TY - CHAP TI - Power, Politics, and the Framing of Environmental Illness AU - Shriver, Thomas E. AU - White, Debbie AU - Kebede, Alem Seghed T2 - Readings in Sociology A2 - McNeal, Ralph, Jr. A2 - Tiemann, Kathleen PY - 1998/// PB - Pearson Custom Publishing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Race, Rap and Resistance: A Social Movement Analysis of the Wu Tang AU - Chasteen, Amy L. AU - Shriver, Thomas E. T2 - Challenge: A Journal of Research on African American Men DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 1–24 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Don't Burn It Here: Grassroots Challenges to Trash Incinerators. By Edward  J. Walsh, Rex  Warland, and D.  Clayton Smith. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997. Pp. xiii+292. $50.00 (cloth); $17.95 (paper). AU - Shriver, Thomas E. AU - Walsh, Edward J. AU - Warland, Rex AU - Smith, D. Clayton AB - Previous articleNext article No AccessBook Review Don't Burn It Here: Grassroots Challenges to Trash Incinerators. By Edward J. Walsh, Rex Warland, and D. Clayton Smith. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997. Pp. xiii+292. $50.00 (cloth); $17.95 (paper).Thomas E. ShriverThomas E. ShriverOklahoma State University Search for more articles by this author Oklahoma State UniversityPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 104, Number 2September 1998 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/210055 Views: 8Total views on this site Permission to reprint a book review printed in this section may be obtained only from the author.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article. DA - 1998/9// PY - 1998/9// DO - 10.1086/210055 VL - 104 PB - University of Chicago Press SE - 544–546 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/210055 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Power, Politics, and the Framing of Environmental Illness AU - Shriver, Thomas E. AU - White, Deborah A. AU - Kebede, AlemSeghed T2 - Sociological Inquiry AB - The medical community, along with other government agencies, has created its own frame of environmental illness. This frame has been generally accepted by the American public. In this paper we discuss framing in general and the factors related to how the environmental illness frame has been constructed and maintained. We offer a brief history of the medical institution and illustrate the frame with its definitions of environmental illness. Qualitative data from a study of Oak Ridge, a contaminated community located in Tennessee, are examined to analyze the consequences of challenging the environmental illness frame. Implications for future research are discussed. DA - 1998/10// PY - 1998/10// DO - 10.1111/j.1475-682x.1998.tb00480.x VL - 68 IS - 4 SP - 458-475 J2 - Sociological Inquiry LA - en OP - SN - 0038-0245 1475-682X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682x.1998.tb00480.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Os intermetatarseum: A heritable accessory bone of the human foot AU - Case, D. T. AU - Ossenberg, N. S. AU - Burnett, S. E. T2 - American Journal of Physical Anthropology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199810)107:2<199::aid-ajpa6>3.3.co;2-e VL - 107 IS - 2 SP - 199-210 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Food industry innovation: efficient consumer response AU - Hoban, T. J. T2 - Agribusiness AB - The food manufacturing and distribution industry is undergoing a series of rapid changes. This article examines an important innovation within the industry known as efficient consumer response (ECR). The conceptual model employed has been used for over 50 years to analyze the adoption and diffusion of innovations. The findings are based on 40 in-depth interviews conducted with top industry leaders representing manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. General awareness of and interest in ECR was quite high among industry leaders. However, many respondents perceived ECR to be a very complex system that would have a wide range of impacts. Different industry segments expressed varying perceptions about ECR. The article concludes with recommendations for improving the management of change and successful implementation of innovations within the food industry. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1002/(sici)1520-6297(199805/06)14:3<235::aid-agr6>3.0.co;2-1 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 235-245 ER - TY - JOUR TI - UNC 'savings' that cost plenty AU - Schwalbe, M. L. T2 - News and Observer [Raleigh, N.C.] DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - 1998 Feb. 17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The social consequences of heart failure: A chronic, invisible illness AU - Treiber, L. A. T2 - Social Problems (Society for the Study of Social Problems) DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 45 IS - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Summer ethnographic field school in Costa Rica AU - Wallace, J. M. T2 - Anthropology Newsletter DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Re-emerging through technology: One man's struggle to regain social status and self-esteem after a debilitating accident - Joe: A case study AU - Kelley, L. L. T2 - Social Problems (Society for the Study of Social Problems) DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR TI - New views of Southern unionization: Reviews (Like Night and Day by Daniel J. Clark; What Do We Need a Union For? By Timothy J. Minchin) AU - Leiter, J. T2 - Contemporary Sociology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.2307/2654804 VL - 27 IS - 1998 SP - 182-183 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Don't limit students' horizons AU - Wallace, J. M. T2 - News and Observer [Raleigh, N.C.] DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - 1998 Feb. 6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Doing it fairly: Understanding feminist marriage AU - Risman, B. J. AU - Johnson-Sumerford, D. T2 - Journal of Marriage and the Family DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 23-40 ER - TY - CONF TI - Does housework cause divorce? Effects of the division of household labor and gender ideology on marital stability AU - Greenstein, T. N. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, CA DA - 1998/// VL - 29 M1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A window on the discipline AU - Risman, B. J. AU - Tomaskovic-Devey, D. T. T2 - Contemporary Sociology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 1-2 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Preface AU - Schiller, A. L. T2 - Traditional medicine among the Ngaju Dayak in central Kalimantan: The 1935 writings of a former Ngaju Dayak priest (Borneo Research Council monograph series ; v. 3). PY - 1998/// SP - vii- PB - Phillips, ME, USA: Borneo Research Council ER - TY - BOOK TI - Feminist foundations: Toward transforming sociology AU - Myers, K. A. AU - Anderson, C. D. AU - Risman, B. J. CN - HQ1190 .F457 1998 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications SN - 0761907858 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Probability proportional to size sampling AU - Czaja, R. F. T2 - Encyclopedia of biostatistics: Vol. 5. A2 - P. Armitage, A2 - Colton, T. CN - RA409 .E53 1998 PY - 1998/// VL - 5 SP - 3945-3951 PB - New York: J. Wiley ER - TY - CHAP TI - Mythopoetic men: What they say about women and feminism AU - Schwalbe, M. L. T2 - Issues in feminism: An introduction to women's studies PY - 1998/// SP - 75-81 PB - Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield Pub. Co. ER - TY - BOOK TI - The sociologically examined life: Pieces of the conversation AU - Schwalbe, M. L. CN - HM24 .S3757 1998 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield Pub. SN - 155934931X ER - TY - BOOK TI - Gender vertigo: American families in transition AU - Risman, B. J. CN - HQ535 .R57 1998 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press SN - 0300072155 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Taking the wrong drugs: the role of substance abuse and medication noncompliance in violence among severely mentally ill individuals AU - Swartz, MS AU - Swanson, JW AU - Hiday, VA AU - Borum, R AU - Wagner, R AU - Burns, BJ T2 - SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY DA - 1998/12// PY - 1998/12// DO - 10.1007/s001270050213 VL - 33 SP - S75-S80 SN - 0933-7954 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Questionnaire pretesting comes of age AU - Czaja, R. T2 - Marketing Bulletin DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 9 IS - 1998 May SP - 52-66 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Psychiatric impairment, social contact, and violent behavior: evidence from a study of outpatient-committed persons with severe mental disorder AU - Swanson, J AU - Swartz, M AU - Estroff, S AU - Borum, R AU - Wagner, R AU - Hiday, V T2 - SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY DA - 1998/12// PY - 1998/12// DO - 10.1007/s001270050215 VL - 33 SP - S86-S94 SN - 0933-7954 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prescribe for health - Improving cancer screening in physician practices sewing low-income and minority populations AU - Manfredi, C AU - Czaja, R AU - Freels, S AU - Trubitt, M AU - Warnecke, R AU - Lacey, L T2 - ARCHIVES OF FAMILY MEDICINE AB - To evaluate a health maintenance organization (HMO)-sponsored intervention to improve cancer screening in private physician practices serving low-income, minority populations.A randomized controlled trial with preintervention and postintervention measurements. Measurements were obtained by abstracting information from independent random samples of medical charts (N = 2316 at preintervention and 2238 at postintervention).Forty-seven primary care physician practices located in low-income and minority urban neighborhoods in Chicago, Ill.Practices were encouraged to adopt an office chart reminder system and to use a patient health maintenance card. Activities to facilitate the adoption of these items and for compliance with cancer screening guidelines included on-site training and start-up assistance visits, a physician continuing medical education seminar, and quality assurance visits with feedback to physicians.The proportions of patients with a chart-documented mammogram, clinical breast examination, Papanicolaou smear, or fecal occult blood slide test in the 2 years before preintervention and postintervention chart abstractions.Between baseline and postintervention, there was a net increase in the proportion of HMO members in the intervention, compared with the control practices, who received in the preceding 2 years a Papanicolaou smear (11.9%) and a fecal occult blood slide test (14.1%). There was a net increase in the proportion of non-HMO patients in the intervention compared with the control practices who received a clinical breast examination (15.3%) and a fecal occult blood slide test (20.2%).Implementation of an HMO-mediated, multicomponent intervention to improve cancer screening was feasible and effective for the Papanicolaou smear, fecal occult blood slide test, and the clinical breast examination, but not for mammography. