TY - CONF TI - Initial experiments in thrusterless locomotion control of a free-flying robot AU - Jasper, W.J. AU - Cannon, R.H., Jr. T2 - Symposium, ASME Winter Annual Meeting C2 - 1990/// C3 - Advances in dynamics and control of flexible spacecraft and space-based manipulations; Proceedings of the Symposium, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX, Nov. 25-30, 1990 CY - Dallas, TX DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/11/25/ SP - 29–33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE SURFACE OF THE TAIL IN OPEN-END FRICTION SPINNING AU - LORD, PR AU - RUST, JP T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1080/00405009008658334 VL - 81 IS - 1 SP - 100-103 SN - 0040-5000 ER - TY - CONF TI - Some thought on the compressional behavior of fiber assemblies AU - Batra, S.K. AU - Mohamed, M.H. AU - Udomkichdecha, W. C2 - 1990/// C3 - Nonwovens: Proceedings of the International Seminar, Jsanuary 22 & 23, 1990 and other Presentations DA - 1990/// PB - Bombay : Bombay Textile Research Association ER - TY - CONF TI - Basic aspects related to assessment of fiber characteristics in mixtures AU - Batra, S.K. AU - Zeidman, M.I. C2 - 1990/// C3 - Cotton Incorporated 3rd Engineered Fiber Selection Research Forum: Proceedings: November 8-9, 1990 DA - 1990/// PB - Raleigh, N.C. : Cotton Inc. ER - TY - JOUR TI - USE OF CARBON-DIOXIDE LASER IN IMPROVING KNOT SECURITY IN POLYESTER SUTURES AU - GUPTA, BS AU - MILAM, BL AU - PATTY, RR T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS AB - Abstract Knot slippage continues to be a serious concern in surgery. This study explored the possibility of improving knot performance by exposing it to radiation from a CO 2 laser. The specimens were mounted in a special device and exposed in a predetermined position for precisely controlled lengths of time. In the first set of experiments, the welding of ends was examined in nylon and polyester sutures. Although the welding was easily achieved, the joint was found brittle and its strength lower than that of a surgical knot. In the next set of experiments, the work was performed at a more fundamental level using oriented, high density, polyester films. The results showed that up to a certain level of exposure the tensile properties did not change, but beyond it a rapid decay took place. Shear tests on polyester sutures twisted together and then exposed to various levels of energy indicated that a bond of maximum strength developed at this exposure. Mersilene sutures of size 3/0 containing a two throw square knot when exposed to energy of this level produced optimal results. The knot strength increased by about 16% (from 13.4 N unexposed to 15.6 N exposed) and the slippage often known to occur in a two‐throw knot was completely absent. This work performed under standard atmospheric conditions provided a direction for greatly enhancing the performance of a two‐throw knot in terms of both the security and the strength. The investigation, however, must now be extended to other suture materials and sizes and to in vivo environments to realize the gain in actual surgery. DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1002/jab.770010204 VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 121-125 SN - 1045-4861 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Some interesting substituent effects in merocyanine dyes AU - Freeman, H.S. AU - McIntosh, S.A. T2 - Education in Chemistry DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 79 ER - TY - CONF TI - A comparison of the Cerifil system and ring spinning with particular reference to end-breaks AU - Huang, X.C. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Grosberg, P. C2 - 1990/// C3 - Proceedings of the 8th International Wool Textile Research Conference : 7-14th February 1990 Christchurch, New Zealand DA - 1990/// VL - 3 SP - 468-479 PB - Christchurch, N.Z.: Wool Research Organisation of New Zealand ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE BENDING BEHAVIOR OF PLAIN-WOVEN FABRICS .3. THE CASE OF BILINEAR THREAD-BENDING BEHAVIOR AND THE EFFECT OF FABRIC SET AU - GHOSH, TK AU - BATRA, SK AU - BARKER, RL T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - In the preceding paper, an elastica-based computational model of the bending behaviour of plain-woven fabrics assuming linear bending behaviour of the constituent threads, together with appropriate computational techniques, was described. In the present paper, bilinear thread-bending behaviour, as proposed by Huang, is considered. In the first model, the threads were considered to be unset, i.e., if released from the fabric, they would straighten out completely, but in the present paper varying degrees of set are considered for both the earlier model and the present model. The computational scheme developed requires the minimum interference from the user to solve the associated boundary-value problems. Contrary to the earlier work of Skelton and Schoppee, the model predicts an increase in contact forces at the