TY - JOUR TI - Harming Some to Enhance Others T2 - Inquiring Into Animal Enhancement: Model Or Countermodel of Human Enhancement DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1057/9781137542472.0008 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/53439764/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - What’s Epistemology Got to Do with It? The “Death of Epistemology” in African American Studies AU - Ferguson, Stephen C AU - Ferguson, Stephen C T2 - Philosophy of African American Studies: Nothing Left of Blackness DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// SP - 159-192 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Heritage We Renounce: The Utopian Worldview of Afrocentricity AU - Ferguson, Stephen C AU - Ferguson, Stephen C T2 - Philosophy of African American Studies: Nothing Left of Blackness DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// SP - 131-158 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Afrocentric Problematic: The Quest for Particularity and the Negation of Objectivity AU - Ferguson, Stephen C AU - Ferguson, Stephen C T2 - Philosophy of African American Studies: Nothing Left of Blackness DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// SP - 59-96 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Philosophy of African American Studies: Nothing Left of Blackness AU - Ferguson, Stephen DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - New Wine in an Old Bottle? The Critique of Eurocentrism in Marimba Ani’s Yurugu AU - Ferguson, Stephen C AU - Ferguson, Stephen C T2 - Philosophy of African American Studies: Nothing Left of Blackness DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// SP - 97-129 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Class Struggle in the Ivory Towers: Revisiting the Birth of Black Studies in’68 AU - Ferguson, Stephen C AU - Ferguson, Stephen C T2 - Philosophy of African American Studies: Nothing Left of Blackness DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// SP - 15-57 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Why Science Needs Philosophy AU - Bauer, William T2 - Life as a Human DA - 2015/5/17/ PY - 2015/5/17/ UR - https://lifeasahuman.com/2015/mind-spirit/philosophy/why-science-needs-philosophy/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the ethics of social egg freezing and fertility preservation for nonmedical reasons T2 - Medicolegal and Bioethics AB - Abstract: The practice of egg freezing reached a new milestone in 2012, when the American Society for Reproductive Medicine removed its designation as “experimental”. Studies of the safety and efficacy of egg freezing led the ASRM to recommend egg freezing for patients facing infertility due to gonadotoxic therapies, but prompted continued caution against egg freezing when undertaken for nonmedical reasons. The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology has more explicitly supported nonmedical egg freezing. Ethical debate about nonmedical egg freezing raises many familiar issues, including the limits of individual autonomy when a medical technology is used for an elective reason. Concerns include commercial exploitation, pressure on women to use egg freezing, and the overall impact of egg freezing on sex inequality and professional norms. The ethical debate also calls for a more careful consideration of whether age-related fertility decline should count as a medical justification for fertility preservation. In lieu of broad consensus on these matters, this paper recommends honoring the principle of autonomy while insisting on better information about utilization and outcomes. Given the significant drop-off in success rates for women who attempt egg freezing when they are older than 38 years, full disclosure in the informed consent process must involve information about success rates by age-group. Much greater consistency and thoroughness in reporting would yield better and more generalizable data. Keywords: egg freezing, ethics, delayed childbearing, assisted reproductive technology, infertility DA - 2015/8/19/ PY - 2015/8/19/ DO - 10.2147/mb.s66444 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/mb.s66444 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Altered Because of Transgressions? The ‘Law of Deeds’ in Gal 3,19a T2 - Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft DA - 2015/1/31/ PY - 2015/1/31/ DO - 10.1515/znw-2015-0007 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znw-2015-0007 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Komeito’s Soka Gakkai Protestors and Supporters: Religious Motivations for Political Activism in Contemporary Japan AU - McLaughlin, Levi T2 - The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus DA - 2015/10/12/ PY - 2015/10/12/ VL - 13 IS - 41 SP - 4386 UR - http://japanfocus.org/-Levi-McLaughlin/4386/article.html ER - TY - BOOK TI - Do machines have prima facie duties? AU - Lucas, J. AU - Comstock, G. AB - Which moral theory should be the basis of algorithmic artificial ethical agents? In a series of papers, Anderson and Anderson and Anderson (Proc AAAI, 2008[1]; AI Mag 