TY - JOUR TI - The Four—Yes, Four—Types of State Primaries AU - Kuzenski, John C. T2 - PS: Political Science & Politics AB - An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button. DA - 2013/9/2/ PY - 2013/9/2/ DO - 10.1017/s1049096500043377 ER - TY - ER - TY - CHAP TI - Addressing Personal and Family Transitions in Small Businesses: Effective Human Resource Management Practices AU - Fuschetti, Kyle AU - Pollack, Jeffrey M. T2 - Human Resource Management in Small Business A2 - Burke, R. A2 - Cooper, C. PY - 2013/9/17/ DO - 10.4337/9780857933195.00018 SP - 200-215 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9780857933195.00018 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Implicit Theories of Entrepreneurship AU - Pollack, Jeffrey M. T2 - World Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship A2 - Dana, L. PY - 2013/9/16/ DO - 10.4337/9781849808453.00033 SP - 247-248 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781849808453.00033 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Entrepreneurial Orientation AU - Hawver, Thomas H. AU - Pollack, Jeffrey M. T2 - World Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship A2 - Dana, L. PY - 2013/9/16/ DO - 10.4337/9781849808453.00016 SP - 83-85 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781849808453.00016 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Passion Isn't Always a Good Thing: Examining Entrepreneurs' Network Centrality and Financial Performance with a Dualistic Model of Passion AU - Ho, Violet T. AU - Pollack, Jeffrey M. T2 - Journal of Management Studies AB - Abstract We propose a conceptual model that links entrepreneurs' passion, network centrality, and financial performance, and test this model with small business managers in formal business networking groups. Drawing on the dualistic model of passion, we explore the relationships that harmonious and obsessive passion have with financial performance, mediated by network centrality. Results indicate that harmoniously passionate entrepreneurs had higher out‐degree centrality in their networking group (i.e., they were more inclined to seek out members to discuss work issues), which increased the income they received from peer referrals and, ultimately, business income. Obsessively passionate entrepreneurs had lower in‐degree centrality (i.e., they were less likely to be approached by peers), and in turn received less income from referrals and less business income. These findings highlight that entrepreneurial passion does not always result in positive financial outcomes – the type of passion makes a difference. Implications for research and practice are discussed. DA - 2013/11/11/ PY - 2013/11/11/ DO - 10.1111/joms.12062 VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 433-459 J2 - Journal of Management Studies LA - en OP - SN - 0022-2380 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joms.12062 DB - Crossref KW - network centrality KW - obsessive passion KW - harmonious passion KW - business networking groups KW - entrepreneurial performance ER - TY - CONF TI - Work-family conflict and social undermining behavior: An examination of gender differences AU - Scott, K.L. AU - Ingram, A. AU - Zagenczyk, T.J. T2 - 2013 Academy of Management Conference C2 - 2013/// C3 - 2013 Academy of Management Conference CY - Orlando, FL DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/8/9/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Narcissism, violation, workplace deviance, and exit: An application of trait activation theory AU - Zagenczyk, T.J. AU - Smallfield, J.K. AU - Scott, K.L. AU - Galloway, B. AU - Purvis, R.L. T2 - 2013 Academy of Management Conference C2 - 2013/// C3 - 2013 Academy of Management Conference CY - Orlando, FL DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/8/9/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Face(book) of Unionism AU - Gibney, Ray AU - Zagenczyk, Tom AU - Masters, Marick F. T2 - International Journal of E-Politics AB - Information Communication Technology (ICT) offers unions a greater capacity to build cohesion and expand membership. An important issue in assessing the potential benefits of ICT is the nature and scope of union members’ use of this technology. Unions must have an Internet presence. Using data from a 2010 Current Population Survey (CPS), the authors examine the extent to which union members have and use computers and the Internet. In addition, the authors review Facebook pages and Twitter accounts established by or for national labor organizations. The authors find that labor union usage of these social networks has not produced anticipated usage by members. DA - 2013/10/1/ PY - 2013/10/1/ DO - 10.4018/ijep.2013100101 VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 1-12 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijep.2013100101 KW - Current Population Survey (CPS) KW - Information Communication Technology (ICT) KW - Labor Union KW - Social Networks KW - Technology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Blaming the organization for abusive supervision: The roles of perceived organizational support and supervisor's organizational embodiment. AU - Shoss, Mindy K. AU - Eisenberger, Robert AU - Restubog, Simon Lloyd D. AU - Zagenczyk, Thomas J. T2 - Journal of Applied Psychology AB - Why do employees who experience abusive supervision retaliate against the organization? We apply organizational support theory to propose that employees hold the organization partly responsible for abusive supervision. Depending on the extent to which employees identify the supervisor with the organization (i.e., supervisor's organizational embodiment), we expected abusive supervision to be associated with low perceived organizational support (POS) and consequently with retribution against the organization. Across 3 samples, we found that abusive supervision was associated with decreased POS as moderated by supervisor's organizational embodiment. In turn, reduced POS was related to heightened counterproductive work behavior directed against the organization and lowered in-role and extra-role performance. These findings suggest that employees partly attribute abusive supervision to negative valuation by the organization and, consequently, behave negatively toward and withhold positive contributions to it. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1037/a0030687 VL - 98 IS - 1 SP - 158-168 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030687 KW - abusive supervision KW - perceived organizational support KW - workplace victimization ER - TY - JOUR TI - A social exchange-based model of the antecedents of workplace exclusion. AU - Scott, Kristin L. AU - Restubog, Simon Lloyd D. AU - Zagenczyk, Thomas J. T2 - Journal of Applied Psychology AB - We conducted 2 studies of coworker dyads to test a theoretical model exploring why and under what circumstances employees are the targets of workplace exclusion. Adopting a victim precipitation perspective, we integrate belongingness and social exchange theories to propose that employees who display workplace incivility are distrusted and therefore are targets of workplace exclusion. Highlighting the importance of the context of the perpetrator-target relationship, we also find support for the postulation that this mediated relationship is strengthened when the target employee is perceived to be a weak exchange partner and is attenuated when he or she is viewed as a valuable exchange partner. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. DA - 2013/1// PY - 2013/1// DO - 10.1037/a0030135 VL - 98 IS - 1 SP - 37-48 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030135 KW - workplace exclusion KW - incivility KW - workplace deviance KW - social exchange ER - TY - JOUR TI - When employees behave badly: the roles of contract importance and workplace familism in predicting negative reactions to psychological contract breach AU - Restubog, Simon Lloyd D. AU - Zagenczyk, Thomas J. AU - Bordia, Prashant AU - Tang, Robert L. T2 - Journal of Applied Social Psychology AB - Abstract In this paper, we examine the influence of contract importance, feelings of violation, and workplace familism on the relationship between psychological contract breach and organizational deviance. Results from a study of 168 supervisor–employee dyads in a pharmaceutical organization suggest that (a) feelings of violation mediated the relationship between perceived breach and supervisor‐rated organizational deviance; (b) relational and transactional contract importance influenced the relationship between breach and feelings of violation such that the relationship was stronger under conditions of high relational and transactional importance; and (c) high levels of workplace familism mitigated the effects of feelings of violation on supervisor‐rated organizational deviance. DA - 2013/3// PY - 2013/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2013.01046.x VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 673-686 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2013.01046.x ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Moderating Effect of Machiavellianism on the Psychological Contract Breach–Organizational Identification/Disidentification Relationships AU - Zagenczyk, Thomas J. AU - Cruz, Kevin S. AU - Woodard, Angela M. AU - Walker, J. Craig AU - Few, W. Timothy AU - Kiazad, Kohyar AU - Raja, Mohammed T2 - Journal of Business and Psychology DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// DO - 10.1007/s10869-012-9278-1 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 287-299 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10869-012-9278-1 KW - Psychological contracts KW - Machiavellianism KW - Identification KW - Social exchange KW - Social identity ER - TY - CHAP TI - Global teams AU - Kirkman, B.L. AU - Mistry, S. T2 - Oxford Bibliographies in Management A2 - Griffin, R. PY - 2013/// PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mind-sets matter: A meta-analytic review of implicit theories and self-regulation. AU - Burnette, Jeni L. AU - O'Boyle, Ernest H. AU - VanEpps, Eric M. AU - Pollack, Jeffrey M. AU - Finkel, Eli J. T2 - Psychological Bulletin AB - This review builds on self-control theory (Carver & Scheier, 1998) to develop a theoretical framework for investigating associations of implicit theories with self-regulation. This framework conceptualizes self-regulation in terms of 3 crucial processes: goal setting, goal operating, and goal monitoring. In this meta-analysis, we included articles