TY - ER - TY - ER - TY - ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measurement of eccentricity and twist in spun and plied yarns AU - Jasper, W. J. AU - Gunay, M. AU - Suh, M. W. T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute AB - Abstract The shape of yarn cross-sections can best be approximated as ellipses. This approximation requires the estimation of the major and minor axes and the orientation of the major axes. The diameters of several yarns were measured both circumferentially as well as along the length of the yarn, and the eccentricity was found to be normally distributed. In addition, the direction of the major axes rotated periodically with the twist of the yarn. This allows one to estimate the twist of the yarn indirectly from optical diameter measurements. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1533/joti.2004.0065 VL - 96 IS - 2 SP - 93-97 J2 - Journal of the Textile Institute LA - en OP - SN - 0040-5000 1754-2340 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/joti.2004.0065 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - Thermisch comfort van drie soorten onderkleding bij after chill in een koel klimaat [Thermal comfort of three types of underwear during 'after chill' in a cool climate] AU - Willems, J.W.M. AU - DenHartog, E.A. A3 - TNO DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// M1 - TNO-DV3 2005-A 002 M3 - Report PB - TNO SN - TNO-DV3 2005-A 002 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Fysieke belasting ruimersploegen EOCKL [Physical load of employees of the EOCKL - bomb squad] AU - DenHartog, E.A. AU - Koerhuis, C.L. AU - Veenstra, B.J. AU - van der Doelen, L.H.M. A3 - TNO DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// M1 - TNO-DV3 2005-A191 M3 - Report PB - TNO SN - TNO-DV3 2005-A191 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Representation of human responses for close combat environments; thinking scheme AU - Sluimer, R.R. AU - DenHartog, E.A. AU - van Son, E.N. AU - Woering, A.A. A3 - TNO DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// M1 - TNO-DV3 2005-A 011 M3 - Report PB - TNO SN - TNO-DV3 2005-A 011 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Uitrusting van de Toekomst - Systeeminnovatie Brandweer [Equipment for the future - System Innovation Fire fighters] AU - DenHartog, E.A. AU - Hoppenbrouwers, M. AU - van Heijster, R.M.E.M. AU - Rijkeboer, M. A3 - TNO DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// M1 - TNO-DV3 2005-D 004 M3 - Report PB - TNO SN - TNO-DV3 2005-D 004 ER - TY - CONF TI - Using Conductive Inks and Nonwovens for Wearable Computing AU - Karaguzel, B. AU - Merritt, C.R. AU - Kang, Tae-Ho AU - Wilson, J. AU - Franzon, P. AU - Nagle, H.T. AU - Grant, E. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - 2005 Textile Institute World Conference C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of the 2005 Textile Institute World Conference CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/3/23/ SP - Paper 15 ER - TY - CONF TI - Electrical Characterization of Transmission Lines on Specific Nonwoven Substrates, Poster AU - Merritt, C.R. AU - Karaguzel, B. AU - Kang, T.-H. AU - Wilson, J. AU - Franzon, P.D. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Nagle, H.T. AU - Grant, E. T2 - 2005 Textile Institute World Conference C2 - 2005/// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/3/23/ ER - TY - CONF TI - The Future of Fiber Research & Development AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Fiber Society Fall 2005 Annual Conference C2 - 2005/// CY - NJ Institute of Technology, Newwark, NJ DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/10/17/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Industry-Government-University Research Partnerships AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Licensing Executive Society Spring Meeting C2 - 2005/// CY - Raleigh, N.C DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/5/4/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nonenzymatic Glucose Detection by Using a Three-Dimensionally Ordered, Macroporous Platinum Template AU - Song, Yan-Yan AU - Zhang, Dai AU - Gao, Wei AU - Xia, Xing-Hua T2 - Chemistry - A European Journal AB - A three-dimensionally ordered, macroporous, inverse-opal platinum film was synthesized electrochemically by the inverted colloidal-crystal template technique. The inverse-opal film that contains platinum nanoparticles showed improved electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation with respect to the directly deposited platinum; this improvement is due to the interconnected porous structure and the greatly enhanced effective surface area. In addition, the inverse-opal Pt-film electrode responds more sensitively to glucose than to common interfering species of ascorbic acid, uric acid, and p-acetamidophenol due to their different electrochemical reaction mechanisms. Results showed that the ordered macroporous materials with enhanced selectivity and sensitivity are promising for fabrication of nonenzymatic glucose biosensors. DA - 2005/3/18/ PY - 2005/3/18/ DO - 10.1002/chem.200400981 VL - 11 IS - 7 SP - 2177-2182 J2 - Chem. Eur. J. LA - en OP - SN - 0947-6539 1521-3765 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200400981 DB - Crossref KW - biosensors KW - electo-chemistry KW - glucose KW - nanoparticles KW - platinum KW - scanning probe microscopy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adsorption and Direct Electron Transfer from Hemoglobin into a Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Gold Film AU - Wang, C. H. AU - Yang, C. AU - Song, Y. Y. AU - Gao, W. AU - Xia, X. H. T2 - Advanced Functional Materials AB - Application of protein-based, direct electron communication in bioelectronic devices, biosensors, or biofuel cells usually requires high stability and function density of the immobilized proteins or enzymes. Traditional methods have been used to increase the function density using multilayer immobilization techniques at the expense of losing stability and electron-communication rate, that is, generally only protein molecules near the electrode surface are electroactive. In order to overcome the above problems, a three-dimensional, ordered, macroporous gold film electrode is synthesized electrochemically by an inverted colloidal crystal template technique. The uniform, three-dimensional macroporous gold provides superior conductivity, high stability, and large surface area. Its interconnected macroporous structure, containing gold nanoparticles, significantly enhances the amount of adsorbed hemoglobin (Hb) molecules at the monolayer level and also provides a good microenvironment for retaining the biological activity of the adsorbed protein, as confirmed by electrochemical and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Therefore, direct electron transfer between the adsorbed Hb and the electrode is achieved. Adsorption of Hb on the macroporous gold film electrode is monitored using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The saturated adsorption amount, Γ, of the Hb is determined to be 6.55×10–10 mol cm–2 with a surface coverage of 88.1 %. The electrochemical behavior and the adsorption mechanism of Hb on the macroporous gold film electrode are discussed on the basis of the experimental results. DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.1002/adfm.200500048 VL - 15 IS - 8 SP - 1267-1275 J2 - Adv. Funct. Mater. LA - en OP - SN - 1616-301X 1616-3028 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200500048 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrical Characterization of Transmission Lines on Nonwoven Textile Substrates AU - Merritt, Carey R. AU - Karaguze, Burcak AU - Kang, Tae-Ho AU - Wilson, John M. AU - Franzon, Paul D. AU - Nagle, H. Troy AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Grant, Edward T2 - MRS Proceedings DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1557/proc-870-h4.7 VL - 870 SP - H4.7 J2 - MRS Proc. LA - en OP - SN - 0272-9172 1946-4274 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-870-h4.7 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards global color control in the textile supply chain: The role of lighting in color perception AU - Hinks, D. AU - Noor, K. AU - Shamey, R. AU - Cardenas, L. AU - Jasper, W. AU - Cassill, N. AU - Aspland, J.R. T2 - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Annual International Conference and Exhibition 2005 DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// SP - 11-20 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84866323341&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of the addition of nano TIO 2 on mechanical properties of dyed and undyed nylon 6.6 AU - Shamey, R. AU - Sinha, M.K. AU - Christie, R.M. T2 - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Annual International Conference and Exhibition 2005 DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// SP - 229-234 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84866334193&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Numerical simulation of dyebath and the influence of dispersion factor on dye transport AU - Shamey, R. AU - Zhao, X. AU - Wardman, R.H. T2 - Proceedings - Winter Simulation Conference DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574531 VL - 2005 SP - 2395-2399 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33846662077&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Solid Channel Structure Inclusion Complex Formed Between Guest Styrene and Host γ-Cyclodextrin AU - Uyar, Tamer AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed AU - Wang, Xingwu AU - Hacaloglu, Jale AU - Tonelli, Alan E. T2 - Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry DA - 2005/12/7/ PY - 2005/12/7/ DO - 10.1007/s10847-005-9026-5 VL - 55 IS - 1-2 SP - 109-121 J2 - J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem LA - en OP - SN - 0923-0750 1573-1111 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10847-005-9026-5 DB - Crossref KW - cyclodextrin KW - channel structure KW - inclusion compound KW - styrene KW - solid state complexation KW - thermal stability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Warp-break detection in jacquard weaving AU - Lee, J. AU - Seyam, A.M. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Grant, E. T2 - Textile Asia DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 36 IS - 7 SP - 29-34 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-23944451925&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Supply chain analysis of the nonwovens industry AU - Jones, M.R. AU - Hodge, G.L. AU - Hailey, K.M. T2 - Textile Asia DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 36 IS - 9 SP - 35-44 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-26844547105&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Application of Mems in yarn processing and quality control AU - Shamkam, V.P. AU - Seyam, A.M. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Grant, E. T2 - Textile Asia DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 36 IS - 12 SP - 52-54 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-30544435395&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Advances in fuel cells AU - Zhang, X. T2 - DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - ER - TY - JOUR TI - Probe to the mechanism of desizing of PVA by atmospheric pressure plasma AU - Cai, Z.S. AU - Qiu, Y. AU - McMord, M.G. T2 - Journal of Textile Research DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - 5–8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Solvent-free composite peo-ceramic fiber/mat electrolytes for lithium secondary cells AU - Wang, C. AU - Zhang, X. AU - Appleby, A. J. T2 - Journal of the Electrochemical Society AB - Solvent-free composite poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-ceramic fiber or mat electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and good interfacial stability have been developed using high-ionic-conductivity fibers and mats. The conducting ceramic fibers can penetrate the cross section of the electrolyte film to provide long-range lithium-ion transfer channels, thus producing composite electrolytes with high conductivity. In this work, a maximum room-temperature conductivity of S cm−1 was achieved for 20 wt % fiber in a PEO- mixture containing 12.5 wt % in PEO. The maximum transference number obtained was 0.7. The ceramic fibers in this composite electrolyte are coated by a very thin PEO layer, which is sufficient to provide good interfacial stability with lithium-ion and lithium-metal anodes. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1828952 VL - 152 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ionic transport and interfacial stability of sulfonate-modified fumed silicas as nanocomposite electrolytes AU - Zhang, X. W. AU - Fedkiw, P. S. T2 - Journal of the Electrochemical Society AB - Degussa A200 and R711 fumed silica surfaces were modified by attaching lithium sulfonate groups through alkyl or oligomer chains, respectively, in an attempt to form single-ion conducting fumed silicas: A200-lithium propanesulfonate (A200-LiPS), R711-poly(lithium vinylsulfonate) (R711-pLiVS), and R711-poly(lithium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate) (R711-pLiAMPS). Conductivity, lithium transference number, and Li/electrolyte interfacial stability measurements were conducted on nanocomposite electrolytes prepared by dispersing the conducting fumed silicas into solvents consisting of oligomeric polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGdm), polyethylene oxide (PEO), or PEGdm/PEO blends. Among the three sulfonate-modified fumed silicas, the highest conductivity was always obtained using R711-pLiAMPS. A maximum room-temperature conductivity of was obtained at a surface concentration of and a Li:O mole ratio of 1:100 ( filler). The maximum lithium transference number achieved for the same R711-pLiAMPS-based system is 0.78 at a surface concentration of and a Li:O mole ration of 1:20 ( filler). Adding lithium salts to the solvent, such as lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), lithium bis(perfluoroethylenesulfonyl)imide (LiBETI), lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), and lithium phosphate , increases room-temperature conductivity and interfacial stability while maintaining relatively high lithium transference numbers. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2109661 VL - 152 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impedance spectra of carbon black filled high-density polyethylene composites AU - Wang, Y. J. AU - Pan, Y. AU - Zhang, X. AU - Tan, K. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - Abstract Carbon black (CB) filled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites are prepared by ordinary blending for use as an electrical conductive polymer composite. The composite changes from an electrical insulator to a conductor as the CB content is increased from 10 to 20 wt %, which is called the percolation region. For explanatory purposes, three models, namely, “conduction via nonohmic contacting chain,” “conduction via ohmic contacting chain,” and a mixture of them corresponding to the conductions in the percolation region, high CB loading region, and limiting high CB loading are proposed by the reasonable configurations of aggregate resistance, contact resistance, gap capacitance, and joining aggregates induction. The characters of the impedance spectra based on the three models are theoretically analyzed. In order to find some link between the electrical conductivity and the CB dispersion manner in the composites, the impedance spectra of three samples, HDPE/15 wt % CB (the center of the percolation region), HDPE/25 wt % CB (a typical point in the high CB loading region), and HDPE/19 wt % CB (the limiting high CB loading region), are measured by plotting the impedance modulus and phase angle against the frequency and by drawing the Cole–Cole circle of the imaginary part and real part of the impedance modulus of each sample. The modeled approached spectra and the spectra measured on the three samples are compared and the following results are found: the measured impedance spectrum of HDPE/15 wt % CB (percolation region) is quite close to the model of conduction via nonohmic contacting chain. The character of the measured spectrum of HDPE/25 wt % CB consists of the form of the model of conduction via ohmic contacting chain. The impedance behavior of HDPE/19 wt % CB exhibits a mixture of the two models. From the comparisons, it is concluded that the electrical conducting network in the percolation region of the CB filled HDPE composite is composed of aggregate resistance, nonohmic contact resistance, and gap capacitance, and that of the high CB loading region consists of continuously joined CB aggregate chains, which are possibly wound and assume helix‐like (not straight lines) conductive chains, acting as electrical inductions as the current passes through. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1344–1350, 2005 DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/app.22297 VL - 98 ER - TY - CHAP TI - A Brief Overview of Fuel Cells AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - Advances in Fuel Cells A2 - Zhang, Xiangwu PY - 2005/// SP - 1-11, ER - TY - CONF TI - The optimizing-simulator: Merging simulation and optimization using approximate dynamic programming AU - Powell, Warren B T2 - IEEE C2 - 2005/// C3 - Simulation Conference, 2005 Proceedings of the Winter DA - 2005/// SP - 14-pp ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving predictability of simulation models using evolutionary computation-based methods for model error correction AU - Zechman, Emily Michelle DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Design of minimum entropy wavelet filters using genetic algorithms AU - Jasper, Warren J AU - Joines, Jeff T2 - International Society for Optics and Photonics C2 - 2005/// C3 - Wavelet Applications in Industrial Processing III DA - 2005/// VL - 6001 SP - 60010G ER - TY - JOUR TI - ASAP3: a batch means procedure for steady-state simulation analysis AU - Steiger, Natalie M. AU - Lada, Emily K. AU - Wilson, James R. AU - Joines, Jeffrey A. AU - Alexopoulos, Christos AU - Goldsman, David T2 - ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation AB - We introduce ASAP3, a refinement of the batch means algorithms ASAP and ASAP2, that delivers point and confidence-interval estimators for the expected response of a steady-state simulation. ASAP3 is a sequential procedure designed to produce a confidence-interval estimator that satisfies user-specified requirements on absolute or relative precision as well as coverage probability. ASAP3 operates as follows: the batch size is progressively increased until the batch means pass the Shapiro-Wilk test for multivariate normality; and then ASAP3 fits a first-order autoregressive (AR(1)) time series model to the batch means. If necessary, the batch size is further increased until the autoregressive parameter in the AR(1) model does not significantly exceed 0.8. Next, ASAP3 computes the terms of an inverse Cornish-Fisher expansion for the classical batch means t -ratio based on the AR(1) parameter estimates; and finally ASAP3 delivers a correlation-adjusted confidence interval based on this expansion. Regarding not only conformance to the precision and coverage-probability requirements but also the mean and variance of the half-length of the delivered confidence interval, ASAP3 compared favorably to other batch means procedures (namely, ABATCH, ASAP, ASAP2, and LBATCH) in an extensive experimental performance evaluation. DA - 2005/1/1/ PY - 2005/1/1/ DO - 10.1145/1044322.1044325 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 39-73 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference A3 - Steiger, N.M. A3 - Kuhl, M.E. A3 - Joines, J.A. A3 - Armstrong, B. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ER - TY - BOOK TI - Color an introduction to practice and principles AU - Kuehni., Rolf G. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// PB - Hoboken: J Wiley & Sons ER - TY - CONF TI - Utilizing Simple Spreadsheet Simulators to Develop a Finished Goods Inventory Model for an Apparel Company AU - Joines, J.A. AU - Martin, B. AU - Thoney, K. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of the 3rd International Industrial Simulation Conference DA - 2005/// SP - 417–422 PB - Ghent: EUROSIS SN - 9789077381182 ER - TY - CONF TI - Keynote address - trends in yarn production AU - W., Oxenham C2 - 2005/// C3 - 11th International Wool Research Conference: 4th - 9th September, 2005, University of Leeds: proceedings DA - 2005/// SP - 1-9 PB - Leeds, UK : Department of Colour and Polymer Chemistry, University of Leeds ER - TY - CONF TI - Electro-textiles: Challenges and opportunities AU - POURDEYHIMI, BEHNAM C2 - 2005/// C3 - IECON DA - 2005/// DO - 10.1109/iecon.2005.1568860 PB - Piscataway, N.J.: IEEE SN - 9780780392526 ER - TY - CONF TI - The effect of acid dyes on the photodegradation of knitted nylon conservation net AU - Sinha M. K., Christie R. M. AU - Shamey R., A2 - C. Rogerson, A2 - Garside, P. C2 - 2005/// C3 - The future of the 20th century : collecting, interpreting and conserving modern materials ; postprints ; AHRC Research Centre for Textile Conservation and Textile Studies Annual Conference, Second annual conference 26-28 July 2005 DA - 2005/// PB - London : Archetype Publ. SN - 9781904982173 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sample preparation for textile nanofiber composites AU - POURDEYHIMI, BEHNAM AU - Fedorova, N. AU - Garcia, R. AU - Knowlton, V. AU - Oldham, C. T2 - Microscopy Today AB - Abstract The increased emphasis on nano-structured materials is placing an ever increasing demand on sample preparation techniques to unveil such fine structure. Nano-structured fibers are even more difficult because of the ease with which these materials can smear even when prepared under liquid nitrogen (LN2) as shown (Figure 1). This is especially true for the islandin- the-sea structures where it is rather hard to reveal the island structures due to smearing. In the search for a possible solution, a sample preparation technique that has shown great results in other composite structures of different polymer blends was applied to these structures. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1017/s1551929500051476 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 38–40 ER - TY - CONF TI - Human mesenchymal stem cells seeded on 3D collagen matrices for bone tissue engineering: Effects of uniaxial cyclic tensile straining, cell density and media conditions on matrix contraction AU - King, M.W. AU - Sumanasinghe, R. AU - Bernaki, S. AU - Loboa, E.G. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Transactions of the 30th annual meeting : Society for Biomaterials : April 27-30, 2005, Memphis Cook Convention Center, Memphis, TN, USA DA - 2005/// VL - 28 SP - 601 PB - Mount Laurel, N.J. : Society for Biomaterials ER - TY - JOUR TI - An in-vitro test model to predict the biostability of endovascular prostheses containing poly(ethylene terephthalate) and nitinol AU - King, M.W. AU - Sumanasinghe, R. T2 - International Journal of Medical Implants and Devices DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 1 IS - 43 ER - TY - CONF TI - Graduated compression stockings (GCS): Effects of materials mechanical properties and structures on the skin pressure profiles AU - Liu, R. AU - Kwok, Y. L. AU - Li, Y. AU - Lao, T. T. AU - Zhang, X. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Intelligent ambience and well-being : Ambience 05, International Scientific Conference 19-20 September, 2005, Tampere, Finland ; proceedings DA - 2005/// SP - 4 PB - Tampere: Tampere University of Technology SN - 9789521514296 ER - TY - CONF TI - Engineering with fibers (industry): Implications for education AU - Batra, S. K. AU - Ghosh, T. K. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of International Conference on Emerging Trends in Polymers and Textiles : 7th, 8th January 2005 DA - 2005/// PB - New Delhi ER - TY - CONF TI - Electronic textiles today and potential for the future AU - Ghosh, T. K. AU - Dhawan, A. AU - Muth, J. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Proceedings of International Conference on Emerging Trends in Polymers and Textiles : 7th, 8th January 2005 DA - 2005/// PB - New Delhi ER - TY - BOOK TI - Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference: Hilton at the Walt Disney World Resort, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A., Dec 4-7, 2005 AU - Steiger, N. M AU - Kuhl, M.E. AU - Joines, J. A. AU - Armstrong, B. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// PB - New York, N.Y.: Association for Computing Machinery SN - 9780780395190 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of phase of toluene on filtration performance of electret filter media against di-octyl-phthalate aerosols AU - Jasper, W. AU - Hinestroza, J. AU - Mohan, A. AU - Thompson, D. AU - Barker, R.L. T2 - Journal of the International Society for Respiratory Protection DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 22 SP - 97-105 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Water and wastewater analysis AU - Freeman, H. AU - Smith, C.B. T2 - Chemical testing of textiles PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1533/9781845690694.242 SP - 242-269 PB - Boca Raton: Crc Press SN - 9780849334832 ER - TY - CONF TI - The influence of number of segments on performance in splittable nonwovens AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. C2 - 2005/// DA - 2005/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Modeling: Pitfalls AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Chhabra, R. C2 - 2005/// DA - 2005/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Modeling fluid flow through nonwovens AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Maze, B. AU - Tafreshi, H. C2 - 2005/// DA - 2005/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Hydroentangling principles AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Tafreshi, H. AU - Anantharamaiah, N. C2 - 2005/// DA - 2005/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of methods used to predict the burn injuries in tests of thermal protective fabrics AU - Song, G. AU - Barker, R.L. AU - Grimes, D.R. AU - Thompson, D. T2 - Journal of ASTM International AB - A study was conducted to compare the two methods, Henriques Burn Integral and Stoll criteria, in thermal protective performance evaluation on firefighter clothing composites exposed to various thermal hazards. The thermal hazards that the firefighter may encounter during fire fighting are low level thermal radiation and high intensity flashover fire. With the simulation of these thermal hazards in the lab, the heat flux behind exposed clothing composites are characterized with flux rise rate and peak heat flux. Comparisons were performed on the prediction differences of clothing system made using Henriques Burn integral and Stoll criteria under different conditions. The study demonstrated that in some cases less difference is predicted by the two methods, while in other cases a significant difference is observed. Several recommendations were made for the qualitative prediction of garment and fabric thermal protective performance under different situations. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1520/jai12117 VL - 2 IS - 2 ER - TY - CONF TI - Aerosol filtration AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Tafreshi, H. C2 - 2005/// DA - 2005/// ER - TY - CONF TI - 2-D and 3-D simulations of nonwovens structures AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Maze, B. C2 - 2005/// DA - 2005/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Warp breaks detection in Jacquard weaving using MEMS AU - Lee, J. AU - Seyam, A.M. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - E., Grant C2 - 2005/// C3 - A new era: National Textile Center Forum, March 20-22, 2005: Textile Institute, 84th Annual World Conference, March 22-25, 2005, Back-to-Back Meetings in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA DA - 2005/// SP - 1-18 PB - [Manchester, England]: The Textile Institute ER - TY - CONF TI - Supply chain analysis of the nonwovens industry: Mapping the structure and major cost drivers within the medical nonwovens pipeline AU - Jones, M. R. AU - Hodge, G. L. AU - Hailey, K. M. C2 - 2005/// C3 - A new era: National Textile Center Forum, March 20-22, 2005: Textile Institute, 84th Annual World Conference, March 22-25, 2005, Back-to-Back Meetings in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA DA - 2005/// PB - [Manchester, England]: The Textile Institute ER - TY - CONF TI - Novel pH or temperature responsive polymer materials AU - McCord, M.G. AU - Wang, X. AU - Matthews, S. AU - Christie, M. C2 - 2005/// C3 - A new era: National Textile Center Forum, March 20-22, 2005: Textile Institute, 84th Annual World Conference, March 22-25, 2005, Back-to-Back Meetings in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA DA - 2005/// PB - [Manchester, England]: The Textile Institute ER - TY - JOUR TI - Morphology evolution of a liquid crystalline polymer confined by highly packed glass beads in polycarbonate AU - Chen, P AU - Zhang, J AU - He, JS T2 - POLYMER AB - Very long and perfectly oriented fibrils of a liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) were in situ formed in capillary flows by adding large amounts of glass beads (GB) to a polycarbonate (PC)/LCP blend. Thermodynamically the different interfacial tensions between the components made GB migrate to the LCP phase. Then the high content of GB spheres produced a confined condition, so that the LCP droplets passed through the simultaneously formed micro-capillaries, followed by being stretched into fibrils and stabilized consequently. DA - 2005/8/23/ PY - 2005/8/23/ DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.123 VL - 46 IS - 18 SP - 7652-7657 SN - 1873-2291 KW - hybrid composites KW - LCP KW - morphology ER - TY - CONF TI - Investigation of the characteristics of surface deposits on wool fibre dyed with metal-complex dyes AU - Basher, M.K. AU - Wardman, R.H. AU - R., Shamey C2 - 2005/// C3 - A new era: National Textile Center Forum, March 20-22, 2005: Textile Institute, 84th Annual World Conference, March 22-25, 2005, Back-to-Back Meetings in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA DA - 2005/// PB - [Manchester, England]: The Textile Institute ER - TY - JOUR TI - Increased flow property of polycarbonate by adding hollow glass beads AU - Chen, P AU - Zhang, J AU - He, JS T2 - POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE AB - Abstract The steady shear viscosity and dynamic viscoelastic properties of glass beads (GB) filled polycarbonate (PC) melts were studied at varying filler diameters and concentrations. The PC/GB composites containing small amounts of GB bore lower melt viscosity and dynamic modulus than those of pure PC at studied frequencies and shear rates, showing a “ball‐bearings” effect. For highly filled systems, the viscosity and dynamic modulus were decreased further at higher frequencies and shear rates. This ball‐bearings effect was enhanced by changing the GB from larger to smaller one. The oscillatory experiments with modified shear stress showed a stress‐dependent decrease of the viscoelastic properties, and revealed an interfacial slip mechanism, combined with the polymer chains disentanglement at melt/solid interfaces. The scaling relationship between the relative viscosity and the mean interparticle gap confirmed that the interfacial slip and polymer chains disentanglement were induced by the extremely high local shear developed in the narrow gaps between the nearby rotating spheres. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1119–1131, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers DA - 2005/8// PY - 2005/8// DO - 10.1002/pen.20382 VL - 45 IS - 8 SP - 1119-1131 SN - 1548-2634 ER - TY - CONF TI - Implications of e-business for textile manufacturing companies AU - Cagle, C. AU - Hodge, G. C2 - 2005/// C3 - A new era: National Textile Center Forum, March 20-22, 2005: Textile Institute, 84th Annual World Conference, March 22-25, 2005, Back-to-Back Meetings in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA DA - 2005/// PB - [Manchester, England]: The Textile Institute ER - TY - CONF TI - Examination of the factors surrounding the implementation of niche market strategy AU - Parrish E.D., Cassill N.L. AU - W., Oxenham C2 - 2005/// C3 - A new era: National Textile Center Forum, March 20-22, 2005: Textile Institute, 84th Annual World Conference, March 22-25, 2005, Back-to-Back Meetings in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA DA - 2005/// SP - 1-14 PB - [Manchester, England]: The Textile Institute ER - TY - JOUR TI - Energy, water and pollution reductions with fiber reactive dyes and cationized cotton AU - Hauser, P.J AU - Slopek, R.P. T2 - Colourage Annual DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 52 IS - 9 SP - 61-66 ER - TY - CONF TI - Computer modeling of fiber movements in high-speed airflow AU - Cai Y., AU - W., Oxenham C2 - 2005/// C3 - A new era: National Textile Center Forum, March 20-22, 2005: Textile Institute, 84th Annual World Conference, March 22-25, 2005, Back-to-Back Meetings in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA DA - 2005/// SP - 1-10 PB - [Manchester, England]: The Textile Institute ER - TY - CHAP TI - Chemical analysis of fabric finishes and performance related tests AU - Hauser, P.J. T2 - Chemical testing of textiles PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1533/9781845690694.107 SP - 107-125 PB - Boca Raton: Crc Press SN - 9780849334832 ER - TY - CONF TI - Automatic warp breaks monitoring and repair in Jacquard weaving using MEMS : Instrumentation and signal analysis AU - Lee, J. AU - Seyam, A. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Grant, E. AU - Oxenham, W. C2 - 2005/// C3 - A new era: National Textile Center Forum, March 20-22, 2005: Textile Institute, 84th Annual World Conference, March 22-25, 2005, Back-to-Back Meetings in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA DA - 2005/// PB - [Manchester, England]: The Textile Institute ER - TY - CONF TI - Application of MEMS in yarn processing and quality control: Dynamic yarn tension measurement and control in two for one twisting mechanism AU - Shankam, V. P. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Seyam, A. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Grant, G. C2 - 2005/// C3 - A new era: National Textile Center Forum, March 20-22, 2005: Textile Institute, 84th Annual World Conference, March 22-25, 2005, Back-to-Back Meetings in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA DA - 2005/// PB - [Manchester, England]: The Textile Institute ER - TY - CONF TI - Application of MEMS in yarn processing and quality control: Dynamic yarn tension measurement and control in direct cabling machines AU - Shankam, V.P. AU - Seyam, A.M. AU - Oxenham W., Hodge G. AU - E., Grant C2 - 2005/// C3 - A new era: National Textile Center Forum, March 20-22, 2005: Textile Institute, 84th Annual World Conference, March 22-25, 2005, Back-to-Back Meetings in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA DA - 2005/// SP - 1-9 PB - [Manchester, England]: The Textile Institute ER - TY - BOOK TI - Advances in fuel cells AU - Zhang, X. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// PB - Kerala, India: Research Signpost, SN - 9788130800264 ER - TY - CONF TI - A comprehensive list of location factors for global investment decisions AU - Uncu, S. AU - Jones, M. AU - Hodge, G. C2 - 2005/// C3 - A new era: National Textile Center Forum, March 20-22, 2005: Textile Institute, 84th Annual World Conference, March 22-25, 2005, Back-to-Back Meetings in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA DA - 2005/// PB - [Manchester, England]: The Textile Institute ER - TY - CONF TI - A comparative study of selected pigments used in the coloration of polypropylene fibres AU - Ahmed, S.I. AU - Shamey, R. AU - Mather, R.R. AU - Christie, R.M. AU - Morgan, K.M. C2 - 2005/// C3 - A new era: National Textile Center Forum, March 20-22, 2005: Textile Institute, 84th Annual World Conference, March 22-25, 2005, Back-to-Back Meetings in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA DA - 2005/// PB - [Manchester, England]: The Textile Institute ER - TY - CHAP TI - Conventional and novel polymerizations and physical properties of polyesters AU - Pang, K. AU - Kotek, R. AU - Tonelli, A.E. T2 - Focus on polymer research A2 - G.E. Zaikov, A2 - Monakov, Y. B. PY - 2005/// PB - New York: Nova Science Publishers SN - 9781594541469 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabric defect detection using a GA trained wavelet filter AU - Jasper, W. AU - Joines, J. A. AU - Brezenvich, J. T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute AB - Abstract This paper presents a method to design a wavelet-filter that minimizes entropy in the wavelet transform of images of woven fabrics. Filters that minimize entropy in images tend to filter out fabric texture while highlighting fabric defects. The design of the wavelet filter is couched as a non-convex optimization problem which is solved using a hybridized Genetic Algorithm. Three distinct filters are tuned to detect horizontal, vertical and blob defects in woven fabrics. In addition to texture filtering, defect segmentation, noise removal, and object extraction are presented. The effects of shifting on the optimized set of coefficients is also explored. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1533/joti.2004.0057 VL - 96 IS - 1 SP - 43–54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Washfastness improvement for heavy shade microdenier nylon 6,6, fabric T2 - AATCC Review DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 5 IS - 8 SP - 36-40 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of yarn appearance on apparent quality of weft knitted fabrics AU - POURDEYHIMI, BEHNAM AU - Semnani, D. AU - Latifi, M. AU - Tehran, M. A. AU - Merati, A. A. T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute AB - Abstract This research has attempted to present a novel definition for apparent quality of weft knitted fabrics and their used yarns using the image analysis method and linear functions, which are calculated by neural networks. First, standard boards of yarn were analyzed using the image analysis method and artificial neural networks. Then, samples of plain, cross-miss and plain pique fabrics and their used yarns were tested for appearance. The results show that the correlation between apparent quality of knitted fabrics and their yarns is very strong. The ANOVA test confirmed that there is a strong influence of yarn type and fabric structure on fabric apparent quality. Although the yarn type has a strong effect on fabric appearance, the effect of fabric structure on its appearance is not remarkable. Other results show that the quality of the knitted fabric depends on the features of the raw materials and the effects of different knit elements. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1533/joti.2005.0003 VL - 96 IS - 5 SP - 295–301 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of appearance grading method of cotton yarns for various types of yarns AU - POURDEYHIMI, BEHNAM AU - Semnani, D. AU - Latifi, M. AU - Tehran, M. A. AU - Merati, A. A. T2 - Research Journal of Textile & Apparel AB - In this research, a new method is developed for grading various types of yarn for appearance using image analysis and an artificial neural network. The images of standard yarn boards were analyzed by image analysis and four different faults factors were defined and measured for each series of yarn counts. For each series of yarn counts, a neural network with one layer was trained by measured fault factors of standard boards. The trained neural networks were used for grading various types of yarns. The yarns were also graded by the conventional standard method. The results of grading various types of yarns by image analysis and conventional standard method are compared. We found a strong correlation between the results of grading by two methods. Whereas, in the image analysis method, the grading procedure is not dependent on yarn structure and raw materials, we concluded that it is possible to use this method for grading of any types of yarns based on their apparent features. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1108/rjta-09-04-2005-b009 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 886–893 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Advances and trends in textile wet processing chemicals AU - Hauser, P.J. T2 - Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 5 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Yarn quality beauty is in the eye of the beholder AU - Oxenham, W. T2 - Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 30 IS - 4 SP - 353-354 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Computer modeling of fiber movements in high speed airflow AU - Cai, Y. AU - Oxenham, W. T2 - Research Journal of Textile & Apparel DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 77-85 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The use of niche market strategy by US textile and apparel firms AU - Parrish E. D., Cassill N. L. AU - Oxenham W., AU - Jones M. R., T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute AB - Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine how a niche market strategy can be used by the United States textile and apparel industry to compete with lower priced imports. A quantitative study was conducted in Spring 2003 that utilized an online survey, based on a deductive model of research (Creswell, 2003). Results showed that the majority of companies surveyed are currently using a niche market strategy. However, the company's approach to the strategy varied among industry sectors. Also, the variables that need to be in place for this strategy to be successful were discovered, in addition to the various methodologies that can be used to identify potential niche markets. The research results can be used in business strategy formulation to create and maintain niche markets as well as to provide a research framework for international textile and apparel researchers. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1533/joti.2004.0027 VL - 96 IS - 2 SP - 77-85 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel thermoresponsive fabrics: poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) grafted cotton using atmospheric plasma treatment AU - McCord, M. G. AU - Wang, X. T2 - Textile Research Journal DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 75 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developments in worsted spinning AU - W., Oxenham AU - C., Cagle T2 - Textile Asia DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 38-46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The application of biotextiles in tissue engineering AU - King, M. W. AU - Sumanasinghe, R. T2 - Research Journal of Textile & Apparel DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 9 SP - 80-90 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Solvent-free composite PEO-ceramic fiber/mat electrolytes for lithium secondary cells AU - Wang, CS AU - Zhang, XW AU - Appleby, AJ T2 - JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY AB - Solvent-free composite poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-ceramic fiber or mat electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and good interfacial stability have been developed using high-ionic-conductivity fibers and mats. The conducting ceramic fibers can penetrate the cross section of the electrolyte film to provide long-range lithium-ion transfer channels, thus producing composite electrolytes with high conductivity. In this work, a maximum room-temperature conductivity of S cm−1 was achieved for 20 wt % fiber in a PEO- mixture containing 12.5 wt % in PEO. The maximum transference number obtained was 0.7. The ceramic fibers in this composite electrolyte are coated by a very thin PEO layer, which is sufficient to provide good interfacial stability with lithium-ion and lithium-metal anodes. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1149/1.1828952 VL - 152 IS - 1 SP - A205-A209 SN - 0013-4651 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178371/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impedance spectra of carbon black filled high-density polyethylene composites AU - Wang, YJ AU - Pan, Y AU - Zhang, XW AU - Tan, K T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Carbon black (CB) filled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites are prepared by ordinary blending for use as an electrical conductive polymer composite. The composite changes from an electrical insulator to a conductor as the CB content is increased from 10 to 20 wt %, which is called the percolation region. For explanatory purposes, three models, namely, “conduction via nonohmic contacting chain,” “conduction via ohmic contacting chain,” and a mixture of them corresponding to the conductions in the percolation region, high CB loading region, and limiting high CB loading are proposed by the reasonable configurations of aggregate resistance, contact resistance, gap capacitance, and joining aggregates induction. The characters of the impedance spectra based on the three models are theoretically analyzed. In order to find some link between the electrical conductivity and the CB dispersion manner in the composites, the impedance spectra of three samples, HDPE/15 wt % CB (the center of the percolation region), HDPE/25 wt % CB (a typical point in the high CB loading region), and HDPE/19 wt % CB (the limiting high CB loading region), are measured by plotting the impedance modulus and phase angle against the frequency and by drawing the Cole–Cole circle of the imaginary part and real part of the impedance modulus of each sample. The modeled approached spectra and the spectra measured on the three samples are compared and the following results are found: the measured impedance spectrum of HDPE/15 wt % CB (percolation region) is quite close to the model of conduction via nonohmic contacting chain. The character of the measured spectrum of HDPE/25 wt % CB consists of the form of the model of conduction via ohmic contacting chain. The impedance behavior of HDPE/19 wt % CB exhibits a mixture of the two models. From the comparisons, it is concluded that the electrical conducting network in the percolation region of the CB filled HDPE composite is composed of aggregate resistance, nonohmic contact resistance, and gap capacitance, and that of the high CB loading region consists of continuously joined CB aggregate chains, which are possibly wound and assume helix‐like (not straight lines) conductive chains, acting as electrical inductions as the current passes through. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1344–1350, 2005 DA - 2005/11/5/ PY - 2005/11/5/ DO - 10.1002/app.22297 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 1344-1350 SN - 1097-4628 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178385/ KW - composites KW - polyethylene KW - modulus KW - chain ER - TY - PAT TI - Sock for detection of pressure points on feet AU - Horton, J. M. AU - Hinks, D. AU - El-Shafei, A. C2 - 2005/// DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Warp break detection in Jacquard weaving AU - Lee, J. AU - Seyam, A. M. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Grant, E. T2 - Textile Asia DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 36 IS - 7 SP - 29-34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Supply chain analysis of the nonwovens industry AU - Jones, M. R. AU - Hodge, G. L. AU - Hailey, K. M. T2 - Textile Asia DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 36 IS - 9 SP - 35-44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Application of MEMS in yarn processing and quality control AU - Shamkam, V. P. AU - Seyam, A. M. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Grant, E. T2 - Textile Asia DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 36 IS - 12 SP - 52-54 ER - TY - CONF TI - The effect of select lanaset dyes on the degradation of knitted nylon AU - Shamey, R. AU - Sinha, K. M. AU - Christie, R. M. C2 - 2005/// C3 - 2005 Fiber Society Spring Conference, Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland DA - 2005/// SP - 100 PB - Zurich: Federal Institute of Technology ER - TY - CONF TI - Towards global color control in the textile supply chain: The role of lighting in color perception AU - Hinks, D. AU - Noor, K. AU - Shamey, R. AU - Cardenas, L. AU - Jasper, W. AU - Cassill, N. AU - Aspland, J.R. C2 - 2005/// C3 - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, International Conference & Exhibition DA - 2005/// SP - 14-23 PB - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists ER - TY - CONF TI - The effect of addition of nano TiO2 on mechanical properties of nylon fibres AU - Shamey, R. AU - Sinha, M. K. AU - Christie, R. M. C2 - 2005/// C3 - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, International Conference & Exhibition (AATCC-ICE) 2005 DA - 2005/// SP - 232-237 PB - American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists ER - TY - CONF TI - Numerical simulation of dyebath and the influence of dispersion factor On dye transport simulation: Mission critical AU - Shamey, R. AU - Zhao, X. AU - Wardman, R. H. C2 - 2005/// C3 - Winter Simulation 2005 Conference DA - 2005/// SP - 2395-2398 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CRITICAL SOLUTIONS IN THE DYEING OF COTTON TEXTILE MATERIALS AU - Shamey, R. AU - Hussein, T. T2 - TEXTILE PROGRESS AB - Abstract Over the decades there have been several papers on the coloration of cotton-based textiles. The number of articles dealing with the processing of cotton, including preparation, dyeing, and finishing, may be in the thousands. An investigation of the possible causes of problems occurring in the coloration of textiles revealed that a comprehensive review of case studies and scientific analysis would be a welcome addition to the already rich pool of knowledge in this area. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1533/tepr.2005.0001 VL - 37 IS - 1-2 SP - 1-84 SN - 1754-2278 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-20744455053&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Cotton KW - troubleshooting KW - pretreatment KW - dyeing KW - dyes KW - colorants ER - TY - JOUR TI - A new approach for modelling fluid flow through a yarn package AU - Zhao, X. AU - Shamey, Renzo AU - Wardman, R. H. T2 - Research Journal of Textile & Apparel AB - A novel approach of modelling of flow in yarn package has been presented which illustrates a comprehensive analysis of flow properties in package dyeing process by coupling the Navier- Stokes equations with Brinkman equations. Navier-Stokes equations are also combined with Darcy’s law to be used as reference. The model allows the user to specify inflow rate, liquor pressures, package geometry (inner radius, outer radius, and height), package permeability, fluid viscosity, and temperature. The results of simulation present the velocity and pressure distribution of the flow through the package (both in the tube and the yarn assembly). The influence of shear stress on flow within the package is also discussed. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1108/rjta-09-03-2005-b010 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 64–70 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tunable CO2 transport through mixed polyether membranes AU - Patel, NP AU - Hunt, MA AU - Lin-Gibson, S AU - Bencherif, S AU - Spontak, RJ T2 - JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE AB - Gas-separation membranes composed of polyethers such as poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGda) or poly(propylene glycol)diacrylate (PPGda) exhibit high CO2 solubility selectivity, which makes them attractive for use in H2 and air purification. In this work, we investigate the factors governing CO2 and H2 transport in mixed polyether matrices. Addition of semicrystalline poly(ethylene oxide)s to amorphous PEGda lowers the net CO2 permeability and CO2/H2 selectivity due to crystal formation. Gas permeation through the amorphous fraction, however, remains unaffected, confirming the existence of a molecular weight limit below which the entire membrane participates in gas transport. The permeabilities of CO2 and H2, as well as their activation energy of permeation, in miscible PEGda/PPGda blends follow the linear rule of mixtures over the temperature range explored. Incorporation of amine moieties employed in liquid membranes into either the PEGda matrix during crosslinking or the PEG backbone generally reduces CO2/H2 selectivity but occasionally improves CO2 permeability. DA - 2005/4/1/ PY - 2005/4/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.11.003 VL - 251 IS - 1-2 SP - 51-57 SN - 1873-3123 KW - polyether KW - gas-separation membrane KW - reverse selectivity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Moisture vapor transport behavior of polyester knit fabrics AU - Prahsarn, C AU - Barker, RL AU - Gupta, BS T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - A test method that measures microclimate drying time is used to compare the ability of different knit materials to dissipate moisture vapor from a saturated clothing environment to the ambient atmosphere. The performance assessment provided by this novel method is compared with those from common test methods. The latter include measures of the moisture vapor transmission rate provided by the upright cup and the evaporative thermal resistance provided by the sweating guarded hot plate procedure. Upright cup and sweating hot plate measurements are shown to be predominately influenced by fabric thickness, but microclimate drying time, or the time-dependent dissipation of accumulated moisture vapor, assessed by the new method is most influenced by the pore characteristics of the fabric. Moisture vapor transmission through fabrics is assumed to be controlled mostly by fiber, yarn, and fabric variables that determine fabric thickness and porosity. Therefore, constructional variables that lead to thin knit structures, with unobstructed interyarn pores, are shown to be important considerations for designing fabrics with optimum moisture vapor dissipation properties. DA - 2005/4// PY - 2005/4// DO - 10.1177/0040517505053811 VL - 75 IS - 4 SP - 346-351 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Visual color difference evaluation, mind the conditions AU - Kuehni, R. G. T2 - AATCC Review DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 5 IS - 9 SP - 27-28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Two-dimensional spin-diffusion NMR reveals differential mixing in biodegradable polymer blends AU - Jia, X AU - Wang, XW AU - Tonelli, AE AU - White, JL T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - Length scales of mixing in amorphous blends of solid PCL (polycaprolactone) and PLLA (poly-l-lactic acid) were investigated as a function of preparation method. A recently described two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (Hetcor) spin-diffusion technique (Jia et al. Macromolecules 2003, 36, 712) revealed that PCL/PLLA blends with shorter length scales of mixing, relative to solution blending, could be prepared using inclusion-compound coalescence methods (Rusa et al. Macromolecules 2000, 33, 5321). These biocompatible and biodegradable polymer blends provide a clear example of the utility of the 2D Hetcor spin-diffusion method for quantitative miscibility and phase analysis in amorphous macromolecules and their blends. The rates for intrapolymer polarization transfer vs interchain/interdomain polarization equilibration were easily differentiated using the 2D technique for either blend. As a result, spin-diffusion coefficients and miscibility length scales could be calculated by direct measurement on the blend constituents, while more traditional methods involving NMR relaxation proved inconclusive. DA - 2005/4/5/ PY - 2005/4/5/ DO - 10.1021/ma047838h VL - 38 IS - 7 SP - 2775-2780 SN - 1520-5835 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Poly(vinyl alcohol) desizing mechanism via atmospheric pressure plasma exposure AU - Matthews, , SR AU - McCord, MG AU - Bourham, MA T2 - PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS AB - Abstract Summary: Atmospheric plasma desizing of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films was investigated using PVA films supplied by MonoSol LLC®. The MonoSol (MS) films were exposed to atmospheric plasma for 0.5 to 5.0 min in thirty‐second increments with additional specimens exposed for 8.0 and 10.0 min durations. Plasma treatment included exposure to helium plasma (He), oxygenated‐helium plasma (He/O 2 ), and helium/carbon tetrafluoride (He/CF 4 ) plasma. The treated films were characterized by weight loss, surface ablation, molecular weight, and solubility. Weight loss data suggested a mechanism of continual ablation, which increases with increased exposure time until saturation. Redeposition of ablated species may take place because the treatment is in a closed‐geometry and thus the saturation trend slightly changes. Thickness changes/surface ablation is in good correlation with the weight loss trends, which suggests that the ablation mechanism is responsible for surface removal. Gel permeation chromatography showed a progressive reduction in the weight‐average molecular weight of the PVA chains with increasing treatment durations. This reduction is attributed to chain‐scission caused by plasma exposure. Solubility tests showed an increase in solubility of plasma‐exposed films in methanol, with a decrease in swelling. These results correlate well with the chain‐scission observed through GPC and weight loss trends. On‐line atmospheric pressure plasma desizing of textile materials. magnified image On‐line atmospheric pressure plasma desizing of textile materials. DA - 2005/11/23/ PY - 2005/11/23/ DO - 10.1002/ppap.200500056 VL - 2 IS - 9 SP - 702-708 SN - 1612-8869 KW - atmospheric pressure plasma KW - desizing KW - gel permeation chromatography KW - plasma surface modifications KW - poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) KW - surface ablation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Morphology and dynamics of the poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-b-poly(L-lactide) diblock copolymer and its inclusion compound with alpha-cyclodextrin: A solid-state C-13 NMR study AU - Porbeni, FE AU - Shin, ID AU - Shuai, XT AU - Wang, XW AU - White, JL AU - Jia, X AU - Tonelli, AE T2 - JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS AB - Abstract A biodegradable diblock copolymer of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) was synthesized and characterized. The inclusion compound (IC) of this copolymer with α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) was formed and characterized. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction showed that in the IC crystals α‐CDs were packed in the channel mode, which isolated and restricted the individual guest copolymer chains to highly extended conformation. Solid‐state 13 C NMR techniques were used to investigate the morphology and dynamics of both the bulk and α‐CD‐IC isolated PCL‐ b ‐PLLA chains. The conformation of the PCL blocks isolated within the α‐CD cavities was similar to the crystalline conformation of PCL blocks in the bulk copolymer. Spin–lattice relaxation time ( T 1 C ) measurements revealed a dramatic difference in the mobilities of the semicrystalline bulk copolymer chains and those isolated in the α‐CD‐IC channels. Carbon‐observed proton spin–lattice relaxation in the rotating frame measurements ( T 1ρ H ) showed that the bulk copolymer was phase‐separated, while, in the IC, exchange of proton magnetization through spin‐diffusion between the isolated guest polymer chains and the host α‐CD was not complete. The two‐dimensional solid‐state heteronuclear correlation (HetCor) method was also employed to monitor proton communication in these samples. Intrablock exchange of proton magnetization was observed in both the bulk semicrystalline and IC copolymer samples at short mixing times; however, even at the longest mixing time, interblock proton communication was not observed in either sample. In spite of the physical closeness between the isolated included guest chains and the host α‐CD molecules, efficient proton spin diffusion was not observed between them in the IC. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2086–2096, 2005 DA - 2005/8/1/ PY - 2005/8/1/ DO - 10.1002/polb.20490 VL - 43 IS - 15 SP - 2086-2096 SN - 1099-0488 KW - biodegradable KW - cyclodextrin inclusion compound KW - diblock PCL-b-PLLA copolymer KW - inclusion chemistry KW - molecular dynamics KW - solid-state C-13 NMR ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intimate blending of binary polymer systems from their common cyclodextrin inclusion compounds AU - Uyar, T AU - Rusa, CC AU - Wang, XW AU - Rusa, M AU - Hacaloglu, J AU - Tonelli, AE T2 - JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS AB - Abstract A procedure for the formation of intimate blends of three binary polymer systems polycarbonate (PC)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), PC/poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and PMMA/PVAc is described. PC/PMMA, PC/PVAc, and PMMA/PVAc pairs were included in γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD) channels and were then simultaneously coalesced from their common γ‐CD inclusion compounds (ICs) to obtain intimately mixed blends. The formation of ICs between polymer pairs and γ‐CD were confirmed by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was observed [solution 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)] that the ratios of polymers in coalesced PC/PMMA and PC/PVAc binary blends are significantly different than the starting ratios, and PC was found to be preferentially included in γ‐CD channels when compared with PMMA or PVAc. Physical mixtures of polymer pairs were also prepared by coprecipitation and solution casting methods for comparison. DSC, solid‐state 1 H NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and direct insertion probe pyrolysis mass spectrometry (DIP‐MS) data indicated that the PC/PMMA, PC/PVAc, and PMMA/PVAc binary polymer blends were homogeneously mixed when they were coalesced from their ICs. A single, common glass transition temperature ( T g ) recorded by DSC heating scans strongly suggested the presence of a homogeneous amorphous phase in the coalesced binary polymer blends, which is retained after thermal cycling to 270 °C. The physical mixture samples showed two distinct T g s and 1 H T 1ρ values for the polymer components, which indicated phase‐separated blends with domain sizes above 5 nm, while the coalesced blends exhibited uniform 1 H spin‐lattice relaxation values, indicating intimate blending in the coalesced samples. The TGA results of coalesced and physical binary blends of PC/PMMA and PC/PVAc reveal that in the presence of PC, the thermal stability of both PMMA and PVAc increases. Yet, the presence of PMMA and PVAc decreases the thermal stability of PC itself. DIP‐MS observations suggested that the degradation mechanisms of the polymers changed in the coalesced blends, which was attributed to the presence of molecular interactions between the well‐mixed polymer components in the coalesced samples. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2578–2593, 2005 DA - 2005/9/15/ PY - 2005/9/15/ DO - 10.1002/polb.20546 VL - 43 IS - 18 SP - 2578-2593 SN - 1099-0488 KW - cyclodextrin KW - inclusion compound KW - miscibility KW - blend KW - polycarbonate KW - poly(methyl methacrylate) KW - poly(vinyl acetate) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of beta-sheet crystals on the thermal and rheological behavior of protein-based hydrogels derived from gelatin and silk fibroin AU - Gil, ES AU - Spontak, RJ AU - Hudson, SM T2 - MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE AB - Novel protein-based hydrogels have been prepared by blending gelatin (G) with amorphous Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) and subsequently promoting the formation of beta-sheet crystals in SF upon exposure to methanol or methanol/water solutions. Differential scanning calorimetry of the resultant hydrogels confirms the presence and thermoreversibility of the G helix-coil transition between ambient and body temperature at high G concentrations. At low G concentrations, this transition is shifted to higher temperatures and becomes progressively less pronounced. Complementary dynamic rheological measurements reveal solid-liquid cross-over at the G helix-coil transition temperature typically between 30 and 36 degrees C in blends prior to the formation of beta-sheet crystals. Introducing the beta-sheet conformation in SF stabilizes the hydrogel network and extends the solid-like behavior of the hydrogels to elevated temperatures beyond body temperature with as little as 10 wt.-% SF. The temperature-dependent elastic modulus across the G helix-coil transition is reversible, indicating that the conformational change in G can be used in stabilized G/SF hydrogels to induce thermally triggered encapsulant release. DA - 2005/8/12/ PY - 2005/8/12/ DO - 10.1002/mabi.200500076 VL - 5 IS - 8 SP - 702-709 SN - 1616-5187 KW - gelatin KW - helix-coil transition KW - hydrogels KW - polymer network KW - silk fibroin ER - TY - JOUR TI - A note on jet streaks in hydroentangled nonwovens AU - Shim, E AU - Pourdeyhimi, B T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Hydroentanglement is the fastest growing bonding method in the nonwoven arena. Its strengths are good fabric aesthetics, and the lack of any complex binder chemistry with its inherent environmental concerns. Hydroentanglement is used for mechanically bonding both staple and filament nonwovens as well as being used for post-treatment of fabrics. As hydroentangling uses fine, closely spaced, high-speed waterjets, they create ridges or streaks that are quite visible to the naked eye. This may be undesirable if it interferes with other textures on the surface or if a smooth flat surface is desired. This study reports on methodology used for the analysis of jet streaks using texture-based methods. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1177/0040517505053955 VL - 75 IS - 7 SP - 569-577 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthetic dyes based on environmental considerations. Part 4: Aquatic toxicity of iron-complexed formazan dyes AU - Edwards, L. C. AU - Freeman, H. S. T2 - Coloration Technology AB - It has been shown in previous papers that iron can replace toxic metals such as chromium and cobalt in a range of azo metal complexes without adversely affecting their technical or mutagenic properties. Part 3 of this series reported aquatic toxicity assessment of a series of iron complex azo dyes using Lemna minor. The present paper extends this to a range of formazan dyes. The effect on aquatic toxicity of using iron as the complexing metal, and of dyebath decolorisation by ozonolysis, have been examined. The results confirm that iron-complexed formazan dyes are generally nontoxic. On the other hand, unlike the azo dyes studied previously, ozonolysis of aqueous solutions of iron complex formazan dyes was not found to cause a decrease in pH and therefore any increase in toxicity to Lemna minor. Received: 30 April 2005; Accepted: 23 June 2005. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2005.tb00285.x VL - 121 IS - 5 SP - 271-274 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthetic dyes based on environmental considerations. Part 3: Aquatic toxicity of iron-complexed azo dyes AU - Edwards, L. C. AU - Freeman, H. S. T2 - Coloration Technology AB - In previous papers it has been shown that chromium or cobalt in metal-complexed azo dyes can be replaced by iron without adversely affecting the dyeing or mutagenic properties. Before commercial exploitation could be considered, an assessment of the aquatic toxicity of the iron complex dyes was important. The effect of replacing chromium and cobalt with iron on the aquatic toxicity of metal complex acid dyes for polyamide and protein substrates has been assessed in terms of the effect on Lemna minor (duckweed). A similar assessment has been carried out to show the effect on toxicity of dyebath decolorisation using ozonolysis. The results confirm that iron-complexed dyes are generally less toxic than the corresponding chromium or cobalt complexes, and that ozonolysis of aqueous solutions causes an increase in both pH and toxicity to Lemna minor. Received: 30 April 2005; Accepted: 23 June 2005. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2005.tb00284.x VL - 121 IS - 5 SP - 265-270 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Swelling behavior and morphological evolution of mixed gelatin/silk fibroin hydrogels AU - Gil, ES AU - Frankowski, DJ AU - Spontak, RJ AU - Hudson, SM T2 - BIOMACROMOLECULES AB - Mixed protein-based hydrogels have been prepared by blending gelatin (G) with amorphous Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) and promoting β-crystallization of SF via subsequent exposure to methanol or methanol/water solutions. The introduction of β crystals in SF serves to stabilize the hydrogel network and extend the solidlike behavior of these thermally responsive materials to elevated temperatures beyond the helix→coil (h→c) transition of G. In this work, we investigate the swelling and protein release kinetics of G/SF hydrogels varying in composition at temperatures below and above the G h→c transition. At 20 °C, G and G-rich mixed hydrogels display evidence of moderate swelling with negligible mass loss in aqueous solution, resulting in porous polymer matrixes upon solvent removal according to electron microscopy. When the solution temperature is increased beyond the G h→c transition to body temperature (37 °C), these gels exhibit much higher swelling with considerable mass loss due to dissolution and release of G. The extent to which these properties respond to temperature decreases systematically with increasing SF content. The unique temperature- and composition-dependent properties of G/SF hydrogels dictate the efficacy of these novel materials as stimuli-responsive delivery vehicles. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1021/bm050396c VL - 6 IS - 6 SP - 3079-3087 SN - 1526-4602 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolyte nanlayers on natural fibres: cotton AU - Hyde, K AU - Rusa, M AU - Hinestroza, J T2 - NANOTECHNOLOGY AB - The layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) over cotton fibres is reported. Cotton fibres offer unique challenges to the deposition of nanolayers because of their unique cross section as well as the chemical heterogeneity of their surface. Cationic cotton substrates were produced by using 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride. Attenuated total reflectance FTIR, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to validate the presence of the nanolayers as well as to corroborate their self-organized structure. TEM images indicated conformal and uniform coating of the cotton fibres. XPS spectral data were found to be in quantitative agreement with previous published work that studied the LbL deposition of PSS and PAH over synthetic substrates. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1088/0957-4484/16/7/017 VL - 16 IS - 7 SP - S422-S428 SN - 1361-6528 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of new metallized direct dyes for mutagenicity using the Salmonella mammalian mutagenicity assay AU - Bae, JS AU - Freeman, HS T2 - FIBERS AND POLYMERS DA - 2005/9// PY - 2005/9// DO - 10.1007/BF02875648 VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 235-243 SN - 1229-9197 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of new direct dyes for mutagenicity using the Salmonella mammalian mutagenicity assay AU - Bae, JS AU - Freeman, HS T2 - FIBERS AND POLYMERS DA - 2005/12// PY - 2005/12// DO - 10.1007/BF02875665 VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 297-305 SN - 1875-0052 KW - direct dyes KW - mutagenicity KW - salmonella KW - benzidine KW - genotoxicity KW - azo dyes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterizing of model direct dyes interactions with cotton cellulose via 1D and 2D Raman spectroscopy AU - Pielesz, A AU - Weselucha-Birczynska, A AU - Freeman, HS AU - Wlochowicz, A T2 - CELLULOSE DA - 2005/10// PY - 2005/10// DO - 10.1007/s10570-005-7132-6 VL - 12 IS - 5 SP - 497-506 SN - 1572-882X KW - 1D and 2D Raman spectroscopy KW - cotton cellulose KW - dye interactions with cellulose KW - model direct dyes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adsorption of polyethylene and polypropylene by zeolites: Inside or outside? AU - Wang, XW AU - Rusa, CC AU - Hunt, MA AU - Tonelli, AE AU - Macko, T AU - Pasch, H T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTAdsorption of Polyethylene and Polypropylene by Zeolites: Inside or Outside?Xingwu Wang, Cristian C. Rusa, Marcus A. Hunt, Alan E. Tonelli, Tibor Macko, and Harald PaschView Author Information Fiber & Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8301, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, and German Institute for Polymers, Schlossgartenstr. 6, D-64289, Darmstadt, Germany Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 25, 10341–10345Publication Date (Web):November 8, 2005Publication History Received5 August 2005Revised25 October 2005Published online8 November 2005Published inissue 1 December 2005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma051748aCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views412Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. 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Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (125 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Chromatography,Differential scanning calorimetry,Polyethylene,Polymers,Zeolites Get e-Alerts DA - 2005/12/13/ PY - 2005/12/13/ DO - 10.1021/MA051748a VL - 38 IS - 25 SP - 10341-10345 SN - 1520-5835 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stress relaxation of tufted carpets and carpet components: Analysis of the tufted carpet structure AU - Phillips, KJ AU - Ghosh, TK AU - Dickey, DA T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Dimensional stability of tufted carpets has been a continuing problem in the carpet industry for years. When a tufted carpet is installed by the stretch-in method, it experiences stress relaxation over time which can cause the carpet to buckle, wrinkle and become loose with the only option being a costly re-stretching of the carpet. Analysis of the various components of the tufted carpet composite structure was performed to identify the role each component plays in the phenomenon of stress relaxation. A biaxial loading system was used to test various samples of the primary backing alone, primary backing after tufting (with tufts), secondary backing alone, and the finished carpet after attaching the backings with various binder weights per area. The four variables under consideration included primary and secondary backing constructions, tufting density, and latex weight. A rheological model that includes representations of each component in the carpet structure was developed and will be presented in a following paper. DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1177/0040517505053844 VL - 75 IS - 6 SP - 485-491 SN - 1746-7748 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reorganization and improvement of bulk polymers by processing with their cyclodextrin inclusion compounds AU - Uyar, T AU - Rusa, CC AU - Hunt, MA AU - Aslan, E AU - Hacaloglu, J AU - Tonelli, AE T2 - POLYMER AB - The formation of polymer-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds of polycarbonate (PC), poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(vinylacetate) (PVAc) guests with host γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) have been successfully achieved. Coalesced bulk polymer samples were obtained by removal of γ-CD from their inclusion compounds (ICs). The chemical and crystalline structures of ICs and coalesced PC, PMMA and PVAc were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The thermal transitions, thermal stability, and degradation mechanisms of the samples were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and direct insertion probe pyrolysis mass spectrometry (DIP-MS). FTIR findings indicated that the chain conformations of the bulk polymers were altered when they were included inside the CD channels and extended chain conformations were retained when coalesced from their ICs. Significant improvements were observed in the thermal transitions observed for the coalesced polymers, with glass transitions shifted to higher temperatures. The TGA results reveal that