + 1% human serum albumin for 2 h at 37 °C. For antibody inhibition experiments, cells were incubated with 10 or 25 μg/ml of the appropriate antibody for 15 min at RT. 1 × 105 cells were added per well to Immulon 2 plates coated with BSA and a 1:25 dilution of rabbit anti-BSA to form IC or 5% FCS as described (64Graham I.L. Anderson D.C. Holers V.M. Brown E.J. J. Cell Biol. 1994; 127: 1139-1147Crossref PubMed Scopus (87) Google Scholar). For PMA or fMLP-stimulated adhesion, PMA (50 μg/ml final), fMLP (100 nm final), or Me2SO control was added to the cells after allowing them to settle onto FCS-coated wells for 6 min at RT. The cells were incubated at 37 °C for the indicated time. The fluorescence (485 nm excitation and 530 nm emission wavelengths) was measured using a fMax fluorescence plate reader (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA) before and after washing twice with 150 μl of phosphate-buffered saline. Percent adhesion was calculated by dividing the fluorescence after washing by the fluorescence before washing. In preliminary experiments, fluorescence was shown to be linearly related to cell number (data not shown). Purified PMN (4 × 106/ml in HBSS2+) were treated with wortmannin (100 nm) or Me2SO for 15 min at 37 °C. For experiments with pertussis toxin, 1 × 107 cells/ml were incubated with pertussis toxin (2 μg/ml) or control buffer for 2 h at 37 °C and then washed. 2 × 106 cells were then treated with 30 μl insoluble IC (IIC) prepared exactly as described (65Rosales C. Brown E.J. J. Biol. Chem. 1992; 267: 5265-5271Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar), fMLP (100 nm), C5a (50 nm), IL-8 (100 nm), or PMA (50 μg/ml) at 37 °C for 10 min, placed on ice, washed once with ice-cold wash buffer (phosphate-buffered saline, 1% FCS, 0.1% sodium azide), and resuspended in 100 μl of wash buffer plus primary antibody (25 μg/ml). Cells were incubated with primary antibody for 40 min on ice and then washed twice. After incubation with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated F(ab′)2 sheep anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody at a 1:50 dilution in 200 μl of wash buffer for 20 min on ice, cells were washed twice, and the relative fluorescence of gated PMN was measured using a EPICS XL (Coulter, Miami, FL) flow cytometer. For Mn2+ experiments, cells were treated with wortmannin, washed, resuspended in HBSS2+ or HBSS + 0.5 mm Mn2+, and incubated for 10 min at 37 °C and then placed on ice. Primary antibody was added directly to the cells (25 μg/ml) for 40 min on ice, washed twice, and incubated with secondary antibody as above. All washes were done with HBSS containing appropriate divalent cations. Purified PMN were suspended at 1 × 107 cells/ml in HBSS2+. After pretreatment with wortmannin, LY294002, pertussis toxin, or control buffer as described above, 7.5 × 106 cells were added to 6-well plates coated with IC or FCS as described (66Jones S. Brown E. J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 14623-14630Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (58) Google Scholar) or stimulated in suspension with fMLP (100 nm). After incubating at 37 °C, the cells were lysed by adding cold 2× lysis buffer (1% Nonidet P-40, 150 mm NaCl, 5 mm EGTA, 50 mm NaF, 5 mm sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mmNaVO4, 5 mg/ml leupeptin and aprotinin, and 1 mm diisopropyl fluorophosphate, final concentration) for 30 min on ice. Pak1 was immunoprecipitated from the lysates with 5 μl of rabbit anti-Pak1 antiserum and 40 μl of a 1:1 slurry of Protein A-Sepharose for 2 h at 4 °C. The immunoprecipitates were washed four times with lysis buffer and two times with reaction buffer (25 mm Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 10 mm MgCl2). Kinase reactions were performed with the Pak1 immunoprecipitates by adding 30 μl of reaction buffer with 2.5 μg of MBP to the beads, incubating for 10 min at RT, followed by 10 μl of reaction buffer containing 100 μm cold ATP and 0.5 μCi of [γ-32P]ATP (4500 Ci/mmol) for a final ATP concentration of 25 μm. The reactions were incubated for 20 min at 30 °C, after which the reaction was stopped with 50 μl of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis sample buffer containing 10% SDS. Phosphorylation of MBP was detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transfer to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes, and autoradiography. For each experiment, Pak1 protein was immunoblotted using