that reported a quantifiable assessment of implicit theories and at least 1 self-regulatory process or outcome. With a random effects approach used, meta-analytic results (total unique N = 28,217; k = 113) across diverse achievement domains (68% academic) and populations (age range = 5-42; 10 different nationalities; 58% from United States; 44% female) demonstrated that implicit theories predict distinct self-regulatory processes, which, in turn, predict goal achievement. Incremental theories, which, in contrast to entity theories, are characterized by the belief that human attributes are malleable rather than fixed, significantly predicted goal setting (performance goals, r = -.151; learning goals, r = .187), goal operating (helpless-oriented strategies, r = -.238; mastery-oriented strategies, r = .227), and goal monitoring (negative emotions, r = -.233; expectations, r = .157). The effects for goal setting and goal operating were stronger in the presence (vs. absence) of ego threats such as failure feedback. Discussion emphasizes how the present theoretical analysis merges an implicit theory perspective with self-control theory to advance scholarship and unlock major new directions for basic and applied research. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1037/a0029531 VL - 139 IS - 3 SP - 655-701 J2 - Psychological Bulletin LA - en OP - SN - 1939-1455 0033-2909 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029531 DB - Crossref KW - implicit theories KW - self-regulation KW - self-control theory KW - achievement ER - TY - JOUR TI - Implicit Theories of Work and Job Fit: Implications for Job and Life Satisfaction AU - Burnette, Jeni L. AU - Pollack, Jeffrey M. T2 - Basic and Applied Social Psychology AB - Extending the implicit theory perspective to the domain of work, we established the factor structure of a newly developed measure and then investigated how destiny theories (potential careers are or are not “meant to be”) interact with job fit to predict job and life satisfaction. Results revealed Destiny Theory × Job Fit interaction effects. Specifically, better job fit predicted higher life satisfaction for individuals with strong (relative to weak) destiny theories. We further examined the indirect effect of the Job Fit × Destiny Theory interaction with life satisfaction through increased job satisfaction. Results supported the proposed model. DA - 2013/7// PY - 2013/7// DO - 10.1080/01973533.2013.803964 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 360-372 J2 - Basic and Applied Social Psychology LA - en OP - SN - 0197-3533 1532-4834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2013.803964 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Alliance portfolio R&D intensity and new product introduction T2 - American Journal of Business AB - Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether alliance portfolio R&D intensity contributes to biopharmaceutical firms' number of new product approvals and whether alliance portfolio R&D intensity is more positively related to the number of new product approvals for pharmaceutical firms than for biotechnology firms. Design/methodology/approach The paper employs a random effects Poisson regression model using panel data of 821 firm year observations for 146 biopharmaceutical firms operating in the USA. The robustness of results is also checked with additional analysis, provided in an appendix. Findings The results of this study show that the R&D intensity of firms' alliance portfolios is positively related to their new product introductions. It is also found that alliance portfolio R&D intensity has a more positive impact on the pharmaceutical segment of the industry's new product introductions than those of the biotechnology segment. Originality/value The authors develop and test theory about how the combined effects of two dimensions of alliance portfolio configuration (size and relationship strength) positively impact new product development. The authors propose a two dimensional alliance portfolio configuration measure, alliance portfolio R&D intensity. They combine the number of R&D alliances relative to the total number of alliances in the portfolio with the differential strength of ties associated with resource commitments required to source information from upstream and downstream alliances. DA - 2013/4/12/ PY - 2013/4/12/ DO - 10.1108/19355181311314761 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/19355181311314761 KW - Alliance portfolio KW - Dynamic capabilities KW - Product innovation KW - Innovation KW - New products ER - TY - JOUR TI - Constructing next generation academic cloud services AU - Vouk, M. A. AU - Averitt, S. F. AU - Dreher, P. AU - Kekas, D. H. AU - Kurth, A. AU - Hoit, M. A. AU - Mugge, P. AU - Peeler, A. AU - Schaffer, H. E. AU - Sills, E. D. AU - Stein, S. AU - Streck, J. AU - Thompson, J. AU - Wright, D. T2 - International Journal of Cloud Computing AB - NC State University (NCSU) is embarked on an ambitious vision to change the paradigm for higher education and research by ‘virtualising’ its award-winning Centennial Campus (creating so called vCentennial). Centennial Campus is a small city made up of NCSU research, teaching and outreach facilities, entrepreneurs, academic entities, private firms, and government agencies. NCSU wants the ability to replicate services and functionality of this physical environment and its virtual avatars ‘anywhere, anytime’ in the world using a cloud of clouds computing platform. The initial operating system for this platform is NCSU’s open source Virtual Computing Laboratory (VCL) technology. This paper provides an overview of the vision and discusses several vCentennial pilot projects. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1504/ijcc.2013.055290 VL - 2 IS - 2/3 SP - 104-122 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Leadership: Leaders, followers, environments AU - Padilla, A. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// PB - Hoboken, NJ: Wiley ER - TY - BOOK TI - Investments: Analysis and management AU - Jones, C. P. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// PB - Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons ER - TY - JOUR TI - Product-Generation Transition Decision Making for Bayer's Hemophilia Drugs: Global Capacity Expansion Under Uncertainty with Supply-Demand Imbalances AU - Stonebraker, Jeffrey S. T2 - OPERATIONS RESEARCH AB - We present an application of decision analysis to global production capacity expansion under uncertainty for Bayer Group's proposed new biotechnology drug to treat hemophilia A. This decision analysis developed an improved approach to Bayer's decision for product-generation transition and global production capacity expansion that more realistically addresses potential regional supply shortages and overages due to demand and supply uncertainties that can result in supply-demand imbalances. With the added confidence provided by this more realistic approach, Bayer's executive leadership team acted on the recommendation from the decision analysis in contrast to an earlier analysis that had not resulted in management action. The paper makes two major contributions: First, it describes the details of what is involved in conducting applied decision analysis in a real-world setting in more detail than what is typically in textbooks on decision analysis. Second, the paper illustrates the important role of economic modeling in a large-scale applied decision analysis. The approach is applicable to other product-generation transition decision making for expanding global production capacity under uncertainty in a supply-constrained environment, especially for new product introductions and new product development decisions when supply is limited. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1287/opre.2013.1204 VL - 61 IS - 5 SP - 1119-1133 SN - 0030-364X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Demand-side inertia factors and their benefits for innovativeness AU - Stanko, Michael A. AU - Bohlmann, Jonathan D. AU - Molina-Castillo, Francisco-Jose T2 - JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF MARKETING SCIENCE DA - 2013/11// PY - 2013/11// DO - 10.1007/s11747-013-0332-y VL - 41 IS - 6 SP - 649-668 SN - 1552-7824 KW - Customer-based inertia KW - Innovativeness KW - Entry order KW - New product development ER - TY - JOUR TI - EXECUTIVE PREFERENCES FOR GOVERNANCE MODES AND EXCHANGE PARTNERS: AN INFORMATION ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE AU - Reuer, Jeffrey J. AU - Tong, Tony W. AU - Tyler, Beverly B. AU - Arino, Africa T2 - STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT JOURNAL AB - This study investigates how executives address information asymmetry and adverse selection surrounding international joint ventures ( IJVs ) and acquisitions. We argue that executives can address such exchange hazards not only through their governance decisions, as prior research indicates, but also through their selection of exchange partners. Our experimental design complements prior research on firms' governance choices in three ways: (1) by incorporating multiple potential exchange partners rather than taking a single partner as given for a realized transaction; (2) by accommodating multiple potential entry modes to address interdependencies across governance structures; and (3) by providing direct evidence on executives' assessments of IJVs and acquisitions. We join together organizational governance research and decision‐making research on IJV partner selection, two literatures that have largely developed separately. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// DO - 10.1002/smj.2064 VL - 34 IS - 9 SP - 1104-1122 SN - 1097-0266 KW - international joint ventures KW - acquisitions KW - information economics KW - organizational economics KW - experiments ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: The Role of Cultural Value Orientations AU - Schilpzand, Marieke C. AU - Martins, Luis L. AU - Kirkman, Bradley L. AU - Lowe, Kevin B. AU - Chen, Zhen Xiong T2 - MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION REVIEW AB - Abstract In two studies conducted in the United States and the People's Republic of China, we examined how the effects of organizational justice perceptions on employees' organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB) are influenced by individually held cultural value orientations. In Study 1, we did not find evidence of moderation by cultural value orientation. In Study 2, we re-examined