the thermal stabilities of coalesced polymers increased slightly compared to the corresponding as-received polymers. The DIP-MS observations indicated that the thermal stability and degradation products of the polymers are affected once the polymers chains are included inside the γ-CD-IC cavities. DA - 2005/6/17/ PY - 2005/6/17/ DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.04.002 VL - 46 IS - 13 SP - 4762-4775 SN - 1873-2291 KW - cyclodextrin inclusion compound KW - polycarbonate KW - poly(methyl methacry late) and poly(vinylacetate) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quartz crystal microbalance in elevated temperature viscous liquids: Temperature effect compensation and lubricant degradation monitoring AU - Wang, DX AU - Mousavi, P AU - Hauser, PJ AU - Oxenham, W AU - Grant, CS T2 - COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS AB - The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was extended to investigate viscous liquids at elevated temperatures in both isothermal and non-isothermal systems. An analysis of the frequency–temperature behavior of the QCM resulted in a new approach to compensate for the effect of the rate of temperature rise on the theoretical QCM temperature coefficients. The temperature-dependent viscosities of a series of liquids were evaluated by measuring the damping voltage of QCM. Thermal degradation experiments on pentaerythritol tetrapelargonate based lubricants demonstrated the potential application of QCM as an in situ sensor to evaluate the thermal stability of lubricants or other viscous fluids. The solid residue deposition rates and liquid phase property changes (i.e., product of density and viscosity) were extensively investigated by monitoring variations in the QCM frequency and damping voltage during the lubricant thermally stressing over a temperature range of 150–220 °C. DA - 2005/10/31/ PY - 2005/10/31/ DO - 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.05.075 VL - 268 IS - 1-3 SP - 30-39 SN - 1873-4359 KW - quartz crystal microbalance KW - viscosity KW - deposition KW - lubricant KW - thermal degradation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measuring thermal degradation of a polyol ester lubricant in liquid phase AU - Mousavi, P AU - Wang, DX AU - Grant, CS AU - Oxenham, W AU - Hauser, PJ T2 - INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH AB - Thermal degradation of two polyol ester lubricants with the same base chemical structures from two different manufacturers at high temperature (i.e., 220 °C) has been studied. Gel permeation chromatography was used to identify the high molecular weight products formed during thermal stressing of these lubricants. The amount of high molecular weight products generated at different stages of the degradation (e.g., dimers, oligomers) was quantified. Several other techniques were utilized as a combined analytical approach to provide comprehensive measurement of lubricant degradation in the liquid phase. The mechanism of degradation and the formation of oxidation products have been presented. A significant difference in the extent of degradation of the two lubricants was observed using different analytical techniques. DA - 2005/7/20/ PY - 2005/7/20/ DO - 10.1021/ie049135u VL - 44 IS - 15 SP - 5455-5464 SN - 0888-5885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of helium atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on low-stress mechanical properties of polypropylene nonwoven fabrics AU - Hwang, YJ AU - McCord, MG AU - An, JS AU - Kang, BC AU - Park, SW T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Polypropylene nonwoven fabrics are treated by He atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma. After plasma treatment, weight loss (%), surface properties (wettability, morphology, and chemical composition changes), tensile strength, low-stress mechanical properties, and air permeability of the fabrics are examined. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows significant surface morphology changes in plasma-treated polypropylene fiber surfaces, corresponding to reductions in fabric weight. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that surface oxidation by the formation of hydrophilic groups enhances the surface wettability of the fabrics. Surface morphology changes with plasma treatment increase fiber-to-fiber friction, playing an important role in enhancing their tensile strength, low-stress mechanical properties, and air permeability. DA - 2005/11// PY - 2005/11// DO - 10.1177/0040517505053805 VL - 75 IS - 11 SP - 771-778 SN - 1746-7748 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Conformational changes induced in Bombyx mori silk fibroin by cyclodextrin inclusion complexation AU - Rusa, CC AU - Bridges, C AU - Ha, SW AU - Tonelli, AE T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - We have previously demonstrated that the formation of and coalescence from polymer−cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion compounds (ICs) represents a very useful approach to modify the chain conformations and improve the crystallinity of various bulk polymers. The present work deals, for the first time, with the formation of a γ-CD IC with a natural protein as guest, i.e., silk fibroin from Bombyx mori silkworm. Formation of the crystalline inclusion compound was verified by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR, and infrared spectroscopy to have the host γ-CD molecules arranged in a channel structure, with the isolated silk chains included, at least in large part, in their internal cavities. Removing the γ-CD host lattice by washing with hot water produced a white coalesced silk sample that was collected and characterized. Unlike the original or precipitated silk fibroin, the coalesced sample shows most of its protein residues in a β-sheet conformation with an elevated degree of crystallinity. DA - 2005/6/28/ PY - 2005/6/28/ DO - 10.1021/ma050340a VL - 38 IS - 13 SP - 5640-5646 SN - 1520-5835 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comfort properties of heat-resistant protective workwear in varying conditions of physical activity and environment. Part I: Thermophysical and sensorial properties of fabrics AU - Yoo, S AU - Barker, RL T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - This series of studies investigates the impact of thermophysiologial and sensorial properties and end-use conditions of heat-resistant protective workwear on the wear comfort response. In Part I of this paper, material features and test methods are screened to obtain fabric characteristics that explain wear comfort effectively. Thermophysiological and sensorial properties including liquid moisture transfer properties are assessed for six heat resistant workwear materials with different fiber content, yarn property, weave type, and functional finishes. Based on the thermophysical values, small differences among the test garments are predicted. Measured sensorial properties, obtained from fabric mechanical, surface, and liquid moisture management properties, provide more distinctive comparisons. The remaining moisture ( A) is calculated from the evaporated ( E) and total driven ( T) water to predict the sensation of clamminess after sweating. Results from surface roughness, contact area, and wet cling analysis show that softer yarns, finer fibers and twill weaves produce measurably smoother fabrics with small contact. Also, effects of hydrophilic fiber blending and wicking finishes on the moisture management properties are examined. The former does not affect the liquid moisture management properties while the latter measurably enhances the absorption rate. These results are discussed in relation to the wear comfort response in varying conditions of physical activity and ambient environments in Part II of this paper. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1177/0040517505053949 VL - 75 IS - 7 SP - 523-530 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comfort properties of heat resistant protective workwear in varying conditions of physical activity and environment. Part II: Perceived comfort response to garments and its relationship to fabric properties AU - Yoo, S AU - Barker, RL T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Controlled garment wear trials are used to evaluate comfort response to a well-characterized set of heat-resistant workwear materials. Multiple categories of perceived comfort reactions to garment wear in diverse conditions are explained in terms of measured fabric properties assessed in Part I. The important role of fabric surface character, especially surface roughness and predicted skin contact area, is revealed. Fabric sweat management, measurable using a modified demand wettability test, is also identified as a useful predictor of moisture-related skin contact sensations. Heat-resistant fabric designs incorporating structural features that minimize skin contact, while also providing liquid absorption capacity, are predicted to show enhanced comfort performance. Blending of hydrophilic fibers and wicking finishes, however, do not necessarily improve the comfort perceptions in the tested scenarios. Selected fabric thermophysiological and sensorial properties are closely correlated with subjective comfort responses and the relationships are dependent on the wear conditions. Surface geometric roughness (SMD), number of contact points ( n k ), and bending and shear rigidities are the decisive properties related to the tactile comfort. The vapor buffering index ( B d ) and liquid management properties, such as absorbent capacity ( V), initial rate ( Q 1 ), and wet cling index ( i k ) are the correlated indicators of nonabsorbency, clinginess, and sensation of clamminess. In particular, apparent water ratio ( A/ T), which can be assessed by a modified demand wettability test, is a good predictor of perception of clamminess in the cool-down period after exercise or a hot situation. DA - 2005/7// PY - 2005/7// DO - 10.1177/0040517505054190 VL - 75 IS - 7 SP - 531-539 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structural study of irregular amino acid sequences in the heavy chain of Bombyx mori silk fibroin AU - Ha, SW AU - Gracz, HS AU - Tonelli, AE AU - Hudson, SM T2 - BIOMACROMOLECULES AB - Recently, genetic studies have revealed the entire amino acid sequence of Bombyx mori silk fibroin. It is known from X-ray diffraction studies that the β-sheet crystalline structure (silk II) of fibroin is composed of hexaamino acid sequences of GAGAGS. However, in the heavy chain of B. mori silk fibroin, there are also present 11 irregular sequences, with about 31 amino acid residues (irregular GT∼GT sequences). The structure and role of these irregular sequences have remained unknown. One of the most frequently appearing irregular sequences was synthesized and its 3-D solution structure was studied by high-resolution 2-D NMR techniques. The 3-D structure determined for this peptide shows that it makes a loop structure (distorted Ω shape), which implies that the preceding backbone direction is changed by 180°, i.e., reversed, by this sequence. This may facilitate the β-sheet formation between the crystal-forming building blocks, GAGAGS/GY∼GY sequences, in the fibroin heavy chain. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1021/bm050294m VL - 6 IS - 5 SP - 2563-2569 SN - 1526-4602 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fatigue cracking resistance of fiber-reinforced asphalt concrete AU - Lee, SJ AU - Rust, JP AU - Hamouda, H AU - Kim, YR AU - Borden, RH T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - The influence of fibers on the fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt concrete is investigated using fracture energy. Nylon, a popular facing yarn of carpets, is used for the actual recycled carpet fibers in asphalt pavement. The experimental program is designed with two phases: the single fiber pull-out test and the indirect tension strength test. Through pull-out tests of 15-denier single nylon fibers, the critical fiber embedded length is determined to be 9.2 mm. As for indirect tension strength tests, samples of asphalt concrete mixed with nylon fibers of two lengths, 6 and 12 mm, based on results of the pull-out tests (critical embedded length) and three volume fractions, 0.25, 0.5, and 1%, are prepared and tested. Asphalt concrete samples fabricated with fibers of 1% and 12 mm results in 85% higher fracture energy than non-reinforced specimens, showing improved fatigue cracking resistance. Although an optimized asphalt mix design with fibers has not been developed for this study, the increased fracture energy represents a potential for improving asphalt fatigue life, which may be facilitated through the use of recycled carpet fibers. DA - 2005/2// PY - 2005/2// DO - 10.1177/004051750507500206 VL - 75 IS - 2 SP - 123-128 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lanthanum silicate gate dielectric stacks with subnanometer equivalent oxide thickness utilizing an interfacial silica consumption reaction AU - Lichtenwalner, DJ AU - Jur, JS AU - Kingon, AI AU - Agustin, MP AU - Yang, Y AU - Stemmer, S AU - Goncharova, LV AU - Gustafsson, T AU - Garfunkel, E T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS AB - A silicate reaction between lanthana and silica layers has been utilized to eliminate interfacial silica in metal-insulator-semiconductor devices and to obtain devices with very low equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). This provides a simple process route to interface elimination, while producing a silicate dielectric with a higher temperature stability of the amorphous phase. The La2O3 layers in this study are deposited by reactive evaporation on (001) Si covered by a ∼0.8–1.0-nm-thick SiO2 chemical oxide, and are capped in situ with a Ta gate, followed by a reaction anneal, which lowers the EOT from greater than 1.5 nm for the as-deposited bilayer stack to as low as 0.5 nm. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy and medium-energy ion scattering are used to show that a temperature of 400 °C is sufficient for the formation of the silicate gate dielectric. Gate leakage currents as low as 0.06A∕cm2 are obtained for stacks having an EOT of 0.63 nm, orders of magnitude below that of SiO2 having the same EOT value. Electrical breakdown is observed at applied fields above 16MV∕cm. DA - 2005/7/15/ PY - 2005/7/15/ DO - 10.1063/1.1988967 VL - 98 IS - 2 SP - SN - 1089-7550 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Washfastness improvement for heavy shade microdenier nylon 6,6 fabric AU - Li, S. Q. AU - Boyter, H. T2 - AATCC Review DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 5 IS - 8 SP - 36-40 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The contribution of azo dyes to the mutagenic activity of the Cristais River AU - Umbuzeiro, GDA AU - Freeman, HS AU - Warren, SH AU - Oliveira, DP AU - Terao, Y AU - Watanabe, T AU - Claxton, LD T2 - CHEMOSPHERE AB - To verify whether dyes emitted within the discharge of a dye processing plant were contributing to the mutagenicity repeatedly found in the Cristais River, Sao Paulo, Brazil, we chemically characterized the following mutagenic samples: the treated industrial effluent, raw and treated water, and the sludge produced by a Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) located approximately 6 km from the industrial discharge. Considering that 20% of the dyes used for coloring activities might be lost to wastewaters and knowing that several dyes have mutagenic activity, we decided to analyze the samples for the presence of dyes. Thin layer chromatographic analysis indicated the presence of three prevalent dyes in all samples, except for the drinking water. This combination of dyes corresponded to a commercial product used by the industry, and it tested positive in the Salmonella assay. The structures of the dye components were determined using proton magnetic resonance and mass spectrometric (MS) methods, and the dyes were tested for mutagenicity. The blue component was identified as the C.I. Disperse Blue 373, the violet as C.I. Disperse Violet 93, and the orange as C.I. Disperse Orange 37. The dyes showed mutagenic responses of 6300, 4600, and 280 revertants/microg for YG1041 with S9 respectively. A bioassay-directed fractionation/chemical analysis showed that the C.I. Disperse Blue 373 contributed 55% of the mutagenic activity of the DWTP sludge. We showed that these dyes contributed to the mutagenic activity found in the Cristais River environmental samples analyzed and are indirectly affecting the quality of the related drinking water. Therefore, we believe that this type of discharge should be more thoroughly characterized chemically and toxicologically. Additionally, human and ecological risks associated with the release of dye processing plant effluents should be more fully investigated, especially where the resultant water is taken for human consumption. DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.100 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 55-64 SN - 1879-1298 KW - azo dyes KW - water contamination KW - salmonella KW - textile effluent KW - water pollution KW - mutagenicity KW - TLC KW - Disperse blue 373 KW - Disperse violet 93 KW - Disperse orange 37 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel methods for obtaining high modulus aliphatic polyamide fibers AU - Kotek, R AU - Jung, D AU - Tonelli, AE AU - Vasanthan, N T2 - JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-POLYMER REVIEWS AB - Super high modulus polyethylene fibers can be created by converting high molecular weight flexible PE chains into highly oriented and extended chain conformations. However, unlike polyethylene, aliphatic polyamides have very high cohesive energy and therefore cannot be easily drawn and highly oriented. This review addresses this fundamental problem by analyzing various novel approaches that can be used to suppress hydrogen bonding in these types of polyamides. Plasticization of such polymers with ammonia, iodine, salts, and Lewis acids, as well as dry spinning, wet spinning, and gel spinning, are discussed. Specialized techniques that involve vibrational zone drawing and annealing as well as laser heating zone drawing and annealing are also reviewed. Some of these methods definitely lead to remarkable improvements in initial modulus and other mechanical properties. The development of recombinant spider silk proteins as well progress in spinning these materials is also reported. The advantages and disadvantages of all of these processes are then summarized. Keywords: high modulus polyamide fibersaliphatic polyamidesrecombinant spider silk proteins DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1081/MC-200067716 VL - C45 IS - 3 SP - 201-230 SN - 1532-1797 KW - high modulus polyamide fibers KW - aliphatic polyamides KW - recombinant spider silk proteins ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanical and structural properties of melt spun polypropylene/nylon 6 alloy filaments AU - Afshari, M AU - Kotek, R AU - Gupta, BS AU - Kish, MH AU - Dast, HN T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Investigated in the present study are the physical properties, morphology, and structure of PP/N6 alloy filaments (10, 20 wt % N6) made with or without PP‐ g ‐MAH as compatibilizer. The alloy filaments produced at the take‐up speeds of 300 and 800 m/min were drawn with draw ratio of 3.5 and 2, respectively. Stress–strain curves of PP and alloy filaments show ductile and brittle behavior, respectively. It is suggested that the brittle behavior of alloy filaments is due to the presence of microvoids or micropores at the interface of PP and N6; these lead to stress concentration and thus to a decrease in tenacity, modulus, and elongation at break. Effects of the blending of N6 with PP on birefringence and crystalline and amorphous orientation factors of the composite filaments are studied. The amorphous orientation factor, f am , of PP was found to increase with an increase in the amount of N6. The alloy filaments behaved like isostrain materials and most of the force in spinning and drawing was born by the PP phase. The presence of N6 fibrils helped to orient PP chain molecules in amorphous regions. However, the crystalline factor, f c , of PP decreased with the increase in nylon fraction. This means the presence of the crystals of N6 caused a decrease in the orientation of the PP crystals. LSCM micrographs of the filament showed the presence of matrix–fibril morphology with the N6 fibrils oriented along the axis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 532–544, 2005 DA - 2005/7/15/ PY - 2005/7/15/ DO - 10.1002/app.21772 VL - 97 IS - 2 SP - 532-544 SN - 1097-4628 KW - polypropylene KW - nylon KW - alloys KW - orientation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ionic transport and interfacial stability of sulfonate-modified fumed silicas as nanocomposite electrolytes AU - Zhang, XW AU - Fedkiw, PS T2 - JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY AB - Degussa A200 and R711 fumed silica surfaces were modified by attaching lithium sulfonate groups through alkyl or oligomer chains, respectively, in an attempt to form single-ion conducting fumed silicas: A200-lithium propanesulfonate (A200-LiPS), R711-poly(lithium vinylsulfonate) (R711-pLiVS), and R711-poly(lithium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate) (R711-pLiAMPS). Conductivity, lithium transference number, and Li/electrolyte interfacial stability measurements were conducted on nanocomposite electrolytes prepared by dispersing the conducting fumed silicas into solvents consisting of oligomeric polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGdm), polyethylene oxide (PEO), or PEGdm/PEO blends. Among the three sulfonate-modified fumed silicas, the highest conductivity was always obtained using R711-pLiAMPS. A maximum room-temperature conductivity of was obtained at a surface concentration of and a Li:O mole ratio of 1:100 ( filler). The maximum lithium transference number achieved for the same R711-pLiAMPS-based system is 0.78 at a surface concentration of and a Li:O mole ration of 1:20 ( filler). Adding lithium salts to the solvent, such as lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), lithium bis(perfluoroethylenesulfonyl)imide (LiBETI), lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), and lithium phosphate , increases room-temperature conductivity and interfacial stability while maintaining relatively high lithium transference numbers. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1149/1.2109661 VL - 152 IS - 12 SP - A2413-A2420 SN - 1945-7111 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178384/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Helium/oxygen atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) knitted fabrics: Comparison of low-stress mechanical/surface chemical properties AU - Hwang, YJ AU - McCord, MG AU - Kang, BC T2 - FIBERS AND POLYMERS DA - 2005/6// PY - 2005/6// DO - 10.1007/BF02875601 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 113-120 SN - 1875-0052 KW - plasma KW - etching KW - PTT KW - PET KW - surface modification ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel enzymatic technique for limiting drug mobility in a hydrogel matrix AU - Burke, MD AU - Park, JO AU - Srinivasarao, M AU - Khan, SA T2 - JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE AB - An oral colon specific drug delivery platform has been developed to facilitate targetted release of therapeutic proteins as well as small molecule drugs. A simple enzymatic procedure is used to modify the molecular architecture of a lightly chemically crosslinked galactomannan hydrogel as well as a model drug-galactomannan oligomer conjugate, fluoroisocynate (FITC) tagged guar oligomer, to entrap the model drug. The enzyme-modified hydrogel retains the drug until it reaches the colonic environment where bacteria secrete enzymes (namely beta-mannanase) to degrade the gel and release the drug molecule. Laser scanning confocal microscopy combined with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching is used to quantify the diffusion of the drug conjugate. The diffusion coefficient of solutes in the lightly crosslinked galactomannan hydrogel is approximately equal to the diffusion coefficient in the guar solution for simple diffusional drug loading. After drug loading, alpha-galactosidase treatment generates additional physical crosslinks in the hydrogel matrix as well as between the drug-oligomer conjugate and the hydrogel, which reduces diffusion of the drug-oligomer conjugate significantly. Degradation of the hydrogel by beta-mannanase results in a slow and controlled rate of FITC-guar oligomer diffusion, which generates an extended release profile for the model drug. DA - 2005/5/5/ PY - 2005/5/5/ DO - 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.01.017 VL - 104 IS - 1 SP - 141-153 SN - 1873-4995 KW - oral drug delivery KW - hydrogel KW - enzyme KW - diffusion KW - guar ER - TY - JOUR TI - The antimicrobial activity of cotton fabrics treated with different crosslinking agents and chitosan AU - El-Tahlawy, KF AU - El-Bendary, MA AU - Elhendawy, AG AU - Hudson, SM T2 - CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS AB - Cotton fabrics were treated with two different crosslinking agents [butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and Arcofix NEC (low formaldehyde content)] in the presence of chitosan to provide the cotton fabrics a durable press finishing and antimicrobial properties by chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. Both type and concentration of finishing agent in the presence of chitosan as well as the treatment conditions significantly affected the performance properties and antimicrobial activity of treated cotton fabrics. The treated cotton fabrics showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi tested. Treatment of cotton fabrics with BTCA in the presence of chitosan strengthened the antimicrobial activity more than the fabrics treated with Arcofix NEC. The maximum antimicrobial activity was obtained when the cotton fabrics were treated with 0.5–0.75% chitosan of molecular weight 1.5–5 kDa, and cured at 160 °C for 2–3 min. Application of different metal ions to cotton fabrics treated with finishing agent and chitosan showed a negligible effect on the antimicrobial activity. Partial replacement of Arcofix NEC with BTCA enhanced antimicrobial activity of the treated fabrics in comparison with that of Arcofix NEC alone. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the exposure of bacteria and yeast to chitosan treated fabrics resulted in deformation and shrinkage of cell membranes. The site of chitosan action is probably the microbial membrane and subsequent death of the cell. DA - 2005/6/20/ PY - 2005/6/20/ DO - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.02.019 VL - 60 IS - 4 SP - 421-430 SN - 1879-1344 KW - antimicrobial finish KW - chitosan KW - cotton KW - butanetetracarboxylic acid KW - arcofix NEC ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structure and stability of columnar cyclomaltooctaose (gamma-cyclodextrin) hydrate AU - Hunt, MA AU - Rusa, CC AU - Tonelli, AE AU - Balik, CM T2 - CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH AB - Rapid recrystallization of cyclomaltooctaose (gamma-cyclodextrin, gamma-CD) from aqueous solution resulted in formation of a columnar structure with only water as the guest molecule. Upon vacuum drying at 90 degrees C for 15 h, gamma-CD, which was initially in the columnar structure, became amorphous. Complementary water vapor sorption and wide-angle X-ray diffractometry experiments were performed on columnar gamma-CD in its vacuum dried and as-precipitated states to elucidate its stability in humid environments and the crystal structure present at varying sorption levels. These experiments show that both types of gamma-CD transform to the cage crystal structure upon exposure to water vapor at 40 degrees C and with an activity of 1.0. Sorption equilibrium is reached long before the crystal structure transformation is complete, indicating that a significant amount of molecular mobility exists in the various hydrated gamma-CD crystal structures. DA - 2005/7/4/ PY - 2005/7/4/ DO - 10.1016/j.carres.2005.03.021 VL - 340 IS - 9 SP - 1631-1637 SN - 1873-426X KW - gamma-cyclodextrin KW - water vapor sorption KW - wide-angle X-ray diffraction KW - phase transformation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of dilation on the mechanical characterization of vascular prostheses AU - Ulcay, Y AU - Pourdeyhimi, B T2 - FIBERS AND POLYMERS DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1007/BF02875573 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 49-54 SN - 1875-0052 KW - vascular grafts KW - creep KW - compliance KW - in vitro test ER - TY - JOUR TI - Copper compatible barium titanate thin films for embedded passives AU - Ihlefeld, J AU - Laughlin, B AU - Hunt-Lowery, A AU - Borland, W AU - Kingon, A AU - Maria, JP T2 - JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1007/s10832-005-0866-6 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 95-102 SN - 1573-8663 KW - barium titanate KW - copper KW - ferroelectric KW - film KW - capacitor ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bleaching of cotton with activated peroxide systems AU - Lim, S. H. AU - Lee, J. J. AU - Hinks, D. AU - Hauser, P. T2 - Coloration Technology AB - The bleaching performance of a novel cationic bleach activator, N ‐[4‐(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]‐caprolactam chloride, was compared to that of nonanoyloxybenzene sulphonate, a commercially available anionic bleach activator. The whiteness of bleached cotton fabric was used as a measure of the performance. Comparison of bleach performance and the effect of key variables were evaluated using a central composite experimental design. The performances of both activators increased with temperature and sodium hydroxide concentration. Also, the performance of the cationic bleach activator increased with activator concentration, while an increase in the concentration of nonanoyloxybenzene sulphonate gave an adverse effect on the performance. It was found that the cationic bleach activator was superior to the anionic activator in the hot bleaching of cotton under the conditions studied. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2005.tb00258.x VL - 121 IS - 2 SP - 89-95 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nanostructuring polymers with cyclodextrins AU - Rusa, CC AU - Wei, M AU - Bullions, TA AU - Shuai, XT AU - Uyar, T AU - Tonelli, AE T2 - POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES AB - Abstract Bulk solid polymer samples formed by the coalescence of guest polymer chains from their inclusion compounds (ICs) formed with host cyclodextrins (CDs) can result in significant reorganization of their phase structures, morphologies, and even chain conformations from those more commonly produced from randomly‐coiled, entangled polymer solutions and melts. When the cyclic host CDs are threaded by polymer chains to form crystalline polymer‐CD‐ICs, the guest polymers become highly extended due to the narrow host CD diameters (∼5, 7, and 9 Å for α ‐, β ‐, and γ ‐CDs) and are segregated from neighboring guest polymer chains by the CD‐IC channel walls. As a consequence, when polymer‐CD‐IC crystals are treated with CD solvents that do not dissolve the guest polymers or are treated with amylase enzymes, the resulting coalesced bulk polymer samples often display properties distinct from those of normally produced bulk samples of the same polymers. In this article the CD‐IC processing of polymers to generate novel polymer microstructures and morphologies are described, to control the phase separation of immiscible blocks in block copolymers, and to form well‐mixed intimate blends of two or more polymers that are normally incompatible. The thermal and temporal stabilities of polymer samples coalesced from their ICs formed with CDs will also be mentioned, and it is suggested that the range of polymer properties can be greatly expanded by their CD‐IC processing. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1002/pat.566 VL - 16 IS - 2-3 SP - 269-275 SN - 1099-1581 KW - cyclodextrins KW - inclusion chemistry KW - block copolymers KW - phase separation KW - nanostructuring ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stability of a novel cationic bleach activator in aqueous solution AU - Lee, J. J. AU - Lim, S. H. AU - Hauser, P. AU - Hinks, D. T2 - Coloration Technology AB - The hydrolytic stability of a novel cationic bleach activator, N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]capro-lactam chloride, in aqueous solution has been investigated. After treatment with a bleach system, the whiteness of cotton fabric was measured. Assessment of the available oxygen was used to assess the stability of the bleach activator in solution with respect to time, using a method which minimised the effect of hydrogen peroxide on total available oxygen. Whereas the N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)benz-oyl]caprolactam chloride in solid form was found to be stable, in aqueous solution it was relatively easily hydrolysed. The effect of pH on its stability in solution was assessed. A good correlation was found between change in available oxygen on storage and bleaching performance. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2005.tb00246.x VL - 121 IS - 1 SP - 37-40 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Solid-state complexation of poly(ethylene glycol) with alpha-cyclodextrin AU - Peet, J AU - Rusa, CC AU - Hunt, MA AU - Tonelli, AE AU - Balik, CM T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - Low-molecular-weight liquid poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spontaneously forms an inclusion compound (IC) when combined with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) powder at room temperature. This process can be followed with wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The WAXD data shows that the α-CD crystals undergo a solid-state crystal−crystal transformation from the cage to the channel crystal structure upon IC formation over a period of about 8 h. The time dependence of the 2θ = 20° α-CD channel structure X-ray peak can be described by a simple first-order kinetic model. The effects of changing the temperature, PEG:α-CD molar ratio, PEG molecular weight, and vacuum-drying the CD have been studied. The barrier opposing the PEG inclusion-induced solid-state transformation of α-CD from the cage to the channel crystal structure appears to be dominated by changes in the packing/interactions of α-CDs, rather than the loss in the conformational entropy experienced by the PEG chains during the inclusion process. DA - 2005/1/25/ PY - 2005/1/25/ DO - 10.1021/ma048103f VL - 38 IS - 2 SP - 537-541 SN - 1520-5835 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mutagenicity evaluation of the commercial product CI Disperse Blue 291 using different protocols of the Salmonella assay AU - Umbuzeiro, GD AU - Freeman, H AU - Warren, SH AU - Kummrow, F AU - Claxton, LD T2 - FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY AB - Textile dyes can enter the water ecosystem through wastewater discharges potentially exposing humans through the consumption of water and food. The commercial disperse dye product CI Disperse Blue 291 containing the aminoazobenzene 2-[(2-bromo-4,6-dinitrophenyl)azo]-5-(diethylamino)-4-methoxyacetanilide (CAS registry no. 56548-64-2) was tested for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella assay. We used strains with different levels of nitroreductase and O-acetyltransferase (i.e., TA98DNP6, YG1024, and YG1041) that are relevant enzymes in the activation of nitrocompounds by the intestinal microflora. The commercial product tested also was mutagenic for TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100. Presence of the pKM101 plasmid and the addition of S9 enhanced the mutagenic response. Specialized strains showed that both nitroreductase and O-acetyltransferase are important in activation of the product. The highest potency obtained was 240 revertants per microgram for YG1041 in the presence of S9. Besides being able to cause frameshift mutations (hisd3052), the dye was able to cause all types of base pair substitution with a preference for TA to AT; CG to TA and CG to AT changes. With these results clearly showing that the bacterial nitroreductase and O-acetyltransferase metabolites of this compound are mutagenic, there is a need to test this dye using in vivo systems to verify possible adverse effects of this product in mammalian tissues. DA - 2005/1// PY - 2005/1// DO - 10.1016/j.fct.2004.08.011 VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 49-56 SN - 1873-6351 KW - azo dves KW - Salmonella assay KW - aminoazobenzene KW - disperse dyes KW - arylamines KW - CI disperse blue 291 KW - mutation spectral Salmonella TA7000 KW - CAS 56548-64-2 ER - TY - PAT TI - Methods and systems for selectively connecting and disconnecting conductors in a fabric AU - Dhawan, A. AU - Ghosh, T. K. AU - Muth, J. AU - Seyam, A. C2 - 2005/// DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Crystal structure and melting entropy of natural rubber AU - Immirzi, A AU - Tedesco, C AU - Monaco, G AU - Tonelli, AE T2 - MACROMOLECULES AB - The constant-volume melting entropy of natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene = c-PIP) is small compared with other linear polymers. With the aim of understanding this behavior a reliable structural model for the crystalline state of c-PIP is needed. To this end the recent study by Takahashi and Kumano (T−K) has been revised, using the same X-ray diffraction measurements published by these authors. The new study has employed different refinement methods and considered several structural models. The chain structure claimed by Nyburg (S T S̄ cis S̄ T S cis) has been confirmed, but the resulting chain torsion angles are different, both if the glide-plane chain symmetry is assumed (R = 0.079) and if such chain symmetry is waived. (R = 0.067. The chain torsion angles for this model are 86, 171, and −88°, cis, and −120, −170, and 116°, cis.) At the chain packing level, while the disorder claimed by Nyburg and by T−K is not supported by the diffraction data, a different disordered model improves the Fc vs Fo fit giving a good crystal packing. Also the hypothesis of an orthorhombic structure (suggested in the past by Natta and Corradini) has been explored (R = 0.090). The implications of the crystalline structure and its possible conformational disorder on the low melting entropy are discussed. DA - 2005/2/22/ PY - 2005/2/22/ DO - 10.1021/ma047935a VL - 38 IS - 4 SP - 1223-1231 SN - 1520-5835 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A knowledge-based expert system for dyeing of cotton. Part 1: Design and development AU - Hussain, T. AU - Wardman, R.H. AU - Shamey, R. T2 - Coloration Technology AB - Artificial intelligence-based computer programs, called expert systems, have received a great deal of attention and have been used to solve an impressive array of problems in a variety of fields. Diagnosis was one of the first subjects to be investigated after the availability of digital computers, with the advent of artificial intelligence as well as the expert system technology. A knowledge-based expert system for diagnosing problems in the dyeing of cotton has been designed and developed. The performance of the system has been tested and evaluated by human experts and is deemed to be highly satisfactory. This provides a starting point for further improvements in the system. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2005.tb00250.x VL - 121 IS - 1 SP - 53-58 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-14344260128&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The CMC(l: c) color difference formula and the values for the weights l and c AU - Kuehni, R. G. T2 - AATCC Review DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// VL - 5 IS - 11 SP - 25-26 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structural studies of Bombyx mori silk fibroin during regeneration from solutions and wet fiber spinning AU - Ha, SW AU - Tonelli, AE AU - Hudson, SM T2 - BIOMACROMOLECULES AB - Regenerated silk fibroin materials show properties dependent on the methods used to process them. The molecular structures of B. mori silk fibroin both in solution and in solid states were studied and compared using X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Some portion of fibroin protein molecules dissolved in formic acid already have a beta-sheet structure, whereas those dissolved in TFA have some helical conformation. Moreover, fibroin molecules were spontaneously assembled into an ordered structure as the acidic solvents were removed from the fibroin-acidic solvent systems. This may be responsible for the improved physical properties of regenerated fibroin materials from acidic solvents. Regenerated fibroin materials have shown poor mechanical properties and brittleness compared to their original form. These problems were technically solved by improving the fiber forming process according to a method reported here. The regenerated fibroin fibers showed much better mechanical properties compared to the native silk fiber and their physical and chemical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, solid state (13)C NMR spectroscopy, SinTech tensile testing, and SEM. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1021/bm050010y VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 1722-1731 SN - 1526-4602 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Photochromic protein substrates AU - Shah, MRB AU - Christie, RM AU - Morgan, KM AU - Shamey, R T2 - MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS AB - ABSTRACT A water-soluble spirooxazine may be successfully applied directly as dye to produce photochromic silk fabric. Molecular modelling, using the CAChe system, provides a good prediction of its photochromic properties. The dyed fabric shows good colour build-up under UV irradiation and reverts slowly to the original colour when the UV source is removed. It is observed that wet fabric shows better photochromic performance than after drying. Keywords: photochromismspirooxazinetextile dyeingwater-soluble DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1080/15421400590947342 VL - 431 SP - 535-539 SN - 1563-5287 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33644762980&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - photochromism KW - spirooxazine KW - textile dyeing KW - water-soluble ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hemostatic agents derived from chitin and chitosan AU - Whang, HS AU - Kirsch, W AU - Zhu, YH AU - Yang, CZ AU - Hudson, SM T2 - JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-POLYMER REVIEWS AB - Abstract A recent review detailing the role of new hemostatic agents for battlefield hemorrhage control describes the interest in and necessary specifications for such materials. As a consequence, the Defense Department authorized the development and use of three deployable and FDA approved hemostatic agents: Zeolite “Quikclot” and chitosanic “Hemcon” and the American Red Cross Fibrin Dressing. Although chitosan has a number of advantages over the other hemostatic agents, it is the least understood of the three agents noted above. The use of chitosan and chitin in different physical forms as a hemostatic agent is described. The chemical properties of chitosan related to hemostatis possibly include: molecular weight, extent of ionization, counter ion, degree of deacetylation, and degree of crystallinity. Also, its ability to bind with tissues are a function of these parameters. Chitosan can be used in medical and surgical procedures by its direct application to a bleeding surface using the various physical forms such as powder, solution, coating, film, hydrogel, and filament composite. Keywords: chitinchitosanhemostatichydrogelfilmfiber DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1080/15321790500304122 VL - C45 IS - 4 SP - 309-323 SN - 1532-1797 KW - chitin KW - chitosan KW - hemostatic KW - hydrogel KW - film KW - fiber ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cold sensitivity differences between body sections under clothing AU - Li, J AU - Wang, YY AU - Zhang, WY AU - Barker, RL T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - The sensitivity of the human body to the perception of cold varies over sections of the body. Wear trials conducted for this research show that different locations on the body respond differently to cold stimuli, especially with respect to the degree of local skin temperature decrease, the relationship between the local skin temperature decrease and elapsed time, and subjective cold sensitivity sequences, but some adjacent body sections have similar characteristics. The torso of the body is the most sensitive, followed by the thighs, upper limbs, and calves. Body sections closer to the core of the body are more sensitive to cold stimulation than are limbs. DA - 2005/3// PY - 2005/3// DO - 10.1177/004051750507500304 VL - 75 IS - 3 SP - 208-212 SN - 1746-7748 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A knowledge-based expert system for dyeing of cotton. Part 2: Testing and evaluation AU - Hussain, T. AU - Wardman, R.H. AU - Shamey, R. T2 - Coloration Technology AB - The diagnosis of a number of faulty dyed samples and faults obtained from case studies was carried out by both human experts and the expert system developed in this study, and their performance was compared. An evaluation copy of the software was provided to a number of potential users to obtain feedback on the utility and the helpfulness of the system. The results show highly satisfactory performance when compared to human experts as well as considerable utility potential, providing further impetus for further improvements in the system. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005/// DO - 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2005.tb00251.x VL - 121 IS - 2 SP - 59-63 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-17444394462&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER -