TY - JOUR TI - Cement citizens: housing, demolition and political belonging in Luanda, Angola AU - Gastrow, C. T2 - Citizenship Studies AB - Slum demolition in the name of urban renewal is a common practice in contemporary African cities. Many organisations have tracked the rights violations that demolitions entail. What has been overlooked, however, is the political significance of slums, which this paper argues produce their own imaginations of ‘good urbanism’ becoming critical sites for the imagining of urban political belonging. Exploring the case of urban redevelopment and slum demolition in Luanda, Angola, this paper argues that in this megacity, quotidian notions of citizenship are mediated through the material and aesthetic worlds of slum housing construction, more specifically the cement-block house. It draws on theories that understand citizenship and belonging not simply as juridical categories but more substantively produced through shared imaginations and symbolic worlds. This paper shows that urban politics needs to be understood as mediated through deeply material struggles over emplacement and incorporation that hinge on competing normative visions of the urban. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/13621025.2017.1279795 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 224-239 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85011851562&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aesthetic Dissent: Urban Redevelopment and Political Belonging in Luanda, Angola AU - Gastrow, C. T2 - Antipode AB - Over the previous decade, African cities experienced a wave of frenzied construction driven by imaginations of world-city status. While these projects provoked new discussions about African urbanism, the literature on them has focused more on the paperwork of planning than actual urban experiences. This article addresses this lacuna by investigating residents' reactions to the post-conflict building boom in Luanda, Angola. I show that Luandans' held highly ambivalent orientations towards the emerging city. Their views were shaped by suspicions about pacts between Angolan elites and international capital that recapitulated longstanding tensions over national belonging. These concerns were voiced via discussions of the very aesthetics of the new city. Buildings became catalysts for expressions of dissent that put into question the very project of state-driven worlding. The paper therefore argues that the politics of aesthetics are central to grasping the contested understandings of urbanism currently emerging in various African cities. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1111/anti.12276 VL - 49 IS - 2 SP - 377-396 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84982193690&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - NEWS TI - Restricting What Recipients of SNAP Benefits Eat Won't Fix Nutritional Issues T2 - The Hill PY - 2017/2/17/ UR - https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/320009-restricting-what-recipients-of-snap-benefits-eat-wont-fix ER - TY - NEWS TI - Attending the Nobel Prize Ceremony After Trump Snubbed the Winners T2 - The New York Times PY - 2017/12/20/ UR - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/opinion/nobel-ceremony-trump-snub.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - Official Frames and the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921: The Struggle for Reparations AU - Messer, Chris M. AU - Shriver, Thomas E. AU - Beamon, Krystal K. T2 - Sociology of Race and Ethnicity AB - Movements that seek reparations against racial injustices must confront historic narratives of events and patterns of repression. These injustices are often legitimated through official narratives that discredit and vilify racial groups. This paper analyzes elite official frames in the case of the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, in which an economically thriving African American neighborhood was destroyed. Our research examines the official frames that were promulgated by white elites in defending the violent repression and analyzes the ongoing efforts by reparations proponents to seek redress. We delineate the discursive mechanisms used by proponents to challenge the dominant white narrative of the riot and to campaign for reparations. We conclude by discussing the implications of our research for future research on racial injustices and reparations movements. DA - 2017/12/4/ PY - 2017/12/4/ DO - 10.1177/2332649217742414 VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 386-399 J2 - Sociology of Race and Ethnicity LA - en OP - SN - 2332-6492 2332-6506 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649217742414 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Embodying Sex/Gender Systems in Bioarchaeological Research. AU - Wesp, Julie K. T2 - Exploring Sex and Gender in Bioarchaeology A2 - Agarwal, Sabrina C. A2 - Wesp, Julie K. PY - 2017/// SP - 99 – 126 PB - University of New Mexico Press UR - https://www.unmpress.com/9780826352583/exploring-sex-and-gender-in-bioarchaeology/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Illicit Fentanyl in Methadone Patients: Implications for Treatment, Overdose, and Surveillance AU - Stone, Andrew C. AU - Carroll, Jennifer J. AU - Green, Traci C. AU - Rich, Jody R. T2 - 48th Annual Conference of the American Society for Addiction Medicine C2 - 2017/4/6/ CY - New Orleans, LA DA - 2017/4/6/ PY - 2017/4/6/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Public Health in Wartime AU - Carroll, Jennifer DA - 2017/2/27/ PY - 2017/2/27/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Power Struggles: Addiction, War, and Other Conflicts in Ukraine AU - Carroll, Jennifer DA - 2017/2/27/ PY - 2017/2/27/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Drug Use and the Politics of Social Order in Wartime Ukraine AU - Carroll, Jennifer DA - 2017/4/6/ PY - 2017/4/6/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Image and Imitation: The Visual Rhetoric of Pro-Russian Propaganda AU - Carroll, J. T2 - Ideology and Politics Journal DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// VL - 2 IS - 8 SP - 36–79 UR - https://www.ideopol.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/________2.5.%20ENG.%20Carrol%20Prefinal.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl-contaminated heroin exposure among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically AU - Macmadu, Alexandria AU - Carroll, Jennifer J. AU - Hadland, Scott E. AU - Green, Traci C. AU - Marshall, Brandon D.L. T2 - Addictive Behaviors AB - The rate of overdose deaths caused by fentanyl-contaminated heroin (FCH) use is increasing rapidly in the United States. We examined risk factors for exposure to FCH and experiences with FCH use among young adult non-medical prescription opioids (NMPO) users. We analyzed data from the Rhode Island Young Adult Prescription Drug Study (RAPiDS), which enrolled young adults aged 18 to 29 reporting prior 30 day NMPO use between January 2015 and February 2016. Participants completed questionnaires ascertaining drug use patterns and risk behaviors, including FCH exposure. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with known or suspected FCH exposure. Of 199 participants, the median age was 25 (IQR: 22, 27), 130 (65.3%) were male, and 122 (61.3%) were of White, non-Hispanic race/ethnicity. In total, 22 (11%) reported known or suspected FCH exposure in the prior six months. Several drug use patterns and risk behaviors were associated with FCH exposure, including: regular heroin and cocaine use; diverted pharmaceutical fentanyl use in the prior six months; NMPO use to avoid withdrawal symptoms; longer duration of NMPO use; regular injection drug use; and prior overdose (all p < 0.001). Among participants who reported FCH exposure, 59% were unaware that their heroin was contaminated with fentanyl prior to last use, 59% reported that FCH provides a better high, and all recognized that fentanyl increases overdose risk. Exposure to fentanyl-contaminated heroin is an emerging trend among young adult NMPO users in Rhode Island. Overdose prevention programs addressing FCH use are urgently needed. DA - 2017/5// PY - 2017/5// DO - 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.014 VL - 68 SP - 35-38 J2 - Addictive Behaviors LA - en OP - SN - 0306-4603 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.014 DB - Crossref KW - Fentanyl KW - Heroin KW - Non-medical prescription opioid use KW - Young adults ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exposure to fentanyl-contaminated heroin and overdose risk among illicit opioid users in Rhode Island: A mixed methods study AU - Carroll, Jennifer J. AU - Marshall, Brandon D.L. AU - Rich, Josiah D. AU - Green, Traci C. T2 - International Journal of Drug Policy AB - Illicit fentanyl use has become wide spread in the US, causing high rates of overdose deaths among people who use drugs. This study describes patterns and perceptions of fentanyl exposure among opioid users in Rhode Island. A mixed methods study was conducted via questionnaire with a convenience sample of 149 individuals using illicit opioids or misusing prescription opioids in Rhode Island between January and November 2016. Of these, 121 knew of fentanyl and reported known or suspected exposure to fentanyl in the past year. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the first 47 participants. Study participants were predominantly male (64%) and white (61%). Demographic variables were similar across sample strata. Heroin was the most frequently reported drug of choice (72%). Self-reported exposure to illicit fentanyl in the past year was common (50.4%, n = 61). In multivariate models, regular (at least weekly) heroin use was independently associated with known or suspected fentanyl exposure in the past year (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) = 4.07, 95% CI: 1.24–13.3, p = 0.020). In interviews, users described fentanyl as unpleasant, potentially deadly, and to be avoided. Participants reporting fentanyl exposure routinely experienced or encountered non-fatal overdose. Heroin users reported limited ability to identify fentanyl in their drugs. Harm reduction strategies used to protect themselves from fentanyl exposure and overdose, included test hits, seeking prescription opioids in lieu of heroin, and seeking treatment with combination buprenorphine/naloxone. Participants were often unsuccessful in accessing structured treatment programs. Among illicit opioid users in Rhode Island, known or suspected fentanyl exposure is common, yet demand for fentanyl is low. Fentanyl-contaminated drugs are generating user interest in effective risk mitigation strategies, including treatment. Responses to the fentanyl epidemic should be informed by the perceptions and experiences of local users. The rapid scale-up of buprenorphine/naloxone provision may slow the rate of fentanyl-involved overdose deaths. DA - 2017/8// PY - 2017/8// DO - 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.023 VL - 46 SP - 136-145 J2 - International Journal of Drug Policy LA - en OP - SN - 0955-3959 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.023 DB - Crossref KW - Fentanyl KW - Medication assisted treatment KW - Medications for addiction treatment KW - Overdose KW - Heroin KW - Drug use KW - Qualitative methods ER - TY - BOOK TI - Exploring Sex and Gender in Bioarchaeology DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// UR - https://unmpress.com/books/exploring-sex-and-gender-bioarchaeology/9780826352583 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Caring for Bodies or Simply Saving Souls: The Emergence of Institutional Care in Spanish Colonial America T2 - New Developments in the Bioarchaeology of Care PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-39901-0_13 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39901-0_13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Black and Latino Urban Food Desert Residents’ Perceptions of Their Food Environment and Factors That Influence Food Shopping Decisions AU - MacNell, Lillian AU - Elliott, Sinikka AU - Hardison-Moody, Annie AU - Bowen, Sarah T2 - Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition AB - There is a lack of consensus on how we should measure and identify food deserts. Recently, some scholars have called for studies that incorporate the lived experiences of food desert residents themselves into the discussion. We interviewed 42 black and Latino low-income female caregivers of young children living in an urban area classified as a food desert about how they shop for food. The women we spoke with talked about their motivations for choosing stores, as well as their experiences dealing with poor food access and an unequal distribution of food stores. We found that women cited price as the strongest motivator for choosing a store but found that a lack of transportation and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation also had significant effects on shopping behaviors. This study underscores the importance of qualitative, participatory approaches to food environment research. DA - 2017/3/13/ PY - 2017/3/13/ DO - 10.1080/19320248.2017.1284025 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 375-393 J2 - Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition LA - en OP - SN - 1932-0248 1932-0256 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19320248.2017.1284025 DB - Crossref KW - Food access KW - food deserts KW - built environment KW - SNAP participation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Human identification and global patterns of craniofacial variation AU - Ross, Ann H. T2 - La Revue de Médecine Légale AB - Research into the genetic admixture proportions from different geographic areas in the United States through autosomal markers demonstrates a complex process with differences in the extent of European contributions to Southern and non-southern African-Americans. There is a global mass migration crisis of people escaping war, starvation, and displacement. These demographic shifts and migration have further increased human identification of undocumented border crossers. What contribution can craniofacial measures make to this global problem? Data for seven West African samples were collected as part of the 3D-ID, Geometric Morphometric Classification of Crania for Forensic Scientists software. Six of the West-African samples were collected from the American Museum of Natural History in NYC and the Angolan sample was collected from the Bocage Museum in Lisbon. Samples from Diaspora populations including modern African Americans, and African Slaves from Cuba are also analyzed and compared. DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017/12// DO - 10.1016/J.MEDLEG.2017.10.002 VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 180 J2 - La Revue de Médecine Légale LA - fr OP - SN - 1878-6529 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.MEDLEG.2017.10.002 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Catalog entries (some co-authored) for: Mortar and Pestle, Jemdet Nasr Pottery, The Chicago Stone, Silver Coil Money, Statue of a Temple Donor, Gilgamesh Tablets, Agrab Cup, Wall Plaque, Ur-Namma Foundation Assemblage Four-Faced God and Goddess, Harpist Plaque, Incantation Bowl, Parthian Coin, Token Ball, Babylon Gate Lion, Tribute Barer with Horses, and Lamassu AU - Grossman, K. T2 - Highlights of the Collections of the Oriental Institute Museum A2 - Evans, J A2 - Teeter, E. A2 - Green, J. PY - 2017/// PB - The Oriental Institute Museum, The Oriental Institute of The University of Chicago SN - 9781614910053 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A reflection on the maintenance of identified skeletal collections state of preservation AU - Ferreira, Maria Teresa AU - Ross, Ann Helen AU - Cunha, Eugénia T2 - La Revue de Médecine Légale AB - The importance of the identified skeletal collections for research and teaching in anthropology is well-known and widely reported. In fact, in recent years, there has been a growing number of new collections around the world, such as the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection curated in Coimbra, Portugal, the University of Athens Human Skeletal Reference Collection (Greece), Milano Skeletal Collection (Italy), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Collection of Identified Human Skeletons (Spain), Granada Osteological Collection (Spain), and the Human Skeletal Reference Collection of Modern and Identified Filipinos (Philippines) to name a few. However, little if any publications have been published about the impact these collections and their state of preservation in the realms of research and teaching. Through the comparative analysis of the general preservation index carried out in a sample of the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection (CEI/XXI) in 2009 and in 2017, the question of the preservation is addressed. In 2009, Ferreira (2012) examined the preservation of 29 bone/anatomical regions of 70 adult skeletons. In February 2017, the same procedure was made. During this seven years’ period, these skeletons have been used in post-graduation classes, and for various research projects including thermal modification. A Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to examine changes in preservation and show that 55.2% of the cases showed significant changes in preservation (K < 0.40) and in 44.8% of the skeletons showed moderate changes (0.40 > K < 0.60). In most cases, the current degradation of the skeletons is due to the continuous handling for research and teaching. What precautions should be taken in the future to slow down the skeletal degradation? Should the access to these collections be restricted? Nevertheless, the aim and value of these collections is precisely to provide material available for research and training of future anthropologists. DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017/12// DO - 10.1016/J.MEDLEG.2017.10.017 VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 186 J2 - La Revue de Médecine Légale LA - en OP - SN - 1878-6529 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.MEDLEG.2017.10.017 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Osteometric sex estimation from the os coxa in a Thai population AU - Mahakkanukrauh, Pasuk AU - Ruengdit, Sittiporn AU - Tun, Saw Myint AU - Case, D. Troy AU - Sinthubua, Apichat T2 - Forensic Science International AB - The coxal bone shows a very high degree of sexual dimorphism both morphologically and metrically. However, despite a number of recent studies on sex estimation from the skeleton in Thailand, no osteometric methods of sexing the Thai os coxa have been proposed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a standard sex estimation method for a Thai population by examining the efficacy of six coxal bone measurements and eight indices obtained from 200 Thai skeletons. Independent samples t-tests revealed statistically significant differences between males and females for all but one of the measurements. The equation with the highest correct allocation accuracy was based on four measurements (pubis length, ischium length, total height and acetabulum diameter) and had a predicted and cross-validated accuracy of 96.9% and a tested accuracy of 97.5% on a holdout sample of 40 individuals. The single variable equation with the highest correct allocation accuracy of 94.4% and a tested accuracy of 97.5% was for the ischiopubic