TY - RPRT TI - Modelling study of the effect of the superficial temporal artery on the skin temperature [Modelstudie naar het effect van de Superficiële Temporale Arterie op de huidtemperatuur] AU - DenHartog, E.A. A3 - TNO DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// M1 - TNO-2000 C 040 M3 - Report PB - TNO SN - TNO-2000 C 040 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Effectiviteit van 'Phase Change Materials' in kleding [Effectiveness of ‘Phase Change Materials’ in clothing] AU - DenHartog, E.A. AU - Heus, R. A3 - TNO DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// M1 - TNO-2000 A 029 M3 - Report PB - TNO SN - TNO-2000 A 029 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Onderkoeling van een zwerver [Hypothermia of a wanderer] AU - Daanen, H.A.M. AU - DenHartog, E.A. A3 - TNO DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// M1 - TNO-2000 C 024 M3 - Report PB - TNO SN - TNO-2000 C 024 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Fever determination at home: A comparison of different methods [Koortsbepaling voor de huismarkt] AU - Daanen, H.A.M. AU - DenHartog, E.A. AU - Heus, R. A3 - TNO DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// M1 - TNO-2000 C 048 M3 - Report PB - TNO SN - TNO-2000 C 048 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluatie van brandweerkledij voor het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken in België [Evaluation of fire fighters' turn-out gear for the Home Office in Belgium] AU - Heus, R. AU - DenHartog, E.A. AU - Kistemaker, J.A. A3 - TNO DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// M1 - TNO-2000 C 038 M3 - Report PB - TNO SN - TNO-2000 C 038 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluation SensorTouch Thermometer [Evaluatie SensorTouch thermometer] AU - DenHartog, E.A. AU - Daanen, H.A.M. AU - Heus, R. A3 - TNO DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// M1 - TNO-2000 C 028 M3 - Report PB - TNO SN - TNO-2000 C 028 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Activity Report 'ColdSurf' EU Project SMT4-CT97-2149 [ActiviteitenReportage 'ColdSurf'] AU - DenHartog, E.A. AU - Daanen, H.A.M. A3 - TNO DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// M1 - TNO-2000 A 059 M3 - Report PB - TNO SN - TNO-2000 A 059 ER - TY - RPRT TI - 'Personal cooling systems' - lokale verschillen in koelcapaciteit [‘Personal cooling systems’ - local differences in cooling capacity] AU - DenHartog, E.A. AU - Daanen, H.A.M. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// M1 - TNO-2000 A 058 M3 - Report SN - TNO-2000 A 058 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Oriented crystallization of random copolymers AU - Susarla, P. AU - Agarwal, U. S. AU - Michielsen, S. AU - Abhiraman, A. S. T2 - Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 220 SP - U347 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000166091301994&KeyUID=WOS:000166091301994 ER - TY - CONF TI - Modeling Mechanical Behavior of Nonwovens AU - Kim, H.S. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Desai, P. AU - Abhiraman, A. T2 - Fiber Society Fall Meeting C2 - 2000/// CY - Pine Mountain, Georgia DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/11/7/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Modeling In-plane Liquid Transport in Nonwovens AU - Konopka, A. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Fiber Society Fall Meeting C2 - 2000/// CY - Pine Mountain, Georgia DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/11/7/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Mechanics Based Modeling of Nonwovens AU - Kim, H.S. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Fiber Society Fall Meeting C2 - 2000/// CY - Pine Mountain, Georgia DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/11/7/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Instrument Selection Affects Correlation Of Laboratory And Outdoor Exposures Of Sealants AU - Wypych, G. AU - Lee, F. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - American Chemical Society, Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering (ACS-PSME) C2 - 2000/// C3 - Abstracts of the American Chemical Society DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 220 M1 - 73 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The use of colorimetry in the control of dyeing processes AU - Shamey, M.R. AU - Nobbs, J.H. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist and American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 6 SP - 32-37 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033946597&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The application of feedforward profiles in the control of dyeing machinery AU - Shamey, M.R. AU - Nobbs, J.H. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist and American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 47-52 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034001687&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Micromachines and textiles; matching two industries AU - Gahide, S. AU - Hodge, G.L. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Seyam, A.M. AU - Franzon, P.D. T2 - Textile Asia DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 31 IS - 8 SP - 58-66 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033831093&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - BOOK TI - Micromachines and textiles: Matching two industries AU - Gahide, S. AU - Hodge, G.L. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Seyam, A.M. AU - Franzon, P.D. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// SE - 1 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034064169&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - BOOK TI - Information engineering: Enhancing decision effectiveness in textiles? AU - Karpe, Y. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Cahill, N. AU - Oxenham, W. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// SE - 1 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034112018&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel low-melting-point alloy-loaded polymer composite. I. Effect of processing temperature on the electrical properties and morphology T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - Journal of Applied Polymer ScienceVolume 77, Issue 5 p. 1044-1050 A novel low-melting-point alloy-loaded polymer composite. I. Effect of processing temperature on the electrical properties and morphology Xiangwu Zhang, Corresponding Author Xiangwu Zhang Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaDepartment of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China===Search for more papers by this authorYi Pan, Yi Pan Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorLie Shen, Lie Shen Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorQiang Zheng, Qiang Zheng Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXiaosu Yi, Xiaosu Yi National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, P.O. Box 81–3, Beijing 100095, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author Xiangwu Zhang, Corresponding Author Xiangwu Zhang Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaDepartment of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China===Search for more papers by this authorYi Pan, Yi Pan Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorLie Shen, Lie Shen Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorQiang Zheng, Qiang Zheng Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXiaosu Yi, Xiaosu Yi National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, P.O. Box 81–3, Beijing 100095, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 June 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20000801)77:5<1044::AID-APP11>3.0.CO;2-DCitations: 16Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Sn–Pb alloy-loaded polystyrene (PS) composites were processed by powder mixing and hot pressing. For the composites hot-pressed at the temperatures below the melting point of the alloy, the resistivity dropped sharply if the alloy volume fraction reached 20 vol %. When the composites were processed at temperatures above the melting point, such phenomenon disappeared. According to the SEM and energy dispersive analysis X-ray (EDAX) analyses, the size and dispersion of Sn–Pb alloy particles in composites changed when the hot-pressing temperature reached the melting point of the alloy, which resulted in the different forms of resistivity–filler volume fraction curves. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1044–1050, 2000 Citing Literature Volume77, Issue51 August 2000Pages 1044-1050 RelatedInformation DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1002/1097-4628(20000801)77:5<1044::AID-APP11>3.3.CO;2-4 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178373/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrical properties of polymer/low-melting-point alloy binary systems AU - Yi, S. X. AU - Zhang, X. Shen AU - L. AU - Pan, Y. T2 - Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 39 ER - TY - CONF TI - Production and Characterization of Mineral Filled Polypropylene Filaments AU - George, B. AU - Hudson, S. AU - McCord, M.G. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Proceedings of ASME Fall Congress 2000, Textile Engineering Division Session DA - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - novel low-melting-point alloy loaded polymer composite. I: Effect of processing temperature on the electrical property and morphology AU - Zhang, X. AU - Pan, Y. AU - Shen, L. AU - Zheng, Q. AU - Yi, X. S. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - Sn–Pb alloy-loaded polystyrene (PS) composites were processed by powder mixing and hot pressing. For the composites hot-pressed at the temperatures below the melting point of the alloy, the resistivity dropped sharply if the alloy volume fraction reached 20 vol %. When the composites were processed at temperatures above the melting point, such phenomenon disappeared. According to the SEM and energy dispersive analysis X-ray (EDAX) analyses, the size and dispersion of Sn–Pb alloy particles in composites changed when the hot-pressing temperature reached the melting point of the alloy, which resulted in the different forms of resistivity–filler volume fraction curves. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1044–1050, 2000 DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20000801)77:5%3C1044::aid-app11%3E3.0.co;2-d VL - 77 ER - TY - JOUR TI - new polymer composite thermistor having double PTC transition AU - Zhang, X. AU - Pan, Y. AU - Zheng, Q. AU - Yi, S. X. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - The electrical resistivity of the Sn-Pb alloy filled high density polyethylene composites has been studied as a function of temperature. Two positive temperature coefficient (PTC) transitions, named double PTC of resistance, were found and are thought to be related to the melting points of the polymer matrix and alloy filler, respectively. The two PTC transition temperatures increase with the increase of the alloy volume fraction. With the increasing volume fraction of the alloy, the first PTC intensity decreases, the second PTC intensity increases and then decreases after the volume fraction reaches 38 vol %, and the total PTC intensity decreases. The double PTC effect is reversible and reproducible. The mechanisms for both the first and the second PTC transitions are also proposed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 424–429, 2000 DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20001010)78:2%3C424::aid-app220%3E3.0.co;2-6 VL - 78 ER - TY - JOUR TI - influence of low-melting-point alloy on the rheological properties of polymer melts AU - Zhang, X. AU - Pan, Y. AU - Cheng, J. F. AU - Yi, X. S. T2 - Journal of Materials Science DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004845426786 VL - 35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Time dependence of piezoresistance for the conductor filled polymer composites AU - Zhang, X. AU - Pan, Y. AU - Zheng, Q. AU - Yi, X. S. T2 - Journal of Polymer Science. Part B, Polymer Physics AB - The piezoresistance and its time dependence of conductor-filled polymer composites have been investigated. To reveal the origin of the time dependence of piezoresistance, the creep of the polymer matrix is also studied. Based on the interparticle separation change under the applied stress, a model has been developed to predict the piezoresistance and its time dependence. By analyzing this model, the influences of applied stress, filler particle diameter, filler volume fraction, matrix compressive modulus, potential barrier height, and the matrix creep behavior on the piezoresistance and its time dependence are interpreted quantitatively. These predicted results are compared with the experimental data obtained on the polymer composites filled with conductor fillers, and good agreements were obtained. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 2739–2749, 2000 DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0488(20001101)38:21%3C2739::aid-polb40%3E3.0.co;2-o VL - 38 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The influence of low-melting-point alloy on the rheological properties of a polystyrene melt AU - Alcoutlabi, Mataz AU - Lee, Hun AU - Watson, Jill V. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - Journal of Materials Science DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1007/s10853-012-7064-0 VL - 35 IS - 18 SP - 4573-4581 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Startup State Properties and Equivalent Circuit Model of Polyethylene/Carbon Black Conductive Composite AU - Zhang, Xiang-Wu AU - Pan, Yi AU - Shen, Lie AU - Yi, Xiao-Su T2 - Chinese J. Mater. Res DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 14 SP - 23-26 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel low-melting-point alloy loaded polymer composite. II: Resistivity-temperature behavior AU - Zhang, X. AU - Pan, Y. AU - Shen, L. AU - Yi, X. S. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - The effect of temperature on the resistivity of Sn–Pb alloy-loaded PS composites was studied. The composites have distinctive positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effects with high PTC intensity, abrupt PTC transition, etc. According to SEM and EDAX analyses, the morphology of the alloy particles in the composites remained unchanged as the temperature reached the melting point of the alloy, while the alloy dispersion changed. The viscosity of the composites decreased sharply when the alloy melted. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 756–763, 2000 DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000725)77:4%3C756::aid-app7%3E3.0.co;2-y VL - 77 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference AU - Joines, JA AU - Barton, RR AU - Kang, K AU - Fishwick, PA AU - Schulze, Thomas DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Methodology for furniture finishing system capacity planning AU - Melton, Ryan Heath DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterizing search spaces for Tabu search and including adaptive memory into a genetic algorithm AU - Joines, Jeffrey A. AU - Houck, Christopher R. AU - Kay, Michael G. T2 - Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers AB - Abstract A large number of heuristic search algorithms are available for function optimization. Each of these heuristics, e.g., simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, tabu search, etc., has been shown to be effective at finding good solutions efficiently. However, little work has been directed at determining what are the important problem characteristics for which one algorithm is more efficient than the others. By examining two problems, the location-allocation problem and the quadratic assignment problem, characteristics of successfil tabu search are illustrated. A tabu search for the location-allocation problem is described and implemented. The results of this tabu search are compared against a genetic algorithm. For the quadratic assignment problem, tabu search has been shown more effective than genetic algorithms; however, for the location-allocation problem, the genetic algorithm finds better solutions more efficiently than tabu search. To. investigate what characteristics of the location-allocation problem makes it less amenable to tabu search, a comparison between the location-allocation problem and the quadratic assignment problem is performed. A comparison of the problem characteristics reveals that the location-allocation problem has very large basins of attraction around a few local optima. For tabu search to escape these minima requires a large number of iterations. Finally, a combination of both tabu search and genetic algorithms is presented for the location-allocation problem, where regions around genetically determined sample points are marked as tabu. This combination (i.e., adpative memory) compares favorably to the genetic algorithm in terms of increased computational efficiency. Key Words: Hybrid GAAdaptive Memory GATabu Search DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1080/10170669.2000.10432873 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 527-536 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A hybrid genetic algorithm for manufacturing cell design AU - Joines, Jeffrey A. AU - Kay, Michael G. AU - King, Russell E. AU - Culbreth, C. Thomas T2 - Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers AB - Abstract Global competition is demanding innovative ways of achieving manufacturing flexibility and reduced costs. One approach is through cellular manufacturing, an implementation of the concepts of group technology. The design of a cellular manufacturing system requires that a part population be at least minimally described by its use of process technology (padmachine incidence matrix) and partitioned into part families and that the associated plant equipment be partitioned into machine cells. At the highest level, the objective is to form a set of completely autonomous units such that inter-cell movement of parts is minimized. This paper presents a stochastic global optimization technique utilizing genetic algorithms (GAS) and local improvement procedures (LIPs) to solve the cell design problem. The combination of LIPs with GAS is shown to improve the performance of the GA in terms of solution quality and computational efficiency. Several different methods of incorporating these procedures into the GA are investigated. The concepts used in these hybrid techniques can easily be extended to other variations of the cell design problem as well as to other LIPs. DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1080/10170669.2000.10432875 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 549-564 ER - TY - BOOK TI - 2000 Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings: Orlando, Fl., USA, 10-13 December 2000 AU - Joines, Jeffrey A DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - IEEE ER - TY - BOOK TI - Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings A3 - Joines, J.A. A3 - Barton, R.R. A3 - Kang, K. A3 - Fishwick, P.A DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers SN - 0-7803-6579-8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Moving beyond the parts incidence matrix: Alternative routings and operations for the cell formation problem AU - Joines, J.A. AU - King, R.E. AU - Culbreth, C.T. T2 - Engineering Valuation and Cost Analysis DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 2 IS - Special Issue on Control and Design of Manufacturing Cells SP - 327-348 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrical properties of conductive polypyrolle-coated textiles AU - Lian, A. AU - Dao, L. H. AU - Zhang, Z. T2 - Polymers and Polymer Composites DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 8 SP - 1-9 ER - TY - CONF TI - Small and large scale assessment of thermal protective performance of protective clothing materials AU - Barker, R.L. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Second international conference on safety & protective fabrics: a technical focus on textile and material development for personal protection DA - 2000/// PB - Roseville (MN) : Industrial Fabrics Association International ER - TY - CONF TI - Testing of biological barrier fabrics AU - McCord, M.G. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Second international conference on safety & protective fabrics: a technical focus on textile and material development for personal protection DA - 2000/// PB - Roseville (MN) : Industrial Fabrics Association International ER - TY - CONF TI - Structural reorientation during load-deformation experiments AU - Kim, H.S. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Desai, P. AU - Abhiraman, A. C2 - 2000/// C3 - INTC2000: book of papers: joint INDA-TAPPI Conference: International Nonwovens Technical Conference: September 26-28, 2000, Hotel Inter-Continental, Dallas, Texas DA - 2000/// PB - Atlanta, GA : TAPPI Press ER - TY - CONF TI - Partially bioresorbable bicomponent fibers for tissue engineering: Mechanical stability of core polymers AU - King, M.W. AU - Ornberg, R.L. AU - Marois, Y. AU - Marinov, G.R. AU - Cadi, R. AU - Southern, J.H. AU - Joardar, S.J. AU - Weinberg, S.L. AU - Shalaby, S.W. AU - Guidoin, R. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Transactions DA - 2000/// SP - 533 PB - Minneapolis : Society for Biomaterials ER - TY - CONF TI - On the use of robotics for melt-blowing to form shaped/molded fabric structures AU - Farer, R. AU - Grant, E. AU - ghosh, AU - Seyam, Abdel-Fattah AU - Lee, G. AB - This paper presents an overview of research on the production of nonwoven and tailored 3D structures for protective garments (such as those worn by fire fighters) using robotics and meltblown technology. In particular, the integration of robotics and a small-scale melt-blowing unit is discussed. This paper develops the framework and general motivation for the overall study and describes in detail the novel 3D-fiber application system developed using a seven-degree of freedom system. This system will be used with control algorithms developed at the NCRC to improve uniformity of the shaped fabric structure. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Proceedings : 2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation April 24-28, 2000, San Francisco Hilton Hotel, San Francisco, California DA - 2000/// DO - 10.1109/robot.2000.844821 PB - Piscataway, NJ: Robotics and Automation Society SN - 9780780358874 ER - TY - CONF TI - Knotting performance of surgical sutures for arthroscopic surgery AU - Li, X. AU - King, M.W. AU - MacDonald, P. AU - Xie, H. AU - Gonzalez, J. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Transactions DA - 2000/// SP - 824 PB - Minneapolis : Society for Biomaterials ER - TY - CONF TI - Developments in carding AU - Oxenham, W. C2 - 2000/// C3 - INTC2000 : book of papers : joint INDA-TAPPI Conference : International Nonwovens Technical Conference : September 26-28, 2000, Hotel Inter-Continental, Dallas, Texas. DA - 2000/// SP - 52.0-52.6 PB - Cary, NC: INDA, Association of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry ER - TY - CONF TI - A rule-based robotic control approach to melt-blowing for shaped fabric structures AU - Farer, R. AU - Grant, E. AU - ghosh, AU - Seyam, Abdel-Fattah AU - Lee, G. AB - The production of protective garments is a complex process which generally involves nonwoven and tailored fabric structures. This paper presents an approach that integrates robotics with meltblown technology in addressing some of the problems associated with this garment production. In particular, a rule base 3D control is developed and an evaluation of the quality control of the 3D fabric structures formed using this system is performed using a basis-weight function analysis to measure uniformity. Melt-blowing of a polypropylene mixture was conducted by directly forming 3D fabrics on a mannequin mold. The results obtained show that when a constant-velocity control strategy is used during the fiber spraying phase, the basis-weight uniformity had a 16% coefficient of variation (CV). However, when a rule-based control strategy is applied using a displacement transducer for feedback and a set of fiber application rules for control, the CV is reduced to 11%. Thus the proposed system achieves the goal of improving uniformity of shaped fabric structures. C2 - 2000/// C3 - ISCAS 2000 Geneva : proceedings [of] the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Emerging technologies for the 21st century : May 28-31, 2000, International Conference Center (CICG) of Geneva, Switzerland DA - 2000/// DO - 10.1109/iscas.2000.856301 PB - Piscataway, N.J.: IEEE SN - 9780780354838 ER - TY - CONF TI - Thermal measurements AU - Barker, R.L. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Conference information & proceedings : April 26-28, 2000 Hyatt Regency Crystal City, Arlington, VA DA - 2000/// PB - Roseville, MN: Industrial Fabrics Association International ER - TY - CONF TI - Protective textile particle penetration AU - Shalev, I. AU - Barker, R.L. AU - McCord, Marian AU - Tucker, P.A. AU - Lisk, B.R. A2 - R. L. Barker, A2 - Coletta, G. C. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Performance of protective clothing : issues and priorities for the 21st century DA - 2000/// DO - 10.1520/stp14442s VL - 7 PB - West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM SN - 9780803104617 ER - TY - CONF TI - Instrumentation of online monitoring system for fabric compressional behavior AU - Huang, W. AU - Ghosh, T. K. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Proceedings of the 46th International Instrumentation Symposium : presented at: Doubletree Hotel, Bellevue, Washington, 30 April - 5 May 2000 DA - 2000/// SP - 457-465 PB - Research Triangle Park, N.C.: Instrument Society of America SN - 1556177259 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrical properties of polymer/low-melting-point alloy binary systems AU - Yi, XS AU - Zhang, XW AU - Shen, L AU - Pan, Y T2 - POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING AB - In this preliminary experiment, Sn-Pb-alloy-powder-filled polystyrene composites were prepared and the influence of processing conditions on the electrical behavior was studied in terms of percolation transition, temperature-resistivity transition, and the heating-cooling reversibility. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1081/PPT-100101407 VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 829-833 SN - 0360-2559 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178380/ KW - electrical property KW - low-melting-point alloy KW - binary system KW - processing temperature KW - positive temperature coefficient ER - TY - CONF TI - The mechanics of removing staple fiber crimp AU - Bauer-Kurz, I. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Shiffler, D.A. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Papers presented at the 80th World Conference of the Textile Institute, April 2000 DA - 2000/// SP - 1-10 PB - Manchester, England: Textile Institute SN - 9781870372459 ER - TY - CONF TI - The abrasive properties of yarns AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Bryan, E. AU - Yu, C. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Papers presented at the 80th World Conference of the Textile Institute, April 2000 DA - 2000/// SP - 1-11 PB - Manchester, England: Textile Institute SN - 9781870372459 ER - TY - CONF TI - The abrasion characteristics of cotton yarns AU - Bryan, E. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Yu, C. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings DA - 2000/// SP - 803-808 ER - TY - PAT TI - Process of making hollow filaments AU - Kotek, R. AU - Li., W AU - Shore, G. W. AU - Yeh, L. C2 - 2000/// DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - ITMA '99: A teview AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Batra, S.K. T2 - Textile Progress DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 30 IS - 1/2 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Colorants for non-textile applications (1st ed.) AU - Freeman, H.S. AU - Peters, A.T. AB - Preface. Contributors. Printing and Imaging Technologies. Dyes for Ink Jet Printing (K. Carr). Thermal Transfer Printing (R. Bradbury). Dyes used in Photography (D. Waller et al.). FD&C and Medical Dyes. Color Additives for Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics (J.F. Senackerib). Biomedical Application of Dyes (J.C.V. Pais de Moura). Functional Dyes Directed for Molecular Recognition: Chromogenic and Fluorescent Receptors (M. Inouye). Functional Materials. Laser Dyes: Structure and Spectroscopic Properties (T.G. Pavlopoulos). Multifunctional Dye Materials from New Dicyanopyrazine Chromophores (M. Matsuoka). Natural Color/Substrates. Natural Dyes (A.G. Puntener, U. Schlesinger). Synthetic Dyes for Human Hair (J.F. Corbett). Leather Dyes (A.G. Puntener). Structural Colors: Nano-optics in the Biological World (M. Srinivasarao). Index. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1016/b978-0-444-82888-0.x5030-2 PB - New York: Elsevier SE - 618 SN - 9780444828880 ER - TY - CONF TI - Assessing the frictional characteristics of fibers by compression technique AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Yuksekkaya, M.E. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Papers presented at the 80th World Conference of the Textile Institute, April 2000 DA - 2000/// SP - 1-12 PB - Manchester, England: Textile Institute SN - 9781870372459 ER - TY - BOOK TI - 2000 Winter Simulation Conference proceedings: Wyndham Palace Resort & Spa, Orlando, FL, U.S.A., 10-13 December, 2000 AU - Joines, J.A. AU - Barton, R. R. AU - Kang, K. AU - Fishwick, P. A. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery SN - 9780780365797 ER - TY - CONF TI - The relationship between porosity and barrier effectiveness of some shell fabrics used in protective apparel AU - McCord, Marian AU - Rajagopalan, K.L. AU - Barker, R.L. A2 - C.N. Nelson, A2 - Henry, N.W. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Performance of protective clothing: issues and priorities for the 21st century. Seventh volume DA - 2000/// DO - 10.1520/stp14453s VL - 7 PB - West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM SN - 9780803128699 ER - TY - CONF TI - The graft copolymerization of chitosan with methyl acrylate using an organohalide-manganese carbonyl coinitiator system AU - Jenkins, D.W. AU - Hudson, S.M. AU - Peter, M. A2 - M. G. Peter, A. Domard A2 - Muzzarelli, R. A.A. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Advances in chitin science. Volume IV DA - 2000/// VL - IV SP - 399 PB - Potsdam: Universita?t Potsdam SN - 9783980649452 ER - TY - CONF TI - Preparation of a fiber-reactive chitosan derivative with enhanced antimicrobial activity AU - Lim, S. AU - Hattori, K. AU - Hudson, S.M. AU - Peter, M. A2 - M. G. Peter, A. Domard A2 - Muzzarelli, R. A.A. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Advances in chitin science. Volume IV DA - 2000/// VL - IV SP - 454 PB - Potsdam: Universita?t Potsdam SN - 9783980649452 ER - TY - CONF TI - Predicting the impact of a design change from modern to modified modern firefighting uniforms on burn injuries using manikin fire tests AU - Barker, R.L. AU - Prezant, D.J. AU - Bender, M. AU - Kelly, K.J. A2 - C.N. Nelson, A2 - Henry, N.W. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Performance of protective clothing: issues and priorities for the 21st century. Seventh volume DA - 2000/// DO - 10.1520/stp14448s PB - West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM SN - 9780803128699 ER - TY - CONF TI - Measuring the thermal energy stored in firefighter protective clothing AU - Barker, R.L. AU - Guerth, C. AU - Behnke, W.P. AU - Bender, M. A2 - C.N. Nelson, A2 - Henry, N.W. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Performance of protective clothing: issues and priorities for the 21st century. Seventh volume DA - 2000/// DO - 10.1520/stp14433s VL - 7 PB - West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM SN - 9780803128699 ER - TY - CONF TI - Liquid penetration pressures for fabrics tested in compression AU - Barker, R.L. AU - McCord, Marian AU - Deaton, A.S. A2 - C.N. Nelson, A2 - Henry, N.W. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Performance of protective clothing: issues and priorities for the 21st century. Seventh volume DA - 2000/// DO - 10.1520/stp14462s PB - West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM SN - 9780803128699 ER - TY - CONF TI - Interfacial properties effects on microcomposites deformation response: An analytical approach AU - Hamouda, H. AU - Qui, Y. AU - Bennett, S. C2 - 2000/// C3 - ICCE/7: seventh annual International Conference on Composites Engineering: July 2-8, 2000, Denver, Colorado DA - 2000/// PB - [S.l.]: International Community for Composities Engineering ER - TY - TI - Foreword AU - Choudhury, A.K.R. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - Enfield, N.H.: Science SN - 9781578080793 ER - TY - CONF TI - Elasticity analysis of 3D cellular matrix composites AU - Hamouda, H. AU - Xu, W. AU - Qui, Y. AU - Mohamed, M. C2 - 2000/// C3 - ICCE/7: seventh annual International Conference on Composites Engineering: July 2-8, 2000, Denver, Colorado DA - 2000/// PB - [S.l.]: International Community for Composities Engineering ER - TY - CONF TI - Effects of fabric compression on the results of liquid penetration testing AU - McCord, M.G. AU - Deaton, A.S. AU - Barker, R.L. A2 - C.N. Nelson, A2 - Henry, N.W. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Performance of protective clothing: issues and priorities for the 21st century. Seventh volume DA - 2000/// VL - 7 PB - West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM SN - 9780803128699 ER - TY - CONF TI - Effect of measured heat loss through turnout materials in firefighter comfort and heat stress part I: Performance in a mild environment AU - Barker, R.L. AU - Myhre, L. AU - Scruggs, B. AU - Shalev, I. AU - Prasharn, C. AU - Miszko, T. A2 - C.N. Nelson, A2 - Henry, N.W. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Performance of protective clothing: issues and priorities for the 21st century. Seventh volume DA - 2000/// PB - West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM SN - 9780803128699 ER - TY - CONF TI - Comfort and barrier effectiveness of microporous films and laminates AU - Barker, R.L. AU - McCord, Marian AU - Brown, J.Z. AU - Deaton, A.S. A2 - C.N. Nelson, A2 - Henry, N.W. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Performance of protective clothing: issues and priorities for the 21st century. Seventh volume DA - 2000/// DO - 10.1520/stp14437s PB - West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM SN - 9780803128699 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Automatic boarding machine design employing quality function deployment, theory of inventive problem solving, and solid modeling AU - Clapp, T. AU - Kunst, B. T2 - TRIZ Journal DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A comparison of tensile and puncture properties of nonwoven fabrics AU - Park, T. Y. Kim AU - J. Y. Kim, S. H. AU - Ghosh, T. K. T2 - Journal of the Korean Fiber Society DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 103-110 ER - TY - TI - "Foreword" for Modern concepts of color and appearance AU - Mock, G.N. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - Enfield, N.H.: Science SN - 9781578080793 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Surface features of mineral filled polypropylene filaments AU - George, B. AU - Hudson, S.M. AU - McCord, M. T2 - Surface characteristics of fibers and textiles A2 - C. M. Pastore, A2 - Kiekens, P. PY - 2000/// SP - 139-160 PB - New York: M. Dekker SN - 9780824700027 ER - TY - CONF TI - Sizing and fit testing AU - LePechoux, B. AU - Istook, C. AU - Ghosh, T. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Papers presented at the 80th World Conference of the Textile Institute, April 2000 DA - 2000/// PB - Manchester, England: Textile Institute SN - 9781870372459 ER - TY - CONF TI - Methods for fusing diameter and mass measurements of spun yarns: Some preliminary results AU - Suh, J. AU - Jasper, W. AU - Woo, J. AU - Kim, H. C2 - 2000/4// C3 - Thirteenth annual Engineered Fiber Selection System Conference proceedings: April 17-19, 2000, Sheraton Imperial Hotel and Convention Center, Research Triangle Park, NC CY - Sheraton Imperial Hotel and Convention Center, Research Triangle Park, NC DA - 2000/4// PB - [Cary, N.C.]: Cotton Inc. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Managing textile waste AU - Koch, M.C. AU - Hergeth, H. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Ghosh, T. T2 - Ars Textrina DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 33 SP - 87-105 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Implementation of a self-organizing fuzzy sliding-mode controller using a multi-thread architechture AU - Huang, W. AU - Jasper, W. AU - Grant, E. AU - Lee, G. T2 - Frameworks (Berkeley, CA) DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 1 IS - 3 ER - TY - CONF TI - Dealing with fiber crossovers in fiber length measurements by image processing AU - Rust, J. AU - Jasper, W. AU - Trussell, H.J. AU - Ikiz, Y. C2 - 2000/4// C3 - Thirteenth annual Engineered Fiber Selection System Conference proceedings CY - Sheraton Imperial Hotel and Convention Center, Research Triangle Park, NC DA - 2000/4// PB - [Cary, N.C.]: Cotton Inc. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scribe corrosion characterized by distance transform AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Kim, H.S. AU - Lee, F. T2 - European Coatings Journal DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// IS - 4 SP - 34-42 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Iron-complexed dyes: Colorants in green chemistry AU - Freeman, H.S. AU - Edwards, L.C. T2 - Green chemical syntheses and processes A2 - P. T. Anastas, L. G. Heine A2 - Williamson, T. C. AB - Few textile and dye chemists would argue against the suggestion that textile wastewater containing toxic metal ions is a matter of considerable concern, and that a pollution prevention/source reduction approach to addressing this concern would be better than currently available waste treatment methods. With that point in mind, this chapter reflects work pertaining to the design and synthesis of metal-complexed dyes that contain potential replacements for metals now designated as "priority pollutants". The focus of the present report is on dye structures and their properties rather than the synthetic reactions employed. The goal of this research was the development of environmentally friendly metal complexed dyes. It was hoped that this would provide a green chemistry approach to minimizing the need to treat wastewater after the dyes are manufactured and/or applied to textiles, by eliminating the source of dye wastewater containing toxic metals. Our strategy was to identify alternative metal complexes that could replace chromium-, cobalt-, and copper-based synthetic dyes. This chapter includes discussion of the metals that are used to prepare metal-complexed dyes and the properties of key intermediates (ligands) from which the dyes are made. PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1021/bk-2000-0767.ch003 PB - Washington, DC: American Chemical Society SN - 9780841236783 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating operating room gowns: Comparing comfort of nonwoven and woven materials AU - Barker, R. L. AU - Scruggs, B. AU - Shalev, I. T2 - International Nonwovens Journal DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 23-29 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preparing for change AU - Oxenham, W. T2 - America's Textile Industries DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 59-62 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ITMA review - staple spinning AU - Oxenham, W. T2 - Textile Progress DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 30 IS - 1/2 SP - 1-12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterizing fuzz in nonwoven fabrics AU - Kim, H. S. AU - Latifi, M. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - International Nonwovens Journal DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 18-22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of structural changes in nonwoven fabrics during load-deformation experiments AU - Kim, H. S. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Abhiraman, A. AU - Desai, P. T2 - Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 1 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A note on the effect of fiber diameter, fiber crimp and fiber orientation on pore size and shape in thin webs AU - Kim, H. S. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - International Nonwovens Journal DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 15-19 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Weaving technology for the new millenium AU - Ghosh, T.K. T2 - Textile Technology International DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// SP - 37 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The assessment of cross machine openness uniformity of a fiber feed matt AU - Oumera, A. AU - Seyam, A.M. T2 - International Nonwovens Journal DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 9-14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Strength loss in thermally bonded polypropylene fibers AU - Batra, S. K. AU - Chidambaram, A. AU - Davis, H. A. T2 - International Nonwovens Journal DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 27-35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Removal of cyclic trimer from the surface of disperse dyed polyester AU - Yang, Y. AU - Li, S. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist & American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 10 SP - 42-46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polymerization and surface analysis of electrically-conductive polypyrrole on surface-activated polyester fabrics for biomedical applications AU - Tessier, D AU - Dao, LH AU - Zhang, Z AU - Martin, MW AU - Guidoin, R T2 - JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION AB - A new synthetic route is reported for the synthesis and covalent bonding of electrically conductive polypyrrole to a poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric. It involves a three-step process including surface phosphonylation and graft polymerization from the gaseous phase. In the first step, the fibre surfaces are activated using phosphorus trichloride. Then, 1-(3-hydroxypropyl) pyrrole is introduced and grafted to the phosphorus chloride to create an ester bond between the fibres and the pyrrole. Finally, the pyrrole-grafted fibres are dipped in an aqueous FeCl3 catalyst and exposed to pyrrole monomer vapor for the final polymerization. This last step creates an electrically conductive polypyrrole layer covalently linked to the poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres. ESCA analysis indicates a high degree of phosphonylation and grafting of the anchor molecules. Scanning electron microscopy reveals an overall smooth and uniform surface coating of polypyrrole on the polyester fibres. The use of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is not able to distinguish between polypyrrole-coated and non-coated fabrics because of the extremely thin polypyrrole layer. Measurements of dynamic surface wetting indicated that the polypyrrole-coated fabric is more hydrophilic than the untreated control. With values for surface resistivity in the range 104-105 Ω/square, such polypyrrole-coated fabrics are considered attractive candidates for biomedical applications. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1163/156856200743517 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 87-99 SN - 0920-5063 KW - conductive polymer KW - polypyrrole KW - phosphonylation KW - surface modification KW - biomaterials ER - TY - JOUR TI - Open-end vs. ring-spun pricing AU - Dodd, E. AU - Oxenham, W. T2 - America's Textile Industries DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 29 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - One-step dyeing of polyester/cotton with disperse/reactive dyes AU - Yang, Y. AU - Li, S. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist & American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 38-45 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ITMA-99 finishing review AU - Hauser, P. T2 - Textile Progress DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 30 IS - 1/2 SP - 84-89 ER - TY - JOUR TI - First-generation aortic endografts: Analysis of explanted stenter devices from the EUROSTAR registry AU - Guidoin, R AU - Marois, Y AU - Douville, Y AU - King, MW AU - Castonguay, M AU - Traore, A AU - Formichi, M AU - Staxrud, LE AU - Norgren, L AU - Bergeron, P AU - Becquemin, JP AU - Egana, JM AU - Harris, PL T2 - JOURNAL OF ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY DA - 2000/4// PY - 2000/4// DO - 10.1583/1545-1550(2000)007<0105:FGAEAO>2.3.CO;2 VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 105-122 SN - 1526-6028 KW - abdominal aortic aneurysm KW - histopathology KW - woven polyester KW - nitinol KW - fabric fatigue KW - metal corrosion ER - TY - JOUR TI - Endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm in dogs: Evaluation of a nitinol-polyester self-expanding stent-graft AU - Formichi, M AU - Marois, Y AU - Roby, P AU - Marinov, G AU - Stroman, P AU - King, MW AU - Douville, Y AU - Guidoin, R T2 - JOURNAL OF ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY DA - 2000/2// PY - 2000/2// DO - 10.1583/1545-1550(2000)007<0047:EROTAA>2.3.CO;2 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 47-67 SN - 1545-1550 KW - endovascular grafts KW - thoracic aorta KW - experimental KW - magnetic resonance imaging KW - histology KW - Cragg EndoPro System 1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Durability of some antibacterial treatments to repeated home launderings AU - Yang, Y. AU - Corcoran, L. AU - Vorlicek, K. AU - Li, S. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist & American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 44-49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of plasma proteins adsorbed onto biomaterials by MALDI-TOFMS AU - Oleschuk, RD AU - McComb, ME AU - Chow, A AU - Ens, W AU - Standing, KG AU - Perreault, H AU - Marois, Y AU - King, M T2 - BIOMATERIALS AB - The analysis of plasma proteins adsorbed onto a polyurethane (PU) biomaterial was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). This article marks the first study on MALDI-TOFMS analysis of multiple proteins adsorbed from plasma, in vitro, onto the surface of a biomaterial to easily enable their characterization. Plasma standards from three different hosts were placed in contact with non-porous PU, a model biomaterial. Following the use of washing protocols developed in our laboratory, the biomaterial was analyzed, directly, with MALDI-TOFMS. Proteins with molecular weights (Mr) ranging from ca. 6.5 to 150 kDa were observed in the mass spectra and characterized upon comparison with proteins of known Mr. The proteins observed were tentatively identified as those known to adsorb onto PU, both in vitro and in vivo. In an attempt to model in vivo sorption, the PU biomaterial was exposed to freshly collected canine plasma, in vitro, for different lengths of time. Corresponding MALDI-TOFMS spectra displayed increasing protein signal for a number of different proteins with increasing times of exposure to plasma. This method provided qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of the proteins adsorbed onto the biomaterial surface. DA - 2000/8// PY - 2000/8// DO - 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00054-5 VL - 21 IS - 16 SP - 1701-1710 SN - 1878-5905 KW - MALDI KW - TOFMS KW - plasma protein KW - biomaterial KW - biocompatible ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cationic pretreatment of cotton AU - Hauser, P. T2 - America's Textile Industries DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 29 IS - 10 SP - 42-46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of retrieved polymer fiber based replacements for the ACL AU - Guidoin, MF AU - Marois, Y AU - Bejui, J AU - Poddevin, N AU - King, MW AU - Guidoin, R T2 - BIOMATERIALS AB - The present retrospective analysis of 117 surgically excised anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prostheses was designed to elucidate the etiology and mechanisms of failure of synthetic ligamentous prostheses. They were harvested from young and active patients (26±7 yrs) at various orthopaedic centers in France between 1983 and 1993. The average duration of implantation of augmentation and replacement prostheses were 21.5±12.6 and 33.2±25.3 months, respectively. The principal causes for their excision were ruptures and synovitis. Each ACL prosthesis was examined macroscopically, histologically, and, after tissue removal, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the model, manufacturer, surgical technique used at implantation, the extent of healing, the site of rupture, and the morphology of the damaged fibers. Fourteen types of ACL prostheses were analysed, each fabricated using a different combination of polymers, fibers and textile constructions. Consequently, they generated a variety of healing characteristics and mechanical responses in vivo. SEM observations revealed that abrasion of the textile fibers as a result of yarn-on-yarn and/or yarn-on-bone contact was a common phenomenon to almost all models, and was the primary cause of prosthetic failure. Healing inside the synthetic ACL was poorly organized, incomplete and unpredictable as the extent of collagenous infiltration into the textile structure did not increase with the duration of implantation. In fact, the collagenous infiltration into certain models appeared to be more detrimental than beneficial since it caused deterioration and fraying of the textile structure rather than serving as a reinforcing matrix around the prosthesis. In conclusion, the present study shows that three mechanisms may be involved in the failure of ACL prostheses: (1) inadequate fiber abrasion resistance against osseous surfaces; (2) flexural and rotational fatigue of the fibers, and (3) loss of integrity of the textile structure due to unpredictable tissue infiltration during healing. DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// DO - 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00114-9 VL - 21 IS - 23 SP - 2461-2474 SN - 1878-5905 KW - ACL prostheses KW - retrieval study KW - histology KW - SEM analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - ATME-I 2000: Two many? AU - Phillips, J. AU - Vonwiller, E. AU - Luke, J. E. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Mansfield, R. G. T2 - America's Textile Industries DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 29 IS - 12 SP - 20-25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ATME-I 2000: Exhibitor overview AU - Phillips, J. AU - Vonwiller, E. AU - Luke, J. E. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Mansfield, R. G. T2 - America's Textile Industries DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 29 IS - 12 SP - 26-34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On-line monitoring of reactive batch dyeing exhaustion and hydrolysis by FIA/HPLC AU - Beck, K. R. AU - Wallace, M. AU - Smith, C. B. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 39-42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Laser scanning confocal microscope measurement of dye diffusion coefficients in fibers AU - Song, Y. AU - Srinivasarao, M. AU - McGregor, R. T2 - Macromolecules DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 33 SP - 4478 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ITMA '99 AU - Buchanan, D. T2 - Textile Progress DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Time dependence of piezoresistance for the conductor-filled polymer composites AU - Zhang, XW AU - Pan, Y AU - Zheng, Q AU - Yi, XS T2 - JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS AB - The piezoresistance and its time dependence of conductor-filled polymer composites have been investigated. To reveal the origin of the time dependence of piezoresistance, the creep of the polymer matrix is also studied. Based on the interparticle separation change under the applied stress, a model has been developed to predict the piezoresistance and its time dependence. By analyzing this model, the influences of applied stress, filler particle diameter, filler volume fraction, matrix compressive modulus, potential barrier height, and the matrix creep behavior on the piezoresistance and its time dependence are interpreted quantitatively. These predicted results are compared with the experimental data obtained on the polymer composites filled with conductor fillers, and good agreements were obtained. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 2739–2749, 2000 DA - 2000/11/1/ PY - 2000/11/1/ DO - 10.1002/1099-0488(20001101)38:21<2739::AID-POLB40>3.0.CO;2-O VL - 38 IS - 21 SP - 2739-2749 SN - 0887-6266 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178376/ KW - conducting composite KW - piezoresistance KW - time dependence KW - creep KW - interparticle separation KW - tunneling current ER - TY - JOUR TI - The influence of low-melting-point alloy on the rheological properties of a polystyrene melt AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Pan, Y. AU - Cheng, J. F. AU - Yi, X. S. T2 - Journal of Materials Science DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1023/A:1004845426786 VL - 35 SP - 4573–4581 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178374/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel low melting point alloy-loaded polymer composite. II. Resistivity-temperature behavior AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Pan, Yi AU - Shen, Lie AU - Yi, Xiaosu T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - The effect of temperature on the resistivity of Sn–Pb alloy-loaded PS composites was studied. The composites have distinctive positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effects with high PTC intensity, abrupt PTC transition, etc. According to SEM and EDAX analyses, the morphology of the alloy particles in the composites remained unchanged as the temperature reached the melting point of the alloy, while the alloy dispersion changed. The viscosity of the composites decreased sharply when the alloy melted. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 756–763, 2000 DA - 2000/7// PY - 2000/7// DO - 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000725)77:4<756::aid-app7>3.0.co;2-y VL - 77 IS - 4 SP - 756-763 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178372/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel low-melting-point alloy-loaded polymer composite. I. Effect of processing temperature on the electrical properties and morphology AU - Zhang, XW AU - Pan, Y AU - Shen, L AU - Zheng, Q AU - Yi, XS T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Sn–Pb alloy-loaded polystyrene (PS) composites were processed by powder mixing and hot pressing. For the composites hot-pressed at the temperatures below the melting point of the alloy, the resistivity dropped sharply if the alloy volume fraction reached 20 vol %. When the composites were processed at temperatures above the melting point, such phenomenon disappeared. According to the SEM and energy dispersive analysis X-ray (EDAX) analyses, the size and dispersion of Sn–Pb alloy particles in composites changed when the hot-pressing temperature reached the melting point of the alloy, which resulted in the different forms of resistivity–filler volume fraction curves. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1044–1050, 2000 DA - 2000/8/1/ PY - 2000/8/1/ DO - 10.1002/1097-4628(20000801)77:5<1044::AID-APP11>3.0.CO;2-D VL - 77 IS - 5 SP - 1044-1050 SN - 0021-8995 KW - low-melting point alloy KW - processing temperature KW - electrical property KW - morphology KW - dispersion ER - TY - JOUR TI - A new polymer composite thermistor having double PTC transitions AU - Zhang, XW AU - Pan, Y AU - Zheng, Q AU - Yi, XS T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - The electrical resistivity of the Sn-Pb alloy filled high density polyethylene composites has been studied as a function of temperature. Two positive temperature coefficient (PTC) transitions, named double PTC of resistance, were found and are thought to be related to the melting points of the polymer matrix and alloy filler, respectively. The two PTC transition temperatures increase with the increase of the alloy volume fraction. With the increasing volume fraction of the alloy, the first PTC intensity decreases, the second PTC intensity increases and then decreases after the volume fraction reaches 38 vol %, and the total PTC intensity decreases. The double PTC effect is reversible and reproducible. The mechanisms for both the first and the second PTC transitions are also proposed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 424–429, 2000 DA - 2000/10/10/ PY - 2000/10/10/ DO - 10.1002/1097-4628(20001010)78:2<424::AID-APP220>3.0.CO;2-6 VL - 78 IS - 2 SP - 424-429 SN - 0021-8995 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178375/ KW - low-melting-point alloy KW - high density polyethylene KW - composite KW - double positive temperature coefficient KW - electrical property ER - TY - JOUR TI - The assessment of cross card openness uniformity of a fiber feed matt AU - Oumera, A. AU - Seyam, A. M. AU - Oxenham, W. T2 - International Nonwovens Journal DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 9-14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biostability, inflammatory response, and healing characteristics of a fluoropassivated polyester-knit mesh in the repair of experimental abdominal hernias AU - Marois, Y AU - Cadi, R AU - Gourdon, J AU - Fatouraee, N AU - King, MW AU - Zhang, Z AU - Guidoin, R T2 - ARTIFICIAL ORGANS AB - Abstract: The present study was undertaken to validate the benefits of a fluoropolymer treatment on the biostability, inflammatory response, and healing characteristics of a polyester mesh used for hernia repair, the Fluoromesh, as compared to a commercial monofilament‐knit polypropylene mesh, Marlex, used as the control. Both were implanted for the repair of surgically induced abdominal hernias in piglets for prescheduled durations of implantation of 4, 15, and 60 days. The mesh and surrounding tissue were harvested at the sacrifice for the bursting strength and inflammatory response measurements in terms of alkaline and acid phosphatase secretion in the tissue, and for histological observations of the healing sequence and tissue thickness measurements by histomorphometric techniques. After cleaning to remove adherent tissue, the presence of the fluoropolymer at the surface of the mesh was detected using SEM and ESCA. The results demonstrated greater mechanical reinforcement and tissue development for the Fluoromesh than for the polypropylene mesh. The healing performance of the Fluoromesh was attributed to a more intense chronic inflammatory reaction early after implantation that stimulated significantly greater tissue ingrowth and integration. The concentration of fluoropolymer at the surface of the mesh was masked as a result of biological species adsorption. Textile analysis revealed that the Fluoromesh was dimensionally more stable in vivo than the polypropylene control mesh, which demonstrated stretching in the weft direction and shrinking in the warp direction during implantation. DA - 2000/7// PY - 2000/7// DO - 10.1046/j.1525-1594.2000.06547.x VL - 24 IS - 7 SP - 533-543 SN - 1525-1594 KW - hernia repair material KW - Fluoromesh ER - TY - CONF TI - Data mining: Its current status and potential end uses AU - Schertel, S. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Hodge, G. C2 - 2000/// C3 - 80th World Conference of Textile Institute, Manchester, England, April 16-19, 2000 DA - 2000/// SP - 1-10 PB - Manchester, UK: Textile Institute SN - 9781870372459 ER - TY - CONF TI - Application of micromachines to textiles: Using smart sensors to monitor warp tension and breaks during formation of woven fabrics AU - Gahide, S. AU - Seyam, A. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Franzon, P. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Proceedings of the International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, ASME, Orlando (FL), November 2000 DA - 2000/// PB - New York: ASME ER - TY - CONF TI - Taxonomy of information systems tor textiles AU - Hodge, G. L. C2 - 2000/// C3 - 80th World Conference of Textile Institute, Manchester, England, April 16-19, 2000 DA - 2000/// PB - Manchester, UK: Textile Institute ER - TY - JOUR TI - Micromachines and textiles: Matching two industries AU - Gahide, S. AU - Seyam, A. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Franzon, P. T2 - Textile Asia DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 31 SP - 58-66 ER - TY - CONF TI - Information engineering: enhancing decision effectiveness in textiles? AU - Karpe, Y. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Cahill, N. AU - Oxenham, W. C2 - 2000/// C3 - 80th World Conference of Textile Institute, Manchester, England, April 16-19, 2000 DA - 2000/// PB - Manchester, UK: Textile Institute ER - TY - BOOK TI - Directory of manufacturing planning and control software for the textile and apparel industry AU - Hodge, G. L. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - Falls Church, VA: APICS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The use of colorimetry in the control of dyeing machinery AU - Shamey, R. AU - Nobbs, J. H. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist & American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 47 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Application of feed-forward profiles in the control of dyeing machinery AU - Shamey, R. AU - Nobbs, J. H. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist & American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 6 SP - 32 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Textile testing for quick response AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - America's Textile Industries CN - [Not currently held by TRLN member libraries] DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 29 IS - 11 SP - 48, 50-51 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Milestones in the teaching of textile chemistry AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - Colourage Annual DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// IS - 2000 SP - 109-116 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dynamic analysis of ring spinning: A brief review AU - Batra, S. K. AU - Ghosh, T. K. AU - Qingyu, Z. T2 - Vlakna A Textil CN - [Not currently held by TRLN member libraries] DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 57-64 ER - TY - CONF TI - Can information engineering enhance information quality for effective decision-making in textiles? AU - Karpe, Y. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Cahill, N. AU - Oxenham, W. A2 - Klein, B. D. A2 - Rossin, D. F. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Proceedings of the 2000 Conference on Information Quality CN - QA76.9 .D3 I524 2000 DA - 2000/// PB - Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology ER - TY - CHAP TI - Optimization of SIMS analysis conditions for ultra-shallow phosphorus and arsenic implants AU - Hunter, J. L. AU - Bates, T. B. AU - Patel, S. B. AU - Loesing, R. AU - Guraynov, G. AU - Griffis, D. P. T2 - Microbeam Analysis 2000: proceedings of the Second Conference of the International Union of Microbeam Analysis Societies held in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, 9-14 July 2000 A2 - Williams, D. B. A2 - Shimizu, R. PY - 2000/// VL - 165 SP - 327-328 PB - Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing SN - 0750306858 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diffusion of macromolecules in polymer solutions and gels: A laser scanning confocal microscopy study AU - Burke, MD AU - Park, JO AU - Srinivasarao, M AU - Khan, SA T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - Laser scanning confocal microscopy combined with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching is an effective tool to measure the diffusion coefficients of macromolecules in cross-linked hydrogels and polymer solutions. In this study, the effects of enzyme treatment on the diffusion of macromolecules (FITC-dextran) in guar solutions and titanium-guar hydrogels are examined. Enzyme treatment with β-mannanase, a polymer backbone cleaving enzyme, quickly increases the diffusion coefficient of the probe molecules in both solutions and hydrogels to that in water. Enzyme treatment of guar solutions and hydrogels with α-galactosidase, a side chain cleaving enzyme, displays a unique behavior due to changes in the fine structure of guar. The removal of galactose branches from the mannan backbone of guar creates additional hyperentanglements (i.e., cross-links), which reduce the water holding capacity of guar and induce syneresis. If the depth at which the diffusion coefficient is measured remains constant, a minimum is observed in the diffusion coefficient as α-galactosidase enzyme treatment time increases. At the site of measurement, the sample changes from a homogeneous guar system to a phase-separated polymer-rich hydrogel and finally to a dilute polymer phase as the polymer-rich hydrogel phase precipitates below the site of measurement. The diffusion coefficient in the dilute polymer phase increases to that in water, while the diffusion coefficient in the hydrogel phase continues to decrease to a value of approximately 6 × 10-8 cm2/s. DA - 2000/10/3/ PY - 2000/10/3/ DO - 10.1021/ma000786l VL - 33 IS - 20 SP - 7500-7507 SN - 1520-5835 ER - TY - PCOMM TI - Untitled - Author's response AU - Mock, G. N. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// SP - 6060 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Solubility relationships for disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide AU - Draper, SL AU - Montero, GA AU - Smith, B AU - Beck, K T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - The solubility of ten disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was measured using a modified Suprex PrepMaster SFE apparatus and Varian Cary 3E UV–Visible spectrophotometer. These measurements were made over a pressure range of 200–400 atm, at 50–100°C. The results were combined with relevant solubility data from previous studies, and were used to develop correlations between disperse dye structures and SC-CO2 solubility. DA - 2000/6// PY - 2000/6// DO - 10.1016/S0143-7208(00)00008-5 VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 177-183 SN - 0143-7208 KW - disperse dyes KW - solubility KW - supercritical fluid KW - polyester KW - carbon dioxide KW - dyeing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Monomethoxy-4-aminoazobenzenes: a computational study AU - Bhat, KL AU - Freeman, HS AU - Velga, J AU - Sztandera, L AU - Trachtman, M AU - Bock, CW T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - Abstract The structural and electronic properties of the positional isomers of monomethoxy-4-aminoazobenzene (n-OMe-AAB) have been investigated using density functional theory with a basis set that includes polarization functions on all the atoms. These azo dyes are of interest because their carcinogenic activities depend dramatically on the position (n) of the methoxy group, e.g. 3-OMe-AAB is a potent hepatocarcinogen in the rat, whereas 2-OMe-AAB is a noncarcinogen. While it is generally believed that the various isomers of OMe-AAB require metabolic activation via N-hydroxylation prior to reaction with cellular macromolecules, we have shown that there are structural and electronic features present in these isomers that correlate with their carcinogenic behavior. DA - 2000/8// PY - 2000/8// DO - 10.1016/S0143-7208(00)00042-5 VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 109-119 SN - 0143-7208 KW - azo dyes KW - carcinogen KW - density functional theory ER - TY - PAT TI - Method for water vapor enhanced charged-particle-beam machining AU - Russell, P. E. AU - Griffis, D. P. AU - Shedd, G. M. AU - Stark, T. J. AU - Vitarelli, J. C2 - 2000/// DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improved determination of indigo on fibers or fabrics AU - Hauser, P. J. AU - Merritt, J. T. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist & American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 12 SP - 33-35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reducing pollution and energy requirements in cotton dyeing AU - Hauser, P. J. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist & American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 6 SP - 44-48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling for suppression of moisture/temperature induced dimensional changes in unbalanced fibrous composite structures with periodic bonding AU - Qiu, Y. P. AU - Backer, S. T2 - Textile Research Journal AB - Suppression of dimensional change induced by moisture and temperature change is studied for unbalanced structures composed of at least one hygroscopic component. An unbalanced parallel structure with periodic bonding is modeled, taking into account various parameters such as moisture content and temperature at the time of assembly, molecular orientation, and bonding length. The results show that two factors play a major role in moisture/temperature induced dimensional change: longitudinal swelling/shorten ing and material softening/stiffening. Whether the two factors add their effects to each other or compete against each other depends on the moisture content and temperature at the time of structural assembly. There is a range of critical aspect ratios over which the structure is dimensionally stable. This range increases with increasing width and thickness ratios, and decreases with increasing initial moisture regain, initial temperature, and orientation factor. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1177/004051750007000710 VL - 70 IS - 7 SP - 621-627 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of measurement principle and measuring field on uniformity measures of spun yarns AU - Kim, J AU - Jasper, WJ AU - Suh, MW AU - Woo, JL T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - The effect of measuring field length on yarn evenness is investigated by comparing the coefficient of variation or CV of the measure obtained from three different sensors with different measurement principles: a capacitance sensor with an 8 mm sensing zone, an optical sensor with a 2 mm sensing zone, and a laser scanner with a 1 mm effective sensing zone. A probabilistic model is developed to predict the different CV values obtained from the different instruments, and the results are compared with experimental values. DA - 2000/7// PY - 2000/7// DO - 10.1177/004051750007000704 VL - 70 IS - 7 SP - 584-587 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessment of the effect of lighting variability on color difference AU - Hinks, D. AU - Draper, S. AU - Che, Q. AU - Nakpathom, M. AU - El-Shafei, A. AU - Connelly, R. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist and American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 6 SP - 16-20 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033916735&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Supercritical fluid technology in textile processing: An overview AU - Montero, GA AU - Smith, CB AU - Hendrix, WA AU - Butcher, DL T2 - INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH AB - In light of environmental concerns, the textile industry has accelerated efforts to reduce or eliminate water consumption in all areas of yarn preparation, dyeing, and finishing. Supercritical fluid dyeing technology has the potential to accomplish this objective in many commercial textile applications around the world, both at present and in the future around the world. Increased interest in this technology has made a fundamental understanding of thermophysical (equilibrium solubility) and transport (kinetics) properties of such fluids and fluid mixtures necessary. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is one of the most environmentally acceptable solvents in use today, and textile processes using it have many advantages when compared to conventional aqueous processes.1-4 Positive environmental effects range from drastically reduced water consumption to eliminating hazardous industrial effluent. Furthermore, economic benefits include increased productivity and energy savings. Successfully commercializing supercritical fluid CO2 processing will improve the economics of dyeing and other textile chemical processes by eliminating water usage and wastewater discharges and increasing productivity by reducing processing times as well as required chemicals and auxiliaries and reducing energy consumption and air emissions. As a result, SC-CO2 processing will be more rapid, more economical, and more environmentally friendly.1 DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// DO - 10.1021/ie0002475 VL - 39 IS - 12 SP - 4806-4812 SN - 0888-5885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polymer/polymer inclusion compounds as a novel approach to obtaining a PLLA/PCL intimately compatible blend AU - Rusa, CC AU - Tonelli, AE T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTPolymer/Polymer Inclusion Compounds as a Novel Approach To Obtaining a PLLA/PCL Intimately Compatible BlendCristian C. Rusa and Alan E. TonelliView Author Information Fiber and Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, P.O. Box 8301, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301 Cite this: Macromolecules 2000, 33, 15, 5321–5324Publication Date (Web):July 7, 2000Publication History Received1 May 2000Revised10 June 2000Published online7 July 2000Published inissue 1 July 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ma000746hCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1733Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (163 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Crystallization,Crystals,Differential scanning calorimetry,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Polymers Get e-Alerts DA - 2000/7/25/ PY - 2000/7/25/ DO - 10.1021/ma000746h VL - 33 IS - 15 SP - 5321-5324 SN - 0024-9297 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Generation of synthetic elastin-mimetic small diameter fibers and fiber networks AU - Huang, L AU - McMillan, RA AU - Apkarian, RP AU - Pourdeyhimi, B AU - Conticello, VP AU - Chaikof, EL T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - Elastin-mimetic peptide polymers have been synthesized, and the morphological properties of fabricated small diameter fibers and nonwoven fabrics have been characterized. An 81 kDa recombinant protein based upon the repeating elastomeric peptide sequence of elastin (Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly)4(Val-Pro-Gly-Lys-Gly) was obtained through bacterial expression of an oligomerized gene coding for tandem repeats of the monomer. The protein was processed into fibers by an electrospinning technique and morphology defined by SEM and TEM. The choice of processing parameters influenced both fiber diameter and morphology with diameters varying between 200 and 3000 nm and three morphological patterns noted: beaded fibers, thin filaments, and broad ribbonlike structures. Detailed image analysis of nonwoven textile fabrics produced from elastin-mimetic fibers revealed that the distribution of single fiber orientation was isotropic with an associated unimodal distribution of protein fiber diameter. In a dry state, the ultimate tensile strength of nonwoven fabrics generated from elastin-mimetic peptides was 35 MPa with a material modulus of 1.8 GPa. DA - 2000/4/18/ PY - 2000/4/18/ DO - 10.1021/ma991858f VL - 33 IS - 8 SP - 2989-2997 SN - 1520-5835 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dyes based on 5,10-dihydrophenophosphazine. Part I: Disazo direct dyes AU - Bello, KA AU - Shen, K AU - Zhao, D AU - Esancy, M AU - Freeman, H T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - The synthesis of 2,8-diamino-5,10-dihydro-10-hydroxy-5-methylphenophosphazine 10-oxide as a possible replacement for the benzidine moiety in some disazo dyes and the use of this new diamine in the preparation of direct dyes were undertaken. The dyes obtained were applied to cotton to give purple to brilliant blue shades, and their structures were confirmed using negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry. DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1016/S0143-7208(00)00044-9 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 121-128 SN - 0143-7208 KW - benzidine replacement KW - direct dyes KW - diaminodihydrophenophosphazine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Separation of polymers by molecular weight through inclusion compound formation with urea and alpha-cyclodextrin hosts AU - Rusa, CC AU - Tonelli, AE T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) and urea (U) hosts were used in order to separate a mixture of poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) with two different molecular weights (Mw = 600 [PEG600] and Mw = 20 000 [PEG20000]) by forming the respective inclusion compounds (ICs). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) have been used to verify the formation and successfully characterize all inclusion compounds. The high melting point of the urea inclusion compound (PEG*-U IC) formed from the solution containing both polymers was the first evidence that urea preferentially included poly(ethylene glycol) with the higher molecular weight. The PEG*-U IC and PEG20000-U IC X-ray diffraction patterns and FTIR spectra were very similar to each other, confirming that urea preferentially complexes PEG20000 in their mutual solution. Since the above-mentioned techniques were not as useful in the case of α-CD ICs, viscosity measurements were made in order to demonstrate the molecular weight selectivity of α-CD host. The efflux time of PEG*-α-CD IC solution was much closer to that of a PEG20000-α-CD IC solution, which suggested that α-CD also included poly(ethylene glycol) having a high molecular weight rather than the low molecular weight PEG600. The efflux time of PEG*-U IC solution is almost identical with that of the PEG20000-U IC solution indicating that urea has better molecular weight selective properties than α-CD. DA - 2000/3/7/ PY - 2000/3/7/ DO - 10.1021/ma991883l VL - 33 IS - 5 SP - 1813-1818 SN - 0024-9297 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microstructure organization in para-aramid fibers AU - Davis, H AU - Singletary, J AU - Srinivasarao, M AU - Knoff, W AU - Ramasubramanian, MK T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - The existence of "lateral birefringence," i.e., the difference between the refractive index for light polarized parallel to the fiber radius and light polarized perpendicular to the radius in the cross-sectional plane, combined with the existence of electron diffraction contrast "bands" in longitudinal fiber sections has led to work appearing to indicate that para-aramid fibers, in particular poly(para-phenylene terephthalamide), have an almost crystallographically perfect orthotropic structure in which the hydrogen bonds are all parallel to fiber radii. Optical path difference profiles, calculated based on the proposed orthotropic structure, are in reasonable qualitative agreement with interference microscope data. Quantitatively, however, the orthotropic structure is only partially developed based on published values of the principle refractive indices. Furthermore, the degree to which this structure is developed varies with distance from the fiber axis in some fibers' types. DA - 2000/11// PY - 2000/11// DO - 10.1177/004051750007001102 VL - 70 IS - 11 SP - 945-950 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Infrared spectroscopic and modulated differential scanning calorimetric study of physical aging in bisphenol A polycarbonate AU - Lu, J AU - Wang, Y AU - Shen, DY T2 - POLYMER JOURNAL AB - FT-IR spectroscopy was used to examine conformational changes in the quenched Bisphenol A Polycarbonate (BPAPC) films during physical aging. It was observed that the amount of energy favored trans-trans conformers increased, while energy less favored trans-cis conformers decreased upon sub-Tg annealing. Since the trans-trans conformers allow closer local packing of the polymer chains than the trans-cis conformers do, the results may indicate that sub-Tg annealing will lead to closer interchain packing. In situ FT-IR studies on the conformational changes of BPAPC films with different thermal histories, i.e., quenched from the rubbery and sub-Tg annealed for different time, were carried out while increasing the temperature through the glass transition region. The temperature dependencies of the infrared spectra show that incremental changes of the population of trans-cis conformers in the quenched sample are gradual, while rather abrupt changes occur in the sub-Tg annealed samples. The magnitude and temperature of the abrupt changes of trans-cis conformers are related with the time of the sub-Tg annealing. The energy absorbed during the abrupt conformational change represents only part of the energy of the endothermic peak observed by modulated differential scanning calorimetry. The results are explained in terms of the formation of new cohesional entanglements during sub-Tg annealing. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1295/polymj.32.610 VL - 32 IS - 7 SP - 610-615 SN - 0032-3896 KW - bisphenol A polycarbonate KW - physical aging KW - sub-T-g annealing KW - conformations KW - infra-red spectroscopy ER - TY - CHAP TI - Foreword AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - Modern concepts of color and appearance CN - QC495 .C56 2000 PY - 2000/// PB - Enfield, NH: Science ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimation of the axial tensile modulus of a particle-reinforced composite fiber with variable radius AU - Qiu, YP AU - Batchelor, SD AU - Jack, PR AU - McCord, MG T2 - COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - The modulus of a fiber is difficult to measure, especially when the radius of the fiber changes along the length. The use of an arithmetic average radius or volume average radius to calculate fiber modulus leads to an underestimate of the modulus. A model for measuring and calculating the true tensile modulus of a fiber that has large radius variation is proposed. The model has been used to calculate the modulus of a Wollastonite particle-reinforced polypropylene fiber. The difference between the modulus calculated from the model and that from either the arithmetic or volume-average radius increases linearly as the coefficient of variation (CV) of the fiber radius increases, especially when CV< 5%. When the evenness of the fiber increases, i.e. CV → 0, the difference between the three methods for calculating the axial tensile modulus is negligible. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00145-7 VL - 60 IS - 14 SP - 2731-2737 SN - 0266-3538 KW - particle-reinforced composites KW - fibers KW - polymers KW - mechanical properties KW - modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Consistency leads to higher profits AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - America's Textiles International DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 28 IS - 11 SP - 40,-4244 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond 2000 - dyes and chemicals; chemistry is more bio-friendly AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - America's Textile Industries DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 29 IS - 6 SP - 46, 48-49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis and evaluation of organic pigments and intermediates. 1. Nonmutagenic benzidine analogs AU - Hinks, D AU - Freeman, HS AU - Nakpathom, M AU - Sokolowska, J T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - The design, synthesis, characterization, and genotoxicity of 4,4′ diaminobiphenyl (benzidine) analogs with substituents in the 3,3′ and/or 2,2′ positions are reported. Analogs containing bulky substituents in the 3,3′ positions significantly reduce or eliminate mutagenic activity, while substituents in the 2,2′-positions increase the dihedral angle across the biphenyl linkage––a property that can be utilized in the design of novel nonmutagenic colorants. 2,2′-Dimethylbenzidine was found to be mutagenic in both the standard Salmonella mammalian mutagenicity assay (Ames test) with metabolic acitivation and the preincubation assay protocol. 2,2′-Dichloro-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine, 2,2′-dimethoxy-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine and 2,2′-dimethyl-5,5′-dipropoxybenzidine were nonmutagenic in both assays. The corresponding bis-acetoacetamido derivatives of the latter two compounds were also nonmutagenic. Good yields with minimal purification were obtained for certain diamines, providing potentially useful nongenotoxic intermediates in the synthesis of bisazo and bisazomethine dyes and pigments. DA - 2000/2// PY - 2000/2// DO - 10.1016/S0143-7208(99)00078-9 VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 199-207 SN - 0143-7208 KW - nonmutagenic KW - benzidine intermediates KW - dihedral angle ER - TY - JOUR TI - Information engineering: Enhancing decision effectiveness in textiles? AU - Karpe, Y. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Cahill, N. AU - Oxenham, W. T2 - Manchester 2000 CD-ROM: Papers from the 2000 Annual (80th) World Conference of The Textile Institute. April 16-19, 2000 DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// IS - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fiber structure and properties of poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) obtained by high-speed melt spinning AU - Wu, G AU - Li, QC AU - Cuculo, JA T2 - POLYMER AB - High molecular weight poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate)(PEN) has been melt spun at various take-up velocities from 0.9 to 10 km/min to prepare fiber samples. The effect of take-up velocity on the structure and properties of as-spun fibers has been characterized through measurements of birefringence, density, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, infrared analysis, DSC melting behavior, tensile properties and high-temperature shrinkage. With increasing take-up speed, a steady trend toward higher as-spun fiber orientation and crystallinity was observed, accompanied by improved physical properties. The WAXD patterns of the as-spun fibers prepared at a velocity range higher than 1.5 km/min indicate that these samples all possess a developed molecular orientation and crystalline structure. At a relatively low take-up velocity that range from 1.5 to 4 km/min, a high level of molecular orientation in both crystalline and amorphous region has been found. This may be attributed to the high spinning stress generated by the high-molecular weight polymer used. In the high take-up speed region of 5–10 km/min, the molecular orientation becomes saturated. The highest tenacity and initial modulus of the as-spun PEN fibers obtained in this region reached ca 8 and 200 g/d, respectively. DA - 2000/10// PY - 2000/10// DO - 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00122-1 VL - 41 IS - 22 SP - 8139-8150 SN - 0032-3861 KW - poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) KW - high-speed melt spinning KW - threadline tension ER - TY - BOOK TI - Data mining: Its current status and potential end uses AU - Schertel, S. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Hodge, G. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// SN - 187037245X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Calorimetric and infrared spectroscopic analysis of multiple melting endotherms of poly(ethylene terephthalate) AU - Wang, Y AU - Lu, J AU - Shen, DY T2 - POLYMER JOURNAL AB - Multiple melting endotherms of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transition infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and temperature modulated DSC (MDSC) by examining PET samples subjected to special schemes of crystallization and annealing treatment at different temperatures. Upon one-step and two-step annealing, a series of multiple minor peaks in the PET were demonstrated by DSC. FT-IR showed that the multiple endothermic minor peaks were due to melting of imperfect crystals during crystallization. From MDSC curves direct evidence can be obtained for explanation the multiple melting mechanisms in these cold crystallized polymers. The morphology and melting mechanism of semicrystalline polymers depend on the thermal history of crystallization or annealing. When the sample is crystallized at an isothermal temperature or at multiple ascending temperatures, the hypothesis of melting of original low-temperature crystals and reorganization (recrystallization) into high-melt crystals during DSC scanning has been found responsible for the observed multiple melting behavior; when the sample is isothermally crystallized and annealed at multiple descending temperatures, the proposal of multiple morphologies is more responsible for the multiple melting peaks. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1295/polymj.32.560 VL - 32 IS - 7 SP - 560-566 SN - 0032-3896 KW - modulated differential scanning calorimetry spectroscopic analysis KW - multiple melting KW - poly(ethylene terephthalate) KW - annealing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Taxonomy of information systems for textiles AU - Hodge, G. L. T2 - Manchester 2000 CD-ROM: Papers from the 2000 Annual (80th) World Conference of The Textile Institute. April 16-19, 2000 DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// IS - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pollution prevention in the production of dyes and pigments AU - Reife, A. AU - Freeman, H. S. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist & American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 56-60 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On-line monitoring of reactive batch dyeing exhaustion and hydrolysis by FIA-HPLC AU - Wallace, M. L. AU - Beck, K. R. AU - Smith, C. B. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist & American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 39-42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular modeling of Congo Red analogues containing terphenyl and quarterphenyl moieties AU - Lye, J AU - Freeman, HS AU - Cox, RD T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - The molecular structures of Congo Red and its terphenyl and quarterphenyl analogues were optimized by applying AM1 and PM3 semiempirical methods to partially optimized starting structures. It was necessary to carry out repetitive sequences consisting of manual adjustments to the input structures followed by optimization, in order to locate minima in each structure. In addition, the conformational space associated with rotations about the central phenyl rings was explored. AM1 predicted non-planar biphenyl, terphenyl, and quarterphenyl structures, whereas PM3 predicted planar structures. Both methods were in agreement with experimental data, in that the differences in the energy of planar and non-planar structures were small. PISYSTEM predicted that increasing the number of central phenyl rings in Congo Red would have a hypsochromic and hyperchromic effect on the absorption maximum. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1016/s0143-7208(00)00063-2 VL - 47 IS - 1-2 SP - 53-64 SN - 0143-7208 KW - molecular modeling KW - 4,4 ''-diaminoterphenyl KW - 4,4 ''-diaminoquarterphenyl KW - Congo Red analogs KW - geometry optimization ER - TY - CONF TI - Micromachines and textiles: Matching two industries AU - Gahide, S. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Seyam, A. M. AU - Franzon, P. D. C2 - 2000/// C3 - Manchester 2000 CD-ROM: Papers from the 2000 Annual (80th) World Conference of The Textile Institute. April 16-19, 2000 DA - 2000/// M1 - 2000 SN - 187037245X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Formation and characterization of the inclusion compounds between poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) triblock copolymer and alpha- and gamma-cyclodextrin AU - Lu, J AU - Shin, ID AU - Nojima, S AU - Tonelli, AE T2 - POLYMER AB - We report the formation of crystalline inclusion compounds (ICs) between poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(ε-caprolactone) triblock copolymer guest and the small-molecule hosts α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD). The triblock copolymer-CDs-ICs are formed by cocrystallization from saturated solutions of CDs, and each of them was observed with TGA, DSC, X-ray diffraction, and FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopes. It was found that the ICs have higher temperature stability than the pure CDs. The absence of a melting peak for the crystalline PCL blocks in the heating scan of triblock-CDs-ICs indicates that there is no free crystalline block copolymer. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of triblock-αCD-IC and triblock-γCD-IC were similar to that of valeric acid-αCD-IC and 1-propanol-γCD-IC, which were confirmed to be a channel crystal structures by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In FTIR studies, new bands appeared at 1737 cm−1 for triblock-αCD-IC and 1730 cm−1 for triblock-γCD-IC compared with the pure cyclodextrins, which confirms the formation of IC. CP/MAS/DD 13C NMR spectra of triblock-CDs-ICs indicate that CDs adopt a more symmetrical conformation in the triblock-CDs-ICs, while pure CDs assume a less symmetrical conformation in the crystal when they do not include a guest block copolymer inside their cavities. One pulse 13C NMR spectra were observed to confirm that crystalline triblock-CDs-ICs have channel structures, with CDs forming the crystal frame of the inclusion compound. DA - 2000/7// PY - 2000/7// DO - 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00773-9 VL - 41 IS - 15 SP - 5871-5883 SN - 0032-3861 KW - inclusion compounds KW - cyclodextrins KW - channel structures ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of cationic pretreatment on pigment printing of cotton fabric AU - Tabba, A. H. AU - Hauser, P. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist & American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 30-33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surface wetting characteristics of cellulosic fibers AU - Whang, H. S. AU - Gupta, B. S. T2 - Textile Research Journal AB - Surface wetting behaviors of cotton and two rayons, one a regular crenulated and the other a trilobal (Galaxy), all stripped of topically applied finish, are determined using a sensitive Wilhelmy technique. The contact angles (advancing and receding), work of adhesion, and surface energies are assessed. For the latter, wetting tests are conducted in two dissimilar fluids, deionized ultra filtered water and methylene iodide, whose polar and dispersive contributions to surface tensions are known. Kaelble's model is used for surface energy, providing the magnitude of not only the total energy but also its division into the dispersion and polar components. The results show that the three cellulosic fibers have widely different contact angles and surface energies. They also have different hysteresis values, assessed by comparing the values obtained from measurements in the receding and advancing modes. These differences shed light on differences that exist in their chemical and physical structures. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1177/004051750007000412 VL - 70 IS - 4 SP - 351-358 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structure development and physical properties achieved in the drawing and/or annealing of PEN fibers AU - Wu, G AU - Liu, M AU - Li, XN AU - Cuculo, JA T2 - JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS AB - As-spun poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) fibers (i.e., precursors) prepared from high molecular weight polymer were drawn and/or annealed under various conditions. Structure and property variations taking place during the treatment process were followed via wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), small-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical testing. Both the WAXS and DSC measurements of the cold-drawn samples stretched from a low-speed-spun amorphous fiber indicate that strain-induced crystallization can occur at a temperature below the glass-transition temperature and that the resultant crystal is in the α-form modification. In contrast, when the same precursor was subjected to constrained annealing, its amorphous characteristics remained unchanged even though the annealing was performed at 200 °C. These results may imply that the application of stretching stress is more important than elevated temperatures in producing α-form crystallization. The crystalline structure of the hot-drawn samples depends significantly on the morphology of the precursor fibers. When the precursor was wound at a very low speed and in a predominantly amorphous state, hot drawing induced the formation of crystals that were apparently pure α-form modification. For the β-form crystallized precursors wound at higher speeds, a partial crystalline transition from the β form to the α form was observed during the hot drawing. In contrast with the mechanical properties of the as-spun fibers, those of the hot-drawn products are not improved remarkably because the draw ratio is extremely limited for most as-spun fibers in which an oriented crystalline structure has already formed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 1424–1435, 2000 DA - 2000/6/1/ PY - 2000/6/1/ DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(20000601)38:11<1424::AID-POLB20>3.0.CO;2-G VL - 38 IS - 11 SP - 1424-1435 SN - 0887-6266 KW - poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) KW - fiber KW - drawing KW - annealing KW - structural change KW - crystalline transition ER - TY - JOUR TI - Secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling of ultrashallow phosphorous in silicon AU - Loesing, R AU - Guryanov, GM AU - Hunter, JL AU - Griffis, DP T2 - JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B AB - High-precision quantitative secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) trace analyses of ultrashallow P31 distributions in Si (i.e., junction depths of 50 nm or less) require the ability to eliminate the Si130H mass interference while simultaneously minimizing primary ion impact energy and maximizing sensitivity. Elimination of Si130H requires a relatively high mass resolution SIMS instrument such as the Cameca IMS-6f used in this work. A range of Cs+ primary ion energies ranging from 9.5 to 1.6 keV was investigated to determine which provided the best depth resolution as measured by decay length for ultrashallow depth profiles of 2 keV P in Si. Improvements (or lack thereof) in decay length as the primary ion impact energy was reduced were correlated with crater bottom roughness measurements. Changes in the ion yields of P and Si resulting from both the appreciable fraction of the analyzed depth made up of the surface native oxide and also from the depth required for the primary ion yield enhancing Cs+ to reach a constant level were also investigated utilizing bulk-doped P in Si. The resulting ion yield transients obtained were then used to generate an empirical correction function with the aim of improving the quantitative accuracy of the ultrashallow depth profile selected as having the minimum decay length obtained in this work. Finally, improvements in the P detection limit provided by optimization of the secondary ion postacceleration system are discussed. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1116/1.591222 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 509-513 SN - 1071-1023 ER - TY - PAT TI - Method of dyeing hydrophobic textile fibers with colorant materials in supercritical fluid carbon dioxide AU - Smith, C. B. AU - Montero, G. A. AU - Hendrix, W. A. C2 - 2000/// DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Laser scanning confocal microscopy study of dye diffusion in fibers AU - Song, Y AU - Srinivasarao, M AU - Tonelli, A AU - Balik, CM AU - McGregor, R T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - The diffusion of fluorescein into nylon-66 fibers has been studied for the first time by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). LSCM makes it possible to noninvasively obtain high-resolution three-dimensional images of the spatial distribution of dyes (fluorescein) in fibers dyed for various length of times. Integration over the dye distribution yields the total amount of dye in the fiber, which is found to be in close agreement with that determined by UV−vis spectrophotometry after dissolving the fibers. Thus, the diffusion coefficients determined noninvasively by LSCM ((6.9 ± 1.0) × 10-11 cm2/s) and the destructive traditional means ((7.8 ± 1.9) × 10-11 cm2/s) also agree. The LSCM method has several significant advantages. Among these are its speed, nondestructive nature, and the ability not only to determine the total dye content of the fiber but also to image the dye distribution profile across the fiber diameter. This latter ability is demonstrated to be important to understanding the visual appearance of dyed fibers and fabrics. Two fibers, one ring-dyed and one uniformly dyed, each with the same over all dye content, show remarkably different shades of color. The ring-dyed fiber is lighter, an observation confirmed by the reflectivities measured for each fiber, which were in the ratio ring-dyed/uniformly dyed = 2/1. LSCM observation of dyed fibers provides us not only with a means to measure the dye diffusion coefficient in the fiber, but also the time-dependent, three-dimensional distribution of dye molecules. DA - 2000/6/13/ PY - 2000/6/13/ DO - 10.1021/ma991584w VL - 33 IS - 12 SP - 4478-4485 SN - 1520-5835 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Critical review of textile finishing equipment at ITMA '99 AU - Hauser, P. J. T2 - Textile Progress DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 30 IS - 1/2 SP - 84-89 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Versatility of the millennium AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - America's Textile Industries DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 50,-52 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling of supercritical fluid flow through a yarn package AU - Shannon, B AU - Hendrix, W AU - Smith, B AU - Montero, G T2 - JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS AB - Abstract Steady-state supercritical fluid flow through both isotropic and anisotropic cylindrical yarn packages is modeled as 2-D, axisymmetric flow through porous media. A numerical flow model using a finite-difference method predicts pressure and velocity profiles based on user-defined package geometry, permeability profile, and fluid properties. The use of variable permeability in the model allows simulation of typical package heterogeneities that result from radial variations and relatively denser edges usually associated with package winding. The numerical model is compared with results obtained from analytical expressions for radial flow, axial flow, and 2-D flow in an annulus of isotropic, porous material. The model is then verified using experimental pressure drop measurements for a range of supercritical CO 2 flows through polyester yarn packages. Model predictions show very good agreement with experimental data. DA - 2000/11/15/ PY - 2000/11/15/ DO - 10.1016/S0896-8446(00)00078-4 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 87-99 SN - 0896-8446 KW - flow modeling KW - package dyeing KW - permeability KW - polyester KW - supercritical fluid ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabric softness classification using linear and nonlinear models AU - Peykamian, S AU - Rust, JP T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - In this study, the authors use linear and nonlinear models and yarn parameters such as CV%, hairiness, and surface softness to classify the softness of knitted fabrics (T-shirts) for comparison to human subjective evaluations. All classification rates are verified with a leave-one-out cross-validation technique. The results show 20% misclassification when using a linear model to sort samples into two classes (low and high). When sorting into three classes, the misclassification is 30%. When sorting T-shirt softness into three classes using a tree modeling technique and the surface response average (SRA) and maximum peak-to-valley height (Ry), it is possible to match the human data at a 65% rate. When using surface response parameters and measured yam properties to sort T-shirt softness into three classes, with tree modeling it is possible to classify 91% of the samples accurately based on the human data. DA - 2000/3// PY - 2000/3// DO - 10.1177/004051750007000304 VL - 70 IS - 3 SP - 201-204 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Angular nonwoven properties AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Kim, H.S. T2 - Textile Asia DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 3-36 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The development of textile higher education in the United States AU - Mock, G. N. T2 - Textile Chemist and Colorist & American Dyestuff Reporter DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 8 SP - 72-74 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Channeling effects during focused-ion-beam micromachining of copper AU - Phillips, , JR AU - Griffis, DP AU - Russell, PE T2 - JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS AB - The rapid introduction of copper metallization for semiconductor devices has prompted increased research into focused-ion-beam micromachining of copper. Studies with the aim of increasing the material removal rate of Cu by focused-ion-beam micromachining have been complicated by variable micromachining behavior apparently resulting from differing Cu film morphologies produced by the various Cu deposition procedures. This work examined the micromachining behavior of thin copper films produced by physical-vapor deposition (PVD) and electroplating, as well as single-crystal copper samples. PVD copper films were found to be preferentially textured along 〈111〉, with a columnar grain structure. Channeling effects within this type of grain structure provide a geometric enhancement of the material removal rate of 30% when the sample normal is tilted 12° from the incident ion beam, regardless of sample rotation. Single-crystal (111) copper was found to exhibit similar material removal rate enhancement (averaged over 360° rotation) when tilted 12°, verifying that the etching enhancement observed in the PVD films is directly related to their 〈111〉 texture. Compared to the PVD film, electroplated (EP) copper thin films contained a significantly more random grain orientation. Consequently, the EP films did not exhibit any appreciable variation in material removal rate beyond the expected cosine dependence when tilted with respect to the incident Ga+ beam normal. Micromachining of the electroplated films, which have larger randomly oriented grains, results in grain decoration due to preferential etching producing severe micromachining-induced topography. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1116/1.582300 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 1061-1065 SN - 0734-2101 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ar/N2O remote plasma-assisted oxidation of Si(100): Plasma chemistry, growth kinetics, and interfacial reactions AU - Smith, BC AU - Khandelwal, A AU - Lamb, HH T2 - JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B AB - The kinetics of Ar/N2O remote plasma-assisted oxidation of Si(100) and the mechanism of nitrogen incorporation at the Si–SiO2 interface were investigated using mass spectrometry, optical emission spectroscopy, and on-line Auger electron spectroscopy. N2, O2, and NO are the stable products of N2O dissociation in the plasma. The maximum NO partial pressure occurs at 10 W applied rf power; N2 and O2 are the predominant products for applied powers greater than 50 W. Ar/N2O remote plasmas are prolific sources of atomic O; in contrast, atomic N is not produced in significant concentrations. Ar/N2O remote plasma-assisted oxidation was investigated at 300 °C for applied rf powers of 5, 20, and 50 W. The oxide growth kinetics are slower than expected for a purely diffusionally controlled process. A diffusion-reaction model that incorporates first-order loss of the oxidizing species as it diffuses through the growing oxide layer fits the data very well. The initial oxidation rate increases linearly with plasma density, suggesting that the near-surface concentration of oxidizing species scales with the surface flux of plasma electrons. Nitrogen is incorporated at the Si–SiO2 interface in direct proportion to the N2 partial pressure in the Ar/N2O remote plasma. Molecular NO does not react at the Si–SiO2 interface at 300 °C, its role in Si thermal oxynitridation notwithstanding. Nitrogen incorporation at the Si–SiO2 interface was also achieved by exposure of ultrathin Ar/O2 plasma oxides to a remote 20 W Ar/N2 plasma. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1116/1.591467 VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 1757-1763 SN - 1071-1023 ER -