TY - RPRT TI - Out of Area : klimaatevaluatie NBC pak ['Out of Area' climate evaluation CW-suits] AU - DenHartog, E.A. A3 - TNO DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - TNO ER - TY - RPRT TI - Heat strain in NBC-protective suits [Warmtebelasting in NBC-pakken] AU - DenHartog, E.A. AU - Wammes, L.J.A. A3 - TNO DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - TNO ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fracture energy release rate in nylon fibers AU - Michielsen, S. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19980228)67:9<1541::aid-app5>3.0.co;2-d VL - 67 IS - 9 SP - 1541-1544 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000071774200005&KeyUID=WOS:000071774200005 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polymer Inclusion Compounds AU - Huang, Lei AU - Tonelli, Alan E. T2 - Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Polymer Reviews AB - 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Schlenk was the first to use the term inclusion compound (IC) to describe the crystalline adducts in which one component (host molecule) crystallizes into a matrix, isolating the second component (guest molecule) into cavities of well-defined geometry [1]. Most of the ICs reported have been described as inclusion compounds or clathrates in the literature. In addition, there are many more compounds that are described as solvates, and many of these must surely be ICs [2]. DA - 1998/1// PY - 1998/1// DO - 10.1080/15583729808546037 VL - 38 IS - 4 SP - 781-837 J2 - Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Polymer Reviews LA - en OP - SN - 1532-1797 1520-5746 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583729808546037 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Power Properties of Polyethylene/Carbon Black Conductive Composite” AU - Zhang, Xiang-Wu AU - Pan, Yi AU - Shen, Lie AU - Yi, Xiao-Su T2 - Mater. Eng DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 12 SP - 25-28, ER - TY - JOUR TI - The genetic algorithm optimization toolbox (GAOT) for Matlab 5 AU - Houck, CR T2 - http://www. ie. ncsu. edu/mirage/GAToolBox/gaot DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cell Formation Using Genetic Algorithms AU - Joines, J. A. AU - King, R. E. AU - Culbreth, C. T. T2 - Group Technology and Cellular Manufacturing DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4615-5467-7_11 SP - 185-204 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Color P2 through improved process control AU - Jasper, W. AU - Smith, B. DA - 1998/6// PY - 1998/6// UR - http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/01/00345.pdf N1 - oral presentation RN - oral presentation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Decision support system for lumber procurement and dry kiln scheduling AU - Huang, J.-C. AU - Culbreth, C.T. AU - Joines, J.A. AU - King, R.E. AU - Hodgson, T.G. T2 - Forest Products Journal DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 48 IS - 9 SP - 51-59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel approach to measuring fluid flow in incontinence pads AU - King, M. AU - Dupuis, D. AU - Rousse, D. R. AU - Guidoin, R. T2 - Canadian Textile Journal DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 115 SP - 33-36 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Puncture resistance of pre-strained geotextile membrane and its relation to uniaxial tensile strain at failure AU - ghosh, T2 - Geotextiles and Geomembranes AB - Abstract The principal focus of this study is the puncture resistance of geotextiles under uniform radial pre-strain. A test frame which can apply preset radial strain and measure puncture resistance of geotextiles has been developed. A number of commercially available woven and nonwoven geotextile materials have been evaluated for puncture resistance while held under a preset radial strain. The test results show lower failure strain in puncture if the test sample is pre-strained. The failure strain measured in wide width tensile tests are much higher than calculated strains in puncture. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/s0266-1144(98)00011-9 VL - 16 SP - 293–302 ER - TY - CONF TI - Processing cotton and cotton/pulp blends for wet-laid nonwovens using novel dispersion technologies AU - Batra, S.K. AU - Farer, R. AU - Gilmore, T.F. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Nonwovens Conference & Trade Fair: proceedings DA - 1998/// SP - 133-136 PB - Atlanta, GA : TAPPI Press ER - TY - CONF TI - On the use of neural networks for color matching AU - Smith, B. A2 - C. Looney, A2 - Castaing, J. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Intelligent systems : proceedings of the ISCA 7th international conference, Melun, France, July 1-2, 1998 DA - 1998/// SP - 92-97 PB - Cary, NC: ISCA, SN - 9781880843246 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of in vitro performance tests and evaluation of nonabsorbable monofilament sutures for cardiovascular surgery AU - Hong, T AU - King, MW AU - Michielsen, S AU - Cheung, LWK AU - Mary, C AU - Guzman, R AU - Guidoin, R T2 - ASAIO JOURNAL AB - There have been reports suggesting that polypropylene (PP) monofilament sutures are associated with mechanical failure. To overcome this problem, a new monofilament suture made from polyvinylidene fluoride, under the trade name of Teflene, has been developed. Few studies have measured the in vitro properties of Teflene sutures, and those that have, have been limited to a few tensile properties of the straight suture such as tensile strength, elongation, and creep behavior. The in vitro performance properties of Teflene sutures were evaluated and compared with those of commercial sutures made from PP such as Prolene and Surgilene in four sizes, 2-0, 3-0, 4-0, and 5-0. The performance properties of sutures included both the physical properties of straight sutures, such as suture diameter, tensile strength, elongation, surface roughness, coefficient of friction, bending stiffness, and tissue drag, and the knot characteristics, such as knot pull strength, knot rundown, and knot security. Existing standard test methods and testing instruments were used if available to measure certain suture properties such as diameter, tensile strength, knot pull strength, and some physical properties. The other novel test methods and unique accessory devices needed to perform the tests for measuring tissue drag, knot run-down, coefficient of friction, and knot security were developed in the authors' laboratories, and the comparative results are reported for the first time. From the test results, Teflene sutures were found in general to possess equivalent characteristics to those of existing PP commercial sutures, but some differences also were observed, such as greater elongation and less knot run-down. These differences may give them a unique feel and handling performance, especially in terms of making a knot, sliding it into position, and causing less damage to adjacent tissue. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1097/00002480-199811000-00004 VL - 44 IS - 6 SP - 776-785 SN - 1538-943X UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000076881700004&KeyUID=WOS:000076881700004 ER - TY - CONF TI - Comparison of the comfort properties of nonwoven and woven fabrics in operating room gowns AU - Barker, R. AU - Scruggs, B.J. AU - Shalev, I. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Book of papers: INDA-TEC 98, largest International Nonwovens Conference: September 15-17, 1998, Trump Plaza Hotel, Atlantic City, NJ. DA - 1998/// PB - Cary, NC : INDA, Association of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry ER - TY - CONF TI - Engineering analysis of limp material properties drives design of electromechanical monitoring system AU - Clapp, T. AU - Titus, K.J. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Society of Engineering Science 35th Technical Annual Meeting held at Washington State University, Pullman, Washington during the period Sept 27-30, 1998. DA - 1998/// PB - Ft. Belvoir Defense Technical Information Center ER - TY - CONF TI - Development of a flexible photometric device for on-line monitoring of fiber loading on card surfaces AU - Seyam, A.M. AU - Meng, J. AU - Batra, S.K. AU - El-Shiekh, A. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Book of papers: INDA-TEC 98, largest International Nonwovens Conference: September 15-17, 1998, Trump Plaza Hotel, Atlantic City, NJ DA - 1998/// PB - Cary, N.C. : INDA, Association of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry ER - TY - CONF TI - Color P2 through improved process control AU - Jasper, W. AU - Smith, B. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Color reduction & removal seminar : June 17, 1998 DA - 1998/// PB - Raleigh, N.C. : N.C. Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance ER - TY - CONF TI - Characterizing fiber orientation and diameter variability nonwoven fabrics AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Nonwovens Conference & Trade Fair: proceedings DA - 1998/// PB - Atlanta, GA : TAPPI Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Medical textile structures: An overview AU - Gupta, B. T2 - Medical Plastics and Biomaterials DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 16-30 ER - TY - CONF TI - Development of an instrument for the evaluation of biaxial stress-strain response of fabrics AU - Ghosh, T.K C2 - 1998/// C3 - Book of papers : INDA-TEC 98, largest International Nonwovens Conference : September 15-17, 1998, Trump Plaza Hotel, Atlantic City, NJ. DA - 1998/// PB - Cary, NC: INDA, Association of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry ER - TY - CONF TI - Color pollution prevention through improved process control AU - Smith, B. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Color reduction & removal seminar : June 17, 1998 DA - 1998/// PB - Raleigh, N.C. : N.C. Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of supercritical fluid extraction as a method of cleaning anterior cruciate ligament prostheses: In vitro and in vivo validation AU - KING, Martin W. AU - Fages, J. AU - Poddevin, N. AU - Marois, Y. T2 - ASAIO Journal AB - The process of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using carbon dioxide as the mobile phase is finding increasing numbers of applications in a wide variety of industries for the extraction, separation, and cleaning of materials. This study assessed the usefulness of this approach in removing surface contaminants from a knitted polyester anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prosthesis before packaging and sterilizing the product during manufacture. The physical, dimensional, and chemical properties of SFE treated compared with commercially scoured control samples were characterized using a number of textile test methods: electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and solvent extraction analysis. The biocompatibility of the samples was measured in terms of their ability to generate CD18 integrin expression on activated human polymorphonuclear cells, and their inflammatory response when implanted for up to 30 days in the knee joint of rats. SFE treatment was successful in removing most of the nonpolar contaminants from the ACL prosthesis and reducing the amount of residuals to a commercially acceptable level. However, some nitrogen containing compounds and polar salts were not removed by the SFE process. The results from the biocompatibility tests demonstrated that the cleaner SFE treated prosthesis induced significantly lower CD18 expression than the scoured control fabric, and was also associated with a milder inflammatory response and a more rapid rate of healing during the 30 day animal trial. Another effect of SFE processing was to cause the polyester device to shrink and lose porosity because of yarn contraction and modification of the polymer's microcrystalline structure. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1097/00002480-199807000-00008 VL - 44 SP - 278–288 ER - TY - CONF TI - The biocompatibility and biostability of polyester arterial prostheses knitted in Poland and the Czech Republic AU - King, M. W. AU - Guidoin, R. AU - Marois, Y. C2 - 1998/// C3 - TEXSCI '98 : textile science : 3rd international conference : proceedings : Liberec, Czech Republic, May 25-27, 1998 DA - 1998/// SP - 119-122 PB - Liberec: Technical University SN - 9788070832899 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Real time analysis and control of batch dyeing processes AU - Smith, C. T2 - International Textile Bulletin DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// SP - 88 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Other long vegetable fibers - abaca, banana, sisal, henequen, flax, ramie, hemp, sunn, and coir AU - Batra, S.K. T2 - Handbook of fiber chemistry (2nd ed., rev. and expanded) PY - 1998/// PB - New York: Marcel Dekker SN - 9780824794712 ER - TY - PAT TI - Method and apparatus for correctively guiding a cutting device on a predetermined path along a sheet material AU - Clapp, T. C2 - 1998/// DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Benefits of electrical conductivity fluoride and polypropylene sutures used in vascular surgery AU - King, M. AU - Mary, C. AU - Marois, Y. AU - Laroche, G. T2 - ASAIO Journal DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 44 SP - 199-206 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of the in vivo behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride and polypropylene sutures used in vascular surgery AU - Mary, C AU - Marois, Y AU - King, MW AU - Laroche, G AU - Douville, Y AU - Martin, L AU - Guidoin, R T2 - ASAIO JOURNAL AB - To find a nonabsorbable suture material that is equivalent to polypropylene in ease of handling and tensile properties, and that has low thrombogenicity and tissue reactivity but improved biostability, some researchers and clinicians see merit in considering the suitability of monofilaments made from polyvinylidene fluoride. The current animal study investigated the relative biocompatibility and biostability of these two suture materials by using them to anastomose a polyester arterial prosthesis in a canine thoracoabdominal bypass model for 10 periods of implantation ranging from 4 hr to 2 years. Biocompatibility was assessed with light and scanning electron microscope examinations of the explanted sutures, and biostability of the cleaned sutures was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope analysis. The polyvinylidene fluoride and polypropylene sutures were found to have similar handling and healing characteristics. During the first months in vivo, both types of suture experienced a temporary increase in carbonyl group absorption that coincided with the duration of the inflammatory response. After 1 and 2 years in vivo, the explanted polypropylene sutures showed visual evidence of surface stress cracking. This was not found with the explanted polyvinylidene fluoride sutures. These results suggest that polyvinylidene fluoride may be more biostable than polypropylene in the long term. ASAIO Journal 1998; 44:199–206. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1097/00002480-199805000-00015 VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 199-206 SN - 1538-943X ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of Canadian manufacturers in production and distribution of biomedical textiles AU - King, M.W. T2 - Canadian Apparel DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 115 IS - 1 SP - 14-17 ER - TY - CONF TI - Single bath one step dyeing of polyester/cotton with disperse/reactive dyes AU - Yang, Y. AU - Li, S. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Book of papers: 1998 international conference & exhibition, September 22-25, Philadelphia Marriott, Philadelphia, Pa. DA - 1998/// SP - 414-425 PB - Research Triangle Park, N.C.: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists ER - TY - CHAP TI - Dyes and pigments, environmental chemistry AU - Freeman, H.S. AU - Reife, A. AU - Betowski, D. T2 - Encyclopedia of environmental analysis and remediation PY - 1998/// PB - New York: Wiley SN - 9780471117087 ER - TY - CONF TI - Developpement d'un ruban en polyester specifiquement traite pour la parodontologie, l'odontologie et l'implantologie AU - Poddevin, N. AU - Pageau, J.F. AU - King, M.W. AU - Laroche, G. AU - Guidoin, R. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Actualite?s en biomate?riaux. Volume 3 DA - 1998/// VL - 4 SP - 463-473 PB - Paris: Romillat SN - 9782878940305 ER - TY - CONF TI - Real-time analysis and control of batch dyeing processes AU - Beck, K.R. AU - Jasper, W. AU - Lee, G. AU - McGregor, P. AU - Smith, B. C2 - 1998/// C3 - International Textile Bulletin DA - 1998/// SP - 88-93 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The analysis of yarn thin places and unevenness with an image-analysis system and program design AU - Zhang, W AU - Iype, C AU - Oxenham, W T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - The number of thin places in a yarn has a close relationship with the definition of its size and length. Several different definitions of thin places are introduced in this paper. The image-analysis system is then used to test the diameter of real yarns continuously. Data on the continuous diameter of ideal yarns are obtained from computational simulation. The 2D yarn-fault-analysis program designed according to a comprehensive definition of yarn faults can give over-all results of yarn faults in a mapping table in which the differences are shown in a comparison of worsted wool yarns and combed-cotton yarns with corresponding ideal yarns. Other important work is also carried out. New terminology (an index of yarn faults) is introduced in order to determine more clearly the differences between yarn faults of real yarns and those of their ideal yarns at different levels. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1080/00405009808658596 VL - 89 IS - 1 SP - 44-58 SN - 0040-5000 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spider dragline silk AU - Polk, M. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Jacob, K. AU - Warner, S. AU - Grubb, D. T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 68 IS - 9 SP - 687-696 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fracture energy release rate in nylon fibers AU - Michielsen, S. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - The effect of relative humidity on the fracture energy release rate, GIc, for single nylon 6,6 fibers has been determined previously. In this article, it is shown that GIc is independent of relative humidity for moisture contents of > 2.3% once the plastic zone correction is made. GIc is compared with various proposed mechanisms to account for fracture energy. It is shown that the energy required to disrupt or “melt” the crystals in the plastic zone accounts for the majority of the energy required to break the specimen, and should be considered explicitly in future analyses of fracture in semicrystalline polymers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:1541–1544, 1998 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980228)67:9<1541::AID-APP5>3.3.CO;2-D VL - 67 SP - 1541-1544 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A study of smoldering conditions in upholstery fabrics using thermal imaging AU - Gandhi, S AU - Spivak, SM AU - Pourdeyhimi, B T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Thin, porous textile fabrics that are predominantly cellulosic in content are partic ularly prone to smoldering when exposed to a low energy, localized heat source such as a cigarette fire cone. A thermal imaging technique for measuring transient temper ature fields is used to study smoldering ignition in upholstery fabrics with a simulated cigarette source. A method is described for measuring dynamic surface temperature gradients. Empirical data are presented in terms of peak surface temperature and en closed area within specific isotherms. When the representative temperature in the smol dering zone is greater than 450°C, the smoldering spread is maintained. Cotton duck fabrics do not show the reported reduction in smoldering propensity with decreasing areal density and washing of alkali metal ions. In contrast, the results for upholstery fabrics do allude to a mitigation of smoldering propensity with a significant lowering of surface temperature and isothermal area measurements. DA - 1998/9// PY - 1998/9// DO - 10.1177/004051759806800910 VL - 68 IS - 9 SP - 687-696 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nonformaldehyde durable press finishing of cotton fabrics by combining citric acid with polymers of maleic acid AU - Yang, CQ AU - Xu, L AU - Li, SQ AU - Jaing, YQ T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - In our previous research, we investigated the use of two polymers of maleic acid, i.e., the