the moderated relationships and found that the relationship between procedural justice and OCB was significantly influenced by masculinity-femininity orientation and that the relationship between distributive justice and OCB was significantly moderated by power distance such that the relationships were more strongly positive when followers were more masculine and higher in power distance. Also, we extended our model to include perceived supervisor support as a mediator of the direct and moderated effects of justice perceptions on OCB. We found support for the mediation model, but did not find the moderated mediation effects we predicted. Due to the large number of non-significant findings and inconsistencies across our two studies, we conclude with recommendations for scholars who face similar challenges in their research. DA - 2013/7// PY - 2013/7// DO - 10.1111/more.12014 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 345-374 SN - 1740-8784 KW - cultural value orientations KW - organizational citizenship behaviour KW - organizational justice KW - supervisory support ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of alloying and local order in AuNi contacts for Ohmic radio frequency micro electro mechanical systems switches via multi-scale simulation AU - Gaddy, Benjamin E. AU - Kingon, Angus I. AU - Irving, Douglas L. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS AB - Ohmic RF-MEMS switches hold much promise for low power wireless communication, but long-term degradation currently plagues their reliable use. Failure in these devices occurs at the contact and is complicated by the fact that the same asperities that bear the mechanical load are also important to the flow of electrical current needed for signal processing. Materials selection holds the key to overcoming the barriers that prevent widespread use. Current efforts in materials selection have been based on the material's (or alloy's) ability to resist oxidation as well as its room-temperature properties, such as hardness and electrical conductivity. No ideal solution has yet been found via this route. This may be due, in part, to the fact that the in-use changes to the local environment of the asperity are not included in the selection criteria. For example, Joule heating would be expected to raise the local temperature of the asperity and impose a non-equilibrium thermal gradient in the same region expected to respond to mechanical actuation. We propose that these conditions should be considered in the selection process, as they would be expected to alter mechanical, electrical, and chemical mechanisms in the vicinity of the surface. To this end, we simulate the actuation of an Ohmic radio frequency micro electro mechanical systems switch by using a multi-scale method to model a current-carrying asperity in contact with a polycrystalline substrate. Our method couples continuum solutions of electrical and thermal transport equations to an underlying molecular dynamics simulation. We present simulations of gold-nickel asperities and substrates in order to evaluate the influence of alloying and local order on the early stages of contact actuation. The room temperature response of these materials is compared to the response of the material when a voltage is applied. Au-Ni interactions are accounted for through modification of the existing Zhou embedded atom method potential. The modified potential more accurately captures trends in high-temperature properties, including the enthalpy of mixing and melting temperatures. We simulate the loading of a contacting asperity to several substrates with varying Ni alloying concentrations and compare solid solution strengthening to a phase-separated system. Our simulations show that Ni concentration and configuration have an important effect on contact area, constriction resistance, thermal profiles, and material transfer. These differences suggest that a substrate with 15 at. % Ni featuring phase segregation has fewer early markers that experimentally have indicated long-term failure. DA - 2013/5/28/ PY - 2013/5/28/ DO - 10.1063/1.4804954 VL - 113 IS - 20 SP - SN - 0021-8979 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Refractive Index and Density Measurements of Peanut Oil for Determining Oleic and Linoleic Acid Contents AU - Davis, Jack P. AU - Sweigart, Daniel S. AU - Price, Kristin M. AU - Dean, Lisa L. AU - Sanders, Timothy H. T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY AB - Abstract Peanut seed are approximately 50 % oil of which >80 % is either oleic or linoleic acid. The oleic/linoleic acid ( O / L ) ratio largely influences oxidative stability and hence peanut shelf life. Traditional peanut seed have O / L ratios near 1.5–2.0; however, many new cultivars are “high oleic” with O / L ratios ≥9. During peanut seed handling, contamination among lots may occur. A cost effective method to rapidly differentiate peanut seed based on O / L ratio is needed across multiple segments of the industry, and measurements of oil density and oil refractive index (RI) were evaluated for this potential. Fatty acid profiles of samples from normal and high oleic seed lots, and blends of these oils, were determined by traditional gas chromatography analysis and this data compared to corresponding oil density and RI measurements. Oleic acid content, linoleic acid content, density and RI were all strongly linearly ( R 2 > 0.98) correlated for oil blends with O / L ratios from ~2 to 16. Threshold density or RI values both showed excellent potential for rapidly differentiating samples with an O / L ≥ 9; however, sample volume requirements preclude density measurements on single seed. DA - 2013/2// PY - 2013/2// DO - 10.1007/s11746-012-2153-4 VL - 90 IS - 2 SP - 199-206 SN - 1558-9331 KW - Density KW - Refractive index KW - Peanut KW - Peanut oil KW - High oleic KW - O/L ratio ER - TY - JOUR TI - Low fertility, human capital, and economic growth: The importance of financial education and job retraining AU - Clark, R. AU - Matsukura, R. AU - Ogawa, N. T2 - Demographic Research AB - International research has shown that workers have a rather low level of financial literacy. Financial literacy is associated with lifetime planning and saving for retirement. This article focuses on the role of financial literacy in the demand for human c DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.4054/demres.2013.29.32 VL - 29 SP - 865-884 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Impact of Front-End Innovation Activities on Product Performance AU - Markham, Stephen K. T2 - JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT AB - This paper describes and tests a model of the impact of front‐end innovation activities on product performance. Data were collected from 272 companies to test the hypothesis that front‐end performance impacts new product performance in the marketplace while controlling for new product development ( NPD ) processes and strategy. The data support the hypothesis that front‐end performance favorably and independently impacts overall product success, time to market, market penetration, and financial performance. Front‐end performance is predicted by a set of activities, including: the actual amount of front‐end work done in various areas, specifically marketing, R&D , and concept development; the existence of a front‐end process; the existence of a champion; and agreement on the order of developmental steps in the front end. Front‐end activities are related to front‐end performance, and front‐end performance is related to NPD performance. This relationship highlights the distinction between front‐end activities and standard product development practices and the importance of building competency in the front end. This is the first study that quantifies both the nature and amount of work done in the front end and relates that work to commercial performance. This research empirically demonstrates the distinction between the front‐end and formal stages and gates types of systems. This suggests that the concept of the front end needs it own set of theoretical constructs to adequately describe and predict this categorically different set of activities. While this study demonstrates the difference between front‐end and stage‐gate systems, it does not establish the limits of those activities. From a managerial point of view recognizing that formal development and front‐end activities are different mandates that these activities must be managed differently. In particular, the skills, structures, processes, governance, leadership, performance metrics, and resources must be assessed separately and differently. These findings suggest that firms should actively manage the flow of ideas from the front end into the more formal development programs. DA - 2013/12// PY - 2013/12// DO - 10.1111/jpim.12065 VL - 30 SP - 77-92 SN - 1540-5885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perspective: New Product Failure Rates: Influence of Argumentum ad Populum and Self-Interest AU - Castellion, George AU - Markham, Stephen K. T2 - JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT AB - A persistent myth in product innovation and management is that the failure rate of new products is 80% or higher. How does this false idea continue to displace the conclusions of empirical studies since 1977 that the new product failure rate is 40% or less? We examine the influence of a fallacy that encourages people's unthinking acceptance of ideas on new product failure rates and whose appeal rests primarily on an emotional, rather than a reasoned, argument. Self‐interest also plays a major role in keeping this myth alive. DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// DO - 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.01009.x VL - 30 IS - 5 SP - 976-979 SN - 0737-6782 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bank-firm relationships: do perceptions vary by gender? AU - Saparito, P. AU - Elam, A. AU - Brush, C. T2 - Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 837-858 ER - TY - CONF TI - A decision analysis model to estimate latent therapeutic demand for immunoglobulin therapy in primary immunodeficiencies AU - Stonebraker, J. AU - Farrugia, A. AU - Gathman, B. C2 - 2013/// C3 - Proceedings of the 15th Meeting of the European Society Immunodeficiencies (ESID) DA - 2013/// SP - 29-34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Interplay of Customer and Product Innovation Dynamics: An Exploratory Study AU - Bohlmann, Jonathan D. AU - Spanjol, Jelena AU - Qualls, William J. AU - Rosa, Jose A. T2 - JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT AB - The challenges of successfully developing radical or really new products have received considerable attention from a variety of marketing, strategic, and organizational perspectives. Previous research has stressed the importance of a market‐driven customer orientation, the resolution of market and technological uncertainty, and organizational processes such as cross‐functional teams and organizational learning. However, several fundamental issues have not been addressed. From a customer's perspective, a more innovative product tends to have uncertain benefits and requires customers to learn new behaviors. Customer preferences can, therefore, change as product experience and learning increase. From a firm's perspective, it is unclear how to be customer‐oriented under such dynamic preferences, and product strategies using evolving technologies will tend to interact with how customers learn about an innovation. This research focuses on identifying unresolved issues about these customer and product innovation dynamics. A conceptual framework and series of propositions are presented that relate both changing technology and customer learning to a firm's strategic decisions in developing and launching really new products. The framework is based on in‐depth interviews with high‐tech product managers across several sectors, focusing on the business‐to‐business context. The propositions resulting from the framework highlight the need to consider relevant customer dynamics as integral to a firm's product innovation process. Successful innovation strategies and future research challenges are discussed, and applications to better understanding customer needs and theories of disruptive innovation are examined. Several key insights for innovation success hinge on a broad, downstream orientation to customer needs and product innovation dynamics. To be effective innovators, firms must know their customers' customers and competitors as well as or better than their immediate customers do. Market research must extend downstream for a comprehensive understanding of customer needs dynamics. In the context of disruptive innovation, new dimensions of customer needs may become more valuable based on perceived downstream customer trends. Firms may also innovate on secondary needs because mainstream customers do not always give firms the design freedom to radically innovate on primary features. Understanding customer commitments and how they develop under evolving needs can help firms focus resources on innovative efforts more likely to be accepted by customers. DA - 2013/3// PY - 2013/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00962.x VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 228-244 SN - 1540-5885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Product Development and Management Association's 2012 Comparative Performance Assessment Study AU - Markham, Stephen K. AU - Lee, Hyunjung T2 - JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT AB - Results of Product Development and Management Association ( PDMA )'s C omparative P erformance A ssessment S tudy are presented from 453 companies. In addition to baseline questions from previous studies, new sections on culture, social media, services, sustainability, open innovation, and global product development practices are introduced. Extensive comparison between the best performing companies and the rest of the sample reveal numerous practices that lead to higher product performance in the market. Comparisons are also made between this study and previous PDMA best practices studies. In addition, geographic differences among N orth A merica, E urope, and A sia are explored. Practices leading to higher commercial performance are identified. DA - 2013/5// PY - 2013/5// DO - 10.1111/jpim.12025 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 408-429 SN - 1540-5885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative Proteomic Analysis and IgE Binding Properties of Peanut Seed and Testa (Skin) AU - White, Brittany L. AU - Goekce, Emine AU - Nepomuceno, Angelito I. AU - Muddiman, David C. AU - Sanders, Timothy H. AU - Davis, Jack P. T2 - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY AB - To investigate the protein composition and potential allergenicity of peanut testae or skins, proteome analysis was conducted using nanoLC-MS/MS sequencing. Initial amino acid analysis suggested differences in protein compositions between the blanched seed (skins removed) and skin. Phenolic compounds hindered analysis of proteins in skins when the conventional extraction method was used; therefore, phenol extraction of proteins was necessary. A total of 123 proteins were identified in blanched seed and skins, and 83 of the proteins were common between the two structures. The skins contained all of the known peanut allergens in addition to 38 proteins not identified in the seed. Multiple defense proteins with antifungal activity were identified in the skins. Western blotting using sera from peanut-allergic patients revealed that proteins extracted from both the blanched seed and skin bound significant levels of IgE. However, when phenolic compounds were present