TY - ER - TY - JOUR TI - Protective Clothing FOREWORD AU - Makinen, H. AU - DenHartog, E.A. T2 - International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 1 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Task Specific optimization of Clothing and Equipment for First responders [Taakgericht optimaliseren kleding en uitrusting hulpverleners] AU - Rypkema, J.A. AU - van der Horst, M.J. AU - Gaasbeek, R.C. AU - DenHartog, E.A. AU - Koning, L.de AU - van de Rijk, R. A3 - TNO DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// M1 - TNO-DV 2009 C625. M3 - Report PB - TNO SN - TNO-DV 2009 C625. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Challenges in Future Personal Protective Equipment – An Overview of Developments in User Needs AU - DenHartog, Emiel A. T2 - Research Journal of Textile and Apparel AB - The challenges to military and first responder personnel have considerably changed over the last few decades. Complex environments which consist of multiple threats also impose larger demands to personal protective clothing and equipment. As military and first responder personnel not only need to be protected, but also to perform their work, the development of their clothing and equipment is challenging. This paper serves as an overview of the issues that currently exist in protective clothing and equipment for these groups, addresses the most important needs, and aims to signal trends in this area, to provide input for research and development. DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// DO - 10.1108/rjta-14-04-2010-b003 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 22–37 SN - 1560-6074 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-14-04-2010-b003 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fourth European conference on protective clothing. AU - Mäkinen, H. AU - Den Hartog, E.A. T2 - International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 132-134 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77957277943&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - A 2-D Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiative Heat in Fibrous media AU - Arambakam, R. AU - Hosseini, S.A. AU - .Tafreshi, H.V AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - NET Inc., Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry (TAPPI) C2 - 2010/11// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - High Volume Micro & NanoFiber Production by Fiber Fibrillation AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Nanofibers for the 3rd Millennium C2 - 2010/// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/8/31/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Visualization of 3D Structures of Hydroentangled Nonwovens AU - Shim, E. AU - Suragani Venu, L.B. AU - Anantharamaiah, N. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - NET Inc., Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry (TAPPI) C2 - 2010/11// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - Elastomeric Durable Nonwovens Through the use of Novel Bicomponent Fibers AU - Anantharamaiah, N. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - NET Inc., Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry (TAPPI) C2 - 2010/11// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - Highly Stretchable Conductive Fibers AU - So, J. AU - Thelen, Jacob AU - Zhu, S. AU - Barnes, W. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Dickey, M. T2 - NET Inc., Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry (TAPPI) C2 - 2010/11// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - The Generation and Stability of Organic Films on Textile Surfaces AU - Lui, X. AU - Rojas, O. AU - Genzer, J. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - NET Inc., Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry (TAPPI) C2 - 2010/11// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - Novel Mechanism For Fabricating Aligned Electrospun Fibers and Converting Them to Nano-Structured Yarn AU - Sahbaee, A. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Nanofibers for the 3rd Millennium C2 - 2010/// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/8/31/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Polypropylene Nanofiber Production Via Melt Electrospinning Method AU - Kilic, A. AU - Shim, E. AU - Yeom, B. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Nanofibers for the 3rd Millennium C2 - 2010/// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/8/31/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Sol-Gel Electrospinning of Ceramic Nanofibers AU - Aykut, Y. AU - Khan, S. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Nanofibers for the 3rd Millennium C2 - 2010/// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/8/31/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Modeling Radiative Heat Transfer in Fibrous Insulation Media AU - Tahir, M.A. AU - Tafreshi, H.V. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - NET Inc., Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry (TAPPI) C2 - 2010/11// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - Modifying the Structure and Properties of Flash Spun Webs by Hydroentangling AU - Young, P. AU - Stahl, J. AU - Anantharamaiah, N. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - NET Inc., Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry (TAPPI) C2 - 2010/11// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - Nano-Meltblown Fibers for High Efficiency Filters AU - Hassan, M. AU - Khan, S. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Nanofibers for the 3rd Millennium C2 - 2010/// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/8/31/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Solution Blowing of Monolithic, Blended And Core-Shell Nanofibers AU - Yarin, A. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Sinha-Ray, S. T2 - Nanofibers for the 3rd Millennium C2 - 2010/// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/8/31/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Nano-composite fibers: Incorporation of Inorganic Nano-Particular Additives AU - Shim, E. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Nanofibers for the 3rd Millennium C2 - 2010/// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/8/31/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Nano-Fibrous Drug delivery Systems AU - Honarbakhsh, S. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Nanofibers for the 3rd Millennium C2 - 2010/// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/8/31/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - High Performance Coated Nonwovens for Outdoor Structures AU - Davis, S. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - Durable and Luanderable Antimicrobial Nonwovens AU - Ghosh, T. AU - Cottrell, S. AU - Anantharamaiah, N. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - NET Inc.,Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry (TAPPI) C2 - 2010/11// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - Modeling the Role of Fiber Orientation and Fiber Diameter Distribution on Collection Efficiency and Pressure Drop of Fibrous Filters AU - Fotovati, S. AU - Tafreshi, H.V. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - NET Inc., TAPPI C2 - 2010/11// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/// ER - TY - RPRT TI - Sensor device for real-time monitoring or relative movement using capacitive fabric sensors AU - Nagle, H.T. AU - Kang, T.-H. AU - Merritt, C. AU - Karaguzel, B. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Grant, E. DA - 2010/5/11/ PY - 2010/5/11/ M1 - US7712373B2 M3 - Patent SN - US7712373B2 ER - TY - CONF TI - Validation of Nanoporous Hollow Fiber Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Using hASCs AU - Haslauer, C.M. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Loboa, E.G. T2 - 14th Annual Hilton Head Workshop: Regenerative Medicine: Advancing to Next Generation Therapies C2 - 2010/3// C3 - Proceedings of the 14th Annual Hilton Head Workshop: Regenerative Medicine: Advancing to Next Generation Therapies CY - Hilton Head, SC DA - 2010/3// PY - 2010/3// ER - TY - CONF TI - Islands-in-the-sea Fibers With Interconnected Micropores For Bone Tissue Engineering AU - Haslauer, C.M. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Lobos, E.G. T2 - 56th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society C2 - 2010/3// C3 - Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society CY - New Orleans, LA DA - 2010/3// PY - 2010/3// ER - TY - CONF TI - Comparison of the Mechanical Properties Between 2D and 3D Orthogonal Woven Ramie Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites AU - Fang, X. AU - Zhang, Q. AU - Lu, C. AU - Qiu, Y. C2 - 2010/8// C3 - The 6th International Symposium for Materials & Kansei in Textile Fashion DA - 2010/8// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Catalytic performance of Pt nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide for methanol electro-oxidation AU - Li, Yongjie AU - Gao, Wei AU - Ci, Lijie AU - Wang, Chunming AU - Ajayan, Pulickel M. T2 - Carbon AB - We have investigated a simple approach for the deposition of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles onto surfaces of graphite oxide (GO) nanosheets with particle size in the range of 1–5 nm by ethylene glycol reduction. During Pt deposition, a majority of oxygenated functional groups on GO was removed, which resulted in a Pt/chemically converted graphene (Pt/CCG) hybrid. The electrochemically active surface areas of Pt/CCG and a comparative sample of Pt/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Pt/MWCNT) are 36.27 and 33.43 m2/g, respectively. The Pt/CCG hybrid shows better tolerance to CO for electro-oxidation of methanol compared to the Pt/MWCNT catalyst. Our study demonstrates that CCG can be an alternative two-dimensional support for Pt in direct methanol fuel cells. DA - 2010/4// PY - 2010/4// DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.11.034 VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - 1124-1130 J2 - Carbon LA - en OP - SN - 0008-6223 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.11.034 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - Three-Dimensional Deep Molded Structures with Enhanced Properties AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Little, Trevor J. DA - 2010/7/1/ PY - 2010/7/1/ M1 - 2004236166 M3 - Australia Patent SN - 2004236166 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Finite element analysis of barbed sutures in skin and tendon tissues AU - Ingle, N.P. AU - King, M.W. AU - Zikry, M.A. T2 - Journal of Biomechanics AB - Barbed surgical sutures are a new type of knotless suture that are currently being used clinically in cosmetic and plastic surgery procedures for faster healing and better cosmesis. Clinical studies are also underway to evaluate their performance in other deep tissue applications. However, little is known about their intrinsic mechanical behavior and their interactions with surrounding tissues. The primary objective of the current study was to analyze the mechanical behavior of barbed sutures using a finite element analysis approach. First, the effect of applying a point-pressure load to the tip of the barb and measuring its effect on barb displacement was studied. Second, the effect of an applied displacement to a barb anchored either in skin or tendon material for both the suture and the surrounding tissue. The results indicate that the flexibility of the barb can be increased or decreased by changing the barb geometry. It was concluded that the barb geometry and design need to be modified for use with different types of tissue. For example, in order to achieve the best mechanical anchoring with skin tissue the barb should be more flexible compared to the one designed to work with tendon tissue. The uniqueness of this study is that it is the first to establish a virtual prototyping and designing method for barbed sutures. For example, a new and improved virtual design of barb geometry is proposed and validated. It also provides the first report on how to develop a virtual bench top suture/tissue pullout testing environment. DA - 2010/3// PY - 2010/3// DO - 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.11.012 VL - 43 IS - 5 SP - 879-886 J2 - Journal of Biomechanics LA - en OP - SN - 0021-9290 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.11.012 DB - Crossref KW - Finite element analysis KW - Suture KW - Barbed KW - Tendon KW - Skin KW - Tissue ER - TY - CONF TI - Plasma induced graft polymerization of hydrophobic monomers on nonwoven substrates for fuel filtration applications AU - El-Shafei, A. AU - Mazloumpour, M. AU - Hauser, P. C2 - 2010/// C3 - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists International Conference 2010 DA - 2010/// SP - 307-315 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84865956867&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Visual and instrumental color assessment of complex patterns AU - Fang, G. AU - Shamey, R. AU - Hinks, D. AU - Cárdenas, L.M. AU - Zheng, J. T2 - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists International Conference 2010 DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// SP - 233-240 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84865961522&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The significance of variations in liquor ratio on sorption of reactive dyes in admixture applied to cellulose AU - Ozturk, M. AU - Dayioglu, H. AU - Shamey, R. T2 - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists International Conference 2010 DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// SP - 109-115 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84865956194&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of performance of twelve color-difference formulae using two NCSU experimental datasets AU - Shamey, R. AU - Hinks, D. AU - Melgosa, M. AU - Luo, R. AU - Cui, G. AU - Huertas, R. AU - Cárdenas, L. AU - Lee, S.G. T2 - 5th European Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging, and Vision and 12th International Symposium on Multispectral Colour Science 2010, CGIV 2010/MCS'10 DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// SP - 423-428 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78649348190&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of colorimetric attributes on perceived blackness of materials AU - Clonts, R. AU - Shamey, R. AU - Hinks, D. T2 - 5th European Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging, and Vision and 12th International Symposium on Multispectral Colour Science 2010, CGIV 2010/MCS'10 DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// SP - 83-87 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78649391167&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improved bleaching efficiency using cationic bleach activators AU - Xu, C. AU - Hinks, D. AU - Shamey, R. T2 - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists International Conference 2010 DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// SP - 209-218 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84865980973&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of a novel bleaching process for cellulosic fibers AU - Xu, C. AU - Hinks, D. AU - Shamey, R. T2 - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists International Conference 2010 DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// SP - 70-79 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84865964971&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analytical Study of the Heat Loss Attenuation by Clothing on Thermal Manikins Under Radiative Heat Loads AU - Den Hartog, Emiel A. AU - Havenith, George T2 - International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics AB - For wearers of protective clothing in radiation environments there are no quantitative guidelines available for the effect of a radiative heat load on heat exchange. Under the European Union funded project ThermProtect an analytical effort was defined to address the issue of radiative heat load while wearing protective clothing. As within the ThermProtect project much information has become available from thermal manikin experiments in thermal radiation environments, these sets of experimental data are used to verify the analytical approach. The analytical approach provided a good prediction of the heat loss in the manikin experiments, 95% of the variance was explained by the model. The model has not yet been validated at high radiative heat loads and neglects some physical properties of the radiation emissivity. Still, the analytical approach provides a pragmatic approach and may be useful for practical implementation in protective clothing standards for moderate thermal radiation environments. DA - 2010/1// PY - 2010/1// DO - 10.1080/10803548.2010.11076843 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 245-261 J2 - International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics LA - en OP - SN - 1080-3548 2376-9130 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2010.11076843 DB - Crossref KW - protective clothing KW - heat stress KW - heat budget models KW - thermal manikin KW - thermal radiation KW - infrared radiation KW - solar radiation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heat Gain From Thermal Radiation Through Protective Clothing With Different Insulation, Reflectivity and Vapour Permeability AU - Bröde, Peter AU - Kuklane, Kalev AU - Candas, Victor AU - Den Hartog, Emiel A. AU - Griefahn, Barbara AU - Holmér, Ingvar AU - Meinander, Harriet AU - Nocker, Wolfgang AU - Richards, Mark AU - Havenith, George T2 - International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics AB - The heat transferred through protective clothing under long wave radiation compared to a reference condition without radiant stress was determined in thermal manikin experiments. The influence of clothing insulation and reflectivity, and the interaction with wind and wet underclothing were considered. Garments with different outer materials and colours and additionally an aluminised reflective suit were combined with different number and types of dry and pre-wetted underwear layers. Under radiant stress, whole body heat loss decreased, i.e., heat gain occurred compared to the reference. This heat gain increased with radiation intensity, and decreased with air velocity and clothing insulation. Except for the reflective outer layer that showed only minimal heat gain over the whole range of radiation intensities, the influence of the outer garments' material and colour was small with dry clothing. Wetting the underclothing for simulating sweat accumulation, however, caused differing effects with higher heat gain in less permeable garments. DA - 2010/1// PY - 2010/1// DO - 10.1080/10803548.2010.11076842 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 231-244 J2 - International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics LA - en OP - SN - 1080-3548 2376-9130 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2010.11076842 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Static generation and dissipation of polyester continuous filament yarn AU - Suh, M. AU - Seyam, A. M. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Theyson, T. T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute AB - The effect of environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity) and contact conditions (yarn tension and speed) on static generation and dissipation of polyester flat continuous filament yarn, when rubbed against stainless steel was analyzed. A newly developed device, housed in an environmental room, was used to charge the yarn while moving under desired tension. The charge potentials were measured at two different positions in real time. These measurements and previously established exponential relationship permitted the calculation of the initial potential (at the generation point) and a ‘characteristic decay time’, which is a measure of static dissipation. Experimental data showed that temperature, humidity, yarn tension, and yarn speed have significant effects on static generation; while temperature, humidity, and yarn speed yielded statistically significant changes on static dissipation. Anomalous behavior of static charge when measured at a temperature of 35°C, provided a meaningful clue to control the environmental conditions in the textile industry. DA - 2010/2/22/ PY - 2010/2/22/ DO - 10.1080/00405000802377250 VL - 101 IS - 3 SP - 261-269 J2 - Journal of the Textile Institute LA - en OP - SN - 0040-5000 1754-2340 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000802377250 DB - Crossref KW - electrostatics KW - static charge generation KW - static charge dissipation KW - static charge measurement KW - coefficient of friction ER - TY - CONF TI - Digital Volume Imaging of the PEFC Gas Diffusion Layer AU - Mukherjee, Partha P. AU - Shim, Eunkyoung AU - Mukundan, Rangachary AU - Borup, Rodney L. AB - The gas diffusion layer (GDL) plays a key role in the overall performance/durability of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). Of profound importance, especially in the context of water management and flooding phenomena, is the influence of the underlying pore morphology and wetting characteristics of the GDL microstructure. In this article, we present the digital volumetric imaging (DVI) technique in order to generate the 3-D carbon paper GDL microstructure. The internal pore structure and the local microstructural variations in terms of fiber alignment and fiber/binder distributions are investigated using the several 3-D thin sections of the sample obtained from DVI. C2 - 2010/// DA - 2010/// DO - 10.1149/1.3484641 PB - The Electrochemical Society ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preparation and characterization of keratin-K2Ti6O13 whisker composite film AU - Liu, Y. AU - Yin, R. AU - Yu, W. T2 - African Journal of Biotechnology DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 9 IS - 20 SP - 2884-2890 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77952911673&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Properties Study of Wool Whiskers and Its Application C2 - 2010/5// C3 - International Forum on Biomedical Textile Materials DA - 2010/5// ER - TY - CONF TI - The Fracture Model of Bio-inspired Keratin Composites C2 - 2010/10// C3 - 12th International Wool Research Conference (IWRC 2010) DA - 2010/10// ER - TY - CONF TI - The Effect of Ring-spinning Parameters: Result from Theoretical Model C2 - 2010/10// C3 - 2nd International Conference on Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology DA - 2010/10// ER - TY - CONF TI - Artificial Parameter Perturbation Method and Parameter-Expansion Method Used in Accurate Prediction of the Ring-Spinning Balloon in Zero Air Drag AU - Yin, R. AU - Liu, Y. AU - Gu, H. AB - Numerical solutions of quasi-stationary ring-spinning equations have been extensively investigated after the appearance of computer. However, mathematicians and engineers are more willing to obtain analytical solutions. This paper presents a technique for analytical solution of the dynamics of ring-spinning balloon. Artificial parameter is introduced in order to be used as an expanding parameter. Parameter-expansion method is also used to enlarge the feasible region. Detailed derivation of the analytical solution is presented and the air drag is not considered to simplify the procedure. Some results are performed, from which this method seems to be very efficient and reliable in the prediction of ring-spinning process. C2 - 2010/11// C3 - 2010 International Conference on System Science, Engineering Design and Manufacturing Informatization DA - 2010/11// DO - 10.1109/icsem.2010.67 VL - 1 SP - 222-225 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsem.2010.67 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry utilizing ion-molecule reactions and collision-activated dissociation for the identification of N-oxide drug metabolites AU - Habicht, Steven C. AU - Duan, Penggao AU - Vinueza, Nelson R. AU - Fu, Mingkun AU - Kenttämaa, Hilkka I. T2 - Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis AB - A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS3) method based on ion-molecule reactions and collision-activated dissociation (CAD) is presented for the identification of analytes with the N-oxide functional group directly in mixtures. Tri(dimethylamino)borane (TDMAB) rapidly and selectively derivatizes protonated N-oxides in a modified commercial linear quadrupole ion trap (LQIT) mass spectrometer to yield a distinct product ion (adduct—(CH3)2NH). The LQIT was outfitted with an external reagent-mixing manifold that allows TDMAB to be mixed with the helium buffer gas used in the trap. The derivatized analytes are readily identified on the basis of a shift of 98 Th (Thomson) relative to the m/z value of the protonated analyte. Further probing of the derivatized analytes via isolation followed by CAD can be used to confirm the presence of an N-oxide, and distinguish between aliphatic and aromatic tertiary N-oxides. Since the ion-molecule reaction is fast, these experiments can be accomplished on the same time scale as typical CAD-based MSn experiments, thus maintaining the duty cycle of the instrument for this type of experiment. To demonstrate real world applicability, the method was tested on real active pharmaceutical ingredients and their derivatives. DA - 2010/3// PY - 2010/3// DO - 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.09.047 VL - 51 IS - 4 SP - 805-811 J2 - Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis LA - en OP - SN - 0731-7085 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2009.09.047 DB - Crossref KW - Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) KW - Tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) KW - N-oxide KW - Ion-molecule reactions KW - Structural elucidation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption Coupled with a Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer AU - Habicht, Steven C. AU - Amundson, Lucas M. AU - Duan, Penggao AU - Vinueza, Nelson R. AU - Kenttämaa, Hilkka I. T2 - Analytical Chemistry AB - In recent years, laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD) coupled with a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer has been demonstrated to provide a valuable technique for the analysis of a wide variety of nonvolatile, thermally labile compounds, including analytes that could not previously be analyzed by mass spectrometry. Although FT-ICR instruments are very powerful, they are also large and expensive and, hence, mainly used as research instruments. In contrast, linear quadrupole ion trap (LQIT) mass spectrometers are common due to several qualities that make these instruments attractive for both academic and industrial settings, such as high sensitivity, large dynamic range, and experimental versatility. Further, the relatively small size of the instruments, comparatively low cost, and the lack of a magnetic field provide some distinct advantages over FT-ICR instruments. Hence, we have coupled the LIAD technique with a commercial LQIT, the Thermo Fischer Scientific LTQ mass spectrometer. The LQIT was modified for a LIAD probe by outfitting the removable back plate of the instrument with a 6 in. ConFlat flange (CFF) port, gate valve, and sample lock. Reagent ions were created using the LQIT's atmospheric pressure ionization source and trapped in the mass analyzer for up to 10 s to allow chemical ionization reactions with the neutral molecules desorbed via LIAD. These initial experiments focused on demonstrating the feasibility of performing LIAD in the LQIT. Hence, the results are compared to those obtained using an FT-ICR mass spectrometer. Despite the lower efficiency in the transfer of desorbed neutral molecules into the ion trap, and the smaller maximum number of available laser pulses, the intrinsically higher sensitivity of the LQIT resulted in a higher sensitivity relative to the FT-ICR. DA - 2010/1/15/ PY - 2010/1/15/ DO - 10.1021/ac901943k VL - 82 IS - 2 SP - 608-614 J2 - Anal. Chem. LA - en OP - SN - 0003-2700 1520-6882 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac901943k DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Data-dependent neutral gain MS3: Toward automated identification of the N-Oxide functional group in drug metabolites AU - Habicht, Steven C. AU - Vinueza, Nelson R. AU - Duan, Penggao AU - Fu, Mingkun AU - Kenttämaa, Hilkka I. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry AB - We report here an automated method for the identification of N-oxide functional groups in drug metabolites by using the combination of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MSn) based on ion-molecule reactions and collision-activated dissociation (CAD). Data-dependent acquisition, which has been readily utilized for metabolite characterization using CAD-based methods, is adapted for use with ion-molecule reaction-based tandem mass spectrometry by careful choice of select experimental parameters. Two different experiments utilizing ion-molecule reactions are demonstrated, data-dependent neutral gain MS3 and data-dependent neutral gain pseudo-MS3, both of which generate functional group selective mass spectral data in a single experiment and facilitate increased throughput in structural elucidation of unknown mixture components. Initial results have been generated by using an LC/MSn method based on ion-molecule reactions developed earlier for the identification of the N-oxide functional group in pharmaceutical samples, a notoriously difficult functional group to identify via CAD alone. Since commercial software and straightforward, external instrument modification are used, these experiments are readily adaptable to the industrial pharmaceutical laboratory. DA - 2010/4// PY - 2010/4// DO - 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.12.015 VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 559-563 J2 - J Am Soc Mass Spectrom LA - en OP - SN - 1044-0305 1879-1123 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2009.12.015 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - A facile approach to fabricate porous nylon 6 nanofibers using silica nanotemplate AU - Shi, Quan AU - Vitchuli, Narendiran AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Nowak, Joshua AU - McCord, Marian AU - Bourham, Mohamed AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - Abstract Porous Nylon 6 nanofibers were prepared using silica nanoparticles as the template. Firstly, Nylon 6/silica composite nanofibers were prepared as precursors by electrospinning Nylon 6 solutions containing different contents of silica nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine the surface morphology and the inner structure of composite nanofibers; where it was found that silica nanoparticles were distributed both inside and on the surface of nanofibers. Analytical techniques [Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction) were used to study the structure and properties of these composite nanofibers. The glass transition, melting, and crystallization processes of the fibers were affected by the addition of silica nanoparticles. Secondly, porous Nylon 6 nanofibers were obtained by removing silica nanoparticles via hydrofluoric acid treatment. The removal of silica nanoparticles was confirmed using FTIR and TGA tests. SEM and TEM observations revealed the formation of the porous structure in these nanofibers. After the formation of the porous structure, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface areas of nanofibers were increased as compared to solid Nylon 6 and composite nanofibers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 DA - 2010/10/14/ PY - 2010/10/14/ DO - 10.1002/app.33161 VL - 120 IS - 1 SP - 425-433 J2 - J. Appl. Polym. Sci. LA - en OP - SN - 0021-8995 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.33161 DB - Crossref KW - electrospinning KW - nanocomposite KW - porous nanofibers KW - Nylon 6 ER - TY - CONF TI - Exploration of polymer conformational similarities in polymer-carbon nanotube interfaces AU - Thakur, Sidharth AU - Tallury, Syamal AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A. T2 - IEEE AB - We are using molecular simulations to investigate the interface between the polymer matrix and the carbon nanotube reinforcement, which is the key aspect of the bulk properties of nanocomposites. These simulations are typically analyzed with standard techniques like graphs and animations; however, existing methods are limited for certain exploratory tasks for analyzing the interfacial domains. We present a supplemental exploratory approach that employs standard effective visual-analytical techniques to analyze spatial and temporal properties of the polymer-carbon nanotube interfaces. Our approach is based on a computational method that uses a numerical measure of similarity to compare multiple molecular conformations. We discuss some numerical measures for exploring the behavior of polymer molecules in interfacial domains and present a matrix-based visualization to display and explore local and global similarity relationships of the polymer structures, including dynamical aspects. These methods constitute our initial efforts for using visual-analytical tools to relate the interfacial dynamics to macroscopic properties of the nanocomposite interfaces. C2 - 2010/3// C3 - Proceedings of the IEEE SoutheastCon 2010 (SoutheastCon) DA - 2010/3// DO - 10.1109/secon.2010.5453860 SP - 320-323 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77952730801&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Effect of cellulose surface orientation on contaminant adhesion studied by molecular dynamics simulation AU - Quddus, Mir A AU - Rojas, Orlando J AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A T2 - AMER CHEMICAL SOC 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA C2 - 2010/// C3 - ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY DA - 2010/// VL - 239 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of aliphatic segment length on nylon-SWCNT interactions via molecular dynamics simulations AU - Tallury, Syamal S AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A T2 - Polymer Preprints DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 51 IS - 1 SP - 207 ER - TY - CONF TI - A Systematic Study of Noncovalent Interactions Between Polymers and Carbon Nanotubes via Molecular Dynamics Simulations AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa AU - Tallury, Syamal C2 - 2010/// C3 - APS Meeting Abstracts DA - 2010/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Visual-Analytical Exploration of the Microstructure of Polymer-Based Nanomaterials AU - Pasquinelli, M.A. AU - Thakur, S.A. C2 - 2010/8// DA - 2010/8// N1 - Acceptance Rate: By invitation only. RN - Acceptance Rate: By invitation only. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Formation and characterization of core-sheath nanofibers through electrospinning and surface-initiated polymerization AU - Ji, L. W. AU - Lin, Z. AU - Li, Y. AU - Li, S. L. AU - Liang, Y. Z. AU - Toprakci, O. AU - Shi, Q. A. AU - Zhang, X. W. T2 - Polymer DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 51 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabrication and electrochemical characteristics of LiFePO4 powders for lithium-Ion batteries AU - Toprakci, O. AU - Toprakci, H. A. K. AU - Ji, L. W. AU - Zhang, X. W. T2 - Kona Powder and Particle Journal DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabrication and Electrochemical Characteristics of LiFePO(4) Powders for Lithium-Ion Batteries AU - Toprakci, Ozan AU - Toprakci, Hatice A. K. AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - Kona Powder and Particle Journal DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// IS - 28 SP - 50-73 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrodeposition of MnOx onto Carbon Nano-Fibers to Form a Composite for Anode Material in Lithium-Ion Batteries AU - Woodroof, Mariah D. AU - Lin, Zhan AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - NC State University Undergraduate Research Journal DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 7 SP - 2-7 ER - TY - CONF TI - Electrospun Nanofibers for Protective Applications C2 - 2010/4// C3 - COT Research Open House DA - 2010/4// ER - TY - CONF TI - Electrodeposition of MnOx onto Carbon Nano-Fibers to Form a Composite for Anode Material in Lithium-Ion Batteries C2 - 2010/4// C3 - 19th Annual NC State Undergraduate Research Spring Symposium DA - 2010/4// ER - TY - CONF TI - Carbon Nanofiber-Supported Platinum and Platinum-Ruthenium Nanoparticles for Use as Anode Electrodes in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells C2 - 2010/3// C3 - Fifth Annual NC State University Graduate Student Research Symposium DA - 2010/3// ER - TY - CONF TI - Preparation and Durability Improvement of PVDF Nanofiber on Poly-Olefin Membranes C2 - 2010/8// C3 - 2010 NC State Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium DA - 2010/8// ER - TY - CONF TI - Metal Oxide Electrodeposited Carbon Nanofibers as Cathode Material in Lithium-Air Battery C2 - 2010/8// C3 - 2010 NC State Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium DA - 2010/8// ER - TY - CONF TI - Composite Tin Oxide-Carbon Electrospun Nanofibers for Use as Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes C2 - 2010/8// C3 - Nano for the 3rd Millenium 2010 DA - 2010/8// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development and application of expert systems in the textile industry AU - Shamey, R. AU - Shim, W.S. AU - Joines, J.A. T2 - Modelling and Predicting Textile Behaviour AB - Abstract: North Carolina State University, USAAbstract: The textile and color industry has experienced many technological advances, which have resulted in improvements in quality and productivity. These advances have often accompanied reductions in personnel resources and a diminishing expertise base. Conversely, the resolution of problems in the global manufacturing complex increasingly go beyond the abilities of individual experts and can be very time consuming as the process is influenced by a large number of, often, interactive variables. The application of expert systems in the textile industry can help address many of these problems more effectively and economically. In this chapter, an overview of expert system technology is given and different types of expert systems including rule-based, fault trees, model-based, machine learning and hybrid approaches are described and compared. A brief review of system principles, strengths and shortcomings is given and the development strategy is described. Finally, various applications of expert systems in different sectors of the textile industry including product components (fibre, yarn and fabric), coloration and finishing as well as supply chain and management are highlighted and future trends are briefly portrayed. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1533/9781845697211.2.494 SP - 494-519 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developing a Cost Model for Sourcing Products for Different Distribution Channels AU - Fiallos, Max DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of a comprehensive visual dataset based on a CIE blue color center: Assessment of color difference formulae using various statistical methods AU - Lee, Seung Geol AU - Shamey, Renzo AU - Hinks, David AU - Jasper, Warren T2 - Color Research & Application AB - The objectives of this work were to develop a comprehensive visual dataset around one CIE blue color center, NCSU-B1, and to use the new dataset to test the performance of the major color difference formulae in this region of color space based on various statistical methods. The dataset comprised of 66 dyed polyester fabrics with small color differences () around a CIE blue color center. The visual difference between each sample and the color center was assessed by 26 observers in three separate sittings using a modified AATCC gray scale and a total of 5148 assessments were obtained. The performance of CIELAB, CIE94, CMC(l:c), BFD(l:c), and CIEDE2000 (KL:KC:KH) color difference formulae based on the blue dataset was evaluated at various KL (or l) values using PF/3, conventional correlation coefficient (r), Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ) and the STRESS function. The optimum range for KL (or l) was found to be 1–1.3 based on PF/3, 1.4–1.7 based on r, and 1–1.4 based on STRESS, and in these ranges the performances of CIEDE2000, CMC, BFD and CIE94 were not statistically different at the 95% confidence level. At KL (or l) = 1, the performance of CIEDE2000 was statistically improved compared to CMC, CIE94 and CIELAB. Also, for NCSU-B1, the difference in the performance of CMC (2:1) from the performance of CMC (1:1) was statistically insignificant at 95% confidence. The same result was obtained when the performance of all the weighted color difference formulae were compared for KL (or l) 1 versus 2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011 DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1002/col.20549 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 27-41 KW - color difference KW - visual assessment KW - gray scale KW - PF/3 KW - STRESS KW - CIE blue color center ER - TY - BOOK TI - Simulation Modeling with SIMIO: A Workbook (Spanish Version) AU - Joines, J.A. AU - Roberts, S.D. AU - Otamendi, J. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// PB - Simio LLC ER - TY - BOOK TI - Simulation Modeling with SIMIO: A Workbook (Portuguese Version) AU - Joines, J.A. AU - Roberts, S.D. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// PB - Simio LLC ER - TY - BOOK TI - Simulation Modeling with SIMIO: A Workbook (Italian Version) AU - Joines, J.A. AU - Roberts, S.D. AU - Rubio, M. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// PB - Simio LLC ER - TY - BOOK TI - Simulation Modeling with SIMIO: A Workbook (Chinese Version) AU - Joines, J.A. AU - Roberts, S.D. AU - Zhou, Z. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// PB - Simio LLC ER - TY - BOOK TI - Simulation Modeling with SIMIO: A Workbook AU - Joines, J.A. AU - Roberts, S.D. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// PB - Simio LLC SN - 978-0-9829782-2-1 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Integrating learning, discovery, and engagement through the scholarship of engagement AU - Engagement, Task Force A3 - Raleigh, NC: NCSU Office of Extension, Engagement, and Economic Development DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// PB - Raleigh, NC: NCSU Office of Extension, Engagement, and Economic Development ER - TY - JOUR TI - Profiles of Liquid Drops at the Tips of Cylindrical Fibers AU - Du, Jinmei AU - Michielsen, Stephen AU - Lee, Hoon Joo T2 - LANGMUIR AB - In 1976, B. J. Carroll derived the equation to show that a symmetric liquid droplet sitting on a thin cylindrical fiber would acquire a bell shape at equilibrium. We have extended his derivation to describe a drop located at the top end of a vertical, cylindrical fiber. By minimizing the Gibbs free energy of the drop at the fiber tip, it was found that the drop consists of two portions, a spherical cap on the fiber tip and a full, symmetrical bell located on the fiber body adjacent to the fiber tip. The experimental verification of the predicted shapes was performed using water, ethylene glycol, and Kaydol drops on nylon cylindrical fibers. Only four parameters are required to obtain agreement between the theoretical shape and the observed shape: the drop volume, the fiber radius, the surface tension of the liquid, and the Young contact angle of the liquid on a flat surface of the same composition as the fiber. DA - 2010/10/19/ PY - 2010/10/19/ DO - 10.1021/la1031448 VL - 26 IS - 20 SP - 16000-16004 SN - 0743-7463 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000282936700041&KeyUID=WOS:000282936700041 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pathology in Practice AU - Palgrave, Christopher J. AU - Hunter, Stuart A. AU - Clarke, Dawn M. AU - Hess, Paul R. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION DA - 2010/10/15/ PY - 2010/10/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.237.8.911 VL - 237 IS - 8 SP - 911-913 SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanically Robust, Rapidly Actuating, and Biologically Functionalized Macroporous Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Silk Hybrid Hydrogels AU - Gil, Eun Seok AU - Park, Sang-Hyug AU - Tien, Lee W. AU - Trimmer, Barry AU - Hudson, Samuel M. AU - Kaplan, David L. T2 - LANGMUIR AB - A route toward mechanically robust, rapidly actuating, and biologically functionalized polymeric actuators using macroporous soft materials is described. The materials were prepared by combining silk protein and a synthetic polymer (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIAPPm)) to form interpenetrating network materials and macroporous structures by freeze-drying, with hundreds of micrometer diameter pores and exploiting the features of both polymers related to dynamic materials and structures. The chemically cross-linked PNIPAAm networks provided stimuli-responsive features, while the silk interpenetrating network formed by inducing protein β-sheet crystallinity in situ for physical cross-links provided material robustness, improved expansion force, and enzymatic degradability. The macroporous hybrid hydrogels showed enhanced thermal-responsive properties in comparison to pure PNIPAAm hydrogels, nonporous silk/PNIPAAm hybrid hydrogels, and previously reported macroporous PNIPAAm hydrogels. These new systems reach near equilibrium sizes in shrunken/swollen states in less than 1 min, with the structural features providing improved actuation rates and stable oscillatory properties due to the macroporous transport and the mechanically robust silk network. Confocal images of the hydrated hydrogels around the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) revealed macropores that could be used to track changes in the real time morphology upon thermal stimulus. The material system transformed from a macroporous to a nonporous structure upon enzymatic degradation. To extend the utility of the system, an affinity platform for a switchable or tunable system was developed by immobilizing biotin and avidin on the macropore surfaces. DA - 2010/10/5/ PY - 2010/10/5/ DO - 10.1021/la102509a VL - 26 IS - 19 SP - 15614-15624 SN - 0743-7463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An intermetallic Fe-Zr catalyst used for growing long carbon nanotube arrays AU - Zhao, Haibo AU - Bradford, Philip D. AU - Wang, Xin AU - Liu, Wei AU - Luo, Tzy Jiun Mark AU - Jia, Quanxi AU - Zhu, Yuntian AU - Yuan, Fuh-Gwo T2 - MATERIALS LETTERS AB - Metallic nanoparticles containing single and binary components have been known for their catalytic properties to grow carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. In this paper, an intermetallic catalyst consisting of iron and zirconium was used to grow millimeter long, well aligned arrays. The Fe–Zr catalysts enabled the growth of 1.7 mm-long carbon nanotube arrays in 45 min. A comparison with pure iron catalyst indicated that adding Zr to iron can stabilize the Fe catalyst at the CNT growth temperature and moderate its reactivity. SEM images showed the different growth behaviors for Fe–Zr and Fe catalysts. The long, uniform CNT arrays grown here have potential applications in many advanced composites. DA - 2010/9/30/ PY - 2010/9/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.05.045 VL - 64 IS - 18 SP - 1947-1950 SN - 1873-4979 KW - Carbon nanotube KW - Chemical vapor deposition KW - Fe-Zr ER - TY - CONF TI - Applications of UV curing on textiles AU - Li, S. G. AU - Boyter, H. C2 - 2010/// C3 - Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology DA - 2010/// SP - 336-343 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Properties of polystyrene/poly(dimethyl siloxane) blends partially compatibilized with star polymers containing a gamma-cyclodextrin core and polystyrene arms AU - Busche, Brad J. AU - Tonelli, Alan E. AU - Balik, C. Maurice T2 - POLYMER AB - Abstract A star polymer with a γ-CD core and PS arms (CD-star) is used to partially compatibilize blends of the immiscible polymers polystyrene (PS) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The mechanism of compatibilization is threading of the CD core by PDMS and subsequent solubilization in the PS matrix facilitated by the star arms. Films cast from clear solutions in chloroform exhibit large wispy PDMS domains, indicating that some dethreading of CD-star and agglomeration of PDMS takes place during the slow process of solvent evaporation. However, DSC and DMA data show that partial compatibilization takes place, as evidenced by a shift in the PS and PDMS Tgs toward each other. The shift in PS Tg is greater when CD-star is present compared to samples without CD-star. PDMS also tends to leach out of the solution-cast films during solvent evaporation and post-processing of the films. The amount of retained PDMS is significantly increased when CD-star is present. The DMA data also show that PDMS has a lower molecular mobility when CD-star is present. DA - 2010/11/26/ PY - 2010/11/26/ DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.024 VL - 51 IS - 25 SP - 6013-6020 SN - 1873-2291 KW - Blends KW - Compatibilization KW - gamma-CD-star polymer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabrication and electrochemical characteristics of LiFePO4 powders for lithium-Ion batteries AU - Toprakci, O. AU - Toprakci, H. A. K. AU - Ji, L. W. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - Kona Powder and Particle Journal AB - Novel powder fabrication technologies provide opportunities to develop high-performance, low-cost cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Among various energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have been considered as effective solution to the increasing need for high-energy density electrochemical power sources. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries offer energy densities 2–3 times and power densities 5–6 times higher than conventional Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries, and as a result, they weigh less and take less space for a given energy delivery. However, the use of lithium-ion batteries in many large applications such as electric vehicles and storage devices for future power grids is hindered by the poor thermal stability, relatively high toxicity, and high cost of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) powders, which are currently used as the cathode material in commercial lithium-ion batteries. Recently, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) powders have become a favorable cathode material for lithium-ion batteries because of their low cost, high discharge potential (around 3.4 V versus Li/Li+), large specific capacity (170 mAh/g), good thermal stability, and high abundance with the environmentally benign and safe nature. As a result, there is a huge demand for the production of high-performance LiFePO4 powders. However, LiFePO4 also has its own limitation such as low conductivity (∼10−9 S/cm), which results in poor rate capability. This can be addressed by modifying the powder structure using novel fabrication technologies. This paper presents an overview of recent advances in the fabrication of high-performance LiFePO4 powders for lithium-ion batteries. The LiFePO4 powder fabrication methods covered include: solid-state synthesis, mechanochemical activation, carbothermal reduction, microwave heating, hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel synthesis, spray pyrolysis, co-precipitation, microemulsion drying, and others. The impacts of these fabrication methods on the structure and performance of LiFePO4 powders are discussed. In addition, the improvement of the conductivity of LiFePO4 powders through novel powder technologies is addressed. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.14356/kona.2010008 IS - 28 SP - 50–73 UR - https://publons.com/publon/674400/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Compressional and recovery behaviour of highloft nonwovens AU - Das, D. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 303-309 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of Unique Hue Stimuli Determined by Two Different Methods Using Munsell Color Chips AU - Shamey, Renzo AU - Sedito, Michael G. AU - Kuehni, Rolf G. T2 - COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION AB - Abstract Unique hue stimuli were determined by male and female observers using two different visual experimental procedures involving Munsell color chips of varying hue but identical chroma and value. The hypothesis was that unique hues can be more reliably established by explicit selection from a series of ordered stimuli than implicitly by hue scaling a series of stimuli in terms of neighboring UHs and this was statistically confirmed. The implicit selections based on long term memory of UHs appears to have been more challenging to observers since variability was increased by nearly 50% compared to when UHs were explicitly selected. The ranges of unique hues selected in the two methods were, however, comparable and no statistically significant difference was found between the results of females and males. The intra‐observer variability in picking a stimulus to represent a unique hue, for all observers and averaged for all hues, was approximately 12% of the mean spread of unique hues, confirming that the large inter‐observer variability is driven by differences in color vision and perhaps cognitive processes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010 DA - 2010/12// PY - 2010/12// DO - 10.1002/col.20560 VL - 35 IS - 6 SP - 419-424 SN - 1520-6378 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78349293404&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - unique hues KW - observer variability KW - Munsell color chips KW - color vision ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel approach to fabricate high volume fraction nanocomposites with long aligned carbon nanotubes AU - Bradford, Philip D. AU - Wang, Xin AU - Zhao, Haibo AU - Maria, Jon-Paul AU - Jia, Quanxi AU - Zhu, Y. T. T2 - COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - Conventional micro-fiber-reinforced composites provide insight into critical structural features needed for obtaining maximum composite strength and stiffness: the reinforcements should be long, well aligned in a unidirectional orientation, and should have a high reinforcement volume fraction. It has long been a challenge for researchers to process CNT composites with such structural features. Here we report a method to quickly produce macroscopic CNT composites with a high volume fraction of millimeter long, well aligned CNTs. Specifically, we use the novel method, shear pressing, to process tall, vertically aligned CNT arrays into dense aligned CNT preforms, which are subsequently processed into composites. Alignment was confirmed through SEM analysis while a CNT volume fraction in the composites was calculated to be 27%, based on thermogravimetric analysis data. Tensile testing of the preforms and composites showed promising mechanical properties with tensile strengths reaching 400 MPa. DA - 2010/11/15/ PY - 2010/11/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.07.020 VL - 70 IS - 13 SP - 1980-1985 SN - 1879-1050 KW - Carbon nanotubes KW - Nanocomposites KW - Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) KW - Electrical properties KW - Mechanical properties ER - TY - JOUR TI - Secondary ion mass spectrometry characterization of anomalous behavior for low dose ion implanted phosphorus in silicon AU - Penley, C. AU - Stevie, F. A. AU - Griffis, D. P. AU - Siebel, S. AU - Kulig, L. AU - Lee, J. T2 - JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B AB - Significant changes over time have been observed in surface and near surface phosphorus concentration for low dose phosphorus implants measured using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with cesium bombardment. These variations in concentration affect the ability to make reproducible dose measurements. Phosphorus measurements have been documented for samples from wafers kept at ambient conditions and also for those stored in a range of other conditions including heat, high humidity, low humidity, and liquid nitrogen. An initial study of wafers ion implanted over a range of doses showed that the change in the surface phosphorus concentration was most apparent for the lowest phosphorus dose (1×1012 atoms/cm2) and that heating the sample resulted in the most significant change (increase in almost three orders of magnitude) in apparent surface P concentration. Only the specimens stored at liquid nitrogen temperature showed no change in P surface concentration. SIMS analysis conditions were optimized and a second set of analyses were performed on wafers that included different wafer processing (thicker surface oxide, preamorphization, and anneal) in an effort to reduce the change in surface phosphorus. Significant improvement in P dose reproducibility was noted for the wafer that had been implanted through a 5 nm oxide and stored in dry conditions. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1116/1.3406141 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 511-516 SN - 2166-2746 KW - amorphisation KW - annealing KW - doping profiles KW - elemental semiconductors KW - ion implantation KW - phosphorus KW - secondary ion mass spectra KW - silicon ER - TY - JOUR TI - Palladium nanoparticle microemulsions: Formation and use in catalytic hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene AU - Liang, Chunhua AU - Han, Jianguo AU - Shen, Kaihua AU - Wang, Legang AU - Zhao, Defeng AU - Freeman, Harold S. T2 - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL AB - The formation and catalytic properties of well-dispersed palladium (Pd) nanoparticles in water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions containing octadecyl amine polyoxyethylene ether (OAPE-5) and hydrogenated tallow amine (HTA) have been investigated. The size and structure of the nanoparticles were characterized by TEM and XRD analyses and the effects of microemulsion composition on particle sizes were assessed using FTIR spectroscopy. The results of TEM and XRD indicated that the particles were of a face centered cubic structure form and their mean diameter was 10 nm. Results of FTIR analysis indicated strong interactions between Pd nanoparticles and surfactant molecules. Use of these Pd nanoparticles for the hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene in the presence of alkali produced a 3:1 ratio of aniline to o-chloroaniline and none of the frequently observed nitrobenzene or 2,2′-dichlorohydrazoebenzene. DA - 2010/12/1/ PY - 2010/12/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.cej.2010.10.022 VL - 165 IS - 2 SP - 709-713 SN - 1873-3212 KW - Palladium nanoparticles KW - Microemulsion KW - Hydrogenation KW - o-Chloronitrobenzene ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assembly of Carbon-SnO2 Core-Sheath Composite Nanofibers for Superior Lithium Storage AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Lin, Zhan AU - Guo, Bingkun AU - Medford, Andrew J. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL AB - Protective coating: Carbon–SnO2 core–sheath composite nanofibers are synthesized through the creative combination of electrospinning and electrodeposition processes (see figure). They display excellent electrochemical performance when directly used as binder-free anodes for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1002/chem.201001564 VL - 16 IS - 38 SP - 11543-11548 SN - 1521-3765 UR - https://publons.com/publon/6540086/ KW - carbon nanofibers KW - energy storage KW - lithium KW - sustainable chemistry KW - tin oxide ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adsorption of a Nonionic Symmetric Triblock Copolymer on Surfaces with Different Hydrophobicity AU - Liu, Xiaomeng AU - Wu, Dong AU - Turgman-Cohen, Salomon AU - Genzer, Jan AU - Theyson, Thomas W. AU - Rojas, Orlando J. T2 - LANGMUIR AB - This study investigates the adsorption of a symmetric triblock nonionic polymer comprising ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) blocks (Pluronic P-105, EO37PO56EO37) on a range of substrates including hydrophobic, i.e., polypropylene (PP), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), nylon, and graphite, and hydrophilic, i.e., cellulose and silica. The adsorption process and the structure of the hydrated adsorbed layers are followed by quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and atomic force microscopy. The unhydrated surfaces are characterized by ellipsometry and contact angle techniques. The adsorption kinetics and the extent of adsorption are determined by monitoring the changes in resonance frequency and refractive index of sensors coated with ultrathin films of the various substrates. Langmuirian-type adsorption kinetics is observed in all cases studied. The amount of adsorbed Pluronic on hydrophobic polymer surfaces (PP, PET, and nylon) exceeds that on the hydrophilic cellulose. The hydrophobic (graphite) mineral surface adsorbs relatively low polymer mass, typical of a monolayer, while micellar structures are observed on the hydrophilic silica surface. The amount of water coupled to the adsorbed polymer layers is quantified by combining data from QCM, and SPR are found to increase with increasing polarity of the substrate. On the basis of contact angle data, the nonhydrated adsorbed structures produce modest increases in hydrophilicity of all the substrates investigated. Overall, insights are provided into the structure and stability of both hydrated and nonhydrated adsorbed triblock copolymer. DA - 2010/6/15/ PY - 2010/6/15/ DO - 10.1021/la100156a VL - 26 IS - 12 SP - 9565-9574 SN - 0743-7463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temperature-Dependent Subsurface Growth during Atomic Layer Deposition on Polypropylene and Cellulose Fibers AU - Jur, Jesse S. AU - Spagnola, Joseph C. AU - Lee, Kyoungmi AU - Gong, Bo AU - Peng, Qing AU - Parsons, Gregory N. T2 - LANGMUIR AB - Nucleation and subsequent growth of aluminum oxide by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on polypropylene fiber substrates is strongly dependent on processing temperature and polymer backbone structure. Deposition on cellulose cotton, which contains ample hydroxyl sites for ALD nucleation and growth on the polymer backbone, readily produces a uniform and conformal coating. However, similar ALD processing on polypropylene, which contains no readily available active sites for growth initiation, results in a graded and intermixed polymer/inorganic interface layer. The structure of the polymer/inorganic layer depends strongly on the process temperature, where lower temperature (60 degrees C) produced a more abrupt transition. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images of polypropylene fibers coated at higher temperature (90 degrees C) show that non-coalesced particles form in the near-surface region of the polymer, and the particles grow in size and coalesce into a film as the number of ALD cycles increases. Quartz crystal microbalance analysis on polypropylene films confirms enhanced mass uptake at higher processing temperatures, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data also confirm heterogeneous mixing between the aluminum oxide and the polypropylene during deposition at higher temperatures. The strong temperature dependence of film nucleation and subsurface growth is ascribed to a relatively large increase in bulk species diffusivity that occurs upon the temperature-driven free volume expansion of the polypropylene. These results provide helpful insight into mechanisms for controlled organic/inorganic thin film and fiber materials integration. DA - 2010/6/1/ PY - 2010/6/1/ DO - 10.1021/la904604z VL - 26 IS - 11 SP - 8239-8244 SN - 0743-7463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis and characterization of selected 4,4 '-diaminoalkoxyazobenzenes AU - Jeong, Euigyung AU - Freeman, Harold S. AU - Claxton, Larry D. T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - Abstract The role of the –N(CH2CH2OH)2 group in producing a mutagenic response from 4-((3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)4-amino)phenylazo)-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline has been investigated. To accomplish this goal, a group of substituted 4,4′-diaminoazobenzene dyes was synthesized, and their structures were confirmed using 1H NMR, TOF-LC-ESI mass spectrometry, and combustion analysis. Mutagenicity was determined using the standard Ames test in Salmonella strains TA98, TA100, and TA1538 with and without S9 enzyme activation. The results of this study provide evidence that the mutagenicity of the parent dye arises from the metabolic cleavage of N-hydroxyethyl groups to give the corresponding –NHCH2CH2OH and –NH2 substituted monoazo dyes as direct-acting mutagens. All 5 of the dyes studied were mutagenic at various levels with and without S9 enzyme activation in TA1538. In addition, the results show that removing one N-hydroxyethyl group and capping both –OH groups in the parent dye did not affect mutagenicity, whereas removing both N-hydroxyethyl groups produced a strong direct-acting mutagen in all three bacterial strains. Increasing the length of the N-alkyl chain from two to three carbon atoms eliminated mutagenicity in TA98 without S9 activation. DA - 2010/10// PY - 2010/10// DO - 10.1016/j.dyepig.2010.03.002 VL - 87 IS - 2 SP - 100-108 SN - 1873-3743 KW - Monoazo dyes KW - Diaminoalkoxyazobenzenes KW - N-hydroxyethyl groups KW - Mutagenicity assay ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surface and sub-surface reactions during low temperature aluminium oxide atomic layer deposition on fiber-forming polymers AU - Spagnola, Joseph C. AU - Gong, Bo AU - Arvidson, Sara A. AU - Jur, Jesse S. AU - Khan, Saad A. AU - Parsons, Gregory N. T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AB - Fundamental reaction processes between vapor-phase chemical precursors and high molecular weight polymers are important for polymer coating, encapsulation and surface modification. Using trimethylaluminium and water in an atomic layer deposition (ALD) exposure sequence, reactions between vapor-phase trimethylaluminium and common polymers with different substituents are quantified using in situ infrared transmission analysis. Exposing polypropylene to trimethylaluminium results in reactant uptake with minimal precursor/polymer reaction, but the precursor/water ALD sequence leads to subsurface alumina nucleation. A similar treatment to polyvinyl alcohol and polyamide-6 results in rapid precursor diffusion and significant reaction observed by IR, and the extent of reaction is consistent with results from in situ quartz crystal microgravimetry and transmission electron microscopy. Reacting trimethylaluminium with polyamide-6 leads to methyl group insertion into the amide carbonyl group and interaction with the hydrogen-bonded amine units. Multiple ALD reaction cycles produce film coatings on all polymers studied, but the coating structure depends strongly on the starting polymer composition. For the weakly interacting polypropylene, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy demonstrates enhanced sub-surface growth at 90 °C as compared to that at 60 °C, while images of coated polyamide-6 fibers showed that growth is not strongly temperature dependent in that range. Micrograph images of polyamide-6 samples exposed to extended TMA doses revealed significant modification of the fiber surface region, demonstrating that the precursor could diffuse and react to depths in excess of 100 nm into the surface of the polymer at 90 °C. Improved understanding of specific precursor/polymer reaction pathways can be important to optimize the performance of conformal inorganic thin film coatings on polymers. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1039/c0jm00355g VL - 20 IS - 20 SP - 4213-4222 SN - 0959-9428 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Properties of copper phthalocyanine blue encapsulated with a copolymer of styrene and maleic acid AU - Fu, S. H. AU - Ding, L. AU - Xu, C. H. AU - Wang, C. X. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 117 IS - 1 SP - 211-215 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling the role of microstructural parameters in radiative heat transfer through disordered fibrous media AU - Tahir, M. A. AU - Tafreshi, H. Vahedi AU - Hosseini, S. A. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER AB - Understanding the influence of microstructural parameters on the rate of heat transfer through a disordered fibrous medium is important for the design and development of heat insulation materials. In this work, by generating virtual 3-D geometries that resemble the internal microstructure of fibrous insulation materials, we simulated the influence of diameter, orientation, and emissivity of the fibers, as well as the media’s porosity and thickness on the radiative heat transmittance. Our simulations are based on a Monte Carlo ray tracing algorithm that we have developed for studying radiative heat flow in 3-D disordered media. The media were assumed to be made up of cylindrical opaque fibers with specular surface. The advantage of our modeling approach is that it does not require any empirical input values, and can directly be used to isolate and study the role of individual microstructural parameters of the media. The major limitation of the model is that it is accurate as long as the fibers can be considered large relative to the wavelength of the incoming rays. Our results indicate that heat flux through a fibrous medium decreases by increasing the packing fraction of the fibers when the thickness and fiber diameter are kept constant. Increasing the fibers’ absorptivity (or emissivity) was observed to decrease the radiation transmittance through the media. Our simulations also revealed that for constant porosity and thickness, the heat flux transmitted across the medium can be reduced by using finer fibers. The steady state temperature profiles across the thicknesses of media with different properties were obtained and found to be independent of the fibers’ emissivity. DA - 2010/10// PY - 2010/10// DO - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.06.030 VL - 53 IS - 21-22 SP - 4629-4637 SN - 1879-2189 KW - Ray tracing KW - Fibrous media KW - Insulation materials KW - Radiation modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - MR IMAGING FEATURES OF SURGICALLY INDUCED CORE LESIONS IN THE EQUINE SUPERFICIAL DIGITAL FLEXOR TENDON AU - Schramme, Michael AU - Kerekes, Zoltan AU - Hunter, Stuart AU - Labens, Raphael T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Tendon injuries are common in athletic humans and horses. Ultrasonography is the diagnostic method of choice in horses with tendon injuries but there is increasing application of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to monitor and follow-up tendon healing. A core lesion was created in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of each forelimb of four horses. One of the four horses was euthanized at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after creation of the lesion. MR examinations of the SDFT were performed immediately post mortem in a 1.5 T Siemens Symphony magnet and compared with histologic findings. Measurements from the MR images were also compared to ultrasonographic measurements available from the same lesions. Tendon lesions appeared as well-circumscribed hyperintensities in the core of the SDFT on all pulse sequences. Lesions were most conspicuous on fat-suppressed fast low angle shot (FLASH) sequences and least conspicuous on T2 transverse dual turbo spin echo (T2 TSE) sequences. The signal-difference-to-noise ratio decreased with the age of the lesion in all sequences in this study. Twelve-week-old lesions were not visible on T2 TSE images but in all other sequences the lesion remained hyperintense. The lesion volume and maximum cross-sectional area of core lesions were significantly smaller in T2 TSE images than in other MR sequences. The lesion volume and maximum cross-sectional area of core lesions were significantly larger in proton density, T1, and FLASH sequences and significantly smaller in T2 sequences than when measured from ultrasonographic images. Through comparison between sequences, MR imaging may be able to provide information on various stages of tendon healing. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01660.x VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 280-287 SN - 1740-8261 KW - core lesion KW - horse KW - MRI KW - tendon ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrolytic stability of a series of lactam-based cationic bleach activators and their impact on cellulose peroxide bleaching AU - Lee, J. J. AU - Hinks, D. AU - Lim, S. H. AU - Hauser, P. T2 - Cellulose DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1007/s10570-009-9390-1 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 671-678 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Formation and characterization of core-sheath nanofibers through electrospinning and surface-initiated polymerization AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Lin, Zhan AU - Li, Ying AU - Li, Shuli AU - Liang, Yinzheng AU - Toprakci, Ozan AU - Shi, Quan AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - POLYMER AB - Novel core-sheath nanofibers, composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) core and polypyrrole (PPy) sheath with clear boundary between them, were fabricated by electrospinning PAN/FeCl3·6H2O bicomponent nanofibers and the subsequent surface-initiated polymerization in a pyrrole-containing solution. By adjusting the concentration of FeCl3·6H2O, the surface morphology of PPy sheath changed from isolated agglomerates or clusters to relatively uniform thin-film structure. Thermal properties of PAN-PPy core-sheath nanofibers were also characterized. Results indicated that the PPy sheath played a role of inhibitor and retarded the complex chemical reactions of PAN during the carbonization process. DA - 2010/9/3/ PY - 2010/9/3/ DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.042 VL - 51 IS - 19 SP - 4368-4374 SN - 1873-2291 UR - https://publons.com/publon/674399/ KW - Polyacrylonitrile KW - Polypyrrole KW - Electrospinning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Process Conditions on Properties of Nanoscale Organic Pigment Encapsulated by Poly(styrene-maleic acid) Dispersion AU - Fu, Shao-Hai AU - Xu, Chang-Hai AU - He, Chuan T2 - JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - Abstract The effects of process conditions on properties of nanoscale organic pigment red 122 encapsulated by poly(styrene-maleic acid) dispersion were evaluated. The results revealed that sodium hydroxide provided the dispersion superior performance as compared with other additives, regardless of it being taken as dispersant or hydrolysis reagent. An optimal process was attained by using sodium hydroxide with a dosage of 0.6–0.68 times of molar amount of ‒COOH groups in poly(styrene-maleic acid) when the pigment/poly(styrene-maleic acid) was hydrolyzed at 45°C for 30 minutes. Keywords: Encapsulatedorganic pigment red 122poly(styrene-maleic acid)stability Acknowledgments This work is supported by Zhejiang Province New Textile Research & Development Emphasised Laboratory, Zhejiang Textile & Garment Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangnan University Fund (20600021050648). We also thank Jiangnan University for support in the course of our research. Notes a Note: The weight ratio of dispersant to pigment is 0.4, the mixture was stirred at 10000 r/min for 30 minutes. b Note: MNaOH = MT/MP = 0.64, MT: molar amount of adding sodium hydroxide; MP: the molar amount of –COOH in copolymer coated onto pigment surface; hydrolysis time 30 minutes; stirring rate 10000 r/min; temperature 45°C. a Note: The molar amount of hydrolysis reagent = 0.6 × Mp, Mp: the molar amount of –COOH in polycarboxylate coated onto pigment surface; hydrolysis temperature 45°C; hydrolysis time of 30 minutes; stirring rate: 10000 r/min. a Note: Hydrolysis temperature 45°C, hydrolysis time 30 minutes, stirring rate 10000r/min. b Note: MNaOH = MT/MP, MT: molar amount of adding sodium hydroxide, MP: the molar amount of –COOH in copolymer coated onto pigment surface. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1080/01932691003682389 VL - 31 IS - 5 SP - 617-621 SN - 1532-2351 KW - Encapsulated KW - organic pigment red 122 KW - poly(styrene-maleic acid) KW - stability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of naive and expert subjects in the assessment of small color differences AU - Shamey, Renzo AU - Cardenas, Lina M. AU - Hinks, David AU - Woodard, Roger T2 - JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION AB - Determination of the role of subject experience in the development of accurate color difference formulas is of potentially critical concern. As part of a larger multivariable experiment investigating the minimum inter- and intra-subject variability possible among a set of subjects, a study was conducted to compare the performance of 25 novice versus 25 expert visual assessors for a set of 27 pairs of colored textile samples using a controlled psychophysical method and several statistical techniques including t-test, ANOVA, and Standardized Residual Sum of Squares (STRESS) functions. Experts exhibited approximately 43% higher visual difference ratings than novice subjects when assessing sample pairs having small color differences. In addition, a statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level was found between the judgments made by novice and expert assessors. According to the STRESS function, however, CMC(1:1) and CIEDE2000(1:1) color difference formulas do not show a significant difference in performance when the visual data from either group of subjects are compared. DA - 2010/6// PY - 2010/6// DO - 10.1364/josaa.27.001482 VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 1482-1489 SN - 1084-7529 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956008280&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Activated peroxide bleaching of regenerated bamboo fiber using a butyrolactam-based cationic bleach activator AU - Xu, Changhai AU - Shamey, Renzo AU - Hinks, David T2 - CELLULOSE DA - 2010/4// PY - 2010/4// DO - 10.1007/s10570-010-9398-6 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 339-347 SN - 1572-882X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77952426241&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Regenerated bamboo fiber KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Peracid KW - Bleaching KW - Bleach activator KW - Lactam ER - TY - JOUR TI - Three-dimensional analysis of segmented pie bicomponent nonwovens AU - Shim, E. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Latifi, M. T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - Three‐dimensional structural analysis utilizing digital volumetric imaging is used to fully understand the splitting of bicomponent fibers by hydroentangling. It was found that lower fabric density measured by solid volume fraction, higher degree of splitting and a higher thickness fiber orientation direction was evident at the jet streak valley position. Splitting was found to be more dominant on the surface of the fabrics. Washing the fabric increased fiber splitting and also resulted in more uniform splitting, but did not result in any significant change in local fiber orientation, that is, the structure. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1080/00405000903357938 VL - 101 IS - 9 SP - 773-787 SN - 1754-2340 KW - hydroentangling KW - bicomponent KW - 3D structures KW - microfiber ER - TY - JOUR TI - The production of 100/400 nm inner/outer diameter carbon tubes by solution blowing and carbonization of core-shell nanofibers AU - Sinha-Ray, S. AU - Yarin, A. L. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - CARBON AB - Core–shell drops of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) and Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are subjected to a high speed gas jet that results in their stretching and bending. As a result of this enormous elongation, after solvent evaporates, core–shell polymer nanofiber mats are deposited on a screen. Heat treatment allows complete elimination of the core and carbonization of the shell, which yields carbon tubes with an inner diameter 50–150 nm and outer diameter 400–600 nm, and their mats. DA - 2010/10// PY - 2010/10// DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.05.056 VL - 48 IS - 12 SP - 3575-3578 SN - 1873-3891 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The preparation of a nanoscale color index pigment orange 13/styrene-maleic acid copolymer composite dispersion for ink jet printing AU - Fu, S. H. AU - Zhang, M. J. AU - Xu, C. H. T2 - Journal of Imaging Science and Technology DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 54 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis of a pyridine substituted polycarbodiimide and its use as a solid support for chemical reagents AU - Budhathoki-Uprety, Januka AU - Novak, Bruce M. T2 - POLYMER AB - Abstract Optically active, polycarbodiimides 3(a, b & c) with pyridine pendant groups were synthesized using [(R) – 2,2′- binaphthoxy] (di-isopropoxy) titanium(IV) catalyst. The polymers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, and IR. Thermal stability of these polymers (up to 162 °C by TGA), allows thermally demanding chemical transformations on their side chains without decomposition. Advantages include fine-tunability of the other pendant group of the carbodiimide monomer. This allows one to optimize the properties of the polymer without undergoing copolymerization or further post-polymerization modifications. Borane (BH3) was coordinated to poly 3 (a & b) to prepare the functional polymers 4 (a & b) respectively. A strong IR signature peak at 2368 cm−1 supports BH3 coordination. Gravimetric analysis indicates 97–99% borane complexation of the pyridine units. In addition, the thermal stability increased to 194 °C in poly 4a is consistent with the incorporation of BH3 to the pendant pyridine of the helical polycarbodiimide 3a. Poly 4 (a & b) can be used as supported reagents and successfully reduced the carbonyl compounds (5 a–e) in moderate to excellent yields (60–100%) and are shown to be efficient, non-volatile, stable, and mild supported-reducing reagents. Upon completion of the reduction reaction, the polymer support was quantitatively recycled as required for a green solid catalyst support. DA - 2010/5/4/ PY - 2010/5/4/ DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.011 VL - 51 IS - 10 SP - 2140-2146 SN - 1873-2291 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.011 KW - Polycarbodiimide KW - Supported pyridine-borane reagent KW - Helical polymer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structure-property relationships of polymer-filled nonwoven membranes for chemical protection applications AU - Jung, Kyung-Hye AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE AB - Polymer membranes with selective permeabilities are excellent material candidates for chemical protection applications. For example, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) membranes have high water permeability, and at the same time, they can block some harmful chemicals. However, PAMPS membranes are mechanically weak and their vapor selectivities need to be further improved for practical chemical protection. In this study, nonwoven fabrics were employed as the structural host to enhance both the mechanical properties and functionality of PAMPS membranes. PAMPS-filled nonwoven membranes were prepared by filling the open pores of polypropylene nonwovens with linear and cross-linked PAMPS materials, respectively. It was found that PAMPS-filled nonwoven membranes showed improved tensile properties, reduced vapor permeability, and increased selectivity, and the resultant PAMPS-filled nonwoven membranes are promising material candidates for chemical protection applications. DA - 2010/9/30/ PY - 2010/9/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.010 VL - 361 IS - 1-2 SP - 63-70 SN - 1873-3123 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178319/ KW - Membrane KW - Nonwoven KW - Chemical protection KW - Structure-property relationship ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reverse Phase HPLC Analysis of Commercial Surfactants used as Melt Additives AU - Datla, V. M. AU - Beck, K. AU - Shim, E. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - TENSIDE SURFACTANTS DETERGENTS AB - Abstract Reverse phase HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) was used to analyze the length distribution of polyoxyethylene (POE) chains in commercial surfactants that can be used as melt additives for hydrophilic polypropylene surface modification. Ten nonionic surfactants including ethoxylated alcohols, nonyl phenols and amines, PEG esters, and mono glycerides were investigated. HPLC methods described herein are capable of analyzing ethoxylated nonionic surfactants and offer the advantage of separating the components in surfactants according to both the hydrophobe and hydrophile chain length. Moreover, the method is rapid and gradient elution allows for good baseline separation of the several components in the additives. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.3139/113.110063 VL - 47 IS - 3 SP - 142-150 SN - 0932-3414 KW - Melt additives KW - high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) KW - nonionic surfactants KW - polyoxyethylene ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films based on soy protein isolate and montmorillonite using melt extrusion AU - Kumar, P. AU - Sandeep, K. P. AU - Alavi, S. AU - Truong, V. D. AU - Gorga, R. E. T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING AB - The non-biodegradable and non-renewable nature of plastic packaging has led to a renewed interest in packaging materials based on bio-nanocomposites (biopolymer matrix reinforced with nanoparticles such as layered silicates). Bio-nanocomposite films based on soy protein isolate (SPI) and montmorillonite (MMT) were prepared using melt extrusion. Effects of the pH of film forming solution, MMT content, and extrusion processing parameters (screw speed and barrel temperature distribution) on the structure and properties of SPI–MMT bio-nanocomposite films were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for structural characterization of the films. Properties of the films were determined by tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and water vapor barrier measurement. The arrangement of MMT in the soy protein matrix ranged from exfoliated at lower MMT content (5%) to intercalated at higher MMT content (15%). There was a significant improvement in mechanical (tensile strength and percent elongation at break) and dynamic mechanical properties (glass transition temperature and storage modulus), thermal stability, and water vapor permeability of the films with the addition of MMT. The results presented in this study show the feasibility of using bio-nanocomposite technology to improve the properties of biopolymer films based on SPI. DA - 2010/10// PY - 2010/10// DO - 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.04.035 VL - 100 IS - 3 SP - 480-489 SN - 1873-5770 KW - Bio-nanocomposite films KW - Soy protein isolate KW - Montmorillonite KW - Extrusion KW - Structural characterization KW - Mechanical properties KW - Water vapor permeability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multiaxis Three-Dimensional Flat Woven Preforms - Tube Carrier Weaving AU - Bilisik, Kadir AU - Mohamed, Mansour H. T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - A multiaxis three-dimensional (3D) flat woven preform and a weaving method have been developed. The structure has five yarn sets, which are bias(+) and bias(—), warp, filling and Z-yarns. The weaving method has been introduced to form the structure. An experimental prototype was constructed to trial the method. In this technique, called “tube-carrier weaving”, bias(+) and bias(—) yarns are closely laid all over the surface. The preliminary study shows that the structure and weaving method seem feasible under the test conditions. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1177/0040517509340602 VL - 80 IS - 8 SP - 696-711 SN - 0040-5175 KW - carbon fibers KW - textile composites KW - multiaxis 3D woven preform and composites KW - 3D orthogonal woven preform KW - braiding KW - weaving KW - textile production ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Polymers with Stiff Backbones Interacting with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes AU - Tallury, Syamal S. AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A. T2 - JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B AB - The goal of this study is to explore the interface between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and polymer chains with semiflexible and stiff backbones in vacuum via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which complements our previous work with flexible backbone polymers. These simulations investigate the structural and dynamical features of interactions with the SWCNT, such as how the polymers prefer to interface with the SWCNT and how the interfacial interaction is affected by the chemical composition and structure of the polymer. The simulations indicate that polymers with stiff and semiflexible backbones tend to wrap around the SWCNT with more distinct conformations than those with flexible backbones. Aromatic moieties along the backbone appear to dictate the adsorption conformation, which is likely due to the preference for optimizing pi−pi interactions, although the presence of bulky aliphatic side chains can hinder those interactions. Moment of inertia plots as a function of time indicate that the adsorption of polymers with stiff backbones tends to be a two-step process, in contrast to flexible backbones. DA - 2010/7/29/ PY - 2010/7/29/ DO - 10.1021/jp101191j VL - 114 IS - 29 SP - 9349-9355 SN - 1520-5207 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77954898628&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling of particle trajectories in an electrostatically charged channel AU - Wu, Mengbai AU - Kuznetsov, Andrey V. AU - Jasper, Warren J. T2 - PHYSICS OF FLUIDS AB - Modeling and analyses of filtration efficiency in electrostatically charged monolith filters are important for evaluating and designing this class of filters. Unlike traditional fibrous filters which comprise external flow around a fiber, monolith filters are modeled as internal flow through small channels. Analogous to single fiber theory for external flows, single channel theory is used to analyze basic fluid mechanics in monolith filters and predict filtration efficiencies. The model incorporates three forces: hydrodynamic forces, electrostatic forces, and Brownian motion. Fluid velocity within the channels is calculated by using an analytical solution for circular channel flow, within which the slip boundary condition is considered because of small length scales. This velocity field is then used to evaluate the drag force on the particle according to Stokes’s law. For this model, a one-way coupling between the fluid flow and the particle motion is assumed due to the fact that the relaxation time for the particles simulated in this paper is very small compared to the time the particles spend in the channel. The electrostatic field is computed assuming a uniform charge distribution on the inner surface of a cylindrical channel of finite length. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, particles are randomly injected into a single channel to determine the filtration efficiency. DA - 2010/4// PY - 2010/4// DO - 10.1063/1.3369004 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - SN - 1070-6631 KW - Brownian motion KW - channel flow KW - drag KW - electric field effects KW - filtration KW - flow simulation KW - hydrodynamics KW - Monte Carlo methods KW - slip flow KW - two-phase flow ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of surface modification on the adhesion between nitinol wire and fluoropolymer films AU - Yoon, H. AU - King, M.W. AU - Michielsen, S. AU - El-Shafei, A. AU - Johnson, E. T2 - Journal of Applied Biomaterials and Biomechanics DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 7-13 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77952474444&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unconfined fluid electrospun into high quality nanofibers from a plate edge AU - Thoppey, Nagarajan Muthuraman AU - Bochinski, Jason R. AU - Clarke, Laura I. AU - Gorga, Russell E. T2 - POLYMER AB - We demonstrate an easily-implemented, edge-plate geometry for electrospinning and produce high quality nanofibers from unconfined polymer fluids. We show that for electrospinning in general, the electric field gradient, not just the electric field amplitude, is a critical parameter for successful self-initiated jetting. Considering a single spinning site, the edge-plate configuration resulted in the same or a higher fabrication rate as traditional needle electrospinning, while producing nanofibers similar in quality (diameter, diameter distribution, and collected mat porosity); moreover, this novel configuration operates without the possibility of clogging and has high potential for scale-up. We analyze the fundamental physical processes which underlie edge-plate electrospinning, including electric field, working distance, and feed rate dependence and the resultant changes to the linear and whipping regions, and thus to the fiber diameter. We conclude that the edge-plate configuration functions in a remarkably similar manner to traditional needle electrospinning. DA - 2010/10/1/ PY - 2010/10/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.046 VL - 51 IS - 21 SP - 4928-4936 SN - 0032-3861 KW - Nanofibers KW - Scaling-up production KW - Needle-less electrospinning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thermal Bonding of Nonwovens as Simulated by Polypropylene Films: Effect of Time, Temperature, and Molecular Weight AU - Michielsen, Stephen AU - Jain, Siddharth T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Many nonwoven fabrics are made by melt spinning semicrystalline fibers followed by thermal bonding using heated calendar rolls. In this work, we have studied thermal bonding of polypropylene films to simulate bonding of nonwoven fibers. We have tried to relate the thermal bond strengths with the concepts of chain dynamics via interfacial adhesion development at symmetric polymer interfaces. This requires relating the microscopic dynamics of chains with macroscopic interfacial adhesion measurements. It was found that the interfacial bond strength was proportional to the fraction of the crystals melted. This required heating the interfacial region between the polymer layers into the melting region. Bond strengths were also related to process time as t 1/2 . This dependence is consistent with the literature for reptation, but is also due to the required thermal diffusion to bring the interfacial region to the bonding temperature. Finally, the bond strength is also dependent on the polymer molecular weight as 1/ M 1/2 , which is consistent with forming the bonds via chain reptation, provided that the bonding time is less than the reptation time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 DA - 2010/9/15/ PY - 2010/9/15/ DO - 10.1002/app.31220 VL - 117 IS - 6 SP - 3322-3330 SN - 1097-4628 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000279958200028&KeyUID=WOS:000279958200028 KW - nonwovens KW - polypropylene KW - thermal bonding KW - reptation KW - molecular weight ER - TY - JOUR TI - New approach for determining tortuosity in fibrous porous media AU - Vallabh, R. AU - Banks-Lee, P. AU - Seyam, A. F. T2 - Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 7-15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meltblowing: II-linear and nonlinear waves on viscoelastic polymer jets AU - Yarin, A. L. AU - Sinha-Ray, S. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS AB - The work is devoted to the theory of meltblown polymer jets. Polymer jets are experiencing strong stretching and flapping being subjected to the pulling action of a high speed surrounding axisymmetric gas jet. The bending perturbations of polymer melt jets are triggered by the surrounding turbulent eddies and enhanced by the distributed lift force acting on the jets. We study first growth of small perturbations in the framework of the linear stability theory. Then, the fully nonlinear case of large-amplitude planar bending perturbations of polymer jet is solved numerically. Both isothermal and nonisothermal cases are considered. The cooling of the surrounding gas jet results in cooling of the polymer jet inside, and to the arrest of the bending perturbation growth due to melt solidification. DA - 2010/8/1/ PY - 2010/8/1/ DO - 10.1063/1.3457893 VL - 108 IS - 3 SP - SN - 0021-8979 KW - electrophoresis KW - microelectrodes KW - microfluidics KW - polymer solutions KW - separation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meltblowing: I-basic physical mechanisms and threadline model AU - Sinha-Ray, S. AU - Yarin, A. L. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS AB - The work aims at the experimental and theoretical study of the mechanism of meltblowing. Meltblowing is a popular method of producing polymer microfibers and nanofibers en masse in the form of nonwovens via aerodynamic blowing of polymer melt jets. However, its physical aspects are still not fully understood. The process involves a complex interplay of the aerodynamics of turbulent gas jets with strong elongational flows of polymer melts, none of them fully uncovered and explained. To evaluate the role of turbulent pulsations (produced by turbulent eddies in the gas jet) in meltblowing, we studied first a model experimental situation where solid flexible sewing threadlines were subjected to parallel high speed gas jet. After that a comprehensive theory of meltblowing is developed, which encompasses the effects of the distributed drag and lift forces, as well as turbulent pulsations acting on polymer jets, which undergo, as a result, severe bending instability leading to strong stretching and thinning. Linearized theory of bending perturbation propagation over threadlines and polymer jets in meltblowing is given and some successful comparisons with the experimental data are demonstrated. DA - 2010/8/1/ PY - 2010/8/1/ DO - 10.1063/1.3457891 VL - 108 IS - 3 SP - SN - 1089-7550 KW - aluminium KW - combustion KW - crystal structure KW - detonation KW - explosions KW - explosives KW - infrared spectra KW - organic compounds KW - silver KW - thermodynamics KW - time resolved spectra ER - TY - JOUR TI - Melt Spun Microporous Fibers Using Poly(lactic acid) and Sulfonated Copolyester Blends for Tissue Engineering Applications AU - Sumanasinghe, Ruwan D. AU - Haslauer, Carla M. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Loboa, Elizabeth G. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Microporous fibers can potentially increase diffusional properties of three‐dimensional nonwoven scaffolds used for tissue engineering applications. We have investigated the use of a water‐dispersible copolyester, sulfonated copolyester (SP), to create micropores in composite fibers containing a blend of SP and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) at 1, 3, 5, and 10% SP content. PLA and SP were blended at 175°C in a microcompounder followed by extrusion of composite fibers and removal of SP from composite fibers by using hydrodispersion to form micropores in the composite fibers. Differential scanning calorimetric studies on unhydrolysed composite fibers showed that SP was partially miscible in PLA. Fourier transform infrared mapping of composite fiber cross sections revealed that SP was randomly dispersed throughout the cross section where the degree of dispersion depended on the SP content. As revealed by the scanning electron micrographs, the size of the micropores was dependent on the SP content. Micropores on fiber cross sections were observed in fibers above 3% SP indicating that at least 3% SP content is needed to produce droplet morphology of SP in these fibers. These results show that SP can be successfully used in a blend with PLA to produce microporous fibers to fabricate three‐dimensional nonwoven scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 DA - 2010/9/15/ PY - 2010/9/15/ DO - 10.1002/app.32025 VL - 117 IS - 6 SP - 3350-3361 SN - 1097-4628 KW - biomaterials KW - blends KW - fibers KW - water soluble polymers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of fiber orientation distribution on performance of aerosol filtration media AU - Fotovati, S. AU - Tafreshi, H. Vahedi AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE AB - This work is conducted to better our understanding of the influence of fibers’ in-plane and through-plane orientations on pressure drop and collection efficiency of fibrous media. The Stokes flow equations are numerically solved in virtual, 3-D, fibrous geometries with varying in-plane and/or through-plane orientations. Pressure drop and aerosol collection efficiency characteristics of such media are calculated and compared with available studies from the literature. Our results indicate that pressure drop and submicron particle capture efficiency of common fibrous filters with a fiber diameter of about 10 μm are independent of the in-plane orientation of the fibers, but decrease with increasing the fibers’ through-plane orientation. More interestingly, it was found that filters with higher through-plane fiber orientations have a higher figure of merit if challenged with nanoparticles. The figure of merit of these media, however, decreases as the particle size increases, reversing the effect of fibers’ through-plane orientation. It was also shown that when the diameter of the particles is comparable to that of the fibers, collection efficiency increases with decreasing the fibers’ in-plane orientation, while the pressure drop remains almost unchanged. This indicates that decreasing the fibers’ in-plane orientation increased the figure of merit of media made of nanofibers. DA - 2010/9/15/ PY - 2010/9/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.ces.2010.06.032 VL - 65 IS - 18 SP - 5285-5293 SN - 0009-2509 KW - Aerosol KW - Filtration KW - Porous media KW - Fibrous materials KW - 3-D Modeling KW - Fiber orientation ER - TY - JOUR TI - In situ collagen polymerization of layered cell-seeded electrospun scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications AU - McCullen, S. D. AU - Miller, P. R. AU - Gittard, S. D. AU - Gorga, Russell AU - POURDEYHIMI, BEHNAM AU - Narayan, R. J. AU - Loboa, E. G. T2 - Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0753 VL - 16 IS - 5 SP - 1095–1105 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Glass Transition Temperatures of Styrene/4-BrStyrene Copolymers with Variable Co-Monomer Compositions and Sequence Distributions AU - Tonelli, Alan E. AU - Jhon, Young K. AU - Genzer, Jan T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTGlass Transition Temperatures of Styrene/4-BrStyrene Copolymers with Variable Co-Monomer Compositions and Sequence DistributionsAlan E. Tonelli†*, Young K. Jhon‡§, and Jan Genzer§View Author Information† Fiber & Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8301, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301‡ Chemical Sciences Division, Army Research Office, RTP, North Carolina 27709-2211§ Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2010, 43, 16, 6912–6914Publication Date (Web):July 21, 2010Publication History Received18 June 2010Revised12 July 2010Published online21 July 2010Published inissue 24 August 2010https://doi.org/10.1021/ma101355fCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views475Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (704 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical composition,Copolymers,Entropy,Glass transition,Homopolymers Get e-Alerts DA - 2010/8/24/ PY - 2010/8/24/ DO - 10.1021/ma101355f VL - 43 IS - 16 SP - 6912-6914 SN - 0024-9297 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evidence for size increase in an exploited mollusc: humped conch (Strombus gibberulus) at Chelechol ra Orrak, Palau from ca. 3000-0 BP AU - Giovas, Christina M. AU - Fitzpatrick, Scott M. AU - Clark, Meagan AU - Abed, Mira T2 - JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE AB - Past research has suggested that the humped conch (Strombus gibberulus), a species common in many prehistoric archaeological sites in the Pacific, declines in size and/or abundance over time. Explanations for this phenomenon largely revolve around the possibility that they were overharvested by human populations. In this study, we measured the length and width of over 1400 individual specimens of S. gibberulus shells recovered from the site of Chelechol ra Orrak in Palau, western Micronesia, in deposits dating from ca. 3000 BP to the present. Statistical analysis indicates that in contrast to previous reports, there is a significant size increase for this taxon through time which may be the result of a combination of anthropogenic and environmental factors. We discuss variables influencing mollusc size and suggest that, given the complexities of their interactions and the data limitations of archaeomalacological assemblages, unambiguous determination of the cause(s) of molluscan size change may not always be possible. DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010/11// DO - 10.1016/j.jas.2010.06.013 VL - 37 IS - 11 SP - 2788-2798 SN - 1095-9238 KW - Molluscs KW - Humped conch KW - Anthropogenic impacts KW - Micronesia KW - Pacific Islands KW - Palau ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrospun carbon nanofiber-supported Pt-Pd alloy composites for oxygen reduction AU - Lin, Zhan AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Toprakci, Ozan AU - Krause, Wendy AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH DA - 2010/7// PY - 2010/7// DO - 10.1557/jmr.2010.0163 VL - 25 IS - 7 SP - 1329-1335 SN - 2044-5326 UR - https://publons.com/publon/674398/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrospun Nanofibers with Associative Polymer-Surfactant Systems AU - Talwar, Sachin AU - Krishnan, Arjun S. AU - Hinestroza, Juan P. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Khan, Saad A. T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - Associative polymers are unique in their structure with pendant hydrophobes attached to their hydrophilic backbone, enabling associations between the hydrophobes and forming junctions in aqueous solutions. In this study, we examine efforts to produce electrospun nanofibers of associative polymers in conjunction with a readily spinnable polymer. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images reveal that the solution rheology sets an upper limit to the concentration of associative polymer that can be successfully electrospun. However, addition of nonionic surfactants to the precursor solution results in significant improvement in nanofiber morphology as evinced from reduced beading. Through judicious use of nonionic surfactants to modulate solution viscoelastic properties, we are able to obtain defect-free nanofiber morphology and gain new insights into the fundamentals of the electrospinning process. In particular, we find that solution viscoelasticity as measured in terms of the relaxation time, rather than viscosity as typically hypothesized, controls the nanofiber formation process. DA - 2010/9/28/ PY - 2010/9/28/ DO - 10.1021/ma1013447 VL - 43 IS - 18 SP - 7650-7656 SN - 1520-5835 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Formation with Butylated Hydroxytoluene and Its Application in Polyethylene Film AU - Agrawal, Manisha AU - Kim, Young Teck AU - Tonelli, Alan AU - Whang, Hyun Suk T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract The phenolic antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), is added during polymer processing to protect polymers from oxidative degradation. Because of its high‐volatility, it is susceptible to loss through volatilization in high‐temperature processing. Cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complexation (IC) with volatile compounds can prevent losses of volatile compounds, because of volatilization. In this study, BHT was successfully included in β‐CD and its complex was confirmed using Wide‐Angle X‐ray Diffraction (WAXD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films with BHT itself and BHT‐β‐CD‐IC were produced on a pilot plant scale. After extrusion, it was found that 44 and 78% BHT was lost from the BHT‐β‐CD‐IC LDPE and BHT LDPE films, respectively. Hence, the complex proved to be more efficient in preventing loss of BHT, because of encapsulation of volatile BHT. In addition, microscopy studies indicate that BHT‐β‐CD‐IC LDPE film shows small aggregates, uniformly distributed in the LDPE matrix over a large range. The BHT efficiency of the complex in the film was measured using DSC for determining the oxidation induction time. The oxidation induction time (OIT time ) was 35 min for the BHT‐β‐CD‐IC LDPE film as compared with 16 min and 26 min values of LDPE and BHT LDPE films, respectively. Hence, the encapsulation of BHT in β‐CD maximizes the efficiency and stability to thermal degradation for BHT‐β‐CD‐IC LDPE film. The viscoelastic behavior of the films was also studied using dynamic mechanical analysis. The results indicate increases in storage modulus ( E l ) and loss modulus ( E ll ) of the complex and a shift in the maxima of tan δ ( E ll / E l ) to lower temperature in the LDPE films processed with BHT, β‐CD, and BHT‐β‐CD‐IC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 DA - 2010/10/15/ PY - 2010/10/15/ DO - 10.1002/app.32543 VL - 118 IS - 2 SP - 1184-1190 SN - 1097-4628 KW - antioxidant KW - butylated hydroxytoluene KW - cyclodextrin inclusion complex KW - polyethylene film ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chemical protection performance of polystyrene sulfonic acid-filled polypropylene nonwoven membranes AU - Jung, Kyung-Hye AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE AB - One of the major purposes of using chemical protective membranes is to minimize the exposure of wearers to hazardous chemical warfare agents (CWAs) such as nerve agents and mustard gas. However, many chemical protection membranes have limitations such as low breathability, which can cause discomfort, and poor mechanical stability. Polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) was investigated for chemical protection due to its ability to hinder the permeation of organic agents while allowing water vapor to pass through. Cross-linked PSS was filled into the open pores of polypropylene nonwoven membrane supports, and the resultant PSS-filled nonwoven composite membranes have improved mechanical properties and reduced vapor permeation for simulants of sarin, soman, VX, and mustard gas. At the same time, these PSS-filled nonwoven membranes retain high water vapor permeation that is beneficial for reducing heat exhaustion. PSS-filled nonwoven membranes were also hot-pressed to further reduce the membrane thickness and vapor permeation, and to improve the mechanical properties. Results show that hot-pressed PSS-filled nonwoven membranes are mechanically strong and have lower CWA simulant vapor permeation and higher water vs. CWA simulant selectivity than commercially available Nafion®. Therefore, PSS-filled nonwoven membranes are promising candidate materials for chemical vapor protective applications. DA - 2010/10/15/ PY - 2010/10/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.031 VL - 362 IS - 1-2 SP - 137-142 SN - 1873-3123 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178350/ KW - Chemical protection KW - Nonwovens KW - Composite membranes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Boehmite nanoparticles incorporated electrospun nylon-6 nanofiber web for new electret filter media AU - Yeom, Bong Yeol AU - Shim, Eunkyoung AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - MACROMOLECULAR RESEARCH DA - 2010/9// PY - 2010/9// DO - 10.1007/s13233-010-0910-5 VL - 18 IS - 9 SP - 884-890 SN - 1598-5032 KW - PA6 nanofiber KW - boehmite nanoparticle KW - electrostatic charging KW - aerosol filtration ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis and electrocatalysis of 1-aminopyrene-functionalized carbon nanofiber-supported platinum-ruthenium nanoparticles AU - Lin, Zhan AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Krause, Wendy E. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES AB - Platinum–ruthenium/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by depositing PtRu nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers using a polyol processing technique. The morphology and size of PtRu nanoparticles were controlled by 1-aminopyrene functionalization. The noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanofibers by 1-aminopyrene is simple and can be carried out at ambient temperature without damaging the integrity and electronic structure of carbon nanofibers. The resulting PtRu/carbon composite nanofibers were characterized by cyclic voltammogram in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.125 M CH3OH + 0.2 M H2SO4 solutions, respectively. The PtRu/carbon composite nanofibers with 1-aminopyrene functionalization have smaller nanoparticles and a more uniform distribution, compared with those pretreated with conventional acids. Moreover, PtRu/1-aminopyrene functionalized carbon nanofibers have high active surface area and improved performance towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol. DA - 2010/9/1/ PY - 2010/9/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.03.059 VL - 195 IS - 17 SP - 5520-5526 SN - 1873-2755 UR - https://publons.com/publon/6540088/ KW - Electrospinning KW - Carbon nanofibers KW - 1-Aminopyrene KW - PtRu nanoparticles KW - Methanol ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis and Characterization of Starch Citrate-Chitosan Foam with Superior Water and Saline Absorbance Properties AU - Salam, Abdus AU - Pawlak, Joel J. AU - Venditti, Richard A. AU - El-tahlawy, Khaled T2 - BIOMACROMOLECULES AB - The objective of this research was to synthesize and characterize high-value foam gel materials with unique absorptive and mechanical properties from starch citrate−chitosan. The effects of starch citrate concentration, pH, solid to liquid ratio, reaction time, and temperature on absorbency, weight loss in water, and strength were determined. The cross-linked starch citrate−chitosan foam is flexible and elastic and has significantly increased absorbance and strength and decreased weight loss in water compared to starch-chitosan foam. A unique characteristic of the starch citrate-chitosan foam is that it absorbs more saline solution than pure water, which is the opposite of current commercial super absorbents. An increased strength, increased degradation temperature, increased storage modulus, and decreased weight loss in water for starch citrate−chitosan relative to starch−chitosan are in agreement with amide bonds formed between the carboxyl group of starch citrate and the amino group of chitosan. DA - 2010/6// PY - 2010/6// DO - 10.1021/bm1000235 VL - 11 IS - 6 SP - 1453-1459 SN - 1526-4602 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meniscal Mineralization in Domestic Cats AU - Freire, Mila AU - Brown, James AU - Robertson, Ian D. AU - Pease, Anthony P. AU - Hash, Jonathan AU - Hunter, Stuart AU - Simpson, Wendy AU - Sumrell, Andrea Thomson AU - Lascelles, B. Duncan X. T2 - VETERINARY SURGERY AB - To (1) determine prevalence of radiographically detectable meniscal mineralization in domestic cats and (2) to evaluate the association between meniscal mineralization and degenerative joint disease (DJD).Prospective study.Client-owned cats (n=100) and 30 feline cadavers.Randomly selected client-owned cats were used to determine the prevalence of meniscal mineralization. Stifles from feline cadavers were used to evaluate the relationship between meniscal mineralization (using high-resolution X-ray), radiographic DJD, and cartilage damage. Menisci were evaluated histologically.Forty-six percent of the client-owned cats had meniscal mineralization detected in 1 or both stifles. Pain scores were not significantly different between stifles with meniscal mineralization and those with no radiographic pathology (P=.38). Thirty-four of 57 cadaver stifles had meniscal mineralization, which was always located in the cranial horn of the medial meniscus. Percentage mineralization of the menisci was significantly correlated with the cartilage damage score of the medial femoral (r(2)=0.6; P<.0001) and tibial (r(2)=0.5; P<.0001) condyles as well as with the total joint cartilage damage (r(2)=0.36; P<.0001) score and DJD score (r(2)=0.8; P<.0001).Meniscal mineralization is a common condition in domestic cats and seems to indicate medial compartment DJD.Clinical significance of meniscal mineralization is uncertain. Further work is needed to determine if the meniscal mineralization is a cause, or a consequence of joint degeneration. DA - 2010/7// PY - 2010/7// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00648.x VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 545-552 SN - 0161-3499 ER - TY - CONF TI - Improved bleaching efficiency using cationic bleach activators AU - Xu, C. H. AU - Shamey, R. AU - Hinks, D. C2 - 2010/// C3 - Proceedings of AATCC International Conference DA - 2010/// SP - 209-218 PB - Atlanta, GA: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists ER - TY - JOUR TI - Focused Ion Beam Characterization of Bicomponent Polymer Fibers AU - Wong, K. C. AU - Haslauer, C. M. AU - Anantharamaiah, N. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Batchelor, A. D. AU - Griffis, D. P. T2 - MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS AB - Previous work has shown that focused ion beam (FIB) nanomachining can be effectively utilized for the cross-sectional analysis of polymers such as core-shell solid microspheres and hollow latex nanospheres. While these studies have clearly demonstrated the precise location selection and nanomachining control provided by the FIB technique, the samples studied consisted of only a single polymer. In this work, FIB is used to investigate bicomponent polymeric fiber systems by taking advantage of the component's differing sputter rates that result from their differing physical properties. An approach for cross sectioning and thus revealing the cross-sectional morphology of the polymeric components in a bicomponent polymeric fiber with the island-in-the-sea (I/S) structure is presented. The two I/S fibers investigated were fabricated using the melt spinning process and are composed of bicomponent combinations of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and nylon 6 (PA6) or polylactic acid (PLA) and an EastONE proprietary polymer. Topographical contrast as a result of differential sputtering and the high surface specificity and high signal-to-noise obtained using FIB-induced secondary electron imaging is shown to provide a useful approach for the rapid characterization of the cross-sectional morphology of bicomponent polymeric fibers without the necessity of staining or other sample preparation. DA - 2010/6// PY - 2010/6// DO - 10.1017/s1431927610000115 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 282-290 SN - 1431-9276 KW - bicomponent polymer fiber KW - characterization KW - focused ion beam KW - differential sputtering KW - ion-induced secondary electron imaging KW - biaxial cross section ER - TY - JOUR TI - FACILE SYNTHESIS, PURE DFT CALCULATIONS, AND PM3 SEMIEMPIRICAL MO METHOD VALIDATION OF REGIOSPECIFICITY OF NOVEL 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDO[2,3-d] PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AU - El-Shafei, A. AU - Fadda, A. A. AU - Bondock, S. AU - Khalil, A. M. AU - Tawfik, Eman H. T2 - SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS AB - Reaction of 6-aminothiouracil (or uracil) with equimolar amounts of different ketones or diketones and the appropriate aromatic aldehydes afforded di- and tricyclic linear pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 4, 6–12, 14, 16–18, 20, and 21, and pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline derivatives 15 and 19 in good yields. The regiospecificity, which led to the formation of compound 4 not 5, was validated using ab initio at the HF/6–31 G+(d,p) level and pure density functional theory (DFT) calculations using BLYP energy functional and the basis set DNP via studying the thermodynamics of their possible conformers and regioisomers. In addition, the total energy of the transition state was calculated for compounds 12 and 13 to determine whether the reaction products were thermodynamically or kinetically controlled. Hence, the linear structures and the regiospecificities of the reactions for the structures reported in this article were established by elemental analysis, spectral data, ab initio calculations, pure DFT, and PM3 parameters. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1080/00397910903534015 VL - 40 IS - 18 SP - 2788-2805 SN - 0039-7911 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77955441881&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Ab initio validation KW - acetylacetone KW - 6-amino-uracil and thiouracil KW - molecular modeling KW - trifloroacetylacetone ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of Type and Content of Modified Montmorillonite on the Structure and Properties of Bio-Nanocomposite Films Based on Soy Protein Isolate and Montmorillonite AU - Kumar, P. AU - Sandeep, K. P. AU - Alavi, S. AU - Truong, V. D. AU - Gorga, R. E. T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AB - Abstract: The nonbiodegradable and nonrenewable nature of plastic packaging has led to a renewed interest in packaging materials based on bio‐nanocomposites (biopolymer matrix reinforced with nanoparticles such as layered silicates). Bio‐nanocomposite films based on soy protein isolate (SPI) and modified montmorillonite (MMT) were prepared using melt extrusion. The effect of different type (Cloisite 20A and Cloisite 30B) and content (0% to 15%) of modified MMT on the structure (degree of intercalation and exfoliation) and properties (color, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, thermal stability, and water vapor permeability) of SPI‐MMT bio‐nanocomposite films were investigated. Extrusion of SPI and modified MMTs resulted in bio‐nanocomposites with exfoliated structures at lower MMT content (5%). At higher MMT content (15%), the structure of bio‐nanocomposites ranged from intercalated for Cloisite 20A to disordered intercalated for Cloisite 30B. At an MMT content of 5%, bio‐nanocomposite films based on modified MMTs (Cloisite 20A and Cloisite 30B) had better mechanical (tensile strength and percent elongation at break), dynamic mechanical (glass transition temperature and storage modulus), and water barrier properties as compared to those based on natural MMT (Cloisite Na + ). Bio‐nanocomposite films based on 10% Cloisite 30B had mechanical properties comparable to those of some of the plastics that are currently used in food packaging applications. However, much higher WVP values of these films as compared to those of existing plastics might limit the application of these films to packaging of high moisture foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01633.x VL - 75 IS - 5 SP - N46-N56 SN - 1750-3841 KW - bio-nanocomposite films KW - modified montmorillonite KW - properties KW - soy protein isolate KW - structural characterization ER - TY - CONF TI - Development of a novel bleaching process for cellulosic fibers AU - Xu, C. H. AU - Shamey, R. AU - Hinks, D. C2 - 2010/// C3 - Proceedings of AATCC International Conference DA - 2010/// SP - 70-79 PB - Atlanta, GA: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists ER - TY - JOUR TI - Controlling the Formation of Silver Nanoparticles on Silica by Photochemical Deposition and Other Means dagger AU - Vinci, John Cody AU - Bilski, Piotr AU - Kotek, Richard AU - Chignell, Colin T2 - PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY AB - Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) on silica were produced in aqueous solution by deposition of silver on colloidal silica in a small cuvette using radiation from a xenon-mercury lamp. Ag-NP were also synthesized on a much larger scale with low-level, long-term visible light irradiation for several months. In both cases, the nanoparticle production was monitored by the appearance of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at around 410 nm. The growth of the nanoparticles was directly related to the time exposed to radiation, which could be tracked spectrophotometrically over time. We also investigated the possibilities of rapid nanoparticle production without the assistance of radiation though silver oxide by adding alkali hydroxide, which is a relatively unexplored approach for syntheses of Ag-NP on silica. The SPR absorption of Ag-NP was used as a tool in evaluating the size and shape of the resulting nanoparticles along with dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy data. In order to better utilize and understand Ag-NP, we present various ways to control their production through initial concentration adjustments, irradiation effects, gravitational fractionation, sonication and silver oxide formation. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00717.x VL - 86 IS - 4 SP - 806-812 SN - 1751-1097 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon nanotube yarn strain sensors AU - Zhao, Haibo AU - Zhang, Yingying AU - Bradford, Philip D. AU - Zhou, Qian AU - Jia, Quanxi AU - Yuan, Fuh-Gwo AU - Zhu, Yuntian T2 - NANOTECHNOLOGY AB - Carbon nanotube (CNT) based sensors are often fabricated by dispersing CNTs into different types of polymer. In this paper, a prototype carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn strain sensor with excellent repeatability and stability for in situ structural health monitoring was developed. The CNT yarn was spun directly from CNT arrays, and its electrical resistance increased linearly with tensile strain, making it an ideal strain sensor. It showed consistent piezoresistive behavior under repetitive straining and unloading, and good resistance stability at temperatures ranging from 77 to 373 K. The sensors can be easily embedded into composite structures with minimal invasiveness and weight penalty. We have also demonstrated their ability to monitor crack initiation and propagation. DA - 2010/7/30/ PY - 2010/7/30/ DO - 10.1088/0957-4484/21/30/305502 VL - 21 IS - 30 SP - SN - 1361-6528 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bleaching cellulosic fibers via pre-sorption of N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)-benzoyl]-butyrolactam chloride AU - Xu, Changhai AU - Hinks, David AU - Shamey, Renzo T2 - CELLULOSE DA - 2010/8// PY - 2010/8// DO - 10.1007/s10570-010-9412-z VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 849-857 SN - 1572-882X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77954459258&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Sorption KW - Bleach activator KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Peracid KW - Cellulose KW - Freundlich isotherm ER - TY - JOUR TI - Application of Electrostatic Force Microscopy on Characterizing an Electrically Charged Fiber AU - Kim, J. AU - Jasper, W. AU - Barker, R. L. AU - Hinestroza, J. P. T2 - FIBERS AND POLYMERS DA - 2010/8// PY - 2010/8// DO - 10.1007/s12221-010-0775-4 VL - 11 IS - 5 SP - 775-781 SN - 1229-9197 KW - Filtration KW - Electret filter media KW - Electrostatic force microscopy KW - Charge ER - TY - JOUR TI - An investigation of dyeing properties of bleached knitted coton fabrics using novel cationic bleaching activators AU - Gursoy, N. C. AU - Hauser, P. T2 - Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 155-161 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis and Electrocatalysis of Carbon Nanofiber-Supported Platinum by 1-AP Functionalization and Polyol Processing Technique AU - Lin, Zhan AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Woodroof, Mariah D. AU - Yao, Yingfang AU - Krause, Wendy AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C AB - Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by depositing Pt nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers using a polyol processing technique. The morphology and size of Pt nanoparticles were controlled by 1-aminopyrene functionalization. The noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanofibers by 1-aminopyrene is simple and can be carried out at ambient temperature without damaging the integrity and electronic structure of the carbon nanofibers. The resulting Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were characterized by running cyclic voltammograms in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.125 M CH3OH + 0.2 M H2SO4 solutions. Results show that Pt/carbon composite nanofibers with 1-aminopyrene functionalization have Pt nanoparticles with a smaller size and better distribution compared with those treated with conventional acids. Moreover, Pt/1-aminopyrene-functionalized carbon nanofibers possess the properties of high active surface area, improved performance toward the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, and relatively good long-term stability. DA - 2010/3/11/ PY - 2010/3/11/ DO - 10.1021/jp9096138 VL - 114 IS - 9 SP - 3791-3797 SN - 1932-7447 UR - https://publons.com/publon/6540058/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Limitations in predicting dyebath exhaustion using optical spectroscopy AU - Guenay, Melih AU - Jasper, Warren J. T2 - COLORATION TECHNOLOGY AB - There are practical limitations in predicting dyebath concentrations and dyebath exhaustion using absorbance measurements from optical spectroscopy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the common assumptions of prediction models that cause prediction errors, and especially when multiple dye combinations are used. If a linear model is used to map absorbance to concentration, then five assumptions must hold: measurement repeatability, linear scaling, spectral additivity, linear independence of the constituent spectra and the absence of spectral morphing. Violation of one or more of these assumptions will lead to errors in predicting the concentrations of dyes in a dyebath and subsequent exhaustion calculations. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2010.00238.x VL - 126 IS - 3 SP - 140-146 SN - 1472-3581 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabrication of carbon nanofiber-driven electrodes from electrospun polyacrylonitrile/polypyrrole bicomponents for high-performance rechargeable lithium-ion batteries AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Yao, Yingfang AU - Toprakci, Ozan AU - Lin, Zhan AU - Liang, Yinzheng AU - Shi, Quan AU - Medford, Andrew J. AU - Millns, Christopher R. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES AB - Carbon nanofibers were prepared through electrospinning a blend solution of polyacrylonitrile and polypyrrole, followed by carbonization at 700 °C. Structural features of electrospun polyacrylonitrile/polypyrrole bicomponent nanofibers and their corresponding carbon nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, thermo-gravimetric analysis, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that intermolecular interactions are formed between two different polymers, which influence the thermal properties of electrospun bicomponent nanofibers. In addition, with the increase of polypyrrole concentration, the resultant carbon nanofibers exhibit increasing disordered structure. These carbon nanofibers were used as anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries without adding any polymer binder or conductive material and they display high reversible capacity, improved cycle performance, relatively good rate capability, and clear fibrous morphology even after 50 charge/discharge cycles. The improved electrochemical performance of these carbon nanofibers can be attributed to their unusual surface properties and unique structural features, which amplify both surface area and extensive intermingling between electrode and electrolyte phases over small length scales, thereby leading to fast kinetics and short pathways for both Li ions and electrons. DA - 2010/4/2/ PY - 2010/4/2/ DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.10.021 VL - 195 IS - 7 SP - 2050-2056 SN - 1873-2755 UR - https://publons.com/publon/674401/ KW - Electrospinning KW - Carbon nanofibers KW - Polyacrylonitrile KW - Polypyrrole KW - Lithium-ion batteries ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrodeposited MnOx/carbon nanofiber composites for use as anode materials in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries AU - Lin, Zhan AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Woodroof, Mariah D. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES AB - Carbon nanofiber-supported MnOx composites were prepared by electrodepositing MnOx nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers. The morphology and size of MnOx nanoparticles were controlled by the surface treatment of carbon nanofibers and the electrodeposition duration time. SEM, TEM/EDS, elemental analysis, and XRD were used to study the morphology and composition of MnOx on the nanofibers. The resultant MnOx/carbon nanofiber composites were used directly as the anode material in lithium half cells and their electrochemical performance was characterized. Results show that MnOx/carbon nanofiber composites prepared by different deposition durations have high reversible capacity, good capacity retention, and excellent structural integrity during cycling. DA - 2010/8/1/ PY - 2010/8/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.02.004 VL - 195 IS - 15 SP - 5025-5031 SN - 1873-2755 UR - https://publons.com/publon/6540092/ KW - Electrospinning KW - Electrodeposition KW - MnOx nanoparticles KW - Carbon nanofibers KW - Lithium-ion batteries ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of the degree of deacetylation on the thermal decomposition of chitin and chitosan nanofibers AU - Nam, Young Sik AU - Park, Won Ho AU - Ihm, Daewoo AU - Hudson, Samuel M. T2 - CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS AB - Chitin and chitosan nanofibers with different degrees of deacetylation (DD) were fabricated by electrospinning using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) as the spinning solvent and by subsequent deacetylation using a 40% aqueous NaOH solution at 100 °C for 0–150 min. The thermal decomposition behavior of the chitin and chitosan nanofibers was examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal stability of the chitin/chitosan nanofibers was decreased with increasing the DD and the peak temperature for thermal decomposition on the TGA curves was shifted to a lower temperature. The activation energies for the thermal degradation of the chitin/chitosan nanofibers were calculated from the TGA curves. The two exotherms corresponding to the decomposition of N-acetyl-d-glucosamime and d-glucosamine units in the chitin/chitosan molecular chains were observed on the DSC thermograms. This suggests that the residual N-acetyl groups had a blocky distribution in the molecular chain, possibly due to heterogeneous deacetylation. DA - 2010/3/25/ PY - 2010/3/25/ DO - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.11.030 VL - 80 IS - 1 SP - 291-295 SN - 1879-1344 KW - Chitosan KW - Chitin KW - Nanofibers KW - Degree of deacetylation KW - Thermal decomposition ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developing a novel UV protection process for cotton based on layer-by-layer self-assembly AU - Wang, Q. AU - Hauser, P. J. T2 - CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS AB - A new approach for UV protection of cotton fabrics based on electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) technique was studied in this paper. Three fluorescent brightening agents (FBAs) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) were stepwisely fabricated on cationized cotton fabrics through direct layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique. Dyeing of the assembled cotton fabrics with anionic dyes shows regular and identifiable “odd–even” changes in color depth (K/S value), indicating the variation of surface polarities of the cotton substrates due to the alternate deposition of FBA and PDDA on them. The stepwise increases in UPF of treated cotton fabrics further revealed the growth of these LbL deposition multilayers. The assembled cotton fabrics could obtain excellent UV protection ratings of UPF > 40 after several bilayers of FBA/PDDA were fabricated, depending on the type of FBAs. Excellent durability to washing of the (FBA/PDDA)n multilayers was obtained, which indicates good adhesion between the multilayer coatings and the cotton surfaces. DA - 2010/6/11/ PY - 2010/6/11/ DO - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.008 VL - 81 IS - 2 SP - 491-496 SN - 1879-1344 KW - UV protection KW - Cationized cotton KW - Layer-by-layer KW - Electrostatic self-assembly KW - Fluorescent brightening agent ER - TY - JOUR TI - Compatibilization of polystyrene/poly(dimethyl siloxane) solutions with star polymers containing a gamma-cyclodextrin core and polystyrene arms AU - Busche, Brad J. AU - Tonelli, Alan E. AU - Balik, C. Maurice T2 - POLYMER AB - Solutions of polystyrene and poly(dimethyl siloxane) in chloroform are compatibilized by the addition of a small amount of a star polymer consisting of a γ-cyclodextrin core and polystyrene arms. Compatibilization is visually observed when turbid PDMS/PS emulsions become clear upon addition of the CD-star molecule. The mechanism of compatibilization involves threading of the CD-core by PDMS and solubilization of the resulting “slip-ring graft copolymer” via the PS star arms. This process breaks up the undissolved PDMS domains into smaller, more stable micelles. Evidence for threading of the CD-core by PDMS is found using ROESY 2D-NMR. Intrinsic viscosity measurements for the compatibilized solutions show behavior similar to conventional graft copolymers which form micelles in a selective solvent. Dynamic light scattering measurements suggest that the micelle size is approximately 20 nm. The effects of varying the PDMS molecular weight, PDMS concentration and CD-star concentration are studied. DA - 2010/1/21/ PY - 2010/1/21/ DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.11.069 VL - 51 IS - 2 SP - 454-462 SN - 1873-2291 KW - Compatibilization KW - gamma-CD-star polymer KW - Blends ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon nanotube yarn and 3-D braid composites. Part II: Dynamic mechanical analysis AU - Bradford, Philip D. AU - Bogdanovich, Alexander E. T2 - COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING AB - Macroscopic textile preforms were produced with a multi-level hierarchical carbon nanotube (CNT) structure: nanotubes, bundles, spun single yarns, plied yarns and 3-D braids. In tensile tests, reported in Part I, composites produced from the 3-D braids exhibited unusual mechanical behavior effects. The proposed physical hypotheses explained those effects by molecular level interactions and molecular hindrance of the epoxy chains with individual carbon nanotubes occupying about 40% of the composite volume. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used in this Part II to study the molecular transitions of neat epoxy resin samples and their corresponding CNT yarn composite samples with varying matrix properties. Dramatic effects on the intensity and temperature at which α-transitions occured, were recorded, as well as a marked effect on the smaller segmental motions, or β-transitions. These changes in the matrix assist in explaining the mechanical test data presented in Part I and the proposed physical explanation of those data. DA - 2010/2// PY - 2010/2// DO - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.10.003 VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 238-246 SN - 1359-835X KW - Nano-structures KW - 3-Dimensional reinforcement KW - Thermomechanical KW - Carbon nanotubes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon nanotube yarn and 3-D braid composites. Part I: Tensile testing and mechanical properties analysis AU - Bogdanovich, Alexander E. AU - Bradford, Philip D. T2 - COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING AB - Macroscopic textile preforms were produced with a multi-level hierarchical carbon nanotube (CNT) structure: nanotubes, bundles, spun single yarns, plied yarns and 3-D braids. The 3-D braided preform was the first of its kind produced by textile processing technique and used as a composite reinforcement consisting solely of carbon nanotubes. Four different epoxy systems that possessed a wide range of mechanical properties (owed to an added modifier) were infused into the CNT yarns and 3-D braids. Mechanical characterization of the resulting composites was conducted through the use of tensile testing. It was found that the tensile strength, stiffness and, especially, strain-to-failure values for each preform type were close regardless of the properties of the matrix whose strain-to-failure values ranged from 3.6% to 89%. This is hypothetically attributed to the nano-scale interaction between individual nanotubes and polymeric macromolecules in the composites. This hypothesis is validated by the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis results in Part II. DA - 2010/2// PY - 2010/2// DO - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.10.002 VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 230-237 SN - 1878-5840 KW - 3-Dimensional reinforcement KW - Nano-structures KW - Mechanical testing KW - Carbon nanotubes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioresorbable elastomeric vascular tissue engineering scaffolds via melt spinning and electrospinning AU - Chung, Sangwon AU - Ingle, Nilesh P. AU - Montero, Gerardo A. AU - Kim, Soo Hyun AU - King, Martin W. T2 - ACTA BIOMATERIALIA AB - Current surgical therapy for diseased vessels less than 6mm in diameter involves bypass grafting with autologous arteries or veins. Although this surgical practice is common, it has significant limitations and complications, such as occlusion, intimal hyperplasia and compliance mismatch. As a result, cardiovascular biomaterials research has been motivated to develop tissue-engineered blood vessel substitutes. In this study, vascular tissue engineering scaffolds were fabricated using two different approaches, namely melt spinning and electrospinning. Small diameter tubes were fabricated from an elastomeric bioresorbable 50:50 poly(l-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) copolymer having dimensions of 5mm in diameter and porosity of over 75%. Scaffolds electrospun from two different solvents, acetone and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol were compared in terms of their morphology, mechanical properties and cell viability. Overall, the mechanical properties of the prototype tubes exceeded the transverse tensile values of natural arteries of similar caliber. In addition to spinning the polymer separately into melt-spun and electrospun constructs, the approach in this study has successfully demonstrated that these two techniques can be combined to produce double-layered tubular scaffolds containing both melt-spun macrofibers (<200microm in diameter) and electrospun submicron fibers (>400nm in diameter). Since the vascular wall has a complex multilayered architecture and unique mechanical properties, there remain several significant challenges before a successful tissue-engineered artery is achieved. DA - 2010/6// PY - 2010/6// DO - 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.007 VL - 6 IS - 6 SP - 1958-1967 SN - 1878-7568 KW - Tissue engineering scaffolds KW - Elastomeric PLCL KW - Melt spinning KW - Electrospinning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond aflatoxin: four distinct expression patterns and functional roles associated with Aspergillus flavus secondary metabolism gene clusters AU - Georgianna, D. Ryan AU - Fedorova, Natalie D. AU - Burroughs, James L. AU - Dolezal, Andrea L. AU - Bok, Jin Woo AU - Horowitz-Brown, Sigal AU - Woloshuk, Charles P. AU - Yu, Jiujiang AU - Keller, Nancy P. AU - Payne, Gary A. T2 - MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY AB - Species of Aspergillus produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, and recent genomic analysis has predicted that these species have the capacity to synthesize many more compounds. It has been possible to infer the presence of 55 gene clusters associated with secondary metabolism in Aspergillus flavus; however, only three metabolic pathways-aflatoxin, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and aflatrem-have been assigned to these clusters. To gain an insight into the regulation of and to infer the ecological significance of the 55 secondary metabolite gene clusters predicted in A. flavus, we examined their expression over 28 diverse conditions. Variables included culture medium and temperature, fungal development, colonization of developing maize seeds and misexpression of laeA, a global regulator of secondary metabolism. Hierarchical clustering analysis of expression profiles allowed us to categorize the gene clusters into four distinct clades. Gene clusters for the production of aflatoxins, CPA and seven other unknown compound(s) were identified as belonging to one clade. To further explore the relationships found by gene expression analysis, aflatoxin and CPA production were quantified under five different cell culture environments known to be conducive or nonconducive for aflatoxin biosynthesis and during the colonization of developing maize seeds. Results from these studies showed that secondary metabolism gene clusters have distinctive gene expression profiles. Aflatoxin and CPA were found to have unique regulation, but are sufficiently similar that they would be expected to co-occur in substrates colonized with A. flavus. DA - 2010/3// PY - 2010/3// DO - 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2009.00594.X VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 213-226 SN - 1364-3703 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A CB Protective Firefighter Turnout Suit AU - Barker, Roger AU - Deaton, Shawn AU - Liston, Gail AU - Thompson, Donald T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS AB - This paper describes research that developed a prototype chemical and biological (CB) protective firefighter suit. It is presented as a case study demonstrating an integrated systems approach to designing, developing and evaluating a protective clothing ensemble based on end user requirements. It includes a discussion of the process that was used to gain an understanding of firefighter performance needs for a structural turnout suit that also incorporated chemical protection. It describes the design features of the turnout suit that were developed to meet these expectations as well as the program of testing and evaluation used to characterize garment performance. It discusses ensemble level performance evaluations in instrumented fire manikin tests and man-in-stimulant test procedures. It describes studies conducted to determine the impact of prototype garment design features on heat stress, wear comfort and ergonomic function in structural firefighting applications. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1080/10803548.2010.11076835 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 135-152 SN - 2376-9130 KW - firefighter protective clothing KW - chemical protective clothing KW - protective clothing testing and evaluation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis and application of yellow azo-anthraquinone disperse dyes for polylactide fibres AU - He, Liang AU - Lu, Lihua AU - Zhang, Shufen AU - Freeman, Harold S. T2 - COLORATION TECHNOLOGY AB - 1‐Phenyl‐3‐methyl‐5‐pyrazolonyl azo‐anthraquinone dyes having high light fastness on polylactide fibres were synthesised from 1‐aminoanthraquinone via a diazotisation‐coupling reaction with 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐5‐pyrazolones. The structures of these new dyes were confirmed using mass spectrometry, infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and combustion analyses. Their dyeing behaviour on polylactide fibres was also determined, whereupon it was found that the title dyes could be applied at a relatively low dyeing temperature and that the corresponding dyed fabrics had good fastness properties. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2010.00232.x VL - 126 IS - 2 SP - 92-96 SN - 1472-3581 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multiaxis 3D woven preform and properties of multiaxis 3D woven and 3D orthogonal woven carbon/epoxy composites AU - Bilisik, K. T2 - Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 29 IS - 8 SP - 1173-1186 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Flexible Polymer Chains Wrapping Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes AU - Tallury, Syamal S. AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A. T2 - JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B AB - The goal of this study is to explore the interface between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and polymer chains with flexible backbones in vacuo via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These simulations investigate whether the polymers prefer to wrap the SWCNT, what the molecular details of that interface are, and how the interfacial interaction is affected by the chemical composition and structure of the polymer. The simulations indicate that polymers with flexible backbones tend to wrap around the SWCNT, although not in any distinct conformation; no helical conformations were observed. PAN with the cyano side group showed a preference for transversing the length of the SWCNT rather than wrapping around its diameter, and the cyano group prefers to align parallel to the SWCNT surface. Flexible backbone polymers with bulky and aromatic side groups such as PS and PMMA prefer intrachain coiling rather than wrapping the SWCNT. Moment of inertia plots as a function of time quantify the interplay between intrachain coiling and adsorption to the SWCNT surface. DA - 2010/4/1/ PY - 2010/4/1/ DO - 10.1021/jp908001d VL - 114 IS - 12 SP - 4122-4129 SN - 1520-6106 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77950266139&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimizing the tissue anchoring performance of barbed sutures in skin and tendon tissues AU - Ingle, N. P. AU - King, M. W. T2 - JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS AB - The focus of the current work was to study how the geometric design of a single barbed monofilament suture effects its biomechanical behavior. Different cut angles and cut depths of barbs were prepared and tested in vitro for their tensile and tissue anchoring properties by means of a novel suture/tissue pullout test. Experiments were also performed using bovine tendon and porcine skin tissues. The experimental results revealed that since tendon tissue has a higher modulus than skin it needs a more rigid barb to penetrate and anchor the surrounding tissue. A cut angle of 150° and a cut depth of 0.18 mm are therefore recommended. On the other hand, for the softer skin tissue, a cut angle of 170° and a cut depth of 0.18 mm provides a more flexible barb that gives superior skin tissue anchoring. These findings confirm that the future development of barbed suture technology requires a detailed understanding of the biomechanical properties of the tissue in which they are to be used. This will lead to the future development of a range of tissue-specific barbed sutures. DA - 2010/1/19/ PY - 2010/1/19/ DO - 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.08.033 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 302-309 SN - 1873-2380 KW - Barbed suture KW - Polypropylene KW - Tendon KW - Skin KW - Suture/tissue pullout test ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of Si/carbon composite nanofiber-based insertion anodes for new-generation rechargeable lithium-ion batteries AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AB - A convenient and low cost approach has been developed for the fabrication of advanced anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries by loading Si nanoparticles as an alloying media into carbon nanofibers. The resultant composite nanofiber anodes have special fibrous textures that can absorb the huge volume change of Si during Li insertion and extraction reactions and hinder the cracking or crumbling of the electrode, and hence they have good electrochemical behaviors including large reversible capacity, relatively high capacity retention and good rate capability. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1039/b912188a VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 124-129 SN - 1754-5692 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178339/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrospun Ultrathin Nylon Fibers for Protective Applications AU - Vitchuli, Narendiran AU - Shi, Quan AU - Nowak, Joshua AU - McCord, Marian AU - Bourham, Mohamed AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Electrospun nylon 6 fiber mats were deposited on woven 50/50 nylon/cotton fabric with the motive of making them into protective material against submicron‐level aerosol chemical and biological threats. Polymer solution concentration, electrospinning voltage, and deposition areal densities were varied to establish the relationships of processing‐structure‐filtration efficiency of electrospun fiber mats. A high barrier efficiency of greater than 99.5% was achieved on electrospun fiber mats without sacrificing air permeability and pressure drop. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 DA - 2010/5/15/ PY - 2010/5/15/ DO - 10.1002/app.31825 VL - 116 IS - 4 SP - 2181-2187 SN - 1097-4628 UR - https://publons.com/publon/3117886/ KW - electrospinning KW - nylon 6 KW - ultrathin fiber KW - protection KW - aerosol ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of Platinum Salt Concentration on the Electrospinning of Polyacrylonitrile/Platinum Acetylacetonate Solution AU - Lin, Zhan AU - Woodroof, Mariah D. AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Liang, Yinzheng AU - Krause, Wendy AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract The preparation and characterization of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/platinum(II) acetylacetonate composite nanofibers were investigated. The solution properties, such as viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity, of Pt‐acetylacetonate‐added PAN solutions in N,N ‐dimethylformamide were measured, and their influences on the resulting fiber structure were also determined. At low Pt salt concentrations, the addition of Pt salt increased the fiber diameter but did not change the fiber diameter distribution. However, the fiber diameter decreased, and the fiber diameter distribution became broader when the Pt salt concentration went beyond a critical value. The structure of the electrospun fibers was determined by the formation of polymer–salt– solvent interactions, which changed the balance among the viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity of the solutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 DA - 2010/4/15/ PY - 2010/4/15/ DO - 10.1002/app.31616 VL - 116 IS - 2 SP - 895-901 SN - 1097-4628 UR - https://publons.com/publon/6540059/ KW - fibers KW - processing KW - nanocomposites ER - TY - JOUR TI - Churchland's Metamers AU - Kuehni, Rolf G. AU - Hardin, C. L. T2 - BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AB - Paul Churchland proposed a conceptual framework for translating reflectance profiles into a space he takes to be the color qualia space. It allows him to determine color metamers of spectral surface reflectances without reference to the characteristics of visual systems, claiming that the reflectance classes that it specifies correspond to visually determined metamers. We advance several objections to his method, show that a significant number of reflectance profiles are not placed into the space in agreement with the qualia solid, and produce two sets of counterexamples to his claim for metamers. 