homopolymer (PMA) and the terpolymer (TPMA), for crosslinking cotton cellulose. We found that PMA and TPMA were less effective than 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) due to the low mobility of the anhydride intermediates to access the cellulosic hydroxyl during a curing process. We found that the hydroxyl of citric acid (CA) hinders its esterification with cotton cellulose, and so is less effective than 1,2,3-propanetricar boxylic acid as a crosslinking agent for cotton. We also found that CA esterifies the anhydride intermediate of PMA or TPMA on the cotton fabric formed under curing con ditions. In this research, we observed a synergistic effect by combining PMA or TPMA with CA as co-crosslinking agents for cotton fabrics. The combination of TPMA/CA is more effective than the PMA/CA combination for imparting wrinkle resistance to the finished cotton fabrics. Cottons finished with the TPMA/CA combination show superior durable press performance, good laundering durability, and high fabric strength retention. The superior performance and cost effectiveness of this new finishing system makes it feasible as a replacement for formaldehyde-based durable press finishes. DA - 1998/6// PY - 1998/6// DO - 10.1177/004051759806800611 VL - 68 IS - 6 SP - 457-464 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro cellular response to polypyrrole-coated woven polyester fabrics: Potential benefits of electrical conductivity AU - Jakubiec, B AU - Marois, Y AU - Zhang, Z AU - Roy, R AU - Sigot-Luizard, MF AU - Dugre, FJ AU - King, MW AU - Dao, L AU - Laroche, G AU - Guidoin, R T2 - JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH AB - Electrically conducting polypyrrole-treated films have recently been shown to influence the morphology and function of mammalian cells in vitro. This type of polymer represents a possible alternative biomaterial for use in vascular implantation. The present study compared the in vitro biocompatibility of the five different polyester woven fabrics having increasing levels of electrical conductivity ranging from 4.5 x 10(4) to 123 omega/square with that of low density polyethylene and polydimethylsiloxane primary reference materials. Biocompatibility was measured in terms of four different types of in vitro cellular response, including (a) an indirect and (b) a direct control organotypic culture assay using endothelial cells, (c) a polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell activation study using flow-cytometric measurements of CD11/CD18 integrin molecule expression, and (d) a semiquantification of interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA expression on monocytes/macrophages using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The organotypic culture study revealed that the fabrics with high levels of conductivity exhibited lower cell migration, proliferation, and viability. The PMN activation study of blood from 10 healthy adult donors demonstrated that the two most conductive fabrics were able to identify the more reactive donors. The levels of IL-6 mRNA expression by monocytes/macrophages decreased as the conductivity level of the fabrics increased. The results of the present study therefore indicate that high levels of conductivity (< 200 omega/square) on polyester fabrics are detrimental to the growth, migration, and viability of endothelial cells; induce elevated PMN activation; and affect the intracellular metabolism of monocytes. They also point to a specific range of conductivity (10(3) < 10(4) omega/square) which is associated with an optimum in vitro cellular response. DA - 1998/9/15/ PY - 1998/9/15/ DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(19980915)41:4<519::AID-JBM2>3.0.CO;2-F VL - 41 IS - 4 SP - 519-526 SN - 0021-9304 KW - polypyrrole KW - polyester KW - conductivity KW - in vitro KW - cell culture KW - cell activation KW - interleukin expression ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ozone application to color destruction of industrial waste water, part I: Experimental AU - Mock, B. AU - Hamouda, H. T2 - American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 87 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pollution prevention: Detecting metal and organic trace impurities in high volume raw materials AU - Smith, B. T2 - American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 87 SP - 9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global environmental trends AU - Smith, B. T2 - American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 87 SP - 28 ER - TY - CONF TI - pH control under dynamic conditions AU - Shamey, R. AU - Nobbs, J. H. C2 - 1998/// C3 - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, International Conference & Exhibition (AATCC-ICE), 1998 DA - 1998/// SP - 356 ER - TY - CONF TI - The use of colorimetery in the control of dyeing machinery AU - Shamey, R. AU - Gilchrist, A. AU - Nobbs, J. H. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Colour Science 98 International, Harrogate, UK DA - 1998/// VL - 3 SN - 0853162182 ER - TY - CONF TI - Computer control of dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes AU - Shamey, R. AU - Nobbs, J. H. C2 - 1998/// C3 - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, International Conference & Exhibition (AATCC-ICE), 1998 DA - 1998/// SP - 251 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A review of automation and computer control in dyeing machinery AU - Shamey, R. AU - Nobbs, J. H. T2 - Advances in Colour Science and Technology DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 46-51 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Techniques to assess yarn tensile properties AU - Lee, E.-K. AU - Oxenham, W. T2 - Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 1 IS - 1998 SP - 790-796 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On-line measurement of fabric bending behavior: background, need and potential solutions AU - Zhou, N. Y. AU - ghosh, T2 - International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology AB - Low‐stress mechanical properties of fabrics are very important in many applications as well as in manufacturing process control. Discusses the importance and potential applications of an on‐line mechanical property measurement system. In addition, the working principles of existing off‐ line fabric bending testers have been critically reviewed. It is suggested that the principle of a future on‐line system to evaluate fabric bending behaviour should be based on the characterisation of fabric loop shapes. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1108/09556229810213845 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 143–154 ER - TY - CONF TI - Improving dye yield of vats on cotton fabric using ultrasound AU - McCall, R. E. AU - Lee, E. R. AU - Mock, G. N. AU - Grady, P. L. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Book of papers: 1998 International Conference & Exhibition, September 22-25, Philadelphia Marriott, Philadelphia, Pa. CN - TP890.5 .A37 1998 DA - 1998/// SP - 188-194 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Design of integrated information management systems for the textile manufacturing complex (I96-S15) AU - Winchester, S. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Hands, P. AU - Karpe, Y. AU - al., T2 - National Textile Center. Annual Report DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Alkalinity studies of commercial denim fabrics AU - Hauser, P. J. AU - Montagnino, J. C. T2 - American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 87 IS - 5 SP - 24-29 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Modeling ordered bulk polymer phases and fabricating polymer-polymer molecular composites with polymer inclusion compounds AU - Huang, L. AU - Allen, E. J. AU - Tonelli, A. E. T2 - Recent research developments in polymer science (Managing ed.) PY - 1998/// VL - 2 SP - 175 PB - Trivandrum, India: Transworld Research Network ER - TY - JOUR TI - Field desorption mass spectral analysis of some nonmutagenic benzidine-based pigments AU - Sokolowska-Gajda, J AU - Hinks, D AU - Haney, CA AU - Freeman, HS AU - Tanaka, M T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - This paper is concerned with field desorption mass spectral (FDMS) analysis of novel disazomethine, disazoacetoacetanilide (diarylide) and disazopyrazolone pigments containing nonmutagenic benzidine homologs. The FD spectra of the aforementioned types of pigments are characterized by intense parent ion peaks [M+.] and relatively intense [M+]/2 daughter ions, a pattern which serves as a fingerprint for these molecular structures. DA - 1998/10/1/ PY - 1998/10/1/ DO - 10.1016/S0143-7208(97)00116-2 VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 159-171 SN - 0143-7208 KW - nonmutagenic KW - benzidine KW - FD spectra ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling for suppression of moisture/temperature induced dimensional changes in unbalanced fibrous composite structures with perfect bonding AU - Qiu, Y. P. AU - Backer, S. T2 - Textile Research Journal AB - Suppression of dimensional change induced by moisture and temperature changes is studied for perfectly bonded, unbalanced, parallel fibrous structures composed of at least one hygroscopic component, taking into account various parameters such as initial moisture content and temperature at the time of assembly, width or height ratio of the two components. molecular orientation, and bonding length. The results show that two factors play major roles in moisture/temperature induced dimensional (curvature) change: longitudinal fiber swelling/shortening and material softening/stiffening. Whether the effects of the two factors are additive or compete against each other depends on the initial moisture content and temperature at the time of structural assem bly. When the structure subsequently absorbs moisture, the resulting maximum cur vature decreases as initial moisture regain and initial temperature increase, whereas the opposite is true when the structure desorbs moisture. A higher orientation factor of the hygroscopic component results in a higher maximum curvature. The induced curvature of an unbalanced structure goes through a maximum when the width ratio or height ratio of the two components changes. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1177/004051759806800101 VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 1-9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of liquid isothermal bath position in modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) PET melt spinning process on properties and structure of As-spun and annealed filaments AU - Hotter, JF AU - Cuculo, JA AU - Tucker, PA AU - Annis, BK T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - The ability to produce as-spun poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filaments that possess previously unsurpassed levels of as-spun orientation and tensile properties was achieved through the implementation of a device described as a liquid isothermal bath (LIB). Although much has been published regarding the general effect of the LIB on various properties and structural features, the results of the present study further contribute to the continued development of this unique technology by investigating the positional dependence of the device, as well as the effect of a subsequent annealing process. Characterization methods employed in the present study included birefringence, percent crystallinity, tensile properties, loss tangent temperature dependence, DSC melting behavior, and wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering. Strong inferences drawn from the loss tangent temperature dependence indicate that all of the as-spun and annealed LIB filaments possess a more rigid amorphous phase than that present in either the as-spun or annealed no LIB filament and that the extent of rigidness appears to become more profound as the bath is operated at a position more distant from the spinneret. DSC melting endotherms of the as-spun LIB filaments consist of dual overlapping peaks, one component of which is believed to represent the presence of a novel extended chain type of crystalline structure. Application of a simple two phase model allowed for the quantitative evaluation of an amorphous orientation factor, which was found to range, depending on the bath position, from 1.7 to 3.9 times higher in the as-spun LIB filaments than that present in the as-spun no LIB filament. The annealing process was found to play an important role in facilitating the transformation from an as-spun highly oriented and predominantly amorphous structure to a well-defined semicrystalline fibrillar structure. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2051–2068, 1998 DA - 1998/9/6/ PY - 1998/9/6/ DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980906)69:10<2051::AID-APP17>3.3.CO;2-3 VL - 69 IS - 10 SP - 2051-2068 SN - 0021-8995 KW - liquid isothermal bath KW - poly(ethylene terephthalate) KW - melt spinning KW - properties KW - structure KW - filaments ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of initial take-up speed on properties and structure of as-spun and drawn/heat-set poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments AU - Hotter, J. F. AU - Cuculo, J. A. AU - Tucker, P. A. AU - Annis, B. K. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - The effect of initial take-up speed on the properties and structure of both as-spun and drawn/heat-set poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments was characterized through measurements of birefringence, percent crystallinity, tensile properties, high temperature shrinkage, loss tangent temperature dependence, DSC melting behavior, and wide-angle (WAXS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). While a steady trend toward improved as-spun filament orientation and tensile properties occurred with increasing initial take-up speed, the reduced drawability of these more structured precursor filaments resulted in corresponding drawn/heat-set filaments that were of relatively lower overall orientation and tensile strength. The observed trends in tenacity, initial modulus, and high temperature shrinkage of the drawn/heat-set filaments appeared to be well correlated with the extent and distribution of amorphous phase rigidity as perceived through inferences made from the loss tangent temperature dependence. The WAXS patterns of the drawn/heat-set samples indicated that these filaments all possess a well-developed and highly oriented crystalline structure. Application of a simple two phase model allowed the determination of an amorphous orientation factor, which for the drawn/heat-set filaments was generally found to decrease as the draw ratio imposed in order to achieve comparable levels of elongation to break decreased. The SAXS patterns of the drawn/heat-set filaments indicated that comparable long period spacings exist in all cases and that a transition from a four-point pattern to a two-point bar-shaped pattern occurred when the precursor filament possessed some significant amount of as-spun crystallinity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2115–2131, 1998 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980912)69:11<2115::AID-APP3>3.0.CO;2-J VL - 69 IS - 11 SP - 2115-2131 ER - TY - PAT TI - Ultra-oriented crystalline filaments AU - Cuculo, J. A. AU - Tucker, P. A. AU - Chen, G.-Y. AU - Lundberg, F. C2 - 1998/// DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Tongue and groove drafting roller autoleveling system for automated textile drafting system AU - Clapp, T. G. AU - Rust, J. P. AU - Farrington, C. AU - Bowen, D. T. C2 - 1998/// DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Study of the inclusion compounds formed between alpha-cyclodextrin and high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) AU - Huang, L AU - Allen, E AU - Tonelli, AE T2 - POLYMER AB - We report the formation of high molecular weight polymer inclusion compounds (ICs) between α-cyclodextrin and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) (Mn = 100 kg mol−1), and poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) (Mn = 40 kg mol−1). Both high molecular weight polymer ICs were successfully made by ultrasonic and heating techniques. Dsc, tga, X-ray diffraction, FT i.r. and solid state 13C n.m.r. were utilized to observe the PCL and PEO polymer chains included inside the channels formed by α-cyclodextrin. Dsc and tga scans showed that the high temperature stable polymer-CD-IC samples contain no free crystalline polymer. The much higher decomposition temperatures observed for these polymer-CD-ICs may imply that polymer chains included inside the polymer CD-IC channels can greatly improve cyclodextrin's stability. The polymer-CD-IC's X-ray diffraction patterns were very similar to that of valeric acid-CD-IC, which is confirmed to be a channel crystal structure, and the strong peak for both polymer-CD-ICs at approximately 20.0° (2θ) may confirm their IC formation. New bands appeared at 1729 cm−1 for PEO-CD-IC and at 1739 cm−1 for PCL-CD-IC in their FTi.r. spectra. Both bands were absent from the α-cyclodextrin spectrum. In CP/MAS/DD 13C n.m.r. spectra, single resonances for PEO-CD-IC, which compared with the multiple resonances observed for each carbon type in α-cyclodextrin, may indicate that α-cyclodextrin adopts a more symmetrical cyclic conformation in the PEO-CD-IC sample, while pure α-cyclodextrin assumes a less symmetrical conformation in the crystal when it does not include a guest polymer PEO inside its cavity. A one-pulse 13C n.m.r. spectrum was observed to identify the resonance peak for PEO inside the PEO-CD-IC. DA - 1998/9// PY - 1998/9// DO - 10.1016/S0032-3861(97)00568-5 VL - 39 IS - 20 SP - 4857-4865 SN - 0032-3861 KW - polymer inclusion compounds KW - X-ray diffraction KW - FTir ER - TY - PAT TI - Stitch quality monitoring system for sewing machines AU - Cox, R. N. AU - Clapp, T. G. AU - Titus, K. J. C2 - 1998/// DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Securing and pressuring system for drafting rollers for automated textile drafting systems AU - Clapp, T. G. AU - Rust, J. P. AU - Farrington, C. AU - Bowen, D. T. AU - Saunders, R. N. AU - Thomas, M. M. C2 - 1998/// DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Feed-forward and feed-back autoleveling system for automated textile drafting system AU - Clapp, T. G. AU - Rust, J. P. AU - Farrington, C. AU - Peykamian, S. C2 - 1998/// DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Draftless silver coiler packaging system for automated textile drafting system AU - Clapp, T. G. AU - Rust, J. P. AU - Farrington, C. AU - Bowen, D. T. C2 - 1998/// DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Closed-loop textile dyeing process utilizing real-time metered dosing of dyes and chemicals AU - McGregor, R. AU - Arora, M. A. AU - Jasper, W. J. C2 - 1998/// DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Apparatus for simulating the thermoregulatory responses of human skin and related method for predicting fabric comfort level AU - Hamouda, H. AU - Barker, R. L. AU - Millsaps, D. S. C2 - 1998/// DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Ultra-oriented crystalline filaments and method of making same AU - Cuculo, J. A. AU - Tucker, P. A. AU - Lundberg, F. AU - Chen, J.-Y. AU - Wu, G. AU - Chen, G.-Y. C2 - 1998/// DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Synchronous drive system for automated textile drafting system AU - Clapp, T. G. AU - Rust, J. P. AU - Farrington, C. AU - Bowen, D. T. C2 - 1998/// DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - On-line measurement of fabric bending behavior Part II: Effects of fabric nonlinear bending behavior AU - Zhou, N. Y. AU - ghosh, T2 - Textile Research Journal AB - A generalized fabric bending model is developed based on the nonlinear bending moment-curvature relationship of fabrics. This model makes it possible to theoretically investigate the effects of fabric nonlinear bending behavior on measured bending prop erty values. The dependence of measured parameters (e.g., bending length, bending rigidity) on the conditions for the cantilever and heart loop, loop 3, and loop 4 tests is determined theoretically. Calculated results show good agreement with experimental observations reported in the literature for the cantilever and heart loop. An important discovery in this investigation is that the bending length values calculated and measured from loop 3 and loop 4 are not influenced by fabric sample length if that length is beyond a certain critical value. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1177/004051759806800711 VL - 68 IS - 7 SP - 533–542 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heat induced shrinkage and microstructural changes in PET: As-spun fibres prepared via 'Controlled Threadline Dynamics' AU - Wu, G AU - Yoshida, T AU - Cuculo, JA T2 - POLYMER AB - Macroscopic shrinkage behaviour and microstructural changes in PET as-spun fibres prepared by a normal cooling and by a `Controlled Threadline Dynamics' (LIB)1 process have been investigated as a function of temperature. For normally cooled spun fibres, the shrinkage and microstructural changes may be respectively divided into two steps with increasing temperature. A significant shrinkage in the low temperature range was attributed mainly to a disorientation process in oriented noncrystalline chains. In the higher temperature region, the still relatively high but gradually decreasing shrinkage is related principally to the diminished disorientation process and a sequential crystallization process. In comparison with the normally cooled spun fibres, a small but monotonically increasing shrinkage was found in the case of the (LIB) samples. Structurally, a monotonic increase in crystallinity and a decrease in fraction of oriented noncrystalline phase were found to accompany the shrinkage behaviour. This indicates that the microstructural change and corresponding shrinkage in the LIB spun fibres is a one-step process. The ultra-high oriented noncrystalline structure which results from the LIB process may promote minimization of distance between molecular chains in the oriented noncrystalline regime, and enhance intermolecular cohesive forces. When the fibres are heat treated, large-scale molecular motion may be restricted because of high intermolecular interaction. Instead, local thermal motion of highly stretched noncrystalline chains may be activated, and the conversion from very taut noncrystalline chains to a crystalline phase may be easier because of smaller intermolecular distances and enhanced cohesive forces. Therefore, the entire process may be characterized mainly as a continuous mass transfer from oriented noncrystalline phase to crystalline phase in situ, eschewing massive molecular recoiling. This may result in restricted disorientation in the noncrystalline phase and consequently accompanied by apparently restricted shrinkage. © Elsevier Science Ltd. DA - 1998/12// PY - 1998/12// DO - 10.1016/S0032-3861(97)10269-5 VL - 39 IS - 25 SP - 6473-6482 SN - 0032-3861 KW - poly(ethylene terephthalate) KW - threadline modification KW - hot shrinkage ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acceptor and donor doping of AlxGa1-xN thin film alloys grown on 6H-SiC(0001) substrates via metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy AU - Bremser, MD AU - Perry, WG AU - Nam, OH AU - Griffis, DP AU - Loesing, R AU - Ricks, DA AU - Davis, RF T2 - JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS DA - 1998/4// PY - 1998/4// DO - 10.1007/s11664-998-0392-9 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 229-232 SN - 0361-5235 KW - 6H-SiC(0001) KW - acceptor doping KW - AlxGa1-xN KW - GaN KW - charge scattering KW - donor doping KW - electron mobility ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flow injection analysis of disperse dyeing of acetate and polyester AU - vanDelden, T. AU - Beck, K. R. AU - Smith, C. B. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 30 IS - 5 SP - 14-18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A case study in off-line quality control: characterization and optimization of batch dyeing process design AU - Koksal, G AU - Smith, WA AU - Fathi, Y AU - Lu, JCY AU - McGregor, R T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT AB - A method is provided and demonstrated for robust design of the batch dyeing process. This method is used to identify optimal batch dyeing process parameter settings, which produce target colour with the least colour variation within and among dyed fabric pieces. The robust design problem is defined in terms of the design objectives, control factors and noise factors. Performance measures are presented to evaluate mean and dispersion characteristics of the dyeing output. Design and conduct of experiments are discussed for developing empirical models of the performance measures, and these models are developed for the study case. The robust design problem is formulated and solved as a nonlinear programming problem. Confirmation of results and iterative use of the proposed design method are discussed. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1504/IJTM.1998.002676 VL - 16 IS - 4-6 SP - 358-382 SN - 0267-5730 KW - off-line quality control KW - quality engineering KW - parameter design KW - robust design KW - design optimization KW - textiles dyeing KW - colour control ER - TY - JOUR TI - Solvent and ultrasonic alternatives to perchloroethylene drycleaning of textiles AU - McCall, R. E. AU - Patel, F. M. A. AU - Mock, G. N. AU - Grady, P. L. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 30 IS - 11 SP - 11-18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chemically and geometrically enhanced focused ion beam micromachining AU - Russell, PE AU - Stark, TJ AU - Griffis, DP AU - Phillips, , JR AU - Jarausch, KF T2 - JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B AB - Improvements in focused ion beam (FIB) material removal rates utilizing geometric and chemical enhancement were investigated. Geometrical optimization of FIB micromachining of Permalloy and diamond was investigated to determine the magnitude of material removal rate gains that could be attained by increasing the angle of the ion beam with respect to the sample surface normal. The combination of geometrical optimization with chemical enhancement (C2Cl4 for Permalloy and H2O and XeF2 for diamond) was then investigated to determine whether additional gains in material removal rate could be attained. FIB sharpening of a diamond nanoindenter tip is also presented as a practical example of diamond micromachining with H2O as the removal rate enhancing species. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1116/1.590197 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 2494-2498 SN - 1071-1023 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Iron salts in the post-metallization of mordant dyes AU - Bardole, HA AU - Freeman, HS AU - Reife, A T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Iron (II) and iron (III) salts are used as mordanting agents in lieu of chromium ions, as a source reduction approach to eliminating chromium in dye effluents following the post-metallization of acid mordant dyes. Specifically, wool fabric is dyed with Mordant Yellow 8, Yellow 30, Orange 3, Orange 6, Red 7. Red 19, Blue 1, Blue 9, Blue 13, Brown 40, Black 1, and Black 11, then treated with iron salts. The complexes are characterized by negative ion fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry and absorp tion spectrophotometry, and the after-treated fabrics are evaluated for lightfastness and washfastness. Mordant dyes possessing either ortho, ortho'-bis(hydroxy)- phenylazopyrazole or ortho-hydroxy-phenylazonaphthol substituted chromophoric