index, which is calculated from ischium length and pubis length. Percentage accuracies in predicting sex from these equations were higher than many previous studies, suggesting high levels of sexual dimorphism in the Thai os coxa. DA - 2017/2// PY - 2017/2// DO - 10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2016.11.043 VL - 271 SP - 127.e1-127.e7 J2 - Forensic Science International LA - en OP - SN - 0379-0738 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.FORSCIINT.2016.11.043 DB - Crossref KW - Sex determination KW - Pelvis KW - Metric KW - Thailand KW - Discriminant analysis KW - Forensic anthropology population data ER - TY - JOUR TI - Racial Disparities in Context: Student-, School-, and County-Level Effects on the Likelihood of Obesity among Elementary School Students AU - Piontak, Joy Rayanne AU - Schulman, Michael D. T2 - Sociology of Race and Ethnicity AB - Childhood obesity rates in the United States have risen since the 1980s and are especially high among racial minorities. Researchers document differentials in obesity rates by race, socioeconomic status, school characteristics, and place. In this study, the authors examine the impact of race on the likelihood of obesity at the student, school, and county levels and the interactions between student race and school racial composition. The data are from 74,661 third to fifth grade students in 317 schools in 38 North Carolina counties. Multilevel logistic regression models showed that racial differences in the likelihood of obesity persisted even when racial composition and socioeconomic disadvantage at the school level were controlled. The differences between white and nonwhite students slightly decreased once school-level measures were added. The magnitude of the effects of student-level race on the relative odds of obesity varied according to the racial composition of the school. These student- and school-level results held even when county-level race and socioeconomic variables were controlled. The results show that contextual factors at the school and county levels are important social determinants of racial disparities in the likelihood of childhood obesity. DA - 2017/8/11/ PY - 2017/8/11/ DO - 10.1177/2332649217722026 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 245-260 J2 - Sociology of Race and Ethnicity LA - en OP - SN - 2332-6492 2332-6506 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649217722026 DB - Crossref KW - racial segregation KW - public health KW - health disparities KW - children ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pigs and the pastoral bias: The other animal economy in northern Mesopotamia (3000–2000 BCE) T2 - Journal of Anthropological Archaeology AB - Discussion of the animal economy in Mesopotamia has been subject to a persistent, pastoral bias. Most general treatments assume that the Early Bronze Age (ca. 3000–2000 BCE) animal economy was dominated by the herding of sheep and goats. An examination of the abundant written evidence would support such a contention. Zooarchaeological evidence from northern Mesopotamia, however, clearly demonstrates that pigs played a major role in the diet, despite their virtual absence in the written record. In this paper, we attempt to lay bare and correct for the pastoral bias by reviewing the relatively meager written evidence for pig husbandry and by examining the zooarchaeological evidence for pigs from two angles. First, we use relative abundance data from sites across northern Mesopotamia to demonstrate the ubiquity of pigs and to identify regional- and site-level patterning in pig consumption. Second, we use a series of proxy techniques to reconstruct pig husbandry practices at three sites: Tell ‘Atij, Tell al-Raqa’i, and Tell Leilan. Ultimately, we argue that this “other” animal economy emerged to fill a niche opened up by the twin processes of urbanization and institutional expansion. For households struggling to deal with the impacts of these wide-ranging transformations, pigs offered an alternative means of subsistence and perhaps a way of maintaining some degree of autonomy. DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017/12// DO - 10.1016/j.jaa.2017.06.001 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2017.06.001 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Water insecurity in a syndemic context: Understanding the psycho-emotional stress of water insecurity in Lesotho, Africa AU - Workman, C.L. AU - Ureksoy, H. T2 - Social Science and Medicine AB - Syndemics occur when populations experience synergistic and multiplicative effects of co-occurring epidemics. Proponents of syndemic theory highlight the importance of understanding the social context in which diseases spread and cogently argue that there are biocultural effects of external stresses such as food insecurity and water insecurity. Thus, a holistic understanding of disease or social vulnerability must incorporate an examination of the emotional and social effects of these phenomena. This paper is a response to the call for a renewed focus on measuring the psycho-emotional and psychosocial effects of food insecurity and water insecurity. Using a mixed-method approach of qualitative interviews and quantitative assessment, including a household demographic, illness, and water insecurity scale, the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25, this research explored the psycho-emotional effects of water insecurity, food insecurity, and household illness on women and men residing in three low-land districts in Lesotho (n = 75). Conducted between February and November of 2011, this exploratory study first examined the complicated interaction of water insecurity, food insecurity and illness to understand and quantify the relationship between these co-occurring stresses in the context of HIV/AIDS. Second, it sought to separate the role of water insecurity in predicting psycho-emotional stress from other factors, such as food insecurity and household illness. When asked directly about water, qualitative research revealed water availability, access, usage amount, and perceived water cleanliness as important dimensions of water insecurity, creating stress in respondents' daily lives. Qualitative and quantitative data show that water insecurity, food insecurity and changing household demographics, likely resulting from the HIV/AIDS epidemic, are all associated with increased anxiety and depression, and support the conclusion that water insecurity is a critical syndemic dimension in Lesotho. Together, these data provide compelling evidence of the psycho-emotional burden of water insecurity. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.02.026 VL - 179 SP - 52-60 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85013967275&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Water insecurity KW - Food insecurity KW - Lesotho KW - Syndemic theory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gender mainstreaming and water development projects: analyzing unexpected enviro-social impacts in Bolivia, India, and Lesotho,Transversalización del género y proyectos de desarrollo hídrico: análisis de impactos socioambientales inesperados en Bolivia, India y Lesoto AU - Cairns, M.R. AU - Workman, C.L. AU - Tandon, I. T2 - Gender, Place and Culture AB - Gender mainstreaming policies and programs, meant to be gender-sensitive or to target gender issues, are increasingly implemented by both governmental and non-governmental actors. However, these projects seem set to continually aim solely at women, despite more than a decade of work encouraging broader scope. Using recent case studies from Bolivia, Lesotho, and India, we address the tensions laden in three major questions about water, gender, and development: (1) Is mandatory inclusion of women in water governance and decision-making effective?, (2) Do water development projects provide equal benefits and burdens for women and men?, and (3) In what ways are water projects and their policies impacting and impacted by gendered enviro-social spaces? By providing triangulated data from ethnographic studies in three distinct local contexts, we are able to pinpoint major cross-cutting themes that serve to highlight and interrogate the gendered impacts of water development projects’ policies: public and private lives, women’s labor expectations, and managing participation. We find that gender mainstreaming endeavors continue to fall short in their aim to equitably include women in their programming and that geographic, environmental, and socio-cultural spaces are intimately related to how these equitability issues play out. We provide practical recommendations on how to address these issues. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/0966369X.2017.1314945 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 325-342 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85019553901&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Women KW - water supply KW - equity and inclusion KW - NGOs KW - development ER - TY - BOOK TI - Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems, 3rd Edition AU - Scheid, T. L. AU - Wright, E. R. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1017/9781316471289 SE - 1-798 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Approaches to agricultural innovation and their effectiveness AU - Kick, Edward L. AU - Zering, Kelly AU - Classen, John T2 - AIMS AGRICULTURE AND FOOD AB - Citation: Edward L. Kick, Kelly Zering, John Classen. Approaches to agricultural innovation and their effectiveness[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2017, 2(4): 370-373. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2017.4.370 DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.3934/agrfood.2017.4.370 VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 370-373 SN - 2471-2086 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Radiophobia had to be reinvented AU - Stawkowski, Magdalena E. T2 - CULTURE THEORY AND CRITIQUE AB - In recent years, the Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology in Kazakhstan has proposed a plan to return large segments of the Soviet-era Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site to economic activity, notably farming and stock breeding. Despite fierce opposition to the plan, the Institute has framed these concerns as a case of ‘radiophobia’ or the irrational fear of radiation. In this article, I explore how a nexus of forces situates radiophobia as a mental health issue rooted in the irrational belief that radiation is harmful. Radiophobia is thus constructed as a mental disorder located inside the head of its victims rather than in the public domain. The deployment of radiophobia, therefore, illuminates a broader political and economic strategy in Kazakhstan that deprioritizes issues of public health and blocks the proper securitisation of a radioactive landscape. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/14735784.2017.1356740 VL - 58 IS - 4 SP - 357-374 SN - 1473-5776 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Debt as a double-edged risk: A historical case from Nahua (Aztec) Mexico AU - Millhauser, John K. T2 - ECONOMIC ANTHROPOLOGY AB - Debt is one of the oldest and most widespread social arrangements that humans use to manage hardship—and it has also been one of the riskiest. David Graeber convincingly makes this case in his recent study of debt over the last five thousand years, but his focus on the Old World leaves open the question of whether similar contradictions emerged among the markets, cities, and states of the Americas. This article uses sixteenth-century documents to reconstruct the practices, institutions, and morality of debt in Nahua society during the Aztec Empire (AD 1428–1521) and show how debt was a double-edged risk in the Aztec economy. Debt played a constructive role, helping some households through hard times and carrying little of the negative moral valence commonly associated with it. However, debts could create new vulnerabilities when secured by selling family members into slavery. Exploitative debt, however, may have only become a problem during economic and environmental crises that made the risks of debt seem less than the risks of other ways to deal with hardship. Without careful attention to cultural context and historical circumstances, generalizations about debt's exploitative aspects are limited in their ability to explain debt's global extent and historical persistence. DA - 2017/6// PY - 2017/6// DO - 10.1002/sea2.12093 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 263-275 SN - 2330-4847 KW - Debt KW - Aztec KW - Nahua KW - Slavery KW - Risk ER - TY - JOUR TI - An eco-egalitarian solution to the capitalist consumer paradox: Integrating short food chains and public market systems AU - Pensado-Leglise, M. D. AU - Smolski, A. T2 - Agriculture-Basel DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// VL - 7 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Gender Dynamics of Conditional Cash Transfers and Smallholder Farming in Calakmul, Mexico AU - Radel, C. AU - Schmook, B. AU - Haenn, N. AU - Green, L. T2 - Women’s Studies International Forum AB - We explore how Oportunidades, Mexico's anti-poverty conditional cash transfer (CCT) program, impacts production and gender dynamics in the smallholder agricultural sector. A 2010 household survey in one southeastern municipality (Calakmul) captured data on Oportunidades receipt, land use and yields, as well as gendered patterns of asset control, decision-making, labor, and income receipt. Our analysis suggests that households with Oportunidades are more likely to engage in semi-subsistence maize cultivation and on average harvest more maize. Thus Oportunidades appears to support semi-subsistence production. We also document persistent gender gaps in land control, decision-making, labor, and income receipt. Nonetheless, we find that households with Oportunidades have on average smaller gaps of particular kinds: women receiving Oportunidades are more likely to hold de jure land rights and to share in income receipt from four main crops. These effects of Oportunidades on gendered smallholder production dynamics are important ones in smallholder women's lives. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1016/j.wsif.2016.06.004 VL - 65 IS - Special issue: Latin American women’s farm land and communal forests SP - 17–27 J2 - Women's Studies International Forum LA - en OP - SN - 0277-5395 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2016.06.004 DB - Crossref KW - Gender KW - Intra-household resource management KW - Maize KW - Oportunidades KW - Women's empowerment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intensive supervision programs and recidivism: How Michigan successfully targets high-risk offenders AU - DeVall, K. E. AU - Lanier, C. AU - Hartmann, D. J. AU - Williamson, S. H. AU - Askew, L. N. T2 - Prison Journal AB - The United States has witnessed enormous criminal justice system growth in the past 60 years. In response to calls for reform, several jurisdictions have implemented programs that provide intensive supervision for high-risk offenders, swiftly responding to violations with sanctions. This quasi-experimental study is the first comprehensive analysis of Michigan’s Swift and Sure Sanctions Probation Program (SSSPP), an alternative-to-incarceration program. The findings indicate that SSSPP participants had lower recidivism rates compared with individuals sentenced to probation-as-usual. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are offered. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1177/0032885517728876 VL - 97 IS - 5 SP - 585-608 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cranial Variation and Biodistance in Three Imperial Roman Cemeteries AU - Hens, S. M. AU - Ross, A. H. T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY AB - Abstract Ancient Roman populations are expected to exhibit considerable biological variation because of extensive trade networks and migration patterns throughout Europe and the circum‐Mediterranean. The purpose of this research is to examine regional biological variation in Italy during imperial Roman times (1st to 3rd centuries ad ) using three samples exhibiting distinctive class and economic systems. The individuals buried at Isola Sacra and Velia represent middle‐class tradesmen and merchants from coastal port populations from Central and Southern Italy, respectively, while the individuals from Castel Malnome represent an inland population near Rome of freed slaves and other lower‐class individuals involved in heavy labour associated with salt production. Data were recorded from 25 three‐dimensional cranial coordinate landmarks and analysed using Procrustes superimposition and associated multivariate statistics in MorphoJ. Procrustes analysis of variance statistics were unable to detect any significant group differences for centroid size ( p = 0.595), but did detect differences in shape ( p = 0.0154), suggesting some variation between the three samples. Canonical variates analyses based on Procrustes distance values suitable for small sample sizes indicated that while Castel Malnome was not significantly different from either of the coastal sites (Isola Sacra, p = 0.2071 and Velia, p = 0.8015), Isola Sacra and Velia were significantly different ( p = 0.0119). The similarity of Castel Malnome to the other sites may reflect inherent heterogeneity in the sample, as it represents a group of freed slaves likely originating from various geographic locations. The separation of the two coastal sites is not unexpected, as Velia's location was influenced by an influx of Greek populations in the southern Italian Peninsula. This work supports previous studies using traditional craniometrics and dental metrics showing group similarity across the Italian Peninsula and a separation between more northern and southern groups. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1002/oa.2602 VL - 27 IS - 5 SP - 880-887 SN - 1099-1212 KW - genetic distance KW - geometric morphometrics KW - MorphoJ ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Social Landscape of Intractable Offending Among African-American Males in Marginalized Contexts AU - De Coster, Stacy AU - Zito, Rena C. T2 - PREVENTING CRIME AND VIOLENCE DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-44124-5_11 SP - 113-122 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Private protected areas, ecotourism development and impacts on local people's well-being: a review from case studies in Southern Chile AU - Serenari, Christopher AU - Peterson, M. Nils AU - Wallace, Tim AU - Stowhas, Paulina T2 - JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AB - Private protected areas (PPAs) are expanding rapidly in less-industrialized nations. This paper explores cases in Los Ríos, Chile, to understand how local people living in and near three PPAs viewed impacts of tourism development on human well-being and local governance asking: (1) Why and how do governing PPA actors engage local people in conservation and ecotourism? (2) How do local people perceive the impacts of PPAs? (3) How do perceived impacts differ between PPA ownership types and contexts? We used an Opportunities, Security and Empowerment research framework derived from local definitions of well-being. Results suggest that governing PPA actors (PPA administrations and Chilean government officials) viewed local people as threats to forest conservation goals, embraced exclusion from reserve governance, but encouraged self-governance among local people through educational campaigns promoting environmental stewardship and ecotourism entrepreneurship. PPA administrations avoided emerging participatory democracy approaches to ensure local resistance did not threaten their authority. Despite asymmetrical power relations, PPA–community partnerships were viewed locally as both improving and damaging well-being. Our findings suggest that the social impacts and consequences of PPAs facilitating ecotourism development should be subjected to the same level of scrutiny that has been given to public protected areas. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/09669582.2016.1178755 VL - 25 IS - 12 SP - 1792-1810 SN - 1747-7646 KW - Chile KW - ecotourism KW - private protected area KW - sustainable development KW - well-being ER - TY - JOUR TI - Age Structure and Neighborhood Homicide: Testing and Extending the Differential Institutional Engagement Hypothesis AU - Dollar, Cindy Brooks AU - McCall, Patricia L. AU - Land, Kenneth C. AU - Fink, Joshua T2 - HOMICIDE STUDIES AB - We examine the empirical applicability of differential institutional engagement in explaining the youth age structure effect on neighborhood homicide. Using the National Neighborhood Crime Study and Census data, we conduct a multilevel spatial analysis of homicides in 8,307 census tracts. We find support for three indicators of differential institutional engagement (disengaged youth, educational engagement, employment engagement). An additional dimension of institutional engagement (familial engagement) operates in the expected direction but is not statistically significant. We argue that previous cross-sectional studies reporting a null or negative relationship between percentage of young and homicide are due to omitting measures of institutional youth (dis)engagement. DA - 2017/11// PY - 2017/11// DO - 10.1177/1088767917702474 VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 243-266 SN - 1552-6720 KW - homicide KW - age structure KW - neighborhood KW - institutional engagement KW - spatial analysis KW - multilevel modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - The legacy of lead pollution: (dis)trust in science and the debate over Superfund AU - Messer, Chris M. AU - Shriver, Thomas E. AU - Adams, Alison E. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS AB - Lead contamination is a significant health hazard in communities around the world, but this environmental toxin often remains unknown to residents living near hazardous sites. This research investigates a unique case where residents were informed of lead contamination but rejected official and scientific narratives regarding environmental risks. The case study involves a decommissioned smelter in Colorado. Drawing from data collected over three years, the researchers examine how officials and experts communicated the severity of environmental health hazards. Despite these efforts, residents opposed the Environmental Protection Agency’s attempts to place the site on the National Priorities List for federal cleanup. The government’s framing of science and environmental risk failed to resonate with homeowners, despite the known and significant scientific evidence confirming environmental health hazards, and residents’ perceptions of lead contamination were mitigated by material concerns, including property values and community stigma. Implications for future research on lead contamination, environmental risk, and trust in science are discussed. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/09644016.2017.1304812 VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - 1132-1151 SN - 1743-8934 KW - Lead pollution KW - environmental hazards KW - risk KW - trust in science KW - environmental health KW - U KW - S KW - Environmental Protection Agency ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marking time in ethnography: Uncovering temporal dispositions AU - Elliott, Sinikka AU - McKelvy, Josephine Ngo AU - Bowen, Sarah T2 - ETHNOGRAPHY AB - In this paper, we reflect on how time is appraised, organized, and managed by a group of researchers conducting an ethnography of 12 low-income families. We develop the concept of temporal dispositions: perceptions and preferences around time that in turn shape temporal practices. The concept of temporal dispositions encapsulates individuals’ background and training, agency and reflexivity, and the dynamic nature of ongoing social life and interactions through which temporal meanings may change or take on new symbolic weight. Overlaid upon each of these are larger social structures and power relations that affirm some temporal dispositions and stigmatize others. We conclude by considering the implications for ethnographic fieldworkers. We argue that analyzing the many ways researchers and participants navigate and perceive time offers insight into unspoken temporal assumptions, ideologies, and inequalities. DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017/12// DO - 10.1177/1466138116655360 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 556-576 SN - 1741-2714 KW - time KW - temporality KW - reflexivity KW - ethnographic method KW - social inequalities KW - disposition KW - temporal orientation KW - power relations ER - TY - JOUR TI - Discrimination-related Anger, Religion, and Distress: Differences between African Americans and Caribbean Black Americans AU - Head, Rachel N. AU - Thompson, Maxine Seaborn T2 - SOCIETY AND MENTAL HEALTH AB - The Charleston Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church (AMEC) survivors’ forgiveness of the racially motivated shootings prompted our research of the association between religion, discrimination-related anger, and psychological distress among black Americans. Using the first representative national sample of Caribbean black Americans, the National Survey of American Life, we examine if discrimination-related anger produces more psychological distress for African Americans than Caribbean black Americans and if religious emotional support lowers distress from discrimination-related anger. Our findings show discrimination-related anger is associated with less distress for Caribbean black Americans than African Americans. Religious emotional support is associated with lower levels of distress and buffers the mental health of later generation Caribbean black Americans who report anger. African Americans reporting discrimination without anger show lower levels of psychological distress than their counterparts who experience anger. Thus, we have partial support that mercy towards one’s transgressor, illustrated by the Charleston Emanuel AMEC survivors, may benefit mental health. DA - 2017/11// PY - 2017/11// DO - 10.1177/2156869317711225 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 159-174 SN - 2156-8731 KW - discrimination KW - race/ethnicity KW - anger KW - religion KW - psychological distress ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Catholic Church and international law AU - Boyle, E. H. AU - Golden, S. AU - Liao, W. J. T2 - Annual review of law and social science, vol 13 AB - Since the 1960s, the Catholic Church has been immensely influential in shaping international law. It provides a compelling example of how nonstate actors, relying on principled positions rather than resources, can alter the course of global policy making. The Church's authority rests on three distinct features: (a) independence from the nation-state system; (b) a centralized transnational bureaucracy; and (c) its enduring ideology. In this review, we elaborate on the Church's role in promoting peace, serving the poor, and blocking the institutionalization of access to contraception and abortion. Church ideology finds strong secular counterparts in the cases of promoting peace and support for the poor. It is on shakier ground when it ventures into gender issues, which it has done with zeal in recent years. Its primary allies on gender issues have been other religious organizations and Islamic states, reinforcing the religious rather than human rights basis for Church positions. The Church's role as the moral authority in the secular United Nations system is therefore less clear when it speaks about gender and sexuality. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110615-084534 VL - 13 SP - 395-411 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Policing Immigrants: Local Law Enforcement on the Front Lines AU - Ebert, Kim T2 - CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF REVIEWS DA - 2017/9// PY - 2017/9// DO - 10.1177/0094306117725085ii VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 591-593 SN - 1939-8638 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306117725085ii ER - TY - JOUR TI - The virtual approach to the assessment of skeletal injuries in human skeletal remains of forensic importance AU - Urbanova, Petra AU - Ross, Ann H. AU - Jurda, Mikolas AU - Splichalova, Ivana T2 - JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE AB - While assessing skeletal injuries in human skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists are frequently presented with fractured, fragmented, or otherwise modified skeletal remains. The examination of evidence and the mechanisms of skeletal injuries often require that separate osseous elements be permanently or temporarily reassembled or reconstructed. If not dealt with properly, such reconstructions may impede accurate interpretation of the evidence. Nowadays, routine forensic examinations increasingly incorporate digital imaging technologies. As a result, a variety of PC-assisted imaging techniques, collectively referred to as the virtual approach, have been made available to treat fragmentary skeletal