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1001/archfami.7.4.329 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 329-337 SN - 1063-3987 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Male-female differences in the setting and construction of violence among people with severe mental illness AU - Hiday, VA AU - Swartz, MS AU - Swanson, JW AU - Borum, R AU - Wagner, HR T2 - SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY DA - 1998/12// PY - 1998/12// DO - 10.1007/s001270050212 VL - 33 SP - S68-S74 SN - 1433-9285 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving the success of new product development AU - Hoban, T. J. T2 - Food Technology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 52 IS - 1 SP - 46-49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The handbook of social psychology, 4th edition, vols. 1-2 AU - Spann, G. T2 - Contemporary Sociology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 607 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social perspectives on emotion, vol. 4 AU - Holden, D. T2 - Contemporary Sociology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 605-606 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Random acts of kindness: A teaching tool for positive deviance AU - Jones, A. L. T2 - Teaching Sociology AB - Instilling in students a sociological imagination while introducing them to the study of deviant behaviors, which many of them have never encountered, is a difficult task. Students inevitably seem to get caught up in the weirdness of certain deviant subcultures with which they are unfamiliar. In addition, they arrive with established notions of deviance, which the popular media and political rhetoric create and maintain. Our challenge in teaching the sociology of deviant behavior is to help students understand why there are behaviors considered deviant, and why it is important to understand these behaviors from a sociological point of view. In other words, one goal of the Sociology of Deviant Behavior course is to banish ethnocentric points of view regarding deviant categories of individuals and groups through the development of a clearer understanding of how deviance is created and defined. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.2307/1318831 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 179-189 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How many latent classes of delinquent/criminal careers? Results from mixed Poisson regression analyses AU - AV D'Unger, AU - Land, KC AU - McCall, PL AU - Nagin, DS T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY AB - This article reviews questions about different categories of criminal careers, summarizes Poisson latent class regression models, describes procedures for evaluating the optimal number of latent classes, and applies this methodology to data from male cohorts taken from the cities of London, Philadelphia, and Racine. Four latent classes of offending careers is an appropriate number for the London cohort, but five classes can be justified for the Philadelphia data. In the case of the Racine cohorts, five classes may be detected for the 1942 and 1955 cohorts but only four for the 1949 cohort. Despite the varying numbers of latent offending classes, there clearly is a small number of typical age patterns. DA - 1998/5// PY - 1998/5// DO - 10.1086/231402 VL - 103 IS - 6 SP - 1593-1630 SN - 0002-9602 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Health education for a breast and cervical cancer screening program: using the ecological model to assess local initiatives AU - Holden, DJ AU - Moore, KS AU - Holliday, JL T2 - HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH AB - This study investigates the development and implementation of health education strategies at the local level for a statewide breast and cervical cancer control program. Baseline data on these initiatives were collected from 88 local screening programs in North Carolina. Using the ecological model as a framework, health education initiatives were assessed and analyzed to determine the level of activity occurring at the local level and the comprehensiveness of programs. Types and levels of interventions used are described and initial analysis is provided of the impact these strategies are having on recruiting women from target populations into these screening programs. Specific examples illustrating the variety of interventions used at the individual, network, organizational and community levels, and the impact of certain variables, such as the use of local health education staff, on the comprehensiveness of interventions utilized, are provided. The importance to practitioners of establishing process indicators in assessing local initiatives and challenges to conducting evaluations of these strategies are also discussed. DA - 1998/6// PY - 1998/6// DO - 10.1093/her/13.2.293 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 293-299 SN - 0268-1153 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What do we need a union for? The TWUA in the south, 1945-1955, by T. J. Minchin AU - Leiter, J. T2 - Contemporary Sociology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 182-183 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The continuing significance of race revisited: A study of race, class, and quality of life in America, 1972 to 1996 AU - Hughes, M AU - Thomas, ME T2 - AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW AB - More than a decade ago, we (Thomas and Hughes 1986) demonstrated that the subjective well-being of African Americans in the United States was significantly and consistently lower than that for whites over the 14-year period from 1972 to 1985. Since then, evidence has accumulated on several important dimensions of well-being that African Americans fare as well as or better than whites, suggesting a change in the pattern observed for nearly 40 years. Using data from the General Social Survey (GSS) for the period 1972 to 1996, we show that quality of life continues to be worse for African Americans than it is for whites, although anomia and mistrust have increased a little more rapidly in recent years for whites than for blacks. Racial disparities in quality of life do not vary by and are not explained by socioeconomic status. Although racial inequality appears to be the primary cause of these differences, the exact processes producing them are as yet unknown. DA - 1998/12// PY - 1998/12// DO - 10.2307/2657501 VL - 63 IS - 6 SP - 785-795 SN - 1939-8271 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dirty business: Exploring corporate misconduct, analysis, and cases, by M. Punch AU - Zimmer, C. T2 - Social Forces DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 76 IS - 4 SP - 1566-1567 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Management of pain in terminally ill patients: Physician reports of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior AU - Levin, ML AU - Berry, JI AU - Leiter, J T2 - JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT AB - Physician knowledge, attitudes, and reported prescribing behaviors toward pain management in terminally ill patients was surveyed among primary care physicians (PCPs) and oncologists in a southern urban county. Response rates were 64% for PCPs and 100% for oncologists. The effects of knowledge and attitudes on reported behavior were analyzed after accounting for physician demographics, training, and experiences. Oncologists' knowledge and attitudes were close to ideal and behaviors less so. PCPs' knowledge was worse than oncologists, and attitudes and behaviors were even less optimal. Reported behaviors among PCPs correlated somewhat with attitudes, less with background factors, and rarely with knowledge. In multivariate analysis, demographic and experimental factors explained more of selected behaviors than attitudes or knowledge. However, all variables combined left the majority of variation in behaviors unexplained. Physician continuing education will not effect significant behavioral changes in the care of terminally ill patients solely by the traditional approach of attempting to modify knowledge and attitudes. DA - 1998/1// PY - 1998/1// DO - 10.1016/S0885-3924(97)00258-3 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 27-40 SN - 1873-6513 KW - terminal care KW - palliative care trends KW - medical education KW - knowledge, attitudes, practice KW - attitudes of health personnel ER - TY - JOUR TI - Kids' stuff: Toys and the changing world of American childhood, by G. Cross AU - Tomaskovic-Devey, B. T2 - Contemporary Sociology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 277-278 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The consequences of error: Recidivism prediction and civil-libertarian ratios AU - Smith, WR AU - Smith, DR T2 - JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AB - The utility of recidivistic prediction is limited by the false positive problem: predictions of failure (recidivism) that do not occur. False negatives (predicted successes but observed failures) are also worrisome, and together both types of error can be formally evaluated by what Blumstein, Farrington, and Moitra call the civil-libertarian ratio: the ratio of the subjective cost of a false positive to a false negative. Choice of a recidivistic criterion and selection of a proportion of offenders for criminal justice intervention have implications for the evaluation of the disutility or subjective cost associated with various civil-libertarian ratios. Logistic regression models of four recidivistic criteria are evaluated to demonstrate how base rate (observed failure rate) and selection ratio (proportion selected to fail) affect the disutility associated with a range of civil-libertarian ratios. Use of civil-libertarian ratios by criminal justice policy makers is demonstrated. Predictive utility is relatively difficult to achieve for rare recidivistic events if the decisions involve severe deprivation of liberty (incarceration decisions). Predictive utility is easier to achieve for more common forms of recidivism or in decision contexts where there is less concern for false positives, such as for “intermediate sanctions.” DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/S0047-2352(98)00026-9 VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - 481-502 SN - 0047-2352 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fruit and vegetable consumption of rural African Americans: Baseline survey results of the black churches united for better health 5 a day project AU - McClelland, JW AU - Demark-Wahnefried, W AU - Mustian, RD AU - Cowan, AT AU - Campbell, MK T2 - NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AB - Abstract Abstract The objective of this study was to determine baseline fruit and vegetable consumption (total and specific) among rural African Americans participating in a 5 A Day intervention study and factors associated with this dietary intake. A telephone survey was administered to 3,737 adult members of 50 black churches from 10 rural counties in North Carolina. The survey measured demographic characteristics, knowledge and beliefs regarding cancer and nutrition, and food‐frequency data