thread-crossover points owing to increasing fabric curvature. This increase is found to be larger for fabrics with higher degrees of set and is in agreement with the observations made by G.M. Abbott, Grosberg, and Leaf. The model also predicts a higher fabric-bending rigidity for an increase in the degree of set. This is in contradiction to earlier observations. The calculated fabric-bending rigidity is generally higher than experimentally obtained values. This is found to be a consequence of yarn cross-sectional deformation during fabric formation or in later processes, even for monofilament woven fabrics. DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1080/00405009008658710 VL - 81 IS - 3 SP - 272-287 SN - 1754-2340 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE BENDING BEHAVIOR OF PLAIN-WOVEN FABRICS .2. THE CASE OF LINEAR THREAD-BENDING BEHAVIOR AU - GHOSH, TK AU - BATRA, SK AU - BARKER, RL T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - In the preceding paper, a critical review of the state of knowledge of the bending behaviour of yarns and woven fabrics was reported. In the present one, an elastica-based computational model of plain-woven fabrics in pure bending is developed. The thread moment/curvature relation is considered to be linear. Various contact conditions at the thread-crossover points are also considered. The threads are further considered to be unset, i.e., if released from the fabric, they would be completely uncrimped. The computational scheme developed requires the minimum interference from the user to solve the associated boundary-value problems. DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1080/00405009008658709 VL - 81 IS - 3 SP - 255-271 SN - 1754-2340 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE BENDING BEHAVIOR OF PLAIN-WOVEN FABRICS .1. A CRITICAL-REVIEW AU - GHOSH, TK AU - BATRA, SK AU - BARKER, RL T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - The mechanics of the bending of yarns and woven fabrics have received considerable attention in the literature. Efforts have been made to obtain analytical relations between yarn-bending behaviour and constituent-fibre properties. In the case of fabrics, the objectives have been to obtain analytical relations between fabric-bending behaviour and constituent-fibre behaviour or yarn behaviour, on the assumption of a given geometrical disposition of fibres or yarns in the fabric. In this paper, a review of these efforts is made. Comparisons of the theoretical models with available experimental observations are discussed. DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1080/00405009008658708 VL - 81 IS - 3 SP - 245-254 SN - 1754-2340 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Report on a project aimed at increasing the strength of friction spun yarn by using a false twist process AU - Xu, F. AU - Oxenham, W. T2 - Journal of China Textile University DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 8-19 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EDGE EFFECT ON RADIATION EFFICIENCY OF A BAFFLED BEAM BELOW THE CRITICAL FREQUENCY AU - PENG, H AU - BANKSLEE, P T2 - JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA AB - The radiation efficiency of a beam is theoretically determined from the total acoustic power radiated from the vibrating surface. The beam is supported in an infinite baffle, with edges constrained by either rotational or translational springs. Asymptotic solutions are derived for frequencies well below the critical frequency (KL≪1). In the range of KL<1, the asymptotic solutions are validated by numerical evaluation. For comparison, the low-frequency solutions are normalized by dividing them by the radiation efficiency of a beam with hinged supports. Numerical results show that a beam with edges constrained by soft springs may generate higher radiation efficiency than one with edges constrained by stiff springs. For a beam with edges constrained by translational springs, the maximum value of normalized efficiency ratio asymptotically approaches 2 as the mode number tends to infinity. For a beam with edges constrained by rotational springs, the radiation may be higher than that of a clamped beam. This phenomenon exists only for low-order modes. DA - 1990/10// PY - 1990/10// DO - 10.1121/1.400173 VL - 88 IS - 4 SP - 2001-2006 SN - 0001-4966 ER - TY - CONF TI - The photodegradation of cotton dyeings in the presence of binary mixtures of direct dyes AU - Gavor, M.E. AU - King, M.W. C2 - 1990/// C3 - Biodeterioration and biodegradation 8: proceedings of the 8th International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Symposium, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, 26-31 August 1990 DA - 1990/// PB - New York: Elsevier Applied Science SN - 9781851666263 ER - TY - CONF TI - The design of non-mutagenic replacements for some mutagenic dyes and dye intermediates AU - Freeman, H.S. AU - Esancy, J.F. AU - Esancy, M.K. AU - Claxton, L.D. C2 - 1990/// C3 - Book of papers: 1990 international