anti-Pak1 antiserum (1:1000) primary antibody, horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antiserum (20 μg/ml) secondary antibody, and enhanced chemiluminescence substrate (ECL, Pierce) to ensure that equivalent amounts of kinase protein were added to each in vitro kinase reaction. PI 3-kinase activity is required for adhesion of a variety of cell types to fibronectin (37Serve H. Yee N. Stella G. Sepp-Lorenzino L. Tan J. Besmer P. EMBO J. 1995; 14: 473-483Crossref PubMed Scopus (201) Google Scholar, 38Shimizu Y. Mobley J. Finkelstein L. Chan A. J. Cell Biol. 1995; 131: 1867-1880Crossref PubMed Scopus (109) Google Scholar), agonist-induced aggregation and up-regulation of activated αIIbβ3 expression in platelets (39Chacko G. Brandt J. Coggeshall K. Anderson C. J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 10775-10781Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (106) Google Scholar, 40Kovacsovics T.J. Bachelot C. Toker A. Vlahos C.J. Duckworth B. Cantley L.C. Hartwig J.H. J. Biol. Chem. 1995; 270: 11358-11366Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (199) Google Scholar, 41Zhang J. Zhang J. Shattil S. Cunningham M. Rittenhouse S. J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 6265-6272Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (128) Google Scholar), and PDGF-induced chemotaxis in PMN (48Thelen M. Uguccioni M. Bosiger J. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1995; 217: 1255-1262Crossref PubMed Scopus (90) Google Scholar), suggesting that PI 3-kinase activity is important for integrin activation. FcγR-induced phagocytosis in PMN is blocked by wortmannin (46Ninomiya N. Hazeki K. Fukui Y. Seya T. Okada T. Hazeki O. Ui M. J. Biol. Chem. 1994; 269: 22732-22737Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar), suggesting that PI 3-kinase activity may be required for FcγR-induced signal transduction and effector functions in PMN. We used two pharmacologic inhibitors of PI 3-kinase, wortmannin and LY294002, to test the hypothesis that PI 3-kinase activity is required for FcγR-induced, β2 integrin-dependent adhesion to IC in PMN. Adhesion of control PMN to IC was maximal by 15 min and sustained for up to 40 min (Ref. 8Graham I.L. Lefkowith J.B. Anderson D.C. Brown E.J. J. Cell Biol. 1993; 120: 1509-1517Crossref PubMed Scopus (65) Google Scholar and Fig. 1 A). PMN pretreated with wortmannin or LY294002 initially adhered to IC-coated surfaces identically to control cells, even at inhibitor concentrations up to 1 and 200 μm, respectively (Fig. 1, A and C, and data not shown). However, after 10 min, adhesion of both wortmannin- and LY294002-treated PMN to IC decreased until there was no specific, IC-dependent adhesion by 40 min (Fig. 1,A and C). Similar kinetics of adhesion were obtained with PMN pretreated with wortmannin for 30 min. Non-adherent, wortmannin-treated PMN excluded trypan blue dye, demonstrating that they were viable. Although the wortmannin and LY294002-treated PMN cells initially (<10 min) spread as well as control cells on IC, after 10 min spreading decreased until by 40 min the cells were completely round (data not shown). In contrast, PMA-induced adhesion to, and spreading on, FCS were not affected at DA - 1998/4/24/ PY - 1998/4/24/ DO - 10.1074/jbc.273.17.10556 VL - 273 IS - 17 SP - 10556-10566 SN - 0021-9258 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/9553116 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sequential evaluation of dogs naturally infected with Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia ewingii, or Bartonella vinsonii AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. AU - Hegarty, B. C. AU - Hancock, S. I. T2 - Journal of Clinical Microbiology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 36 IS - 9 SP - 2645-2651 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regulatory zeal AU - King-Herbert, A. AU - Hamm, T. E. T2 - Lab Animal DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 27 IS - 10 SP - 1313 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Imaging basilar skull fractures in the horse: A review AU - Ramirez, O AU - Jorgensen, JS AU - Thrall, DE T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Due to the complex nature of the anatomy of the equine head, superimposition of numerous structures, and poor soft tissue differentiation, radiography may be of limited value in the diagnosis of basilar skull fractures. However, in many horses radiographic changes such as soft tissue opacification of the guttural pouch region, irregular bone margination at the sphenoccipital line, attenuation of the nasopharynx, ventral displacement of the dorsal pharyngeal wall and the presence of irregularly shaped bone fragments in the region of the guttural pouches are suggestive of a fracture of the skull base. These findings in conjunction with physical examination findings and historical information may lead to a presumptive diagnosis of a fracture. When available and when the patient will accommodate the equipment, computed tomography may give a definitive diagnosis owing to its superior resolution and differentiation of soft tissue structures. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01624.x VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 391-395 SN - 1058-8183 KW - basisphenoid KW - basilar skull KW - fracture KW - guttural pouch KW - equine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transferrin in after-cataract and as a survival factor for lens epithelium AU - Davidson, MG AU - Harned, J AU - Grimes, AM AU - Duncan, G AU - Wormstone, IM AU - McGahan, MC T2 - EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH AB - The Fe-transport protein, transferrin (Tf), is synthesized and secreted by whole lenses and cultured lens epithelial cells. Because of Tf's central role in cell growth and proliferation, its participation in lens cell proliferation following cataract extraction was explored using a rabbit model of after-cataract. Varying amounts of the central anterior lens capsule were removed (0, 35, or 80%) following extraction of the lens. The Tf content of and secretion by after-cataract lens capsular sacs containing regenerated lens tissue was determined ex vivo at 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks post-surgery. In all cases Tf content of and secretion by the lens sacs was higher than that of their contralateral controls (whole lenses). Tf secretion was up to 5-fold higher and metabolic labeling studies indicated secretion of newly synthesized Tf. The sacs contained up to 10 times the concentration of Tf as the control lenses. Human lens after-cataract capsular bags also secreted Tf. The function of Tf as a survival factor was tested on cultured lens epithelial cells. Cells cultured in serum-free medium had a survival rate of only 20-34% if the medium was changed each day. If the medium was never changed during this period, the survival rate was 43-52%, suggesting secretion of essential growth factors by these cells. Addition of 200 microg ml-1 Tf to the medium during each daily change increased survival to levels attained when the medium was not changed. Addition of Tf antibodies to the culture medium during each daily change decreased cell survival to 14%. Apparently Tf acts as a survival factor for lens epithelia and its synthesis is up-regulated in after-cataract lens sacs. These factors suggest that Tf may play an important role in the pathogenesis of lens epithelial cell proliferation and after-cataract formation following cataract surgery. DA - 1998/2// PY - 1998/2// DO - 10.1006/exer.1997.0413 VL - 66 IS - 2 SP - 207-215 SN - 1096-0007 KW - transferrin KW - after-cataract KW - human KW - rabbit KW - lens KW - epithelial cells KW - growth factors ER - TY - JOUR TI - The thermoregulatory functions of the Triceratops frill and horns: Heat flow measured with oxygen isotopes AU - Barrick, RE AU - Stoskopf, MK AU - Marcot, JD AU - Russell, DA AU - Showers, WJ T2 - JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Variability of body temperature within fossil vertebrates can be measured by the oxygen isotopie composition of bone phosphate (δp). Intrabone and interbone δp variations indicate heat flow within an individual and can be used to establish thermoregulatory strategies such as homeothermy and regional heterothermy. This method is applied to an individual Triceratops skeleton where the results suggest very high and uniform heat flow through the parietal frill, maintaining mean frill temperatures between 0–4°C below the body core. Heat flow to the postorbital horn-core is much more variable. The frill and horn cores of Triceratops were used as thermoregulatory structures with the horn cores interpreted as being especially important in the stabilization of brain temperatures at extreme ambient temperatures and the frill serving a more consistent role in body temperature regulation. DA - 1998/12// PY - 1998/12// DO - 10.1080/02724634.1998.10011103 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 746-750 SN - 0272-4634 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systemic Plasmacytosis and Polyclonal Gammopathy in a Dog AU - Gookin, Jody L. AU - Sellon, Ranee K. AU - McDorman, Kevin S. AU - Geoly, Frank J. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 12, Issue 6 p. 471-474 Open Access Systemic Plasmacytosis and Polyclonal Gammopathy in a Dog Jody L. Gookin, Jody L. Gookin Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this authorRanee K. Sellon, Corresponding Author Ranee K. Sellon Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164–6610; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorKevin S. McDorman, Kevin S. McDorman Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this authorFrank J. Geoly, Frank J. Geoly Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this author Jody L. Gookin, Jody L. Gookin Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this authorRanee K. Sellon, Corresponding Author Ranee K. Sellon Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164–6610; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorKevin S. McDorman, Kevin S. McDorman Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this authorFrank J. Geoly, Frank J. Geoly Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCSearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 February 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02152.xCitations: 1 Dr. Sellon is presently affiliated with the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References 1 Edgell CJS. McDonald CC, Graham IB. Permanent cell line expressing human factor VIII-related antigen established by hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80: 3734– 3737. 2 Rivas AI, Tintle L., Kimball ES, et al. A canine febrile disorder associated with elevated interleukin-6. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1992; 64: 36– 45. 3 Watanabe S., Ohara K., Kukita A., et al. Systemic plasmacytosis: A syndrome of peculiar multiple skin eruptions, generalized lymphadenopathy, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Arch Dermatol 1986; 122: 1314– 1320. 4 Uhara H., Saida T., Ikegawa S., et al. Primary cutaneous plasmacytosis: Report of three cases and review of the literature. Dermatology 1994; 189: 251– 255. 5 Kodama A., Tani M., Hori K., et al. Systemic and cutaneous plasmacytosis with multiple skin lesions and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia: Significant serum interleukin-6 levels. Br J Dermatol 1992; 127: 49– 53. 6 Lee DW, Choi SW, Park JW, et al. Systemic plasmacytosis: A case which improved with melphalan. J Dermatol 1995; 22: 205– 209. 7 Ishii N., Hayashi M., Nakajima H., et al. A case of cutaneous plasmacytosis. J Dermatol 1984; 11: 565– 569. 8 Aso M., Shimao S. An unusual case of cutaneous plasmacytosis. J Dermatol 1982; 9: 149– 152. 9 Kitamura K., Tamura N., Hatano H., et al. A case of plasmacytosis with multiple peculiar eruptions. J Dermatol 1980; 7: 341– 349. 10 Ogilvie GK, Moore AS. Managing the Veterinary Cancer Patient. Trenton , NJ : Veterinary Learning Systems; 1995: 280– 290. 11 Vail DM. Plasma cell neoplasms. In: SJ Withrow, EG MacEwen, eds. Small Animal Clinical Oncology. Philadelphia , PA : WB Saunders; 1996: 509– 520. 12 Matus RE, Leifer CE, MacEwen EG, et al. Prognostic factors for multiple myeloma in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986; 188: 1288– 1292. 13 Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CG. Small Animal Dermatology. Philadelphia , PA : WB Saunders; 1995: 1073– 1076. 14 Clark GN, Berg J., Engler SJ, et al. Extramedullary plasmacytomas in dogs: Results of surgical excision in 131 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1992; 28: 105– 111. 15 Walton GS, Gopinath C. Multiple myeloma in a dog with some unusual features. J Small Anim Pract 1972; 13: 703– 708. 16 Trigo FJ, Hargis AM. Canine cutaneous plasmacytoma with regional lymph node metastasis. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1983; 78: 1749– 1751. 17 Lester SJ, Mesfin GM. A solitary plasmacytoma in a dog with progression to a disseminated myeloma. Can Vet J 1980; 21: 284– 286. 18 Yager JA, Wilcock BR. Surgical Pathology of the Dog and Cat. London : Wolfe; 1994: 283– 284. 19 Kyriazidou A., Brown PJ, Lucke VM. An immunohistochemical study of canine extramedullary plasma cell tumors. J Comp Pathol 1989; 100: 256– 266. 20 DiBartola SP. Hypoglycemia and polyclonal gammopathy in a dog with plasma cell dyscrasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982; 180: 1345– 1349. 21 Jain NC. Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. Philadelphia . PA : Lea & Febiger; 1986: 940– 989. 22 Larsen AE, Carpenter JL. Hepatic plasmacytoma and biclonal gammopathy in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994; 205: 708– 710. 23 Peterson EN, Meininger AC. Immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G biclonal gammopathy in a dog with multiple myeloma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1997; 33: 45– 47. 24 Hirano T., Suematsu S., Matsusaka T., et al. The role of interleukin 6 in plasmacytomagenesis. Ciba Foundation Symposium, 167, Polyfunctional cytokines: IL-6 and LIE 1992: 188– 200. 25 Hirano T. Interleukin-6 and its relation to inflammation and disease. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1992; 62: S60– S65. 26 Yoshizaki K., Kuritani T., Kishimoto T. Interleukin-6 in autoimmune disorders. Semin Immunol 1992; 4: 155– 166. 27 Suematsu S., Matsuda T., Aozasa K., et al. IgGl plasmacytosis in interleukin 6 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 7547– 7551. Citing Literature Volume12, Issue6November 1998Pages 471-474 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 1998/11// PY - 1998/11// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02152.x VL - 12 IS - 6 SP - 471-474 LA - en OP - SN - 0891-6640 1939-1676 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02152.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Radiation therapy for incompletely resected canine mast cell tumors AU - LaDue, T AU - Price, GS AU - Dodge, R AU - Page, RL AU - Thrall, DE T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - The records of 56 dogs treated with megavoltage radiation for mast cell neoplasia were reviewed to determine the efficacy of this treatment modality. Total radiation dose ranged from 45 to 57 Gray (Gy), dose per fraction ranged from 3.0 to 4.0 Gy, and radiation treatment time ranged from 14–28 days. Median disease free interval (95% CI) was 32.7 (19–70) months. Median disease free interval for dogs older than 7.5 years was 15 (lower limit 7) months as compared to 62 (lower limit 20) for dogs younger than 7.5 years of age (p = 0.006). Median disease free interval for dogs with measurable disease was 12 (lower limit 5) months as compared to 54 (32–70) months for dogs with microscopic disease (p = 0.006). Radiation treatment time was also significantly related to disease free interval. Median disease free interval for dogs treated longer than 22 days was 12 (7–19) months as compared to greater than 50 (lower limit 20) months for dogs treated in 22 or fewer days (p < 0.001). This appeared to be due to more recurrences in dogs treated with 3‐per‐week fractionation and suggests that tumor proliferation in the interfraction interval may be important. Sex, tumor location, histologic grade, WHO clinical stage, number of radiation fractions, total radiation dose, and dose‐per‐fraction, as well as the following “yes/no” variables: steroids given, surgery prior to radiation, lymph nodes irradiated, and development of another mast cell tumor did not appear to influence median disease free interval or survival. Data presented herein support megavoltage radiation as an effective treatment for canine mast cell neoplasia, and suggest that disease free interval in dogs treated with daily fractions may be longer than that achieved with alternating day fractions. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb00326.x VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 57-62 SN - 1740-8261 KW - canine KW - mast cell neoplasia KW - megavoltage radiation ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro bimodal activation of basophil granulocytes in dogs with atopic dermatitis AU - Prelaud, P. AU - Olivry, Th. T2 - Revue de Medecine Veterinaire DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 149 IS - 12 SP - 1121-1124 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032286648&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Holding power of different pin designs and pin insertion methods in avian cortical bone AU - Degernes, LA AU - Roe, SC AU - Abrams, CF T2 - VETERINARY SURGERY AB - Objective —To measure pullout strength of four pin types in avian humeri and tibiotarsi bones and to compare slow‐speed power and hand insertion methods. Study Design —Axial pin extraction was measured in vitro in avian bones. Animal Population —Four cadaver red‐tailed hawks and 12 live red‐tailed hawks. Methods —The pullout strength of four fixator pin designs was measured: smooth, negative profile threaded pins engaging one or two cortices and positive profile threaded pins. Part 1: Pins were placed in humeri and tibiotarsi after soft tissue removal. Part 2: Pins were placed in tibiotarsi in anesthetized hawks using slow‐speed power or hand insertion. Results —All threaded pins, regardless of pin design, had greater pullout strength than smooth pins in all parts of the study ( P < .0001). The cortices of tibiotarsi were thicker than the cortices of humeri ( P < .0001). There were few differences in pin pullout strengths between threaded pin types within or between bone groups. There were no differences between the pullout strength of pins placed by slow‐speed power or by hand. Conclusions —There is little advantage of one threaded pin type over another in avian humeri and tibiotarsi using currently available pin designs. There were few differences in pin pullout strengths between humeri and tibiotarsi bones. It is possible that the ease of hand insertion in thin cortices minimizes the potential for wobbling and therefore minimizes the difference between slow‐speed drill and hand insertion methods. Clinical Relevance —Threaded pins have superior bone holding strength in avian cortices and may be beneficial for use with external fixation devices in birds. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00131.x VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 301-306 SN - 0161-3499 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feline housesoiling. Part I. Inappropriate elimination AU - Simpson, B. S. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 20 IS - 12 SP - 1319 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of microcytosis in 18 Shibas AU - Gookin, J. L. AU - Bunch, S. E. AU - Rush, L. J. AU - Grindem, C. B. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 212 IS - 8 SP - 1258-1259 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Elevated interleukin-10-to-interleukin-12 ratio in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats predicts loss of type 1 immunity to Toxoplasma gondii AU - Levy, JK AU - Ritchey, JW AU - Rottman, JB AU - Davidson, MG AU - Liang, YH AU - Jordan, HL AU - Tompkins, WA AU - Tompkins, MB T2 - JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AB - Similar to human immunodeficiency virus, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) induces immunodeficiency and enhanced susceptibility to secondary pathogens. To explore cytokine alterations in lentivirus immunodeficiency, constitutive mRNA expression was measured in lymph nodes of healthy and FIV-infected cats before and after challenge with Toxoplasma gondii. Cytokine mRNA expression was similar in control and FIV-infected cats during the first 10 weeks after infection. At 16 weeks, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA were increased in FIV-infected cats. Challenge with T. gondii induced an increase in IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-12 in the lymph nodes of control cats, whereas IFN-gamma and IL-10 but not IL-2 or IL-12 increased in the lymph nodes of FIV-T. gondii coinfected cats. These results indicate that FIV immunodeficiency may derive from a failure to generate an IL-12-dependent type 1 response and that an elevated level of IL-10 mRNA expression is a predictor of lentivirus immunodeficiency. DA - 1998/8// PY - 1998/8// DO - 10.1086/515632 VL - 178 IS - 2 SP - 503-511 SN - 0022-1899 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Concentration of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite in alveolar macrophages and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid of dogs AU - Hawkins, EC AU - Boothe, DM AU - Guinn, A AU - Aucoin, DP AU - Ngyuen, J T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in alveolar macrophages (AM) and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the lungs in comparison to plasma concentrations in healthy dogs. Eleven dogs were given a single oral dose (5 mg/kg) of enrofloxacin. Four hours later, plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were collected. Cells were separated from the BAL fluid and lysed for determination of drug concentrations within AM. Supernatant was used to determine concentrations of drugs in ELF. Drug assays were performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of enrofloxacin (mean ± SD) was 0.33 ± 0.14 μg/mL in plasma, 3.34 ± 2.4 μg/mL in AM and 4.79 ± 5.0 μg/mL in ELF. The concentration of ciprofloxacin was 0.42 ± 0.26 μg/mL in plasma, 1.15 ± 1.03 μg/mL in AM and 0.26 ± 0.26 μg/mL in ELF. Mean concentrations of both drugs in AM were greater than in plasma (AM to plasma ratio, 10.3 for enrofloxacin and 4.7 for ciprofloxacin). Mean concentrations of enrofloxacin, but not ciprofloxacin, in ELF were greater than in plasma (ELF to plasma ratio, 13.5 for enrofloxacin and 0.52 for ciprofloxacin). Enrofloxacin concentrations in AM and ELF largely exceeded the MICs of the major bacterial pathogens and surpassed by about two times the breakpoint MIC of that drug, and ciprofloxacin concentrations in AM surpassed the MIC of many susceptible organisms. These results suggest that sufficient antimicrobial activity is present in AM and ELF of dogs following oral administration of enrofloxacin to be effective in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections involving susceptible organisms. DA - 1998/2// PY - 1998/2// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2885.1998.00103.x VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 18-23 SN - 0140-7783 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clinical nutrition of ornamental fish AU - Lewbart, GA T2 - SEMINARS IN AVIAN AND EXOTIC PET MEDICINE AB - Proper nutrition provides the foundation on which an adequate ornamental fish husbandry program is constructed. Although ornamental fish nutrition is vast and largely unexplored subject, a large volume of literature on aquaculture food fish (destined for human consumption) nutrition provides the basis for useful extrapolation. This article familiarizes the reader with the types of commercial foods available; discusses the relationship of nutrition, feeding, and water quality; presents minimum nutritional requirements of the koi, Cyprinus carpio; suggests appropriate feeding regimens; describe methods for providing nutritional support for the anorexic patient; and teaches the reader how to prepare a gelatinized diet. DA - 1998/7// PY - 1998/7// DO - 10.1016/S1055-937X(98)80007-8 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 154-158 SN - 1055-937X KW - ornamental fish KW - nutrition KW - clinical nutrition ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of canine MDR1 mRNA: Its abundance in drug resistant cell lines and in vivo AU - Steingold, S. F. AU - Sharp, N. J. AU - McGahan, M. C. AU - Hughes, C. S. AU - Dunn, S. E. AU - Page, R. L. T2 - Anticancer Research DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 18 IS - 1A SP - 393-400 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bt resistance management AU - McGaughey, WH AU - Gould, F AU - Gelernter, W T2 - NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY DA - 1998/2// PY - 1998/2// DO - 10.1038/nbt0298-144 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 144-146 SN - 1087-0156 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A review of imaging techniques for canine cauda equina syndrome AU - Ramirez, O AU - Thrall, DE T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - There are many imaging modalities available for evaluating the canine lumbosacral region. These include conventional radiography, stress radiography, myelography, epidurography, transosseous and intravenous venography, discography, linear tomography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Myelography, epidurography and discography are commonly used, but often lack sensitivity. Myelography is of little value when evaluating the cauda equina because the dural sac is elevated from the vertebral canal floor and frequently ends before the lumbosacral junction. Epidurography will identify a ventrally located compressive lesion and discography can delineate the dorsal extent of the diseased disc; however, both are sometimes difficult to interpret. Therefore, more than one of these imaging techniques must be used in order to make a diagnosis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have become valuable in evaluating the lumbosacral region in dogs. These modalities have proven to be both sensitive and specific for determining cauda equina compression in both humans and in dogs. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01608.x VL - 39 IS - 4 SP - 283-296 SN - 1058-8183 KW - cauda equina syndrome KW - dog KW - contrast radiography KW - myelography KW - epidurography KW - discography KW - computed tomography KW - magnetic resonance imaging ER -