in the skin protein extract, no IgE binding was observed. These findings indicate that peanut skins contain potentially allergenic proteins; however, the presence of phenolic compounds may attenuate this effect. DA - 2013/4/24/ PY - 2013/4/24/ DO - 10.1021/jf400184y VL - 61 IS - 16 SP - 3957-3968 SN - 1520-5118 KW - IgE binding KW - LC-MS/MS KW - peanut KW - proteomics KW - skins KW - testae ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Contingency View of the Effects of Cognitive Diversity on Team Performance: The Moderating Roles of Team Psychological Safety and Relationship Conflict AU - Martins, Luis L. AU - Schilpzand, Marieke C. AU - Kirkman, Bradley L. AU - Ivanaj, Silvester AU - Ivanaj, Vera T2 - SMALL GROUP RESEARCH AB - We examined the moderating roles of team psychological safety and relationship conflict on the relationship between two forms of team cognitive diversity—expertise and expertness diversity—and team performance. We found that when team psychological safety was lower, rather than higher, expertise diversity was more negatively related to team performance, but conversely, expertness diversity was more positively related to team performance. When team relationship conflict was lower, rather than higher, expertness diversity was more positively related to team performance. Our findings advance a contingency view of the effects of cognitive diversity on team performance and suggest several implications for theory and practice. DA - 2013/4// PY - 2013/4// DO - 10.1177/1046496412466921 VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 96-126 SN - 1552-8278 KW - cognitive diversity KW - expertise diversity KW - expertness diversity KW - team performance KW - team dynamics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global organizational communities of practice: The effects of nationality diversity, psychological safety, and media richness on community performance AU - Kirkman, Bradley L. AU - Cordery, John L. AU - Mathieu, John AU - Rosen, Benson AU - Kukenberger, Michael T2 - HUMAN RELATIONS AB - Organizational communities of practice (OCoPs) are used increasingly to capitalize on valuable distributed knowledge and to fully engage the innovation potential of employees. OCoPs have become increasingly global in their reach, relying of necessity on virtual forms of interaction to engage the participation and expertise of a global workforce. An unanswered question is whether the performance of such global OCoPs may be predicted to benefit or suffer owing to their nationality diversity. Using data from over 200 members of 30 global OCoPs in a Fortune 100 US-based multinational mining and minerals processing firm, we found that nationality diversity was curvilinearly (U-shaped) related to community performance. We also found that the curvilinear relationship was moderated by psychological safety and the extent of rich communication media use. Specifically, the arc relating nationality diversity and performance became more positive at the higher end, and less negative at the lower end, to the extent that communities reported higher psychological safety and richer communication media use. DA - 2013/3// PY - 2013/3// DO - 10.1177/0018726712464076 VL - 66 IS - 3 SP - 333-362 SN - 1741-282X KW - communication media KW - communities of practice KW - nationality diversity KW - psychological safety KW - virtual ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spotlight on the Followers: An Examination of Moderators of Relationships Between Transformational Leadership and Subordinates' Citizenship and Taking Charge AU - Li, Ning AU - Chiaburu, Dan S. AU - Kirkman, Bradley L. AU - Xie, Zhitao T2 - PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY AB - Drawing on substitutes for leadership theory, we revisit an often taken-for-granted assumption that transformational leadership is a universally positive management practice by examining subordinate-based aspects attenuating the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ citizenship and taking charge. Using data collected from 196 followers and their leaders situated in 55 workgroups in 2 Chinese organizations, we found that followers’ citizenship and taking charge were not influenced by transformational leadership when followers perceived leaders as prototypical and were highly identified with their workgroups. Furthermore, following a differential pattern for citizenship and taking charge, followers’ traditionality weakened the relationship with citizenship, whereas followers’ learning goal orientation attenuated the relationship with taking charge. Introducing contingencies and specifying their underlying logic broadens the current theoretical spectrum for both substitutes for leadership and transformational leadership. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1111/peps.12014 VL - 66 IS - 1 SP - 225-260 SN - 1744-6570 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Predictable Surprise: The Unraveling of the U.S. Retirement System AU - Clark, Robert T2 - JOURNAL OF PENSION ECONOMICS & FINANCE AB - An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content. DA - 2013/1// PY - 2013/1// DO - 10.1017/s1474747212000236 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 138-139 SN - 1474-7472 ER -