related specifically to fruit and vegetable consumption. Associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and income, education, age, gender, marital status, the presence of children within the household, and awareness of the 5 A Day program were explored using descriptive and regression analyses. Food‐frequency data showed a mean intake of 3.7 ± 2.4 daily servings of fruits and vegetables within this population of rural African Americans. Twenty‐three percent of the participants reported eating five or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables. Significant associations were found betweenfruit and vegetable intake and both age and gender (p < 0.001), with older females consuming the most and younger males consuming the least fruits and vegetables. Findings from this rural African American population parallel national studies showing that US intake of fruits and vegetables falls short of the 5 A Day guidelines. Female gender and advancing age were positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake. Study results reinforce the need to promote the 5 A Day message. Such messages may prove most beneficial if targeted toward younger adult males, whose fruit and vegetable intakes are especially low. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1080/01635589809514655 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 148-157 SN - 1532-7914 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Race, class, and family structure: Differences in housing values for black and white homeowners AU - Horton, H. D. AU - Thomas, M. E. T2 - Sociological Inquiry AB - Several scholars have argued that the continuing disadvantage of Blacks vis‐à‐vis Whites has more to do with social class factors than with race. Other scholars have suggested that differences in family structure account for Black disadvantage. This study addresses these issues in terms of housing values by analyzing (1) the effects of race on housing values net of socioeconomic status and other relevant demographic variables, (2) the interaction of race with socioeconomic status in determining housing values, (3) the interaction of race with household structure in determining housing values and, (4) changes in the relative impact of race on housing values from 1970 to 1990. The findings indicate that Blacks own homes of lower value regardless of their socioeconomic status or household structure. Additionally, the negative effect of race was greater for Blacks of higher status. However, there was a stronger negative association between race and housings values in 1970 than in 1980 or 1990, providing some evidence for a narrowing of the Black‐White gap in housing values. Implications of the findings are discussed. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1111/j.1475-682x.1998.tb00456.x VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 114-136 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving safety for teens working in the retail trade sector: Opportunities and obstacles AU - Zakocs, RC AU - Runyan, CW AU - Schulman, MD AU - Dunn, KA AU - Evensen, CT T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE AB - Background Using both quantitative and qualitative data, this study examined teen workers' perceptions about their work environments and the ways in which teens believe workplaces can be made safer. Methods We conducted telephone interviews (n = 117) and six focus groups (n = 49) with two separate samples of North Carolina teens who worked in the retail trade sector. Results Survey findings indicate one-fifth of teens used equipment they thought dangerous; nearly 40% always or often felt rushed at work; and about half received training on how to avoid injury. Teens in the focus groups expressed concerns about workplace physical hazards, the threat of assault, being rushed, and having little power in the work environment. They also indicated that their workplace safety training was ineffective and that child labor laws were unnecessary. Conclusions In order to be effective, interventions targeted at working teens need to address the organization of work and adolescent–manager interaction patterns. Am. J. Ind. Med. 34:342–350, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. DA - 1998/10// PY - 1998/10// DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199810)34:4<342::AID-AJIM7>3.0.CO;2-U VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 342-350 SN - 0271-3586 KW - adolescents KW - occupational health and safety KW - intervention research KW - qualitative methods ER - TY - JOUR TI - Doing it fairly: A study of postgender marriages AU - Risman, BJ AU - Johnson-Sumerford, D T2 - JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY AB - Little is known about married couples who share the responsibilities of paid and family work without regard for prescriptions. Fifteen married couples who divide household work and child care equitably and without regard to are interviewed to determine how they arrived at this arrangement and what consequences such a distribution of household labor has on their relationship. Findings suggest that there are four paths to an equitable division of household labor: a dual-career household, a dual-nurturer relationship, a posttraditional relationship, and external forces. An egalitarian arrangement appears to affect both the power and emotional quality of couples' relationships. The concept of itself, with its impliedhierarchy in values, symbols, beliefs and statuses, is cornerstone of the edifice of inequality. Komter, 1989, pp. 213-214 Key Words: division of labor, gender, marriage. In this