TY - CONF TI - Fiber Re-orientation in Nonwoven Structures AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Tanaka, S. T2 - Fiber Society C2 - 1997/// CY - Mulhouse, France DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/4/21/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Determining Fiber Orientation in Nonwoven Structures AU - Tanaka, S. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Fiber Society C2 - 1997/// CY - Mulhouse, France DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/4/21/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Computer control of batchwise dyeing of reactive dyes on cotton AU - Shamey, MR AU - Nobbs, JH AU - amp, AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS AU - COLORISTS T2 - Aatcc 1997 International Conference & Exhibition - Book of Papers DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// SP - 279-287 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Computer control of batchwise dyeing of reactive dyes on cotton AU - Shamey, M.R. AU - Nobbs, J.H. T2 - Book of Papers, international conf. And exhibition AATCC, Atlanta, 1997 DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// SP - 279-287 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031465806&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Technology assessment of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for the textile industry AU - Hodge, George L. T2 - ISA Textile Industry Division Symposium - Proceedings DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 2 SP - 25-28 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031347994&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - BOOK TI - Coordination work flows in highly automated manufacturing environments AU - Winchester, S.C. AU - Popdimitrova Singletary, E. AU - Srinivasan Hands, P. AU - Hodge, G.L. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// SE - 123-131 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030771744&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - BOOK TI - Large-scale database design for computer integrated manufacturing in textiles AU - Grady, P.L. AU - Carruthers, M.D. AU - Hodge, G.L. AU - Jasper, W.J. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// SE - 171-196 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030879333&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - An introduction to object-oriented simulation in C++ AU - Joines, Jeffrey A. AU - Roberts, Stephen D. AB - Article Free Access Share on An introduction to object-oriented simulation in C++ Authors: Jeffrey A. Joines Department of Industrial Engineering, Campus Box 7906, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Department of Industrial Engineering, Campus Box 7906, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCView Profile , Stephen D. Roberts Department of Industrial Engineering, Campus Box 7906, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Department of Industrial Engineering, Campus Box 7906, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCView Profile Authors Info & Claims WSC '97: Proceedings of the 29th conference on Winter simulationDecember 1997Pages 78–85https://doi.org/10.1145/268437.268453Published:01 December 1997Publication History 7citation297DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads297Last 12 Months13Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings of the 29th conference on Winter simulation - WSC '97 DA - 1997/// DO - 10.1145/268437.268453 PB - ACM Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Empirical Investigation of the Benefits of Partial Lamarckianism AU - Houck, Christopher R. AU - Joines, Jeffery A. AU - Kay, Michael G. AU - Wilson, James R. T2 - Evolutionary Computation AB - Genetic algorithms (GAs) are very efficient at exploring the entire search space; however, they are relatively poor at finding the precise local optimal solution in the region in which the algorithm converges. Hybrid GAs are the combination of improvement procedures, which are good at finding local optima, and GAs. There are two basic strategies for using hybrid GAs. In the first, Lamarckian learning, the genetic representation is updated to match the solution found by the improvement procedure. In the second, Baldwinian learning, improvement procedures are used to change the fitness landscape, but the solution that is found is not encoded back into the genetic string. This paper examines the issue of using partial Lamarckianism (i.e., the updating of the genetic representation for only a percentage of the individuals), as compared to pure Lamarckian and pure Baldwinian learning in hybrid GAs. Multiple instances of five bounded nonlinear problems, the location-allocation problem, and the cell formation problem were used as test problems in an empirical investigation. Neither a pure Lamarckian nor a pure Baldwinian search strategy was found to consistently lead to quicker convergence of the GA to the best known solution for the series of test problems. Based on a minimax criterion (i.e., minimizing the worst case performance across all test problem instances), the 20% and 40% partial Lamarckianism search strategies yielded the best mixture of solution quality and computational efficiency. DA - 1997/3// PY - 1997/3// DO - 10.1162/evco.1997.5.1.31 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 31-60 KW - Lamarckian evolution KW - Baldwin effect KW - local improvement procedures KW - hybrid genetic algorithms ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intrinsic graft failure 19 years post-implantation AU - POURDEYHIMI, BEHNAM AU - Nunn, D. B T2 - Cardiovascular Surgery AB - Intrinsic failure of a knitted Dacron aortic bifurcation graft 19 years after implantation is reported. Failure was due to inability of the dilated and deteriorated left graft limb to hold anastomotic sutures. Numerous transverse cracks and breaks were detected in the Dacron filaments, in addition to small holes throughout the fabric structure, and a severe reduction in the yarn's tensile strength. Criteria are defined for establishing a correct diagnosis, and causative factors, incidence, and clinical management are discussed. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1016/s0967-2109(97)00028-8 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 333–338 ER - TY - CONF TI - Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using engineered textile structures AU - Moutos, F. T. AU - Gupta, B. S. A2 - J. D. Bumgardner, A2 - Puckett, A. D. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings of the 1997 16th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference : 4-6 April 1997, Broadwater Beach Resort and Hotel, Biloxi, Mississippi, USA DA - 1997/// SP - 131-134 PB - Piscataway, NJ: IEEE SN - 9780780338692 ER - TY - CONF TI - Work flow coordination in highly automated manufacturing AU - Winchester, S. AU - E. Singletary, P. Srinivasan-Hands AU - Hodge, G. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Textiles and the information society: papers presented at the 78th World Conference of the Textile Institute in association with the 5th Textile Symposium of SEVE and SEPVE. DA - 1997/// SP - 23-26 PB - Manchester, England : Textile Institute ER - TY - CHAP TI - Testing road AU - Banks-Lee, P. AU - Pegram, J. T2 - Encyclopedia of chemical technology (4th ed.) A2 - J. I. Kroschwitz, A2 - Howe-Grant, M. PY - 1997/// VL - 23 PB - New York: Wiley SN - 9780471526919 ER - TY - CONF TI - Large-scale database design for computer integrated manufacturing in textiles AU - Grady, P. AU - Carruthers, M. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Jasper, W. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Textiles and the information society DA - 1997/// SP - 171-196 PB - Manchester, England : Textile Institute ER - TY - JOUR TI - La prothese dialine II: Une nouvelle prothese arterielle en polyester a tricot chaine impregnee de collagene AU - Marois, Y. AU - Guidoin, R. AU - Deng, X. AU - King, M.W. AU - Martin, L. AU - Roy, R. T2 - Annales de Chirurgie Vasculaire DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 11 SP - 133-140 ER - TY - CONF TI - Yarn tensile testing AU - Lee, E-K. AU - Ina Bauer-Kurz, AU - Oxenham, W. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Proceedings : November 6 - 7, 1997, Raleigh, North Carolina DA - 1997/// SP - 183-209 PB - Raleigh, NC : Cotton Incorporated ER - TY - CONF TI - University textile research in the information age AU - Buchanan, D. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Textiles and the information society : papers presented at the 78th World Conference of the Textile Institute in association with the 5th Textile Symposium of SEVE and SEPVE DA - 1997/// PB - Manchester, England : Textile Institute ER - TY - JOUR TI - The dialine II graft: A new collagen-impregnated warp-knitted polyester arterial prosthesis AU - Marois, Y AU - Guidoin, R AU - Deng, XY AU - King, MW AU - Martin, L AU - Roy, R T2 - ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY AB - The Dialine graft, a new prototype of knitted vascular prosthesis that uses a different brand of polyester fibers as an alternative to Dacron fibers, has been shown to offer excellent in vitro physical performance and in vivo healing. Although it still requires preclotting, the Dialine prosthesis was made impervious by impregnation of bovine type I collagen cross-linked with vapors of formalin. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the in vitro physical characteristics of the Dialine II graft with those of the collagen-impregnated Hemashield graft. In addition, we studied the healing performance as a thoracoabdominal bypass in dogs for prescheduled periods of implantation ranging from 4 hours to 6 months. In vitro, the bursting strength, resistance to dilatation, and suture retention strength properties of the Dialine II prosthesis were all shown to exceed those of the Hemashield control graft. In the first weeks after implantation, the Dialine II grafts induced a discrete inflammatory response, as shown by the constant leukocyte counts observed both before implantation and when the animals were killed, as well as by the histologic observation of a few inflammatory cells in contact with the collagen. Consequently, the Dialine II grafts showed a slow rate of bioresorption of cross-linked collagen. At 1 month, a thin internal collagenous capsule was present at both anastomoses, laying over the original collagen coating. At 3 and 6 months, areas of thrombotic deposits and endothelialized areas were observed on the luminal surface. Because results of early clinical trials have been highly satisfactory, this prosthesis may be recommended for use without restriction as a medium- and large-diameter blood conduit. The Dialine graft, a new prototype of knitted vascular prosthesis that uses a different brand of polyester fibers as an alternative to Dacron fibers, has been shown to offer excellent in vitro physical performance and in vivo healing. Although it still requires preclotting, the Dialine prosthesis was made impervious by impregnation of bovine type I collagen cross-linked with vapors of formalin. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the in vitro physical characteristics of the Dialine II graft with those of the collagen-impregnated Hemashield graft. In addition, we studied the healing performance as a thoracoabdominal bypass in dogs for prescheduled periods of implantation ranging from 4 hours to 6 months. In vitro, the bursting strength, resistance to dilatation, and suture retention strength properties of the Dialine II prosthesis were all shown to exceed those of the Hemashield control graft. In the first weeks after implantation, the Dialine II grafts induced a discrete inflammatory response, as shown by the constant leukocyte counts observed both before implantation and when the animals were killed, as well as by the histologic observation of a few inflammatory cells in contact with the collagen. Consequently, the Dialine II grafts showed a slow rate of bioresorption of cross-linked collagen. At 1 month, a thin internal collagenous capsule was present at both anastomoses, laying over the original collagen coating. At 3 and 6 months, areas of thrombotic deposits and endothelialized areas were observed on the luminal surface. Because results of early clinical trials have been highly satisfactory, this prosthesis may be recommended for use without restriction as a medium- and large-diameter blood conduit. DA - 1997/3// PY - 1997/3// DO - 10.1007/s100169900023 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 133-140 SN - 1615-5947 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optoelectronic devices: Their use in textile testing and yarn and fabric production AU - Gayler, J. AU - Titus, K.J. T2 - Textile Horizons (London, England) DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 12 SP - 16-20 ER - TY - CONF TI - Blood borne hazards protective apparel with reasonable comfort AU - Barker, R. AU - Tucker, P.A. AU - McCord, M.G. AU - Shalev, I. AU - Wilderson-Barnes, R. A2 - J. O. Stull, A2 - Schwope, A. D. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Performance of protective clothing DA - 1997/// PB - West Conshohocken, PA : ASTM SN - 9780803124028 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel composite for bone replacement AU - Spence, ML AU - McCord, MG T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 16TH SOUTHERN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING CONFERENCE AB - In some cases of bone damage it becomes necessary to replace, recontour, and assist in the healing of the bone. Many materials have been proposed as useful replacements but none have been proven to be ideal. Resorbable polymers have been investigated but lack the desired strength as they degrade. Therefore, bone mineral, or hydroxyapatite, has been combined with polymers to provide additional strength and add osteoconductive properties. This research involves a mineral-filled polymer composite composed of chitosan and hydroxyapatite investigated as a resorbable bone replacement material. In vitro mechanical testing was conducted to evaluate its suitability for application. Three-point bending and double shear tests were performed. The suitability of this composite can not be conclusively determined without further investigation. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1109/sbec.1997.583277 SP - 257-259 SN - 1086-4105 ER - TY - CONF TI - Protective textile particulate penetration screening AU - Barker, R. AU - Shalev, I. AU - McCord, M. AU - Tucker, P.A. AU - Lisk, B.R. A2 - J. O. Stull, A2 - Schwope, A. D. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Performance of protective clothing. Sixth volume DA - 1997/// DO - 10.1520/stp14442s PB - West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM SN - 9780803124028 ER - TY - CONF TI - On line monitoring of reactive batch dyeing exhaustion and hydrolysis by FIA-HPLC AU - Smith, B. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Book of Papers, American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. International Conference & Exhibition DA - 1997/// SP - 307 ER - TY - CONF TI - Novel sweating hot plate for simulating the thermoregulatory behavior of human skin AU - Millsaps, D.S. AU - Hamouda, H. AU - Barker, R.L. A2 - J. O. Stull, A2 - Schwope, A. D. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Performance of protective clothing. Sixth volume DA - 1997/// VL - 6 PB - West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM SN - 9780803124028 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Crystal Morphology, Biosynthesis, and Physical Assembly of Cellulose, Chitin, and Chitosan AU - Salmon, Sonja AU - Hudson, Samuel T2 - Polymer Reviews AB - Abstract Cellulose and its chemical analogs chitin and chitosan are abundant and technologically important fibrous polysaccharides. Cellulose and chitin are, respectively, the first [1] and second [2] most abundant natural polysaccharides. Chitosan, though less prevalent in nature, is a useful and easily accessible derivative of chitin. All three polymers are biodegradable, renewable resources with versatile chemical and physical properties. As such, they are the subject of active scientific and commercial scrutiny. DA - 1997/5/1/ PY - 1997/5/1/ DO - 10.1080/15321799708018366 VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 199-276 J2 - Polymer Revs. LA - en OP - SN - 1558-3724 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15321799708018366 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Aerosol barrier efficiency test method for wide range of fabrics AU - Lisk, B. AU - Barker, R.L. AU - McCord, M.G. AU - Shalev, I. AU - Tucker, P.A. A2 - J. O. Stull, A2 - Schwope, A. D. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Performance of protective clothing. Sixth volume DA - 1997/// PB - West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM SN - 9780803124028 ER - TY - CONF TI - Thermal bonding of needlepunched nonwovens using IR AU - Timble, N.B. AU - Shiffler, D.A. AU - Batra, S.K. C2 - 1997/// C3 - 1997 Nonwovens Conference: March 17-19, 1997, the Peabody Hotel, Memphis, TN. DA - 1997/// PB - Atlanta, Ga.: TAPPI Press SN - 9780898526868 ER - TY - PAT TI - Saxony carpets having fibers formed of modified polyamide blends AU - Kotek, R. AU - Matthies, H. G. C2 - 1997/// DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Process for melt-spinning fibers from modified polyamide blends AU - Kotek, R. AU - Matthies, H. G. C2 - 1997/// DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Nonwovens cooperative reserach center: A resource for research and development AU - Batra, S.K. AU - Blackburn, W.A. C2 - 1997/// C3 - 1997 TAPPI Minimum Effluent Mills Symposium: proceedings. San Francisco, CA, October 23-24, 1997 DA - 1997/// PB - Atlanta, GA: TAPPI Press SN - 9780898527070 ER - TY - PAT TI - Fiber-forming modified polyamide blends AU - Kotek, R. AU - Matthies, H. G. C2 - 1997/// DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel apparatus for measuring the penetration of chemical vapors through air permeable materials AU - Rajagopalan, K AU - McCord, MG AU - Barker, RL T2 - PERFORMANCE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, 6TH VOLUME DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1520/stp19889s VL - 1273 SP - 16-25 SN - 1071-5827 KW - protective KW - clothing KW - testing KW - air permeable KW - penetration KW - permeation KW - vapor KW - gas KW - chemical KW - barrier KW - workwear ER - TY - CONF TI - Workflow coordination in highly automated manufacturing environments AU - Winchester, S. AU - Singletary, E. AU - Srinivasan-Hands, P. AU - Hodge, G. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Textiles and the information society: papers presented at the 78th World Conference of the Textile Institute in association with the 5th Textile Symposium of SEVE and SEPVE DA - 1997/// VL - II SP - 51-66 PB - Manchester: The Institute ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polyester arterial prostheses - Recent developments from the Czech Republic and Poland AU - Guidoin, R. AU - KING, Martin W. AU - Marois, Y. AU - Ukpabi, P. AU - Deng, X. AU - Zhang, Z. AU - Yang, C. AU - Badour, B. AU - Laroche, G. AU - Martin, L. AU - al. T2 - ASAIO JOURNAL AB - To evaluate recent developments in the design and production of polyester vascular prostheses in eastern Europe, a series of in vitro physical and chemical tests and an in vivo study was performed on three new prototype devices from the Czech Republic and one from Poland. The in vitro results for these four prostheses, referred to as the Ra-1n (warp knitted, uncrimped), Ra-1v (warp knitted, crimped), Mikrofroté (weft knitted, uncrimped), and Dallon (warp knitted, crimped) prostheses, were compared against values for three commercial devices of western origin, namely the Triaxial, the Vasculour II, and the Cooley II grafts. The animal trial involved implanting the four prototype devices as a thoracoabdominal bypass in dogs for eight different periods ranging from 4 hrs to 6 months and undertaking histologic and structural investigations on the retrieved grafts. Because of its poor long-term dimensional stability in vivo, the continued use of a weft knitted structure, like the Mikrofroté prosthesis, is to be deprecated. Conversely, the introduction of a more dimensionally stable warp knitted structure in three prototypes is to be acknowledged. However, the presence of surface contaminants was most likely responsible for the excessive inflammatory reaction generated by all four prostheses during the first month in vivo, which resulted in delayed healing performance. In addition, an unusually high surface carbon-oxygen ratio suggests that the crimping process needs further refinement. Improved cleaning and packaging procedures are essential before these products can complete against existing commercial prostheses of western origin. In conclusion, these new developments illustrate that the technology of warp knitting, which is now spreading worldwide, should be evaluated. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1097/00002480-199701000-00013 VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 69-83 SN - 1058-2916 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrically conducting polyester fabrics for use as biomaterials: Chemico-physical and electrical properties AU - Zhang, Z. AU - Lian, A. AU - KING, Martin W. AU - Laroche, G. AU - Dao, L.H. AU - Guidoin, R. T2 - ASAIO Journal AB - Zhang, Z.; Lian, A.; King, M. W.; Laroche, G.; Dao, L. H.; Guidoin, R. Author Information DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1097/00002480-199703000-00037 VL - 43 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A capillary method to measure water transmission through polyurethane membranes AU - Yang, MJ AU - Deng, XY AU - Laroche, G AU - Hahn, C AU - King, MW AU - Guidoin, RG T2 - ASAIO JOURNAL AB - A capillary method has been developed to measure the rate of water transmission through polyurethane membranes prepared for use as ventricles in artificial hearts. The system consisted primarily of a leak-proof sample chamber containing the water, a glass capillary flow meter, and a receiver compartment with continuous dry air ventilation. The capillary flow meter monitored the volume of water loss in the sample chamber. The rate of water transmission through the test membrane was found to be proportional to the water loss in the sample chamber, and dependent on the membrane thickness. For thicknesses from 0.09 mm to 0.34 mm, water vapor transmission rates ranged from 7.53 x 10(-8) to 2.76 x 10(-8) mol/s cm2, respectively. Although the concentration of water vapor in the receiver compartment did affect the rate of water vapor transmission through the membrane, within the pressure range 50-200 mmHg, there was very little effect. These findings suggest that water transmission through a polyurethane membrane is dominated by a diffusion process rather than by bulk convection. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1097/00002480-199711000-00008 VL - 43 IS - 6 SP - 890-896 SN - 1058-2916 ER - TY - CONF TI - System for automated analysis of carpet dyebaths AU - Tincher, W. C. AU - Li, S. AU - White, B. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Book of papers: 1997 International Conference & Exhibition, September 28-October 1, Marriott Marquis/Inforum, Atlanta, Ga. DA - 1997/// SP - 211-219 PB - Research Triangle Park, NC: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists ER - TY - CONF TI - Solvent and ultrasonic alternatives to perchloroethylene dry cleaning of textiles AU - McCall, R.E. AU - Mock, G.N. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Book of papers: 1997 International Conference & Exhibition, September 28-October 1, Marriott Marquis/Inforum, Atlanta, Ga DA - 1997/// SP - 150-167 PB - Research Triangle Park, N.C.: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists ER - TY - CONF TI - Development of continuous carpet dyeing AU - Mock, G.N. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Book of papers: 1997 International Conference & Exhibition, September 28-October 1, Marriott Marquis/Inforum, Atlanta, Ga DA - 1997/// SP - 123-132 PB - Research Triangle Park, N.C.: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists ER - TY - CHAP TI - Computational chemistry applied to synthetic dyes AU - Freeman, H.S. AU - Lye, J. AU - Hinks, D. T2 - Computational chemistry and chemical engineering: proceedings of the Third UNAM-CRAY Supercomputing Conference: Universidad Nacional Auto?noma de Me?xico, 13-16 August 1996 PY - 1997/// PB - River Edge, NJ: World Scientific SN - 9789810232207 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bloodborne hazard protective apparel with reasonable comfort AU - Barnes, CR AU - McCord, MG AU - Tucker, PA AU - Barker, RL AU - Shalev, I AU - Zingelmann, JL T2 - PERFORMANCE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, 6TH VOLUME DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1520/stp19902s VL - 1273 SP - 176-189 SN - 1071-5827 KW - protective clothing KW - barrier fabrics KW - bloodborne pathogens KW - surgical gowns KW - viral penetration KW - medical textiles ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polyelectrolyte conductivity AU - Colby, RH AU - Boris, DC AU - Krause, WE AU - Tan, JS T2 - JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS AB - Using the de Gennes scaling model for the configuration of a polyelectrolyte chain in semidilute solution, we construct a simple model of AC conductivity for semidilute solutions of strongly charged polyelectrolytes without added salt. We compare the predictions of this model with literature data and new data on two polyelectrolytes with very different affinities for water. The sodium salt of sulfonated polystyrene in water is a hydrophobic polyelectrolyte (the uncharged monomer does not dissolve in water), where the chain is locally collapsed. The sodium salt of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate), is a much more hydrophilic polyelectrolyte, making the chain quite expanded locally. The model describes the conductivity of both cases reasonably for concentrations below 10−2 M (mol of monomer per liter). Deviations between experiment and theory at higher concentrations lead us to conclude that counterion condensation decreases as concentration is increased. This is qualitatively consistent with the experimental observation that the dielectric constant of the polyelectrolyte solution increases as polyelectrolyte is added. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2951–2960, 1997 DA - 1997/12// PY - 1997/12// DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(199712)35:17<2951::AID-POLB18>3.0.CO;2-6 VL - 35 IS - 17 SP - 2951-2960 SN - 0887-6266 KW - charge density KW - counterion condensation KW - polyion polarizability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measuring fiber orientation in nonwovens .4. Flow field analysis AU - Pourdeyhimi, B AU - Dent, R T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - This paper addresses the development of the image analysis technique of flow field analysis to evaluate local orientation in a fibrous assembly. The algorithms are evaluated using simulated images presented in Part I of the series. The results are compared with those from the tracking and Fourier methods presented in Parts II and III. DA - 1997/3// PY - 1997/3// DO - 10.1177/004051759706700304 VL - 67 IS - 3 SP - 181-187 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measuring fiber orientation in nonwovens .3. Fourier transform AU - Pourdeyhimi, B AU - Dent, R AU - Davis, H T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - This paper addresses the development of an image analysis technique using the Fourier transform of the image to evaluate orientation in a fibrous assembly. The algorithms are evaluated using simulated images presented in Part I of the series. The results are compared with those for the tracking method presented in Part II. DA - 1997/2// PY - 1997/2// DO - 10.1177/004051759706700211 VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 143-151 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 75 years of change in dyeing and finishing, reprint of TCC article AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - Colourage Annual DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// SP - 47-57 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 75 years of change in dyeing and finishing (1921-1996) AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 29 IS - 5 SP - 29-36 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Computer integrated manufacturing and total quality management in textiles AU - Sigmon, D. AU - Grady, P. T2 - Textile Progress DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 27 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis for dyes over a wide concentration range for possible application to online measurement AU - Li, S. AU - White, B. AU - Tincher, W. C. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 19 IS - 12 SP - 44-49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vascugraft(R) polyurethane arterial prosthesis as femoro-popliteal and femoro-peroneal bypasses in humans: Pathological, structural and chemical analyses of four excised grafts AU - Zhang, Z AU - Marois, Y AU - Guidoin, RG AU - Bull, P AU - Marois, M AU - How, T AU - Laroche, G AU - King, MW T2 - BIOMATERIALS AB - Following positive results obtained in in vitro studies and in vivo implantations in animals, a clinical trial using the Vascugraft polyurethane arterial prosthesis as a below-knee substitute was undertaken in 15 patients. Eight grafts became occluded during the first year, and segments from four of them were explanted and made available for pathological, structural and chemical investigations. The implantation periods ranged from 21 to 358 days. Failures were associated with kinking (one case), possible anastomotic mismatch between the graft and the artery (one case), and poor run-off (two cases). No organized collagenous internal encapsulation was noted; however, endothelial-like cells were observed at the anastomotic site of one graft. No significant structural degradation of the prostheses was observed in those grafts implanted for 21, 38 and 46 days. Some deteriorations in the fibrous structure were observed on the external surface of the prosthesis implanted for 358 days. High-resolution carbon C1s analysis by ESCA demonstrated a 60 to 80% decrease in carbonate content on the surface of all explanted prostheses. Chemical analyses of each polyurethane graft by IR, SEC and DSC revealed no significant chemical changes. The clinical performance of the Vascugraft prosthesis for below-knee implantation proved to be no more impressive than that of expanded polytetrafluorethylene, the currently accepted reference. The decision by B. Braun Melsungen AG to end this program is therefore to be regarded as highly professional. DA - 1997/1// PY - 1997/1// DO - 10.1016/S0142-9612(96)00054-3 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 113-124 SN - 0142-9612 KW - vascular prostheses KW - human implantation KW - Vascugraft(R) KW - polyurethane KW - chemical characterizations ER - TY - JOUR TI - Shelf-life of bioprosthetic heart valves: A structural and mechanical study AU - Julien, M AU - Letouneau, DR AU - Marois, Y AU - Cardou, A AU - King, MW AU - Guidoin, R AU - Chachra, D AU - Lee, JM T2 - BIOMATERIALS AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of storage conditions on the shelf-life of porcine bioprosthetic valves. Fifty-five unimplanted porcine bioprostheses have been evaluated. The valves were stored in 0.5% buffered glutaraldehyde solution for different periods of time (7, 23 and 32 months). Twenty-eight valves were refrigerated while the remaining valves were stored at room temperature. The pH of the glutaraldehyde solution at room temperature decreased with time of storage, while that kept in the refrigerator remained stable over the course of the study. Macroscopic observations showed that the valve tissues kept at room temperature, especially for the periods of 23 and 32 months, became darker and more yellow in colour, whereas the refrigerated specimens exhibited no such changes in appearance. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed no noticeable differences on the surfaces of the leaflets stored under different conditions. Mechanical tests, including stress-strain response, stress relaxation and fracture behaviour, were carried out. Analysis of variance showed that the storage temperature, but not the length of storage, had a significant effect on some mechanical properties. The stress relaxation at 1000 s (P = 0.05), the ultimate tensile strength (P = 0.01) and the strain at fracture (P = 0.04) were all higher after storage at room temperature compared to the results after refrigeration. No statistically significant changes in the denaturation temperature of the collagen were observed between the different storage conditions. In conclusion, the storage temperature appears to have some influence on the bioprosthetic tissue. The bioprostheses stored under ambient conditions experience changes which may influence their longterm in vivo performance. DA - 1997/4// PY - 1997/4// DO - 10.1016/S0142-9612(96)00155-X VL - 18 IS - 8 SP - 605-612 SN - 1878-5905 KW - bioprostheses KW - bioprosthetic heart valves KW - storage conditions KW - tissue preservation ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro and in vivo studies of a polyester arterial prosthesis with a warp knitted sharkskin structure AU - Mary, C. AU - Marois, Y. AU - KING, Martin W. AU - Hong, T. AU - Laroche, G. AU - Douville, Y. AU - Martin, L. AU - Guidoin, R. T2 - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research AB - The present study was undertaken to assess the performance of a new knitted and gelatin-sealed polyester vascular graft that is believed to have greater dimensional stability than current commercial devices. Samples of the uncrimped, crimped, and sealed prosthesis were submitted to a series of in vitro and in vivo trials. Four commercial polyester knitted devices were included as controls for the in vitro tests, which included measurements of the textile and yarn structure and physical, chemical, and thermal properties of the graft, such as water permeability, dilatation, suture retention strength, melting point, and crystallinity index. The in vivo evaluation involved implanting the prototype device as a canine thoraco—abdominal bypass for periods ranging from 4 h to 1 year and assessing the biocompatibility, biofunctionality, and biostability of the explanted specimens. The warp-knitted structure of the prototype device has a unique sharkskin stitch that confers a superior dilatation resistance and suture retention strength to the prosthesis. The animal trial demonstrated that the gelatin ensures initial hemostasis without preclotting. The gelatin is bioresorbed during the first 2 weeks of implantation, which generates a temporary, moderate, acute inflammatory response. An external capsule of granulomatous tissue and an internal collagen capsule are formed between the first and third month. Analysis of the textile and physical properties of the explanted prostheses confirmed there was neither dilatation nor significant changes in structure or mechanical performance during implantation, thus confirming the biostability of this new prototype device and opening the way for clinical trials. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 35, 459–472, 1997. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19970615)35:4<459::aid-jbm6>3.0.co;2-g VL - 35 SP - 459–472 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Failure mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament prostheses: In vitro wear study AU - Poddevin, N. AU - KING, Martin W. AU - Guidoin, R. G. T2 - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials AB - Previous retrieval studies analyzing the cause of failure of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prostheses identified a wear mechanism. However, the relative importance of yarn on bone compared to yarn on yarn wear has not been clearly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elucidate which type of wear is the dominant cause of clinical failure. A variety of ACL prosthetic structures were exposed to two in vitro tests: one for yarn on yarn and the other for a novel yarn on bone wear test system. The latter included the use of both smooth (uncut) and rough (cut) bone surfaces to simulate the conditions around the condyle and at the exit of the tibial tunnel, respectively. The damaged textile structures were viewed by SEM. The various fiber fracture morphologies were identified and classified for the two types of wear tests; for the smooth and rough bone surfaces; for the braided, knitted, woven, and twisted textile structures; and for the three types of fibers that were included: polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene. The results confirmed that yarn on bone and yarn on yarn wear phenomena are associated with significantly different failure mechanisms. While the more aggressive rough (or cut) bone causes more rapid and intense fiber damage and faster ACL failure than the smooth (uncut) osseous surface, both abradants cause the same type of abrasive wear phenomenon. Differences in failure mechanisms were identified between the different textile structures and the different fiber types. By interpreting the damaged fiber images from clinically failed and retrieved ACL prostheses, we are now able to confirm that the predominant cause of synthetic ACL failure is yarn on bone abrasion. Improvements in future ACL prosthesis designs will only be possible by eliminating or minimizing the effect of this type of abrasive wear. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 38: 370–381, 1997 DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199724)38:4<370::aid-jbm10>3.3.co;2-n VL - 38 SP - 370–381 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acute thrombogenicity of intact and injured natural blood conduits versus synthetic conduits: Neutrophil, platelet and fibrin(ogen) adsorption under various shear rate conditions AU - Merhi, Y. AU - KING, Martin W. AU - Guidoin, R. T2 - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research AB - We investigated the acute thrombogenicity of synthetic arterial prostheses compared to biological arterial surfaces in contact with flowing nonanticoagulated blood. The acute events following blood/surface interactions were quantified using 51Cr-platelet deposition, 111In-neutrophil adhesion, and 125I-fibrin(ogen) adsorption on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) synthetic arterial surfaces (Goretex® and Impra®) and on intact and injured biological arterial surfaces in ex vivo superfusion flow chambers at low (424/sec) and high (3397/sec) shear rates for 5 min at 37°C. The hematological parameters were determined, and surface analysis was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. At low shear rate, the retention on intact arterial surfaces averaged 3.7 ± 0.7 × 106 platelets/cm2, 26.5 ± 4.2 × 103 neutrophils/cm2, and 10.7 ± 2.2 cpm of fibrin(ogen)/cm2; retention remained statistically similar at the high shear rate on both Goretex® and Impra® ePTFE surfaces. In contrast, the deposition of platelets and neutrophils on injured arterial surfaces was significantly higher and increased with shear rate, although the significant increase in fibrin(ogen) adsorption was not influenced by the shear rate. At shear rates characterized by patent and stenosed arteries, ePTFE arterial prostheses demonstrated a low level of thrombogenicity compared to injured arteries. This favorable comparison can be considered as the first requirement for their successful use in arterial substitution. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19970315)34:4<477::aid-jbm8>3.0.co;2-h VL - 34 SP - 477–485 ER - TY - PAT TI - Heather dyed fabric and method of producing same AU - Hauser, P. J. AU - Helfrich, S. G. C2 - 1997/// DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Work flow coordination in highly automated manufacturing AU - Winchester, S. AU - Singletary, E. AU - Srinivasan-Hands, P. AU - Hodge, G. L. C2 - 1997/// C3 - 78th World Conference of the Textile Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece, May 23-26, 1997 DA - 1997/// PB - Manchester, UK: Textile Institute ER - TY - CONF TI - Technology assessment of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for the textile industry AU - Hodge, G. L. C2 - 1997/// C3 - ISA Conference, June 1997, Raleigh, NC DA - 1997/// PB - Research Triangle Park, NC: Instrument Society of America ER - TY - CONF TI - The use of feed-forward profiles in the control of dyeing machinery AU - Shamey, R. AU - Nobbs, J. H. C2 - 1997/// C3 - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, International Conference & Exhibition (AATCC-ICE), 1997 DA - 1997/// SP - 279 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Compilation of MRP II/ERP software vendors for the textile/apparel industry AU - Karpe, Y. S. AU - Hodge, G. T2 - 40th international conference proceedings: Target breakthrough ideas, October 26-29, 1997, Washington, DC CN - TS157 .A1 A47 1997 PY - 1997/// PB - Falls Church, VA: The Society ER - TY - CHAP TI - Ultrasound-aided open-width washing of mercerized 100% cotton twill fabric AU - Rathi, N. H. AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - Book of papers: 1997 International Conference & Exhibition, September 28-October 1, Marriott Marquis/Inforum, Atlanta, Ga CN - TP890.5 .A37 1997 PY - 1997/// SP - 254-262 PB - Research Triangle Park, NC: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists ER - TY - BOOK TI - Fundamentals of dyeing and printing AU - Mock, G. N. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// PB - Raleigh, NC: Campus Press ER - TY - CHAP TI - Dyeing of polyester fibres AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - Dyeing of synthetic fibres PY - 1997/// PB - Bradford, West Yorkshire: Society of Dyers and Colourists ER - TY - JOUR TI - Textile enterprise modeling AU - Hodge, GL T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - Textile companies are striving for an advantage using many different competitive strategies and are often employing more than one strategy at a time. To maximize the potential of incorporating new technologies that include process equipment and information systems, an increased level of understanding of the integrated enterprise is required. This paper reviews the current research efforts relating to enterprise modeling in the textile industry. Discussed are two generic enterprise reference architectures: the Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture and the Open Systems Architecture for CIM (CIMOSA). Areas for research in enterprise modeling in textiles are presented. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1080/00405009708658569 VL - 88 IS - 1 SP - 13-28 SN - 0040-5000 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031439028&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Data requirements for staple spinning AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Rasmovich, J. C2 - 1997/// C3 - Textiles and the information society: Papers presented at the 78th World Conference of the Textile Institute in association with the 5th Textile Symposium of SEVE and SEPVE CN - HD9850.5 .T38 1997 DA - 1997/// PB - Manchester: Textile Institute ER - TY - JOUR TI - Saponification of polyester fiber: optimizing process parameters for denier reduction AU - Hauser, P. J. AU - Etters, J. N. T2 - American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 86 IS - 9 SP - 15-18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A generalized model for predicting load-extension properties of woven fabrics AU - Sun, FN AU - Seyam, AM AU - Gupta, BS T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - A method to predict the load-extension behavior of woven fabrics is proposed. Kawabata et al.'s finite deformation theory, which predicts load-extension properties of plain weave and 2/2 twill fabrics in terms of fabric construction parameters and yarn tensile properties, is the basis for the study. The model is generalized to predict the load-elongation behavior of any weave by introducing a parameter that characterizes the interlacing point distribution pattern of the weave. Using the biaxial and uniaxial strain modes, the load-deformation curves over an entire range of strains can be generated. The model applies to woven structures of different degrees of openness, of which the fabric jamming condition is an extreme case. DA - 1997/12// PY - 1997/12// DO - 10.1177/004051759706701202 VL - 67 IS - 12 SP - 866-874 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular estimates of the moduli of tough, elastic networks formed through end-linking of poly(Dimethyl Siloxane) oligomers AU - Tonelli, A. E. AU - Andrady, A. J. T2 - Computational Polymer Science DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 7 IS - 1997 SP - 103 ER - TY - PAT TI - Iron-complexed formazan dyes for polyamide and protein substrates AU - Freeman, H. S. AU - Sokolowska-Gajda, J. AU - Reife, A. C2 - 1997/// DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Apparatus and method for monitoring predetermined seam characteristics AU - Clapp, T. G. AU - Titus, K. J. AU - Davis, A. B. C2 - 1997/// DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metallographic preparation of aluminum-alumina metal-matrix composites AU - Chidambaram, A AU - Bhole, SD T2 - MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION AB - Microstructures play a very important role in deciding the end properties of an alloy or a composite. Optimized microstructure could be obtained by a careful choice of processing technique and selection of materials. Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) that have been developed significantly over the last five decades possess valuable properties. MMCs can be tailored with myriad of variations to suit for a particular application and hence they belong to a unique class of materials. However, it is important to understand the microstructural aspects to understand the behavior of the component in different environmental and working conditions. This article presents an overview on different microstructural aspects of metal matrix composites. DA - 1997/3// PY - 1997/3// DO - 10.1016/S1044-5803(97)00041-7 VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - 187-191 SN - 1044-5803 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The cooperative binding behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate to crosslinked chitosan films AU - Bae, HS AU - Hudson, SM T2 - JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY AB - The binding behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to cationic chitosan, in the form of a swollen crosslinked film is described. Chitosan films were crosslinked with epichlorohydrin. Binding isotherms were determined potentiometrically. The binding isotherms of the crosslinked chitosan was compared to the binding isotherms of chitosan in free solution. As expected, a more highly cooperative binding phenomena is observed, than for cationic chitosan in free solution. The collapse of the gel occurs at a binding fraction greater than 0.6. The collapsed cationic chitosan/SDS complex is described. The presence of hydrophobic regions within the chitosan-SDS complex was demonstrated with the oleophilic dyes C.I. Disperse Yellow 23 and C.I. Solvent Green 3. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3755–3765, 1997 DA - 1997/12// PY - 1997/12// DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0518(199712)35:17<3755::AID-POLA15>3.0.CO;2-C VL - 35 IS - 17 SP - 3755-3765 SN - 1099-0518 KW - chitosan KW - dodecyl sulfate KW - crosslinked films KW - cooperative binding ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polymer inclusion compounds: Model systems for ordered bulk polymer phases and starting materials for fabricating polymer-polymer molecular composites AU - Tonelli, AE T2 - POLYMER INTERNATIONAL AB - Several small molecules can be cocrystallized with polymers to form inclusion compounds (ICs). Urea, perhydrotriphenylene and the cyclodextrins are examples, and serve to form the host crystalline lattice containing the guest polymer chains in their ICs. The guest polymer chains are confined to narrow, cylindrical channels created by the host, small-molecule lattice, where the polymers are highly extended as a consequence of being squeezed, and are separated from neighbouring polymer chains by the IC channel walls composed exclusively of the small-molecule lattice. The net result is a unique solid-state environment for polymers residing in IC channels, which can be utilized as model systems for ordered, bulk polymer phases. Comparison of the behaviour of polymer chains isolated and extended in IC crystals with the behaviour observed for ordered, bulk phases of polymers is beginning to permit an assessment of contributions made by the inherent, single chain and the cooperative, interchain interactions to the properties of ordered, bulk polymers. It is also possible to release and coalesce polymers from their IC crystals in a manner which leads to their consolidation with a chain-extended morphology. Embedding polymer IC crystals into a carrier polymer, followed by in situ release and coalescence of the included polymers from their IC crystals, offers a means to obtain polymer–polymer composites with unique morphologies. Several such polymer IC-generated composites are described and it is suggested that their unique morphologies might translate into useful, tailorable properties, as well as providing a means for addressing several questions that are fundamental to the behaviour of both phase-separated and homogeneous polymer solids. © 1997 SCI DA - 1997/8// PY - 1997/8// DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0126(199708)43:4<295::AID-PI742>3.0.CO;2-8 VL - 43 IS - 4 SP - 295-309 SN - 0959-8103 KW - polymer inclusion compounds KW - polymer-polymer molecular composites ER - TY - JOUR TI - Low-field trap generation dependence on the injection current density in gate insulators - How valid are accelerated hot electron measurements? AU - Kim, HS AU - Reisman, A AU - Williams, CK T2 - JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY AB - "Continuous" low gate insulator field (1 MV/cm) electron injection in insulated gate field effect transistors using a pulsed injection technique (PIT) was conducted in the dose range 1013 to 1017 e/cm2 over the range of current densities from 1.5 × 10−7 to 3.4 × 10−5 A/cm2. PIT enables independent control of insulator fields and injection current densities, while not causing optically induced shallow trap depopulation. As is generally the case, the threshold voltage shift, ΔVD varies monotonically with dose, and can be modeled using a defect generation power law requiring fewer adjustable parameters than is necessary using a first order trapping model. It was also found that for a given dose the injection current density has a profound effect on the observed magnitude of trap generation. Previously, the total dose and insulator field were thought to be the only determining factors in trap generation. Based on these results, it appears that when the intrinsic defect concentration(s) is to be determined, a very low current density (injection rate) should be used to minimize trap generation effects which would confuse the issue. It is reported also for the first time that the expected in‐use lifetime of the devices, calculated from the injection data, also exhibits a power law dependency on the injection current density. These results raise serious questions about the validity of aggressive injection techniques (such as avalanche injection and Fowler‐Nordheim approaches), of the existence of ultrasmall cross section electron traps based on such methods, and of aggressive accelerated aging conclusions, based on the extrapolation of high injection current density data to end‐of‐life threshold voltage shifts. DA - 1997/7// PY - 1997/7// DO - 10.1149/1.1837847 VL - 144 IS - 7 SP - 2517-2521 SN - 0013-4651 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Extraction of cotton impurities: Supercritical CO2 vs. Soxhlet/TCE AU - Beck, K. R. AU - Moore, L. G. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 29 IS - 8 SP - 66 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Correlating optical and kinetic deviations from ideality in fiber reactive dye mixtures AU - Snyder, W AU - Berkstresser, G AU - Smith, B AU - Beck, K AU - McGregor, R AU - Jasper, W T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Kinetic and optical behaviors of Cibacron™ Yellow R, Scarlet 2GE, and Blue TRE are studied individually and in mixtures. In mixtures, these dyes deviate from their individual behaviors. A method for determining these deviations and for correlating the optical and kinetic deviations is demonstrated. This method is valuable because it allows the kinetic behavior of dyes in mixtures to be characterized from simple optical measurements. DA - 1997/8// PY - 1997/8// DO - 10.1177/004051759706700804 VL - 67 IS - 8 SP - 571-579 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Controlling nylon dyeing by dye and chemical metering AU - McGregor, R AU - Arora, MS AU - Jasper, WJ T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Closed-loop control of the dosing of dyes and chemicals is used to obtain an on-tone build-up of shade in dyeing polyamide fibers with a binary mixture of monosulfonated acid dyes. Computerized dosing pumps control the pH, the dyebath concentrations of the individual dyes, and the total sorption of each dye during the process. This real-time, closed-loop adaptive control yields good reproducibility and uniform shade build-up in a laboratory dyeing machine. It is possible to reuse a dyebath containing residual dyes and chemicals from a previous dyeing. DA - 1997/8// PY - 1997/8// DO - 10.1177/004051759706700809 VL - 67 IS - 8 SP - 609-616 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Formation, characterization, and segmental mobilities of block copolymers in their urea inclusion compound crystals AU - Vasanthan, N AU - Shin, ID AU - Huang, L AU - Nojima, S AU - Tonelli, AE T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - We report the formation of crystalline inclusion compounds (ICs) between the small-molecule host urea (U) and two block copolymer guests: (i) poly(ε-caprolactone)−polybutadiene (PCL−PBD) and (ii) PCL−poly(ethylene oxide)−PCL (PCL−PEO−PCL). Both block copolymer−U-ICs are formed by cocrystallization from saturated solutions of urea, and each block copolymer−U-IC was observed with DSC, X-ray diffraction, and 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. It was found that both blocks of the PCL−PBD diblock copolymer are included in the U-IC channels while only the terminal PCL blocks of the PCL−PEO−PCL triblock copolymer are included. The structure of the PCL−PBD−U-IC appears to be a combination of the traditional hexagonal form with narrow ca. 5.5 Å channels surrounding the PCL blocks, while the PBD blocks are included in an “expanded tetragonal” structure observed previously for PEO(oligomer)−U-IC and polypropylene−U-IC, where the urea matrix channel diameter is believed to be expanded beyond 7 Å. This might explain how the PBD blocks, which contain 12% 1,2 units with bulky −CHCH2 side chains, are accommodated in the U-IC channels. Similarly, in the PCL−PEO−PCL−U-IC, where only the terminal PCL blocks are included, the IC structure appears very similar to the usual narrow channel, hexagonal structure as found, for example, in PCL−U-IC, the IC