conference & exhibition, October 1-3, Sheraton Boston Hotel, Boston, Mass. DA - 1990/// SP - 180-188 PB - Research Triangle Park, N.C.: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists ER - TY - CONF TI - The biodegradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) structures implanted in humans AU - King, M.W. AU - Chen, R. AU - Guidoin, R. AU - Courbier, R. C2 - 1990/// C3 - Biodeterioration and biodegradation 8: proceedings of the 8th International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Symposium, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, 26-31 August 1990 DA - 1990/// PB - New York: Elsevier Applied Science SN - 9781851666263 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Structure activity analysis of azo dyes and related compounds AU - Claxton, L.D. AU - Walsh, D.B. AU - Esancy, J.F. AU - Freeman, H.S. T2 - Mutation and the environment: proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Environmental Mutagens, held in Cleveland, Ohio, July 10-15, 1989 (Pt. B) A2 - M. L. Mendelsohn, A2 - Albertini, R. J. PY - 1990/// PB - New York: Wiley-Liss SN - 9780471567929 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Improving the bond strength of Spectra 900 and Spectra 1000 high strength polyethylene fibers by chemical etching AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Ulcay, Y. AU - Block, I. T2 - Composite material technology, 1990: presented at the Thirteenth Annual Energy-Sources Technology Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 14-18, 1990 A2 - D. Hui, A2 - Kozik, T.J. PY - 1990/// SP - 23-27 PB - New York, N.Y.: American Society of Mechanical Engineers SN - 9780791804568 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Elastic properties of acrylic bone cements reinforced with ultra high strength polyethylene fibers: The effect of bond strength AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Ulcay, Y. AU - Wagner, H.D. T2 - Composite material technology, 1990: presented at the Thirteenth Annual Energy-Sources Technology Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, Louisiana, January 14-18, 1990 A2 - D. Hui, A2 - Kozik, T.J. PY - 1990/// SP - 131-137 PB - New York, N.Y.: American Society of Mechanical Engineers SN - 9780791804568 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE SYNTHESIS OF DISPERSE AND CATIONIC DYES FROM ACID DYE STRUCTURES AU - SOKOLOWSKAGAJDA, J AU - FREEMAN, HS T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - This paper is concerned with the conversion of some mono- and di-sulfonated naphthol azo dyes to disperse dyes suitable for poly(ethyleneterephthalate) fibers, and cationic dyes for cationic dyeable polyester and acrylic fibers. The chemical structure of these new dyes has been confirmed by 1H-NMR, FAB or DCI mass spectrometry, and in some cases by elemental analysis. Some fastness properties and absorption spectral data of both types of dyes are also reported, as well as an interesting limitation in the naphthalene-based acid dyes suitable for the described conversion. DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1016/0143-7208(90)87004-M VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 35-48 SN - 0143-7208 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE EFFECT OF ALKOXY SUBSTITUENTS ON THE MUTAGENICITY OF SOME PHENYLENEDIAMINE-BASED DISAZO DYES AU - ESANCY, JF AU - FREEMAN, HS AU - CLAXTON, LD T2 - MUTATION RESEARCH AB - 16 phenylenediamine-based disazo dyes were examined in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay with strains TA98, TA100 and TA1538. All of the dyes contain an alkoxy group ortho to one of the azo linkages. Increasing the size of this alkoxy substituent from 1 to 4 carbons led to a decrease in mutagenic activity in certain instances while no change was noted in other cases. Comparison of the mutagenicity of the disazo dyes with their potential reductive-cleavage products suggests that (1) the reductive-cleavage products are not solely responsible for the mutagenicity of the disazo dyes, and (2) significant reductive-cleavage of the disazo dyes is not taking place in the standard Salmonella assay. DA - 1990/1// PY - 1990/1// DO - 10.1016/0165-1110(90)90037-C VL - 238 IS - 1 SP - 23-38 SN - 0921-8262 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE EFFECT OF ALKOXY SUBSTITUENTS ON THE MUTAGENICITY OF SOME AMINOAZOBENZENE DYES AND THEIR REDUCTIVE-CLEAVAGE PRODUCTS AU - ESANCY, JF AU - FREEMAN, HS AU - CLAXTON, LD T2 - MUTATION RESEARCH AB - 15 aminoazobenzene dyes and 7 of their reductive-cleavage products were examined in the Salmonella/microsome assay with strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538. Dyes tested included 5 derivatives of 4-aminoazobenzene with different alkoxy substituents (-OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -OCH2CH2 CH3, -OCH2CH2CH2CH3 or -OCH2CH2OH) in the 8-position as well as the corresponding derivatives of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)azo]-N,N-diethylaniline and 