28(4):15–26, 2007 [2]; Minds Mach 17(1)1–10, 2007 [3]) argue that the answer is W. D. Ross’s account of prima facie duties. The Andersons claim that Ross’s account best reflects the complexities of moral deliberation, incorporates the strengths of teleological and deontological approaches, and yet is superior to both of them insofar as it allows for “needed exceptions.” We argue that the Andersons are begging the question about “needed exceptions” and defend Satisficing Hedonistic Act Utilitarianism (SHAU). SHAU initially delivers results that are just as reflective, if not more reflective than, Ross’s account when it comes to the subtleties of moral decision-making. Furthermore, SHAU delivers the ‘right’ (that is, intuitively correct) judgments about well-established practical cases, reaching the same verdict as a prima facie duty-based ethic in the particular health-care case explored by the Andersons (a robot designed to know when to over-ride an elderly patient’s autonomy). DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-08108-3_6 VL - 74 SE - 79-92 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84921461013&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Harming Some to Enhance Others AU - Comstock, Gary T2 - Inquiring into Animal Enhancement AB - Generally speaking, we modify animals’ genomes to give their progeny traits that will indirectly improve human life. So-called intentional genetic ‘enhancements’ of animals, then, usually make the target animals worse-off. What rules should govern animal experimentation in which we harm some directly to enhance others indirectly? I criticize the abolitionist conclusions of animal rightists that all animal enhancements should be banned, and I criticize the permissive conclusions of speciesists that all such procedures should be allowed. I argue that current animal welfare law provides a defensible platform on which to begin building ethically justifiable policy in this area. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1057/9781137542472_4 SP - 49-78 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Cognitive enhancement: A glance at the future and ethical considerations AU - Dubljević, V. T2 - Cognitive Enhancement A2 - Knafo, S. A2 - Venero, C. PY - 2015/// SP - 343–365 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP TI - Regulation of cognition enhancement drugs and public reason: prohibition or economic disincentives model? AU - Dubljević, V. T2 - Human Self-design with Biotechnology, (Tübingen Studies in Ethics) A2 - Ranisch, R. A2 - Schuol, S. A2 - Rockoff, M. PY - 2015/// SP - 289–304 PB - Francke Attempto Verlag SN - 9783772085468 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Scholar-Administrator: Vyacheslav S. Stepin and His Contributions to Philosophy AU - Bykova, Marina F. T2 - Russian Studies in Philosophy DA - 2015/4/3/ PY - 2015/4/3/ DO - 10.1080/10611967.2015.1123539 VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 111-114 J2 - Russian Studies in Philosophy LA - en OP - SN - 1061-1967 1558-0431 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10611967.2015.1123539 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Morality in Politics: the Moral Framework in Kant’s Political Philosophy and Contemporary Europe T2 - Die Philosophie und Europa. Zur Kategoriengeschichte der "europäischen Einigung PY - 2015/// SP - 43–66 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Editor's Introduction AU - Bykova, Marina F. T2 - Russian Studies in Philosophy DA - 2015/1// PY - 2015/1// DO - 10.1080/10611967.2014.1030315 VL - 52 IS - 4 SP - 1-8 J2 - Russian Studies in Philosophy LA - en OP - SN - 1061-1967 1558-0431 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10611967.2014.1030315 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Question of the Human: On the Role of the Human Sciences in Contemporary World AU - Bykova, Marina F. T2 - Russian Studies in Philosophy AB - In referring to the contemporary world, we often tend to think of it mainly in terms of globalization and technological advances. Yet what the notion of the contemporary world denotes is the presen... DA - 2015/7/3/ PY - 2015/7/3/ DO - 10.1080/10611967.2015.1147312 VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 191-195 J2 - Russian Studies in Philosophy LA - en OP - SN - 1061-1967 1558-0431 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10611967.2015.1147312 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - On Nikolai Berdyaev and His Philosophical Thought AU - Bykova, Marina F. T2 - Russian Studies in Philosophy DA - 2015/10/2/ PY - 2015/10/2/ DO - 10.1080/10611967.2015.1154402 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 255-259 J2 - Russian Studies in Philosophy LA - en OP - SN - 1061-1967 1558-0431 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10611967.2015.1154402 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lost in Interpretation: Autonomy and What Patients Tell Versus What Is Inferred AU - Dubljević, Veljko T2 - The American Journal of Bioethics DA - 2015/8/25/ PY - 2015/8/25/ DO - 10.1080/15265161.2015.1062168 VL - 15 IS - 9 SP - 