sys tems form the corresponding 1:2 metal : dye complex and undergo significant improve ments in lightfastness and washfastness following metallization. DA - 1998/2// PY - 1998/2// DO - 10.1177/004051759806800210 VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - 141-149 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Solid-state multipulse proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) characterization of self-assembling polymer films AU - Marjanski, M AU - Srinivasarao, M AU - Mirau, PA T2 - SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AB - Multipulse solid-state proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been used to study the domain structure in poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) triblock copolymers in clear and self-assembled polymer films. Films containing ordered arrays of microcavities (3-5 microm) were obtained by casting the polymer from carbon disulfide solution in a moist environment, while clear films were obtained by solvent evaporation under nitrogen. The domain sizes for the polystyrene and polyisoprene blocks were measured by proton spin diffusion using the dipolar filter pulse sequence. The domain sizes for the dispersed phase and the long period were measured to be in the range of 3-6 nm, depending on the polymer molecular weight, and no differences domain size were observed for the clear and the self-assembled polymer films. DA - 1998/9// PY - 1998/9// DO - 10.1016/S0926-2040(98)00057-5 VL - 12 IS - 2-3 SP - 113-118 SN - 0926-2040 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analytical probabilistic modeling of initial failure and reliability of laminated composite structures AU - Yushanov, SP AU - Bogdanovich, AE T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES AB - An analytical approach based on the theory of stochastic processes is developed for the stochastic initial failure analysis and reliability predictions of thin-walled laminated composite structures. The probability of initial failure is calculated using theory of rare passages of the random strain vector field out of the prescribed region of allowable states. The region is limited by the ultimate strain surfaces adopted for each individual layer in the laminate. The surfaces, in their turn, are defined in terms of the scatters in the ultimate strains for the composite layer. Reliability function of a composite layer having random elastic characteristics and loaded with random in-plane tractions is determined through the probability of its initial failure. The reliability function of the laminated composite structure is then calculated through the failure probabilities of individual layers, using the weakest link model. The proposed approach allows one to solve diverse stochastic problems and requires substantially less computational expenses than Monte Carlo simulation technique. The approach may be invaluable for a quick evaluation of various competitive design projects when considering laminated composite structures under the reliability constraint. Applications of the developed approach are illustrated on the examples of reliability predictions of laminated composite cylindrical shells under the effect of random internal pressure and laminated composite plates under random biaxial loading. Numerical results reveal specific probabilistic phenomena related to the effects of ply lay-up, scatters in mechanical and strength characteristics and random loading histories. Results obtained from the developed analytical approach are compared to those calculated with Monte Carlo simulation technique. DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1016/S0020-7683(97)00081-4 VL - 35 IS - 7-8 SP - 665-685 SN - 0020-7683 ER - TY - PCOMM TI - Scale heights of chemically treated wool and hair fibers AU - Tucker, P. A. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// SP - 229-230 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A correlation between tensile yarn parameters and production characteristics AU - Bauer-Kurz, I. AU - Oxenham, W. T2 - Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 1 IS - 1998 SP - 809-816 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early development of continuous carpet dyeing AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 30 IS - 8 SP - 66-71 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Better three dimensional fabric for reinforcement AU - Mohamed, M. H. T2 - High Performance Textiles DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - 1998 Oct. SP - 7-8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Balloon irregularities in ring spinning AU - Lord, PR AU - Rust, JP AU - Fenercioglu, F T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - If a ringframe could be run nearer the ideal conditions assumed in theory, a better operational efficiency and quality of product would be obtained. This paper examines some of the many types of deviation that occur in ring spinning. Some end-breaks are caused by predictable cyclic variations in force applied to the yarn, some are caused by weak points in the spinline, and some are caused by transient forces. The paper concentrates on these transients. They cause short-lived changes in yarn speed and geometry, which are associated with peaks in tension. The locus of elements of yarn near the vertex of the balloon can deviate greatly from the circular, and it is thought that periodic torque surges may be generated. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1080/00405009808658636 VL - 89 IS - 3 SP - 498-514 SN - 0040-5000 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Signal analysis of dynamic forces experienced by individual needles in high speed needle punching AU - Seyam, AM AU - Mohamed, A AU - Kim, H T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Dynamic forces experienced by individual needles are measured and investigated in time and frequency domains to deduce the needle force signal due to fiberweb resistance during penetration and withdrawal of the needles from the fiberweb. A technique de veloped to deduce a needle force signal due to fiberweb resistance for the entire nee dling cycle for any number of cycles enables the determination of peak penetration force, peak stripping force, and penetration and stripping energies due to fiberweb resistance. The force parameters are essential to loom and needle manufacturers for design purposes. Equally important, the force parameters are related to needled fabric end use performance. This relationship can be used to produce consistent fabric prop erties by controlling the process variables that influence needle force parameters. DA - 1998/4// PY - 1998/4// DO - 10.1177/004051759806800408 VL - 68 IS - 4 SP - 296-301 SN - 1746-7748 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of source emissions from finished textile fabrics AU - Martin, V. B. AU - Smith, C. B. AU - Gupta, B. S. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 15-19 ER -