1. Introduction2. Preliminary Explanations and Objections 2.1. Color spaces and solids2.2. Visual metamers2.3. Matching and appearance2.4. Effect of light on appearance of objects3. Churchland's ‘Canonical Approximation’ Hypothesis4. Does the CA Cylinder House SSRs in Agreement with the Perceptual Color Solid?5. Two Sets of Metameric Counterexamples 5.1. Three metameric grays5.2. Three metameric yellows6. Birds, Bees, and Anthropocentrism Redux DA - 2010/3// PY - 2010/3// DO - 10.1093/bjps/axp021 VL - 61 IS - 1 SP - 81-92 SN - 1464-3537 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chitosan-Coated Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers For Wound Dressings AU - Kang, Yun Ok AU - Yoon, In-Soo AU - Lee, So Young AU - Kim, Dae-Duk AU - Lee, Seung Jin AU - Park, Won Ho AU - Hudson, Samuel M. T2 - JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS AB - Abstract A PVA nanofibrous matrix was prepared by electrospinning an aqueous 10 wt % PVA solution. The mean diameter of the PVA nanofibers electrospun from the PVA aqueous solution was 240 nm. The water resistance of the as‐spun PVA nanofibrous matrix was improved by physically crosslinking the PVA nanofibers by heat treatment at 150°C for 10 min, which were found to be the optimal heat treatment conditions determined from chemical and morphological considerations. In addition, the heat‐treated PVA (H‐PVA) nanofibrous matrix was coated with a chitosan solution to construct biomimetic nanofibrous wound dressings. The chitosan‐coated PVA (C‐PVA) nanofibrous matrix showed less hydrophilic and better tensile properties than the H‐PVA nanofibrous matrix. The effect of the chitosan coating on open wound healing in a mouse was examined. The C‐PVA and H‐PVA nanofibrous matrices showed faster wound healing than the control. The histological examination and mechanical stability revealed the C‐PVA nanofibrous matrix to be more effective as a wound‐healing accelerator in the early stages of wound healing than the H‐PVA nanofibrous matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010 DA - 2010/2// PY - 2010/2// DO - 10.1002/jbm.b.31554 VL - 92B IS - 2 SP - 568-576 SN - 1552-4981 KW - poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) KW - electrospinning KW - nanofiber KW - chitosan KW - coating KW - wound healing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Atmospheric plasma treatment to improve durability of a water and oil repellent finishing for acrylic fabrics AU - Ceria, Alberto AU - Hauser, Peter J. T2 - SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AB - In this study, the influence of an atmospheric plasma treatment on the durability of a commercial water and oil repellent finish was tested. Acrylic fabrics were processed with a RF atmospheric pressure plasma generator and afterwards a fluorocarbon finish was applied through a traditional pad-dry-cure method. Two gas mixtures were tested (helium and helium/oxygen) with different plasma treatment times. The ageing of the finishing was simulated through repeated accelerated laundry cycles. The water and oil repellencies were measured through standard test methods. While the initial water and oil repellency did not change, the plasma treatment improved the durability of the finish after artificial ageing. Scanning electron microscopy analyses were carried out to highlight morphological changes. DA - 2010/1/25/ PY - 2010/1/25/ DO - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.09.077 VL - 204 IS - 9-10 SP - 1535-1541 SN - 0257-8972 KW - Atmospheric plasma KW - Acrylic fabric KW - Repellency KW - Durable coating ER - TY - JOUR TI - A high-throughput de novo sequencing approach for shotgun proteomics using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry AU - Pan, C. AU - Park, B. H. AU - McDonald, W. H. AU - Carey, P. A. AU - Banfield, J. F. AU - VerBerkmoes, N. C. AU - Hettich, R. L. AU - Samatova, N. F. T2 - BMC Bioinformatics DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Mathematical Model for Evaluating Fatigue Resistance of SG Tubular Fabric: Relationship between Textile Parameters and Fatigue Performance AU - Zhao, Huijing AU - Wang, Lu AU - Li, Yuling AU - Liu, Xiaoyan AU - King, Martin W. T2 - JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS AB - Fatigue testing for twelve SG tubular fabrics with various textile parameters was performed under pulsatile pressure by an Accelerated fatigue tester. Two time points as of 0, and 1 x 10(8) cycles were selected. The percentage change of tubular diameter, fabric count, porosity, and water permeability before and after the fatigue testing were used to characterize the fatigue performance. Bursting work was used to indicate fatigue. The mathematical model of quantification theory I was used to analyze the influence of various textile parameters on the fatigue performance of SG tubular fabric. It was found that with the increase of fatigue time, bursting work decreased, and the predicting results by quantification theory I for the fatigue resistance were relatively accurate and the contribution ratio of each textile parameter to the fatigue performance was also obtained. Different textile parameter has different contribution ratio if different parameters were used to characterize the fatigue performance. Woven construction had more influence than yarn size on the fatigue performance, and yarn type had the least influence on it. Woven construction, yarn size, and yarn type had interactive influence on the fatigue performance. This can provide theoretical foundation for making better fatigue resistant SG tubular fabrics. DA - 2010/3// PY - 2010/3// DO - 10.1177/0885328208099437 VL - 24 IS - 7 SP - 579-590 SN - 1530-8022 KW - quantification theory I KW - predict KW - SG tubular fabric KW - fatigue KW - textile parameter ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perceptual prominence of Hering's chromatic primaries AU - Kuehni, Rolf G. AU - Shamey, Renzo AU - Mathews, Mara AU - Keene, Brandi T2 - JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION AB - Reported are results of an experiment involving perceptual assessment of very large color differences using samples representing approximate mean Hering opponent generic unique hues (guHs) based on subject selections, intermediate hues (iHs) using Munsell samples intermediate between guHs, and pairings of both guHs and iHs with a neutral gray. Sample pairs were assessed by 28 color normal subjects twice, with a gap of at least 24 hours between assessments. Results were calculated for individual subjects and the entire group. The hypothesis was that perceived chromatic differences of Hering's guHs are larger than those of iHs, and this was found to be statistically valid at the 99% confidence level based on a t-test. In addition, gray as a percept was found to have prominence comparable to that of generic unique hues. DA - 2010/2// PY - 2010/2// DO - 10.1364/josaa.27.000159 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 159-165 SN - 1520-8532 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-76749144264&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - PAT TI - High modulus polyamide fibers AU - Jun, D. AU - Kotek, R. AU - Tonelli, A. E. AU - Vasanthan, N. C2 - 2010/// DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - High field Q slope and the baking effect: Review of recent experimental results and new data on Nb heat treatments AU - Ciovati, G. AU - Myneni, G. AU - Stevie, F. AU - Maheshwari, P. AU - Griffis, D. T2 - PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS AB - The performance of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities made of bulk Nb at high fields (peak surface magnetic field greater than about 90 mT) is characterized by exponentially increasing rf losses (high-field $Q$ slope), in the absence of field emission, which are often mitigated by low-temperature ($100--140\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$, 12--48 h) baking. In this contribution, recent experimental results and phenomenological models to explain this effect will be briefly reviewed. New experimental results on the high-field $Q$ slope will be presented for cavities that had been heat treated in a vacuum furnace at high temperature without subsequent chemical etching. These studies are aimed at understanding the role of hydrogen on the high-field $Q$ slope and at the passivation of the Nb surface during heat treatment. Improvement of the cavity performances, particularly of the cavities' quality factor, have been obtained following the high-temperature heat treatments, while secondary ion mass spectroscopy surface analysis measurements on Nb samples treated with the cavities revealed significantly lower hydrogen concentration than for samples that followed standard cavity treatments. DA - 2010/2// PY - 2010/2// DO - 10.1103/physrevstab.13.022002 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - SN - 1098-4402 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Atomic Layer Deposition and Abrupt Wetting Transitions on Nonwoven Polypropylene and Woven Cotton Fabrics AU - Hyde, G. Kevin AU - Scarel, Giovanna AU - Spagnola, Joseph C. AU - Peng, Qing AU - Lee, Kyoungmi AU - Gong, Bo AU - Roberts, Kim G. AU - Roth, Kelly M. AU - Hanson, Christopher A. AU - Devine, Christina K. AU - Stewart, S. Michael AU - Hojo, Daisuke AU - Na, Jeong-Seok AU - Jur, Jesse S. AU - Parsons, Gregory N. T2 - LANGMUIR AB - Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of aluminum oxide on nonwoven polypropylene and woven cotton fabric materials can be used to transform and control fiber surface wetting properties. Infrared analysis shows that ALD can produce a uniform coating throughout the nonwoven polypropylene fiber matrix, and the amount of coating can be controlled by the number of ALD cycles. Upon coating by ALD aluminum oxide, nonwetting hydrophobic polypropylene fibers transition to either a metastable hydrophobic or a fully wetting hydrophilic state, consistent with well-known Cassie−Baxter and Wenzel models of surface wetting of roughened surfaces. The observed nonwetting/wetting transition depends on ALD process variables such as the number of ALD coating cycles and deposition temperature. Cotton fabrics coated with ALD aluminum oxide at moderate temperatures were also observed to transition from a natural wetting state to a metastable hydrophobic state and back to wetting depending on the number of ALD cycles. The transitions on cotton appear to be less sensitive to deposition temperature. The results provide insight into the effect of ALD film growth mechanisms on hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers and fibrous structures. The ability to adjust and control surface energy, surface reactivity, and wettability of polymer and natural fiber systems using atomic layer deposition may enable a wide range of new applications for functional fiber-based systems. DA - 2010/2/16/ PY - 2010/2/16/ DO - 10.1021/la902830d VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 2550-2558 SN - 0743-7463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessment of reproductive tract disease in cats at risk for Tritrichomonas foetus infection AU - Gray, Sara G. AU - Hunter, Stuart A. AU - Stone, Maria R. AU - Gookin, Jody L. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - Abstract Objective —To determine whether Tritrichomonas foetus infection resides in reproductive tract tissues from cats housed for breeding and for which a high prevalence of colonic T foetus infection has been reported. Animals —61 purebred cats in 36 catteries undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy or castration and for which reproductive tract tissues, feces, and a reproductive history were obtained. Procedures —Reproductive tract tissues were examined for T foetus via light microscopy, immunohistochemical analysis, and PCR assay. History of reproductive tract disease was examined to detect statistical associations with identified or reported exposure to colonic T foetus infection. Results —15 of 61 (25%) cats and 22 of 33 (67%) catteries were identified with active or reported T foetus infection. Light microscopic, immunohistochemical, or molecular evidence of T foetus infection of the reproductive tract was not detected in any cats, including 15 cats with colonic T foetus infection, 29 cats residing in a cattery in which T foetus –infected cats were identified, and 8 cats for which gross or light microscopic evidence of reproductive tract disease was identified. There were no differences in total number of litters, number of litters per breeding, kitten mortality rate, or birth defects between cats or catteries infected with T foetus and those for which T foetus infection was not identified. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —No evidence of reproductive tract colonization by T foetus was detected in this study. Accordingly, it is unlikely that reproductive tract infection with T foetus plays an important role in overall disease transmission. DA - 2010/1// PY - 2010/1// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.71.1.76 VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 76-81 SN - 1943-5681 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analytical expressions for predicting capture efficiency of bimodal fibrous filters AU - Fotovati, S. AU - Tafreshi, H. Vahedi AU - Ashari, A. AU - Hosseini, S. A. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE AB - In this work, a series of numerical simulations are formulated for studying the performance (collection efficiency and pressure drop) of filter media with bimodal diameter distributions. While there are numerous analytical expressions available for predicting performance of filters made up of fibers with a unimodal fiber diameter distribution, there are practically no simple relations for bimodal filters. In this paper, we report on the influence of the fiber diameter dissimilarity and the number (mass) fraction of each component on the performance of a bimodal filter. Our simulation results are utilized to establish a unimodal equivalent diameter for the bimodal media, thereby taking advantage of the existing expressions of unimodal filters for capture efficiency prediction. Our results indicate that the cube root relation of Tafreshi, Rahman, Jaganathan, Wang, and Pourdeyhimi (2009) offers the closest predictions for the range of particle diameters, coarse fiber number (mass) fractions, fiber diameter ratios, and solid volume fractions (SVF) considered in this work. Our study revealed that the figure of merit (FOM) of bimodal filters increases with increasing fiber diameter ratios for Brownian particles (dp<100 nm), and decreases when challenged with larger particles. It has also been shown that when increasing the ratio of coarse fibers to fine fibers, FOM increases for Brownian particles, and decreases for larger particles. DA - 2010/3// PY - 2010/3// DO - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.01.002 VL - 41 IS - 3 SP - 295-305 SN - 1879-1964 KW - Bimodal filter media KW - Aerosol filtration KW - Slip flow KW - Interception modeling KW - CFD simulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Morphology of polystyrene/poly(dimethyl siloxane) blends compatibilized with star polymers containing a gamma-cyclodextrin core and polystyrene arms AU - Busche, Brad J. AU - Tonelli, Alan E. AU - Balik, C. Maurice T2 - POLYMER AB - Abstract A star polymer with a γ–CD core and PS arms is used to compatibilize blends of the immiscible polymers PS and PDMS. The mechanism of compatibilization is threading of the CD core by PDMS and subsequent solubilization in the PS matrix facilitated by the star arms. Spun-cast films of this blend are examined with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Blends without CD-star exhibit large-scale phase separation, whereas those containing CD-star exhibit very homogeneous morphologies in the optical microscope and nanometer-sized phase domains in the AFM. The effect of PDMS molecular weight on the blend morphology is insignificant. The morphology of the compatibilized films does not change significantly after annealing at 125 °C for 3 days, indicating that the CD-star polymer effectively stabilizes these blends at temperatures where both polymers are mobile and could otherwise undergo large-scale phase separation. The degree of compatibilization in these blends is correlated with the molar ratio of PDMS repeat units to CD-star molecules. DA - 2010/3/11/ PY - 2010/3/11/ DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.01.019 VL - 51 IS - 6 SP - 1465-1471 SN - 1873-2291 KW - Blends KW - Compatibilization KW - gamma-CD-star polymer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mesomorphic-alpha-Monoclinic Phase Transition in Isotactic Polypropylene: A Study of Processing Effects on Structure and Mechanical Properties AU - Arvidson, Sara A. AU - Khan, Saad A. AU - Gorga, Russell E. T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - We report the enthalpy for the mesomorphic to α-monoclinic phase transition in polypropylene under varying thermal treatments. The mesomorphic phase is created by fiber spinning and rapid quenching methods and identified using wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Fiber mesomorphs are found to have a 3-fold increase in enthalpy of transition per gram of mesophase compared with our measurements of quenched polypropylene and previous reports of quenched polypropylene. In addition, systematic tensile testing over a range of spin speeds and polymer morphologies reveals that the presence of mesomorphic regions does not correlate with reduced fiber strength as has been previously suggested. Fiber true stress−true strain curves obtained at varying take-up velocities are compared to determine the “tensile strain shift”, which should theoretically provide a measure of molecular orientation. We find that the tensile strain shift correlates with birefringence, thereby providing an alternative method to assess molecular orientation in fibers, an important factor for fiber strength. This approach can prove useful for fibers in which measuring the molecular orientation via birefringence is not an option. DA - 2010/3/23/ PY - 2010/3/23/ DO - 10.1021/ma1001645 VL - 43 IS - 6 SP - 2916-2924 SN - 1520-5835 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Formation and electrochemical performance of copper/carbon composite nanofibers AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Lin, Zhan AU - Zhou, Rui AU - Shi, Quan AU - Toprakci, Ozan AU - Medford, Andrew J. AU - Millns, Christopher R. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA AB - Copper-loaded carbon nanofibers are fabricated by thermally treating electrospun Cu(CH3COO)2/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and utilized as an energy-storage material for rechargeable lithium–ion batteries. These composite nanofibers deliver more than 400 mA g−1 reversible capacities at 50 and 100 mA g−1 current densities and also maintain clear fibrous morphology and good structural integrity after 50 charge/discharge cycles. The relatively high capacity and good cycling performance of these composite nanofibers, stemmed from the integrated combination of metallic copper and disordered carbon as well as their unique textures and surface properties, make them a promising electrode candidate for next-generation lithium–ion batteries. DA - 2010/2/1/ PY - 2010/2/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.033 VL - 55 IS - 5 SP - 1605-1611 SN - 1873-3859 UR - https://publons.com/publon/674402/ KW - Electrospinning KW - Carbon nanofibers KW - Copper KW - Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preparation of Nanoscale Azo Pigment Yellow 13/poly(styrene-maleic acid) Composite Dispersions via Free-Radical Precipitation Polymerization AU - Fu, Shaohai AU - Xu, Changhai T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Nanoscale azo pigment yellow 13 (PY13) was coated by poly(styrene–maleic acid) (PSMA) with a free‐radical precipitation polymerization, followed by the preparation of the dispersion. The effects of the PSMA structure on the particle size and centrifugal stability were investigated. The experimental results revealed that the particle size was large, and the stability of the PY13/PSMA dispersions was high when the molar ratio of the feeding maleic acid to styrene, the weight ratio of the feeding initiator to monomer, and the weight ratio of the feeding monomer to pigment were about 1.0, 0.6, and 20%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that PY13 was coated by PSMA. The PY13/PSMA dispersion was stable in the pH range 5.6–10.5. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 DA - 2010/2/15/ PY - 2010/2/15/ DO - 10.1002/app.31171 VL - 115 IS - 4 SP - 1929-1934 SN - 0021-8995 KW - coatings KW - dispersions KW - microencapsulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Alkali on Properties of Nanoscale 2,9 Dimethyl Quinacridone/Poly(styrene-maleic acid) Composite Dispersion AU - Shao-Hai, Fu AU - Chang-Hai, Xu T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Nanoscale 2,9 dimethyl quinacridone (P.R.122) encapsulated by copolymer of styrene and maleic acid (PSMA) was prepared via phase separation technique followed by the preparation of composite dispersions. Experimental results showed that sodium hydroxide provided the dispersion the smallest particle size and the highest stability when compared with other additives, regardless of it being taken as dispersant or the other neutralization reagent. An optimal process was attained by using sodium hydroxide with a dosage of 0.60 times of molar amount of COOH groups in PSMA when P.R.122/PSMA composite dispersion was treated at 45°C for 30 min. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 DA - 2010/1/5/ PY - 2010/1/5/ DO - 10.1002/app.30858 VL - 115 IS - 1 SP - 526-531 SN - 1097-4628 KW - 2, 9 dimethyl quinacridone KW - copolymer of styrene and maleic acid KW - encapsulated KW - composite KW - dispersion ER -