28-30 J2 - The American Journal of Bioethics LA - en OP - SN - 1526-5161 1536-0075 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2015.1062168 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cognitive enhancement with methylphenidate and modafinil: conceptual advances and societal implications AU - Dubljevic, Veljko AU - Ryan, Christopher T2 - Neuroscience and Neuroeconomics AB - Abstract: “Cognition enhancement” (CE) drugs are pharmaceuticals taken by healthy people with the aim of sustaining attention, augmenting memory, or improving other cognitive capacities. This paper focuses on two CE drugs – methylphenidate and modafinil. It analyzes their mechanism of action, the evidence for their efficacy in nonsleep deprived individuals, and reviews their adverse effects. It then addresses the normative stances and social issues surrounding CE drug use. Currently, there is little evidence that either methylphenidate or modafinil provide any useful cognitive enhancement to well-rested users. However, it is very possible that future research may reveal cognitive benefits for these agents or for other pharmaceuticals. Public attitudes on CE mirror those evident in academic debate. Even though the majority seem to be opposed to enhancement based on issues of authenticity, utility, and fairness, a steady minority take the view that cognitive enhancer usage is both acceptable and fair. Current legal regimes do not adequately address the social phenomenon of CE use. While the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances defines limits of methylphenidate use across the globe, no such guide exists for modafinil. Keywords: cognitive enhancement, psychopharmacological neuroenhancement, Ritalin, Provigil, neuroethics DA - 2015/8// PY - 2015/8// DO - 10.2147/nan.s61925 VL - 8 SP - 25 J2 - NAN LA - en OP - SN - 2230-3561 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/nan.s61925 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - What is Cognitive Enhancement? AU - Dubljević, Veljko AU - Venero, César AU - Knafo, Shira T2 - Cognitive Enhancement AB - “Cognitive enhancement” is commonly associated with drug use or the use of devices to improve cognition, technologies that have on the whole been established in laboratory animals or through a history of use in humans. In this chapter we aim to clarify the concept underlying “cognitive enhancement” and to provide a brief overview of the current use of this term in the academic literature, distinguishing the strategies to enhance cognitive function under normal conditions and the therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming cognitive impairment. In addition, we will briefly review the various approaches to cognitive enhancement later described in this book. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1016/b978-0-12-417042-1.00001-2 SP - 1-9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cognitive Enhancement AU - Dubljević, Veljko T2 - Cognitive Enhancement AB - “Cognitive enhancement” refers to the use of drugs or devices for non–health-related improvement of cognition. Most cognitive enhancers have either been developed in model animals or they have a history of use in humans. While many specific issues related to existing cognitive enhancers remain unanswered (e.g., properties, prevalence, modalities, reasons for use, likely future developments) the normative issues surrounding their use (i.e., should they be used, for what, and by whom) are perhaps the most contentious. A range of normative issues (e.g., authenticity) have been discussed in the literature, but this chapter provides a short overview of the positions adopted on a key normative issue; whether the use of cognitive enhancement is a form of cheating. We also discuss the regulation of cognitive enhancers using fictional yet realistic scenarios and, finally, we analyze the policy options for existing and future cognitive enhancers, discussing the legal and methodological challenges faced in developing a legitimate, evidence-based regulatory policy. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1016/b978-0-12-417042-1.00013-9 SP - 343-365 ER - TY - CHAP TI - The Mars and Venus Effect: The Influence of User Gender on the Effectiveness of Adaptive Task Support AU - Vail, Alexandria Katarina AU - Boyer, Kristy Elizabeth AU - Wiebe, Eric N. AU - Lester, James C. T2 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science AB - Providing adaptive support to users engaged in learning tasks is the central focus of intelligent tutoring systems. There is evidence that female and male users may benefit differently from adaptive support, yet it is not understood how to most effectively adapt task support to gender. This paper reports on a study with four versions of an intelligent tutoring system for introductory computer programming offering different levels of cognitive (conceptual and problem-solving) and affective (motivational and engagement) support. The results show that female users reported significantly more engagement and less frustration with the affective support system than with other versions. In