article, we explore how both behaviors and meanings in heterosexual marriages change when the spouses reject as a basis for organizing marital roles or responsibilities. We work from a feminist theory that defines as a system of stratification based on categorization that is created and recreated daily (Bem, 1993; Ferree, 1990; Ferree & Hess, 1987; Lorber, 1994; Risman & Schwartz, 1989; West & Zimmerman, 1987). Historically, the family is a factory, where the polarization of masculine and feminine is created and displayed (Berk, 1985). Perhaps the best explanation for why women do an inequitable share of household labor is because we have defined such work as part of a woman and doing gender appropriately (West & Zimmerman, 1987). Although is theorized within feminist scholarship as being forged at all levels of social life (Lorber, 1994), it is perhaps most evident in the family and other intimate relationships where is still seen even ideologically as a reasonable and legitimate basis for the distribution of rights, power, privilege, and responsibilities. (See review by Thompson & Walker, 1995; and Komter, 1989.) For example, in families in which there is an inequitable division of family work, wives and husbands often compare their household workloads with those of other wives and husbands, rather than with each other, because gender, rather than partner, is considered the appropriate referent (Thompson, 1991). Much recent research on contemporary families focuses on the division of household labor and child care in American homes. Studies investigating the division of paid work and family work in most families suggest that the of women entering the paid work force in the past decades has not resulted in a consequent shift in the practices of men at home, a fact that Hochschild has termed the stalled revolution (Hochschild, 1989). In the majority of American homes, even when wives spend as many hours in the paid labor force as their husbands, they retain primary responsibility for homemaking and childrearing (Berardo, Shehan, & Leslie, 1987; Berk, 1985; Ferree, 1991; Hiller & Philliber, 1986). The power of in shaping the household division of labor is apparent in these typical families. Gender theorists, particularly Connell (1987) and Lorber (1994), suggest that, although structural conditions systematically support male privilege, human beings not only follow social dictates, but create them. The paradox of gender, according to Lorber, is that in order for feminists to eradicate gender, we must first recognize and highlight its ubiquitousness in all social institutions. One project for feminist social scientists is to locate and make visible the power of in families and occasionally to highlight when that power begins to diminish, to show that is a social institution, and, therefore, social change is possible. The research presented here is a study of heterosexual married couples who have moved beyond hegemonic conceptions of as they organize their daily family life. … DA - 1998/2// PY - 1998/2// DO - 10.2307/353439 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 23-40 SN - 0022-2445 KW - division of labor KW - gender KW - marriage ER - TY - JOUR TI - Teens at work: A statewide study of jobs, hazards, and injuries AU - Dunn, KA AU - Runyan, CW AU - Cohen, LR AU - Schulman, MD T2 - JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH AB - Occupational injury is an ongoing and serious threat to American youth. However, little is known about the environments in which youth work or the hazards to which they are exposed. The purpose of this study was to document the patterns of work, exposures to hazardous equipment and situations, and work-related injury experiences of adolescents.We identified a statewide targeted sample of North Carolina households with teens age 14-17 years and interviewed those who had ever worked for pay or worked on a farm.Five hundred sixty-two teens from 700 eligible households reported that they had worked non-farm jobs for pay. One-third were paid for work before age 14 years; two-thirds had held more than one paid job. Place of employment was most often someone's home, a retail store, or a restaurant. Common jobs were lawn care worker, cashier, and dishwasher. Common hazards to which teens were exposed included ladders or scaffolding; forklifts, tractors or riding mowers; and working around loud noises. Over half were injured at least once while working a paid job, most often from being cut or burned.Work among youth is common. Teens hold a variety of jobs, mostly in the retail trade and the service sector, exposing them to hazardous equipment and situations. Injuries at work are frequent and some are serious. This study supports the need to include an occupational history and work-related safety counseling in clinical encounters with adolescents. DA - 1998/1// PY - 1998/1// DO - 10.1016/s1054-139x(97)00071-2 VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 19-25 SN - 1054-139X KW - accidents, occupational KW - adolescence KW - occupations KW - employment KW - wounds and injuries ER - TY - JOUR TI - Violence and severe mental illness: The effects of substance abuse and nonadherence to medication AU - Swartz, M. S. AU - Swanson, J. W. AU - Hiday, V. A. AU - Borum, R. AU - Wagner, H. R. AU - Burns, B. J. T2 - American Journal of Psychiatry DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 155 IS - 2 SP - 226-231 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The hospital as a social system: Through the classic theorist lens AU - Treiber, L. A. T2 - American Sociologist (Albany, N.Y.) DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 29 IS - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organizational resources and earnings: The nonspurious results of loose coupling AU - Tomaskovic-Devey, D. T2 - American Sociologist (Albany, N.Y.) DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 29 IS - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Degendered jobs? Organizational processes and gender segregated employment AU - Tomaskovic-Devey, D. AU - Skaggs, S. T2 - American Sociologist (Albany, N.Y.) DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 29 IS - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What are you going to do for us? AU - McMillan, M. T2 - Humanity & Society DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 422-428 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Children's knowledge about medicines AU - Almarsdottir, AB AU - Zimmer, C T2 - CHILDHOOD-A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF CHILD RESEARCH AB - A model explaining children's knowledge about medicines and the perceived benefit of medicines was constructed and estimated. The children's health belief model, cognitive development and social cognitive development theories, combined with previous multimethod study results form the basis of the path analytic model analyzed. Children, aged 7 and 10 years, and their primary caregivers were interviewed during 1992 and 1993. Recruiting was done at summer camps in Chapel Hill, North Carolina and environs, resulting in a convenience sample of 101 children, all white and middle class. Oridnary least squares regression was carried out in steps for the two model equations. Knowledge of medicines was most adequately explained, having age, educational environment and the degree of internal locus of control as significant positive predictors. The only significant predictor of the perceived benefit of medicines was the negative effect of the internal locus of control, supporting results from former studies. Children's retention of drug advertising had no significant effects in the model. The results from this moderately sized study suggest promising directions for further development of explanations of why children believe in the benefit of medicines. DA - 1998/8// PY - 1998/8// DO - 10.1177/0907568298005003003 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 265-281 SN - 0907-5682 KW - child KW - development KW - health behavior KW - health belief model KW - social cognitive theory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Applied sociology? Even musicians give concerts AU - Wimberley, R. C. T2 - American Sociologist (Albany, N.Y.) DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 5-19 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The state of America's children: A report from the children's defense fund. AU - Sherwood, J. H. T2 - Contemporary Sociology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 573 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The International Handbook of Environmental Sociology AU - Woodrum, E T2 - CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF REVIEWS DA - 1998/11// PY - 1998/11// DO - 10.2307/2654270 VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 626-627 SN - 0094-3061 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structure, context, and agency in the reproduction of black-on-black violence AU - Bruce, M. A. AU - Roscigno, V. J. AU - McCall, P. L. T2 - Theoretical Criminology AB - Violence has a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality within the African-American community. While certainly providing insight into macro- and micro-level forces, existing conceptualizations of the race and violence linkage are limited. We discuss these limitations and then offer a more comprehensive and integrated theoretical framework for understanding disparate patterns. Rather than reducing race-specific violence outcomes to social-psychological or deterministic structural factors, the theoretical model we construct suggests that violence among African Americans (and other subordinated racial/ethnic groups for that matter) is best conceived of as a dynamic and emergent phenomenon, patterned by the intersection of social structure, local context, and agency. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1177/1362480698002001002 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 29-55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sex and gender differences in personal relationships. AU - Sherwood, J. H. T2 - Journal of Marriage and the Family DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 60 IS - 4 SP - 1037-1038 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preface AU - Risman, B. J. AU - Tomaskovic-Devey, D. T. T2 - Contemporary Sociology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 1-2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Like night and day: Unionization in a southern mill town, by D. J. Clark AU - Leiter, J. T2 - Contemporary Sociology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 182-183 ER - TY - JOUR TI - For richer, for poorer: Mothers confront divorce, by D. Kurz AU - Joyner, J. D. T2 - Gender & Society DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 107-108 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Editors' Note AU - Risman, B. J. AU - Tomaskovic-Devey, D. T. T2 - Contemporary Sociology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - vii- ER - TY - JOUR TI - American consumer views on biotechnology AU - Hoban, T. J. AU - Katic, L. D. T2 - Cereal Foods World DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 20-22 ER -