4-[(4-aminophenyl)azo]-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline. In general, as the size of the substituent ortho to the primary amino group of the dyes was increased, the mutagenicity decreased. A similar trend was observed for the reductive-cleavage products. The results from the latter aspect of this study suggest that the mutagenicity of aminoazobenzene dyes can not be accounted for solely from the properties of their reductive-cleavage products. DA - 1990/1// PY - 1990/1// DO - 10.1016/0165-1110(90)90036-B VL - 238 IS - 1 SP - 1-22 SN - 0921-8262 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PURIFICATION PROCEDURES FOR SYNTHETIC DYES .4. FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY AU - FREEMAN, HS AU - HAO, Z AU - MCINTOSH, SA AU - POSEY, JC AU - HSU, WN T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - The suitability of flash chromatography for the purification of synthetic dyestuffs has been investigated. The results of this study indicate that this technique offers a rapid procedure for the generation of gram quantities of a disperse dye, provided the dye to be purified is reasonably soluble in ordinary organic solvents such as toluene, ethyl acetate, or hexane. It is also apparent that the water-containing eluents commonly used to develop hydrophilic dyestuffs do not give satisfactory results when silica gel is used, due to strong eluent-adsorbent interactions. As a consequence, the purification of hydrophilic dyes required deactivated alumina. The speed with which a purification is accomplished by flash chromatography often offsets the higher amount of solvent required compared with the amounts used in dry column chromatography and countercurrent chromatography. DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1016/0143-7208(90)85015-G VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 233-242 SN - 0143-7208 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PHOTODEGRADATION OF CI ACID ORANGE-60 AND CI ACID GREEN-25 IN AN AMIDE ENVIRONMENT AU - FREEMAN, HS AU - SOKOLOWSKAGAJDA, J T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Photodegradation, in solution and in nylon 66 fiber, of two automotive acid dyes (CI acid orange 60 and CI acid green 25) for nylon carpet has been investigated. Photofading in solution was done in dimethylformamide (DMF) with the aid of a 254-nm light source, and the work in nylon fiber used the xenon arc light of an Atlas CI 65 weatherometer. The results show that these dyes fade via a photoreduction process under both sets of conditions, and they suggest that DMF is a suitable model for nylon in characterizing the photodegradation of acid dyes. The structures of the degradation products of the two dyes were determined with the aid of fast atom bom bardment and desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry and by HPLC and TLC comparisons with authentic samples. DA - 1990/4// PY - 1990/4// DO - 10.1177/004051759006000405 VL - 60 IS - 4 SP - 221-227 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INVIVO CUTANEOUS AND PERCEIVED COMFORT RESPONSE TO FABRIC .4. PERCEIVED SENSATIONS TO 3 EXPERIMENTAL GARMENTS WORN BY SUBJECTS EXERCISING IN A HOT, HUMID ENVIRONMENT AU - MARKEE, NL AU - HATCH, KL AU - MAIBACH, HI AU - BARKER, RL AU - RADHAKRISHNAIAH, P AU - WOO, SS T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - We report on the perceived comfort data collected while ten female subjects exercised in the hot, humid environment ( 29.4°C, 75% RH) wearing garments made from the three experimental knit fabrics. These findings are related to the fabric thermophys iological comfort data reported in Part I, the mechanical and surface related comfort data in Part II, and the skin alteration data in Part III of this series. At four times during the wear protocol (after acclimation, after 10 minutes of wear, after 40 minutes of exercise, and after 20 minutes of rest following exercise), subjects were asked to indicate overall comfort and thermal, wetness, and contact sensations. There was no difference between the fabrics for wetness or thermal sensation, a result explainable in terms of the extremely small differences in water and heat transport data reported in Part I. The thermal insulation, permeability index, and comfort limit values we calculated predict that differences in perceived thermal and wetness sensation should be minimal. Skin temperature was a significant determinant of perceived thermal comfort in our regression model, but capillary blood flow was not. The regression model for wetness sensation showed that stratum corneum water content and evaporative water loss were statistically significant determinants. Use of wetness-related and contact sensation descriptors differed for the three experimental fabrics. Differences in the wetness-related descriptors appear related to the percent water uptake of the fabrics during exercise. Fiber denier and fabric mechanical and surface feature data were useful in explaining the difference in contact sensations. The fabrics differed