TY - JOUR TI - MuLiMs-MCoMPAs: A Novel Multiplatform Framework to Compute Tensor Algebra-Based Three-Dimensional Protein Descriptors AU - Contreras-Torres, Ernesto AU - Marrero-Ponce, Yovani AU - Terán, Julio E. AU - García-Jacas, César R. AU - Brizuela, Carlos A. AU - Sánchez-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos T2 - Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling AB - This report introduces the MuLiMs-MCoMPAs software (acronym for Multi-Linear Maps based on N-Metric and Contact Matrices of 3D Protein and Amino-acid weightings), designed to compute tensor-based 3D protein structural descriptors by applying two- and three-linear algebraic forms. Moreover, these descriptors contemplate generalizing components such as novel 3D protein structural representations, (dis)similarity metrics, and multimetrics to extract geometrical related information between two and three amino acids, weighting schemes based on amino acid properties, matrix normalization procedures that consider simple-stochastic and mutual probability transformations, topological and geometrical cutoffs, amino acid, and group-based MD calculations, and aggregation operators for merging amino acidic and group MDs. The MuLiMs-MCoMPAs software, which belongs to the ToMoCoMD-CAMPS suite, was developed in Java (version 1.8) using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (version 1.4.19) and the Jmol libraries. This software implemented a divide-and-conquer strategy to parallelize the computation of the indices as well as modules for data preprocessing and batch computing functionalities. Furthermore, it consists of two components: (i) a desktop-graphical user interface (GUI) and (ii) an API library. The relevance of this novel approach is demonstrated through two analyses that considered Shannon’s entropy-based variability and a principal component analysis. These studies showed that the MuLiMs-MCoMPAs’ three-linear descriptor family contains higher informational entropy than several other descriptors generated with available computation tools. Moreover, the MuLiMs-MCoMPAs indices capture additional orthogonal information to the one codified by the available calculation approaches. As a result, two sets of suggested theoretical configurations that contain 13648 two-linear indices and 20263 three-linear indices are available for download at tomocomd.com. Furthermore, as a demonstration of the applicability and easy integration of the MuLiMs library into a QSAR-based expert system, a software application (ProStAF) was generated to predict SCOP protein structural classes and folding rate. It can thus be anticipated that the MuLiMs-MCoMPAs framework will turn into a valuable contribution to the chem- and bioinformatics research fields. DA - 2019/10/30/ PY - 2019/10/30/ DO - 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00629 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - 1042-1059 J2 - J. Chem. Inf. Model. LA - en OP - SN - 1549-9596 1549-960X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00629 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Incorporating wireless data acquisition into the STEM Curriculum: A case study with Lean Six Sigma AU - Jasper, W.J. T2 - 2019 ASEE Southeastern Section Conference C2 - 2019/// C3 - 2019 ASEE Southeastern Section Conference CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Three-dimensional biplane spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy: erratum AU - Song, Ki-Hee AU - Zhang, Yang AU - Wang, Gaoxiang AU - Sun, Cheng AU - Zhang, Hao F. T2 - Optica DA - 2019/10/20/ PY - 2019/10/20/ DO - 10.1364/OPTICA.6.001374 UR - https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.6.001374 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Three-dimensional biplane spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy AU - Song, Ki-Hee AU - Zhang, Yang AU - Wang, Gaoxiang AU - Sun, Cheng AU - Zhang, Hao F. T2 - Optica AB - Spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy (sSMLM) captures the full emission spectra of individual molecules while simultaneously localizing their spatial locations at a precision greatly exceeding the optical diffraction limit. To achieve this, sSMLM uses a dispersive optical component to separate the emitted photons into dedicated spatial and spectral imaging channels for simultaneous acquisition. While adding a cylindrical lens in the spatial imaging channel enabled three-dimensional (3D) imaging in sSMLM, the inherent astigmatism leads to technical hurdles in spectral calibration and nonuniform lateral resolution at different depths. We found that implementing the biplane method based on the already established spatial and spectral imaging channels offers a much more attractive solution for 3D sSMLM. It allows for more efficient use of the limited photon budget and provides homogeneous lateral resolution compared with the astigmatism-based method using a cylindrical lens. Here we report 3D biplane sSMLM and demonstrate its multi-color 3D imaging capability by imaging microtubules and mitochondria in fixed COS-7 cells immunostained with Alexa Fluor 647 and CF 660C dyes, respectively. We showed a lateral localization precision of 20 nm at an average photon count of 550, a spectral precision of 4 nm at an average photon count of 1250, and an axial localization resolution of 50 nm. DA - 2019/6/20/ PY - 2019/6/20/ DO - 10.1364/OPTICA.6.000709 UR - https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.6.000709 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multicolor super-resolution imaging using spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy with optimal spectral dispersion AU - Zhang, Yang AU - Song, Ki-Hee AU - Dong, Biqin AU - Davis, Janel L. AU - Shao, Guangbin AU - Sun, Cheng AU - Zhang, Hao F. T2 - Applied Optics AB - We developed transmission diffraction grating-based spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy (sSMLM) to collect the spatial and spectral information of single-molecule blinking events concurrently. We characterized the spectral heterogeneities of multiple far-red emitting dyes in a high-throughput manner using sSMLM. We also investigated the influence of spectral dispersion on the single-molecule identification performance of fluorophores with large spectral overlapping. The careful tuning of spectral dispersion in grating-based sSMLM permitted simultaneous three-color super-resolution imaging in fixed cells with a single objective lens at a relatively low photon budget. Our sSMLM has a compact optical design and can be integrated with conventional localization microscopy to provide add-on spectroscopic analysis capability. DA - 2019/3/20/ PY - 2019/3/20/ DO - 10.1364/AO.58.002248 UR - https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.002248 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Machine-learning based spectral classification for spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy AU - Zhang, Zheyuan AU - Zhang, Yang AU - Ying, Leslie AU - Sun, Cheng AU - Zhang, Hao F. T2 - Optics Letters AB - Spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy (sSMLM) simultaneously captures the spatial locations and emission spectra of single molecular emissions and enables simultaneous multicolor super-resolution imaging. Existing sSMLM relies on extracting spectral signatures, such as weighted spectral centroids, to distinguish different molecular labels. However, the rich information carried by the complete spectral profiles is not fully utilized; thus, the misclassification rate between molecular labels can be high at low spectral analysis photon budget. We developed a machine learning (ML)-based method to analyze the full spectral profiles of each molecular emission and reduce the misclassification rate. We experimentally validated our method by imaging immunofluorescently labeled COS-7 cells using two far-red dyes typically used in sSMLM (AF647 and CF660) to resolve mitochondria and microtubules, respectively. We showed that the ML method achieved 10-fold reduction in misclassification and two-fold improvement in spectral data utilization comparing with the existing spectral centroid method. DA - 2019/12/1/ PY - 2019/12/1/ DO - 10.1364/OL.44.005864 UR - https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.44.005864 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High-Throughput Single-Molecule Spectroscopy Resolves the Conformational Isomers of BODIPY Chromophores AU - Sansalone, Lorenzo AU - Zhang, Yang AU - Mazza, Mercedes M. A. AU - Davis, Janel L. AU - Song, Ki-Hee AU - Captain, Burjor AU - Zhang, Hao F. AU - Raymo, Françisco M. T2 - The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters AB - A borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore is connected to a benzoxazole, benzothiazole, or nitrobenzothiazole heterocycle through an olefinic bridge with trans configuration. Rotation about the two [C–C] bonds flanking the olefinic bridge occurs with fast kinetics in solution, leading to the equilibration of four conformational isomers for each compound. Ensemble spectroscopic measurements in solutions fail to distinguish the coexisting isomers. They reveal instead averaged absorption and emission bands with dependence of the latter on the excitation wavelength. Using high-throughput single-molecule spectroscopy, two main populations of single molecules with distinct spectral centroids are observed for each compound on glass substrates. Computational analyses suggest the two populations of molecules to be conformational isomers with antiperiplanar and periplanar arrangements of the BODIPY chromophores about its [C–C] bond to the olefinic bridge. Thus, statistical analysis of multiple single-molecule emission spectra can discriminate stereoisomers that would otherwise be impossible to distinguish by ensemble measurements alone. DA - 2019/11/7/ PY - 2019/11/7/ DO - 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02250 VL - 10 IS - 21 SP - 6807-6812 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02250 ER - TY - CONF TI - Synthesis and characterization of new benzoxazines polymers and their applications AU - Eletmany, Mohamed R. AU - Hassan, Entesar A. AU - Fandy, Ragab F. AU - Aly, Kamal I. T2 - 5th Young Researchers of Egyptian Universities Conference (YREUC-5) C2 - 2019/3/26/ C3 - 5th Young Researchers of Egyptian Universities Conference (YREUC-5) CY - South Valley University, Qena, Egypt DA - 2019/3/26/ PY - 2019/3/26/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Synthesis and characterization of Novel 2-substituted 1,3-benzoxazines monomers and studies their Polymerization AU - Eletmany, Mohamed R. AU - Hassan, Entesar A. AU - Fandy, Ragab F. AU - Aly, Kamal I. T2 - 14th International Conference on Chemistry and its Role in Development (ICCRD-2019) C2 - 2019/// C3 - 14th International Conference on Chemistry and its Role in Development (ICCRD-2019) CY - Mansoura University, Hurghada, Egypt DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/3/27/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Benzoxazine Polymers with Their Industrial Applications AU - Eletmany, Mohamed R. AU - Hassan, Entesar A. AU - Fandy, Ragab F. AU - Aly, Kamal I. T2 - 3rd Annual Conference of the Faculty of Science C2 - 2019/4/16/ C3 - 3rd Annual Conference of the Faculty of Science CY - Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt DA - 2019/4/16/ PY - 2019/4/16/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Development of New Organic Hole Transport Compounds for high Performances Organic Solar cells AU - Eletmany, Mohamed R. T2 - 3rd International Conference on Natural Resources and Renewable Energy (ICNRRE) C2 - 2019/// C3 - 3rd International Conference on Natural Resources and Renewable Energy (ICNRRE) CY - South Valley University, Hurghada, Egypt DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/7/22/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transient heat loss analysis of fabrics using a dynamic sweating guarded hot plate protocol AU - Oswald, Courtney AU - DenHartog, Emiel T2 - Textile Research Journal AB - Moisture management is important for the human comfort of clothing, especially while perspiring. Ideally, the fabric chosen for a garment enables moisture to migrate away from the skin surface, facilitating the liquid to be evaporated into the surrounding environment, which causes a cooling sensation for the wearer. This process is influenced by factors such as fiber type, fabric construction, and fabric treatments, all of which impact the resulting wicking and moisture management properties of the fabric. This research explored the heat loss associated with combined water absorption, wicking, and evaporative cooling during wetting of fabrics. A dynamic sweating guarded hot plate was used to measure transitional heat loss as water was introduced at a steady rate over a 65-minute testing period. The results on a cotton and polyester blend fabric as well as a wool fabric indicated that the liquid water absorption and transport processes significantly influence heat loss properties during this transition. However, the results also show novel aspects in the efficiency of cooling associated with the wicking of sweat and different stages of wetting of fabrics leading to different cooling power. Furthermore, this method raises questions as to whether current sweating guarded hot plate technologies are an appropriate representation of human sweat production or that the scalability of sweat production per unit area is limited. This developed testing method can be successful in quantifying the differences in transitional heat loss and will enable testing of fabrics for comfort in changing conditions. DA - 2019/11/13/ PY - 2019/11/13/ DO - 10.1177/0040517519888257 VL - 90 IS - 9-10 SP - 1130-1140 J2 - Textile Research Journal LA - en OP - SN - 0040-5175 1746-7748 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519888257 DB - Crossref KW - management of human sensory and comfort KW - measurement KW - performance KW - product and systems engineering KW - thermal comfort ER - TY - PAT TI - Polypropylene composites and method for preparation thereof C2 - 2019/6/14/ DA - 2019/6/14/ PY - 2019/6/14/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fluid surface coatings for solid-state nanopores: comparison of phospholipid bilayers and archaea-Inspired lipid monolayers T2 - Nanotechnology AB - In the context of sensing and characterizing single proteins with synthetic nanopores, lipid bilayer coatings provide at least four benefits: first, they minimize unwanted protein adhesion to the pore walls by exposing a zwitterionic, fluid surface. Second, they can slow down protein translocation and rotation by the opportunity to tether proteins with a lipid anchor to the fluid bilayer coating. Third, they provide the possibility to impart analyte specificity by including lipid anchors with a specific receptor or ligand in the coating. Fourth, they offer a method for tuning nanopore diameters by choice of the length of the lipid's acyl chains. The work presented here compares four properties of various lipid compositions with regard to their suitability as nanopore coatings for protein sensing experiments: (1) electrical noise during current recordings through solid-state nanopores before and after lipid coating, (2) long-term stability of the recorded current baseline and, by inference, of the coating, (3) viscosity of the coating as quantified by the lateral diffusion coefficient of lipids in the coating, and (4) the success rate of generating a suitable coating for quantitative nanopore-based resistive pulse recordings. We surveyed lipid coatings prepared from bolaamphiphilic, monolayer-forming lipids inspired by extremophile archaea and compared them to typical bilayer-forming phosphatidylcholine lipids containing various fractions of curvature-inducing lipids or cholesterol. We found that coatings from archaea-inspired lipids provide several advantages compared to conventional phospholipids; the stable, low noise baseline qualities and high viscosity make these membranes especially suitable for analysis that estimates physical protein parameters such as the net charge of proteins as they enable translocation events with sufficiently long duration to time-resolve dwell time distributions completely. The work presented here reveals that the ease or difficulty of coating a nanopore with lipid membranes did not depend significantly on the composition of the lipid mixture, but rather on the geometry and surface chemistry of the nanopore in the solid state substrate. In particular, annealing substrates containing the nanopore increased the success rate of generating stable lipid coatings. DA - 2019/4/16/ PY - 2019/4/16/ DO - 10.1088/1361-6528/ab19e6 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab19e6 KW - nanopore KW - single protein KW - lipid coating KW - archaea-inspired lipids KW - stability KW - noise ER - TY - CONF TI - Development of a Colorimetric Sensor for the Detection of Methyl Salicylate during Man-In-Simulant Test AU - Woods, E. AU - Williams, T.N. AU - Ormond, R.B. T2 - 133rd NC Local Section Meeting of the American Chemical Society C2 - 2019/11// C3 - 133rd NC Local Section Meeting of the American Chemical Society CY - Research Triangle Park, NC DA - 2019/11// PY - 2019/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - Designing the next generation of hair dyes using cheminformatics AU - Williams, T.N. AU - Van Den Driessche, G.A. AU - Fourches, D. AU - Freeman, H.S. T2 - American Chemical Society National Meeting & Expo C2 - 2019/4// C3 - American Chemical Society National Meeting & Expo CY - Orlando, FL DA - 2019/4// PY - 2019/4// ER - TY - CONF TI - Design and development of stent coated with novel cardiac stem cell-mimicking regenerative factors AU - Bambharoliya, T. AU - Hu, S. AU - Cheng, K. AU - King, M.W. C2 - 2019/// C3 - Transactions of the Annual Meeting of the Society for Biomaterials and the Annual International Biomaterials Symposium DA - 2019/// VL - 40 SP - 481 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85065394023&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Correlation of Micro- and Macrostructural Attributes with the Foamability of Modified Polypropylene Using Supercritical CO2 AU - Banerjee, Debjyoti AU - Dutta, Anindya AU - Vimal, Kakkarakkal Kottiyath AU - Kapur, Gurpreet Singh AU - Ghosh, Anup K. T2 - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research AB - This study covers the micro- and macrostructural changes that take place prior to and after foaming in polypropylene (PP). Four industrial grades of PP with varying molecular weights and amorphous contents were considered. Batch foaming of the samples was carried out using supercritical CO2 at three different temperatures, keeping the saturation pressure constant. A straight correlation between the cell size and the density of foams was drawn. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements in coherence with wide-angle X-ray analysis gave unique insights into the crystallinity of foams. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed shifts in the transition peaks of foamed PPs as compared with their corresponding unfoamed states. The tensile properties of foams of impact copolymers, foamed at low temperature, possessed superior tensile toughness to that of the foams obtained from homopolymers and random copolymers. This tensile characteristic of foams was in coherence with the DMA analysis. DA - 2019/7/10/ PY - 2019/7/10/ DO - 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01258 VL - 58 IS - 27 SP - 12054-12065 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01258 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of Carbonyl Group on Photocurrent Density of Novel Fluorene Based D-π-A Photosensitizers: Synthesis, Photophysical and Photovoltaic Studies T2 - Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry AB - Herein, we developed novel and promising low-cost metal free organic dyes 7a-c and 10a-c via a simple, highly efficient, and high yield through two-step methodology based on Suzuki coupling reaction. These new dyes characterized with D-π-A architecture, utilized a binary π-conjugated spacer comprised of fluorenone and thiophene or spiro fluorene and thiophene. This construction would help in studying the impact of π-spacers on the photovoltaic (PV) parameters of fabricated DSSCs. The highest photocurrent efficiency (PCE) of 3.5%, JSC (7.80 mA cm−2), VOC (0.62 V) and FF (69.11%) was achieved by photosensitizer 10b incorporating spiro fluorene π-spacers moiety compared to PCE of 2.70%, JSC (6.45 mA cm−2), VOC (0.57 V) and FF (71.50%) for dye 7b with fluorenone π-spacers at the AM1.5 G conditions and using a volatile redox electrolyte (iodide/triiodide). DFT/TD-DFT calculations were used to clarify the relation between the molecular structure, photophysical and photoelectrochemical properties utilizing GAUSSIAN 09 programming. Interestingly, DFT results showed a distribution of a frontier LUMO isosurface between the carbonyl group of fluorenone and the acceptor part in case of photosensitizers 7a-c compared to 10a-c, which shows a complete frontier LUMO shift to the acceptor part only. This confirms the effect of carbonyl group on trapping the electrons. This causes a weak electron injection into TiO2 surface, which lowered the photocurrent conversion efficiency of 7a-c dyes compared to 10a-c. The dyes structures were confirmed by UV–vis, emission spectrophotometry, FT-IR, ESI-MS and 1H-NMR. DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019/10// DO - 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112133 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112133 KW - Synthesis KW - Fluorene KW - Photophysical KW - TD-DFT KW - Solar energy ER - TY - CONF TI - Investigating Process-Structure Relationships of 3D-MeltBlowing for Tissue Engineering Applications AU - Schuchard, K. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Fisher, M.B. AU - Shirwaiker, R. T2 - Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers Annual Conference C2 - 2019/// CY - Orlando, FL DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/5/18/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Nonwoven Sustainability (Keynote) AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Nonwoven Research Academy, EDANA C2 - 2019/10// CY - Denkendorf, Germany DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019/10// ER - TY - CONF TI - Recent Trends in Nonwovens and Sustainability AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - RISE C2 - 2019/9// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2019/9// PY - 2019/9// ER - TY - CONF TI - Anisotropic Scaffold Fabrication using High-Throughput 3D-Melt Blowing AU - Schuchard, K. AU - Anderson, B. AU - Grondin, P. AU - Fisher, M.B. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Shirwaiker, R. T2 - Biofabrication C2 - 2019/// CY - Columbus, OH DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/10/20/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Elastomeric depth filter AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. DA - 2019/11/5/ PY - 2019/11/5/ M1 - 10,464,000 M3 - U.S. Patent SN - 10,464,000 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling Polymer Crystallization Kinetics in the Meltblowing Process AU - Ghosal, Arkaprovo AU - Chen, Kailin AU - Sinha-Ray, Suman AU - Yarin, Alexander L. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research AB - A novel model of the crystallization process in meltblowing process is proposed and implemented in numerical simulations. The spinline crystallization is studied using numerical solutions of the system of coupled quasi-one-dimensional equations describing the dynamics of multiple polymer jets moving in the surrounding high-speed air. Cooling, crystallization, and solidification accompany three-dimensional motion of polymer jets resulting in their vigorous stretching by the air flux including the aerodynamically driven bending/flapping. The numerical solutions predict distribution of the degree of crystallinity in polymer jets in flight, as well as in the laydown formed on the collecting screen, with the three-dimensional structure of the laydown being fully reconstructed. The effect of the collector screen temperature, die-to-collector distance (DCD), and the activation energy of the viscous flow in the polymer melt on the laydown features is studied in detail. DA - 2019/12/6/ PY - 2019/12/6/ DO - 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04840 VL - 59 IS - 1 SP - 399-412 J2 - Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. LA - en OP - SN - 0888-5885 1520-5045 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04840 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The molecular engineering, synthesis and photovoltaic studies of a novel highly efficient Ru(ii) complex incorporating a bulky TPA ancillary ligand for DSSCs: Donor: versus π-spacer effects AU - Abdellah, I.M. AU - El-Shafei, A. T2 - RSC Advances AB - The IA-7 complex was applied in DSSCs. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.1039/c9ra06150a VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 610-619 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85077506385&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Designing an antimicrobial knitted wound dressing for vacuum assisted wound closure AU - Zha, D. AU - Nakod, P. AU - He, T. AU - El-Shafei, A. AU - Brown, A. AU - Hudson, S. AU - King, M.W. C2 - 2019/// C3 - Transactions of the Annual Meeting of the Society for Biomaterials and the Annual International Biomaterials Symposium DA - 2019/// VL - 40 SP - 603 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85065387853&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Application of the Internet of Things in the textile industry AU - Manglani, Hitesh AU - Hodge, George L. AU - Oxenham, William T2 - Textile Progress AB - The ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT) is at times mythologized and its purpose mistaken, and often people can become confused about what it means, does or aims to achieve; moreover, without a financial appraisal of the differences IoT can make to their own enterprise, business leaders may be content to watch and wait rather than to take a lead. This issue of Textile Progress aims to provide a guide to help navigation beyond general statements about IoT and to help those involved with the textile industry to make an informed decision about its potential value to them. The definitions of the Internet of Things (IoT) available in the literature, and those put forth by organizations working on IoT standards development, are reviewed along with its architecture, elements, standards and protocols to help provide an understanding of the concepts and goals of IoT. A broad overview of impediments challenging the progress of IoT, especially in relation to cybersecurity, is provided. This review also compares ongoing work in the application of IoT in the textile industry to that in other manufacturing sectors whilst focussing on the interpretation of IoT technologies and their potential application to the textile industry according to both technological and business perspectives. A specific case study for the spinning industry is conducted to help with evaluation of its IoT solutions and to help to address how other parts of the textile industry might benefit from its application. The case study includes evaluation of IoT solutions in the spinning industry spanning the period between ITMA 2011 to 2019, and takes information from interviews with industry executives to inform future directions of IoT in the spinning industry. DA - 2019/7/3/ PY - 2019/7/3/ DO - 10.1080/00405167.2020.1763701 VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 225-297 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2020.1763701 KW - Internet of Things KW - industrial Internet of Things KW - digitalization KW - cyber physical systems KW - industry 4.0 KW - cybersecurity KW - cyber physical production systems KW - digital twins KW - smart production KW - textile industry KW - IoT KW - CPS KW - CPPS KW - IIoT KW - ITMA ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigation of the Influence of Film Thickness on Phase Behavior of an Immiscible Binary Polymer Mixture T2 - Global Journal of Engineering Sciences AB - Recently, polymer phase behavior got much attention both in scientific research and industrial applications. Phase separation plays a vital role during practical applications of polymer mixture as the properties depend on its dynamics and structures. Researchers put intense interest to analyze phase separation of immiscible polymer blends and observed that various factors such as temperature, molecular weight, substrate and film thickness influence polymer phase separation process. Among them, film thickness dependence got immense attraction now a days. Film thickness dependence of phase separation of binary polymer mixture coupled with various analytical techniques, is discussed in Film thickness, phase separation, microscopic analysis, AFM, SEM, XPS, TEM this review. DA - 2019/11/15/ PY - 2019/11/15/ DO - 10.33552/gjes.2019.04.000576 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.33552/gjes.2019.04.000576 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing Technology in Textile and Fashion Industry: Materials and Innovation T2 - Modern Concepts in Materials Science DA - 2019/11/13/ PY - 2019/11/13/ UR - https://irispublishers.com/mcms/pdf/MCMS.MS.ID.000529.pdf ER - TY - CHAP TI - Biodegradable Polymer Blends for Food Packaging Applications PY - 2019/11/11/ UR - https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Gs2-DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA151&dq=Biodegradable+Polymer+Blends+for+Food+Packaging+Applications&ots=yrviJbMLHo&sig=byKeIKOS0RqJwKKR5jqNOAMUfo4#v=onepage&q=Biodegradable%20Polymer%20Blends%20for%20Food%20Packaging%20Applications&f=false ER - TY - JOUR TI - Water-processable, sprayable LiFePO4/graphene hybrid cathodes for high-power lithium ion batteries T2 - Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry AB - Here, we demonstrate facile water-processable and sprayable electrode fabrication methods for LiFePO4/graphene hybrid cathodes in LIBs, without using an organic solvent. The multi-functionality of graphene oxide (GO), as a dispersant, binder, and precursor for the conductive graphene, was exploited in this fabrication process. Additional polymeric binders or conductive carbons were unnecessary. At high current rates, this water-processed LiFePO4/reduced graphene oxide (LFP/rGO) can store a larger amount of charges than conventional LFP cathodes produced by the previously formulated organic slurry-based blade coating method. The LFP/rGO electrode consisting of 80 wt.