between the PCL homopolymer and urea. As a consequence, we may observe PCL blocks in two distinct U-IC environments and may compare their behaviors to those of PCL chains in the homopolymer PCL−U-IC and homopolymer and block copolymer bulk crystals. In addition, T1ρ measurements of 1H spin diffusion reveal structural aspects of the block copolymer−U-ICs, and the isolation of U-IC included polymer chains from their neighbors may permit the probing of 1-dimensional 1H spin diffusion by observing the T1ρ(1H) relaxation in these block copolymer−U-ICs. DA - 1997/5/19/ PY - 1997/5/19/ DO - 10.1021/ma970213h VL - 30 IS - 10 SP - 3014-3025 SN - 0024-9297 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dimensionless model for the equilibrium sorption of mixtures of acid dyes by polyamides from finite dyebaths AU - Arora, MS AU - McGregor, RM T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - The equations of a dimensionless Donnan model for equilibrium sorption of ions by polymers are applied to sorption data for acid dyes in binary mixtures on nylon 66 fabric. The two acid dyes are commercial samples of C.I. Acid Blue 25 and C.I. Acid Yellow 49. Excellent fits of the data to the dimensionless model are obtained. The ratio of the distribution coefficients of the two dyes in the mixtures is estimated. Dimensionless sorption parameters have a linear dependence on the initial dye concentrations in the finite dyebaths and a linear dependence on the initial salt concentration. The equilibrium concentration distribution ratios of the two dyes on the fabric are linearly related to the ratios of their initial dyebath concentrations. DA - 1997/6// PY - 1997/6// DO - 10.1177/004051759706700601 VL - 67 IS - 6 SP - 389-396 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Biologically inspired design: Color on wings AU - Srinivasarao, M. AU - Padilla, L. T2 - Materials for optical limiting II A2 - al., R. Sutherland... CN - TA1637 .M37 1997 PY - 1997/// PB - Pittsburgh, Pa.: Materials Research Society ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polymer-polymer composites fabricated by the in situ release and coalescence of polymer chains from their inclusion compounds with urea into a carrier polymer phase AU - Huang, L AU - Vasanthan, N AU - Tonelli, AE T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Inclusion compounds (ICs) can be formed between small-molecule hosts and guest polymers, where the crystalline host lattice confines the guest polymers to occupy narrow cylindrical channels. The included polymers are highly extended by the narrow channel diameters and are separated from neighboring polymer chains by the walls of the small-molecule host lattice. It is possible to coalesce the polymer chains from their ICs by exposure to a solvent for the small-molecule host which is not a solvent for the included polymer chains. When crystallizable polymers are coalesced from their ICs by solvent treatment, they are observed to crystallize in an extended-chain morphology accompanied by much less chain-folding than occurs when crystallization of the same polymers take place from their disordered melt or solution environments. In this report we outline our initial efforts to create polymer-polymer molecular composites based on the coalescence of polymer chains from their IC crystals with urea, which were previously embedded in a carrier polymer phase. Both film and fiber composites made with chemically identical or distinct IC-included and carrier polymers are described. Water vapor permeation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microscopic observations are used to probe these composites; and several applications are suggested. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 281–287, 1997 DA - 1997/4/11/ PY - 1997/4/11/ DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970411)64:2<281::AID-APP8>3.0.CO;2-N VL - 64 IS - 2 SP - 281-287 SN - 0021-8995 KW - polymer inclusion compounds KW - polymer-polymer composites ER - TY - JOUR TI - NMR characterization of liquid crystal polymer interactions in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals AU - Mirau, PA AU - Srinivasarao, M T2 - APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY AB - Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and optical microscopy have been used to study liquid crystal–polymer interactions in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) composed of the E7 liquid crystal mixture and poly( n-butyl methacrylate) or poly(isobutyl methacrylate). As previously reported, the droplets adopt a bipolar configuration in the PDLCs using poly( n-butyl methacrylate) as the matrix material and a radial configuration in those using poly(isobutyl methacrylate). The NMR signals from the E7 cannot be detected in the bulk state by using magic angle spinning and cross-polarization because of its liquid-like properties. The E7 and the polymer signals are only weakly cross-polarized in 60:40 E7/poly( n-butyl methacrylate) PDLCs but are strongly cross-polarized in the PDLCs with poly(isobutyl methacrylate). We suggest that the differences are due to a change in the surface-anchoring conditions and that NMR spectroscopy may provide a molecular-level probe of the forces that control droplet configuration and the electro-optical properties of these materials. DA - 1997/11// PY - 1997/11// DO - 10.1366/0003702971939299 VL - 51 IS - 11 SP - 1639-1643 SN - 0003-7028 KW - NMR of PDLCs ER - TY - JOUR TI - High performance PET fibers via liquid isothermal bath high speed spinning: fiber properties and structure resulting from threadline modification and posttreatment AU - Chen, J. Y. AU - Tucker, P. A. AU - Cuculo, J. A. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - Poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers with improved mechanical properties and dimensional stability were spun via controlled threadline dynamics by a liquid isothermal bath (LIB) spinning process, followed by postdrawing and annealing. Control fibers were made by unperturbed spinning and posttreatment similar to a traditional spin—draw process. The two sets of as-spun fibers were spun at take-up speed in the range of 2000–5000 m/min. Fiber properties of the as-spun fibers and posttreated fibers of each process were compared. Two commercial tire cords, i.e., conventional tire cord and low shrinkage tire cord, were also included. Unlike unperturbed spinning, the LIB as-spun fibers show unique structural properties of high amorphous orientation, low crystallinity, high strength, and high initial modulus. Moreover, noncrystalline chains are further extended during posttreatment. The posttreated LIB fibers exhibit mechanical properties with tenacity higher than approximately 9 g/d, initial modulus higher than 120 g/d, and ultimate elongation less than approximately 10%. They also demonstrate superior dimensional stability with thermal shrinkage less than 6% and LASE-5 higher than 5 g/d. The overall properties are not obtainable by either the traditional spin—draw process or any modified process that produces low shrinkage tire cord. Unlike the case for unperturbed fibers, the mechanical properties of the posttreated LIB fibers demonstrate a strong/dependency on the birefringence of their respective as-spun fibers. There are at least three significant pieces of evidence that strongly indicate the existence of a third phase, referred to as the taut—tie noncrystalline phase (TTNC), in addition to the traditional two-phase model, i.e., crystalline and random amorphous phases. A unique feature involving a high fraction of taut—tie noncrystalline phase (TTNC %) in the LIB as-spun and the posttreated fibers is also found and which is, in fact, achieved neither by the traditional spin—draw nor the commercial tire cord processes. Further, different from the posttreated unperturbed fibers, the posttreated LIB fibers have an enhanced fraction of taut—tie noncrystalline chains with shorter length, which is believed to be one of the important factors leading to the superior mechanical properties and excellent dimensional stability achieved. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 2441–2455, 1997 DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19971226)66:13<2441::AID-APP7>3.3.CO;2-L VL - 66 IS - 13 SP - 2441-2455 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of temperature and salt on dye mixtures in the batch dyeing process AU - Reddy, M AU - Jasper, WJ AU - McGregor, R AU - Lee, G T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - For real-time control, it is usually desirable to formulate a mathematical model of the process to be controlled. Such a model assists in the selection of control parameters and enhances the understanding of the underlying processes. A mathematical model for two-dye mixtures is developed comprising a diffusion based model to account for dye penetration into the fiber and a nonlinear distribution function at the fiber surface based on the Langmuir isotherm. Since the behavior of dyes in mixtures often deviates from their behavior when used alone, the dyeing process cannot be modeled by a simple combination of single dye models. Numerical simulations of the behavior of direct cotton dye mixtures under varying conditions of temperature and salt concentration are also presented, and compared with experiments. DA - 1997/2// PY - 1997/2// DO - 10.1177/004051759706700206 VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 109-117 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - X-ray crystal structure of disazo dyes .2. Derivatives of CI Disperse Yellow 23 and CI Disperse Orange 29 AU - Freeman, HS AU - McIntosh, SA AU - Singh, P T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - Crystals of the 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl ester of C.I. Disperse Yellow 23 and C.I. Disperse Orange 29 were grown from chloroform, and cell dimensions were determined by a least-squares fit. Crystals of both esters were found to exist in the monoclinic space group P21/C. The structures of these dyes possessed the anti conformation, unlike that of underivatized C.I. Disperse Orange 29, but the same as that reported for 4-phenylazoazobenzene. DA - 1997/10// PY - 1997/10// DO - 10.1016/S0143-7208(96)00096-4 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 149-164 SN - 0143-7208 KW - crystal structure KW - diazo dyes KW - anti-conformation KW - monoclinic ER - TY - JOUR TI - X-ray crystal structure of disazo dyes .1. CI Disperse Orange 29 AU - Freeman, HS AU - McIntosh, SA AU - Singh, P T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - Crystals of C.I. Disperse Orange 29, a disazo dye, were grown from a methanol solution and the X-ray structure was solved from 2484 independent reflections to R = 0.0497. Results showed that the crystal examined exists in the triclinic space group P1. Interestingly, the structure generated possessed a syn conformation, unlike 4-phenylazoazobenzene which is known to exist in the anti conformation. DA - 1997/9// PY - 1997/9// DO - 10.1016/S0143-7208(96)00095-2 VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 11-21 SN - 0143-7208 KW - CI Disperse Yellow 23 KW - CI Disperse Orange 29 KW - syn conformation KW - monoclinic KW - disazo dyes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biomechanics of human common carotid artery and design of novel hybrid textile compliant vascular grafts AU - Gupta, B. R. S. AU - Kasyanov, V. A. T2 - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research AB - The mechanical properties and structure of a human common carotid artery were studied in order to develop criteria for designing and manufacturing compliant textile vascular grafts. The arterial wall comprised a composite of elastin and collagen fibers with the collagen fibers crimped. This structure led to a unique pressure-circumferential stretch ratio curve, the slope of which increased with an increase in strain. The increase in slope was particularly rapid at a stretch ratio above 1.4 or pressure above 120 mmHg. Based on the knowledge gained, a criteria for the design of biomechanically compliant arterial grafts was developed. An elastomeric prestretched polyurethane monofilament yarn with a low modulus of elasticity and a bulked polyester multifilament yarn with a high modulus of elasticity were combined and used as threads in the manufacture of grafts. Tubular structures of diameters in the range 4–6 mm were made by weaving. Transverse compliance and morphological and permeability properties of these grafts were determined and compared with those of a currently available woven commercial grafts and human carotid arteries. Results indicated that the compliance values of the hybrid grafts were comparable with those of the human carotid artery. Preliminary in vivo studies in dogs showed promising results: a thin, stable neointima developed within 6 months of implantation on the flow surface. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19970305)34:3<341::aid-jbm9>3.0.co;2-k VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 341-349 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A preliminary investigation of a beta-particle transmission gauge for seam quality determination AU - Titus, KJ AU - Clapp, TG AU - Zhu, Z AU - Gardner, RP T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Automation of assembly operations throughout the textile industry requires the development and implementation of new quality monitoring systems. A beta-particle transmission gauge using a 90 Sr source is investigated as a potential on-line seam inspection technique. The fundamentals of beta-particle transmission radio gauges are discussed in the context of their applicability to textile materials, and preliminary results are obtained with a laboratory prototype device. Unknown sample thicknesses for a variety of woven and knit fabrics are determined from the counting rate intensities of radiation transmitted through the fabric and the experimentally derived areal density. Single-fold knit hems and felled denim seams are evaluated by the gauge system. Results indicate that the number of layers present within the hem or seam can be rapidly and accurately determined to assess seam quality. DA - 1997/1// PY - 1997/1// DO - 10.1177/004051759706700107 VL - 67 IS - 1 SP - 23-34 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The dissolution and characterization of Bombyx mori silk fibroin in calcium nitrate-methanol solution and the regeneration of films AU - Mathur, A. B. AU - Tonelli, A. AU - Rathke, AU - Thomas, Hudson S. T2 - Biopolymers DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0282(199707)42:1<61::AID-BIP6>3.0.CO;2-# VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 61-74 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On-line measurement of fabric bending behavior .1. Theoretical study of static fabric loops AU - Zhou, NYM AU - Ghosh, TK T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - In order to develop an on-line system to characterize fabric bending rigidity, four potential loop shapes are proposed. Loop shapes are chosen such that they can be formed under dynamic conditions. Results from theoretical models of these loops show the nature of the response of loop shapes to varying fabric bending behaviors. Two candidate loop shapes are identified for further investigation under nonlinear and dynamic conditions. DA - 1997/10// PY - 1997/10// DO - 10.1177/004051759706701003 VL - 67 IS - 10 SP - 712-719 SN - 1746-7748 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adhesion enhancement in immiscible polymer bilayer using oriented macroscopic roughness AU - Janarthanan, V AU - Garrett, PD AU - Stein, RS AU - Srinivasarao, M T2 - POLYMER AB - The use of oriented macroscopic roughness to enhance the effective adhesion between two immiscible polymers was demonstrated. Bilayer specimens of polycarbonate and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) were produced with rough interfaces by scribing grooves of varying depths and spacings into the polycarbonate (PC) before joining the layers. The SAN, having a significantly lower glass transition temperature than polycarbonate, flows into the grooves during annealing at temperatures just over the PC glass transition, creating a mechanically interlocking interface. Subsequent measurements of bilayer interfacial fracture toughness showed up to a twenty-fold increase from that of a smooth interface when grooves were oriented perpendicular to the direction of interfacial crack propagation. The increase in toughness was shown to be greater as grooves were spaced closer together, and as groove depths were increased. Propagation of interface cracks followed a stick-slip mechanism, slowing considerably at each groove. Analysis of fracture surfaces indicates the increase in toughness to be mainly due to cohesive failure and deformation of the polymers at the grooves. Interface toughness was also enhanced with grooves scribed parallel to the propagation direction, but to a lesser degree than with perpendicular orientation. DA - 1997/1// PY - 1997/1// DO - 10.1016/S0032-3861(96)00447-8 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 105-111 SN - 0032-3861 KW - adhesion KW - blends KW - surface enrichment ER - TY - JOUR TI - What's new in wet processing AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - America's Textiles International DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 26 IS - Mar. 1997 SP - 134-136 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MRP, MRP II, ERP: What next? AU - Karpe, Y. S. AU - Hodge, G. T2 - APICS Newsletter DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// IS - 1997 Aug. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Information integration in the textile complex AU - Winchester, S. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Hands, P. AU - Karpe, Y. AU - al., T2 - National Textile Center. Annual Report DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// IS - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Iron: Producing more than rust in our environment AU - Reife, A. AU - Weber, E. AU - Freeman, H. S. T2 - Chemtech DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 27 IS - 10 SP - 17-25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developments in carding technology AU - Oxenham, W. T2 - Textile Technology International DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// IS - 1997 SP - 59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 75 years of change in dyeing and finishing AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist DA - 1997/// PY - 1997/// VL - 29 IS - 5 SP - 29-3436 ER -