in perceived overall comfort. In the regression analysis, capillary blood flow was the only physio logical factor with a statistically significant effect on overall comfort. We suspect a link between the mechanical and surface features and capillary blood flow. DA - 1990/10// PY - 1990/10// DO - 10.1177/004051759006001002 VL - 60 IS - 10 SP - 561-568 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INVIVO CUTANEOUS AND PERCEIVED COMFORT RESPONSE TO FABRIC .3. WATER-CONTENT AND BLOOD-FLOW IN HUMAN SKIN UNDER GARMENTS WORN BY EXERCISING SUBJECTS IN A HOT, HUMID ENVIRONMENT AU - HATCH, KL AU - MARKEE, NL AU - MAIBACH, HI AU - BARKER, RL AU - WOO, SS AU - RADHAKRISHNAIAH, P T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - We studied stratum corneum water content, water evaporation from the skin surface, capillary blood flow, and skin temperature under three different garments worn by ten female subjects exercising and resting in a hot, humid environment (29.4°C, 75% RH). Single jersey knit fabrics made from 100% 1.5 denier polyester, 100% 3.5 denier polyester, or 100% cotton were made into long sleeve T-shirts and pants. Measures of stratum corneum water content using a microwave probe, evaporative water loss using an Evaporimeter, capillary blood flow using a laser Doppler velocimetry instrument, as well as skin temperature, were assessed on the upper back at four times during the wear protocol. An analysis of variance showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the noninvasive skin measurements under the three fabrics. Statistically significant differences in the skin measurements did occur as the kind of activity differed during the wear protocol. Results are discussed in terms of the fabric thermal and mechanical data presented in Parts I and II of this series. DA - 1990/9// PY - 1990/9// DO - 10.1177/004051759006000904 VL - 60 IS - 9 SP - 510-519 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INVIVO CUTANEOUS AND PERCEIVED COMFORT RESPONSE TO FABRIC .1. THERMOPHYSIOLOGICAL COMFORT DETERMINATIONS FOR 3 EXPERIMENTAL KNIT FABRICS AU - HATCH, KL AU - WOO, SS AU - BARKER, RL AU - RADHAKRISHNAIAH, P AU - MARKEE, NL AU - MAIBACH, HI T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Using a modified Kawabata Thermolabo apparatus housed in a controlled envi ronmental chamber, we obtained measurements of heat transfer through a specially selected set of jersey knit textile fabrics. We then used analytical models to compute thermal comfort limits based on the experimental values and predetermined estimates of human metabolic activity. The jersey knit fabrics differed primarily on the basis of fiber content: the comparisons were between two knits, both made with 100% polyester fibers of different deniers, and a 100% cotton fabric. This research confirms the results of several previous studies that fabric structural features, not component fibers, are the most important controllers of thermal dissipation in the presence of moisture diffusion. Our results also show that heat transfer is highly related to fabric thickness, bulk density, and air volume fraction. Thermal transfer from a simulated sweating skin surface is strongly correlated with fabric porosity and air permeability. DA - 1990/7// PY - 1990/7// DO - 10.1177/004051759006000705 VL - 60 IS - 7 SP - 405-412 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES TO QUANTIFY TEXTURAL AND APPEARANCE CHANGES IN CARPET .3. COLORIMETRIC IMAGE-ANALYSIS AU - WU, Y AU - POURDEYHIMI, B AU - SPIVAK, SM AU - HOLLIES, NRS T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Our research emphasis has been on identifying several key features of carpet quality combining both objective (instrumental) and subjective (human perception, HPA) approaches. Previously, HPA was used to determine a set of user terms and descriptions for assessing carpet quality features such as tuft geometry, luster, soiling, and overall appearance. The work reported here expands on the development of objective or instrumental methods for quantifying user perception of carpet appearance. A cus tomized, personal computer-based image analysis system, using an AT&T image cap ture board, has been developed. This new endeavor permits moderate resolution video capture of color images, with digital storage, retrieval, measurement, analysis, and enhancement. Special programming and illumination specifically designed for carpet surface analyses as well as carpet fiber-yarn properties are underway. The work reported here includes measurement of yam bundle or tuft size distribution through a regime of image enhancement, binary conversion, edge detection, and area measurement. Data are presented on various worn and unworn polyester Saxony tufted carpets using these techniques. Major new findings demonstrate the importance of color (RGB) imaging or colorimetric image analysis, in addition to gray level image processing, for determining appearance changes in carpet. DA - 1990/11// PY - 1990/11// DO - 10.1177/004051759006001108 VL - 60 IS - 11 SP - 673-687 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fast atom bombardment and desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry in the analysis of involatile textile dyes AU - Freeman, H. S. AU - Van Breeman, R. B. AU - Esancy, J. F. AU - Hao, Z. AU - Ukponmwan, D. O. AU - Hsu, W. N. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 22 IS - 5 SP - 23 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM THE NITRATION OF 1,5-DIHYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE (ANTHRARUFIN) AND 1,8-DIHYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE (CHRYSAZIN) AU - UKPONMWAN, DO AU - FREEMAN, HS T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - When 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone (Anthrarufin) and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (Chrysazin) were nitrated using a mixture of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids in the presence of boric acid at 10–25° C, three major products formed in each reaction. The products were separated by low-pressure column chromatography and identified by 1H-NMR and mass spectrometric analyses in tandem. The products identified result from the mono-, di- and tetra-nitration of these dihydroxyanthraquinones. DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1016/0143-7208(90)80006-B VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 145-155 SN - 0143-7208 ER - TY - JOUR TI - AN APPROACH TO THE DESIGN OF NONMUTAGENIC AZO DYES - ANALOGS OF THE MUTAGEN CI DIRECT BLACK 17 AU - FREEMAN, HS AU - ESANCY, JF AU - CLAXTON, LD T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - The effect on mutagenicity caused by incorporating an alkoxy substituent into the structure of a disazo hydrophilic dye has been investigated. The results of this study indicate that while bulky alkoxy groups are useful in lowering the mutagenicity of certain analogs of CI Direct Black 17, the decrease observed is less than that noted for a series of monoazo disperse dyes. The color and fastness properties of these novel disazo dyes are also described. DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1016/0143-7208(90)80013-F VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 55-70 SN - 0143-7208 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES ON THE MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF DACRON FIBERS EMPLOYED IN VASCULAR GRAFTS AU - FELDSTEIN, M AU - POURDEYHIMI, B T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS DA - 1990/9// PY - 1990/9// DO - 10.1007/BF00727877 VL - 9 IS - 9 SP - 1061-1065 SN - 0261-8028 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INVIVO CUTANEOUS AND PERCEIVED COMFORT RESPONSE TO FABRIC .2. MECHANICAL AND SURFACE RELATED COMFORT PROPERTY DETERMINATIONS FOR 3 EXPERIMENTAL KNIT FABRICS AU - BARKER, RL AU - RADHAKRISHNAIAH, P AU - WOO, SS AU - HATCH, KL AU - MARKEE, NL AU - MAIBACH, HI T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Our analyses using Kawabata instruments confirmed significant differences in phys ical and thermal properties of cotton and polyester single jersey knit fabrics. We at tributed observed differences in fabric physical properties to differences between cotton and polyester fibers and in the fineness of component fibers. We judged comparisons to be useful in forecasting tactile comfort and explaining subjective sensations associated with fabric/skin contact. DA - 1990/8// PY - 1990/8// DO - 10.1177/004051759006000809 VL - 60 IS - 8 SP - 492-494 SN - 1746-7748 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comments on hydrodynamics in packed textile beds AU - Banks-Lee, P. AU - Peng, H. T2 - Textile Research Journal DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 60 IS - 7 SP - 427-428 ER - TY - JOUR TI - LARGE-DEFLECTION BENDING OF WOVEN FABRIC FOR AUTOMATED MATERIAL-HANDLING AU - BROWN, PR AU - BUCHANAN, DR AU - CLAPP, TG T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - The development of highly flexible devices for automated handling of textile materials requires a knowledge-based computer system to manipulate successfully a diverse range of fabrics with varying engineering properties. The purpose of the research reported in this paper is to develop and validate a computer model for predicting fabric-deformation behaviour during automated handling, given experimentally measured fabric properties. A computer program is developed, on the basis of Konopasek's theoretical formulation for solving large-deflexion fabric-bending problems, to simulate the laying of fabric on a table by means of a robot manipulator. Experimental data are collected for actual bending shapes of selected apparel fabrics and compared with theoretical data generated by the numerical solution of the mathematical model. The results demonstrate the ability of the model to predict large deformations of typical apparel fabrics with a part size of up to 10 cm in length. Only the measured properties, bending rigidity and weight per unit length, are required to