a human tutorial dialogue condition used for comparison, a consistent difference was observed between females and males. These results suggest the presence of the Mars and Venus Effect, a systematic difference in how female and male users benefit from cognitive and affective adaptive support. The findings point toward design principles to guide the development of gender-adaptive intelligent tutoring systems. PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-20267-9_22 SP - 265-276 OP - PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 9783319202662 9783319202679 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20267-9_22 DB - Crossref KW - Gender effects KW - Adaptive support KW - Intelligent tutoring systems KW - Affect KW - Engagement KW - Frustration ER - TY - CHAP TI - Diagrammatic Student Models: Modeling Student Drawing Performance with Deep Learning AU - Smith, Andy AU - Min, Wookhee AU - Mott, Bradford W. AU - Lester, James C. T2 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science AB - Recent years have seen a growing interest in the role that student drawing can play in learning. Because drawing has been shown to contribute to students’ learning and increase their engagement, developing student models to dynamically support drawing holds significant promise. To this end, we introduce diagrammatic student models, which reason about students’ drawing trajectories to generate a series of predictions about their conceptual knowledge based on their evolving sketches. The diagrammatic student modeling framework utilizes deep learning, a family of machine learning methods based on a deep neural network architecture, to reason about sequences of student drawing actions encoded with temporal and topological features. An evaluation of the deep-learning-based diagrammatic student models suggests that it can predict student performance more accurately and earlier than competitive baseline approaches. PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-20267-9_18 SP - 216-227 OP - PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 9783319202662 9783319202679 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20267-9_18 DB - Crossref KW - Student modeling KW - Intelligent tutoring systems KW - Deep learning ER - TY - CHAP TI - Modeling Self-Efficacy Across Age Groups with Automatically Tracked Facial Expression AU - Grafsgaard, Joseph F. AU - Lee, Seung Y. AU - Mott, Bradford W. AU - Boyer, Kristy Elizabeth AU - Lester, James C. T2 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science AB - Affect plays a central role in learning. Students’ facial expressions are key indicators of affective states and recent work has increasingly used automated facial expression tracking technologies as a method of affect detection. However, there has not been an investigation of facial expressions compared across age groups. The present study collected facial expressions of college and middle school students in the Crystal Island game-based learning environment. Facial expressions were tracked using the Computer Expression Recognition Toolbox and models of self-efficacy for each age group highlighted differences in facial expressions. Age-specific findings such as these will inform the development of enriched affect models for broadening populations of learners using affect-sensitive learning environments. PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-19773-9_67 SP - 582-585 OP - PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 9783319197722 9783319197739 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19773-9_67 DB - Crossref KW - Affect KW - Facial expression recognition KW - Nonverbal behavior KW - Self-efficacy KW - Game-based learning environments ER - TY - CHAP TI - Improving Student Problem Solving in Narrative-Centered Learning Environments: a Modular Reinforcement Learning Framework AU - Rowe, Jonathan P. AU - Lester, James C. T2 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science AB - Narrative-centered learning environments comprise a class of game-based learning environments that embed problem solving in interactive stories. A key challenge posed by narrative-centered learning is dynamically tailoring story events to enhance student learning. In this paper, we investigate the impact of a data-driven tutorial planner on students’ learning processes in a narrative-centered learning environment, Crystal Island. We induce the tutorial planner by employing modular reinforcement learning, a multi-goal extension of classical reinforcement learning. To train the planner, we collected a corpus from 453 middle school students who used Crystal Island in their classrooms. Afterward, we investigated the induced planner’s impact in a follow-up experiment with another 75 students. The study revealed that the induced planner improved students’ problem-solving processes—including hypothesis testing and information gathering behaviors—compared to a control condition, suggesting that modular reinforcement learning is an effective approach for tutorial planning in narrative-centered learning