remains. The present study employs a 3D virtual approach to assess mechanisms of skeletal injuries, and provides an expert opinion of causative tools in three forensic cases involving human skeletal remains where integrity was compromised by multiple peri- or postmortem alterations resulting in fragmentation and/or incompleteness. Three fragmentary skulls and an incomplete set of foot bones with evidence of perimortem fractures (gunshot wounds) and sharp force trauma (saw marks) were digitized using a desktop laser scanner. The digitized skeletal elements were reassembled in the virtual workspace using functionalities incorporated in AMIRA® version 5.0 software, and simultaneously in real physical space by traditional reconstructive approaches. For this study, the original skeletal fragments were substituted by replicas built by 3D printing. Inter-method differences were quantified by mesh-based comparison after the physically reassembled elements had been re-digitized. Observed differences were further reinforced by visualizing local variations using colormaps and other advanced 3D visualization techniques. In addition, intra-operator and inter-operator error was computed. The results demonstrate that the importance of incorporating the virtual approach into the assessment of skeletal injuries increases with the complexity and state of preservation of a forensic case. While in relatively simple cases the virtual approach is a welcome extension to a traditional approach, which merely facilitates the analysis, in more complex and extensively fragmentary cases such as multiple gunshot wounds or dismemberment, the virtual approach can be a crucial step in applying the principles of gunshot wounds or sharp force traumatic mechanisms. The unrestricted manipulation with digital elements enabling limitless repairs and adjustments to a "best-case scenario" also produced smaller inter-operator variation in comparison to the traditional approach. DA - 2017/7// PY - 2017/7// DO - 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.05.015 VL - 49 SP - 59-75 SN - 1532-2009 KW - Perimortem skeletal injuries KW - Reassembly KW - Virtual approach KW - 3D printing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Frontal Sinus Development and Juvenile Age Estimation AU - Moore, Kaitlin AU - Ross, Ann T2 - ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Assessment of development is an important component of age estimation in juveniles. One area that has not been fully investigated as a possible aging method is the development of the frontal sinus. The frontal sinuses form when the ectocranial table of the frontal bone separates from the endocranial table forming an air pocket in the bone. The endocranial table ceases growth with the brain, while the ectocranial table is displaced anteriorly as the facial bones continue growth. In order to examine growth and the utility of the frontal sinuses for age estimation, 392 radiographs were examined (♀=159 and ♂=233) from the Juvenile Radiograph Database at North Carolina State University and the Patricia Database from Mercyhurst University. The sample included individuals who ranged in age from 0 to 18 years. Anterior view (or AP) radiographs were examined and were grouped based upon the presence or absence of the frontal sinus. Individuals were grouped into four age categories. A one‐way ANOVA was performed to test whether developmental phase was related to age. Results from the ANOVA show that developmental phase is significantly related to age ( P <.0001). An ordinal logistic regression was conducted to examine whether developmental phase could be used to predict age. The results of the logistic regression suggest that developmental phase is an accurate indicator of age ( P <.0001, df = 1, Chi‐Squared = 537.2428); however, the age ranges can be quite wide and should be utilized alongside other established methods of age estimation. Anat Rec, 300:1609–1617, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. DA - 2017/9// PY - 2017/9// DO - 10.1002/ar.23614 VL - 300 IS - 9 SP - 1609-1617 SN - 1932-8494 KW - frontal sinus KW - development KW - age estimation KW - juvenile ER - TY - JOUR TI - Everyday Radioactive Goods? Economic Development at Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan AU - Stawkowski, Magdalena E. T2 - JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES AB - I first heard of “radioactive coal” in the summer of 2012, when I was living in the small village of Koyan, one of many settlements in Eastern Kazakhstan that hosted the Soviet-era Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site. A scandal over the sale of radioactive coal had erupted in the fall of 2011 when local media began reporting on a train from Kazakhstan carrying more than eight thousand tons of it (in 130 wagons) to a heating plant in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Upon discovering that radioactivity in the shipment was eight times higher than normal, Kyrgyz authorities had it removed from the Bishkek's central heating plant. Rather than discarding it, they put it to use elsewhere, including in the heating stoves of more than one orphanage, a kindergarten, and several rural schools. When media covered this development, public outcry forced Kyrgyz politicians to demand that the coal be returned to Kazakhstan; allegations of corruption and arrests of Kyrgyz officials ensued. Political wrangling over responsibility and refunds meant that negotiations between Kazakh and Kyrgyz authorities took more than a year to complete. Finally, Kazakhstan allowed the coal to be returned. DA - 2017/5// PY - 2017/5// DO - 10.1017/s0021911817000079 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 423-436 SN - 1752-0401 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Can't Catch a Break: Gender, Jail, Drugs, and the Limits of Personal Responsibility AU - Mycek, Mari Kate T2 - TEACHING SOCIOLOGY DA - 2017/7// PY - 2017/7// DO - 10.1177/0092055x17711165 VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 292-294 SN - 1939-862X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Animals in the world: A materialist approach to sociological animal studies AU - York, Richard AU - Longo, Stefano B. T2 - JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY AB - The connections between nonhuman animals and human societies have become an increasingly prominent topic of sociological research over the past decade. A focus on animals in sociological research raises a variety of conceptual and epistemological challenges, since sociological methods and theories were developed to analyze humans. We outline these challenges and elaborate a realist approach to animal studies, which focuses on the materiality of the animals in the world and does not confuse them with social constructions of animals. We examine the potential to combine methods focused on understanding human meaning, such as ethnography, with methods aimed at scientifically studying animal behavior from ethology, or a political ethology approach. We also assess how the materiality of animals can be incorporated into quantitative macro-comparative analyses as well as historical studies. We argue that increasingly incorporating animal studies into the domain of sociology can expand our understanding of the world and generate new questions for sociologists. DA - 2017/3// PY - 2017/3// DO - 10.1177/1440783315607387 VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 32-46 SN - 1741-2978 KW - animals and society KW - animal studies KW - environmental sociology KW - macrosociology KW - political ethology ER - TY - JOUR TI - The structure of internal job mobility and organizational wage inequality AU - McDonald, Steve AU - Benton, Richard A. T2 - RESEARCH IN SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND MOBILITY AB - The movement of people among jobs within an organization reflects a process of relational position-taking—a contest among individuals for valued resources. The structure of this mobility offers clues regarding the relational dynamics associated with position-taking and how these processes might vary across low and high inequality organizations. We explore these issues using data on intra-organizational mobility networks from 7347 workers in 428 positions in 11 distribution centers from a national grocery store chain. Exponential random graph models are used to identify the local network features that characterize each organization’s pattern of job mobility. This approach is then supplemented with meta-regression that examines the extent to which those network features are associated with organizational inequality (the wage gap between supervisors and non-supervisors). Organizational inequality is unrelated to the presence of purely structural mobility features (density, reciprocity, or transitivity), but instead is characterized by the confluence of mobility structure and positional hierarchy. The findings demonstrate that workers have fewer mobility pathways into high wage jobs in high inequality organizations than in low inequality organizations. DA - 2017/2// PY - 2017/2// DO - 10.1016/j.rssm.2016.03.005 VL - 47 SP - 21-31 SN - 1878-5654 KW - Mobility KW - Jobs KW - Networks KW - Inequality KW - Organizations ER - TY - JOUR TI - The right to know: Suffering, human rights, and perplexities of politics in Lebanon AU - McManus, Shea T2 - AMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST AB - For decades, families in Lebanon have fought in vain for the release of information about their missing relatives. Their struggle has become increasingly entangled in a transnational configuration of experts, discourses, and practices, a configuration that is sustained by the humanitarian imperative to alleviate suffering and by an appeal to