% LFP and 20 wt.% rGO showed capacity of 37 mA h g−1 at a very high current rate (2040 mA g−1). In contrast, the conventional LFP–based electrodes fabricated with poly(vinylidene fluoride), and carbon black in an organic solvent, exhibited negligible capacity (<1 mA h g−1) at such a high current rate. The cycling stability of the sprayed LFP/rGO electrode was also significantly higher than that of the conventional LFP–based electrodes under harsh electrochemical conditions. After 1000 cycles at 3400 mA g−1 from 1.5 to 4.5 V (vs. Li/Li+), the sprayed LFP/rGO and conventional LFP/PVdF/carbon electrode exhibited capacity retention levels of 88% and 38%, respectively. DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019/12// DO - 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.12.022 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.12.022 KW - Water-processable KW - Lithium iron phosphate KW - Graphene KW - Lithium ion battery KW - Cathode KW - Energy storage ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent developments in bio-monitoring via advanced polymer nanocomposite-based wearable strain sensors T2 - Biosensors and Bioelectronics AB - Recent years, an explosive growth of wearable technology has been witnessed. A highly stretchable and sensitive wearable strain sensor which can monitor motions is in great demand in various fields such as healthcare, robotic systems, prosthetics, visual realities, professional sports, entertainments, etc. An ideal strain sensor should be highly stretchable, sensitive, and robust enough for long-term use without degradation in performance. This review focuses on recent advances in polymer nanocomposite based wearable strain sensors. With the merits of highly stretchable polymeric matrix and excellent electrical conductivity of nanomaterials, polymer nanocomposite based strain sensors are successfully developed with superior performance. Unlike conventional strain gauge, new sensing mechanisms include disconnection, crack propagation, and tunneling effects leading to drastically resistance change play an important role. A rational choice of materials selection and structure design are required to achieve high sensitivity and stretchability. Lastly, prospects and challenges are discussed for future polymer nanocomposite based wearable strain sensor and their potential applications. DA - 2019/1// PY - 2019/1// DO - 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.037 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.037 KW - Wearable KW - Strain KW - Sensor KW - Bio-monitoring KW - Polymer KW - Nanocomposite ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nano silica-carbon-silver ternary hybrid induced antimicrobial composite films for food packaging application T2 - Food Packaging and Shelf Life AB - In this work, Ag assisted biobased silica-carbon nanoparticles (SCAg-NPs) were incorporated into a viscous biopolymer solution to fabricate antimicrobial thin films using 3D printing technique. The Ag NPs were prepared in situ from AgNO3 through one-step ball milling in the presence of silica-carbon hybrid obtained from pyrolysis of rice husk. The nanostructure of the SCAg-NPs was determined by XRD and TEM. These as-synthesized particles were also characterized by XPS analysis. The printed films were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, Raman microanalysis, TGA, DSC and tensile testing to investigate the influence of nanoparticles on the thermal and mechanical properties on the films. Antimicrobial testing was carried out on the films to assess the inhibitory effect of SCAg NPs on Salmonella Enteritidis inoculum. XRD, XPS and Raman microanalysis confirmed the incorporation of Ag particles into SCNPs, while FE-SEM size measurement of the SCAg NPs ranged between 10–100 nm in diameter. Thermal analysis revealed that the inclusion of SCAg NPs led to improvement in the thermal stability of the fabricated nanocomposites films. Tensile test was carried out to determine the influence of SCAg NPs on mechanical properties of the films and found moderate increase in the strength of the polymer film. DA - 2019/3// PY - 2019/3// DO - 10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.12.003 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.12.003 KW - Rice husk KW - Silica-carbon-silver NPs KW - Nanocomposites thin films KW - Food packaging ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigations into structure-property relationships of novel Ru(II) dyes with N,N '-Diethyl group in ancillary ligand for dye-sensitized solar cells AU - Ashraf, Saba AU - Su, Rui AU - Akhtar, Javeed AU - Siddiqi, Humaira M. AU - Shuja, Ahmed AU - Al-Saad, Khalid A. AU - Al-Qaradawi, Siham Y. AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - Structure-property relationships of four novel bipyridyl Ru(II) complexes, denoted as SD-22, SD-24, SD-26 and SD-28, are reported herein. The molecular structures of all four photosensitizers were confirmed using FT-IR, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. Photovoltaic characteristics of the photosensitizers were evaluated under 1.5 a.m. standard illumination condition, in presence of deoxycholic acid as co-adsorbent, and subsequently compared to the performance of the benchmark, Z907. SD-22 showed an IPCE of 52% and 50% at 440 nm and 550 nm, respectively, a short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 17.37 mA cm−2, open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) of 0.63 V and fill factor (FF) of 0.66, producing an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 7.31%, which outperformed Z907 (7.02%) under the same experimental device conditions. The η of the other photosensitizers is in the following order: SD-22 > SD-28 > SD-26 > SD-24. Photosensitizer SD-22 has N,N′-dialkyl group attached to a benzene ring while SD-24 has N,N′-dialkyl without a benzene ring. The extended conjugation in SD-22 translated into higher overall solar-to-electric conversion efficiency. Substitution of dialkylamino-based ancillary ligands of Ru(II) dyes SD-26 and SD-28 with –OCH3 and –OC6H13 also demonstrated that the photovoltaic performance of polypyridyl ruthenium photosensitizers is a function of the donating power of ancillary ligands as well as the steric effect of alkoxy auxochromes at –ortho position. DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019/12// DO - 10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107754 VL - 171 SP - SN - 1873-3743 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85073088390&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Solar cell KW - Ruthenium dyes KW - Ancillary ligands KW - Structure-property relationship ER - TY - JOUR TI - Asymmetric Dual Anchoring Sensitizers/Cosensitizers for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Application: An Insight into Various Fundamental Processes inside the Cell AU - Kesavan, Rajalakshmi AU - Attia, Fathy AU - Su, Rui AU - Anees, P. AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed AU - Adhikari, Airody Vasudeva T2 - JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C AB - To study the various fundamental processes occurring inside the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC), we have fabricated devices employing newly synthesized diphenylamine-based organic dyes with A-D-π-A configuration, carrying four different anchoring groups, namely, cyanoacetic acid (DDC), rhodanine acetic acid (DDR), 4-hydrazinylbenzoic acid (DDH), and barbituric acid (DDB), as effective sensitizers/cosensitizers. In the present work, all the bianchoring dyes were subjected to photophysical, electrochemical, thermodynamic, photoelectrochemical, and theoretical studies. All of them displayed characteristic λabs and λemi in the range of 415–480 and 570–680 nm, respectively. Their optical and electrochemical band gaps were calculated to be in the order of 2.1 to 2.3 eV. The calculated driving forces for electron injection (ΔGinj), recombination (ΔGinj), and regeneration (ΔGreg) processes were found to be negative, showing the feasibility of these processes, while their DFT studies clearly indicated the directional flow of electrons within the dye in the cell. The devices with DDC as sensitizer displayed the highest conversion efficiency of 2.53%, whereas DDB exhibited the maximum of 7.69% when employed as a cosensitizer along with Ru (II) based HD-2 dye. Finally, EIS circuit fitting was carried out in order to obtain different interface resistance values to study the fundamental processes of energy conversion. DA - 2019/10/10/ PY - 2019/10/10/ DO - 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b06525 VL - 123 IS - 40 SP - 24383-24395 SN - 1932-7455 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85072953120&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel metal-free organic dyes constructed with the D-D vertical bar A-pi-A motif: Sensitization and co-sensitization study AU - Sun, Rui AU - Lyu, Luping AU - Elmorsy, Mohamed R. AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed T2 - SOLAR ENERGY AB - A new structural motif, D-D|A-π-A, was suggested for the design of novel metal-free organic sensitizers, where “D|A” represents a fused donor-acceptor conjugated building block. Three organic dyes, coded FS07, FS08 and FS09, were synthesized accordingly with the incorporation of indolo [2,3-b] quinoxaline (IQ) as the main building block but different additional donors. The synthesized dyes were well-characterized and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were well-studied. Additionally, molecular modeling via DFT method was employed to probe their photovoltaic behaviors as sensitizers/co-sensitizers. The isodensity of the molecular orbitals displays the distinguished intramolecular charge delocalization in the IQ moiety, even though its donor and acceptor sections are coplanar-fused. In the photovoltaic characterization, FS08 exhibited the best DSSC performance. Moreover, FS07, FS08 and FS09 were co-sensitized along with a typical high efficient bipyridyl Ru(II) sensitizer, HD-2, in order to induce the light harvesting over expanded spectral region and hence improve the efficiency. The solar cell co-sensitized with FS08 displayed improved efficiency of 7.94% with JSC of 19.37 mA⋅cm−2, VOC of 0.654 V and FF of 62.7%, which outperformed the device employing HD-2 alone (efficiency of 7.46%). Owing to the appropriate dye loading of FS08 in the presence of HD-2 and CDCA mixed dye solution, the benign coordination for light harvesting was guaranteed and the photoexcitation was maximized, the co-sensitized JSC was improved; due to the well-modified TiO2 surface coverage with the tight attachment of FS08 and HD-2, the dye aggregation was diminished and the undesired charge recombination was suppressed, the co-sensitized VOC was improved. DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019/12// DO - 10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.061 VL - 194 SP - 400-414 SN - 0038-092X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85074473045&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Metal-free organic sensitizer KW - D-D vertical bar A-pi-A KW - Fused donor-acceptor conjugation KW - Indolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline (IQ) KW - Co-sensitization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Three-component one-pot reaction for molecular engineering of novel cost-effective highly rigid quinoxaline-based photosensitizers for highly efficient DSSCs application: Remarkable photovoltage AU - Lyu, Luping AU - Su, Rui AU - Al-Qaradawi, Siham Y. AU - Al-Saad, Khalid A. AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - A simple three-component one-pot approach was developed to generate three novel highly rigid quinoxaline-based dyes, which were further investigated as sensitizers of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The effect of different push-pull molecular motifs containing various donors and attachment of long alkyl chains on photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic performances, along with theoretical calculations were studied comprehensively. In particular, LY03-based DSSCs showed the highest efficiency of 7.04% with a short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 14.32 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) of 910 mV and a fill factor (FF) of 0.54% under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2). The results confirm that improving the molecular rigidity of sensitizer and incorporation of long alkyl chains into an auxiliary acceptor and donor is one of the most effective pathways to prevent “trade-off” effect, which translated into remarkable improvement in open-circuit photovoltage of 0.91 V, hence, enhancing the photovoltaic performance. DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019/12// DO - 10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107683 VL - 171 SP - SN - 1873-3743 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85068505054&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - DSSC KW - Quinoxaline KW - Auxiliary acceptor KW - Metal-free organic dyes KW - Long alkyl chain KW - Rigidified chromophore ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of demographics and motivational factors on US consumer clothing and shoes disposal behavior AU - Rezaei Arangdad, S. AU - Thoney-Barletta, K. AU - Joines, J. AU - Rothenberg, L. T2 - Research Journal of Textile and Apparel AB - Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study clothing and shoes disposal behavior of US consumers in an attempt to understand how to divert more clothing and shoes from the landfill. Design/methodology/approach A survey was administered to 209 consumers from the general US population. The survey includes questions on demographics, methods of disposal and factors that motivate or prevent consumers from choosing methods other than throwing unwanted clothing in the trash. Findings Analysis of demographic data from the survey indicates that gender, income, marital status, living arrangement and type of dwelling have an effect on whether consumers recycle textiles. Other survey results indicate that helping factors are more influential in motivating consumers to recycle clothing and shoes than economic factors. The condition of clothes and shoes and lack of awareness are the most prominent reasons preventing consumers from recycling more textiles. The results also show that there are statistically significant differences between households with and without children when it comes to disposing adults’ clothing and shoes. Originality/value These results may help policymakers who want to motivate consumers to recycle or develop recycling programs. DA - 2019/9/9/ PY - 2019/9/9/ DO - 10.1108/rjta-08-2018-0051 VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 170–188 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-08-2018-0051 KW - Clothing disposal KW - Clothing recycling KW - Discard practices KW - Recycling behaviour KW - Textile waste ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tensor Algebra-based Geometrical (3D) Biomacro-Molecular Descriptors for Protein Research: Theory, Applications and Comparison with other Methods AU - Terán, Julio E. AU - Marrero-Ponce, Yovani AU - Contreras-Torres, Ernesto AU - García-Jacas, César R. AU - Vivas-Reyes, Ricardo AU - Terán, Enrique AU - Torres, F. Javier T2 - Scientific Reports AB - Abstract In this report, a new type of tridimensional (3D) biomacro-molecular descriptors for proteins are proposed. These descriptors make use of multi-linear algebra concepts based on the application of 3-linear forms ( i . e ., Canonical Trilinear (Tr), Trilinear Cubic (TrC), Trilinear-Quadratic-Bilinear (TrQB) and so on) as a specific case of the N -linear algebraic forms. The definition of the k th 3-tuple similarity-dissimilarity spatial matrices ( Tensor’s Form ) are used for the transformation and for the representation of the existing chemical information available in the relationships between three amino acids of a protein. Several metrics ( Minkowski-type, wave-edge , etc) and multi-metrics ( Triangle area, Bond-angle , etc) are proposed for the interaction information extraction, as well as probabilistic transformations ( e . g ., simple stochastic and mutual probability) to achieve matrix normalization. A generalized procedure considering amino acid level-based indices that can be fused together by using aggregator operators for descriptors calculations is proposed. The obtained results demonstrated that the new proposed 3D biomacro-molecular indices perform better than other approaches in the SCOP-based discrimination and the prediction of folding rate of proteins by using simple linear parametrical models. It can be concluded that the proposed method allows the definition of 3D biomacro-molecular descriptors that contain orthogonal information capable of providing better models for applications in protein science. DA - 2019/8/6/ PY - 2019/8/6/ DO - 10.1038/s41598-019-47858-2 VL - 9 IS - 1 J2 - Sci Rep LA - en OP - SN - 2045-2322 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47858-2 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Highly Efficient Purification of Multicomponent Wastewater by Electrospinning Kidney-Bean-Skin-like Porous H-PPAN/rGO-g-PAO@Ag+/Ag Composite Nanofibrous Membranes AU - Han, Na AU - Wang, Weijing AU - Lv, Xingshuai AU - Zhang, Wenxin AU - Yang, Chao AU - Wang, Menglu AU - Kou, Xiaohui AU - Li, Wei AU - Dai, Ying AU - Zhang, Xingxiang T2 - ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES AB - Due to the complexity of harmful wastewater components, environmental and multifunctional materials are required for sewage purification. In this paper, a novel kidney-bean-skin-like hydrophilic porous polyacrylonitrile/reduced graphene oxide-g-poly(amidoxime)-loaded Ag+ (H-PPAN/rGO-g-PAO@Ag+/Ag) composite nanofiber membrane was fabricated by combining electrospinning and hydrolysis methods. The spinning solution was pumped at a rate of 0.4 mL/h with the voltage set at a constant value of 23 kV. Then, some of the -CN groups switched to hydrophilic -COOH groups via a hydrolysis method, which acts as a linker of GO-g-PAN, Ag+, and the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix. A further step of chelation and thermal treatment were used for generating Schottky junctions between rGO-g-PAO@Ag+ and Ag. After five-cycle tests, it exhibited outstanding mechanical properties ensuring the filtration and purification performance of the H-PPAN/rGO-g-PAO@Ag+/Ag composite nanofiber membrane (i.e., the tensile strength was still 7.21 MPa, and the elongation was 61.53%) for simulated wastewater. The methods of thermal treatment and high-pressure Hg lamp irradiation promoted the reduction of GO to rGO and Ag+ to Ag particles, which endows the final product H-PPAN/rGO-g-PAO@Ag+/Ag with excellent photocatalytic and bactericidal properties. Its catalytic efficiency for dyes benzoic acid (BA), Rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), and methyl orange (MO) was up to 99.8, 98, 95, and 91%. The antibacterial rate was 100% against Escherichia coli and 99% against Staphylococcus aureus. More importantly, the photocatalytic and antibacterial PAN-based nanofiber membrane can be simply scaled up, which provides the membrane with great potential in highly efficient wastewater treatment and augmenting water supply. DA - 2019/12/18/ PY - 2019/12/18/ DO - 10.1021/acsami.9b16889 VL - 11 IS - 50 SP - 46920-46929 SN - 1944-8252 KW - Schottky junction KW - photocatalysis KW - filtration KW - antibacterial activity KW - nanofibrous membrane ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioinspired Superwettable Covalent Organic Framework Nanofibrous Composite Membrane with a Spindle-Knotted Structure for Highly Efficient Oil/Water Emulsion Separation AU - Zhang, Zongxuan AU - Han, Na AU - Tan, Linli AU - Qian, Yongqiang AU - Zhang, Haoran AU - Wang, Menglu AU - Li, Wei AU - Cui, Zhenyu AU - Zhang, Xingxiang T2 - LANGMUIR AB - Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted broad interest in a number of fields including gas access, catalysis, and ionic adsorption. However, owing to the low stability in water, the application of COFs in the field of oil/water separation is extensively impeded. In this paper, we synthesized COF-DhaTab/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous composite membranes with a bioinspired spindle-knotted structure via a facile blending electrospinning method. The COF-DhaTab/PAN composite membrane shows prewetting-induced superoleophobicity under water and superhydrophobicity under oil. It possesses outstanding rejection ratio (>99.9%), excellent antifouling performance, and ultrahigh oil/water mixture flux up to 4229.29 L/m2h even though driven only by gravity. Specifically, an extraordinary oil contact angle under water (152.3°) and a satisfied water contact angle under oil (153.7°) were offered by the composite membrane. These are mainly attributed to the spindle-knotted structures induced by COFs. To the best of our knowledge, the application of COF/PAN composite membrane in the field of oil/water separation has never been reported. It is an innovative approach for oily wastewater treatment and oil purification. DA - 2019/12/17/ PY - 2019/12/17/ DO - 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02661 VL - 35 IS - 50 SP - 16545-16554 SN - 0743-7463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Washable, durable and flame retardant conductive textiles based on reduced graphene oxide modification AU - Zhao, Yintao AU - Wang, Jin AU - Li, Zengqing AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Tian, Mingwei AU - Zhang, Xiansheng AU - Liu, Xuqing AU - Qu, Lijun AU - Zhu, Shifeng T2 - CELLULOSE AB - Graphene has been highlighted in a variety of wearable electronics and smart textiles applications due to its unique properties such as high conductivity, transparency, flexibility and other excellent mechanical performance. Although there have been extensive efforts for graphene based conductive fibers/yarns, there are remaining challenges in terms of the seamless integration between 2D flakes, and reduced charge transport in a lower carrier concentration. Unstable resistance probably arises from the creation of gaps in the conductive parts of the smart textile. Also, regional temperatures can get too high, constituting a fire-safety hazard and endangering the wearer's safety. In this work, the synergistic effect of graphene and flame-retardant materials was investigated, and a conductive fabric was developed which is highly conductive and flame retardancy. Graphene has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and acts synergistically with traditional flame-retardants on common fabrics. The electrical surface resistivity of hybrid material modified fabrics was as low as 0.54 kΩ/sq, so they could serve as safe and highly conductive conductor in a simple circuit and show excellent wash-ability. The limiting oxygen index of the fabric increased from 19 to 32 after modification in conjunction with the residue at 800 °C increased from 17.9 to 31%, which could be used as safe and highly conductive materials for smart textiles and wearable devices. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.1007/s10570-019-02884-1 KW - Polyester KW - cotton fabric KW - Graphene oxide KW - Phosphate flame retardant KW - Electrical surface resistivity KW - Flame retardancy ER - TY - PAT TI - 用于对纱线施以假捻的设备和方法及用于生产纱线的设备 C2 - 2019/5/14/ DA - 2019/5/14/ PY - 2019/5/14/ ER - TY - PAT TI - 一种60-120Nm 100%全绢丝单纱的环保生产方法 C2 - 2019/2/20/ DA - 2019/2/20/ PY - 2019/2/20/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Extended Application of Modified Low Torque Cotton Spinning System C2 - 2019/5// C3 - The Fiber Society’s Spring 2020 Conference DA - 2019/5// UR - https://www.thefibersociety.org/Portals/0/Past%20Conferences/2019_Spring_Abstracts.pdf?ver=2019-07-16-122240-037 ER - TY - PAT TI - Apparatus and method for imparting false twist to a yarn C2 - 2019/5/2/ DA - 2019/5/2/ PY - 2019/5/2/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Yarn and fabric properties in a modified ring spinning system considering the effect of the friction surface of the false-twister T2 - Textile Research Journal AB - This paper experimentally studies the relationship between the friction surface of a false-twisting unit and the quality of cotton yarns produced by a modified ring spinning system, with the adoption of the single friction-belt false-twister. The friction surface of the false-twisting unit, as a key twisting component, has been studied in terms of material, surface roughness, hardness and diameter, as well as the interaction between these factors and resultant yarn properties, with particular attention to yarn imperfections. Experimental results showed that the false-twisting unit with a short interactive path demonstrated significant reduction of yarn imperfections, especially yarn neps. With the optimal false-twisting unit, performances of the modified yarns and their knitted fabrics were evaluated and compared with the conventional ones. DA - 2019/8/29/ PY - 2019/8/29/ DO - 10.1177/0040517519873057 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519873057 KW - yarn properties KW - ring spinning KW - yarn neps KW - friction-belt KW - false-twister ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systematic investigation of twist generation and propagation in a modified ring spinning system AU - Yin, R. AU - Tao, X.-M. AU - Xu, B.-G. T2 - Textile Research Journal AB - Twisting is an important process used to form a continuous yarn from short staple fibers and to determine the structure and properties of the resultant yarn. This paper systematically examines the yarn twisting process in a modified ring spinning process based on a theoretical model proposed recently. To reduce the number of experiments, response surface methodology (RSM) involving a central composite design (CCD) in three factors—twist multiplier, speed ratio and wrap angle—was successfully employed for the study and analysis. The significant terms of the models were studied, and it was discovered that the speed ratio and wrap angle are statistically significant for the responses of twist efficiency, propagation coefficients of twist trapping, and congestion. More importantly, linear relationships were found among the three responses. DA - 2019/8/8/ PY - 2019/8/8/ DO - 10.1177/0040517519866950 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519866950 KW - ring spinning KW - twist generation KW - twist propagation KW - yarn twist ER - TY - CONF TI - Novel Silk Single Yarns Spun on Cotton Spinning Frame C2 - 2019/5// C3 - The 10th Cross-straits Conference on Textiles DA - 2019/5// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Highly Sensitive and Durable Structured Fibre Sensors for Low-Pressure Measurement in Smart Skin AU - Yang, B. AU - Liu, S. AU - Wang, X. AU - Yin, R. AU - Xiong, Y. AU - Tao, X. T2 - Sensors AB - Precise measurements of low pressure are highly necessary for many applications. This study developed novel structured fibre sensors embedded in silicone, forming smart skin with high sensitivity, high durability, and good immunity to crosstalk for precise measurement of pressure below 10 kPa. The transduction principle is that an applied pressure leads to bending and stretching of silicone and optical fibre over a purposely made groove and induces the axial strain in the gratings. The fabricated sensor showed high pressure sensitivity up to 26.8 pm/kPa and experienced over 1,000,000 cycles compression without obvious variation. A theoretical model of the sensor was presented and verified to have excellent agreement with experimental results. The prototype of smart leg mannequin and wrist pulse measurements indicated that such optical sensors can precisely measure low-pressure and can easily be integrated for smart skins for mapping low pressure on three-dimensional surfaces. DA - 2019/4/16/ PY - 2019/4/16/ DO - 10.3390/s19081811 VL - 19 IS - 8 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081811 KW - pressure sensor KW - fibre Bragg grating KW - high sensitivity KW - high durability KW - soft matrix ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enhanced Thermal-to-Flexible Phase Change Materials Based on Cellulose/Modified Graphene Composites for Thermal Management of Solar Energy AU - Qian, Yongqiang AU - Han, Na AU - Zhang, Zongxuan AU - Cao, Ruirui AU - Tan, Linli AU - Li, Wei AU - Zhang, Xingxiang T2 - ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES AB - The applications of phase change materials (PCMs) in some practical circumstances are currently limited due to the constant strong rigidity, poor thermal conductivity, and low photoabsorption property. Therefore, the design of flexibility-enhanced, highly efficient PCMs is greatly desirable and challenging. In this work, novel PCM composites (CPmG-x) with stable forms and thermally induced flexibility were successfully prepared by grafting the comblike poly(hexadecyl acrylate) polymer (PA16, phase change working substance) onto a cellulose support by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Modified graphene (GN16) was incorporated into the synthesized material to enhance its enthalpy, thermal conductivity, and physical strength. The prepared CPmG-x composites exhibit excellent softness and flexibility after phase transition of PA16. The addition of GN16 increases the thermal conductivity and enthalpy of CPmG-x materials to 1.32 W m–1 K–1 (9 wt % GN16) and 103 J g–1 (5 wt % GN16), respectively. Assessments of the solar-to-thermal energy conversion and storage efficiencies indicate that CPmG-x composites possess great potential for use in thermal energy management applications and solar energy collection systems. DA - 2019/12/11/ PY - 2019/12/11/ DO - 10.1021/acsami.9b18543 VL - 11 IS - 49 SP - 45832-45843 SN - 1944-8252 KW - cellulose KW - graphene KW - phase change materials KW - thermally induced flexibility KW - solar-to-thermal energy conversion and storage ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance Evaluation of Newly Developed Smoke and Particulate Resistant Structural Turnout Ensemble AU - Ormond, R. Bryan AU - Kwon, Cassandra H. AU - Mathews, Marc C. T2 - HOMELAND SECURITY AND PUBLIC SAFETY: RESEARCH, APPLICATIONS, AND STANDARDS DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.1520/STP161420180049 VL - 1614 SP - 286-305 SN - 0066-0558 UR - https://doi.org/10.1520/STP161420180049 KW - firefighter KW - smoke KW - particulate protection KW - turnout ensemble KW - cancer KW - exposure KW - personal protective equipment ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Novel System Reliability Modeling of Hardware, Software, and Interactions of Hardware and Software AU - Zhu, Mengmeng AU - Pham, Hoang T2 - MATHEMATICS AB - In the past few decades, a great number of hardware and software reliability models have been proposed to address hardware failures in hardware subsystems and software failures in software subsystems, respectively. The interactions between hardware and software subsystems are often neglected in order to simplify reliability modeling, and hence, most existing reliability models assumed hardware subsystems and software subsystem are independent of each other. However, this may not be true in reality. In this study, system failures are classified into three categories, which are hardware failures, software failures, and hardware-software interaction failures. The main contribution of our research is that we further classify hardware-software interaction failures into two groups: software-induced hardware failures and hardware-induced software failures. A Markov-based unified system reliability modeling incorporating all three categories of system failures is developed in this research, which provides a novel and practical perspective to define system failures and further improve reliability prediction accuracy. Comparison of system reliability estimation between the reliability models with and without considering hardware-software interactions is elucidated in the numerical example. The impacts on system reliability prediction as the changes of transition parameters are also illustrated by the numerical examples. DA - 2019/11// PY - 2019/11// DO - 10.3390/math7111049 VL - 7 IS - 11 SP - SN - 2227-7390 KW - system reliability modeling KW - Markov process KW - software-induced hardware failures KW - hardware-induced software failures KW - hardware-software interactions ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioengineering tunable porosity in bacterial nanocellulose matrices AU - Ashrafi, Zahra AU - Lucia, Lucian AU - Krause, Wendy T2 - SOFT MATTER AB - A facile and effective method is described to engineer original bacterial cellulose fibrous networks with tunable porosity. We showed that the pore shape, volume, and size distribution of bacterial nanocellulose membranes can be tailored under appropriate culture conditions specifically carbon sources. Pore characterization techniques such as capillary flow porometry, the bubble point method, and gas adsorption-desorption technique as well as visualization techniques such as scanning electron and atomic force microscopy were utilized to investigate the morphology and shape of the pores within the membranes. Engineering various shape, size and volume characteristics of the pores available in pristine bacterial nanocellulose membranes leads to fabrication and development of eco-friendly materials with required characteristics for a broad range of applications. DA - 2019/12/7/ PY - 2019/12/7/ DO - 10.1039/c9sm01895f VL - 15 IS - 45 SP - 9359-9367 SN - 1744-6848 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cohesion energy of thermally-bonded polyethylene terephthalate nonwovens: Experiments and theory AU - Zhang, Wenshuo AU - Yarin, Alexander L. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - Polymer Testing AB - The present work aims at the experimental and theoretical investigation of the cohesion energy which can be achieved in the thermal calendar bonding of polymer nonwovens. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) samples were used in the experiments. Tensile tests were conducted with the as-received PET nonwovens and thermally-bonded PET nonwovens. Thermal bonding was conducted under five temperatures: 160 °C, 170 °C, 180 °C, 190 °C, or 200 °C. The mechanical properties, Young's modulus, the yield stress, the maximum stress before sample failure and the toughness were measured. Blister tests were conducted aimed at measuring the cohesion energy of thermally-bonded PET nonwovens. The pushing shaft velocities of 2 mm/min and 10 mm/min were selected in the blister test. In addition, the theoretical description of the calendar bonding in the nip and of the forces acting on a nonwoven beyond the calendar nip is given. It is used to theoretically evaluate the cohesion energy of nonwovens due to thermal bonding in the nip. The predicted cohesion energy was estimated to be of the order of 4.2 J/m2, which is plausible for the experimental data corresponding to the lowest bonding temperature of 160 °C. On the other hand, at the higher bonding temperatures the experimentally measured cohesion energy was of the order of 10 J/m2, which can probably be attributed to the enhanced reptational entanglement at the elevated temperatures. DA - 2019/9// PY - 2019/9// DO - 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.105984 VL - 78 SP - 105984 J2 - Polymer Testing LA - en OP - SN - 0142-9418 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.105984 DB - Crossref KW - Cohesion energy KW - Thermal calendar bonding KW - Blister test KW - Nonwovens ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabrication and bioevaluation of a medicated electrospun mat based on azido-cellulose acetate via click chemistry AU - Nada, Ahmed A. AU - Abdellatif, Faten Hassan Hassan AU - Soliman, Ahmed A. F. AU - Shen, Jialong AU - Hudson, Samuel M. AU - Abou-Zeid, Nabil Y. T2 - CELLULOSE DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019/12// DO - 10.1007/s10570-019-02739-9 VL - 26 IS - 18 SP - 9721-9736 SN - 1572-882X KW - Electrospun fiber KW - Click-scaffold KW - Azidation KW - Controlled release KW - Wound healing KW - Topical applications ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cellulose Transparent and Flexible Films Prepared from DMAc/LiCl Solutions AU - Sadeghifar, Hasan AU - Venditti, Richard AU - Pawlak, Joel J. AU - Jur, Jesse T2 - BIORESOURCES AB - Cellulose transparent and flexible film was prepared by dissolving micro-crystalline cellulose powder in Dimethylacetamide/Lithium Chloride (DMAc/LiCl) followed by regeneration in acetone and subsequent washing with water. The solution was cast on a glass plate. The interactions of water molecules and the swollen cellulose in the gel were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, DSC. An increased melting point of water in the gel indicated the presence of stronger bonding between water and cellulose than in the non-modified cellulose. The prepared dried films had 63 g/m2 weight and 0.06 mm thickness with 1.14 g/cm3 density.The prepared dry film exhibited high transparency, around 95% with visible light. The transparency and mechanical properties of the films were stable at high temperature (120°C) and exposure to UV irradiation. Thermal analysis of the prepared sample indicated film stability up to 275 °C. The tensile strength of the cellulose film was around 120 MPa with about 10% strain to break. The mechanical properties of the films were stable in alkali and acidic solutions. DA - 2019/11// PY - 2019/11// DO - 10.15376/biores.14.4.9021-9032 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 9021-9032 SN - 1930-2126 KW - Cellulose film KW - DMAc/LiCl KW - Transparent film KW - Flexible film ER - TY - JOUR TI - Kirigami‐Inspired Textile Electronics: K.I.T.E. T2 - Advanced Materials Technologies AB - Abstract Electronic textiles (e‐textiles) are in prime position to revolutionize the field of wearable electronics owing to their ubiquitous use and universal acceptance. However, mechanical incompatibility between the rigid conductive components on the soft textile platforms creates fragile e‐textile systems with poor electromechanical attributes. In this work, a novel design strategy to inkjet print reactive silver inks onto woven textiles with Kirigami‐inspired patterning to create e‐textiles with enhanced electromechanical features is introduced. By controlling the print processing and curing conditions, uniform conductive coatings with sheet resistances of 0.09 Ω sq −1 are achieved such that they do not interfere with the textiles innate flexibility, breathability, comfort, and fabric hand. The electromechanical coupling of the printed textiles shows a direct dependence on the anisotropic nature of the woven structures. Introducing Kirigami patterning creates robust devices that enhance and stabilize the electrical conductivity (Δ R / R 0 < −20%) over large strain regimes (>150%). Furthermore, an electrocardiogram monitoring system fabricated from Kirigami e‐textiles exhibits stable signal acquisition under extreme deformations from arm joint flexion. The distinct properties of Kirigami patterning on e‐textiles enable unprecedented electromechanical performance in wearable textile electronics. DA - 2019/11// PY - 2019/11// DO - 10.1002/admt.201900511 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.201900511 KW - e-textiles KW - flexible electronics KW - inkjet printing KW - stretchable biometric sensors KW - wearable electronics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of a Chitosan Hemostat in a Porcine Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Model: A Pilot Study AU - Crofton, Andrew AU - Baldwin, Duane AU - Alsyouf, Muhannad AU - Dopp, Matthew AU - Faaborg, Daniel AU - Myklak, Kristine AU - Arenas, Javier AU - Khater, Nazih AU - Hudson, Samuel AU - Oberg, Kerby C. AU - Kirsch, Wolff M. T2 - JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY AB - Background and Objective: The ideal hemostatic agent for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) would provide complete hemostasis and sealing of the collecting system at a low cost. Chitosan (CS) is an established topical hemostatic agent, but standard sterilization techniques affect its functional and biologic properties, thereby preventing parenteral uses. This study sought to characterize the safety and efficacy of an implanted CS hemostat sterilized with either a standard technique, electron beam (e-beam) irradiation, or a novel technique, nonthermal nitrogen plasma, in a porcine LPN model. Methods: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomies were performed on six farm pigs and hemostasis achieved using only a CS hemostatic agent (Clo-Sur P.A.D.) that was e-beam (n = 3) or plasma sterilized (PS) (n = 3). Number of pads needed to achieve hemostasis, estimated blood loss, operative time, mass of kidney resection, and warm ischemia time were measured. Animals were monitored for 14 weeks and at harvest, retrograde ureteropyelography and histologic analysis were performed. Results: Complete hemostasis and collection system sealing were achieved in both groups. There was a trend toward less pads required for hemostasis (p = 0.056) and reduced blood loss (p = 0.096) with PS pads, although this did not achieve statistical significance. No complications were observed for 14 weeks and gross examination showed the implanted CS was encapsulated in a fibrous capsule. Histologic analysis revealed a healed nephrectomy site with residual CS and associated chronic inflammation, reactive fibrosis, and foreign body giant cell formation. Importantly, the adjacent renal tissue was intact and viable with no residual parenchymal inflammation or cytologic damage. Conclusion: CS pads alone provided safe and effective hemostasis in a porcine LPN model. PS may enhance hemostatic efficacy and resorption compared with e-beam. DA - 2019/11/1/ PY - 2019/11/1/ DO - 10.1089/end.2018.0801 VL - 33 IS - 11 SP - 887-894 SN - 1557-900X KW - chitosan KW - plasma sterilization KW - hemostasis KW - hemostatic agents KW - nonthermal nitrogen plasma KW - laparoscopic partial nephrectomy KW - LPN KW - electron beam KW - e-beam ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nonwovens-Structure-process-property relationships AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Maze, Benoit AU - Farukh, Farukh AU - Silberschmidt, Vadim V. T2 - STRUCTURE AND MECHANICS OF TEXTILE FIBRE ASSEMBLIES, 2ND EDITION AB - The definition of nonwovens is even more complicated. The term nonwoven refers to web-like assemblages of fibers wherein fiber-to-fiber bonding replaces twisting and interlacing. We define a nonwoven as an engineered fabric structure that may contain fibrous and nonfibrous elements and that is often manufactured directly from fibers or filaments and may incorporate other types of fabrics. The difference primarily between a nonwoven and its more traditional counterparts (woven, knitted, and braided structures) is the structure. The fibers or filaments in a nonwoven are not interlaced or interlooped and are somewhat random layered assemblies of fibers held together by a variety of different means. The structure of a nonwoven is defined, therefore, as its fiber orientation distribution function (ODF). Another structural aspect important to consider is the basis weight (mass per unit area—g/m2 or more commonly referred to as gsm) and its uniformity. While ODF may dictate behavior, basis weight uniformity dictates failure. The structure-property relationships in a nonwoven cannot be decoupled from the process utilized to form the nonwoven. Therefore, below, we present a short review of the processes employed in the making of nonwovens followed by a discussion of the structure-process-property relationships and will make an attempt to describe the mechanical properties of one class of nonwovens. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.1016/B978-0-08-102619-9.00004-3 SP - 109-143 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coating and laminating processes and techniques for textiles AU - Shim, E. T2 - SMART TEXTILE COATINGS AND LAMINATES, 2ND EDITION AB - Coating and laminating are an essential part of highly functional and technical textile developments. This chapter discusses general features of coating and laminating process and materials preparations. It also introduces the basic concept of adhesion in the multilayer structure production. Then, the chapter reviews different techniques used to produce coated and laminated fabrics. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.1016/B978-0-08-102428-7.00002-X SP - 11-45 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Auxetic deformation of the weft-knitted Miura-ori fold AU - Luan, Kun AU - West, Andre AU - DenHartog, Emiel AU - McCord, Marian T2 - Textile Research Journal AB - Negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) material with unique geometry is rare in nature and has an auxetic response under strain in a specific direction. With this unique property, this type of material is significantly promising in many specific application fields. The curling structure commonly exists in knitted products due to the unbalanced force inside a knit loop. Thus, knitted fabric is an ideal candidate to mimic natural NPR materials, since it possesses such an inherent curly configuration and the flexibility to design and process. In this work, a weft-knitted Miura-ori fold (WMF) fabric was produced that creates a self-folding three-dimensional structure with NPR performance. Also, a finite element analysis model was developed to simulate the structural auxetic response to understand the deformation mechanism of hierarchical thread-based auxetic fabrics. The simulated strain–force curves of four WMF fabrics quantitatively agree with our experimental results. The auxetic morphologies, Poisson’s ratio and damping capacity were discussed, revealing the deformation mechanism of the WMF fabrics. This study thus provides a fundamental framework for mechanical-stimulating textiles. The developed NPR knitted fabrics have a high potential to be employed in areas of tissue engineering, such as artificial blood vessels and artificial folding mucosa. DA - 2019/9/23/ PY - 2019/9/23/ DO - 10.1177/0040517519877468 VL - 90 IS - 5-6 SP - 617-630 J2 - Textile Research Journal LA - en OP - SN - 0040-5175 1746-7748 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519877468 DB - Crossref KW - negative Poisson's ratio KW - auxetic structure KW - knitted fabric KW - finite element analysis KW - curling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydroentangled polymer nonwovens: Prediction of jet streaks and surface roughness AU - Li, Gen AU - Sankaran, Abhilash AU - Yarin, Alexander L. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - POLYMER AB - Here, the dynamic model of polymer fibers in hydroentanglement is used to predict the appearance of the so-called jet streaks and surface roughness. The mechanism of formation of jet streaks is explained. It is shown that the staggered two-row water jets which are widely used in industry help to optimize surface roughness and reduce the jet streaks. It is also shown that the jet width ratio plays an important role in minimizing the surface roughness at different jet pressures. Furthermore, a novel numerical method of re-construction of the 3-D surface topography from discrete data is developed to visualize the jet streaks. Also, in the experiments of this work, the optical images of jet streaks on hydroentangled polymer nonwovens are analyzed. The streaks period is measured by using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the surface topography is visualized by using optical profilometer. The predicted optimal jet width ratio is compared to the experimental results and a good agreement is found. DA - 2019/10/10/ PY - 2019/10/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121731 VL - 180 SP - SN - 1873-2291 KW - Hydroentangled polymer nonwovens KW - Jet streaks KW - Roughness ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of Composition on the Molecular Dynamics of Biodegradable Isotactic Polypropylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends AU - Wozniak-Braszak, Aneta AU - Knitter, Monika AU - Markiewicz, Ewa AU - Ingram, Wade F. AU - Spontak, Richard J. T2 - ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING AB - Polyolefins such as polypropylene are used in an immensely broad range of commodity products and account for the largest volume of synthetic polymers generated worldwide. For this reason, this family of thermoplastics contributes significantly to solid waste both on land and in the ocean. One viable approach to mitigate this growing problem and simultaneously reduce the cost of and dependence on petroleum-based polymers relies on blends wherein an added biopolymer can promote natural biodegradation. Due to their chemical dissimilarity, however, nonpolar polyolefins and polar biopolymers tend to phase-separate, in which case a fundamental, molecular-level understanding of the role of polymer/polymer interfaces on chain mobility in blends differing in composition is needed. In the present study, the molecular dynamics of blends composed of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and glycerol-plasticized thermoplastic starch (TPS) are investigated by solid-state proton nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric relaxation spectroscopies. Blends prepared by twin-screw extrusion range in composition from 10 to 70 wt % TPS, and their morphologies and thermal properties are examined by scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. This comparative analysis establishes the influence of TPS on the molecular dynamics of biphasic iPP/TPS blends relative to the constituent homopolymers. DA - 2019/10/7/ PY - 2019/10/7/ DO - 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02774 VL - 7 IS - 19 SP - 16050-16059 SN - 2168-0485 KW - NMR spectroscopy KW - dielectric relaxation KW - polymer dynamics KW - chain relaxation KW - polymer blends ER - TY - JOUR TI - Easy-to-use correlations to estimate droplet mobility on hydrophobic fibrous coatings AU - Jamali, M. AU - Tafreshi, H. Vahedi AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS AB - While a water droplet beads up on a hydrophobic fibrous surface, it does not necessarily detach or move on the surface under its own weight. The underlying physics of droplet adhesion to a rough surface is very complicated, and the ability to engineer a fibrous texture that promotes or prevents droplet mobility for droplets of different liquids has been a long-standing challenge. In this concern, the current work is devised to develop easy-to-use correlations for the force needed to detach a droplet from a hydrophobic fibrous coating in the in-plane and out-of-plane directions. These correlations are obtained by first writing an equation for the balance of forces acting on a detaching droplet in terms of its geometrical dimensions at the moment of detachment, and then relating these dimensions to those in the absence of an external force via curve fitting to a series of computational data. These easy-to-use correlations only require the physical properties of the fibrous coatings (e.g., fiber diameter, fiber spacing, and fiber contact angle) and the droplets (e.g., volume and surface tension) as inputs, and they can therefore be used to optimize the surface geometry prior to manufacturing. To examine their accuracy, predictions of these correlations are compared to experimental data obtained for droplet detachment from fibrous mats with fibers having a diameter of about two orders of magnitude smaller than those considered in developing the correlations. DA - 2019/12/5/ PY - 2019/12/5/ DO - 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123867 VL - 582 SP - SN - 1873-4359 KW - Droplet mobility KW - Electrospun polystyrene KW - Hydrophobic surface KW - Fibrous surface KW - Simulation KW - Ferrofluid droplet ER - TY - JOUR TI - Approach to Waterless Dyeing of Textile Substrates-Use of Atmospheric Plasma AU - Zaidy, Syed S. H. AU - Vacchi, Francine I. AU - Umbuzeiro, Gisela A. AU - Freeman, Harold S. T2 - INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH AB - The international textile wet processing industry produces large amounts of wastewater, which if discharged into the environment could have adverse effects on aquatic life and drinking water. Efforts to reduce wastewater production include the development of chemical finishing technology that employs atmospheric plasma to apply repellent finishes to textile fibers. With this in mind, the use of atmospheric plasma technology to apply dyes to textile fibers was examined in the present study, as no water is needed for the dyeing process. Our work involved the design and synthesis of suitable dyes for waterless technology and examination of their utility for dyeing cotton, nylon, and polyester (PET). Results indicated that the obtained azo dyes having one or two acrylate groups gave good bonding to and good technical properties on cotton, nylon, or PET following spray application and plasma treatment. Dyes that worked best were also nonmutagenic in the Ames test. DA - 2019/10/9/ PY - 2019/10/9/ DO - 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01260 VL - 58 IS - 40 SP - 18478-18487 SN - 0888-5885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Degradation studies of CI Reactive Blue 19 on biodegraded cellulosic fabrics via liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry AU - Sultana, Nadia AU - Williams, Kelsey AU - Ankeny, Mary AU - Vinueza, Nelson R. T2 - COLORATION TECHNOLOGY AB - Abstract When textile substrates biodegrade in landfills, the fate of textile colorants is unknown, and potentially poses an ecotoxic threat. In this study, we developed a systematic analytical method to evaluate the biodegradation of reactive dyes, the most common class of dye applied to cotton fabrics. The cotton fabrics were dyed with CI Reactive Blue 19 and biodegraded in soil in a laboratory‐controlled environment over intervals of 45 and 90 days. A dye isolation method using a low concentration of alkali (0.15% sodium hydroxide) was developed and applied (80°C for 1 hour) to isolate intact and degraded dye from the fabric samples. To quantify the intact dye isolated from the fabric samples, a quantification method was then developed using liquid chromatography‐photodiode array detection. The quantification method provided excellent linearity ( R 2 = 0.9997 ± 0.0002), accuracy (% error = −2% ± 4), precision (% coefficient of variation = 2% ± 4) and sensitivity (lower limit of quantification = 0.4 ± 0.2 µg/mL) for concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 µg/mL. After validation, the method was applied and showed a reduction of dye in biodegraded samples (after 45 and 90 days) compared with undegraded control samples (0 days). To characterise the isolated dye degradation product, quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry was utilised. Analysis showed that the degradation product was formed by losing a group from the intact hydrolysed form of the dye, creating a more hydrophobic degradation product compared with the intact hydrolysed form of dye. DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019/12// DO - 10.1111/cote.12440 VL - 135 IS - 6 SP - 475-483 SN - 1478-4408 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Alginate Polyelectrolyte Complexes Loaded with Antibacterial Thyme Oil Nanoemulsions AU - Hamedi, Hamid AU - Moradi, Sara AU - Tonelli, Alan E. AU - Hudson, Samuel M. T2 - APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL AB - Biomedical industries are attempting to utilize natural materials, as they are bio-compatible, non-toxic, and show bioactive properties, like antimicrobial activity. In this study, natural polyelectrolyte complexed chitosan/alginate films (PECs) were prepared via a casting/solvent evaporation technique, and their characteristics and drug release properties were investigated. PEC films made with two different overall polymer contents, 0.4 and 1 w/v%, were loaded with thyme oil nanoemulsion as drug carrier. The structure of the films was studied by FTIR and optical and scanning electron microscopy. Prepared PEC films had good mechanical and water vapor permeability properties. Release of the thyme oil from the pH-sensitive PEC films (TM-PEC) was detected and followed by UV spectroscopy. The results indicated that the drug release rate of TM-PEC films was the fastest when the chitosan content was 1 %w/v, and various mathematical models were analyzed for investigating the drug release mechanism. Antibacterial tests were performed by counting the number of surviving gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The in vitro test indicated the limitation Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) growth in the presence of TM-PEC films. The MTT test showed more cell viability of the TM-PEC film in comparison with that of the PEC film without TM. Based on the measured physical and antibacterial properties, the chitosan–alginate PEC films loaded with antibacterial essential oils can be considered for biomedical applications, such as wound dressings or controlled release systems. DA - 2019/9// PY - 2019/9// DO - 10.3390/app9183933 VL - 9 IS - 18 SP - SN - 2076-3417 KW - polyelectrolyte complex KW - chitosan KW - alginate KW - thyme oil nanoemulsion KW - biomedical applications ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanical properties of PTT fibers by sustainable horizontal isothermal bath process AU - Najafi, Mesbah AU - Kotek, Richard T2 - SN APPLIED SCIENCES AB - The melt spinning process of poly (trimethylene terephthalate) was modified by the inclusion of horizontal isothermal bath (HIB) in the extrusion line. Several parameters including liquid depth, liquid temperature, and take-up speed were utilized in this study. The structural and mechanical properties of the fibers were characterized by DSC, X-ray, SEM, optical birefringence, and tensile testing. The results showed that the bath treatment increased considerably the fiber birefringence up to 0.066 by 66% and increased the crystallinity up to 47.94% by 100% compared to the control (no HIB) fibers. Drawing the HIB fibers with a low draw ratio (DR) of 1.11 increased the tensile strength up to 4.76 g/d and reduced the tensile strain down to 51.76%. Such strength is greater than the maximum value of 3.3 g/d reported before. The obtained results can widen application of PTT fibers in technical woven/nonwoven fiber products. DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019/10// DO - 10.1007/s42452-019-1198-5 VL - 1 IS - 10 SP - SN - 2523-3971 KW - Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) KW - Horizontal isothermal bath (HIB) KW - Melt spinning process KW - Fiber tensile strength KW - Compact fibrillar morphology KW - Molecular orientation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards a reliable prediction of the aquatic toxicity of dyes AU - Umbuzeiro, Gisela de A. AU - Albuquerque, Anjaina F. AU - Vacchi, Francine I AU - Szymczyk, Malgorzata AU - Sui, Xinyi AU - Aalizadeh, Reza AU - Ohe, Peter C. AU - Thomaidis, Nikolaos S. AU - Vinueza, Nelson R. AU - Freeman, Harold S. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE AB - Abstract Background The Max Weaver Dye Library (MWDL) from North Carolina State University is a repository of around 98,000 synthetic dyes. Historically, the uses for these dyes included the coloration of textiles, paper, packaging, cosmetic and household products. However, little is reported about their ecotoxicological properties. It is anticipated that prediction models could be used to help provide this type information. Thus, the purpose of this work was to determine whether a recently developed QSAR (quantitative structure–activity relationships) model, based on ACO-SVM techniques, would be suitable for this purpose. Results We selected a representative subset of the MWDL, composed of 15 dyes, for testing under controlled conditions. First, the molecular structure and purity of each dye was confirmed, followed by predictions of their solubility and pKa to set up the appropriate test conditions. Only ten of the 15 dyes showed acute toxicity in Daphnia, with EC 50 values ranging from 0.35 to 2.95 mg L −1 . These values were then used to determine the ability of the ACO-SVM model to predict the aquatic toxicity. In this regard, we observed a good prediction capacity for the 10 dyes, with 90% of deviations within one order of magnitude. The reasons for this outcome were probably the high quality of the experimental data, the consideration of solubility limitations, as well as the high purity and confirmed chemical structures of the tested dyes. We were not able to verify the ability of the model to predict the toxicity of the remaining 5 dyes, because it was not possible to determine their EC 50 . Conclusions We observed a good prediction capacity for the 10 of the 15 tested dyes of the MWDL, but more dyes should be tested to extend the existing training set with similar dyes, to obtain a reliable prediction model that is applicable to the full MWDL. DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019/12// DO - 10.1186/s12302-019-0258-1 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2190-4715 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85074502142&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Azo dyes KW - Anthraquinone dyes KW - ACO-SVM model KW - QSAR KW - MWDL KW - Daphnia ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrostatic Assembly of a Titanium Dioxide@Hydrophilic Poly(phenylene sulfide) Porous Membrane with Enhanced Wetting Selectivity for Separation of Strongly Corrosive Oil-Water Emulsions AU - Han, Na AU - Yang, Chao AU - Zhang, Zongxuan AU - Wang, Weijing AU - Zhang, Wenxin AU - Han, Changye AU - Cui, Zhenyu AU - Li, Wei AU - Zhang, Xingxiang T2 - ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES AB - The efficient treatment of oil–water emulsions in extreme environments, such as strongly acidic and alkaline media, remains a widespread concern. Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS)-based porous membranes with excellent resistance to chemicals and solvents are promising for settling this challenge. However, the limited hydrophilicity and the poor hydrated ability of the hydrophilic PPS (h-PPS) membranes reported in the literature prevents them from separating oil–water emulsions with high efficiency, large fluxes, and good antifouling performances. In this study, a firm rough TiO2 layer is constructed on a h-PPS membrane via electrostatic assembly to improve the surface hydrophilization. The introduction of the TiO2 layer increases the wetting selectivity and decreases the oil adhesion, which makes it capable to efficiently treat oil-in-water emulsions (efficiency > 98%). Most importantly, the underwater critical oil intrusion pressure almost doubled after the incorporation of the TiO2 layer, which allows the membrane to withstand pressurized filtration, achieving a high flux of ∼4000 L m–2 h–1. This is more than 2 orders of magnitude larger than the flux of the reported h-PPS. Furthermore, the TiO2@h-PPS membrane displays long-term stability in separating oil–water emulsions in strong acid and strong alkali, showing a promising prospect for the treatment of strongly corrosive emulsions. DA - 2019/9/25/ PY - 2019/9/25/ DO - 10.1021/acsami.9b12252 VL - 11 IS - 38 SP - 35479-35487 SN - 1944-8252 KW - PPS KW - membrane KW - oil-water separation KW - superhydrophilicity KW - oil-in-water emulsion KW - TiO2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Binding Conductive Ink Initiatively and Strongly: Transparent and Thermally Stable Cellulose Nanopaper as a Promising Substrate for Flexible Electronics T2 - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces AB - For flexible electronics, the substrates play key roles in ensuring their performance. However, most substrates suffer from weak bonding with the conductive ink and need additional aids. Here, inspired by the Ag–S bond theory, a novel cellulose nanopaper substrate is presented to improve the bond strength with the Ag nanoparticle ink through a facile printing method. The substrate is fabricated using thiol-modified nanofibrillated cellulose and exhibits excellent optical properties (∼85%@550 nm), ultra-small surface roughness (3.47 nm), and high thermal dimensional stability (up to at least 90 °C). Most importantly, it can attract Ag nanoparticles initiatively and bind them firmly, which enable the conductive ink to be printed without using the ink binder and form a strong substrate–ink bonding and maintain a stable conductivity of 2 × 10–4 Ω cm even after extensive peeling and bending. This work may lead to exploring new opportunities to fabricate high-performance flexible electronics using the newly developed nanopaper substrate. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.1021/ACSAMI.9B04596 UR - https://publons.com/publon/14480246/ KW - Ag-S bond KW - silver nanoparticles KW - nanofibrillated cellulose KW - nanopaper KW - flexible electronics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Orientation-specific switching of inelastic electron tunneling in an oxygen-pyridine complex adsorbed onto an Ag(110) surface AU - Jang, Sanghoon AU - Shin, Taeho AU - Abbas, Hafiz Ghulam AU - Hahn, Jae R. AU - Kang, Hong Seok T2 - JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS AB - Here, we report the development of a molecular rotary switch (a “stator–rotor” consisting of a single oxygen molecule as a stator and a single pyridine molecule as a rotor) on a silver surface. The pyridine molecule was bonded to the oxygen molecule and was found to rotate to enable “ON” or “OFF” vibrational conductance through the oxygen molecule. Four stable sites around the oxygen molecule were observed, and vibration conductance turned on and off depending on the site at which the pyridine molecule bonded. The spatially resolved mapping of the vibrational change revealed two locations of maximal vibration intensity, separated by ∼3 Å. These positions acted as two conducting channels. The two distinct vibrational energy levels were associated with the switching process. Adsorption-induced electron transfer between the silver layers and the molecules enhanced the local interactions between the molecules. The two vibration modes were excited by resonant tunneling despite substantial interactions between the molecules, which resulted in a decrease in tunneling conductance. An independent pathway exists for the vibrational excitation process by tunneling electrons and intermolecular interactions. DA - 2019/9/21/ PY - 2019/9/21/ DO - 10.1063/1.5110545 VL - 151 IS - 11 SP - SN - 1089-7690 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improved Eco-Friendliness of a Common Flame Retardant through Inclusion Complexation with Cyclodextrins AU - Zhang, Nanshan AU - Yildirim, Erol AU - Zane, Cody P. AU - Shen, Jialong AU - Vinueza, Nelson AU - Hinks, David AU - Tonelli, Alan E. AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A. T2 - ACS Applied Polymer Materials AB - Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as a plasticizer and a flame retardant worldwide. However, in recent years, TPP has been detected in indoor/outdoor air and biota at high concentrations, and exposure to TPP has been indicated as possibly leading to obesity and osteoporosis in humans. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are known to form inclusion complexes (ICs) with a wide variety of guests due to their ring/cavity structure. The capability of β-CD to form an IC with TPP was recently reported by us, and those studies also revealed that poly(ethylene terephthalate) surfaces treated with TPP−β-CD ICs performed effectively as a flame retardant while also reducing the amount of TPP needed for flame retardancy by at least a factor of 10. Thus, the focus here is whether TPP can form stable ICs with other CDs. Quantum chemistry calculations reveal that IC formation with both α-CD and γ-CD is feasible. However, results from a series of characterization methods indicate that γ-CD forms stable ICs with TPP, but α-CD does not. In terms of the stability of these ICs, for γ-CD, differential scanning calorimetry reveals that the thermal stability of TPP increases via IC formation, and 1H NMR data indicate that the molar ratio of TPP to γ-CD is 1:2, which coincides with our previous work for IC formation with β-CD. In contrast, another previous study from our laboratories indicates that CD ICs in aqueous solution possess a 1:1 stoichiometry for both β-CD and γ-CD. Quantum chemistry calculations suggest that different ratios were observed due to one of the CDs being more weakly bound and thus able to disassociate under certain conditions. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that TPP is only released from the ICs with both stoichiometries at temperatures above the degradation temperature of CDs. Thus, these studies suggest that ICs with the common flame retardant TPP and both β-CD and γ-CD are stable under normal conditions and that IC formation enables the unnecessary release of the flame retardant during use to be avoided. Therefore, forming ICs prior to treatment on polymer substrates with flame retardants like TPP that are known to have health and environmental risks is an eco-friendly alternative to current treatment practices. DA - 2019/10/11/ PY - 2019/10/11/ DO - 10.1021/acsapm.9b00708 VL - 1 IS - 10 SP - 2768-2777 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b00708 KW - flame retardant (FR) KW - triphenyl phosphate (TPP) KW - cyclodextrin (CD) KW - inclusion complex (IC) KW - molecular modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioinspired Bistable Soft Actuators AU - Wei, S. AU - Shao, H. AU - Ghosh, T. K. T2 - ELECTROACTIVE POLYMER ACTUATORS AND DEVICES (EAPAD) XXI AB - DEAs have been studied for decades as a potential polymer artificial muscle for its excellent mechanical properties and large electric field-induced strains. The structural design of DEAs enhances the actuator performances and converts the electrically–controlled strain to diverse motions including linear motion, bending, twisting and moving with multiple degree of freedom. Inspired by the Venus Flytrap (VFT), whose bistable leaves and local strain redistribution are crucial to the fast closure speed, we developed cylindrically-curved bistable laminated DEAs, and activated the bistable shape transformation by electrically tuning the strain field. To obtain the bistable structure, two elastomeric films are prestrained biaxially and bonded orthogonally to a stiffer elastic film in the middle. Due to the elastic energy minimization, the originally flat laminate immediately self-equilibrated to two bistable cylindrical shapes, with the curvatures orthogonal to each other. Basic theoretical analyses on the interaction of prestrains and bending curvatures provide guidance to the design of bistable morphing shapes. The prestrains on the DE films not only generate various curved shapes, but also decreases the film thickness and therefore reduces the actuation voltage. Similar to the fast closure of VFT, which is activated by the strain redistribution resulted from the motor cell enlargement, our bistable DEA achieves reversible bistable shape transformation by voltage-induced strain change at the area covered by compliant electrodes. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.1117/12.2522123 VL - 10966 SP - SN - 1996-756X KW - Bioinspired KW - bistable KW - dielectric elastomer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of amino, hydroxyl, and carboxyl terminal groups of alkyl chains of self-assembled monolayers on the adsorption pattern of gold nanoparticles AU - Zahid, Ali A. S. M. AU - Hanif, Md. A. AU - Lee, Insup AU - Islam, Md. Akherul AU - Hahn, Jae R. T2 - SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS AB - The adsorption pattern of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on functionalized self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) produced on a Au(111) surface was characterized. The Au(111) was modified with 11‐amino‐1‐undecanethiol hydrochloride (AUT), 11‐mercapto‐1‐undecanol (MUT), or 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) at an elevated temperature and pressure. The AuNPs aggregated on the AUT‐SAM surface, whereas they were well dispersed on the MUT‐SAM surface and localized on the MUA‐SAM surface. The results suggest that interactions between AuNPs differ according to the degree of peeling of citrate‐layer‐capped AuNPs. The degree of peeling, which is related to both the surface randomness of the SAMs and the functional characteristics of the terminal group of each SAM, was discussed on the basis of scanning tunneling microscopy observations, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses, and contact angle measurements. Our study shows that AuNP patterns can be controlled by changing the terminal group of the alkyl thiol SAM on a Au(111) surface. DA - 2019/11// PY - 2019/11// DO - 10.1002/sia.6697 VL - 51 IS - 11 SP - 1102-1112 SN - 1096-9918 KW - adsorption KW - gold nanoparticles KW - scanning tunneling microscopy KW - self-assembled monolayers KW - terminal groups KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microfiber Nonwovens as Potential Membranes AU - Kiyak, Yasar AU - Maze, Benoit AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS AB - This article provides an overview of the membrane bioreactor technology where nonwovens can be applied as an alternative medium for separation. The main objective is to identify the nonwoven characteristics leading to higher removal efficiency, higher flux, and lower fouling behavior. The general limitations associated with common nonwoven separation media are related to the large pore and wide pore size distributions. Consequently, due to their large pore network, nonwovens often behave as a depth filter structure. Common nonwovens having large fibers cannot replace microfiltration membranes yet. Further refinements of these structures are necessary for developing a suitable replacement. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.1080/15422119.2018.1479968 VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - 282–297 KW - Nonwoven KW - separation KW - filtration KW - fouling KW - membrane KW - wastewater treatment KW - biofouling ER - TY - JOUR TI - BODIPY-embedded electrospun materials in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation AU - Stoll, Kevin R. AU - Scholle, Frank AU - Zhu, Jiadeng AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Ghiladi, Reza A. T2 - PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DA - 2019/8/1/ PY - 2019/8/1/ DO - 10.1039/c9pp00103d VL - 18 IS - 8 SP - 1923-1932 SN - 1474-9092 UR - https://publons.com/publon/26924633/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chitosan nanoparticles: Polyphosphates cross-linking and protein delivery properties AU - Abdelgawad, Abdelrahman M. AU - Hudson, Samuel M. T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES AB - Nanoparticles from chitosan, in general, can be prepared through ionotropic gelation, physical crosslinking, with anionic polyphosphates. Tripolyphosphate (TPP) is widely used for such purpose especially in drug delivery applications. TPP is a small ion with a triple negative charge throughout the physiologically acceptable pH range. However, the stability of size and surface charge of the particles still challenging. In the current work, the utilization of Hexametaphosphate (HMP) instead of Tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking agent is being investigated. HMP is hexavalent molecule in the neutral and slightly basic medium which offers more binding sites readily available for interaction with chitosan. It is thought that increasing the availability of the binding sites in the HMP molecule would result in stronger ionic complexation with chitosan cationic charges. Consequently, such stronger binding improves particles' stability and lead to average size reduction. A comparative study between chitosan/TPP and chitosan/HMP nanoparticles under different complexation conditions was conducted to investigate the effect of HMP on nanoparticles formation. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was applied as a protein model drug to explore the drug loading efficiency, 96.3%, is higher than its TPP, 91.87%, counterparts. However, TPP cross-linked particles showed superior stability upon storage. DA - 2019/9/1/ PY - 2019/9/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.062 VL - 136 SP - 133-142 SN - 1879-0003 KW - Chitosan KW - Hexametaphosphate KW - Drug delivery ER - TY - JOUR TI - Amphiphilic cellulose for enhancing the antifouling and separation performances of poly (acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) ultrafiltration membrane AU - Han, Na AU - Zhang, Wenxin AU - Wang, Weijing AU - Yang, Chao AU - Tan, Linli AU - Cui, Zhenyu AU - Li, Wei AU - Zhang, Xingxiang T2 - JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE AB - Membrane fouling results in short membrane life and high operating costs, which is a major obstacle in membrane filtration technology. Here, an amphiphilic cellulose (MCC-C16) was synthesized and used as an additive to mix with poly (acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) (P(AN-MA)) copolymer. P(AN-MA)/MCC-C16 composite membranes were formed via non-solvent induced phase separation, which exhibited excellent antifouling ability, hydrophilicity, and permeability compared with the control sample P(AN-MA) membrane. The P(AN-MA)/MCC-C16 composite membranes exhibited higher pure water flux, bovine serum albumin (BSA) flux, and flux recovery rate (FRR) than those of the pristine membrane when 5 wt% MCC-C16 was added. The pure water flux increased from 284 to 459 L/m2 h, BSA rejection was up to 95.2%, and the highest flux recovery ratio was up to 86.7%. The lowest irreversible fouling was depressed to 13.5% after three cycles of permeation. MCC-C16 is valuable in fabricating PAN-based ultrafiltration membranes for water treatment and is low cost, and environmentally friendly with excellent antifouling performance. DA - 2019/12/1/ PY - 2019/12/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117276 VL - 591 SP - SN - 1873-3123 KW - P(AN-MA) KW - Composite membranes KW - Amphiphilic cellulose KW - Antifouling KW - Separation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preparation and characterization of chitosan based hydrogels containing cyclodextrin inclusion compounds or nanoemulsions of thyme oil AU - Moradi, Sara AU - Barati, Abolfazl AU - Salehi, Ehsan AU - Tonelli, Alan E. AU - Hamedi, Hamid T2 - POLYMER INTERNATIONAL AB - Abstract Hydrogels derived from natural polysaccharides are ideal scaffolds for use in biomedical applications. pH‐sensitive polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan hydrogels containing inclusion compounds of thyme oil (TM) with host methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MβCD) and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HβCD) and TM nanoemulsion (TM‐nano) were prepared via controlled, biocompatible and low cost freeze–thaw method. The structure of the hydrogels was characterized by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and optical and scanning electron microscopy. The physicochemical properties of the hydrogels such as gel fraction, swelling ratio and tensile properties were measured. The water vapor transmission rate of the hydrogels indicated that they can maintain a moist environment over the wound bed. Encapsulation and release of antibacterial TM from the hydrogels were determined by UV spectroscopy. In all cases, hydrogels with lower amounts of TM evidenced slower and more controlled release. Different kinetic models were applied for evaluating the drug release mechanism. The antibacterial activity of the samples was studied by counting the number of both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria surviving in a broth medium and the results proved the antibacterial activity of all prepared hydrogels. The results of an MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay indicated more cell viability of TM‐nano hydrogels in comparison with those of TM‐βCD inclusion compounds. Cell attachment observations also showed great biocompatibility of TM‐nano hydrogels. The prepared hydrogels, especially those containing TM‐nano, might be used as potential wound dressings to improve the wound healing process. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry DA - 2019/11// PY - 2019/11// DO - 10.1002/pi.5899 VL - 68 IS - 11 SP - 1891-1902 SN - 1097-0126 KW - wound dressings KW - chitosan KW - thyme oil nanoemulsions KW - cyclodextrin inclusion compounds KW - antibacterial activity KW - drug delivery ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Application of Lean Six Sigma in Cotton Yarn Dyeing AU - Jasper, Warren J. AU - Vidwans, Shirin T2 - AATCC Review DA - 2019/9/1/ PY - 2019/9/1/ DO - 10.14504/ar.19.5.3 VL - 19 IS - 5 SP - 44-48 J2 - aatcc rev LA - en OP - SN - 1532-8813 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ar.19.5.3 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - AgNP/crystalline PANI/EBP-composite-based supercapacitor electrode with internal chemical interactions AU - Kim, Hyungjoo AU - Ramalingam, Manivannan AU - Balakumar, Vellaichamy AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Gao, Wei AU - Son, Young-A AU - Bradford, Philip D. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - ABSTRACT In this article, polyaniline (PANI) was conformally coated on epoxide‐functionalized buckypaper (EBP). Because of the presence of epoxide functional groups, chemical interactions occurred between oxygen in the epoxide groups and NH in the PANI. These chemical interactions were identified by peak shifts and intensity changes in Raman spectra. Additionally, crystalline peaks were clearly observed through X‐ray diffraction. However, Raman peak changes or crystalline peaks were not observed in nonfunctionalized buckypaper (purified pristine buckypaper [PPBP])‐based composites. Both hydrogen bonding and crystalline nature of EBP‐PANI enhanced its electrical conductivity, producing a specific capacitance better than that of PPBP‐PANI. Finally, Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were applied to EBP‐PANI to further enhance its electrical conductivity. Owing to the presence of AgNPs and their interactions with the N in PANI, the specific capacitance of EBP‐PANI‐AgNP reached 915.62 F/g. These results emphasize the positive effect of chemical interactions and crystalline nature of EBP‐based composites on their electrochemical performance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 48164. DA - 2019/11/20/ PY - 2019/11/20/ DO - 10.1002/app.48164 VL - 136 IS - 44 SP - SN - 1097-4628 UR - https://publons.com/publon/26924632/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of staple fiber length on the performance of carded, hydroentangled nonwovens produced with polypropylene fibers AU - Tabor, Jordan AU - Wust, Carl AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS AB - Carding is a common web-forming process used for staple fibers in the nonwovens industry. Staple fibers may be produced in many different lengths. However, the effect of staple fiber length on the nonwoven carding process and structure–property relationships of carded, hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics is not well understood. During this research, polypropylene fibers with lengths ranging from 2.54 to 15.24 cm were produced, carded, and bonded by hydroentangling. All fiber lengths used during this research were successfully carded. Fabrics were characterized via scanning electron microscopy analysis as well as basis weight, thickness, and solid volume fraction measurements. Fabric performance was evaluated with air permeability and burst strength testing. Data sets were statistically evaluated with one-way and two-way analysis of variance to determine whether fiber length significantly affected fabric structure and properties. In general, the fabrics’ solid volume fractions and burst strengths were not significantly affected by fiber length. However, air permeability of the samples did show significant change with fiber length. DA - 2019/8/21/ PY - 2019/8/21/ DO - 10.1177/1558925019870058 VL - 14 SP - SN - 1558-9250 KW - Carding KW - fiber length KW - polypropylene KW - hydroentangling KW - structure-property relationships ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flexible polyaniline-carbon nanofiber supercapacitor electrodes AU - Yanilmaz, Meltem AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Asiri, Abdullah M. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE AB - Flexible polyaniline-carbon nanofiber (PANI-CNF) composites were fabricated and evaluated for use as supercapacitor electrodes. Sol-gel and electrospinning techniques were employed to produce flexible carbon nanofibers and polyaniline coating was applied via in-situ chemical polymerization to further improve the electrochemical properties of the electrodes. The performance of flexible PANI-CNF electrodes was investigated in symmetric supercapacitor cells. Results showed that binder-free flexible PANI-CNF electrodes had high capacitance of 234 F/g and excellent cycling stability with capacitance retention of about 90% after 1000 cycles. Ragone plots were also presented and a high energy density of 32 Wh/kg at the power density of 500 W/kg was achieved for the flexible PANI-CNF electrode prepared with 12 h polymerization. In addition, mechanical tests demonstrated that free-standing PANI-CNF electrodes were durable and highly flexible. Therefore, combining sol-gel and electrospinning techniques is a facile and effective way to achieve flexible carbon nanofiber electrodes and this work provides a new approach for designing flexible electrodes with exceptional electrochemical performance, which is very promising for practical application in the energy storage field. DA - 2019/8// PY - 2019/8// DO - 10.1016/j.est.2019.100766 VL - 24 SP - SN - 2352-152X UR - https://publons.com/publon/22573151/ KW - Carbon nanofiber KW - Polyaniline KW - Composite KW - Electrode ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hybrid cross-linked hydrogels as a technology platform for in vitro release of cephradine AU - Gull, Nafisa AU - Khan, Shahzad Maqsood AU - Butt, Muhammad Taqi Zahid AU - Zia, Saba AU - Khalid, Syed AU - Islam, Atif AU - Sajid, Imran AU - Khan, Rafi Ullah AU - King, Martin William T2 - POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES AB - Hydrogel‐based drug delivery systems can leverage therapeutically favorable upshots of drug release and found clinical uses. Hydrogels offer temporal and spatial control over the release of different therapeutic agents. Because of their tailor made controllable degradability, physical properties, and ability to prevent the labile drugs from degradation, hydrogels provide platform on which diverse physicochemical interactions with entrapped drugs cause to control drug release. Herein, we report the fabrication of novel vinyltrimethoxy silane (VTMS) cross‐linked chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone hydrogels. Swelling in distilled water in conjunction with different buffer and electrolyte solutions was performed to assess the swellability of hydrogels. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were further conducted to investigate the possible interactions between components, thermal stability, and crystallinity of as‐prepared hybrid hydrogels, respectively. In vitro time‐dependent biodegradability, antimicrobial study, and cytotoxicity were also carried out to evaluate their extensive biocompatibility and cytotoxic behavior. More interestingly, in vitro drug release study allowed for the controlled release of cephradine. Therefore, this facile strategy developed the novel biocompatible and biodegradable hybrid hydrogels, which could significantly expand the scope of these hydrogels in other biomedical applications like scaffolds, skin regeneration, tissue engineering, etc. DA - 2019/9// PY - 2019/9// DO - 10.1002/pat.4688 VL - 30 IS - 9 SP - 2414-2424 SN - 1099-1581 KW - cephradine KW - cross-linker KW - drug release KW - hybrid hydrogel ER - TY - JOUR TI - Role of Electronic Structures and Dispersion Interactions in Adsorption Selectivity of Pyrimidine Molecules with a Si(5512) Surface AU - Kim, Gyu-Hyeong AU - Jeong, Sukmin AU - Lee, Insup AU - Abu Hanif, Md. AU - Islam, Md. Akherul AU - Sapkota, Kamal P. AU - Hahn, Jae R. T2 - JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C AB - We show that the resonance energy and dispersion interactions (DIs) are critical factors in determining the selectivity and configuration in the reaction of pyrimidine molecules with a silicon surface. The atomic structures of the pyrimidine molecules after they reacted with a Si(5 5 12)–2 × 1 surface were studied. Binding configurations of the pyrimidines were distinct from those of other molecules with N lone-pair electrons and aromaticity. The pyrimidine molecules were adsorbed to produce two σ bonds to silicon with N2 and C5 on the adatom row (Adr) and honeycomb chain (Hnc) sites and with C1 and C4 on the dimer row (Dmr) and the tetramer row (Ttr) sites. The reactions occurred via a [4 + 2]-type cycloaddition to produce planar-type configurations with loss of aromaticity. That is, the atoms of the aromatic ring of pyrimidine form chemical bonds with silicon atoms, which is in contrast to the adsorption behaviors reported for other N-containing aromatic molecules. When pyrimidine is adsorbed, its molecular orbitals are distorted because the N–Si bond axis does not coincide with the molecular orbital symmetric axis. Therefore, the vertical geometry is relatively unstable. DIs contribute a range of 0.4–0.6 eV for all stable adsorption structures and are essential for producing planar-type configurations on the Dmr and Ttr sites. In the absence of DIs, the vertical structure is stable; however, when DIs are included, the planar-type configuration becomes more stable. Moreover, even though the aromaticity is stabilized in the vertical structure, the greater adsorption energy for the flat structure of pyrimidine is mainly attributed to the lower energy cost involved in breaking the aromaticity. DA - 2019/8/15/ PY - 2019/8/15/ DO - 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b03520 VL - 123 IS - 32 SP - 19506-19512 SN - 1932-7455 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exertional Strain and Task Performance Consequences of a Reduction in Protection in Structural Fire Fighter PPE - A Pilot Study AU - DenHartog, Emiel A. T2 - MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE AB - PURPOSE: A major concern for working in structural firefighter PPE is the heat strain that is caused by the heat protection it provides. This is a multi-faceted challenge that requires studying heat protection, firefighter strain and task performance. To initialize this a pilot study on the consequences of reducing firefighter heat and flame protection on thermal strain, task performance and overall experiences of user safety was conducted at a firefighter training facility in The Netherlands. METHODS: Ten experienced firefighters between the ages of 25 and 50 participated in a protocol approved by the local ethical committee. They performed a simulated rescue of two dummies in a small kitchen fire in a current structural firefighters garment (S) and in a one layer FR coverall with Reduced protection (R), both with full safety gear, including SCBA. Measurements were conducted on heart rate, skin temperatures (4 sites), core temperature, task performance (speed, rescue result), mood and comfort sensations. RESULTS: In all conditions all firefighters were able to execute the rescue in the R-gear as well as in the S-gear with no differences in time, on average 8.5 min. There were significant reductions in heart rate in the R-gear versus the S-gear (p=0.02) and in core temperature increase: 1.69 (0.80 °C/hr) in R-gear versus 2.52 (1.20) °C/hr in S-gear (p=0.04). Mean skin temperature was slightly higher in the R-gear, possibly due to the reduction in protection (35.1°C (R) versus 34.3°C (S), p=0.009). But it did not reach dangerous levels, none of the maximum skin temperatures was higher than 37°C. Comfort and strain ratings were lower in the R-gear, but there was an increase in the R-gear just prior to entering the room with the fire. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study addressed multiple aspects of the balance strain, protection and performance, all crucial to ensure safety and health for structural firefighters. The results showed that a small fire scenario could be addressed by the gear as effectively as the current gear, which was unexpected. The R-gear is expected to further reduce strain in most of the firefighter day-to-day work activities. The results also indicated that experienced firefighters would need to build confidence in the activities that can be executed safely in this clothing. DA - 2019/6// PY - 2019/6// DO - 10.1249/01.mss.0000562771.32308.7d VL - 51 IS - 6 SP - 762-762 SN - 1530-0315 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthetic molecular recognition nanosensor paint for microalbuminuria AU - Budhathoki-Uprety, Januka AU - Shah, Janki AU - Korsen, Joshua A. AU - Wayne, Alysandria E. AU - Galassi, Thomas V AU - Cohen, Joseph R. AU - Harvey, Jackson D. AU - Jena, Prakrit V AU - Ramanathan, Lakshmi V AU - Jaimes, Edgar A. AU - Heller, Daniel A. T2 - NATURE COMMUNICATIONS AB - Abstract Microalbuminuria is an important clinical marker of several cardiovascular, metabolic, and other diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer. The accurate detection of microalbuminuria relies on albumin quantification in the urine, usually via an immunoturbidity assay; however, like many antibody-based assessments, this method may not be robust enough to function in global health applications, point-of-care assays, or wearable devices. Here, we develop an antibody-free approach using synthetic molecular recognition by constructing a polymer to mimic fatty acid binding to the albumin, informed by the albumin crystal structure. A single-walled carbon nanotube, encapsulated by the polymer, as the transduction element produces a hypsochromic (blue) shift in photoluminescence upon the binding of albumin in clinical urine samples. This complex, incorporated into an acrylic material, results in a nanosensor paint that enables the detection of microalbuminuria in patient samples and comprises a rapid point-of-care sensor robust enough to be deployed in resource-limited settings. DA - 2019/8/9/ PY - 2019/8/9/ DO - 10.1038/s41467-019-11583-1 VL - 10 SP - SN - 2041-1723 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11583-1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A critical review of female firefighter protective clothing and equipment workplace challenges AU - McQuerry, Meredith AU - Kwon, Cassandra AU - Johnson, Heather T2 - RESEARCH JOURNAL OF TEXTILE AND APPAREL AB - Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenging barriers faced by female firefighters, which limit workplace entrance and performance. Design/methodology/approach Occupational barriers from both psychological and physiological viewpoints were explored based on previous literature and the reported experiences of female firefighters. Findings A comprehensive review of literature synthesizes previous studies pertaining to gender anthropometric differences, female firefighters’ experiences in the work environment and protective clothing issues. The physical capabilities of men and women in specific relation to performing firefighting activities are also examined. Issues of greatest concern are identified for personal protective clothing (PPC) and equipment, which have traditionally been designed for the male human form. This leads to a lack of protection, an increased risk of onsite injury, reduction in mobility and poorer comfort for female firefighters. Originality/value This review provides an original overview of the critical workplace challenges faced by female firefighters. The need for female-specific PPC and equipment is specifically addressed to retain the growing number of women entering the male-dominated firefighting profession. DA - 2019/6/3/ PY - 2019/6/3/ DO - 10.1108/RJTA-01-2019-0002 VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 94-110 SN - 1560-6074 KW - Firefighter KW - Female KW - Anthropometrics KW - Protective clothing KW - Protective equipment KW - Sizing KW - Fit KW - Functional clothing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enhanced Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Performance of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by an Efficient Thermolysis Method AU - Abu Hanif, Md AU - Lee, Insup AU - Akter, Jeasmin AU - Islam, Md Akherul AU - Zahid, Ali A. S. M. AU - Sapkota, Kamal Prasad AU - Hahn, Jae Ryang T2 - CATALYSTS AB - ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized by a straightforward modified thermal method using only one chemical: zinc acetate dihydrate. The process is environmentally safer than other methods because it does not involve other chemicals or a catalyst, acid, or base source. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the ZnO-NPs crystallize in the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The UV–vis absorption spectra revealed a marked redshift, which is critical for enhanced photocatalytic activity. We used methylene blue for photocatalytic activity tests and found an excellent degradation percentage (99.7%) within a short time (80 min). The antibacterial activity of the synthesized ZnO-NPs was tested against Escherichia coli at different concentrations of ZnO-NPs. The analysis revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ZnO-NPs against E. coli was 30–50 μg/mL. Our ZnO-NPs were found to be more effective than previously reported ZnO-NPs synthesized via other methods. DA - 2019/7// PY - 2019/7// DO - 10.3390/catal9070608 VL - 9 IS - 7 SP - SN - 2073-4344 KW - ZnO nanoparticles KW - thermal method KW - photocatalytic activity KW - antibacterial activity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variation in hydrophobic chain length of co-adsorbents to improve dye-sensitized solar cell performance AU - Silva, Luciano AU - Freeman, Harold T2 - PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS AB - Improving the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells with the right choice of the molecular structure of the co-adsorbents. DA - 2019/8/14/ PY - 2019/8/14/ DO - 10.1039/c9cp02439e VL - 21 IS - 30 SP - 16771-16778 SN - 1463-9084 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multifunctional High-Performance Electrocatalytic Properties of Nb2O5 Incorporated Carbon Nanofibers as Pt Support Catalyst AU - Shanmugapriya, Sathyanarayanan AU - Zhu, Pei AU - Yan, Chaoyi AU - Asiri, Abdullah M. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Selvan, Ramakrishnan Kalai T2 - ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES AB - Abstract Designing an electrocatalyst by integrating multiple classes of materials is an effective strategy for reinforcing the electrode properties. This study demonstrates a facile electrospinning technique for functionalizing the carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with Nb 2 O 5 co‐catalyst as the support material for platinum nanoparticles. The resultant Nb CNF‐Pt electrode has a sensible Pt loading of 30 µg cm −2 and manifests high catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The Nb CNF‐Pt outperforms the commercial 20 wt% Pt loaded carbon with high positive onset potential (0.99 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) and half‐wave potential (0.87 V vs RHE) during ORR. It also provides large electrochemical active surface area (94.19 m 2 g −1 ) and mass activity (783.34 mA mg −1 ) during MOR. Furthermore, the Nb CNF‐Pt electrode demands an extremely minimal overpotential of 37 and 325 mV and a Tafel slope of 38 and 81 mV dec −1 for HER and OER, respectively. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of Nb CNF‐Pt is attributed to the strong metal–support interaction between Nb 2 O 5 and Pt, resulting in a uniform loading of Pt NPs with reduced particle size and agglomeration‐free distribution. DA - 2019/9/6/ PY - 2019/9/6/ DO - 10.1002/admi.201900565 VL - 6 IS - 17 SP - SN - 2196-7350 UR - https://publons.com/publon/22082964/ KW - carbon nanofibers KW - co-catalysts KW - niobium oxide KW - Pt catalyst supports ER - TY - JOUR TI - Utilising demand response for distribution service restoration to achieve grid resiliency against natural disasters AU - Hafiz, Faeza AU - Chen, Bo AU - Chen, Chen AU - Queiroz, Anderson Rodrigo AU - Husain, Iqbal T2 - IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION AB - The increased frequency of power outages due to natural disasters in recent years has highlighted the urgency of enhancing distribution grid resilience. The effective distribution service restoration (DSR) is an important measure for a resilient distribution grid. In this work, the authors demonstrate that DSR can be significantly improved by leveraging the flexibility provided by the inclusion of demand response (DR). The authors propose a framework for this by considering integrated control of household-level flexible appliances to vary the load demand at the distribution-grid level to improve DSR. The overall framework of the proposed system is modelled as a three-step method considering three optimization problems to (i) calculate feasible controllable aggregated load range for each bus, (ii) determine candidate buses to perform DR and their target load demand, and (iii) maintain the load level in each house through home energy management during the DSR, considering uncertainties in load and solar generation sequentially. The optimization problems are formulated as linear programming, mixed-integer linear programming, and multistage stochastic programming (solved using the stochastic dual dynamic programming) models. Case studies performed in the IEEE 123-node test feeder show improvements in resilience in terms of energy restored compared to the restoration process without DR. DA - 2019/7/23/ PY - 2019/7/23/ DO - 10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.6866 VL - 13 IS - 14 SP - 2942-2950 SN - 1751-8695 KW - optimisation KW - power grids KW - energy management systems KW - power distribution control KW - power system restoration KW - demand side management KW - domestic appliances KW - demand response KW - grid resiliency KW - power outages KW - distribution grid resilience KW - resilient distribution grid KW - integrated control KW - household-level flexible appliances KW - distribution-grid level KW - optimisation problems KW - aggregated load KW - target load demand KW - mixed-integer linear programming KW - distribution service restoration KW - IEEE 123-node test feeder system KW - stochastic dual dynamic programming KW - multistage stochastic programming KW - solar generation KW - home energy management ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simple diphenylamine based D–π–A type sensitizers/co-sensitizers for DSSCs: a comprehensive study on the impact of anchoring groups AU - Kesavan, Rajalakshmi AU - Abdellah, Islam M. AU - Singh, Surya Prakash AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed AU - Adhikari, Airody Vasudeva T2 - Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics AB - Three new diphenylamine based metal-free dyes were designed and developed as efficient sensitizers as well as co-sensitizers along with N3 in DSSCs. Their detailed photophysical, electrochemical, theoretical and photovoltaic properties have been explored. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.1039/c9cp01032g VL - 21 IS - 20 SP - 10603-10613 J2 - Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. LA - en OP - SN - 1463-9076 1463-9084 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9CP01032G DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of UV stabilizers on the weathering of PETG and PCTT films AU - Arangdad, Kiarash AU - Yildirim, Erol AU - Detwiler, Andrew AU - Cleven, Curtis D. AU - Burk, Christopher AU - Shamey, Renzo AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A. AU - Freeman, Harold S. AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - ABSTRACT The influence of two UV photostabilizers on the photostability of Polyethylene‐co‐CHDM‐terephthalate (PETG) and Polycyclohexylenedimethylene‐Co‐TMCD‐terephthalate (PCTT) copolyester films was investigated. Untreated films and films containing stabilizer were irradiated. The resulting films were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FTIR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FTIR spectra of the irradiated films containing Cyasorb 1164 showed less change in intensity of the broad peak corresponding to OH groups, than the films containing Cyasorb 3638, indicating that Cyasorb 1164 is a better photostabilizer for these films. XPS results showed that the decrease in C/O ratio, due to photodegradation, was greater in films containing Cyasorb 3638 compared to those containing Cyasorb 1164. The formation of degradation products was evident from emission spectra arising from extracts of irradiated films based on PCTT +10% Cyasorb 3638, but no degradation products were apparent in extracts from irradiated PCTT +10% Cyasorb 1164. UV‐absorption spectra of Cyasorb 1164 overlap more substantially with the absorption spectra of PETG and PCTT. The results from FTIR, XPS, and GPC analyses of the irradiated PETG and PCTT films demonstrated that Cyasorb 1164 was more effective than Cyasorb 3638 in enhancing resistance to UV‐induced weathering. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 48198. DA - 2019/12/15/ PY - 2019/12/15/ DO - 10.1002/app.48198 VL - 136 IS - 47 SP - SN - 1097-4628 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85069911866&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - cyclic voltammetry KW - DFT calculation KW - gel permeation chromatography KW - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy KW - photodegradation KW - UV stabilizers KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Empirical model to simulate morphology of electrospun polycaprolactone mats AU - Yousefi, S. H. AU - Tang, C. AU - Tafreshi, H. Vahedi AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - ABSTRACT This work is the first to report a study aimed at generating 3D virtual geometries that represent the microstructure of an electrospun fibrous mat comprised curly fibers. Polycaprolactone (PCL) mats are considered in our study as an example of such fibrous structures. We started with simulating the formation of PCL filaments and observed good agreement between the predicted and measured fiber diameters. In the absence of quantitative information about the shape of a curly PCL fiber, we treated these fibers as arrays of beads arranged on epitrochoid profiles. We then used the fiber deposition diameter and velocity in a mass‐spring‐damper (MSD) model to generate 3D fibrous geometries comprised hundreds of such curly fibers. The damping and spring constants in the MSD model were obtained through calibration with experimental data reported for single electrospun PCL nanofibers. The size of the epitrochoid‐like fibers was obtained empirically through matching the average thickness of the resulting mats with those measured experimentally. With the calibrated code, we studied the effects of electrospinning conditions on the porosity of PCL nanofiber mats. It was found that increasing the voltage or decreasing the needle‐to‐collector distance results in PCL mats with thicker fibers, and consequently, lower porosities. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 48242. DA - 2019/7/13/ PY - 2019/7/13/ DO - 10.1002/app.48242 VL - 136 IS - 46 SP - 48242 J2 - J Appl Polym Sci LA - en OP - SN - 0021-8995 1097-4628 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/APP.48242 DB - Crossref KW - electrospinning KW - modeling KW - nanofibers KW - PCL ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nanoscale Restructuring of Polymer Materials to Produce Single Polymer Composites and Miscible Blends AU - Tonelli, Alan E. T2 - BIOMOLECULES AB - I summarize work conducted in our laboratories over the past 30 years using small host molecules to restructure polymer materials at the nanometer level. Certain small molecules, such as the cyclic starches cyclodextrins (CDs) and urea (U) can form non-covalent crystalline inclusion compounds (ICs) with a range of guest molecules, including many polymers. In polymer-CD- and -U-ICs, guest polymer chains reside in narrow channels created by the host molecule crystals, where they are separated and highly extended. When the host crystalline lattice is carefully removed, the guest polymer chains coalesce into a bulk sample with an organization that is distinct from that normally produced from its melt or from solution. Amorphous regions of such coalesced polymer samples have a greater density, likely with less chain entanglement and more chain alignment. As a consequence, after cooling from their melts, coalesced amorphous polymers show glass-transition temperatures (Tgs) that are elevated above those of samples prepared from their solutions or melts. Upon cooling from their melts, coalesced samples of crystallizable polymers show dramatically-increased abilities to crystallize more rapidly and much closer to their melting temperatures (Tms). These unique behaviors of polymers coalesced from their CD- and U-ICs are unexpectedly resistant to extended annealing above their Tgs and Tms. Taking advantage of this behavior permits us to create polymer materials with unique and improved properties. Among these are amorphous polymers with elevated Tgs and semi-crystalline polymers with finer more uniform morphologies. Improved mechanical properties can be achieved through self-nucleation with small amounts of the same polymer made rapidly crystallizable through coalescence from its CD- or U-IC. This can lead to single polymer composites with as-received polymer matrices and self-nucleated reinforcements. Through simultaneous formation and subsequent coalescence from their common CD-ICs, stable well-mixed blends can be achieved between any two or more polymers, despite their inherent immiscibilities. Such coalesced and well-mixed blends are also resistant to phase segregation when heated for extensive periods well above their Tgs and Tms. DA - 2019/6// PY - 2019/6// DO - 10.3390/biom9060240 VL - 9 IS - 6 SP - SN - 2218-273X KW - polymer inclusion compounds KW - coalesced polymers KW - self-nucleation KW - miscible blending KW - single polymer composites ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of keratin films as screening tools for predicting the efficacy of potential hair dyes AU - Williams, Tova N. AU - Freeman, Harold S. T2 - COLORATION TECHNOLOGY AB - Abstract The technology for generating high quality keratin films has recently advanced and led to their implementation in a variety of applications. As an initial step toward investigating the films as a screening tool for predicting the efficacy of potential hair dyes, CI Acid Orange 7 was applied to a set of opaque and translucent films. Overlaid time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry images arising from protein and dye fragments revealed that dye uniformly penetrated both film types. Results also showed that the relative concentration of dye in each film complemented outcomes from ultraviolet‐visible analysis and revealed that the translucent film contained a higher dye concentration. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of film morphology suggested that the observed difference was due to the higher porosity of the opaque film, which facilitated dye desorption during the rinsing step. Consequently, the translucent film was judged to be a better substrate for screening potential new hair dyes. DA - 2019/8// PY - 2019/8// DO - 10.1111/cote.12408 VL - 135 IS - 4 SP - 253-266 SN - 1478-4408 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12408 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Corrosion resistant coating based on thiol-ene polymeric system AU - Rezaei, Farzad AU - Dickey, Michael D. AU - Hauser, Peter J. T2 - PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS AB - This study presents a method of preparation of corrosion resistant thin organic coatings. This thin organic coating is designed to protect a stack of several thin inorganic (metallic and oxide) layers that have low infrared emissivity and are sputter deposited on top of a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. It is argued that, in contact with an acidic environment, the most sensitive material in this stack is indium tin oxide. The proposed protective organic coating consists of a crosslinkable thiol-ene network, a low surface energy fluorinated compound and a silane adhesion promoter cured under exposure to an ultra-violet light source. The results show that such the optimized organic precursor can lead to thin polymeric coating that can successfully protect the sensitive substrate yet does not have a detrimental interference with its low emissivity. DA - 2019/8// PY - 2019/8// DO - 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.04.073 VL - 133 SP - 350-356 SN - 0300-9440 KW - Organic coating KW - Acid corrosion KW - ITO KW - Emissivity KW - XRD ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nature-Inspired Liquid Infused Systems for Superwettable Surface Energies AU - Ashrafi, Zahra AU - Lucia, Lucian AU - Krause, Wendy T2 - ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES AB - The development of an innovative interfacial wetting strategy known as liquid infused systems offers great promise for the advanced design of superwetting and superantiwetting substrates to overcome the drawbacks of textured surfaces classified under the heading of Cassie/Wenzel states. The potential value of nature-inspired surfaces has significant potential to address scientific and technological challenges within the field of interfacial chemistry. The objective of the current review is to provide insights into a fruitful and young field of research, highlight its historical developments, examine its nature-inspired design principles, gauge recent progress in emerging applications, and offer a fresh perspective for future research. DA - 2019/6/19/ PY - 2019/6/19/ DO - 10.1021/acsami.9b00930 VL - 11 IS - 24 SP - 21275-21293 SN - 1944-8252 KW - liquid infused systems KW - slippery surfaces KW - superwetting KW - superantiwetting KW - repellency ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantification on Growing Mass of Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Deposited Mn(II) on the Silicon Anode of LiMn2O4 Full Lithium-Ion Cells AU - Chen, Haihui AU - Xu, Hanying AU - Zeng, Yingying AU - Ma, Tianyi AU - Wang, Wei AU - Liu, Limin AU - Wang, Fang AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Qiu, Xinping T2 - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces AB - Silicon is considered to be one of the most important high-energy density anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. A large number of experimental studies on silicon anode have achieved better results, and greatly promoted its practical application potentiality, but almost of them are only tested in metal lithium half batteries. There is still an unavoidable question for commercial applications: what is the performance of the full cell composed of a silicon anode and a manganese-based material cathode? In this paper, the growing solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and deposited manganese ions of the silicon anode's surface of the spinel lithium manganese oxide LiMn2O4/silicon full cells are quantitatively studied during electrochemical cycling, and the SEI performances are tested by differential scanning calorimetry to find out the reason for the rapid decline of reversible capacity in the LiMn2O4/silicon system. The experimental results show that manganese ions can make SEI films rapidly grow on the silicon anode and make SEI films more brittle, which results in lower Coulombic efficiency and rapid decline in capacity of the silicon anode. DA - 2019/8/7/ PY - 2019/8/7/ DO - 10.1021/acsami.9b07400 VL - 11 IS - 31 SP - 27839-27845 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b07400 KW - solid electrolyte interphase KW - quantification KW - Coulombic efficiency KW - lithium ion battery KW - full cell ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electronic Metal-Support Interaction To Modulate MoS2-Supported Pd Nanoparticles for the Degradation of Organic Dyes AU - Shi, Yi AU - Huang, Xiao-Kun AU - Wang, Yang AU - Zhou, Yue AU - Yang, Dong-Rui AU - Wang, Feng-Bin AU - Gao, Wei AU - Xia, Xing-Hua T2 - ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS AB - Electronic modulation of heterogeneous metal catalysts has been considered as an effective means to optimize their catalytic performance. Two-dimensional nanomaterials, typically used as the supporting substrates for anchoring the active metal nanoparticles, are well-known to profoundly influence the electronic structure of metals through interfacial electronic metal–support interaction (EMSI). However, the detailed investigation of EMSI for catalytic enhancement still remains obscure at the microscopic level. Herein, we propose to utilize MoS2 nanosheets to modulate the electronic structure of Pd through EMSI and investigate the influence of “support effect” of MoS2 on the catalytic activity of Pd utilizing degradation of methylene blue (MB) with the electron donor NaBH4 as a simple model reaction. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the electron transfer from Pd to MoS2 makes a highly electron-deficient Pd surface. During the target catalysis, this interfacial electronic structure makes the surface of Pd favor the adsorption of electron-rich reactants (for example, NaBH4), accelerating the electron transfer from NaBH4 to MB. Our finding promises an effective and facile strategy for catalyst design and sheds more insights into the structure–activity relationship of supported metal catalysts in general. DA - 2019/6// PY - 2019/6// DO - 10.1021/acsanm.9b00297 VL - 2 IS - 6 SP - 3385-3393 SN - 2574-0970 KW - palladium nanoparticles KW - chemically exfoliated MoS2 KW - support effect KW - electronic metal-support interaction KW - catalytic reaction ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bi-component Carbohydrate and Lignin Nanoparticle Production from Bio-refinery Lignin: A Rapid and Green Method AU - Sadeghifar, Hasan AU - Venditti, Richard A. AU - Pawlak, Joel J. AU - Jur, Jesse T2 - BIORESOURCES AB - A rapid and green preparation of lignin nanoparticles was demonstrated starting from bio-refinery lignin containing grafted carbohydrates. The particles were prepared by recovering a fraction of the lignin, which contained 24% carbohydrate (by weight) as the insoluble fraction in 0.5 M NaOH. The carbohydrate content of this fraction was verified with a wet chemistry analytical technique, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray diffraction. This fraction was then dissolved in a NaOH/urea/water system and added dropwise to water under a high shear, which rapidly formed precipitated particles in a size range of approximately 100 nm. This carbohydrate-containing fraction of the lignin was soluble in a green solvent system that was not suited for lignin alone. The generated particles were stable in different organic solvents and water. Overall, the dissolution of the bio-refinery lignin in the NaOH/urea/water system, followed by precipitation in water can be regarded as a green and rapid method to produce stable nanoparticles. The generated nanoparticles, containing both carbohydrates and lignin, are expected to have unique applications because of their bi-component nature. Furthermore, this is the first publication to show how materials with high levels of lignin can be solubilized in solvents that are conventionally used for cellulose. DA - 2019/8// PY - 2019/8// DO - 10.15376/biores.14.3.6179-6185 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 6179-6185 SN - 1930-2126 KW - Carbohydrate-lignin KW - Lignin nanoparticle KW - Bio-refinery lignin KW - Green processing KW - Sodium hydroxide KW - Urea KW - Bi-component ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrically Conductive Coatings for Fiber-Based E-Textiles AU - Chatterjee, Kony AU - Tabor, Jordan AU - Ghosh, Tushar K. T2 - FIBERS AB - With the advent of wearable electronic devices in our daily lives, there is a need for soft, flexible, and conformable devices that can provide electronic capabilities without sacrificing comfort. Electronic textiles (e-textiles) combine electronic capabilities of devices such as sensors, actuators, energy harvesting and storage devices, and communication devices with the comfort and conformability of conventional textiles. An important method to fabricate such devices is by coating conventionally used fibers and yarns with electrically conductive materials to create flexible capacitors, resistors, transistors, batteries, and circuits. Textiles constitute an obvious choice for deployment of such flexible electronic components due to their inherent conformability, strength, and stability. Coating a layer of electrically conducting material onto the textile can impart electronic capabilities to the base material in a facile manner. Such a coating can be done at any of the hierarchical levels of the textile structure, i.e., at the fiber, yarn, or fabric level. This review focuses on various electrically conducting materials and methods used for coating e-textile devices, as well as the different configurations that can be obtained from such coatings, creating a smart textile-based system. DA - 2019/6// PY - 2019/6// DO - 10.3390/fib7060051 VL - 7 IS - 6 SP - SN - 2079-6439 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7060051 KW - flexible electronics KW - smart textiles KW - conductive coatings KW - e-textiles ER - TY - JOUR TI - Near room temperature dyeing of m-aramid fabrics AU - Vu, Nguyen AU - Michielsen, Stephen T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - ABSTRACT Due to their high crystallinity and inertness, the coloration of meta‐aramid fiber has been widely confirmed to be difficult. Though substantial improvements have been achieved, the dyeing of this fiber still requires high temperature and long duration for good color strength and shade. In this article, grafting poly(acrylic acid), a polyelectrolyte, onto meta‐aramind fibers followed by dyeing via conventional pad‐dry‐cure technique resulted in good dyeing and a decrease the dyeing time and temperature. Dyed samples that possess industrially acceptable K/S values were produced in 15 minutes at room temperature (25–27 °C) under neutral pH. Dyed samples had good dry and wet crockfastness. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 48190. DA - 2019/12/5/ PY - 2019/12/5/ DO - 10.1002/app.48190 VL - 136 IS - 45 SP - SN - 1097-4628 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48190 KW - cationic dyes KW - dyeability KW - meta-aramid KW - pad-dry-cure KW - poly(acrylic acid) KW - surface grafting ER - TY - JOUR TI - CENTRIFUGAL SPINNING-HIGH RATE PRODUCTION OF NANOFIBERS AU - Chen, Chen AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - ELECTROSPINNING: NANOFABRICATION AND APPLICATIONS AB - Nanofibers have attracted tremendous attention due to their flexibility, large surface area, and ease of modification, and they have been widely utilized in different applications such as filtration, tissue engineering, drug delivery, protective clothing, energy storage, etc. At this writing, the most commonly used method to produce nanofibers is electrospinning. However, the utilization of a high-voltage setup and the low production rate have become barriers to its use in large scale. Centrifugal spinning is an efficient approach to producing nanofibers from various materials. During centrifugal spinning, the polymer solution or polymer melt is ejected out of the rotating spinning head, and when the centrifugal force overcomes the surface tension of the polymer liquid material, the polymer jet undergoes a stretching process and is eventually deposited on the collector, forming solidified nanofibers. This chapter gives an overview of the history, working mechanism, influential parameters, and various applications of the centrifugal spinning method. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.1016/B978-0-323-51270-1.00010-8 SP - 321-338 UR - https://publons.com/publon/26924630/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of sea polymer removal on sound absorption behavior of islands-in-the-sea spunbonded nonwovens AU - Suvari, Fatih AU - Ulcay, Yusuf AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - This work presents the results of efforts focused on the development of relatively lightweight and fibrous acoustic webs. For this objective, nonwoven webs that contain bicomponent filaments with islands-in-the-sea cross sections were produced by spunbonding, which involves the extrusion of sea and island polymer melts through dies, cooling and attenuating the bicomponent filaments by high-velocity air streams. Nylon 6 and polyethylene were used as the island and sea polymers, respectively. Webs were hydroentangled with high-pressure water jets prior to the dissolving process to obtain fiber entanglement. Sea polymer was removed from the spunbonded nonwovens by using a reflux dissolution setup. Weight, thickness, air permeability, pore size and sound absorption coefficients of the nonwoven samples were measured before and after the sea polymer removal. Results demonstrated that sea polymer removal led to further bicomponent filament fibrillation, which affected sound absorption positively. The structure with the higher number of island fibers had better acoustical properties. Lightweight and fibrous acoustic nonwovens can be obtained with the method given in this study. DA - 2019/6// PY - 2019/6// DO - 10.1177/0040517518797332 VL - 89 IS - 12 SP - 2444-2455 SN - 1746-7748 KW - nonwoven KW - spunbond KW - sound absorption KW - acoustic KW - islands-in-the-sea ER - TY - JOUR TI - In situ 3D bacterial cellulose/nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dot-based membrane fluorescent probes for aggregation-induced detection of iron ions AU - Lv, Pengfei AU - Zhou, Huimin AU - Mensah, Alfred AU - Feng, Quan AU - Lu, Keyu AU - Huang, Jieyu AU - Li, Dawei AU - Cai, Yibing AU - Lucia, Lucian AU - Wei, Qufu T2 - CELLULOSE DA - 2019/7// PY - 2019/7// DO - 10.1007/s10570-019-02476-z VL - 26 IS - 10 SP - 6073-6086 SN - 1572-882X KW - Bacterial cellulose KW - Graphene oxide quantum dots KW - Fluorescence KW - Sensitivity KW - Probe ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of drawing process on crimp formation-ability of side-by-side bicomponent filament yarns produced from recycled, fiber-grade and bottle-grade PET AU - Abbasi, Marjan AU - Kotek, Richard T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - In this study, side-by-side bicomponent filaments from recycled poly(ethylene) terephthalate (R-PET) from post-consumer bottles, fiber-grade PET (FG-PET) and bottle-grade PET (BG-PET) successfully were extruded. The bicomponent fibers in the forms of FG/R, BG/R and FG/BG were produced in a spinning machine and drawn by a thermal drawing process to improve their mechanical properties using draw ratios between ‘2.5 and 2.8’. The effects of conditions on the fiber structure, physical properties and crimp formation of resultant fibers were evaluated. The birefringence, shrinkage and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and tensile modulus, increased and elongation at break decreased for the drawn fibers, and this was attributed to the fiber orientation. Distinct crimp formation was observed from drawn bicomponent fibers after thermal treatment. There were significant birefringence and shrinkage difference between two components in drawn bicomponent fibers caused to severe crimp formation. DA - 2019/10/3/ PY - 2019/10/3/ DO - 10.1080/00405000.2019.1611523 VL - 110 IS - 10 SP - 1439-1444 SN - 1754-2340 KW - Bicomponent KW - PET KW - recycling KW - filament KW - draw ratio KW - side-by-side KW - crimp formation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of dynamic and static loading during in vitro degradation of a braided composite bioresorbable cardiovascular stent AU - Zhao, Fan AU - Wang, Fujun AU - King, Martin W. AU - Wang, Lu T2 - MATERIALS LETTERS AB - Bioresorbable cardiovascular stents are usually subjected to dynamic mechanical loads in vivo, which results in a different degradation profile compared to that measured under a static in vitro immersion test. In this study, a dynamic test platform was used to mimic cyclic pulsatile pressure and compared the changes in polymer properties of poly(p-dioxaone)/polycaprolane (PPDO/PCL) braided composite bioresorbable stents (BCBRSs) with static loading and non-loaded environments. The results showed static compressive load accelerated the changes in the hydrolysis process and crystallinity for polymers while the pulsatile pressure increased surface corrosion of the stent struts. Moreover, the degradation rate under dynamic loading was attenuated due to the mitigation of viscous flow of molecule chains and autocatalysis process, compared with that under static loading and non-loaded conditions. DA - 2019/9/1/ PY - 2019/9/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.matlet.2019.04.097 VL - 250 SP - 12-15 SN - 1873-4979 KW - Biomimetic KW - Fibre technology KW - Polymeric composites ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unique hue stimulus selection using Munsell color chips under different chroma levels and illumination conditions AU - Shamey, Renzo AU - Zubair, Muhammad AU - Cheema, Hammad T2 - JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION AB - To determine the role of chroma and illumination conditions on assessments of unique hue stimuli (UHs: Y, B, R, and G) 25 color normal observers selected Munsell color chips under controlled but different light sources that included simulated D65 daylight, incandescent (A), CWF and TL84, from two rotatable trays—one containing low and the other high chroma samples. Three independent evaluations were obtained from each observer with a gap of at least 24 h between assessments. A total of 2400 UH assessments were thus obtained. The mean, as well as the range and variability, in UH selections was calculated according to gender, illumination condition, and chroma. Results show statistically significant differences for uB and uR stimuli selections from the low to the high chroma sets under all lighting conditions, and for uY under light source A and CWF while differences in uG selections in different lighting conditions were statistically insignificant. No significant difference was found between male and female UH selections. Hue shift predictions based on CAT02 transform were found to agree well with observer responses under different illumination conditions. It was also found that observers’ UH choices varied more for low chroma samples under different lighting conditions compared to high chroma samples. The highest variability was obtained under light source CWF, while the simulated D65 source resulted in the lowest variability in selections. DA - 2019/6/1/ PY - 2019/6/1/ DO - 10.1364/JOSAA.36.000983 VL - 36 IS - 6 SP - 983-993 SN - 1520-8532 UR - https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.36.000983 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Engineering small-caliber vascular grafts from collagen filaments and nanofibers with comparable mechanical properties to native vessels AU - Zhang, Fan AU - Xie, Yu AU - Celik, Hakan AU - Akkus, Ozan AU - Bernacki, Susan H. AU - King, Martin W. T2 - BIOFABRICATION AB - At the present time, there is no successful synthetic, off-the-shelf small-caliber vascular graft (<6 mm) for the repair or bypass of the coronary or carotid arteries. This stimulates on-going investigations to fabricate an artificial vascular graft that has both sufficient mechanical properties as well as superior biological performance. Collagen has long been considered as a viable material to encourage cell recruitment, tissue regeneration, and revascularization, but its use has been limited by its inferior mechanical properties. In this study, novel electrochemically aligned collagen filaments were used to engineer a bilayer small-caliber vascular graft, by circular knitting the collagen filaments and electrospinning collagen nanofibers. The collagen prototype grafts showed significantly greater bursting strength under dry and hydrated conditions to that of autografts such as the human internal mammary artery and the saphenous vein (SV). The suture retention strength was sufficient under dry condition, but that under hydrated condition needs to be further improved. The radial dynamic compliance of the collagen grafts was similar to that of the human SV. During in vitro cell culture assays with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the prototype collagen grafts also encouraged cell adhesion and promoted cell proliferation compared to the synthetic poly(lactic acid) grafts. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the feasibility of the use of novel collagen filaments for fabricating small caliber tissue-engineered vascular grafts that provide both sufficient mechanical properties and superior biological performance. DA - 2019/7// PY - 2019/7// DO - 10.1088/1758-5090/ab15ce VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - SN - 1758-5090 KW - small caliber vascular graft KW - endothelialization KW - knitting KW - electrospinning KW - electrochemically aligned collagen (ELAC) filament KW - collagen nanofibers KW - mechanical properties ER - TY - JOUR TI - Screen Printing of Graphene Oxide Patterns onto Viscose Nonwovens with Tunable Penetration Depth and Electrical Conductivity AU - Qu, Jiangang AU - He, Nanfei AU - Patil, Shradha V. AU - Wang, Yanan AU - Banerjee, Debjyoti AU - Gao, Wei T2 - ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES AB - Graphene-based e-textiles have attracted great interest because of their promising applications in sensing, protection, and wearable electronics. Here, we report a scalable screen-printing process along with continuous pad-dry-cure treatment for the creation of durable graphene oxide (GO) patterns onto viscose nonwoven fabrics at controllable penetration depth. All the printed nonwovens show lower sheet resistances (1.2–6.8 kΩ/sq) at a comparable loading, as those reported in the literature, and good washfastness, which is attributed to the chemical cross-linking applied between reduced GO (rGO) flakes and viscose fibers. This is the first demonstration of tunable penetration depth of GO in textile matrices, wherein GO is also simultaneously converted to rGO and cross-linked with viscose fibers in our processes. We have further demonstrated the potential applications of these nonwoven fabrics as physical sensors for compression and bending. DA - 2019/4/24/ PY - 2019/4/24/ DO - 10.1021/acsami.9b00715 VL - 11 IS - 16 SP - 14944-14951 SN - 1944-8252 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b00715 KW - graphene oxide KW - screen printing KW - cross-linking KW - e-textile KW - textile sensors ER - TY - JOUR TI - Equilibrium clamshell drops on conical surfaces: effect of curvature and gravity AU - Sun, Xiaohang AU - Zhang, Wenwen AU - Lee, Hoon Joo AU - Michielsen, Stephen T2 - COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS AB - Although extensive research has been performed on barrel shaped drops on fibers and cones, little research has been reported for clamshell shaped drops on curved surfaces with a gradient in the curvature. In this article, equilibrium clamshell shaped drops have been simulated on conical fiber sections via finite-element simulation. The equilibrium drop shape, Gibbs free energy, and curvature-induced force along the cone of the equilibrium clamshell drops were obtained using a series of Surface Evolver (SE) simulations including the unique wetting behavior caused by the significant circumferential spreading near the apex of the cone. This series also incorporated the effect of drop volume, cone half-angle and contact angle. Furthermore, the effect of gravity was simulated based on the difference between sessile and pendant drops on the conical surface. DA - 2019/7/5/ PY - 2019/7/5/ DO - 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.074 VL - 572 SP - 203-210 SN - 1873-4359 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.074 KW - Clamshell droplet KW - Conical surfaces KW - Surface Evolver KW - Gravitational effect KW - Young-Laplace equation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact Spatter Bloodstain Patterns on Textiles AU - Wu, Jiaying AU - Michielsen, Stephen AU - Baby, Ruksana T2 - JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AB - Abstract There are few reports of studies of impact spatter on textiles even though bloodstained textiles are found at many violent scenes. Impact spatter was deposited at 90° impact angle onto three knit fabrics of different yarn sizes and on paper. The resulting stain areas and number of stains were measured using ImageJ and compared with stains on paper using one‐factor ANOVA . The number of stains observed and their areas on the knit fabrics decreased as the yarn size increased. It was also found that blood that deposited on the fabric wicked only in the direction of the fibers at that location within the fabric which led to distorted stain shapes. Fewer observed impact spatter stains were found on cotton jersey knits for fabrics made with larger yarns than on paper. As the yarn size became smaller, the number of stains became the same as on paper. DA - 2019/5// PY - 2019/5// DO - 10.1111/1556-4029.13951 VL - 64 IS - 3 SP - 702-710 SN - 1556-4029 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13951 KW - forensic science KW - impact spatter KW - bloodstain pattern analysis KW - textiles KW - rattrap KW - porcine blood ER - TY - JOUR TI - An introduction to a new direct testing method for characterizing pressure in compression fabrics AU - Kwon, Cassandra AU - Hegarty, Meghan AU - Oxenham, William AU - Thoney-Barletta, Kristin AU - Grant, Edward AU - Reid, Lawrence T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - A newly developed direct pressure measuring system known as the CRIM Pressure System was compared with a traditional direct measuring device, the PicoPress Compression System, for compression bandage and hosiery samples. PicoPress measurements were taken both on the CRIM system and on research participants. Initial results indicated a good correlation between CRIM Pressure System and PicoPress participants’ measurements. DA - 2019/6/3/ PY - 2019/6/3/ DO - 10.1080/00405000.2018.1527966 VL - 110 IS - 6 SP - 822-831 SN - 1754-2340 KW - Compression medical textiles KW - compression garments KW - interface pressure KW - body measurement KW - sensor measuring ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabric infused with a botanical repellent for protection against mosquitoes AU - Halbkat, Lilah AU - Luan, Kun AU - Cave, Grayson AU - McCord, Marian AU - Roe, Michael AU - DenHartog, Emiel AU - Travanty, Nicholas J. AU - Apperson, Charles S. AU - West, Andre J. T2 - The Journal of The Textile Institute AB - Mosquito resistant apparel has become increasingly sought-after due to the rise in vector-borne illnesses such as the Zika Virus, Malaria, and Dengue Fever. Botanical insect repellents have been introduced to the market for consumers that desire a natural solution involving no pesticides or added chemicals. Fabric swatches consisting of 80% nylon and 20% elastane were separately treated with an organic repellent using a patented nonwoven vessel. The fabrics were then tested for effectiveness in repelling the mosquito Aedes aegypti using an arm-in-cage assay, the most commonly used method for mosquito repellents. The repellents were also evaluated and rated by study participants according to their preference for the appeal of the scent. The treatment method is user-friendly, enabling consumers to treat their clothing with an organic insect repellent as opposed to applying a synthetic chemical to their clothing and skin. The infused fabrics showed to be effective at repelling mosquitoes for up to 8 h after repellent infusion. DA - 2019/4/14/ PY - 2019/4/14/ DO - 10.1080/00405000.2019.1603576 VL - 110 IS - 10 SP - 1468-1474 J2 - The Journal of The Textile Institute LA - en OP - SN - 0040-5000 1754-2340 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2019.1603576 DB - Crossref KW - Infused KW - repellent KW - fabric KW - protective KW - garment KW - insect ER - TY - JOUR TI - Role of Local Polymer Conformations on the Diverging Glass Transition Temperatures and Dynamic Fragilities of Isotactic-, Syndiotactic-, and Atactic-Poly(methyl methacrylate)s AU - Shen, Jialong AU - Yildirim, Erol AU - Li, Shanshan AU - Caydamli, Yavuz AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A. AU - Tonelli, Alan E. T2 - Macromolecules AB - The profound stereosequence dependence of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMAs) offers the possibility to evaluate any conformational contributions to their glass formation processes. Close to Tg for a given polymer liquid, the viscosity and relaxation time increase dramatically, leading to the temperature dependence of its dynamics to deviate from Arrhenius behavior. The degree of that deviation is called dynamic fragility (m). The broad reported variations for Tg of over 70 K and for m of 90 necessitated new measurements for each sample using the same protocols to keep comparisons reliable. The limiting values of fictive temperature as a function of cooling rates were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and were used to calculate m values of two stereoregular PMMAs, isotactic (i) and syndiotactic (s), as well as three atactic (a) PMMAs with different molecular weights. For a-PMMAs, m exhibited a positive dependence on molecular weight, and the m values for s- and i-PMMAs were consistent with the previous studies to be high and low, respectively. Heat capacity changes at Tg correlate negatively with m, probably due to the breakdown of their thermorheological simplicity. Conformational analyses were conducted at the dimer level to elucidate the potential role of local polymer conformations. Rotational isomeric state Monte Carlo simulations and conformational analyses provide insights into the molecular origin of the Tg and m differences of i-PMMA and s-PMMA. On the other hand, we demonstrated that the characteristic ratio is not a suitable parameter for characterizing PMMA flexibility and is irrelevant to m. A future focus on the local conformational geometry of glass-forming polymers is proposed. DA - 2019/5/28/ PY - 2019/5/28/ DO - 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00434 VL - 52 IS - 10 SP - 3897-3908 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00434 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative evaluation of mattresses using a thermal seat tester AU - Cannon, Forrest R. AU - DenHartog, Emiel A. T2 - The Journal of The Textile Institute AB - Mattresses have the ability to deliver different degrees of thermal comfort to users. However, there is no current standardized test method for assessing the thermal comfort of mattresses. In efforts to create such a test method, the following research utilized an inverted thermal hotplate heated to 35 °C that was placed on three different mattresses at three testing temperatures. The three types of mattresses tested were innerspring, foam, and foam with phase change materials (PCMs). By analyzing surface temperature, heat flux generated, thermal resistance, and the time required to reach steady state thermal resistance, differences in the thermal properties of the mattresses were found in the short term (initial 30 min) and in the long term. The data showed very good repeatability and significant differences between the very different mattresses. The inverted hot plate served as a reliable tool to assess thermal differences between mattresses in the dry state. DA - 2019/4/19/ PY - 2019/4/19/ DO - 10.1080/00405000.2019.1598315 VL - 110 IS - 9 SP - 1352-1358 J2 - The Journal of The Textile Institute LA - en OP - SN - 0040-5000 1754-2340 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2019.1598315 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - A generalized variational approach for predicting contact angles of sessile nano-droplets on both flat and curved surfaces AU - Jasper, Warren J. AU - Anand, Nadish T2 - JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS AB - Derivations of Young's equation have traditionally neglected the Laplace pressure and its influence on the curvature of sessile droplets under thermodynamic equilibrium. Omission of the Laplace pressure results in overestimating the line tension by several orders of magnitude and contributes to significant errors in predicting the contact angle for droplet volumes ranging from micro-liters to atto-liters. This paper addresses this issue and offers a correct inclusion of VdP as a virtual work term in the free energy variation at the liquid-vapor boundary for both flat and curved surfaces. While the Laplace pressure is constant at the liquid-vapor interface as a condition of equilibrium, the variation of the Laplace pressure is not zero, as it influences both the shape (spherical cap) and contact angle of sessile droplets. Inclusion of this term leads naturally to a definition of the line tension as a volume dependent term, and more importantly to a correct prediction in both sign and magnitude of the line tension value. The inclusion of VdP work predicts a cubic relationship between the cosine of the contact angle and droplet line radius. This new model extends existing theories on the behavior of nanosized droplets and its predictions exhibit quantitative agreement with experimental results for nonane, dodecane, fullerene, and glycerol trioleate over a range of 15 orders of magnitude in droplet volume. Finally, we also theorize the existence of two different equilibrium contact angles at lower droplet volumes. These two values diverge with the inverse line radius. DA - 2019/5/1/ PY - 2019/5/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.039 VL - 281 SP - 196-203 SN - 1873-3166 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Penetration of liquid droplets into hydrophobic fibrous materials under enhanced gravity AU - Jamali, M. AU - Vahedi Tafreshi, H. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Journal of Applied Physics AB - In this paper, experimental and numerical simulations were devised to study and formulate the force required for forcing a droplet to penetrate into a thin nonwetting fibrous structure. Due to the complexity of the problem at hand, we considered only thin fibrous structures comprised of parallel or orthogonally layered fibers. The experiments were conducted using ferrofluid droplets placed on electrospun polystyrene fibrous coatings. A permanent magnet was used to apply a body force to the droplets from below, and the assembly was placed on a sensitive scale for measuring the applied force. Numerical simulations were conducted using the Surface Evolver finite element code validated through comparison with dedicated experimental results. We studied how the force needed to initiate droplet spontaneous penetration into a thin fibrous coating varies with varying the volume of the droplet or the geometric properties of the coating. Using a combination of simulation results and experimental observations, easy-to-use but approximate expressions were derived and used to predict the force required to initiate droplet spontaneous penetration into the above-mentioned fibrous material. These analytical expressions allow one to circumvent the need for running a numerical simulation for each and every droplet–coating combination of interest and thereby expand the application of our work to conditions different from those considered here. DA - 2019/4/14/ PY - 2019/4/14/ DO - 10.1063/1.5092227 VL - 125 IS - 14 SP - 145304 J2 - Journal of Applied Physics LA - en OP - SN - 0021-8979 1089-7550 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5092227 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polymers Containing Non-Covalently Bound Cyclodextrins AU - Tonelli, Alan E. T2 - POLYMERS AB - We summarize and review the formation, characterization, behaviors, and possible uses of polymers that are threaded through, but only partially covered by cyclodextrins (CDs), which we call non-stoichiometric polymer–CD inclusion compounds (ICs) or non-stoichiometric (n-s) polymer–CD ICs. Emphasis is placed on comparison of the behaviors of unthreaded neat polymers with those that are threaded through and partially covered by CDs. These comparisons lead to several suggested uses for (n-s) polymer–CD ICs. DA - 2019/3/5/ PY - 2019/3/5/ DO - 10.3390/polym11030425 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - SN - 2073-4360 KW - polymers KW - cyclodextrins KW - non-stoichiometric inclusion complexes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mordant inspired wet-spinning of graphene fibers for high performance flexible supercapacitors AU - He, Nanfei AU - Shan, Weitao AU - Wang, Julia AU - Pan, Qin AU - Qu, Jiangang AU - Wang, Guofeng AU - Gao, Wei T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A AB - Al3+ coagulated wet-spun graphene fibers show a large surface area and high electrical conductivity, resulting in large capacitance. DA - 2019/3/28/ PY - 2019/3/28/ DO - 10.1039/c8ta12337c VL - 7 IS - 12 SP - 6869-6876 SN - 2050-7496 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Industrial-scale fabrication of an osteogenic and antibacterial PLA/silver-loaded calcium phosphate composite with significantly reduced cytotoxicity AU - Cai, Shaobo AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Loboa, Elizabeth G. T2 - JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS AB - Abstract In this study, we report an industrial‐scale fabrication method of a multifunctional polymer composite as a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering. This study successfully demonstrated the potential of applying industrial polymer processing technologies to produce specially functionalized tissue engineering scaffolds. With the inclusion of a newly synthesized multifunctional additive, silver‐doped‐calcium phosphate (silver‐CaP), the composite material exhibited excellent osteogenic inducibility of human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASC) and satisfactory antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . Also, relative to previously reported methods of direct loading silver particles into polymeric materials, our composite exhibited significantly reduced silver associated cytotoxicity. The enhanced biocompatibility could be a significant advantage for materials to be used for regenerative medicine applications where clinical safety is a major consideration. The impact of different silver loading methodologies on hASC’ osteogenic differentiation was also studied. Overall, the results of this study indicate a promising alternative approach to produce multifunctional scaffolds at industrial‐scale with higher throughput, lower cost, and enhanced reproducibility. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 900–910, 2019. DA - 2019/5// PY - 2019/5// DO - 10.1002/jbm.b.34185 VL - 107 IS - 4 SP - 900-910 SN - 1552-4981 KW - industrial-scale fabrication KW - multifunctional scaffold KW - osteogenic KW - antibacterial KW - reduced cytotoxicity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Advanced ZnSnS3@rGO Anode Material for Superior Sodium-Ion and Lithium-Ion Storage with Ultralong Cycle Life AU - Jia, Hao AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Sun, Na AU - Chen, Chen AU - Yan, Chaoyi AU - Zhu, Pei AU - Dong, Xia AU - Du, Zhuang AU - Cheng, Hui AU - Guo, Jiansheng AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - CHEMELECTROCHEM AB - Abstract A novel and facile approach has been utilized to synthesize zinc tin sulfide@reduced graphene oxide (ZnSnS 3 @rGO) through aqueous reaction of Na 2 SnO 3 and Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 , combined with a subsequent solvothermal reaction and an annealing process. The as‐prepared ZnSnS 3 @rGO nanocomposite exhibited an excellent sodium‐ and lithium‐ion‐storage performance with large specific capacity, high rate capability, and ultralong cycle life. When used in Na‐ion cells, the ZnSnS 3 @rGO nanocomposite delivered a capacity of 472.2 mAh g −1 at 100 mA g −1 and retained a specific capacity of 401.2 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles. In Li‐ion cells, the ZnSnS 3 @rGO nanocomposite delivered a capacity of 959.2 mAh g −1 at a current density of 100 mA g −1 and maintained a specific capacity of 551.3 mAh g −1 at a high current density of 1 A g −1 upon 500 cycles. The electrochemical performance results reveal that the integration of uniformly dispersed metal elements and an interconnected carbon matrix could help release the stress of volumetric excursion and provide fast electron/ion transport, leading to a remarkable electrochemical performance. DA - 2019/2/15/ PY - 2019/2/15/ DO - 10.1002/celc.201801333 VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 1183-1191 SN - 2196-0216 UR - https://publons.com/publon/26924629/ KW - anode KW - lithium-ion battery KW - reduced graphene oxide KW - sodium-ion battery KW - zinc tin sulfide ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of staple fiber length on the performance of carded, hydroentangled nonwovens produced with splittable fibers AU - Tabors, Jordan AU - Wust, Carl AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS AB - Carding is a common web-forming process used for staple fibers in the nonwovens industry. Carded webs can be produced with bicomponent staple fibers designed to split into fine fibers. Splittable bicomponent fibers offer benefits such as increased surface area, improved hand, decreased pore size, improved cover, and enhanced strength. Splittable bicomponent fibers within carded webs can be split and bonded utilizing high-pressure water jets during the hydroentangling process. Staple fibers may be produced in many different lengths. However, the effect of staple fiber length on the nonwoven carding process and structure–property relationships of carded, hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics composed of splittable bicomponent fibers is not well understood. During this research, polyester/polyethylene 16-segmented pie, bicomponent fibers with lengths ranging from 2.54 to 15.24 cm were produced, carded and bonded by hydroentangling. All fiber lengths used during this research were successfully carded, and no significant challenges were observed during carding. Fabric performance was evaluated with air permeability and burst strength testing. Data sets were statistically evaluated with one-way and two-way analysis of variance to determine whether fiber length significantly affected fabric structure and properties. In general, the solid volume fraction and air permeability of the samples were affected by fiber length. However, fiber length did not strongly affect the burst strength of hydroentangled fabrics. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019/// DO - 10.1177/1558925019832526 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel approach to investigating frictional electrification and charge decay on woven textile fabrics treated with ionic antistatic and hydrophilic surface finishes AU - Jasti, Vamsi K. AU - Seyam, Abdel-Fattah M. AU - Oxenham, William AU - Theyson, Thomas T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - The results of a study of charge generation and decay for range of woven fabrics from ring spun cotton yarns, ring spun polyester yarns, and flat continuous filament polyester yarns treated with topical finishes are reported. The topical finishes include commercially available ionic antistatic finishes, one commercially available hydrophilic finish, and a new experimental moisture management finish. The fabrics were rubbed against surface of steel and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE; Teflon®) and their frictional electrification and charge dissipation were monitored. It is shown that fabrics from cotton have a more rapid inherent charge decay than fabrics from polyester. Ionic antistatic finishes are shown to be effective in reducing charge generation and promoting charge decay and this is particularly true for the fabrics made from filament polyester. When commercially available and experimental hydrophilic finishes were applied on fabrics made from filament polyester, less charge was generated and the generated charge decayed quickly compared to the control untreated fabrics. In an attempt to understand the mechanism of charge decay, two probes were used with one placed on the top of the rubbed area and the other placed some distance from the rubbed area. It was found that the generated charge migrated from the rubbed areas to other parts of the sample. This behavior is more pronounced for fabrics treated with hydrophilic and moisture management finishes, which cause the charge to decay exponentially. DA - 2019/3/4/ PY - 2019/3/4/ DO - 10.1080/00405000.2018.1507703 VL - 110 IS - 3 SP - 338-348 SN - 1754-2340 KW - Triboelectric charge KW - charge decay KW - surface potential KW - topical finishes KW - antistatic ER - TY - JOUR TI - Low-cost Schiff bases chromophores as efficient co-sensitizers for MH-13 in dye-sensitized solar cells AU - Abdel-Shakour, M. AU - El-Said, Waleed A. AU - Abdellah, Islam M. AU - Su, Rui AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed T2 - Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics DA - 2019/2/11/ PY - 2019/2/11/ DO - 10.1007/s10854-019-00806-2 VL - 30 IS - 5 SP - 5081-5091 J2 - J Mater Sci: Mater Electron LA - en OP - SN - 0957-4522 1573-482X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-00806-2 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Facile synthesis of a novel, highly effective, more sustainable and cost-effective cationic bleach activator for cotton: N-[4-(N,N,N)-triethylammoniumchloride-butyryl] caprolactam AU - Altay, Pelin AU - Hauser, Peter J. AU - Gursoy, Nevin Cigdem AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed T2 - CELLULOSE DA - 2019/3// PY - 2019/3// DO - 10.1007/s10570-018-02224-9 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 2849-2860 SN - 1572-882X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85060697399&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Peracetic acid KW - Low temperature bleaching KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - N-[4-(N KW - N KW - N)-triethylammoniumchloride-butyryl] caprolactam KW - TBUCC ER - TY - JOUR TI - High strain rate compressive response of the C-f/SiC composite AU - Luan, Kun AU - Liu, Jianjun AU - Sun, Baozhong AU - Zhang, Wei AU - Hu, Jianbao AU - Fang, Xiaomeng AU - Ming, Chen AU - Song, Erhong T2 - CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL AB - Carbon fiber reinforced ceramic owns the properties of lightweight, high fracture toughness, excellent shock resistance, and thus overcomes ceramic's brittleness. The researches on the advanced structure of astronautics, marine have exclusively evaluated the quasi-static mechanical response of carbon fiber reinforced ceramics, while few investigations are available in the open literature regarding elastodynamics. This paper reports the dynamic compressive responses of a carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (Cf/SiC) composite (CFCMC) tested by the material test system 801 machine (MTS) and the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). These tests were to determine the rate dependent compression response and high strain rate failure mechanism of the Cf/SiC composite in in-plane and out-plane directions. The in-plane compressive strain rates are from 0.001 to 2200 s−1, and that of the out-plane direction are from 0.001 to 2400 s−1. The compressive stress-strain curves show the Cf/SiC composite has a property of strain rate sensitivity in both directions while under high strain rate loadings. Its compressive stiffness, compressive stress, and corresponding strain are also strain rate sensitive. The compressive damage morphologies after high strain rate impacting show different failure modes for each loading direction. This study provides knowledge about elastodynamics of fiber-reinforced ceramics and extends their design criterion with a reliable evaluation while applying in the scenario of loading high strain rate. DA - 2019/4/15/ PY - 2019/4/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.12.174 VL - 45 IS - 6 SP - 6812-6818 SN - 1873-3956 KW - Ceramic matrix composite KW - Compression KW - Strain rate sensitivity KW - Energy absorption KW - Damage morphology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular engineering and investigation of new efficient photosensitizers/co-sensitizers based on bulky donor enriched with EDOT for DSSCs AU - Abdellah, Islam M. AU - Koraiem, Ahmed I. AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed T2 - Dyes and Pigments AB - Herein, we report design, synthesis and photovoltaic performance of four novel metal-free heteroaromatic photosensitizers coded IA 1-4 with (D-D)2-D-A architecture carrying electron donating triphenylamine coupled with EDOT core which is directly connected to four different electron withdrawing/anchoring groups, viz. rhodamine-3-acetic acid, cyano acetic acid, 2-methyl quinoline-6-carboxylic acid and 1-phenyl-pyrazol-5-one-3-carboxylic acid without any π-spacer. The newly designed IA 1-4 were applied as sensitizers and co-sensitizers in DSSCs. Their structures were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, MS and elemental analyses. The photosensitizers were subjected to optical and electrochemical studies in order to investigate their absorption/emission behavior as well as HOMO/LUMO energies. The UV–Vis revealed that IA 1-4 exhibited at 464, 497, 531 and 412 nm,λmax respectively. Their optical band gap is in the range of 1.95–2.28 eV. From the energy level diagram of the named photosensitizer, it is clear that all the dyes have good thermodynamically favorable ground and excited state oxidation potentials for electron injection into CB edge of TiO2 as well as dye regeneration. The photovoltaic performance studies indicate that, dye IA-1 anchored with cyanoacetic acid displayed the highest IPCE (61.5%), resulting in PCE of 5.92% (JSC = 12.3 mA cm−2, VOC = 0.68 V, FF = 70.29%). Furthermore, when IA-1 was used as a co-sensitizer with MH-13, a total PCE of 8.43% (JSC = 22.8 mA cm−2, VOC = 0.66 V, FF = 54.1%) was achieved to gain more insights into the equilibrium molecular geometry (EMG), thermodynamic parameters and vertical electronic excitation, DFT studies were performed using GAUSSIAN 09 software to calculate the EMG of each photosensitizer, its and electron cloud delocalization of HOMO/LUMO levels and vertical electronic excitation. Results from FMO revealed that dyes IA 1-4 showed effective charge separation, which translated into greater ICT behavior with IA-1 being the highest in photovoltaic performance. DA - 2019/5// PY - 2019/5// DO - 10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.01.035 VL - 164 SP - 244-256 J2 - Dyes and Pigments LA - en OP - SN - 0143-7208 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.01.035 DB - Crossref KW - Bulky donor KW - Suzuki coupling KW - Photosensitizers KW - Dye solar cells KW - Co-sensitization KW - HOMO/LUMO KW - Photovoltaic ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel Membranes Regenerated from Blends of Cellulose/Gluten Using Ethylenediamine/Potassium Thiocyanate Solvent System AU - Yu, Yang AU - Boy, Ramiz AU - Kotek, Richard T2 - JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS AB - Current industrial methods for dissolution of cellulose in making regenerated cellulose products are relatively expensive, toxic and dangerous and have environmental problems coming with the hazard chemical wastes. To solve t... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press DA - 2019/1// PY - 2019/1// DO - 10.32604/jrm.2019.00105 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 41-55 SN - 2164-6341 KW - Cellulose KW - gluten KW - blended film KW - novel KW - ED/KSCN solvent KW - physical and mechanical properties ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis and Encapsulation of a New Zinc Phthalocyanine Photosensitizer into Polymeric Nanoparticles to Enhance Cell Uptake and Phototoxicity AU - Mehraban, Nahid AU - Musich, Phillip R. AU - Freeman, Harold S. T2 - APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL AB - Efforts to enhance the utility of photodynamic therapy as a non-invasive method for treating certain cancers have often involved the design of dye sensitizers with increased singlet oxygen efficiency. More recently, however, sensitizers with greater selectivity for tumor cells than surrounding tissue have been targeted. The present study provides an approach to the modification of the known photosensitizer zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), to enhance its solubility and delivery to cancer cells. Targeting a photosensitizer to the site of action improves the efficacy of the sensitizer in photodynamic therapy. In this work we used PLGA-b-PEG to encapsulate a new zinc phthalocyanine derivative, 2(3), 9(10), 16(17), 23(24)-tetrakis-(4’-methyl-benzyloxy) phthalocyanine zinc(II) (ZnPcBCH3), to enhance uptake into A549 cells, a human lung cancer cell line. ZnPcBCH3 exhibited the same photochemical properties as the parent compound ZnPc but gave increased solubility in organic solvents, which allowed for efficient encapsulation. In addition, the encapsulated dye showed a near 500-fold increase in phototoxicity for A549 cancer cells compared to free dye. DA - 2019/2/1/ PY - 2019/2/1/ DO - 10.3390/app9030401 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - SN - 2076-3417 KW - PDT photosensitizer KW - phthalocyanine derivative KW - PLGA-b-PEG nanoparticles KW - phototoxicity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nanostructured GaOOH modified with reactive yellow, red and blue water-soluble dyes AU - Adams, W. Taylor AU - Vinueza, Nelson R. AU - Romanyuk, Oleksandr AU - Gordeev, Ivan AU - Paskova, Tania AU - Ivanisevic, Albena T2 - AIP ADVANCES AB - Water soluble reactive dyes are used to modify nanostructured GaOOH. The resulting particles showed excellent stability in water solutions. The materials were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to assess changes due to the dye functionalization. SEM revealed changes in size after dye modification. XPS confirmed the presence of the dyes on the nanostructured materials and assessed changes in functional groups due to use of different type of modification and concentrations of dyes. The reported approach to stabilize the nanostructured GaOOH provides a simple and environmentally friendly route to tune the properties of wide band gap semiconductor materials. DA - 2019/2// PY - 2019/2// DO - 10.1063/1.5080353 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - SN - 2158-3226 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Real-time impact damage sensing and localization in composites through embedded aligned carbon nanotube sheets AU - Aly, Karim AU - Bradford, Philip D. T2 - COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING AB - Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown potential as a good candidate for performing strain and damage sensing in composites, however, the number of studies that have examined CNTs piezoresistive response under impact is limited. This paper investigates a novel technique for real-time damage sensing during and after impact strikes on composite laminates. In this technique, aligned CNT sheets layers are distributed through the thickness to monitor the developing damage in the host structure's impact side, mid-plane and non-impact side. This is accomplished through measuring the CNT sheets' in-plane electrical resistance changes simultaneously and linking them to the impact damage modes in the structure. The experimental results demonstrate the CNT layers' ability to detect, locate and quantify impact damage when the host structure undergoes different types of impacts. The results highlight the CNT sensing layers high sensitivity to damage accumulation. DA - 2019/4/1/ PY - 2019/4/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.104 VL - 162 SP - 522-531 SN - 1879-1069 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.104 KW - Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) KW - Impact behavior KW - Electrical properties KW - Mechanical testing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis, optical characterization, and TD-DFT studies of novel mero/bis-mero cyanine dyes based on N-Bridgehead heterocycles AU - Koraiem, Ahmed I. AU - Abdellah, Islam M. AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed AU - Abdel-Latif, Fathy F. AU - Abd El-Aal, Reda M. T2 - Canadian Journal of Chemistry AB - Novel mero/bis-mero cyanine dyes based on N-Bridgehead imidazo[1,2-g]quinolino[2,1-a][2,6]naphthyridine have been synthesized and characterized to evaluate intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect on the energy gap (E 0-0 ). The UV–vis and emission spectral studies revealed that dyes are absorbed in the region of λ max 485–577 nm and emitted at 567–673 nm. Their solvatochromic behavior in solvents of various polarities, CCl 4, C 6 H 6, H 2 O, CHCl 3, acetone, and DMF, was studied to emphasize the effect of solvent polarity on the absorption maxima, molar extinction coefficients of the dyes, and excitation energy of the dyes. Their electron cloud delocalization in HOMO/LUMO levels were studied by DFT using Gaussian 09 software. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) was applied to theoretically explore the first excitation energy (E 0-0 ) of these dyes, which was in good agreement with experimental results. DA - 2019/3// PY - 2019/3// DO - 10.1139/cjc-2018-0325 VL - 97 IS - 3 SP - 219-226 J2 - Can. J. Chem. LA - en OP - SN - 0008-4042 1480-3291 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2018-0325 DB - Crossref KW - mero cyanine KW - TD-DFT calculations KW - solvatochromic behavior KW - photo-physical properties. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inkjet Process for Conductive Patterning on Textiles: Maintaining Inherent Stretchability and Breathability in Knit Structures AU - Kim, Inhwan AU - Shahariar, Hasan AU - Ingram, Wade F. AU - Zhou, Ying AU - Jur, Jesse S. T2 - ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS AB - Abstract In this work, a novel technique of inkjet printing e‐textiles with particle free reactive silver inks on knit structures is developed. The inkjet‐printed e‐textiles are highly conductive, with a sheet resistance of 0.09 Ω sq ‐1 , by means of controlling the number of print passes, annealing process, and textile structures. It is notable that the inkjet process allows textiles to maintain its inherent properties, including stretchability, flexibility, breathability, and fabric hand after printing process. This is achieved by formation of ultrathin silver layers surrounding individual fibers. The silver layers coated on fibers range from 250 nm to 2.5 µm, maintaining the size of interstices and flexibility of fibers. The annealing process, structure of fibers, and printed layers significantly influence the electrical conductivity of the patterned structures on textiles. Outstanding electrical conductivity and durability are demonstrated by optimizing print passes, controlling textile structures, and incorporating an in situ annealing process. The electrical resistance dependence on the strain rate of the textiles is examined, showing the ability to maintain electrical conductivity to retain light‐emitting diode use, stable more than 500 consecutive strain cycles. Most importantly, inkjet‐printed e‐textiles maintain their characteristic washability, breathability, and fabric hands for applications in wearable technology. DA - 2019/2/14/ PY - 2019/2/14/ DO - 10.1002/adfm.201807573 VL - 29 IS - 7 SP - SN - 1616-3028 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201807573 KW - e-textiles KW - flexible electronics KW - inkjet printing KW - reactive silver ink KW - ultrathin coating ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inkjet Printing of Reactive Silver Ink on Textiles AU - Shahariar, Hasan AU - Kim, Inhwan AU - Soewardiman, Henry AU - Jur, Jesse S. T2 - ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES AB - Inkjet printing of functional inks on textiles to embed passive electronics devices and sensors is a novel approach in the space of wearable electronic textiles. However, achieving functionality such as conductivity by inkjet printing on textiles is challenged by the porosity and surface roughness of textiles. Nanoparticle-based conductive inks frequently cause blockage/clogging of inkjet printer nozzles, making it a less than ideal method for applying these functional materials. It is also very challenging to create a conformal conductive coating and achieve electrically conductive percolation with the inkjet printing of metal nanoparticle inks on rough and porous textile and paper substrates. Herein, a novel reliable and conformal inkjet printing process is demonstrated for printing particle-free reactive silver ink on uncoated polyester textile knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics. The particle-free functional ink can conformally coat individual fibers to create a conductive network within the textile structure without changing the feel, texture, durability, and mechanical behavior of the textile. It was found that the conductivity and the resolution of the inkjet-printed tracks are directly related with the packing and the tightness of fabric structures and fiber sizes of the fabrics. It is noteworthy that the electrical conductivity of the inkjet-printed conductive coating on pristine polyethylene terephthalate fibers is improved by an order of magnitude by in situ heat-curing of the textile surface during printing as the in situ heat-curing process minimizes the wicking of the ink into the textile structures. A minimum sheet resistance of 0.2 ± 0.025 and 0.9 ± 0.02 Ω/□ on polyester woven and polyester knit fabrics is achieved, respectively. These findings aim to advance E-textile product design through integration of inkjet printing as a low-cost, scalable, and automated manufacturing process. DA - 2019/2/13/ PY - 2019/2/13/ DO - 10.1021/acsami.8b18231 VL - 11 IS - 6 SP - 6208-6216 SN - 1944-8252 KW - E-textiles KW - inkjet printing KW - particle freereactive ink KW - silver coating KW - conductive pattern KW - bending KW - washability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular and excited state properties of photostable anthraquinone blue dyes for hydrophobic fibers AU - Ding, Yi AU - Mehraban, Nahid AU - Szymczyk, Malgorzata AU - Parrillo-Chapman, Lisa AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed AU - Freeman, Harold S. T2 - JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AB - Abstract Synthetic dyes having high photostability on hydrophobic fibers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are of interest for use on textile substrates for outdoor applications. While much is known about photostable dyes developed for PET in the 1980s, owing to their viability for use in automobile interiors, little has been published on currently viable photostable disperse dyes. As part of an effort to help fill this void and to facilitate future photostable disperse dye design, the present study involved the use of experimental measurements and modelling studies to help characterize the molecular structures of commercially viable dyes for producing photostable colors on PET fibers, beginning with a pair of blue dyes. With the aid of HR-MS, 500 MHz 1H NMR, and X-ray crystallography, it was established that the two dyes are structural isomers having 1,5-(OH)2-anthraquinone (AQ) and 1,8-(OH)2-AQ base structures. It is proposed that the photostability of these dyes arises from the presence of multiple OH/NH groups ortho to the AQ C O groups which enables them to dissipate excited state energy through intramolecular proton transfer. Further, using DFT-based molecular modelling studies, it was shown that the dye having the 1,5-(OH)2-AQ base structure has a lower ESOP than the isomeric dye having the 1,8-(OH)2-AQ base structure. Similarly, results from calculating Frontier HOMO and LUMO isosurfaces indicated that the LUMO lobes of the latter dye are larger, suggesting that this dye undergoes excitation faster than the 1,5-(OH)2-AQ isomer. DA - 2019/4/5/ PY - 2019/4/5/ DO - 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.12.070 VL - 1181 SP - 109-117 SN - 1872-8014 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85059631897&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Anthraquinone disperse dyes KW - Intramolecular H-bonding KW - Structural analysis KW - X-ray crystallography KW - Molecular modelling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Melt-spun PLA liquid-filled fibers: physical, morphological, and thermal properties AU - Naeimirad, Mohammadreza AU - Zadhoush, Ali AU - Neisiany, Rasoul Esmaeely AU - Salimian, Saeed AU - Kotek, Richard T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - PLA hollow fibers with different internal diameters were produced as a media for liquid encapsulation via high-speed melt-spinning process, changing important parameters (e.g. material type, polymer throughput, extrusion temperature, quench flow rate, drawing ratio, and winding speed). Morphological analysis showed 300% increment (linear mode) for internal and outer diameters by increasing the polymer throughput from 14.6 to 87.6 ml/min while raising the winding speed from 500 to 1500 m/min resulted in decreasing 70 and 75% for internal and external diameters, respectively. Quench flow rate and extrusion temperature showed lower effect on just internal diameter. XRD patterns indicated that using higher drawing ratio led to increase in the fiber crystallinity. According to the physical studies, although the linear density was duplicated about 10 times by increasing the polymer throughput, but the winding speed reduced 300%. Adding the polymer throughput, as the main factor, caused the tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, tenacity, and fracture toughness to be changed approximately +650%,+217%, –68%, –58%, and +1500%, respectively. Other parameters also influenced (described in text) on tensile performances. Thermal analysis showed lower thermal stability for the fibers extruded at higher temperature. DSC results also confirmed the same trend in the degree of crystallinity of the melt-spun fibers. Melt-spun fibers were filled with glycerol as a model liquid using the previously developed microfluidic approach. Biodegradable liquid-filled fibers were conducted on composting test. Successful biodegradation is a promising result for potential applications such as agriculture pesticide and medical drug delivery. DA - 2019/1/2/ PY - 2019/1/2/ DO - 10.1080/00405000.2018.1465336 VL - 110 IS - 1 SP - 89-99 SN - 1754-2340 KW - PLA hollow fibers KW - melt-spinning KW - biodegradable KW - microfluidics KW - liquid-filled fiber ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Fabrics with Sacrificial Nanofibers for Flexible High Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes AU - Yildiz, Ozkan AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Fang, Xiaomeng AU - Fu, Kun AU - Jia, Hao AU - Stano, Kelly AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Bradford, Philip D. T2 - JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY AB - Silicon is one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of its highest known theoretical charge capacity (4,200 mAh g−1). However, it has found limited application in commercial batteries because of the significant volume change (up to 400%) of silicon during cycling, which results in pulverization and capacity fading. Here, we present a new method to develop a silicon - carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid anode architecture using CNT-polymer nanofiber hybridization method. The anode material is produced by electrospinning PMMA-Si nanofibers onto aligned CNT sheets, which are drawn on a grounded, rotating take-up roller, and then subsequently decomposing the PMMA electrospun fibers at elevated temperature to create a uniform distribution of Si particles within the CNT sheets. The whole structure is then coated with pyrolytic carbon via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The architecture provides sufficient space to accommodate the volume expansion of the Si nanoparticles. The CVD pyrolytic carbon coating helps to anchor the Si nanoparticles within CNT sheets and stabilize solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) formation. The novel freestanding, binder free CNT-Si-C sheet hybrid exhibited improved performance in terms of excellent cycling capacity (1470 mAh g−1), high coulombic efficiency (98%), and good capacity retention of 88% after 150 cycles. DA - 2019/2/9/ PY - 2019/2/9/ DO - 10.1149/2.0821902jes VL - 166 IS - 4 SP - A473-A479 SN - 1945-7111 UR - https://publons.com/publon/26924627/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydroentanglement of Polymer Nonwovens 2: Simulation of multiple polymer fibers and prediction of entanglement AU - Li, Gen AU - Staszel, Christopher AU - Yarin, Alexander L. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - POLYMER AB - The dynamic model of polymer fibers in hydroentanglement process developed in Part 1 (G. Li, C. Staszel, A.L. Yarin, B. Pourdeyhimi. Hydroentanglement of Polymer Nonwovens. 1: Experimental and theoretical/numerical framework) is generalized here to simulate simultaneous evolution and entanglement of multiple fibers. The fiber-fiber entanglement morphologies are established and the number of entanglements predicted as a function of time. The results of the experiments of Part 1 are compared with the numerical predictions based on the present model. It is shown that the model can successfully be used to describe hydroentanglement of nonwovens. The thickness reduction and the increase in the number of entanglements are predicted for different velocities of water jets. DA - 2019/2/15/ PY - 2019/2/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.004 VL - 164 SP - 205-216 SN - 1873-2291 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydroentanglement of polymer nonwovens. 1: Experimental and theoretical/numerical framework AU - Li, Gen AU - Staszel, Christopher AU - Yarin, Alexander L. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - POLYMER AB - Hydroentanglement is a versatile and important process used to form highly entangled nonwoven materials comprised of polymer fibers. It is a key element of polymer processing in the world, with the nonwovens market worth of tens of billions of the US dollars. No fundamental theoretical models of hydroentanglement were available so far, even though such modeling is required to facilitate the entirely empirical efforts to optimize the process. No model experiments on hydroentanglement aiming at its underlying physics were conducted either. These challenging problems are in focus in the present work. A model experiment is conducted and a quasi-one-dimensional model of individual polymer fibers is proposed and implemented for a number of fibers subjected to water jets impacting as a curtain normally to the nonwoven surface and undergoing filtration motion in the inter-fiber pores. The nonwoven is assumed to be located on a moving substrate with water suction through it. The model allows for a number of two-dimensional water jets and a number of suction ports in the substrate. The quasi-one-dimensional model allows for the three-dimensional motion of individual viscoelastic polymer fibers and the fiber-fiber interaction, which makes them non-self-intersecting. Then, the governing quasi-one-dimensional equations of fiber motion are discretized and solved numerically by using a discrete element method with mesh refinement of the Lagrangian mesh during the time marching. Using the developed code, several basic model problems were solved. Specifically, the behavior of several viscoelastic polymer fibers under the action of water jets with and without fiber-fiber interaction is described. Accordingly, a quantitative measure of the fiber-fiber entanglement is introduced based on the observed morphologies in the accompanying second part of this work. DA - 2019/2/15/ PY - 2019/2/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.059 VL - 164 SP - 191-204 SN - 1873-2291 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Graphene oxide model with desirable structural and chemical properties AU - Qiao, Qi AU - Liu, Chang AU - Gao, Wei AU - Huang, Liangliang T2 - CARBON AB - Due to unique chemical, electrical and optical properties, graphene oxide has been widely used as a promising candidate for many applications. Theoretical GO models developed so far present a good description of its chemical structure. However, when it comes to the structural properties, such as the size and distribution of vacancy defects, the curvature (or roughness), there exist significant gaps between computational models and experimentally synthesized GO materials. In this work, we carry out reactive molecular dynamics simulations and use experimental characteristics to fine tune theoretical GO models. Attentions have been paid to the vacancy defects, the distribution and hybridization of carbon atoms, and the overall C/O ratio of GO. The GO models proposed in this work have been significantly improved to represent quantitative structural details of GO materials synthesized via the modified Hummers method. The temperature-programmed protocol and the computational post analyses of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, vacancy size and curvature distribution, are of general interest to a broad audience working on GO structures from other synthesis methods and other two-dimensional materials and their composites. DA - 2019/3// PY - 2019/3// DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.11.063 VL - 143 SP - 566-577 SN - 1873-3891 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structure-property relationship of novel monosubstituted Ru (II) complexes for high photocurrent and high efficiency DSSCs: Influence of donor versus acceptor ancillary ligand on DSSCs performance AU - Abdellah, Islam M. AU - Koraiem, Ahmed I. AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed T2 - Solar Energy AB - Two novel high molar extinction coefficient monosubstituted-bipy Ru (II) complexes, IA-5 and IA-6, based on D-D-π and π-A-π-A ancillary ligands were synthesized with the aid of Knoevenagel reaction, to study the influence of the electron donor and electron acceptor ancillary ligand and number of anchoring group (COOH) on the light harvesting efficiency (LHE), ground and excited state oxidation potentials, incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE), short-circuit photocurrent density (J), and total solar-to-electric conversion efficiency (%η) for DSSCs, and their device performances were studied and showed a maximum of PCE of 7.81% (JSC = 17.61 mA cm−2, VOC = 0.69 V and FF = 64.05%) for dye IA-6 compared to PCE of 7.74% (JSC = 15.83 mA cm−2, VOC = 0.74 V and FF = 65.37%) for N719 dye. The photophysical and photoelectrochemical properties discussed herein addressed the significant impact of the electron donor and electron acceptor ancillary ligand and the number of anchoring groups on JSC and %η in DSSCs. The molecular structures of IA-5 and IA-6 were characterized using UV–Vis, emission spectrophotometry, FT-IR, ESI-MS, and 1H NMR. To probe the interrelationship between the chemical structure, photophysical and photoelectrochemical properties, molecular modeling studies, implemented in Gaussian, were employed. DFT/TD-DFT calculations were used to calculate the thermodynamics and electronic properties of IA-5 and IA-6 including HOMO and LUMO isosurfaces, lowest singlet-singlet electronic transitions (E0-0), ground and excited states oxidation potentials, GSOP and ESOP, which were in excellent agreement with the experimental results. Surprisingly, the insertion of the strong electron acceptor benzodithiazole in the ancillary ligand of IA-5 showed that the frontier LUMO shifted by 100% from 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxlic acid to the ancillary ligand containing benzodithiazole with electron injection accomplished from the anchoring group tethered to benzodithiazole. This new finding of relocating the LUMO from bipy-dicarboxylic acid to the other ancillary ligand would open the door for the molecular engineering of better light harvesting and more efficient Ru (II) complexes for DSSCs. DA - 2019/1// PY - 2019/1// DO - 10.1016/j.solener.2018.11.047 VL - 177 SP - 642-651 J2 - Solar Energy LA - en OP - SN - 0038-092X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.11.047 DB - Crossref KW - Dye solar cells KW - Electron acceptor KW - Electron donor KW - Solar-to-electric conversion KW - Molecular modeling KW - DFT and TD-DFT ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterizing nonwoven materials via realistic microstructural modeling AU - Moghadam, A. AU - Yousefi, S. H. AU - Tafreshi, H. Vahedi AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY AB - A physics-based nonwoven structure generation model is presented in this work. The model is capable of incorporating the mechanical properties of the fibers in the simulations by treating each fiber as an array of beads connected to one another via springs and dampers. Our algorithm can realistically simulate the bending of the fibers at fiber–fiber crossovers or when external forces are applied to the fibers during fiber deposition process. In fact, a unique attribute of the modeling approach presented in this work is that it can be modified to emulate, to some extent, the manufacturing process by which the nonwoven media have been produced. Unlike most previous structure generation models, our mass-spring-damper algorithm does not require the thickness or porosity of the media to be fed to the model as an input, and it is also capable of avoiding fiber–fiber overlaps. For demonstration purposes, virtual media with bimodal fiber diameter or contact angle distributions were produced and used to estimate the pressure required for water to penetrate through a hydrophobic fibrous membrane, i.e., the so-called liquid entry pressure (LEP). The LEP calculations here are based on a simplifying assumption that the air–water interface remains intact across the width of the simulation domain as it travels throughout the media. Effects of fiber diameter(s), fiber orientations, or fiber contact angle(s) on LEP are simulated and discussed in detail. DA - 2019/3/18/ PY - 2019/3/18/ DO - 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.10.018 VL - 211 SP - 602-609 SN - 1873-3794 KW - Fibrous materials KW - Realistic modeling KW - Filter media simulation KW - Capillarity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flexible electrolyte-cathode bilayer framework with stabilized interface for room-temperature all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries AU - Zhu, Pei AU - Yan, Chaoyi AU - Zhu, Jiadeng AU - Zang, Jun AU - Jia, Hao AU - Dong, Xia AU - Du, Zhuang AU - Zhang, Chunming AU - Wu, Nianqiang AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Li, Ya T2 - ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS AB - Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are promising next-generation energy storage system beyond state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries because of their low cost and high energy density. However, liquid electrolyte-based LSBs suffer from “polysulfide shuttle”, and safety concerns originated from the use of flammable organic electrolytes and the formation of lithium dendrites. Herein, we report a novel bilayer framework through integrating a three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanofiber/sulfur (CNF/S) cathode with one-dimensional (1D) ceramic Li0.33La0.557TiO3 (LLTO) nanofiber-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solid composite electrolyte to serve as both cathode and electrolyte for room-temperature ASSLSBs. The stabilized cycling performance of this novel bilayer structure design lies in the reduced interfacial resistance and enhanced electrode/electrolyte interfacial stability due to the addition of Li+ conducting 1D LLTO nanofibers, as well as the formed fast-continuous electron/ion transportation pathways within the 3D cathode architecture. Meanwhile, the mechanically robust bilayer framework with micro-/meso-pores could also accommodate the large volume change of sulfur during continuous charge-discharge process and help suppress the Li dendrite formation. As a result of the aforementioned benefits of the novel bilayer structure design, the introduced ASSLSBs could deliver a stable cycling performance at room temperature with high Coulombic efficiency of over 99%. DA - 2019/2// PY - 2019/2// DO - 10.1016/j.ensm.2018.11.009 VL - 17 SP - 220-225 SN - 2405-8297 UR - https://publons.com/publon/9539991/ KW - Composite solid electrolyte KW - All-solid-state batteries KW - Lithium-sulfur batteries KW - Lithium dendrite KW - Room temperature ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structure-property relationships: "Double-tail versus double-flap" ruthenium complex structures for high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells AU - Su, Rui AU - Ashraf, Saba AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed T2 - SOLAR ENERGY AB - Six novel heteroleptic amphiphilic polypyridyl Ruthenium (II) complexes, coded FS01-FS06, with hetero-aromatic electron-donor ancillary ligands containing julolidine-derived moieties were synthesized to investigate the relationship between structure modulations of electron donors of Ru(II) dyes and their photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These modulations include: Ru(II) complexes with double “tails” (i.e. tetramethyl groups attached to the end of julolidine-based antennas, FS04) compared to the ones without double “tails” (FS01); complexes with double small “flaps” (i.e. small acyclic electron donor auxochromes ortho to the CH = CH bridge of stilbazole, FS02, FS05) compared to the ones with double large “flaps” (FS03, FS06). Their low energy metal-to-ligand charge transfers (MLCT) band and molar absorptivities were all better than those of the benchmark, N719. It was also shown that the incorporation of double “flaps” into the ancillary ligands caused a slight red shift of light absorption. The photovoltaic properties were evaluated under 1.5 AM standard illumination condition and compared to N719. The highest photocurrent density (JSC) was observed for the complex with double “tails” and double small “flaps” (FS05). The overall conversion efficiency for devices employing julolidine-derived Ru (II) complexes was in the following order FS05 > FS02 > FS04 > FS01 > FS06 > FS03. FS05 (8.16%) outperformed the benchmark N719 (7.75%) in the photovoltaic performance, which is due to its best light-harvesting ability, highest molar extinction coefficient and smallest energy band gap among all the six dyes. To probe the interrelationship among julolidine-based electron donors of ancillary ligands, photocurrent and photovoltage of these dyes, the equilibrium molecular geometries of the ancillary ligands were calculated using DFT. The equilibrium molecular geometries of these dyes the photocurrent and photovoltage are dependent on the donating effect of alkyloxy auxochromes, the steric effect generated from the auxochromes and julolidine moieties, and the orientation of longer alkyloxy group. The introduction of double “tails” resulted in less dye aggregation and higher charge recombination resistance, leading to higher photocurrents and photovoltages in the solar cell performances. Despite of the donating effect of alkyloxy groups, the bulky double “flaps” mainly jammed the hole transportation between the redox couple of the electrolyte and the HOMO of thiocyanate groups (−NCS), translating into the decrease of photocurrent. DA - 2019/1/1/ PY - 2019/1/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.solener.2018.11.038 VL - 177 SP - 724-736 SN - 0038-092X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85057598963&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - DSSC KW - Ru(II) sensitizer KW - Julolidine KW - Photocurrent & photovoltage KW - Charge transfer blocking ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pretreatment effects on pigment-based textile inkjet printing - colour gamut and crockfastness properties AU - Ding, Yi AU - Shamey, Renzo AU - Chapman, Lisa Parillo AU - Freeman, Harold S. T2 - COLORATION TECHNOLOGY AB - The application of two commercial pretreatment agents, formulated to improve the performance of a six‐colour nano‐scale pigment ink set during the textile inkjet printing of cotton and polyester ( PET ) fabrics, was examined. An industrial scale printer, operating at 55 linear m/h and equipped with Kyocera printheads, was used to print on commercial fabrics (180 cm wide) prepared for digital printing. The work employed an industrial scale rather than a benchtop printer to enhance the utility of the results for a commercial environment. The colorimetric attributes of printed fabrics were recorded for the individual inks as well as for spot colour combinations generated using Dr. Wirth RIPM aster v11 software. Colour table profiles were also generated and the colorimetric values of inks were compared. Colour gamuts of inks on cotton and PET , including three‐dimensional volumes in the CIELab space, were examined to assess the role of pretreatment on the colorimetric properties of the printed substrates. It was found that the pretreatments enhanced the ink receptiveness, colour intensity and colour gamut of fabrics. Pretreatment of cotton resulted in a larger gamut and more vivid colours than on PET. However, wet and dry crockfastness results were found to be low. In this regard, Time‐of‐Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry analysis of fabrics printed in the presence and absence of pretreatment indicated that the low crockfastness arises from higher pigment levels on the surface of the pretreated fabric. DA - 2019/2// PY - 2019/2// DO - 10.1111/cote.12377 VL - 135 IS - 1 SP - 77-86 SN - 1478-4408 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unique thermo-responsivity and tunable optical performance of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-cellulose nanocrystal hydrogel films AU - Sun, Xiaohang AU - Tyagi, Preeti AU - Agate, Sachin AU - Lucia, Lucian AU - McCord, Marian AU - Pal, Lokendra T2 - CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS AB - A hybrid materials system to modulate lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and moisture content for thermo-responsivity and optical tunability was strategically developed by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogel matrix. The PNIPAm/CNC hydrogel films exhibit tunable optical properties and wavelength bandpass selectivity as characterized by PROBE Spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Importantly, the micro/nano structures of the PNIPAm/CNC hydrogel films were completely different when dried below and above the LCST. Below the LCST, PNIPAm/CNC hydrogel films exhibit transparency or semi-transparency due to the uniform bonding of hydrophilic PNIPAm and CNC through hydrogen bonds. Above the LCST, the hydrogel films engage in both hydrophobic PNIPAm and hydrophilic CNC interactions due to changes in PNIPAm conformation which lead to light scattering effects and hence opacity. Furthermore, the incorporation of CNC induces a ∼ 15 °C reduction of the LCST relative to pure PNIPAm hydrogel films. DA - 2019/3/15/ PY - 2019/3/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.067 VL - 208 SP - 495-503 SN - 1879-1344 KW - Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) KW - Cellulose nanocrystals KW - Hydrogels KW - Thermal responsive KW - Transparency ER - TY - JOUR TI - SnS hollow nanofibers as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries with high capacity and ultra-long cycling stability AU - Jia, Hao AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Sun, Na AU - Chen, Chen AU - Zhu, Pei AU - Yan, Chaoyi AU - Dong, Xia AU - Du, Zhuang AU - Guo, Jiansheng AU - Karaduman, Yekta AU - Wang, Jiasheng AU - Tang, Fangcheng AU - Tao, Jinsong AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS AB - In this study, a novel anode material of SnS hollow nanofibers (SnS HNFs) was rationally synthesized by a facile process and demonstrated to be a promising anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries. The synergetic effect of unique hollow and porous microstructures of SnS HNFs led to high capacity and ultra-long cycling stability. DA - 2019/1/14/ PY - 2019/1/14/ DO - 10.1039/c8cc07332e VL - 55 IS - 4 SP - 505-508 SN - 1364-548X UR - https://publons.com/publon/2973443/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrothermally synthesised NiCoP nanostructures and electrospun N-doped carbon nanofiber as multifunctional potential electrode for hybrid water electrolyser and supercapatteries AU - Surendran, Subramani AU - Shanmugapriya, Sathyanarayanan AU - Zhu, Pei AU - Yan, Chaoyi AU - Vignesh, Ramasamy Hari AU - Lee, Yun Sung AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Selvan, Ramakrishnan Kalai T2 - ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA AB - In this work, a facile single-step hydrothermal technique is used to prepare a spherically concomitant foamy NiCoP as positrode for supercapatteries. Similarly, the nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers are prepared by simple electrospinning technique to use as negatrode. The prepared materials are raptly examined through primary studies for both energy conversion and storage applications. Fascinatingly, NiCoP electrode encourages oxygen evolution reaction, and the carbon nanofiber electrode emboldens hydrogen evolution reaction with the minimum overpotential of 257 mV and 160 mV, respectively. In addition, a supercapattery is designed and operated at a full voltage window of 1.6 V using the fusion of carbon nanofiber as the negatrode and the cutting-edge NiCoP as the positrode, which presents a superior energy (56 Wh kg−1) and an improved power density (5333 W kg−1) with a long cyclic stability (5000 cycles). Finally, the fabricated supercapattery device is used to power the constructed hybrid water electrolyser that requisites a low cell voltage of 1.71 V to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Overall, the prepared electrodes reveal its superiority of handling the multifunctional challenges for both water electrolyzer and supercapatteries. DA - 2019/2/10/ PY - 2019/2/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.078 VL - 296 SP - 1083-1094 SN - 1873-3859 UR - https://publons.com/publon/21201014/ KW - Supercapattery KW - Water electrolyzer KW - Electrospinning KW - Phosphides KW - Carbon nanofiber ER - TY - JOUR TI - Properties and Applications of Vapor Infiltration into Polymeric Substrates AU - Ingram, Wade F. AU - Jur, Jesse S. T2 - JOM DA - 2019/1// PY - 2019/1// DO - 10.1007/s11837-018-3157-9 VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 238-245 SN - 1543-1851 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon-enhanced centrifugally-spun SnSb/carbon microfiber composite as advanced anode material for sodium-ion battery AU - Jia, Hao AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Aksu, Cemile AU - Sun, Na AU - Chen, Chen AU - Zhu, Jiadeng AU - Zhu, Pei AU - Yan, Chaoyi AU - Li, Ya AU - Ge, Yeqian AU - Guo, Jiansheng AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE AB - Antimony tin (SnSb) based materials have become increasingly attractive as a potential anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their prominent merit of high capacity. However, cyclic stability and rate capability of SnSb anodes are currently hindered by their large volume change during repeated cycling, which results in severe capacity fading. Herein, we introduce carbon-coated centrifugally-spun [email protected] microfiber (CMF) composites as high-performance anodes for SIBs that can maintain their structural stability during repeated charge-discharge cycles. The centrifugal spinning method was performed to fabricate [email protected] due to its high speed, low cost, and large-scale fabrication features. More importantly, extra carbon coating by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been demonstrated as an effective method to improve the capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency of the [email protected] anode. Electrochemical test results indicated that the as-prepared [email protected]@C anode could deliver a large reversible capacity of 798 mA h∙g−1 at the 20th cycle as well as a high capacity retention of 86.8% and excellent Coulombic efficiency of 98.1% at the 100th cycle. It is, therefore, demonstrated that [email protected]@C composite is a promising anode material candidate for future high-performance SIBs. DA - 2019/2/15/ PY - 2019/2/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.101 VL - 536 SP - 655-663 SN - 1095-7103 UR - https://publons.com/publon/26924626/ KW - Energy storage KW - Sodium-ion battery KW - Carbon microfibers KW - Antimony tin KW - Composite KW - Centrifugal spinning KW - CVD coating KW - Anode KW - Cycling stability KW - Capacity KW - Rate capability KW - Coulombic efficiency ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent progress in polymer materials for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries AU - Zhu, Jiadeng AU - Zhu, Pei AU - Yan, Chaoyi AU - Dong, Xia AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - Progress in Polymer Science AB - Polymers play essential roles in the research and development of rechargeable batteries, especially, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries which have been considered as a promising candidate of the next-generation power supply mainly because of their high theoretical energy density (up to five-fold compared to state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries). However, practical applications of Li-S batteries are mainly hindered by the insulating nature of sulfur and its intermediates, the polysulfide shuttle effect, and the formation and growth of lithium dendrites. Polymer materials play an important role in addressing these issues of Li-S batteries and their structures and functionalities can be manipulated to control the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries (e.g., cylability, rate capability, lifespan, etc.). In this review, we concentrate on the recent development of various polymer materials for Li-S batteries. It starts with a brief introduction of the Li-S battery followed by its fundamental electrochemistry and challenges. Significant attention is then paid to the applications of various polymers in each component of Li-S batteries with a focus on the mechanisms behind their operation which are presented and further discussed from five perspectives: i) polymers in cathodes, ii) polymer electrolytes, iii) polymer interlayers, iv) polymer separators, and v) polymers for the lithium metal anode protection. The aim is to present a detailed review of the critical aspects related to the functional polymers that can be used as important resources for researchers working in a diverse range of fields dealing with Li-S batteries. Finally, conclusions and perspectives are presented. DA - 2019/3// PY - 2019/3// DO - 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.12.002 VL - 90 SP - 118-163 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.12.002 KW - Polymers KW - Lithium-sulfur batteries KW - Cathodes KW - Electrolytes KW - Interlayers/separators KW - Lithium metal ER - TY - JOUR TI - Photodegradation of copolyester films: A mechanistic study AU - Arangdad, Kiarash AU - Detwiler, Andrew AU - Cleven, Curtis D. AU - Burk, Christopher AU - Shamey, Renzo AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A. AU - Freeman, Harold AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - ABSTRACT The photodegradation of copolyesters based on 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), tetramethyl‐1,3‐cyclobutanediol, and terephthalic acid units was investigated using various analytical methods. Photodegradation products were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and X‐ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The homolytic scission of C‐O bonds of ester groups through a Norrish Type I reaction was supported by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and LC–MS results, while nuclear magnetic resonance analysis confirmed hydrogen abstraction from the tertiary carbon of CHDM units in the trans ( equatorial‐equatorial ) conformation. Chain scission through Norrish Type II reaction is also responsible for the formation of carboxylic acid end group. Fluorescence emission from irradiated glycol modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) films demonstrated the formation of mono‐ and dihydroxyterephthalate species. Furthermore, FTIR and XPS valence band analysis confirmed configurational changes, in the polymer chain due to photodegradation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47148. DA - 2019/3/10/ PY - 2019/3/10/ DO - 10.1002/APP.47148 VL - 136 IS - 10 SP - 47148 SN - 0021-8995 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/APP.47148 KW - conformation KW - copolyesters KW - chain scission KW - diol KW - Norrish Type I KW - Norrish Type II KW - photodegradation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Composite solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Yan, Chaoyi AU - Zhu, Pei AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports AB - Compared to currently used liquid-electrolyte lithium batteries, all-solid-state lithium batteries are safer and possess longer cycle life and have less requirements on packaging and state-of-charge monitoring circuits. Among various types of solid electrolytes, composite solid electrolytes, which are composed of active or passive inorganic fillers and polymer matrices, have been considered as promising electrolyte candidates for all-solid-state lithium batteries. Incorporation of inorganic fillers into the polymer matrices has been demonstrated as an effective method to achieve high ionic conductivity and excellent interfacial contact with the electrodes. In this review article, we first summarize the historical development of composite solid electrolytes. Contribution of both inert inorganic fillers and active Li-ion conductors to the ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and mechanical properties of the composite solid electrolytes are elaborated. Possible mechanisms of conductivity enhancement by inorganic fillers are broadly discussed. Examples of different composite solid electrolyte design concepts, such as inorganic nanoparticle/polymer, inorganic nanofiber/polymer, and other inorganic/polymer composite solid electrolytes, are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Inorganic filler/polymer composite solid electrolytes studied for use in various Li battery systems including Li-ion, Li-sulfur, and Li-metal batteries are evaluated. Promising designs of composite solid electrolytes and cathode materials used in all-solid-state Li batteries are also introduced. Finally, future perspectives on current requirements of composite solid electrolyte technologies are highlighted. DA - 2019/4// PY - 2019/4// DO - 10.1016/j.mser.2018.10.004 VL - 136 SP - 27-46 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2018.10.004 KW - All-solid-state lithium battery KW - Composite solid electrolyte KW - Inorganic filler KW - Ionic conductivity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Toward Fully Manufacturable, Fiber Assembly–Based Concurrent Multimodal and Multifunctional Sensors for e‐Textiles AU - Kapoor, Ashish AU - McKnight, Michael AU - Chatterjee, Kony AU - Agcayazi, Talha AU - Kausche, Hannah AU - Bozkurt, Alper AU - Ghosh, Tushar K. T2 - Advanced Materials Technologies AB - Abstract Soft polymer‐based sensors as an integral part of textile structures have attracted considerable scientific and commercial interest recently because of their potential use in healthcare, security systems, and other areas. While electronic sensing functionalities can be incorporated into textiles at one or more of the hierarchical levels of molecules, fibers, yarns, or fabrics, arguably a more practical and inconspicuous means to introduce the desired electrical characteristics is at the fiber level, using processes that are compatible to textiles. Here, a prototype multimodal and multifunctional sensor array formed within a woven fabric structure using bicomponent fibers with ordered insulating and conducting segments is reported. The multifunctional characteristics of the sensors are successfully demonstrated by measuring tactile, tensile, and shear deformations, as well as wetness and biopotential. While the unobtrusive integration of sensing capabilities offers possibilities to preserve all desirable textile qualities, this scaled‐up fiber‐based approach demonstrates the potential for scalable and facile manufacturability of practical e‐textile products using low‐cost roll‐to‐roll processing of large‐area flexible sensor systems and can be remarkably effective in advancing the field of e‐textiles. DA - 2019/1// PY - 2019/1// DO - 10.1002/admt.201800281 VL - 4 IS - 1 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201800281 KW - bicomponent fibers KW - e-textiles KW - fiber-based sensors KW - flexible electronics KW - wearable sensors ER -