environments. PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-19773-9_42 SP - 419-428 OP - PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 9783319197722 9783319197739 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19773-9_42 DB - Crossref KW - Narrative-centered learning environments KW - Tutorial planning KW - Modular reinforcement learning KW - Game-based learning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Liberals, radicals, and the original position AU - Hinton, T. T2 - Original position AB - Although political philosophy has been dominated by liberalism ever since the publication of TJ, this hegemony has not gone unchallenged by radicals. For the most part, the disputes between liberals and radicals have focused on matters of principle, including deep disagreements over how best to understand the central values of liberty and equality. As significant as these substantive disagreements are, there are equally important methodological differences between liberals and radicals that have not been the focus of as much philosophical attention. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1017/cbo9781107375321.009 SP - 159-178 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Introduction: the original position and The Original Position - an overview AU - Hinton, T. T2 - Original position AB - John Rawls's idea of the original position – arguably the centerpiece of his theory of justice – has proved to have enduring philosophical significance for at least three reasons. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1017/cbo9781107375321.001 SP - 1- ER - TY - CONF TI - Leveraging collaboration to improve gender equity in a game-based learning environment for middle school computer science AU - Buffum, P. S. AU - Frankosky, M. AU - Boyer, K. E. AU - Wiebe, E. AU - Mott, B. AU - Lester, J. AB - Game-based learning environments can deliver robust learning gains and also have a unique capacity to engage students. Yet they can unintentionally disadvantage students with less prior gaming experience. This is especially concerning in computer science education, as certain underrepresented groups (such as female students) may on average have less prior experience with games. This paper presents evidence that a collaborative gameplay approach can successfully address this problem at the middle school level. In an iterative, designed-based research study, we first used an experimental pilot study to investigate the nature of collaboration in the Engage game-based learning environment, and then deployed Engage in a full classroom study to measure its effectiveness at serving all students. In earlier phases of the intervention, male students outpaced their female peers in learning gains. However, female students caught up during a multi-week classroom implementation. These findings provide evidence that a collaborative gameplay approach may, over time, compensate for gender differences in experience and lead to equitable learning experiences within game-based learning environments for computer science education. C2 - 2015/// C3 - 2015 Research in Equity and Sustained Participation in Engineering, Computing, and Technology (RESPECT) DA - 2015/// DO - 10.1109/respect.2015.7296496 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The adaptable Jesus of the fourth gospel: The pedagogy of the logos AU - Sturdevant, J. S. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// PB - Boston: Brill SN - 9789004302501 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Judaism and Christianity in the patristic comments of Genesis AU - Sturdevant, J. T2 - Journal of Theological Studies DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 66 SP - 814-816 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Two Modes Are Better Than One: A Multimodal Assessment Framework Integrating Student Writing and Drawing AU - Leeman-Munk, Samuel AU - Smith, Andy AU - Mott, Bradford AU - Wiebe, Eric AU - Lester, James T2 - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION, AIED 2015 AB - We are beginning to see the emergence of advanced automated assessment techniques that evaluate expressive student artifacts such as free-form written responses and sketches. These approaches have largely operated individually, each considering only a single mode. We hypothesize that there are synergies to be leveraged in multimodal assessments that can integrate multiple modalities of student responses to create a more complete and accurate picture of a student’s knowledge. In this paper, we introduce a novel multimodal assessment framework that integrates two techniques for automatically analyzing student artifacts: a deep learning-based model for assessing student writing, and a topology-based model for assessing student drawing. An evaluation of the framework with elementary students’ writing and drawing assessments demonstrate that 1) each of the framework’s two modalities provides an independent and complementary measure of student science learning, and 2) together, the multimodal framework significantly outperforms either uni-modal approach individually, demonstrating the potential synergistic benefits of multimodal assessment. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-19773-9_21 VL - 9112 SP - 205-215 SN - 1611-3349 KW - Formative assessment KW - Multimodal assessment KW - Student writing analysis KW - Student sketch analysis ER - TY - CONF TI - The Mars and Venus effect: The influence of user gender on the effectiveness of adaptive task support AU - Vail, A. K. AU - Boyer, K. E. AU - Wiebe, E. N. AU - Lester, J. C. C2 - 2015/// C3 - User modeling, adaptation and personalization DA - 2015/// VL - 9146 SP - 265-276 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mind the Gap: Improving Gender Equity in Game-Based Learning Environments with Learning Companions AU - Buffum, Philip Sheridan AU - Boyer, Kristy Elizabeth AU - Wiebe, Eric N. AU - Mott, Bradford W. AU - Lester, James C. T2 - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION, AIED 2015 AB - Game-based learning environments hold great promise for engaging learners. Yet game mechanics can initially pose barriers for students with less prior gaming experience. This paper examines game-based learning for a population of middle school learners in the US, where female students tend to have less gaming experience than male students. In a pilot study with an early version of Engage, a game-based learning environment for middle school computer science education, female students reported higher initial frustration. To address this critical issue, we developed a prototype learning companion designed specifically to reduce frustration through the telling of autobiographical stories. In a pilot study of two 7th grade classrooms, female students responded especially positively to the learning companion, eliminating the gender gap in reported frustration. The results suggest that introducing learning companions can directly contribute to making the benefits of game-based learning equitable for all learners. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-19773-9_7 VL - 9112 SP - 64-73 SN - 1611-3349 KW - Learning companions KW - Game-based learning KW - Gender ER - TY - JOUR TI - DeepStealth: Leveraging Deep Learning Models for Stealth Assessment in Game-Based Learning Environments AU - Min, Wookhee AU - Frankosky, Megan H. AU - Mott, Bradford W. AU - Rowe, Jonathan P. AU - Wiebe, Eric AU - Boyer, Kristy Elizabeth AU - Lester, James C. T2 - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION, AIED 2015 AB - A distinctive feature of intelligent game-based learning environments is their capacity for enabling stealth assessment. Stealth assessments gather information about student competencies in a manner that is invisible, and enable drawing valid inferences about student knowledge. We present a framework for stealth assessment that leverages deep learning, a family of machine learning methods that utilize deep artificial neural networks, to infer student competencies in a game-based learning environment for middle grade computational thinking, Engage. Students’ interaction data, collected during a classroom study with Engage, as well as prior knowledge scores, are utilized to train deep networks for predicting students’ post-test performance. Results indicate deep networks that are pre-trained using stacked denoising autoencoders achieve high predictive accuracy, significantly outperforming standard classification techniques such as support vector machines and naïve Bayes. The findings suggest that deep learning shows considerable promise for automatically inducing stealth assessment models for intelligent game-based learning environments. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-19773-9_28 VL - 9112 SP - 277-286 SN - 1611-3349 KW - Game-based learning environments KW - Stealth assessment KW - Deep learning KW - Computational thinking KW - Educational games ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Path Through the Decades On the Philosophical Work of Nelly V. Motroshilova AU - Sineokaya, Julia V. AU - Bykova, Marina F. T2 - RUSSIAN STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY AB - The article highlights the main contributions made by Nelly V. Motroshilova to Russian scholarship in the history of philosophy. It offers an overview of her philosophical ideas and contentions as they are presented in her scholarly work. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1080/10611967.2014.1030322 VL - 52 IS - 4 SP - 9-16 SN - 1558-0431 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84938829404&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond the Mushroom Cloud: Commemoration, Religion, and Responsibility after Hiroshima. AU - McLaughlin, Levi T2 - JOURNAL OF JAPANESE STUDIES AB - Reviewed by: Beyond the Mushroom Cloud: Commemoration, Religion, and Responsibility after Hiroshima by Yuki Miyamoto Levi McLaughlin (bio) Beyond the Mushroom Cloud: Commemoration, Religion, and Responsibility after Hiroshima. By Yuki Miyamoto. Fordham University Press, Bronx, 2012. xvi, 233 pages. $85.00, cloth; $30.00, paper. Yuki Miyamoto’s thought-provoking book analyzes a wide array of philosophical, religious, popular media, museum, and