represent the fabric in the model. DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1080/00405009008658322 VL - 81 IS - 1 SP - 1-14 SN - 0040-5000 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of factors influencing rung spun yarn tenacity for long staple cotton: part I and II AU - Smith, C. T2 - Textile Research Journal DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 60 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Why fiber reactive dyeings sometimes do not repeat: A look at five typical cases AU - Beck, K. R. AU - Smith, C. B. AU - Madderra, T. A. T2 - American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 79 SP - 38 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EVALUATION OF SOME SIDE-EFFECTS FROM THE USE OF FORMALDEHYDE SCAVENGERS AU - VAIL, SL AU - BECK, KR T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Concentrations of methylol carbamates in several crosslinking formulations prepared from methyl carbamate and formaldehyde and with and without urea or ethyleneurea as scavengers were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The scavengers were effective in reducing the free formaldehyde in the solution, but the dimethylol methyl carbamate concentration was reduced by about 25%. Selected chemical and physical properties were obtained from cotton fabrics finished with five different formulations of known composition. Fabric strengths were improved by use of a scavenger, but some undesirable side effects were observed. DA - 1990/3/20/ PY - 1990/3/20/ DO - 10.1002/app.1990.070390603 VL - 39 IS - 6 SP - 1241-1249 SN - 1097-4628 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interpreting creep and fatigue of fibers via deformation kinetics AU - Batra, S. K. AU - Pai, G. A. AU - Hersh, S. P. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 39 IS - 8 SP - 18-23 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON YARN UNEVENNESS - COMPONENTS AND DETERMINANTS OF GENERAL UNEVENNESS AU - ZEIDMAN, MI AU - SUH, MW AU - BATRA, SK T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - A simple analysis of the local linear density of a yarn yields an equation of its overall variance, which has three components: variance of the number of fibers per cross section, variance of the mean local fiber fineness, and that of the mean parameter of fiber inclination relative to yam axis. Further mathematical analysis of the component variances reveals a set of determining factors: the sequence of the fiber ends along the yam, the distribution of the fiber length, fiber fineness and its irregularity, the irregularity of the fiber configuration relative to the yam axis, and the blend uniformity along the yarn. To help in this analysis, a representation of the yarn, free of any structural hypothesis, is derived from the way the yam emerges from a ring spinning process: a superposition of elementary strips, each resulting from an initial sliver. This represen tation demonstrates that inverse proportionality between the squared CV of the yarn and its mean number of fibers in cross section holds for any yarn, including those idealized by Poissonian or other similar models. DA - 1990/1// PY - 1990/1// DO - 10.1177/004051759006000101 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 1-6 SN - 1746-7748 ER - TY - PAT TI - Exhaust process for simultaneously dyeing and improving the flame resistance of aramid fibers AU - Riggins, P. H. AU - Hauser, P. J. C2 - 1990/// DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Method for producing lightfast disperse dyestuffs containing a build-in photostabilizer [molecule] compound AU - Freeman, H. S. C2 - 1990/// DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Process for high speed melt spinning AU - Cuculo, J. A. AU - Tucker, P. A. AU - Chen, G. Y. AU - Lin, C. Y. AU - Denton, J. AU - Lundberg, F. C2 - 1990/// DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Automation/mechanization decisions in the apparel industry AU - Hodge, George L. AU - Canada, John R. C2 - 1990/// C3 - International Industrial Engineering Conference Proceedings DA - 1990/// SP - 123-127 PB - Institute of Industrial Engineers UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0025560737&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Analysis of flexibility and other important criteria for evaluating advanced apparel manufacturing systems AU - Hodge, G. L. AU - Canada, J. R. C2 - 1990/// C3 - Advanced Apparel Manufacturing Technology Conference, Feb. 14-16, 1990, Philadelphia College of Textiles and Science, Philadelphia, PA DA - 1990/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Low cost microcomputer software for non-traditional economic decision analysis AU - Hodge, George AU - Canada, J. R. T2 - Engineering Economist DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1080/00137919008903013 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 161-167 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84952157955&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER -