TY - JOUR TI - Isolation of cDNAs encoding 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase from the mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata: correlating genetic and physical maps of chromosome 5 AU - Scott, M. J. AU - Kriticou, D. AU - Robinson, A. S. T2 - Insect Molecular Biology AB - We have isolated and determined the nucleotide sequences for cDNA clones encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) from the medfly Ceratitis capitata. The derived amino acid sequences for G6PD and 6PGD are presented and compared with G6PDs and 6PGDs from other species. The codon usage of the cDNA clones has little bias with the notable exceptions of arginine, glycine and leucine. The chromosomal location of the genes for 6PGD and G6PD were determined by in situ hybridization to salivary gland polytene chromosomes. This localization orients a genetic map of enzymatic loci and illustrates a remarkable similarity in the intra chromosomal order of homologous genes between Drosophila melanogaster and medfly. DA - 1993/5// PY - 1993/5// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2583.1993.tb00094.x VL - 1 IS - 4 SP - 213-222 J2 - Insect Molecular Biology LA - en OP - SN - 0962-1075 1365-2583 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2583.1993.tb00094.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Biodiversity of Microorganisms and Invertebrates edited by D.L Hawksworth AU - Andow, D.A. AU - Hawksworth, D.L. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 22 SE - 879–880 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mustard as an antifeedant for Epilachna varivestis adults AU - Andow, D.A. T2 - Coleopterists Bulletin DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 47 SP - 131–135 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Spread of invading organisms: Patterns of spread AU - Andow, D.A. AU - Kareiva, P.M. AU - Levin, S.A. AU - Okubo, A. T2 - Evolution of Insect Pests: The Patterns of Variations A2 - Kim, K.C. A2 - McPheron, B. PY - 1993/// SP - 219–241 PB - John Wiley and Sons ER - TY - BOOK TI - Development of resistance in sweet corn to European corn borer AU - Davis, D.W. AU - Andow, D.A. AU - Hutchison, W. AU - Sauter, K. AU - Gingera, G. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// PB - Minnesota/ Wisconsin Food Processors Association ER - TY - CHAP TI - Augmenting natural enemies in maize using vegetational diversity AU - Andow, D.A. T2 - Use of Biological Control Agents under Integrated Pest Management PY - 1993/// SP - 31–64 PB - Food and Fertilizer Technology Center ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mid-parent heterosis and combining ability of European corn borer resistance in maize AU - Lamb, Elizabeth M. AU - Davis, David W. AU - Andow, David A. T2 - Euphytica DA - 1993/1// PY - 1993/1// DO - 10.1007/bf00023774 VL - 72 IS - 1-2 SP - 65-72 J2 - Euphytica LA - en OP - SN - 0014-2336 1573-5060 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00023774 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antennal sensilla of female Trichogramma nubilale (Ertle and Davis) (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) and comparisons with other parasitic Hymenoptera AU - Olson, D.M. AU - Andow, D.A. T2 - International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology AB - We describe the external morphology and relative positions of antennal sensilla of female Trichgramma nubilale (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and compared the results with 11 similar studies representing 15 species and 8 families within the parasitic Hymenoptera. There are 6 morphologically and structurally distinct structures on female T. nubilale antennae, which are probably sensilla, and one seta and one campaniform-like structure that may have a sensory function. Sensilla pore numbers and positions suggests that the multiporous grooved basiconica (MPG) C, multiporous pitted (MPP) trichodea A and the MPP placodea A have an olfactory function, whereas the MPP trichodea C have a gustatory function. The lack of pores and the presence of a basal socket suggests a mechanoreceptor function for aporous (AP) trichodea B, and the uniporous pitted (UPP) trichodea D, although, the latter also have a minute pore or dimple at the sensillar apex. Positions and numbers of these sensilla, setae and campaniform-like structures were consistent in all the specimens examined. These analyses suggest that antennal sensilla types and relative positions are highly conserved within the genus Trichogramma, and there are broad similarities within the parasitic Hymenoptera. DA - 1993/12// PY - 1993/12// DO - 10.1016/0020-7322(93)90037-2 VL - 22 IS - 5 SP - 507-520 J2 - International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology LA - en OP - SN - 0020-7322 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(93)90037-2 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Registration of Three European Corn Borer Resistant Sweet Corn Germplasm Lines: A684su A685su, and A686su AU - Davis, D. W. AU - Andow, D. A. AU - Hutchison, W. D. T2 - Crop Science AB - Crop ScienceVolume 33, Issue 6 cropsci1993.0011183X003300060086x p. 1422-1423 Registration of Germplasm Registration of Three European Corn Borer Resistant Sweet Corn Germplasm Lines: A684su A685su, and A686su D. W. Davis, Corresponding Author D. W. Davis n/a@.dne Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorD. A. Andow, D. A. AndowSearch for more papers by this authorW. D. Hutchison, W. D. HutchisonSearch for more papers by this author D. W. Davis, Corresponding Author D. W. Davis n/a@.dne Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorD. A. Andow, D. A. AndowSearch for more papers by this authorW. D. Hutchison, W. D. HutchisonSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 November 1993 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300060086xCitations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume33, Issue6November–December 1993Pages 1422-1423 RelatedInformation DA - 1993/11// PY - 1993/11// DO - 10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183x003300060086x VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1422-1423 J2 - Crop Science LA - en OP - SN - 0011-183X 1435-0653 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183x003300060086x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of antibodies against hydroxyatrazine and hydroxysimazine: Application to environmental samples AU - Lucas, Anne D. AU - Bekheit, Hassan K. M. AU - Goodrow, Marvin H. AU - Jones, A. Daniel. AU - Kullman, Seth. AU - Matsumura, Fumio. AU - Woodrow, James E. AU - Seiber, James N. AU - Hammock, Bruce D. T2 - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of antibodies against hydroxyatrazine and hydroxysimazine: Application to environmental samplesAnne D. Lucas, Hassan K. M. Bekheit, Marvin H. Goodrow, A. Daniel. Jones, Seth. Kullman, Fumio. Matsumura, James E. Woodrow, James N. Seiber, and Bruce D. HammockCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 9, 1523–1529Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00033a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (961 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts DA - 1993/9/1/ PY - 1993/9/1/ DO - 10.1021/jf00033a032 VL - 41 IS - 9 SP - 1523-1529 J2 - J. Agric. Food Chem. LA - en OP - SN - 0021-8561 1520-5118 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00033a032 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Carcinogenesis AU - Smart, R.C. T2 - Biochemical Toxicology A2 - Hodgson, E. A2 - Levi, P.E. PY - 1993/// ET - 2nd SP - 381–414 PB - Appleton and Lange ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diacylglycerol is an effector of the clonal expansion of cells containing activated Ha-ras genes AU - Mills, Kevin J. AU - Reynolds, Steven H. AU - Smart, Robert C. T2 - Carcinogenesis AB - Diacylglycerols (DAG) are lipid second messengers which are generated during phospholipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipids. The model DAG, sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol (DIC10), is an effective topical tumor promoter in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated mouse skin. We now report that 11/12 of DMBA-initiated/DIC10-promoted papillomas examined contain an A-->T mutation in the 61st codon of the Ha-ras gene, suggesting that DAGs affect the clonal expansion of activated Ha-ras-containing cells. To explore further the DIC10-induced clonal expansion of activated Ha-ras-containing cells, we have examined the tumor-promoting effect of DIC10 in the skin of transgenic TG.AC mice, which harbor a v-Ha-ras transgene. By 9 weeks of promotion, 100% of the TG.AC mice developed squamous papillomas and by 15 weeks these mice developed > 20 papillomas/mouse. Because fatty acids are known to participate in signal transduction pathways, and since cellular lipases could cleave the fatty acid side chains present in DIC10, we have examined the tumor promoting activity of n-decanoic acid to verify the specificity of promotional activity of DIC10. n-Decanoic acid did not function as a tumor promoter. These data implicate DAG as an effector of the clonal expansion of mutated Ha-ras-containing cells, and support a mechanism whereby an increase in endogenous DAG could contribute to the clonal expansion of cells containing a Ha-ras oncogene. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1093/carcin/14.12.2645 VL - 14 IS - 12 SP - 2645-2648 J2 - Carcinogenesis LA - en OP - SN - 0143-3334 1460-2180 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/14.12.2645 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of benzo[a]pyrene-initiated mouse skin papillomas for Ha-ras mutations and protein kinase C levels AU - Colapietro, Anne-Marie AU - Goodell, Audrey L. AU - Smart, Robert C. T2 - Carcinogenesis AB - Journal Article Characterization of benzo[a]pyrene-initiated mouse skin papillomas for Ha-ras mutations and protein kinase C levels Get access Anne-Marie Colapietro, Anne-Marie Colapietro Department of Toxicology, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC 27695–7633, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Audrey L. Goodell, Audrey L. Goodell Department of Toxicology, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC 27695–7633, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert C. Smart Robert C. Smart 1 Department of Toxicology, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC 27695–7633, USA. 1To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carcinogenesis, Volume 14, Issue 11, November 1993, Pages 2289–2295, https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/14.11.2289 Published: 01 November 1993 Article history Received: 13 May 1993 Revision received: 27 July 1993 Accepted: 13 August 1993 Published: 01 November 1993 DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1093/carcin/14.11.2289 VL - 14 IS - 11 SP - 2289-2295 J2 - Carcinogenesis LA - en OP - SN - 0143-3334 1460-2180 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/14.11.2289 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of skin tumor promotion by mirex: structure-activity relationships, sexual dimorphism and presence of Ha-ras mutation AU - Moser, Glenda J. AU - Robinette, C.Lee AU - Smart, Robert C. T2 - Carcinogenesis AB - In the present study we have compared the tumor-promoting activity of the non-phorbol ester-type skin tumor promoter, mirex, a halogenated cycloalkane pesticide, to the following: (i) chlordane, a halogenated cycloalkene pesticide; (ii) 1, 1-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-2, 2, 2-trichloroethane (DDT), a halogenated bridged aromatic pesticide; and (iii) kepone, a halogenated cycloalkane pesticide, which only differs from mirex by the substitution of two chlorine atoms with an oxygen atom. Topical application of 200 nmol mirex three times weekly for 20 weeks to 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated female mouse skin produced ∼ 16 tumors/mouse with a 96% incidence of tumor bearing mice. Neither chlordane (2 μmol) or DDT (5 μmol) promoted tumors in DMBA-initiated mouse skin after three times weekly application for 20 weeks. Unexpectedly, DMBA-initiated mice treated with 250 nmol kepone three times weekly for 20 weeks did not develop any tumors, demonstrating that the replacement of two chlorine atoms by an oxygen atom results in loss of the skin tumor-promoting activity of mirex. To further characterize mirex-induced skin tumor promotion, male mice were initiated with a single topical application of 200 nmol DMBA and promoted topically three times weekly for 20 weeks with 200 nmol mirex. As compared to female mice, male mice demonstrated (i) 70% fewer tumors/mouse, (ii) decreased incidence of tumor bearing mice, (iii) increased time to first tumor and (iv) increased latency. To determine the role of ovarian hormones in the increased sensitivity of female mice, mice were initiated with DMBA, ovariectomized (OVX) 2 weeks later and then promoted with mirex. OVX mice exhibited 70% fewer tumors/mouse and a 40% decrease in incidence of tumor-bearing mice as compared to controls. Finally, >90% of DMBA-initiated/mirex-promoted papillomas from male mice and female mice demonstrated a mutated Ha-ras gene with an A ↑ T transversion in the middle base of the 61st codon. Collectively, these data indicate that the tumor-promoting ability of mirex is highly structure specific, and ovarian hormones are a factor in the increased sensitivity of female mice to the skin tumor-promoting ability of mirex. Futhermore, mirex appears to clonally expand epidermal cells with a mutated Ha-ras oncogene. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1093/carcin/14.6.1155 VL - 14 IS - 6 SP - 1155-1160 J2 - Carcinogenesis LA - en OP - SN - 0143-3334 1460-2180 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/14.6.1155 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Studies on the relation between the changes of endogenous IPA and the growth of cell of Arnebia euchroma during the culture AU - Xie, De-Yu AU - Li, Guozhen AU - Ye, Hechun AU - Li, Guofeng T2 - Journal of Jishou University (Natural Science) DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 14 IS - 6 SP - 29–31 ER - TY - CONF TI - Characterization of a Borrelia isolate from Florida AU - Breitschwerdt, E.B. AU - Nicholson, W.L. AU - Kiehl, A.R. AU - Champion, L. AU - Howard, P. AU - Levine, J.F. T2 - 2nd Workshop on Lyme disease in the Southeastern United States C2 - 1993/9// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 1993/9// PY - 1993/9// ER - TY - CONF TI - Reservoir Competence of Rice Rats and Lizards for Borrelia burgdorferi AU - Levin, M. AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Norris, D.E. AU - Howard, P. AU - Yang, S. AU - Apperson, CS T2 - 2nd Workshop on Lyme disease in the Southeastern United States C2 - 1993/9// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 1993/9// PY - 1993/9// ER - TY - CONF TI - Reservoir Competence of the Raccoon (Procyon lotor) for the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi AU - Norris, D.E. AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Apperson, C.S. T2 - 2nd Workshop on Lyme disease in the Southeastern United States C2 - 1993/9// CY - Raleigh, North Carolina DA - 1993/9// PY - 1993/9// ER - TY - CONF TI - Tick-raccoon Associations in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina AU - Ouelette, JR AU - Howard, P AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Evans, T. AU - Apperson, C.S. T2 - 2nd Workshop on Lyme disease in the Southeastern United States C2 - 1993/9// CY - Raleigh, North Carolina DA - 1993/9// PY - 1993/9// ER - TY - CONF TI - Ticks, Their Hosts and Borrelia burgdorferi on the Outer Banks of North Carolina AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Apperson, C.S. AU - Strider, JB AU - Levin, M. AU - Ryan, JR AU - Howard, P AU - Coughlin, W. AU - Knight, M. AU - Yang, S. T2 - 2nd Workshop on Lyme disease in the Southeastern United States C2 - 1993/9// CY - Raleigh, North Carolina DA - 1993/9// PY - 1993/9// ER - TY - CHAP TI - Biocatalysis at extreme temperatures AU - Kelly, R.M. T2 - Research opportunities in biomolecular engineering : the interface between chemical engineering and biology, December 7-8, 1992, proceedings A2 - Georgiou, G. A2 - Glowinski, I. PY - 1993/// PB - NIH Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Purification and characterization of a novel amylolytic enzyme from ES 4, a marine hyperthermophilic archaeum AU - Schuliger, J.W. AU - Brown, S.H. AU - Baross, J.A. AU - Kelly, R.M. T2 - Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 76–87 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Method for glucose isomerization using xylose isomerase purified from Thermotoga maritima and Thermotoga neapolitana AU - Starnes, R.L. AU - Kelly, R.M. AU - Brown, S.H. DA - 1993/12// PY - 1993/12// M1 - 5,268,280 M3 - US Patent SN - 5,268,280 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Novel Isomerization Enzymes AU - Starnes, R.L. AU - Kelly, R.M. AU - Brown, S.H. DA - 1993/6/15/ PY - 1993/6/15/ M1 - 5,219,751 M3 - U.S. Patent SN - 5,219,751 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Proteolytic Enzymes from Hyperthermophilic Bacteria and Processes for their Production AU - Kelly, R.M. AU - Robinson, A.S. AU - Blumentals, I.I. AU - Brown, S.H. AU - Anfinsen, C.B. DA - 1993/9/7/ PY - 1993/9/7/ M1 - 5,242,817 M3 - US Patent SN - 5,242,817 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regulation of ribosomal RNA transcription by growth rate of the hyperthermophilic Archaeon,Pyrococcus furiosus AU - DiRuggiero, Jocelyne AU - Achenbach, Laurie A. AU - Brown, Stephen H. AU - Kelly, Robert M. AU - Robb, Frank T. T2 - FEMS Microbiology Letters AB - We have studied the single rRNA gene cluster from the Archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus. This isolate grows optimally at 100 degrees C and is thus a hyperthermophile. In P. furiosus, transcription of 16S rRNA is subject to regulation over a 7.5-fold range in response to a 20-fold increase in growth rate. The single cluster encoding the 16S and 23S rRNA genes of P. furiosus was cloned and the 1.9 kb region upstream of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. DA - 1993/8// PY - 1993/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06379.x VL - 111 IS - 2-3 SP - 159-164 LA - en OP - SN - 0378-1097 1574-6968 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06379.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of Amylolytic Enzymes, Having Both α-1,4 and α-1,6 Hydrolytic Activity, from the Thermophilic Archaea Pyrococcus furiosus and Thermococcus litoralis AU - Brown, Stephen H. AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AB - Extracellular pullulanases were purified from cell-free culture supernatants of the marine thermophilic archaea Thermococcus litoralis (optimal growth temperature, 90°C) and Pyrococcus furiosus (optimal growth temperature, 98°C). The molecular mass of the T. litoralis enzyme was estimated at 119,000 Da by electrophoresis, while the P. furiosus enzyme exhibited a molecular mass of 110,000 Da under the same conditions. Both enzymes tested positive for bound sugar by the periodic acid-Schiff technique and are therefore glycoproteins. The thermoactivity and thermostability of both enzymes were enhanced in the presence of 5 mM Ca 2+ , and under these conditions, enzyme activity could be measured at temperatures of up to 130 to 140°C. The addition of Ca 2+ also affected substrate binding, as evidenced by a decrease in K m for both enzymes when assayed in the presence of this metal. Each of these enzymes was able to hydrolyze, in addition to the α-1,6 linkages in pullulan, α-1,4 linkages in amylose and soluble starch. Neither enzyme possessed activity against maltohexaose or other smaller α-1,4-linked oligosaccharides. The enzymes from T. litoralis and P. furiosus appear to represent highly thermostable amylopullulanases, versions of which have been isolated from less-thermophilic organisms. The identification of these enzymes further defines the saccharide-metabolizing systems possessed by these two organisms. DA - 1993/8// PY - 1993/8// DO - 10.1128/aem.59.8.2614-2621.1993 VL - 59 IS - 8 SP - 2614-2621 J2 - Appl Environ Microbiol LA - en OP - SN - 0099-2240 1098-5336 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.8.2614-2621.1993 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Purification and characterization of a highly thermostable glucose isomerase produced by the extremely thermophilic eubacterium,Thermotoga maritima AU - Brown, Stephen H. AU - Sjøholm, Carsten AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AB - Abstract Thermotoga maritima , among the most thermophilic eubacteria currently known, produces glucose isomerase when grow in the presence of xylose. The purified enzyme is a homotetramer with submit molecular Wight of about 45,000. It has a number of features in common with previously described glucose isomerases‐pH optimum of 6.5 to 7.5, presence of activesite histidine, requirement for metal cations such as Co 2+ and Mg 2+ , and preference for xylose as substrate. In addition, it has significant sequence/structural homology with other glucose isomerases, as shown by both N‐terminal sequencing and immunological crossreactivity. The T. maritima enzyme is distinguished by its extreme thermostability–a temperature optimum of 105 to 110°C, and an estimated half‐life of 10 minutes at 120°C, pH 7.0. The high degree of thermostability, coupled with a neutral to slightly acid pH optimum, reveal this enzyme to be a promising candidate for improvement of the industrial glucose isomerization process © 1993 Wiley & Sons, Inc. DA - 1993/4/15/ PY - 1993/4/15/ DO - 10.1002/bit.260410907 VL - 41 IS - 9 SP - 878-886 J2 - Biotechnol. Bioeng. LA - en OP - SN - 0006-3592 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410907 DB - Crossref KW - THERMOTOGA - MARITIMA KW - THERMOPHILE KW - GLUCOSE ISOMERASE ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of tungsten on metabolic patterns in Pyrococcus furiosus, a hyperthermophilic archaeon AU - Schicho, Richard N. AU - Snowden, Lesley J. AU - Mukund, Swarnalatha AU - Park, Jae-Bum AU - Adams, Michael W. W. AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - Archives of Microbiology DA - 1993/4// PY - 1993/4// DO - 10.1007/bf00290921 VL - 159 IS - 4 SP - 380-385 J2 - Arch. Microbiol. LA - en OP - SN - 0302-8933 1432-072X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00290921 DB - Crossref KW - PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS KW - HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEA KW - MALTOSE FERMENTATION KW - PEPTIDE FERMENTATION KW - TUNGSTEN KW - ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE KW - ALDEHYDE FERREDOXIN OXIDOREDUCTASE ER - TY - CHAP TI - Biocatalysis: An overview AU - Kelly, R.M. AU - Whitesides, G. T2 - Research opportunities in biomolecular engineering : the interface between chemical engineering and biology, December 7-8, 1992, proceedings A2 - Georgiou, G. A2 - Glowinski, I. PY - 1993/// PB - NIH Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioenergetics of the metal/sulfur-oxidizing extreme thermoacidophile, Metallosphaera sedula AU - Peeples, T.L AU - Kelly, R.M. T2 - Fuel AB - Identification of more effective biocatalysts than Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been of interest for the optimization of biological removal of inorganic sulfur from coal. The recently isolated thermoacidophile, Metallosphaera sedula, leaches metal sulfides at rapid rates and could be a feasible biocatalytic alternative for such use. The bioenergetic and biocatalytic features of M. sedula as they apply to metal leaching, with particular attention to coal pyrite oxidation, are currently being evaluated. The questions examined include (1) how does M. sedula compare with other microorganisms with similar bioleaching capabilities, (2) how do inorganic energy substrates factor into M. sedula's metabolic scheme, and (3) how can higher metal leaching rates be achieved with M. sedula? DA - 1993/12// PY - 1993/12// DO - 10.1016/0016-2361(93)90345-3 VL - 72 IS - 12 SP - 1619-1624 J2 - Fuel LA - en OP - SN - 0016-2361 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(93)90345-3 DB - Crossref KW - MICROBIAL DESULFURIZATION KW - COAL KW - PYRITE ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrogenase of the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus is an elemental sulfur reductase or sulfhydrogenase: evidence for a sulfur-reducing hydrogenase ancestor. AU - Ma, K. AU - Schicho, R. N. AU - Kelly, R. M. AU - Adams, M. W. T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences AB - Microorganisms growing near and above 100 degrees C have recently been discovered near shallow and deep sea hydrothermal vents. Most are obligately dependent upon the reduction of elemental sulfur (S0) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for optimal growth, even though S0 reduction readily occurs abiotically at their growth temperatures. The sulfur reductase activity of the anaerobic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, which grows optimally at 100 degrees C by a metabolism that produces H2S if S0 is present, was found in the cytoplasm. It was purified anaerobically and was shown to be identical to the hydrogenase that had been previously purified from this organism. Both S0 and polysulfide served as substrates for H2S production, and the S0 reduction activity but not the H2-oxidation activity was enhanced by the redox protein rubredoxin. The H2-oxidizing and S0-reduction activities of the enzyme also showed different responses to pH, temperature, and inhibitors. This bifunctional "sulfhydrogenase" enzyme can, therefore, dispose of the excess reductant generated during fermentation using either protons or polysulfides as the electron acceptor. In addition, purified hydrogenases from both hyperthermophilic and mesophilic representatives of the archaeal and bacterial domains were shown to reduce S0 to H2S. It is suggested that the function of some form of ancestral hydrogenase was S0 reduction rather than, or in addition to, the reduction of protons. DA - 1993/6/1/ PY - 1993/6/1/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.90.11.5341 VL - 90 IS - 11 SP - 5341-5344 J2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences LA - en OP - SN - 0027-8424 1091-6490 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.11.5341 DB - Crossref KW - HYDROGEN ACTIVATION KW - POLYSULFIDE REDUCTION KW - GEOTHERMAL BIOLOGY KW - EVOLUTION ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioenergetics of sulfur reduction in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus AU - Schicho, R N AU - Ma, K AU - Adams, M W AU - Kelly, R M T2 - Journal of Bacteriology AB - The bioenergetic role of the reduction of elemental sulfur (S0) in the hyperthermophilic archaeon (formerly archaebacterium) Pyrococcus furiosus was investigated with chemostat cultures with maltose as the limiting carbon source. The maximal yield coefficient was 99.8 g (dry weight) of cells (cdw) per mol of maltose in the presence of S0 but only 51.3 g (cdw) per mol of maltose if S0 was omitted. However, the corresponding maintenance coefficients were not found to be significantly different. The primary fermentation products detected were H2, CO2, and acetate, together with H2S, when S0 was also added to the growth medium. If H2S was summed with H2 to represent total reducing equivalents released during fermentation, the presence of S0 had no significant effect on the pattern of fermentation products. In addition, the presence of S0 did not significantly affect the specific activities in cell extracts of hydrogenase, sulfur reductase, alpha-glucosidase, or protease. These results suggest either that S0 reduction is an energy-conserving reaction, i.e., S0 respiration, or that S0 has a stimulatory effect on or helps overcome a process that is yield limiting. A modification of the Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathway has been proposed as the primary route of glucose catabolism in P. furiosus (S. Mukund and M. W. W. Adams, J. Biol. Chem. 266:14208-14216, 1991). Operation of this pathway should yield 4 mol of ATP per mol of maltose oxidized, from which one can calculate a value of 12.9 g (cdw) per mol of ATP for non-S0 growth. Comparison of this value to the yield data for growth in the presence of S0 reduction is equivalent to an ATP yield of 0.5 mol of ATP per mol of S0 reduced. Possible mechanism to account for this apparent energy conservation are discussed. DA - 1993/3// PY - 1993/3// DO - 10.1128/jb.175.6.1823-1830.1993 VL - 175 IS - 6 SP - 1823-1830 J2 - J Bacteriol LA - en OP - SN - 0021-9193 1098-5530 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.6.1823-1830.1993 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enzymes from high-temperature microorganisms AU - Kelly, Robert M. AU - Brown, Stephen H. T2 - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AB - Enzymes derived from microorganisms growing at extreme temperatures are of biotechnological use as highly thermostable biocatalysts and should provide insight into the intrinsic basis of protein stability. So far, only DNA polymerases from these organisms have been put to commercial use, although the application of other classes of highly thermostable enzymes is being considered. Problems in the cultivation of high-temperature microorganisms and in the production of their enzymes still hampers progress in this field. DA - 1993/4// PY - 1993/4// DO - 10.1016/0958-1669(93)90123-e VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 188-192 J2 - Current Opinion in Biotechnology LA - en OP - SN - 0958-1669 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0958-1669(93)90123-e DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preliminary X-ray Diffraction Studies of Ribgrass Mosaic Virus AU - Wang, Hong AU - Planchart, Antonio AU - Allen, Diane AU - Pattanayek, Rekha AU - Stubbs, Gerald T2 - Journal of Molecular Biology AB - Fiber diffraction data were collected from oriented sols of ribgrass mosaic virus and a lead derivative of the virus. Two lead binding sites were found. Two intersubunit carboxyl-carboxylate pairs, different from those in other tobamoviruses, are predicted to control vital assembly and disassembly. One of the carboxyl-carboxylate pairs forms part of a lead binding site. DA - 1993/12// PY - 1993/12// DO - 10.1006/jmbi.1993.1639 VL - 234 IS - 3 SP - 902-904 J2 - Journal of Molecular Biology LA - en OP - SN - 0022-2836 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1993.1639 DB - Crossref KW - VIRUS KW - RIBGRASS MOSAIC VIRUS KW - TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS KW - FIBER DIFFRACTION KW - CARBOXYL-CARBOXYLATE PAIRS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Subcellular volumes and metabolite concentrations in barley leaves AU - Winter, H. AU - Robinson, D.G. AU - Heldt, H.W. T2 - Planta DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1007/BF00199748 VL - 191 IS - 2 SP - 180-190 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0000957432&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of the N-terminal region within the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase AhpF protein AU - Ashwell, Christopher M AU - Poole, Leslie B T2 - Free Radical Biology and Medicine DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 15 IS - 5 SP - 506 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microsatellite mapping of the gene causing weaver disease in cattle will allow the study of an associated quantitative trait locus. AU - Georges, M. AU - Dietz, A. B. AU - Mishra, A. AU - Nielsen, D. AU - Sargeant, L. S. AU - Sorensen, A. AU - Steele, M. R. AU - Zhao, X. AU - Leipold, H. AU - Womack, J. E. T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences AB - A genetic disease in cattle, progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy (weaver disease), is associated with increased milk production. This association could result from population stratification, from a pleiotropic effect of a single gene, or from linkage disequilibrium between the gene causing weaver disease and a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for milk production. To test these hypotheses, we performed an extensive linkage study in a bovine pedigree segregating for the weaver condition and identified a microsatellite locus (TGLA116) closely linked to the weaver gene (zmax, 8.15; theta, 0.03). TGLA116 and, by extension, the weaver locus were assigned to bovine synteny group 13. This microsatellite can be used to identify weaver carriers, to select against this genetic defect, and to study the effect of the corresponding chromosomal region on milk production in Brown Swiss and other breeds of cattle. DA - 1993/2/1/ PY - 1993/2/1/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.90.3.1058 VL - 90 IS - 3 SP - 1058-1062 J2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences LA - en OP - SN - 0027-8424 1091-6490 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.3.1058 DB - Crossref KW - ATAXIA KW - LINKAGE KW - QTL ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microsatellite mapping of a gene affecting horn development in Bos taurus AU - Georges, Michel AU - Drinkwater, Roger AU - King, Tracey AU - Mishra, Anuradha AU - Moore, Stephen S. AU - Nielsen, Dahlia AU - Sargeant, Leslie S. AU - Sorensen, Anita AU - Steele, Michael R. AU - Zhao, Xuyun AU - Womack, James E. AU - Hetzel, Jay T2 - Nature Genetics DA - 1993/6// PY - 1993/6// DO - 10.1038/ng0693-206 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 206-210 J2 - Nat Genet LA - en OP - SN - 1061-4036 1546-1718 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0693-206 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - AN INEXPENSIVE INFRARED GROWTH SENSOR ARRAY FOR DETECTION OF BACTERIAL ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY T2 - FEMS Microbiology Letters AB - An inexpensive infrared sensor was constructed and used for the rapid testing of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility by detection of changes in absorbance at 950 nm. By comparing cultures of clinical isolates together with control strains (Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 or Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10662) after addition of an antibiotic, results on susceptibility were obtained within 3–5 h from the original plate culture. Representative strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus were tested successfully against ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin or ciprofloxacin. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1016/0378-1097(93)90389-J UR - https://publons.com/publon/9840930/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - What Is Your Diagnosis? AU - Schulz, K. AU - Baruffaldi, J. AU - Carrig, C. AU - DeFrancesco, T.C. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 203 IS - 5 SP - 645-646 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chylothorax associated with right-sided heart failure in five cats AU - Fossum, T.W. AU - Miller, M.W. AU - Rogers, K.S. AU - Bonagura, J.D. AU - Meurs, K.M. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1993/12/31/ PY - 1993/12/31/ VL - 204 IS - 1 SP - 84–89 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ECG of the Month AU - Meurs, K.M. AU - Miller, M.W. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 203 SP - 649–650 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Calmodulin isoforms in Arabidopsis encoded by multiple divergent mRNAs AU - Gawienowski, Margaret C. AU - Szymanski, Daniel AU - Perera, Imara Y. AU - Zielinski, Raymond E. T2 - Plant Molecular Biology DA - 1993/5// PY - 1993/5// DO - 10.1007/bf00014930 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 215-225 J2 - Plant Mol Biol LA - en OP - SN - 0167-4412 1573-5028 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00014930 DB - Crossref KW - ARABIDOPSIS KW - CALMODULIN SEQUENCE KW - GENE EXPRESSION ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Ammonia Monooxygenase in Nitrosomonas europaea by Allylsulfide. T2 - Applied and environmental microbiology DA - 1993/11/1/ PY - 1993/11/1/ UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/16349087/?tool=EBI ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inhibition of Ammonia Oxidation in Nitrosomonas europaea by Sulfur Compounds: Thioethers Are Oxidized to Sulfoxides by Ammonia Monooxygenase. T2 - Applied and environmental microbiology DA - 1993/11/1/ PY - 1993/11/1/ UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/16349086/?tool=EBI ER - TY - JOUR TI - An electrophoretic study of the thermal- and reductant-dependent aggregation of the 27 kDa component of ammonia monooxygenase from Nitrosomonas europaea. T2 - Electrophoresis AB - Standard protocols for sample preparation for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) typically involve the combined use of heat and a reductant to fully disrupt protein-protein interactions and allow for constant ratios of SDS-binding to individual polypeptides. However, 14C-labeled forms of the membrane-bound, active-site-containing 27 kDa polypeptide of ammonia monooxygenase from Nitrosomonas europaea undergo an aggregation reaction when cells or membranes are heated in the presence of SDS-PAGE sample buffer. The aggregate produced after heating at 100 degrees C is a soluble complex which fails to enter the stacking gel in discontinuous SDS-PAGE gels. The extent of the aggregation reaction is dependent on the temperature of sample preparation, and the reaction exhibits first-order kinetics at 65 degrees C and 100 degrees C (rates constants = 0.07 and 0.35 min-1, respectively). The rate of the aggregation reaction is further dependent on the concentration of reductant used in the sample buffer. However, the concentration of SDS does not significantly affect the rate of aggregation. The aggregated form of the 27 kDA polypeptide can be isolated by gel-permeation chromatography in the presence of SDS. The aggregated protein can also be returned to the monomeric state by incubation at high pH in the presence of SDS. The aggregation reaction also occurs with 14C2H2-labeled polypeptides in other species of autotrophic nitrifiers and a methanotrophic bacterium which expresses the particulate form of methane monooxygenase. We conclude that strongly hydrophobic amino acid sequences present in ammonia monooxygenase are responsible for the aggregation phenomenon. DA - 1993/7/1/ PY - 1993/7/1/ DO - 10.1002/elps.1150140197 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150140197 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro activation of ammonia monooxygenase from Nitrosomonas europaea by copper. T2 - Journal of bacteriology AB - The effect of copper on the in vivo and in vitro activity of ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) from the nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea was investigated. The addition of CuCl2 to cell extracts resulted in 5- to 15-fold stimulation of ammonia-dependent O2 consumption, ammonia-dependent nitrite production, and hydrazine-dependent ethane oxidation. AMO activity was further stimulated in vitro by the presence of stabilizing agents, including serum albumins, spermine, or MgCl2. In contrast, the addition of CuCl2 and stabilizing agents to whole-cell suspensions did not result in any stimulation of AMO activity. The use of the AMO-specific suicide substrate acetylene revealed two populations of AMO in cell extracts. The low, copper-independent (residual) AMO activity was completely inactivated by acetylene in the absence of exogenously added copper. In contrast, the copper-dependent (activable) AMO activity was protected against acetylene inactivation in the absence of copper. However, in the presence of copper both populations of AMO were inactivated by acetylene. [14C]acetylene labelling of the 27-kDa polypeptide of AMO revealed the same extent of label incorporation in both whole cells and optimally copper-stimulated cell extracts. In the absence of copper, the label incorporation in cell extracts was proportional to the level of residual AMO activity. Other metal ions tested, including Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Cr3+, and Ag+, were ineffective at stimulating AMO activity or facilitating the incorporation of 14C label from [14C]acetylene into the 27-kDa polypeptide. On the basis of these results, we propose that loss of AMO activity upon lysis of N. europaea results from the loss of copper from AMO, generating a catalytically inactive, yet stable and activable, form of the enzyme. DA - 1993/4/1/ PY - 1993/4/1/ DO - 10.1128/jb.175.7.1971-1980.1993 UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/8458839/?tool=EBI ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hypothesis: the central oscillator of the circadian clock is a controlled chaotic attractor AU - Lloyd, Alun L. AU - Lloyd, David T2 - Biosystems AB - Controlled chaos may be important for the generation of rhythmic behaviour in living systems. A model is proposed in which the central circadian oscillator is a chaotic attractor. Whereas a limit cycle mechanism (previously invoked to explain circadian clocks as well as ultradian clocks and cell division cycles) can provide only a single stable periodic orbit, a chaotic attractor can generate rich dynamic behaviour. Control by feedback makes accessible a selected stabilized orbit; this can be chosen so as to optimize system performance. Such a system can accommodate a wide variety of requirements, e.g. that a single clock mutation can affect both period and temperature compensation, and the generation of higher periods from an ultradian oscillator. Simultaneous operation of more than one clock (with differing periods) may require a high-dimension chaotic attractor. Attractive features of such a model include versatility of period selection (e.g. as in the per mutants of Drosophila) and the use of control elements of the type already well known in metabolic circuitry. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(93)90085-q VL - 29 IS - 2-3 SP - 77–85 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reassessment of Heterokaryon Formation in Rhizoctonia Solani Anastomosis Group 4 AU - Cubeta, M. A. AU - Briones-Ortega, R. AU - Vilgalys, R. T2 - Mycologia AB - Mating compatibility reactions were tested using homokaryotic strains belonging to anastomosis group 4 in the Rhizoctonia solani complex. Previous studies on mating patterns employed tuft formation between paired homokaryons as the primary criterion for detection of heterokaryons. In this study, somatic incompatibility reactions and genetic markers were used to confirm the reliability of tufts as an indication for heterokaryotization. Sixteen homokaryotic, single basidiospore strains from 10 different heterokaryotic field isolates of R. solani anastomosis group 4 were paired in all possible combinations on potato dextrose and 1% charcoal agar, and examined for tuft formation and heterokaryotization. From a total of 136 pairings, 25% (7 of 28) of intrastock and 54% (58 of 108) of interstock pairings produced visbile tufts. Putative heterokaryons from aerial tufts developed into colonies with appressed mycelium that were morphologically distinct from and somatically incompatible with both parental homokaryons. Similarly distinct heterokaryons also were isolated from the interaction zone between some paired homokaryons that did not form tufts. Patterns of nuclear migration were examined by sampling explanted hyphae from either side of the hyphal interaction zone. Heterokaryons were detected on one or both sides of the heterokaryotic tuft in about half of these cases, indicating that heterokaryotization was not restricted to the zone corresponding to tuft formation. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to confirm putative heterokaryons. The results from these studies show that tuft formation is not always indicative of heterokaryotization and suggest a limited role for nuclear migration during mating in R. solani. DA - 1993/9// PY - 1993/9// DO - 10.1080/00275514.1993.12026332 VL - 85 IS - 5 SP - 777-787 J2 - Mycologia LA - en OP - SN - 0027-5514 1557-2536 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1993.12026332 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rapid miniprep isolation of mitochondrial DNA from metacestodes, and free- living and parasitic nematodes AU - Peloquin, J.J. AU - Bird, D.M. AU - Platzer, E.G. T2 - Journal of Parasitology AB - A method, based on one to isolate supercoiled plasmid DNA from bacterial cells, has been developed to purify mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from cestode and nematode tissue easily and efficiently. Starting with as little as 100 mg of helminth tissue, sufficient mtDNA for electrophoretic analysis was extracted. This DNA was essentially free of nuclear DNA and readily digested by restriction endonucleases. Approximately 20% of the mtDNA in helminth tissue was recovered, which is a significant improvement over previously available techniques. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2307/3283741 VL - 79 IS - 6 SP - 964-967 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027751334&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ribosomal DNA Sequence Divergence within Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 of the Sclerotiniaceae AU - Carbone, Ignazio AU - Kohn, Linda M. T2 - Mycologia AB - ABSTRACTBased on morphological and immunological studies, we hypothesize that there are two lineages within the Sclerotiniaceae, a family of plant-infecting ascomycetes in the order Helotiales: 1) genera producing sclerotia, which are tuberlike, melanized masses of hyphae, and 2) genera producing substratal stromata, which are mats of compact hyphae that incorporate plant tissues. We sequenced the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS 1), defined by primers ITS 1 and 2, in 43 isolates: 29 sclerotial isolates (19 species in 9 genera), 11 substratal isolates (8 species in 4 genera), and 3 outgroup isolates in the Leotiaceae (3 species in 3 genera). Direct, double-stranded sequencing yielded ca 170 bases for sclerotial isolates and ca 200 bases for substratal and outgroup isolates. MACVECTOR and MULT ALIN were used for global alignment, and multiple alignment with hierarchical clustering, respectively. The Internal Transcribed Spacer showed close similarity among most of the sclerotial taxa (76 to 100% similarity to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). This supports our hypothesis that a sclerotial lineage exists and suggests that this lineage has evolved relatively recently. Isolates of the asexual (mitotic) species Sclerotium cepivorum showed 98% similarity to those of the genus Sclerotinia. Sequence divergence was greater (45 to 65% similarity to S. sclerotiorum) amongst the substratal taxa and our outgroups. Parsimony analysis produced one statistically strongly supported tree for a group of species in the genus Rutstroemia, including Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Although such subclusters of species can be distinguished using parsimony analysis, we conclude that a substratal Hneage cannot be discerned based on sequence data from the ITS. Among these more distantly related taxa, including some substratal ingroup taxa and the outgroup taxa, ITS 1 is saturated with changes and shows relatively equal dissimilarity. The variation observed in the ITS does not resolve among more distantly related taxa.Key Words: ascomycetesdiscomycetesinternal transcribed spacertaxonomy DA - 1993/5// PY - 1993/5// DO - 10.2307/3760703 VL - 85 IS - 3 SP - 415 J2 - Mycologia OP - SN - 0027-5514 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3760703 DB - Crossref KW - ASCOMYCETES KW - DISCOMYCETES KW - INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER KW - TAXONOMY ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sex Change and Steroid Profiles in the Protandrous Anemonefish Amphiprion melanopus (Pomacentridae, Teleostei) AU - Godwin, John R. AU - Thomas, Peter T2 - General and Comparative Endocrinology AB - Plasma profiles of several gonadal steroids and cortisol were examined in a field population of the protandrous, sex-changing anemonefish Amphiprion melanopus to elucidate potential roles of these hormones in gonadal sex change. Sex change was experimentally induced in males by removal of their dominant female pair mates. These sex-changing males were captured and sampled at 5, 10, or 20 days after female removal. Unmanipulated males and females were also sampled. Males had higher plasma levels of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) than did females, but had lower levels of androstenedione (Ad), testosterone (T), and estradiol-17 beta (E2). The three androgens showed decreases from male levels at 10 days, then an increasing trend at 20 days after female removal. E2 levels exhibited no changes from male levels until 20 days, when a significant increase over male levels was observed. Mature females had higher levels of Ad, T, and E2 than the 20-day treatment group, indicating that these steroids continue to rise after Day 20. The results support hypothesized roles for androgens in male function and E2 in female function in A. melanopus. However, E2 increases lagged behind oogonial proliferation, arguing against an influence of this steroid in the initiation of female function. Cortisol levels did not differ between males and females, but exhibited an increase during sex change, peaking at 20 days. DA - 1993/8// PY - 1993/8// DO - 10.1006/gcen.1993.1114 VL - 91 IS - 2 SP - 144-157 J2 - General and Comparative Endocrinology LA - en OP - SN - 0016-6480 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1993.1114 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Laccase Associated with Lignification in Loblolly Pine Xylem AU - Bao, W. AU - O'Malley, D. M. AU - Whetten, R. AU - Sederoff, R. R. T2 - Science AB - Peroxidase has been thought to be the only enzyme that oxidizes monolignol precursors to initiate lignin formation in plants. A laccase was purified from cell walls of differentiating xylem of loblolly pine and shown to coincide in time and place with lignin formation and to oxidize monolignols to dehydrogenation products in vitro. These results suggest that laccase participates in lignin biosynthesis and therefore could be an important target for genetic engineering to modify wood properties or to improve the digestibility of forage crops. DA - 1993/4/30/ PY - 1993/4/30/ DO - 10.1126/science.260.5108.672 VL - 260 IS - 5108 SP - 672-674 J2 - Science LA - en OP - SN - 0036-8075 1095-9203 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5108.672 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of laccase in lignification AU - O'Malley, David M. AU - Whetten, Ross AU - Bao, Wuli AU - Chen, Chen-Loung AU - Sederoff, Ronald R. T2 - The Plant Journal AB - The enzymatic mechanism of monolignol polymerization in lignin biosynthesis is not known, although it has been the subject of significant interest for more than 60 years. Peroxidase had been considered to be the exclusive plant enzyme involved in the oxidative polymerization of lignin precursors. Recently, laccase and laccase-like oxidase activities have been associated with lignification. Laccase is bound to lignifying plant cell walls and can polymerize lignin precursors in vitro. Strong circumstantial evidence from different species implicates this enzyme in the polymerization of lignin precursors. Lignin has a complex structure and it has been difficult to analyze the heterogeneity of lignin by chemical and physical techniques. If lignin precursors are polymerized by enzymes that differ in their catalytic properties, then lignin heterogeneity could be produced by differential expression of multiple enzymes during plant development. When laccase genes are correctly identified, these ideas can be tested in genetic experiments where gain or loss of function can be predicted by the presence or absence of the functional gene. DA - 1993/11// PY - 1993/11// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1993.04050751.x VL - 4 IS - 5 SP - 751–757 SN - 0960-7412 1365-313X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.1993.04050751.x ER - TY - JOUR TI - Volatile sex pheromone in the female German cockroach AU - Liang, D. AU - Schal, C. T2 - Experientia AB - Virgin German cockroach adult females release an attractant that can be extracted with organic solvents and trapped from air blown over sexually receptive females. Behavioral assays with an olfactometer showed that the attractant was produced exclusively by adult females and it elicited behavioral responses in adult males, confirming its function as a female sex pheromone. Using behavioral and electrophysiological assays, we localized the site of pheromone production on the tenth abdominal tergite where an adult female-specific gland is found. Females whose glands were ablated were significantly less attractive to males than sham-operated control females. DA - 1993/4// PY - 1993/4// DO - 10.1007/bf01923412 VL - 49 IS - 4 SP - 324-328 J2 - Experientia LA - en OP - SN - 0014-4754 1420-9071 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01923412 DB - Crossref KW - SEX PHEROMONE KW - GERMAN COCKROACH KW - SEXUAL BEHAVIOR KW - PHEROMONE GLAND KW - ATTRACTANT ER - TY - JOUR TI - VARIABILITY IN JUVENILE-HORMONE PRODUCTION BY LOCUST CORPORA ALLATA KEPT IN-VITRO FOR LONG PERIODS AU - GADOT, M AU - PENER, MP AU - SCHAL, C T2 - PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 257-262 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ULTRASTRUCTURE AND MATURATION OF A SEX-PHEROMONE GLAND IN THE FEMALE GERMAN-COCKROACH, BLATTELLA-GERMANICA AU - LIANG, D AU - SCHAL, C T2 - TISSUE & CELL DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 25 IS - 5 SP - 763-776 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SEX-PHEROMONE FOR THE BROWNBANDED COCKROACH IS AN UNUSUAL DIALKYL-SUBSTITUTED ALPHA-PYRONE AU - CHARLTON, RE AU - WEBSTER, FX AU - ZHANG, AJ AU - SCHAL, C AU - LIANG, DS AU - SRENG, I AU - ROELOFS, WL T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 90 IS - 21 SP - 10202-10205 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ROLE OF THE BRAIN IN JUVENILE-HORMONE SYNTHESIS AND OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT - EFFECTS OF DIETARY-PROTEIN IN THE COCKROACH BLATTELLA-GERMANICA (L) AU - SCHAL, C AU - CHIANG, AS AU - BURNS, EL AU - GADOT, M AU - COOPER, RA T2 - JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 39 IS - 4 SP - 303-313 ER - TY - BOOK TI - HYDROCARBON AND HYDROCARBON DERIVED SEX-PHEROMONES IN INSECTS - BIOCHEMISTRY AND ENDOCRINE REGULATION DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// PB - SE - 317-351 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CALLING BEHAVIOR OF THE FEMALE GERMAN-COCKROACH, BLATTELLA-GERMANICA (DICTYOPTERA, BLATTELLIDAE) AU - LIANG, DS AU - SCHAL, C T2 - JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 6 IS - 5 SP - 603-614 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of resistance to Streptomyces ipomoeae on disease, yield, and dry matter partitioning in sweetpotato. AU - Ristaino, JB AU - others T2 - Plant disease DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 77 IS - 2 SP - 193-196 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial and temporal dynamics of Phytophthora epidemics in commercial bell pepper fields AU - Ristaino, Jean B AU - Larkin, Robert P AU - Campbell, C Lee T2 - Phytopathology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 83 IS - 12 SP - 1312-1320 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Two complex resistance loci revealed in tomato by classical and RFLP mapping of the Cf-2, Cf-4, Cf-5, and Cf-9 genes for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum AU - Jones, D-A AU - Dickinson, M-J AU - Balint-Kurti, P-J AU - Dixon, M-S AU - Jones, J-D-G T2 - Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 348-357 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clostridium septicum septicemia in a neonatal foal with hemorrhagic enteritis AU - Jones, S.L. AU - Wilson, W.D. T2 - The Cornell Veterinarian DA - 1993/4// PY - 1993/4// VL - 83 IS - 2 SP - 143–151 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/8467700 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lymphocytes protect against and are not required for reovirus-induced myocarditis AU - Sherry, B. AU - Li, XY AU - Tyler, KL AU - Cullen, JM AU - Virgin, HW, 4th T2 - Journal of Virology C2 - 238034 DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 67 IS - 10 SP - 6119–6124 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cytopathogenic effect in cardiac myocytes but not in cardiac fibroblasts is correlated with reovirus-induced acute myocarditis AU - Baty, C.J. AU - Sherry, B. T2 - Journal of Virology C2 - 238056 DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 67 IS - 10 SP - 6295–6298 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hypothesis: the central oscillator of the circadian clock is a controlled chaotic attractor AU - Lloyd, Alun L. AU - Lloyd, David T2 - Biosystems AB - Controlled chaos may be important for the generation of rhythmic behaviour in living systems. A model is proposed in which the central circadian oscillator is a chaotic attractor. Whereas a limit cycle mechanism (previously invoked to explain circadian clocks as well as ultradian clocks and cell division cycles) can provide only a single stable periodic orbit, a chaotic attractor can generate rich dynamic behaviour. Control by feedback makes accessible a selected stabilized orbit; this can be chosen so as to optimize system performance. Such a system can accommodate a wide variety of requirements, e.g. that a single clock mutation can affect both period and temperature compensation, and the generation of higher periods from an ultradian oscillator. Simultaneous operation of more than one clock (with differing periods) may require a high-dimension chaotic attractor. Attractive features of such a model include versatility of period selection (e.g. as in the per mutants of Drosophila) and the use of control elements of the type already well known in metabolic circuitry. DA - 1993/1// PY - 1993/1// DO - 10.1016/0303-2647(93)90085-q VL - 29 IS - 2-3 SP - 77-85 J2 - Biosystems LA - en OP - SN - 0303-2647 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(93)90085-q DB - Crossref KW - CHAOS KW - CIRCADIAN CLOCK KW - ULTRADIAN CLOCK KW - CELL DIVISION CYCLE KW - BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS KW - BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS KW - PER MUTATION IN DROSOPHILA KW - FRQ MUTATION IN NEUROSPORA ER - TY - JOUR TI - An inexpensive infrared growth sensor array for detection of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility AU - Mason, David J. AU - Lloyd, Alun L. AU - Lloyd, David T2 - FEMS Microbiology Letters AB - An inexpensive infrared sensor was constructed and used for the rapid testing of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility by detection of changes in absorbance at 950 nm. By comparing cultures of clinical isolates together with control strains (Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 or Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10662) after addition of an antibiotic, results on susceptibility were obtained within 3-5 h from the original plate culture. Representative strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus were tested successfully against ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin or ciprofloxacin. DA - 1993/8// PY - 1993/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06394.x VL - 111 IS - 2-3 SP - 251-254 LA - en OP - SN - 0378-1097 1574-6968 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06394.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Cucumber and Horned Cucumber AU - Walters, S. Alan AU - Wehner, Todd C. AU - Barkel, Kenneth R. T2 - HortScience AB - Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and horned cucumber ( C. metuliferus Naud.) germplasm were evaluated for their resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). All 24 C. metuliferus cultigens evaluated were resistant to all root-knot nematodes tested- M. incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood race 3, M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 2, and M. hapla Chitwood. All 884 C. sativus cultigens (cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introduction accessions) tested were resistant to M. hapla and few to M. incognita race 3. Only 50 of 884 C. sativus cultigens evaluated were somewhat resistant to M. arenaria race 2 and M. incognita race 3. A retest of the most resistant C. sativus cultigens revealed that LJ 90430 [an accession of C. sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef.] and `Mincu' were the only cultigens that were moderately resistant to M. arenaria race 2. LJ 90430 was the only cultigen, besides the two retested C. metuliferus cultigens, that was resistant to M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood. All C. sativus cultigens retested, including LJ 90430, were highly susceptible to M. incognita races 1 and 3. The two C. metuliferus cultigens retested were highly resistant to all root-knot nematodes tested- M. arenaria race 2, M. incognita races 1 and 3, and M. javanica. DA - 1993/2// PY - 1993/2// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.28.2.151 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 151-154 OP - SN - 0018-5345 2327-9834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.2.151 DB - Crossref KW - CUCUMIS-SATIVUS KW - CUCUMIS-METULIFERUS KW - DISEASE RESISTANCE KW - CUCURBIT KW - MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA KW - M-ARENARIA KW - M-HAPLA KW - MELOIDOGYNE-JAVANICA KW - VEGETABLE BREEDING ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scaffold attachment regions increase reporter gene expresssion in stably transformed plant cells AU - Allen, G.C. AU - Hall, G.E. AU - Childs, L.C. AU - Weissinger, A.K. AU - Spiker, S.L. AU - Thompson, W.F. T2 - Plant Cell DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2307/3869803 VL - 5 SP - 603–613 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Ferredoxin gene expression and its regulation by light AU - Dickey, L.F. AU - Gallo-Meagher, M. AU - Thompson, W.F. T2 - Control of Plant Gene Expression A2 - Verma, D.P.S. PY - 1993/// SP - 211–222 PB - CRC Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sequence of Lhcb3∗1, a gene encoding a Photosystem II chlorophyll protein in Pisum AU - Falconet, Denis AU - Godon, Christian AU - White, Michael J. AU - Thompson, William F. T2 - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression AB - We have cloned and sequenced a pea Lhcb3 gene, encoding a Photosystem II chlorophyll a/b-binding protein. Sequence analysis indicates that the gene contains two introns and predicts a polypeptide of 265 amino acids. The predicted polypeptide sequence is highly homologous to the polypeptide sequences deduced from Lhcb3 genes previously characterized in tomato and barley. DA - 1993/6// PY - 1993/6// DO - 10.1016/0167-4781(93)90133-x VL - 1173 IS - 3 SP - 333-336 J2 - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression LA - en OP - SN - 0167-4781 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4781(93)90133-x DB - Crossref KW - LHCB GENE KW - CHLOROPHYLL A/B-BINDING PROTEIN KW - NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE KW - (PISUM) ER - TY - CONF TI - The effect of paclobutrazol (Bonzi) on shoot elongation and flower bud set of container grown 'Roseum Elegans' rhododendron AU - Bir, R.E. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 1993/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 38th Annual Report DA - 1993/// SP - 273–275 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Propagation and overwintering techniques of Stewartia ovata AU - Curtis, D. AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - 1991-1992 Annual Report North Carolina Cooperative Program 14 DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Practical research at North Carolina State University AU - Bir, R.E. AU - Ranney, T.G. AU - Bilderback, T.E. AU - Hoyt, G.D. C2 - 1993/// C3 - Proceedings of the 1993 Alabama Nurserymen's Association Summer Seminar DA - 1993/// ER - TY - MGZN TI - Natural resistance of birch, cherry, and crabapple taxa to feeding by adult Japanese beetle AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - Center for Development of Hardy Landscape Plants, Newsletter DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 4 SP - 4-7 M1 - 1 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Natural resistance of birch, cherry and crabapple taxa to feeding by adult Japanese beetles AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - Nursery Notes DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 27 SP - 7, 9–10 M1 - 2 ER - TY - CONF TI - Flood tolerant Prunus AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 1993/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 38th Annual Report DA - 1993/// SP - 383–385 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feeding the soil. Just how effective are organic soil amendments? AU - Bir, R.E. AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - American Nurseryman DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 177 IS - 10 SP - 69-80 ER - TY - CONF TI - Effects of uniconazole on photosynthesis, dark respiration and water use efficiency of 'Spectabilis' forsythia AU - Thetford, M. AU - Warren, S.L. AU - Blazich, F.A. AU - Ranney, T.G. C2 - 1993/// C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference, 38th Annual Report DA - 1993/// SP - 27–29 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chemical control of basal sprouts on river birch AU - Bir, R.E. AU - Ranney, T.G. T2 - American Nurseryman DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 178 IS - 8 SP - 105-107 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inhibition of Ammonia Oxidation in Nitrosomonas europaea by Sulfur Compounds: Thioethers Are Oxidized to Sulfoxides by Ammonia Monooxygenase AU - Juliette, L. Y. AU - Hyman, M. R. AU - Arp, D. J. T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology C2 - PMC182523 DA - 1993/11// PY - 1993/11// VL - 59 IS - 11 SP - 3718-3727 J2 - Appl. Environ. Microbiol. LA - eng SN - 0099-2240 ST - Inhibition of Ammonia Oxidation in Nitrosomonas europaea by Sulfur Compounds DB - PubMed ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro activation of ammonia monooxygenase from Nitrosomonas europaea by copper. AU - Ensign, S A AU - Hyman, M R AU - Arp, D J T2 - Journal of Bacteriology C2 - PMC204278 DA - 1993/4// PY - 1993/4// VL - 175 IS - 7 SP - 1971-1980 J2 - J Bacteriol SN - 0021-9193 UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC204278/ DB - PubMed Central Y2 - 2019/2/1/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Ammonia Monooxygenase in Nitrosomonas europaea by Allylsulfide AU - Juliette, L. Y. AU - Hyman, M. R. AU - Arp, D. J. T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology C2 - PMC182524 DA - 1993/11// PY - 1993/11// VL - 59 IS - 11 SP - 3728-3735 J2 - Appl. Environ. Microbiol. LA - eng SN - 0099-2240 DB - PubMed ER - TY - JOUR TI - An electrophoretic study of the thermal- and reductant-dependent aggregation of the 27 kDa component of ammonia monooxygenase from Nitrosomonas europaea AU - Hyman, M. R. AU - Arp, D. J. T2 - Electrophoresis DA - 1993/7// PY - 1993/7// VL - 14 IS - 7 SP - 619-627 J2 - Electrophoresis LA - eng SN - 0173-0835 DB - PubMed ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phylogenetic Relationships of Cornus L. Sensu Lato and Putative Relatives Inferred from rbcL Sequence Data AU - Xiang, Qiu-Yun AU - Soltis, Douglas E. AU - Morgan, David R. AU - Soltis, Pamela S. T2 - Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden AB - A parsimony analysis of 46 rbcL sequences was performed to evaluate relationships among Cornus and putative relatives, as well as among subgroups within Cornus. Our results indicate that Alangium, nyssoids (Nyssa, Davidia, and Camptotheca), mastixioids (Diplopanax and Mastixia), Curtisia, and genera of Hydrangeaceae are the closest relatives of Cornus. These taxa, plus Cornus, constitute a «cornaceous clade,» which differs from all previously proposed Cornus alliances. Within this cornaceous clade, four major lineages were identified; (i) Cornus-Alangium, (ii) nyssoids-mastixioids, (iii) Curtisia, and (iv) hydrangeoids. The relationships among the four major lineages within the cornaceous clade remain unresolved DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2307/2399856 VL - 80 IS - 3 SP - 723 SN - 00266493 UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/2399856?origin=crossref DB - Crossref Y2 - 2019/1/29/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phylogenetics of Seed Plants: An Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences from the Plastid Gene rbcL AU - Chase, Mark W. AU - Soltis, Douglas E. AU - Olmstead, Richard G. AU - Morgan, David AU - Les, Donald H. AU - Mishler, Brent D. AU - Duvall, Melvin R. AU - Price, Robert A. AU - Hills, Harold G. AU - Qiu, Yin-Long AU - Kron, Kathleen A. AU - Rettig, Jeffrey H. AU - Conti, Elena AU - Palmer, Jeffrey D. AU - Manhart, James R. AU - Sytsma, Kenneth J. AU - Michaels, Helen J. AU - Kress, W. John AU - Karol, Kenneth G. AU - Clark, W. Dennis AU - Hedren, Mikael AU - Gaut, Brandon S. AU - Jansen, Robert K. AU - Kim, Ki-Joong AU - Wimpee, Charles F. AU - Smith, James F. AU - Furnier, Glenn R. AU - Strauss, Steven H. AU - Xiang, Qui-Yun AU - Plunkett, Gregory M. AU - Soltis, Pamela S. AU - Swensen, Susan M. AU - Williams, Stephen E. AU - Gadek, Paul A. AU - Quinn, Christopher J. AU - Eguiarte, Luis E. AU - Golenberg, Edward AU - Learn, Gerald H. AU - Graham, Sean W. AU - Barrett, Spencer C. H. AU - Dayanandan, Selvadurai AU - Albert, Victor A. T2 - Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden AB - We present the results of two exploratory parsimony analyses of DNA sequences from 475 and 499 species of seed plants, respectively, representing all major taxonomic groups. The data are exclusively from the chloroplast gene rbcL, which codes for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO or RuBPCase). We used two different state-transformation assumptions resulting in two sets of cladograms: (i) equal-weighting for the 499-taxon analysis; and (ii) a procedure that differentially weights transversions over transitions within characters and codon positions among characters for the 475-taxon analysis. The degree of congruence between these results and other molecular, as well as morphological, cladistic studies indicates that rbcL sequence variation contains historical evidence appropriate for phylogenetic analysis at this taxonomic level of sampling. Because the topologies presented are necessarily approximate and cannot be evaluated adequately for internal support, these results should be assessed from the perspective of their predictive value and used to direct future studies, both molecular and morphological. In both analyses, the three genera of Gnetales are placed together as the sister group of the flowering plants, and the anomalous aquatic Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllaceae) is sister to all other flowering plants. Several major lineages identified correspond well with at least some recent taxonomic schemes for angiosperms, particularly those of Dahlgren and Thorne. The basalmost clades within the angiosperms are orders of the apparently polyphyletic subclass Magnoliidae sensu Cronquist. The most conspicuous feature of the topology is that the major division is not monocot versus dicot, but rather one correlated with general pollen type: uniaperturate versus triaperturate. The Dilleniidae and Hamamelidae are the only subclasses that are grossly polyphyletic; an examination of the latter is presented as an example of the use of these broad analyses to focus more restricted studies. A broadly circumscribed Rosidae is paraphyletic to Asteridae and Dilleniidae. Subclass Caryophyllidae is monophyletic and derived from within Rosidae in the 475-taxon analysis but is sister to a group composed of broadly delineated Asteridae and Rosidae in the 499-taxon study. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2307/2399846 VL - 80 IS - 3 SP - 528 SN - 00266493 ST - Phylogenetics of Seed Plants UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/2399846?origin=crossref DB - Crossref Y2 - 2019/1/29/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Cornaceae AU - Xiang, Q.