governmental efforts that give voice to the lives of hibakusha: survivors of the atomic bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Beyond the Mushroom Cloud compellingly mixes [End Page 153] the analytical and the prescriptive as it proceeds from ethical interpretations of the atrocities at Hiroshima and Nagasaki toward a demand for universal responsibility to join what Miyamoto refers to as an “inclusive community of memory.” This community enjoins everyone, not only hibakusha, to promote Hiroshima’s challenging postwar moral imperative of “not retaliation, but reconciliation.” Scholars have already addressed some of the issues Miyamoto engages, such as the nature of atomic bomb site remembrance,1 controversy that surrounds commemoration of the war dead,2 and dilemmas occasioned by relying on Japan’s religious traditions as resources for peace.3 Beyond the Mushroom Cloud casts a wider net than almost all of these studies: it draws inventively on a broad range of Japanese texts and ideas from ethicists inside and outside Japan to suggest possibilities inherent within hibakusha narratives to erase distinctions between victim and victimizer, and even between the living and the dead. Miyamoto splits her book into three sections. “Commemoration,” the first and strongest section, opens with chapter 1, “Toward a Community of Memory,” which Miyamoto begins with a discussion of outrage triggered by the 1995 Smithsonian exhibition that displayed both the Enola Gay (the aircraft that dropped Little Boy on Hiroshima) and Japanese testimonials of the atomic bombing. She turns to Avishai Margalit’s work on memory and community, acknowledging the difficult task of moving beyond “thick” relations of natural communities (one’s own family, nation, and/or ethnicity) to apply the Good Samaritan’s principle of selfless love of fellow human beings in order to foster universal ethical relations. Miyamoto asserts that the dangers of nuclear weapons pose such an overwhelming existential threat to humankind that the community-specific experiences of Japanese hibakusha translate across divides, and that the nation-state—which Margalit proposes as a natural forum—is demonstrably not the most desirable location for a community of memory. She suggests that municipally generated efforts to establish Hiroshima’s Peace Memorial Park and Museum serve as an inspiring example of how a community of memory may transcend nation-centered [End Page 154] politics. Self-reflection evident in the museum presentations and in advocacy by Hiroshima’s municipal politicians acknowledges ambiguous identities of hibakusha as victims and perpetrators, and their identity as survivors who are not necessarily Japanese. These efforts have enabled Hiroshima to present itself outside national frameworks as a model for transcending ideological, class, and religious differences. “Commemoration” continues with chapter 2 in which Miyamoto lays out a persuasive critique of Sueki Fumihiko’s comparative analysis of Yasukuni Shrine to the war dead and Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park with her own comparison of the two sites. She deftly dismantles Sueki’s positive assessment of Yasukuni as she extends some of his ideas, notably the principle of “transethics” and the importance of fostering a dialogue with the dead in order to cultivate ethics in the living. Sueki, in his 2006 book Bukkyō vs. rinri (Buddhism versus ethics), castigates what he perceives as Buddhism’s failure to take death seriously in its progressively modernizing, rationalizing forms. By positing stark differentiation between the living and spirits of the dead, modern Buddhism limits ethical discourse to the human relations of the living, thereby blocking a Buberian I / Thou relationship with the dead that appreciates forces beyond man-made comprehension—a transcendence Sueki calls “transethics” (chōrinri). Sueki praises Yasukuni for what he sees as the transethical manner in which the shrine communes with spirits, and he criticizes the Hiroshima memorial’s nonreligious cenotaph as arrogant mistreatment of the dead that leaves them sitting in silence rather than engaging them through religious ritual. Miyamoto strongly resists Sueki’s claims... DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1353/jjs.2015.0009 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 153-158 SN - 1549-4721 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Neither Adaptive Thinking nor Reverse Engineering: methods in the evolutionary social sciences AU - Driscoll, Catherine T2 - BIOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY DA - 2015/1// PY - 2015/1// DO - 10.1007/s10539-014-9466-7 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 59-75 SN - 1572-8404 KW - Evolutionary psychology KW - Human behavioral ecology KW - Adaptive Thinking KW - Reverse Engineering KW - Optimality models KW - Adaptationism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Do machines have prima facie duties? AU - Lucas, J. AU - Comstock, G. T2 - Machine medical ethics DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 74 SP - 79-92 ER -