trauma, victimhood, and human rights. This appeal animates new legal and judicial forms of activism that have expanded the scope of the families’ rights, compelled the government to release long-held information, and urged it to enact reforms in accordance with international standards. The convergence of these processes extends a framework of compassionate global governance that is supposed to work on behalf of subjects who are construed as victims and whose experience is essentially one of suffering. DA - 2017/2// PY - 2017/2// DO - 10.1111/amet.12429 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 104-117 SN - 1548-1425 KW - human rights KW - humanitarianism KW - missing persons KW - trauma KW - judicialization of politics KW - NGOs KW - Lebanon ER - TY - JOUR TI - Shared Use of Physical Activity Facilities Among North Carolina Faith Communities, 2013 AU - Hardison-Moody, Annie AU - Edwards, Michael B. AU - Bocarro, Jason N. AU - Stein, Anna AU - Kanters, Michael A. AU - Sherman, Danielle Marie AU - Rhew, Lori K. AU - Stallings, Willona Marie AU - Bowen, Sarah K. T2 - PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE AB - Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD) is a peer-reviewed electronic journal established by the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. PCD provides an open exchange of information and knowledge among researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and others who strive to improve the health of the public through chronic disease prevention. DA - 2017/2// PY - 2017/2// DO - 10.5888/pcd14.160393 VL - 14 SP - SN - 1545-1151 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Choice within constraint: An explanation of crime at the intersections AU - De Coster, Stacy AU - Heimer, Karen T2 - THEORETICAL CRIMINOLOGY AB - Intersectionalities have become central to theory and research on sex, gender and crime. Viewing crime through an intersectionalities lens allows us to move beyond deterministic views of the relationship between social structures and offending by emphasizing that structures of gender, race, ethnicity, class, and sexuality weave together to create a complex tapestry of opportunities and motivations that shape variation in crime and violence across groups and situations. In this essay, we propose a “choice within constraint” framework that focuses on how multiple, interlocking inequalities come together to shape micro-level interactions while also allowing room for agency in how people choose to respond to social and structural opportunities and constraints. More specifically, we cull insights from qualitative studies to build a framework emphasizing how individuals’ active engagement with intersecting cultural meanings of gender (masculinities and femininities) explain variability in decisions to offend across and within hierarchies of sex, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, and age. DA - 2017/2// PY - 2017/2// DO - 10.1177/1362480616677494 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 11-22 SN - 1461-7439 KW - Intersectionalities KW - Gendered Identities KW - Offending ER - TY - JOUR TI - When Crime is not an Option: Inspecting the Moral Filtering of Criminal Action Alternatives AU - Brauer, Jonathan R. AU - Tittle, Charles R. T2 - JUSTICE QUARTERLY AB - Many theories assume legal compliance stems from rational deliberations about consequences of disobedience. In contrast, morality theories such as Wikström’s Situational Action Theory contend personal morality and moral contexts provide a “filter” prohibiting some people from perceiving and contemplating criminal actions as realistic possibilities. We examine this moral filtering hypothesis using face-to-face household survey data from 573 adults in the Dhaka District of Bangladesh. Results suggest individuals with higher levels of personal morality (moral beliefs; guilt from contemplating violence; moral identity; emotional empathy) and exposure to strong moral settings are less likely to contemplate aggressive and violent actions in response to a provocation. Furthermore, these dimensions of personal and contextual morality appear to be indirectly linked to violent criminal actions through individuals’ tendencies to contemplate aggressive actions when provoked. Overall, our initial inspection of the moral filter hypothesis provides substantial support and highlights areas for theoretical clarification and additional research. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/07418825.2016.1226937 VL - 34 IS - 5 SP - 818-846 SN - 1745-9109 KW - morality KW - contemplation KW - violence KW - situational action theory KW - moral filter ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Impact of Freezing on Bone Mineral Density: Implications for Forensic Research AU - Hale, Amanda R. AU - Ross, Ann H. T2 - JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AB - It is common for researchers using animal or human remains for scientific study to freeze samples prior to use. However, effects of freezing on bone macro- or microstructure are relatively unknown. The research objective of this study was to determine whether freezing could potentially bias experimental results by analyzing changes in bone mineral density (BMD) with the freezing of remains over time. Eight fetal pigs were scanned to determine their initial BMD before freezing. Three piglets underwent a freeze-thaw cycle to assess the effects of the freezing process. Four piglets were frozen and scanned weekly for 20 weeks to assess freezing over time. The overall average between the fresh initial scan and final frozen scan was significantly different (p < 0.001). Per contra, the final thawed BMD scans did not differ from the initial fresh scan (p = 0.418). Thus, completely thawed remains are recommended for experimental studies. DA - 2017/3// PY - 2017/3// DO - 10.1111/1556-4029.13273 VL - 62 IS - 2 SP - 399-404 SN - 1556-4029 KW - forensic science KW - forensic anthropology KW - bone mineral density KW - freezing KW - experimental studies KW - longitudinal analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Skeletal Kinship Analysis Using Developmental Anomalies of the Foot AU - Case, D. T. AU - Jones, L. B. AU - Offenbecker, A. M. T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY AB - Developmental anomalies of the skeleton are often treated as mere curiosities, but in some contexts, they may prove useful to bioarchaeologists for answering questions about the past. One such use can be found in skeletal kinship analysis, where discrete traits can help to identify close genetic relatives in archaeological cemeteries. Previous research suggests that discrete traits used for skeletal kinship analysis should have several characteristics—they must obviously be heritable, but in addition, they should be easy to score as present or absent, their frequencies should not vary by age or sex, and they should be low frequency traits. Low frequency traits are less likely than higher frequency traits to be found in two individuals merely by chance. In this study, we consider 17 developmental anomalies of the human foot as candidates for use in skeletal kinship analysis. The traits are evaluated in terms of the characteristics described above, after which kinship analyses are attempted on two different populations. Ten of the anomalies are found to be good candidates for skeletal kinship analysis, including accessory navicular, four different forms of brachydactyly, three types of tarsal coalition, and two forms of the os intermetatarseum. When frequencies of these traits were examined and compared to a reference sample in three cemeteries, however, only a single group of six possible genetic relatives were identified. The results suggest that skeletal kinship analysis using individual heritable traits is perhaps best applied to small cemeteries or burial clusters rather than larger cemeteries containing many different lineages. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1002/oa.2529 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 192-205 SN - 1099-1212 KW - bipartite cuneiform KW - calcaneonavicular coalition KW - calcaneus secundarius KW - developmental defects KW - os trigonum KW - talocalcaneal coalition ER - TY - JOUR TI - Race and General Strain Theory: Microaggressions As Mundane Extreme Environmental Stresses AU - De Coster, Stacy AU - Thompson, Maxine S. T2 - JUSTICE QUARTERLY AB - This article spotlights racial microaggressions as relevant for understanding delinquency and the race gap in offending among middle-schoolers. In doing so, we draw on an emerging body of delinquency research rooted in general strain theory that demonstrates the emotional and behavioral tolls of face-to-face discrimination. We contend that this body of research has not established the full impact of racial microaggressions on delinquency because it has not considered that the specter of microaggressive encounters follows African American youth in particular from experience to experience. Specifically, we propose that racial microaggressions influence juvenile offending both directly—as previously documented—and by exacerbating the impact of co-occurring stressful events and experiences on negative emotions and delinquency. Using data collected at a southeastern middle-school, we find support for this proposition, empirically documenting that racial microaggressions interact with co-occurring stressful experiences in OLS models predicting delinquency. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/07418825.2016.1236204 VL - 34 IS - 5 SP - 903-930 SN - 1745-9109 KW - race KW - delinquency KW - general strain theory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Can the welfare state replace parents? Children's cognition in the United States and Great Britain AU - Parcel, Toby L. AU - Campbell, Lori Ann T2 - SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH AB - We compare family and parental effects on child verbal facility, verbal achievement and mathematics achievement in the United States and Great Britain. We study 3,438 5–13 year-old children from the 1994 NLSY Child-Mother Data Set and 1429 same-aged children from the National Child Development Study, also known as the British Child. Multivariate analyses suggest that the processes through which families invest in child cognition are similar across societies, with factors including low birth weight, child health, maternal cognition, family size and children's home environments being consequential. We conclude that parental investments are equally important across the two societies. The more developed welfare state in Great Britain does not notably compensate for parental investments in that society, although it may play a greater role when parental resources are absent or stretched thin. DA - 2017/5// PY - 2017/5// DO - 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.10.009 VL - 64 SP - 79-95 SN - 1096-0317 KW - Child cognition KW - United States KW - Great Britain KW - Welfare state KW - Family effects ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reviewing the reviews: Discussions of race by film reviewers AU - Anderson, A. AU - Grether, S. T2 - Sociological Spectrum DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 188-204 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Examining the Reach of Color Blindness: Ideological Flexibility, Frame Alignment, and Legitimacy among Racially Conservative and Extremist Organizations AU - Brooks, Erinn AU - Ebert, Kim AU - Flockhart, Tyler T2 - SOCIOLOGICAL QUARTERLY AB - Erinn Brooksa, Kim Ebertb* & Tyler Flockhartba Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Criminal Justice, Manchester University, North Manchester, Indiana, USAb Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USAErinn Brooks is an Assistant Professor of Sociology in the Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Criminal Justice at Manchester University, Manchester, Indiana. Her research examines the intersections of race, class, and gender inequality, emphasizing social justice in schools, workplaces, and nonprofit organizations.Kim Ebert is an Assistant Professor of Sociology in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at North Carolina State University. Her research investigates three dimensions of racial inequality: the ideological processes through which power is maintained, the causes and consequences of dominant group collective action and formal politics, and the politics of adaptation for immigrant groups.Tyler Flockhart is a PhD student in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at North Carolina State University. His research examines how LGBT youth and their parents talk with each other about sex, dating, and romantic relationships, and the extent to which these discussions reproduce, resist, and challenge race, class, and gender inequalities. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/00380253.2017.1296340 VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 254-276 SN - 1533-8525 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2017.1296340 KW - Collective behavior and social movements KW - political sociology KW - racial and ethnic minorities ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of the genetic basis of primary hypoadrenocorticism in Standard Poodles using SNP array genotyping and whole-genome sequencing AU - Friedenberg, Steven G. AU - Lunn, Katharine F. AU - Meurs, Kathryn M. T2 - MAMMALIAN GENOME AB - Primary hypoadrenocorticism, also known as Addison's disease, is an autoimmune disorder leading to the destruction of the adrenal cortex and subsequent loss of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones. The disease is prevalent in Standard Poodles and is believed to be highly heritable in the breed. Using genotypes derived from the Illumina Canine HD SNP array, we performed a genome-wide association study of 133 carefully phenotyped Standard Poodles (61 affected, 72 unaffected) and found no markers significantly associated with the disease. We also sequenced the entire genomes of 20 Standard Poodles (13 affected, 7 unaffected) and analyzed the data to identify common variants (including SNPs, indels, structural variants, and copy number variants) across affected dogs and variants segregating within a single pedigree of highly affected dogs. We identified several candidate genes that may be fixed in both Standard Poodles and a small population of dogs of related breeds. Further studies are required to confirm these findings more broadly, as well as additional gene-mapping efforts aimed at fully understanding the genetic basis of what is likely a complex inherited disorder. DA - 2017/2// PY - 2017/2// DO - 10.1007/s00335-016-9671-6 VL - 28 IS - 1-2 SP - 56-65 SN - 1432-1777 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Confronting Power and Environmental Injustice: Legacy Pollution and the Timber Industry in Southern Mississippi AU - Sanchez, Heather K. AU - Adams, Alison E. AU - Shriver, Thomas E. T2 - SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES AB - Research has documented how grass-roots activists deploy the environmental justice frame to convey their grievances and demand their right to health and safety. While scholars have highlighted the widespread success of this frame, little attention has been paid to instances where the environmental justice frame fails to resonate. Drawing from social movements and environmental justice literatures, we examine how local discursive and cultural contexts can pose barriers to environmental justice claims. Our case is based on legacy pollution from a decommissioned creosote facility in Southern Mississippi. When black residents discovered the pollution in their neighborhood, they made repeated appeals to authorities for remediation and compensation. After being denied inclusion in a lawsuit filed by white residents, they formed an environmental justice organization to mobilize support for their campaign. Findings reveal the importance of both historical contextualization and the social situation of frame deployers in analyses of the environmental justice frame. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/08941920.2016.1264034 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 347-361 SN - 1521-0723 KW - Community organizing KW - environmental health KW - environmental justice KW - framing ER - TY - JOUR TI - "Homeless Killer": An Analysis of the Media's Portrayal of the Victims of a Serial Killer AU - Donley, Amy M. AU - Gualtieri, Marie C. T2 - DEVIANT BEHAVIOR AB - Previous research has examined the newsworthiness of homicide victims and explored many characteristics of victims. To date, there is no research examining homeless homicide victims even though homeless individuals are more susceptible to being victims of violent crimes. This study examines the online media coverage of four homeless homicide victims murdered by a serial killer in 2012 to ascertain how housing status impacts media coverage. Specifically, this study explores through content analysis what kind of coverage homeless individuals receive and how they are portrayed. Findings suggest that housing status is a salient characteristic in the newsworthiness of victims. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/01639625.2016.1196976 VL - 38 IS - 2 SP - 226-239 SN - 1521-0456 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bone mineral density and wounding capacity of handguns: implications for estimation of caliber AU - Paschall, Anna AU - Ross, Ann H. T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE DA - 2017/1// PY - 2017/1// DO - 10.1007/s00414-016-1420-6 VL - 131 IS - 1 SP - 161-166 SN - 1437-1596 KW - BMD KW - Caliber KW - Gunshot KW - Cranial KW - Wounding potential ER - TY - JOUR TI - Indigenous Perspectives on Private Protected Areas in Chile AU - Serenari, Christopher AU - Peterson, M. Nils AU - Wallace, Tim AU - Stowhas, Paulina T2 - NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL AB - It is no longer conventional nor desirable practice for protected area managers to disregard the needs and desires of indigenous people. Several frameworks attempting to identify the roots of indigenous-external conservation actor conflict have emerged in recent decades. The rise of private protected areas (PPAs), however, is yet to be fully represented in these frameworks. We conducted interviews with Mapuche leaders and community members at three PPA sites in Chile's Los Ríos region to explore how they perceived PPAs and their social impacts. Our analysis suggests Mapuche were not resisting constraints on resource rights and use created by Chile's property-rights system. Informants, particularly community leaders and elders, adopted a deliberate and cautious approach to relationship building with PPA administrations, perhaps because of a Mapuche history negotiating colonialism, corporate exploitation, political marginalization, environmental degradation, and capitalism. Our results suggest that to be inclusive of PPAs in Los Ríos, future conflict frameworks should attend less to the notion of controlling territories and people and more on how private property regimes inhibit park-people partnerships, what global and state mechanisms contribute to conflict at the local level, and how locals respond to PPA creation. DA - 2017/1// PY - 2017/1// DO - 10.3375/043.037.0112 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 98-107 SN - 2162-4399 KW - conflict KW - framework KW - indigenous KW - Mapuche KW - private protected area ER -