-Y. T2 - Vascular Flora of the Hengduan Mountains A2 - Wang, W.T. A2 - Wu, S.G. A2 - Lang, K.Y. A2 - Li, P.Q. A2 - Pu, F.T. A2 - Chen, S.K. PY - 1993/// VL - 1 SP - 1356–1363 PB - Science Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - LEAF ISOPRENE EMISSION RATE IS DEPENDENT ON LEAF DEVELOPMENT AND THE LEVEL OF ISOPRENE SYNTHASE AU - KUZMA, J AU - FALL, R T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is a major volatile hydrocarbon produced by many plant species. Here we report that in velvet bean (Mucuna sp.), isoprene emission is strongly dependent on leaf developmental state and that changes in extractable isoprene synthase activity parallel isoprene emission rates during leaf development. Both leaf emission and enzyme activity exhibit over 100-fold increases from leaf emergence to leaf age 14 d and exhibit similar patterns to 23 d. This suggests that the enzyme, isoprene synthase, is responsible for the in vivo production of isoprene and that the level of the enzyme regulates the pattern of isoprene emission in response to leaf development. DA - 1993/2// PY - 1993/2// DO - 10.1104/pp.101.2.435 VL - 101 IS - 2 SP - 435-440 SN - 0032-0889 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0001127362&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Genetic variation in Pinus brutia TEN. populations along the a transect from the sea level to high elevations: Seedling traits. AU - Isik, F. AU - Kaya, Z. C2 - 1993/// C3 - International Pinus brutia Symposium DA - 1993/// SP - 243-253 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Provenance and family variation for juvenile growth characteristics of Pinus taeda L. and the impact on early selection for growth AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Bridgwater, F. E. T2 - Studia Forestalia Suecica DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 191 SP - 5-10 ER - TY - CONF TI - Growth and stem sinuosity of diverse provenances of three-year-old loblolly pine AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Jett, J. B. C2 - 1993/// C3 - Proceedings of the 22nd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference DA - 1993/// SP - 208-213 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A means of accelerating red oak genetic tests AU - Struve, D. K. AU - McKeand, Steven T2 - Annales des Sciences Forestieres DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1051/forest:19930747 VL - 50 SP - 410–415 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Canine Exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi and Prevalence of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) on Deer as a Measure of Lyme Disease Risk in the Northeastern United States AU - Daniels, Thomas J. AU - Fish, Durland AU - Levine, Jay F. AU - Greco, Martha A. AU - Eaton, Alan T. AU - Padgett, Penelope J. AU - Lapointe, Dennis A. T2 - Journal of Medical Entomology AB - Journal Article Canine Exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi and Prevalence of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) on Deer as a Measure of Lyme Disease Risk in the Northeastern United States Get access Thomas J. Daniels, Thomas J. Daniels Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Durland Fish, Durland Fish Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jay F. Levine, Jay F. Levine 1 Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 1Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martha A. Greco, Martha A. Greco 2 Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 2Center for Veterinary Public Health, Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD 21201. Current address: P.O. Box 31, Reedsburg, WI 53959. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alan T. Eaton, Alan T. Eaton 3 Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 3Department of Entomology, Nesmith Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Penelope J. Padgett, Penelope J. Padgett 4 Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 4Department of Biology, FSC Box F214, Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA 17257. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dennis A. Lapointe Dennis A. Lapointe 5 Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 5Department of Entomology, Fernald Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003. Current address: Department of Entomology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 30, Issue 1, 1 January 1993, Pages 171–178, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/30.1.171 Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Received: 16 June 1992 Accepted: 08 October 1992 Published: 01 January 1993 DA - 1993/1/1/ PY - 1993/1/1/ DO - 10.1093/jmedent/30.1.171 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 171-178 LA - en OP - SN - 1938-2928 0022-2585 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/30.1.171 DB - Crossref KW - LYME DISEASE KW - SEROSURVEY KW - TICKS ER - TY - CONF TI - Application of genetic markers to tree breeding AU - Grattapaglia, D. AU - Chaparro, J. AU - Wilcox, P. AU - McCord, S. AU - Crane, B. AU - Amerson, H. AU - Werner, D. AU - Liu, B. H. AU - O'Malley, D. AU - Whetten, R. AU - McKeand, S. AU - Goldfard, B. AU - Greenwood, M. AU - Kuhlman, G. AU - Bridgwater, F. AU - Sederoff, R. C2 - 1993/// C3 - Proceedings of the 22nd Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference DA - 1993/// SP - 452-463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mutation models and quantitative genetic variation AU - Zeng, Z. B. AU - Cockerham, C. C. T2 - Genetics DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 133 IS - 3 SP - 729 ER - TY - JOUR TI - FIELD-TESTS FOR CUCUMBER RESISTANCE TO GUMMY STEM BLIGHT IN NORTH-CAROLINA AU - WEHNER, TC AU - STAMAND, PC T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - Gummy stem blight [Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm] is the second most important pathogen of field-grown cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) in North Carolina and a severe problem for greenhouse-grown cucumbers worldwide. To determine whether resistance exists under North Carolina field conditions, 83 cultigens [cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introduction (PI) accessions] were evaluated in the field for 4 years for their resistance to a mixture of D. bryoniae isolates. Plants were inoculated at the vine tip-over stage and rated for foliar lesion size and number. Cultigens identified as resistant in Wisconsin and The Netherlands were not resistant in North Carolina. When averaged over years and locations, the most resistant C. sativus cultigens were PI 164433, `Slice', PI 390264, M 17, and M 12. Several accessions of related Cucumis species were highly resistant: PI 299568 (C. myriocarpus Naud.), PI 282450 (C. zeyheri Sond.), PI 299572 (C. myriocarpus), and PI 233646 (C. anguria L.). The most susceptible cultivars were `Colet', `Meresto', `Supergreen', `Dura', `Pioneer', `Marketmore 76', `Pickmore', and `Addis'. `Calypso' and `Dasher II', popular cultivars in North Carolina, were moderately susceptible. DA - 1993/4// PY - 1993/4// DO - 10.21273/hortsci.28.4.327 VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 327-329 SN - 0018-5345 KW - ASCOCHYTA-CUCUMIS KW - COLLETOTRICHUM-ORBICULARE KW - CUCUMIS-ANGURIA KW - CUCUMIS-MYRIOCARPUS KW - CUCUMIS-SATIVUS KW - CUCUMIS-ZEYHERI KW - CUCURBITACEAE KW - DIDYMELLA-BRYONIAE KW - DISEASE RESISTANCE KW - MYCOSPHAERELLA-CITRULLINA KW - MYCOSPHAERELLA-MELONIS KW - PHOMA-CUCURBITACEARUM KW - PHYLLOSTICTA-CUCURBITACEARUM KW - VEGETABLE BREEDING ER - TY - JOUR TI - Registration of 'Mulligan' barley AU - Murphy, J. P. AU - Navarro, R. A. AU - Leath, S. AU - Murphy, C. F. T2 - Crop Science AB - Crop ScienceVolume 33, Issue 6 cropsci1993.0011183X003300060055x p. 1402-1402 Registration of Cultivars Registration of ‘Mulligan’ Barley J. P. Murphy, Corresponding Author J. P. Murphy n/a@.dne Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorR. A. Navarro, R. A. NavarroSearch for more papers by this authorS. Leath, S. LeathSearch for more papers by this authorC. F. Murphy, C. F. MurphySearch for more papers by this author J. P. Murphy, Corresponding Author J. P. Murphy n/a@.dne Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorR. A. Navarro, R. A. NavarroSearch for more papers by this authorS. Leath, S. LeathSearch for more papers by this authorC. F. Murphy, C. F. MurphySearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 November 1993 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300060055xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume33, Issue6November–December 1993Pages 1402-1402 RelatedInformation DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183x003300060055x VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1402 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Registration of 'Mollybloom' barley AU - Murphy, J. P. AU - Navarro, R. A. AU - Leath, S. AU - Murphy, C. F. T2 - Crop Science AB - Crop ScienceVolume 33, Issue 6 cropsci1993.0011183X003300060056x p. 1402-1403 Registration of Cultivars Registration of ‘Mollybloom’ Barley J. P. Murphy, Corresponding Author J. P. Murphy n/a@.dne Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorR. A. Navarro, R. A. NavarroSearch for more papers by this authorS. Leath, S. LeathSearch for more papers by this authorC. F. Murphy, C. F. MurphySearch for more papers by this author J. P. Murphy, Corresponding Author J. P. Murphy n/a@.dne Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorR. A. Navarro, R. A. NavarroSearch for more papers by this authorS. Leath, S. LeathSearch for more papers by this authorC. F. Murphy, C. F. MurphySearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 November 1993 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300060056xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume33, Issue6November–December 1993Pages 1402-1403 RelatedInformation DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183x003300060056x VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1402 ER - TY - JOUR TI - REGISTRATION OF YEATS OAT AU - MURPHY, JP AU - NAVARRO, RA AU - LEATH, S AU - MURPHY, CF T2 - CROP SCIENCE AB - Crop ScienceVolume 33, Issue 6 cropsci1993.0011183X003300060064x p. 1408-1408 Registration of Cultivars Registration of ‘Yeats’ Oat J. P. Murphy, Corresponding Author J. P. Murphy n/[email protected] Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorR. A. Navarro, R. A. NavarroSearch for more papers by this authorS. Leath, S. LeathSearch for more papers by this authorC. F. Murphy, C. F. MurphySearch for more papers by this author J. P. Murphy, Corresponding Author J. P. Murphy n/[email protected] Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorR. A. Navarro, R. A. NavarroSearch for more papers by this authorS. Leath, S. LeathSearch for more papers by this authorC. F. Murphy, C. F. MurphySearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 November 1993 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300060064xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume33, Issue6November–December 1993Pages 1408-1408 RelatedInformation DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300060064x VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1408-1408 SN - 0011-183X ER - TY - JOUR TI - ISOZYME VARIATION IN CULTIVATED OAT AND ITS PROGENITOR SPECIES, AVENA-STERILIS L AU - MURPHY, JP AU - PHILLIPS, TD T2 - CROP SCIENCE AB - Effective identification of wild accessions with potential to enhance variation for complex, Iow‐heritability traits is a prerequisite to broader utilization of conserved genetic resources. In two previous studies, 23 enzyme systems were assayed in 405 oat cultivars ( Avena sativa L. and A. byzantina C. Koch) and in 1005 accessions of the progenitor species. A. sterilis L. The objectives of the present report were to (i) compare isozymic variation in cultivated oat with a broad geographical sample of accessions of the progenitor species and (ii) propose strategy to assist in the efficient sampling of progenitor germplasm by North American oat breeders. Avena sterilis displayed a greater level of isozymic diversity compared to cultivated germplasm based upon number and frequencies of variants. Three sampling strategies are discussed whereby a representative core of A. sterilis accessions could be selected from the progenitor germplasm pool. A combined strategy is outlined that incorporates elements of all three, with selection of accessions from (i) the center of isozymic diversity (Turkey), (ii) six clusters of A. sterilis accessions identified by multivariate analysis of genetic distances between accessions without regard to provenance data, and (iii) those accessions with variants present at intermediate to high frequencies in A. sterilis from individual countries or clusters yet absent in cultivated germplasm. Selected A. sterilis accessions could be used in combining ability analyses with cultivated germplasm. Subsequent, more extensive, exploitation of the germplasm collection might be based on results from these exploratory evaluations of breeding potential. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183X003300060048x VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 1366-1372 SN - 0011-183X ER - TY - JOUR TI - SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF PHYTOPHTHORA EPIDEMICS IN COMMERCIAL BELL PEPPER FIELDS AU - RISTAINO, JB AU - LARKIN, RP AU - CAMPBELL, CL T2 - PHYTOPATHOLOGY AB - Epidemics in bell pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici were monitored in three commercial fields to characterize the spatial pattern of disease and to gain a preliminary indication of dispersal mechanisms that may influence spatial disease progress. Disease incidence increased from 3.8 to 35.8% and from 13.6 to 38.5%, and the final percentage of quadrats with plants with wilt, crown lesions, stem lesions, or dead plants was 15.8, 16.8, 15.5, and 15.3 in field one and 16.5, 23.5, 10.5, and 31 in field two, respectively. In field three, disease incidence increased from 15.9 to 22.6% in the upper portion of the field and from 53.1 to 67.3% in the lower portion of the field [...] DA - 1993/12// PY - 1993/12// DO - 10.1094/Phyto-83-1312 VL - 83 IS - 12 SP - 1312-1320 SN - 1943-7684 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027134395&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - INFECTION OF SWEET-POTATO FIBROUS ROOTS BY STREPTOMYCES-IPOMOEAE - INFLUENCE OF SOIL-WATER POTENTIAL AU - RISTAINO, JB T2 - SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY AB - The effect of the matric component of soil water potential (Ψm) on infection of fibrous roots of sweetpotato (Ipomoeae batatas) cv. Jewel by Streptomyces ipomoeae and the influence of infection on water extraction by fibrous roots were examined. The severity of disease on fibrous roots was low in plants grown at constant Ψm of 0, −1.0 or −2.5J kg−1 in non-fumigated or fumigated soils infested with S. ipomoeae. Disease severity increased with decreasing Ψm and was greatest at Ψm of −7.5 to −20J kg−1. Growth of S. ipomoeae in water-filled pores and subsequent infection may have been limited at Ψm of 0, −1.0 and −2.5J kg−1. Root and shoot dry weights of sweetpotato were significantly lower in plants grown in infested soil than in non-infested soils at Ψm between −5 and −20J kg−1, but were not affected by disease at Ψm of 0, −1.0 or −2.5 J kg−1. The severity of disease on fibrous roots was low in plants drip-irrigated on a daily schedule, whereas the severity of disease on fibrous roots was significantly greater in plants irrigated on either a 4- or 6-day schedule. Total dry weights of roots were lower in plants grown for 4 weeks in infested than non-infested soil. However, total dry weights of roots were not affected by disease as compared to non-inoculated controls in plants grown for 8 weeks, thus suggesting that roots of cv. Jewel may be able to compensate for disease by production of additional root biomass in soil. Although root dry weight was not affected by disease in plants grown for 8 weeks, diseased plants extracted significantly less water from soil than healthy plants. Therefore, the effect of disease on water extraction from soil was not due solely to a reduction in root biomass. Limited growth of roots to inoculum in saturated soil, limited growth of the pathogen in saturated soil, or altered susceptibility of the host may explain the reduction of disease at high Ψm. DA - 1993/2// PY - 1993/2// DO - 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90025-7 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 185-192 SN - 1879-3428 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-38249004366&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECT OF RESISTANCE TO STREPTOMYCES-IPOMOEA ON DISEASE, YIELD, AND DRY-MATTER PARTITIONING IN SWEET-POTATO AU - RISTAINO, JB T2 - PLANT DISEASE DA - 1993/2// PY - 1993/2// DO - 10.1094/PD-77-0193 VL - 77 IS - 2 SP - 193-196 SN - 0191-2917 KW - POX KW - ACTINOMYCETE ER - TY - JOUR TI - DISTRIBUTION OF 2ND-GENERATION EUROPEAN CORN-BORER, OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS, EGG MASSES IN FIELD CORN AND RELATIONSHIP TO SUBSEQUENT TUNNELING DAMAGE AU - SORENSON, CE AU - KENNEDY, GG AU - VANDUYN, JW AU - BRADLEY, , JR T2 - ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA AB - Abstract The relationship between second generation European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) egg mass numbers and subsequent field corn damage, as measured by stalk cavity numbers, was studied in 79 fields in northeastern North Carolina over three years. A mean of 0.028 egg masses per plant (645 egg masses/23400 plants) was found over the course of the study. Significant differences in oviposition rate were detected between fields and years. Ca. 85% of egg masses were deposited in a five leaf zone surrounding the primary ear; of these, 89% were found on the lower four leaves in this zone. Egg masses appeared to be distributed randomly within fields but at low rates of incidence, and oviposition was relatively uniform between sampling areas within individual fields. Under moderate to high oviposition pressure (mean number of egg masses per plant over the duration of the oviposition period >ca. 0.02), eggs laid during the early phases of the oviposition period account for more subsequent stalk damage than eggs laid during the later phases of the oviposition period. Variations in second generation egg mass numbers accounted for ca. 70% of variation in stalk cavity numbers. DA - 1993/7// PY - 1993/7// DO - 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1993.tb01684.x VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 15-23 SN - 0013-8703 KW - INSECTA KW - OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS KW - EGG DISTRIBUTION KW - MAIZE ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gene list update for cucumber AU - Wehner, T. C. T2 - Report (Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative) DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 16 SP - 92 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Field anesthesia in the North American river otter (Lutra canadensis) AU - Spelman, L. H. AU - Summer, P. W. AU - Levine, J. F. AU - Stoskopf, M. K. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 19–27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relative utilization of reptiles and rodents as hosts by immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in the coastal plain of North Carolina, USA AU - Apperson, C. S. AU - Levine, J. F. AU - Evans, T. L. AU - Braswell, A. AU - Heller, J. T2 - Experimental & Applied Acarology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 17 IS - 10 SP - 719-731 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Risk factors associated with acute pancreatitis in dogs: 101 cases (1985-1990) AU - Cook, A. K. AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. AU - Levine, J. F. AU - Bunch, S. E. AU - Linn, L. O. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 203 IS - 5 SP - 673-679 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Patterned secondary wall assembly in tracheary elements occurs in a self-perpetuating cascade AU - Taylor, J. G. AU - Haigler, Candace H. T2 - Acta Botanica Neerlandica AB - The behaviours are presented of newly-synthesized xylan and putative glycine-rich protein during patterned secondary cell-wall biogenesis in drug-treated tracheary elements (TEs) differentiating in culture from isolated mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans. The normal secondary wall thickenings contain cellulose, xylan, and lignin, and the results reported here suggest that they also contain glycine-rich protein (GRP). However, qualifications to this definitive interpretation are discussed. The specific cellulose synthesis inhibitors, 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) and isoxaben, were applied near the onset of differentiation. When they were fully effective in inhibiting deposition of detectable cellulose in the thickenings, no labelling of the thickenings was observed with probes for xylan (xylanase and an antibody to xylose) or GRP (an antibody). When the drugs were partially effective, a small amount of detectable cellulose was still deposited in the thickenings. In such TEs, patches of xylan and GRP were observed between thickenings, suggesting that these components were exocytosed but not able to localize at the altered thickenings. A model for cell-wall assembly is presented in which some molecules themselves are able to mediate the patterning of others, so that patterned secondary cell-wall assembly partly occurs by a self-perpetuating cascade. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1993.tb00692.x VL - 42 SP - 153–163 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cool temperature effects on cotton fiber initiation and elongation clarified using in vitro cultures AU - Xie, W. AU - Trolinder, N. L. AU - Haigler, Candace H. T2 - Crop Science AB - An understanding of the mechanistic basis of adverse environmental effects on cotton fiber development is a prerequisite to future improvement through genetic engineering and aids in field management to minimize such adverse effects. In order to clarify previous results from field studies on the effects of cool temperatures on initiation, early elongation, and later elongation of cotton fibers, cotton ovules ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultured in vitro were used as a manipulable and reproducible experimental system based on previous evidence that they provide a valid model. Culture temperature varied from a control of 34 °C constant to 34/15 °C cycling (12/12 h) to mimic a typical diurnal temperature cycle. Fiber initiation and early elongation were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and the progress of later elongation was determined by ruler measurements. The results demonstrated that fiber initiation and early elongation (up to about 0.5‐mm length) were independently delayed by cycling cool temperatures, but that later elongation preceded in a temperature‐independent manner. The early delay in fiber development caused by cycling cool temperatures was associated with a longer elongation period during which fibers could attain the control length. Therefore, the results suggest that there are three stages of fiber elongation as distinguished by different temperature responses: initiation, early elongation, and later elongation to attain the genetically determined potential. Consequently, the field temperature during fiber initiation and early elongation may have a profound effect on the final fiber length attained in a limited growing season. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183x003300060029x VL - 33 SP - 1258–1264 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THEORETICAL BASIS FOR SEPARATION OF MULTIPLE LINKED GENE EFFECTS IN MAPPING QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI AU - ZENG, ZB T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - It is now possible to use complete genetic linkage maps to locate major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome regions. The current methods of QTL mapping (e.g., interval mapping, which uses a pair or two pairs of flanking markers at a time for mapping) can be subject to the effects of other linked QTLs on a chromosome because the genetic background is not controlled. As a result, mapping of QTLs can be biased, and the resolution of mapping is not very high. Ideally when we test a marker interval for a QTL, we would like our test statistic to be independent of the effects of possible QTLs at other regions of the chromosome so that the effects of QTLs can be separated. This test statistic can be constructed by using a pair of markers to locate the testing position and at the same time using other markers to control the genetic background through a multiple regression analysis. Theory is developed in this paper to explore the idea of a conditional test via multiple regression analysis. Various properties of multiple regression analysis in relation to QTL mapping are examined. Theoretical analysis indicates that it is advantageous to construct such a testing procedure for mapping QTLs and that such a test can potentially increase the precision of QTL mapping substantially. DA - 1993/12/1/ PY - 1993/12/1/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.90.23.10972 VL - 90 IS - 23 SP - 10972-10976 SN - 0027-8424 KW - GENE MAPPING KW - MOLECULAR GENETIC MARKERS KW - QUANTITATIVE GENETICS KW - MULTIPLE REGRESSION KW - INTERVAL TEST ER - TY - JOUR TI - MINIMAL ROLE OF ENHANCED CELL-PROLIFERATION IN SKIN TUMOR PROMOTION BY MIREX - A NONPHORBOL ESTER-TYPE PROMOTER AU - MEYER, SA AU - MOSER, GJ AU - MONTEIRORIVIERE, NA AU - SMART, RC T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES DA - 1993/12// PY - 1993/12// DO - 10.2307/3431879 VL - 101 IS - Suppl. 5 SP - 265-269 SN - 0091-6765 ER -