TY - CONF TI - A non-invasive sensor developed to avoid blood drawn based on biomaterials AU - Sultana, N. AU - Budhathoki-Uprety, J. T2 - Society For Biomaterials, NC State Student Chapter C2 - 2021/// C3 - Society For Biomaterials, NC State Student Chapter CY - Raleigh, NC, USA DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Layer-by-layer assembly of polymers on nano-biosensors to minimize non-specific protein adsorption AU - Dewey, Hannah AU - Jones, Jaron AU - Chen, Yu AU - Sultana, Nigar AU - Budhathoki-Uprety, Januka T2 - ACS Spring National Meeting C2 - 2021/6/1/ C3 - ACS Spring National Meeting DA - 2021/6/1/ PY - 2021/4/5/ DO - 10.1021/scimeetings.1c00684 PB - American Chemical Society (ACS) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/scimeetings.1c00684 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards the development of near-infrared pH sensor AU - Sultana, Nigar AU - Chen, Yu AU - Drago, Julia AU - Budhathoki-Uprety, Januka T2 - ACS Spring National Meeting DA - 2021/6/1/ PY - 2021/6/1/ DO - 10.1021/scimeetings.1c00683 VL - 6 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/scimeetings.1c00683 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigating Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectral Heterogeneity of Rhodamines Using High-Throughput Single-Molecule Spectroscopy AU - Zhang, Yang AU - Zhang, Yu AU - Song, Ki-Hee AU - Lin, Wei AU - Sun, Cheng AU - Schatz, George C. AU - Zhang, Hao F. T2 - The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters AB - We experimentally investigated several intramolecular coordinate and environmental changes as potential causes of single-molecule fluorescence spectral heterogeneities (smFSH). We developed a high-throughput single-molecule spectroscopy method to analyze more than 5000 single-molecule emission spectra from each of 9 commonly used fluorophores with different structural rigidities and deposited on substrates with different polarities. We observed an unexpectedly high smFSH from structurally rigid Rhodamine B compared with a structurally flexible Cyanine dye-Alexa Fluor 647. Based on experimentally measured smFSH, we ruled out the system's noise uncertainty, single-molecule spectral diffusion, and environmental polarity as the primary causes of the high smFSH. We found that the rotational flexibility of N,N-dialkylated groups contributed to the smFSH. With the high smFSH observed in structurally more rigid model fluorophores, we speculated that other intramolecular coordinate and environmental changes might also contribute to the high smFSH in Rhodamines. DA - 2021/4/29/ PY - 2021/4/29/ DO - 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00192 VL - 12 IS - 16 SP - 3914-3921 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00192 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Overview of Usability and Ergonomics Aspects of PAPRs & EHMRs in Healthcare AU - Gary, Jazmen AU - DenHartog, Emiel T2 - Journal of the International Society for Respiratory Protection DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// VL - 38 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabrication of drug-loaded ultrafine polymer fibers via solution blowing and their drug release kinetics AU - Schuchard, Karl AU - Joijode, Abhay AU - Willard, Vincent P. AU - Anderson, Bruce AU - Grondin, Pierre AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Shirwaiker, Rohan T2 - 49TH SME NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING RESEARCH CONFERENCE (NAMRC 49, 2021) AB - Biocompatible polymer fibers have garnered significant interest due to their unique properties. Applications range from absorbent media to tissue engineering and drug delivery products. Many manufacturing processes produce such fibers, but a gap exists in highly scalable processes for fibers loaded with thermolabile additives like pharmaceuticals. This study investigates preliminary process-structure-function relationships of solution blown poly(ethylene oxide) fibers loaded with doxycycline, a drug that has demonstrated antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumoral properties. After parameter screening, a factorial experiment mapped the solution blowing design space with a multi-nozzle apparatus. A 1 mm-thick mat was fabricated comprising doxycycline loaded polymer fibers with a mean diameter of 552 ± 200 nm. Study of release kinetics showed the doxycycline released with a significant burst effect over approximately 1 minute. This study highlights solution blowing as a scalable manufacturing platform for fabricating poly(ethylene oxide) fibers loaded with this impactful drug. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// DO - 10.1016/j.promfg.2021.06.017 VL - 53 SP - 128-135 SN - 2351-9789 KW - solution blowing KW - biofabrication KW - fibers KW - doxycycline KW - drug release ER - TY - CONF TI - Carbon Nanotubes Cloaked in Synthetic Polymers: Aqueous Dispersion, Characterization, and Applications AU - Budhathoki-Uprety, Januka AU - Dewey, Hannah AU - Sultana, Nigar AU - Chen, Yu AU - Jones, Jaron AB - Surface chemistry plays a crucial role in interactions of carbon nanotubes in the biological environment. Biomimetic functionalities on nanotubes could facilitate effective nano-bio interactions enabling nanoscale biological probes, sensors, and imaging agents. Synthetic polymers that facilitate aqueous solubility, biocompatibility and molecular recognition via biomimicry are highly preferred for multifunctional carbon nanotube-based biological probes. In this talk, we will introduce carbon nanotubes cloaked in synthetic mimics of biopolymers and uses of those nanoscale probes in optical sensing of target biomolecules. C2 - 2021/5/30/ C3 - ECS Meeting Abstracts DA - 2021/5/30/ DO - 10.1149/MA2021-0110513mtgabs VL - MA2021-01 SP - 513–513 M1 - 10 PB - The Electrochemical Society UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/MA2021-0110513mtgabs ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spiropyran Photoisomerization Dynamics in Multiresponsive Hydrogels AU - Meeks, Amos AU - Lerch, Michael M. AU - Schroeder, Thomas B. H. AU - Shastri, Ankita AU - Aizenberg, Joanna T2 - Journal of the American Chemical Society AB - Light-responsive, spiropyran-functionalized hydrogels have been used to create reversibly photoactuated structures for applications ranging from microfluidics to nonlinear optics. Tailoring a spiropyran-functionalized hydrogel system for a particular application requires an understanding of how co-monomer composition affects the switching dynamics of the spiropyran chromophore. Such gels are frequently designed to be responsive to different stimuli such as light, temperature, and pH. The coupling of these influences can significantly alter spiropyran behavior in ways not currently well understood. To better understand the influence of responsive co-monomers on the spiropyran isomerization dynamics, we use UV-vis spectroscopy and time-dependent fluorescence intensity measurements to study spiropyran-modified hydrogels polymerized from four common hydrogel precursors of different pH and temperature responsivity: acrylamide, acrylic acid, N-isopropylacrylamide, and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate. In acidic and neutral gels, we observe unusual nonmonotonic, triexponential fluorescence dynamics under 405 nm irradiation that cannot be explicated by either the established spiropyran-merocyanine interconversion model or hydrolysis. To explain these results, we introduce an analytical model of spiropyran interconversions that includes H-aggregated merocyanine and its light-triggered disaggregation under 405 nm irradiation. This model provides an excellent fit to the observed fluorescence dynamics and elucidates exactly how creating an acidic internal gel environment promotes the fast and complete conversion of the hydrophilic merocyanine speciesto the hydrophobic spiropyran form, which is desired in most light-sensitive hydrogel actuators. This can be achieved by incorporating acrylic acid monomers and by minimizing the aggregate concentration. Beyond spiropyran-functionalized gel actuators, these conclusions are particularly critical for nonlinear optical computing applications. DA - 2021/12/29/ PY - 2021/12/29/ DO - 10.1021/jacs.1c08778 VL - 12 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c08778 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Powering Electronic Devices from Salt Gradients in AA‐Battery‐Sized Stacks of Hydrogel‐Infused Paper AU - Guha, Anirvan AU - Kalkus, Trevor J. AU - Schroeder, Thomas B. H. AU - Willis, Oliver G. AU - Rader, Chris AU - Ianiro, Alessandro AU - Mayer, Michael T2 - Advanced Materials AB - Strongly electric fish use gradients of ions within their bodies to generate stunning external electrical discharges; the most powerful of these organisms, the Atlantic torpedo ray, can produce pulses of over 1 kW from its electric organs. Despite extensive study of this phenomenon in nature, the development of artificial power generation schemes based on ion gradients for portable, wearable, or implantable human use has remained out of reach. Previously, an artificial electric organ inspired by the electric eel demonstrated that electricity generated from ion gradients within stacked hydrogels can exceed 100 V. The current of this power source, however, was too low to power standard electronics. Here, an artificial electric organ inspired by the unique morphologies of torpedo rays for maximal current output is introduced. This power source uses a hybrid material of hydrogel-infused paper to create, organize, and reconfigure stacks of thin, arbitrarily large gel films in series and in parallel. The resulting increase in electrical power by almost two orders of magnitude compared to the original eel-inspired design makes it possible to power electronic devices and establishes that biology's mechanism of generating significant electrical power can now be realized from benign and soft materials in a portable size. DA - 2021/6/24/ PY - 2021/6/24/ DO - 10.1002/adma.202101757 VL - 6 SP - 2101757 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202101757 KW - bioinspired materials KW - energy storage KW - hydrogels KW - paper ER - TY - CHAP TI - Coloration, Hair AU - Williams, T.N. T2 - Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology A2 - Shamey, R. PY - 2021/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-27851-8_441-1 SP - 1-10 PB - Springer SN - 9783642278518 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Melanin AU - Williams, T.N. T2 - Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology A2 - Shamey, R. PY - 2021/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-27851-8_446-1 SP - 1-5 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploring the in-silico approach for assessing the potential of natural compounds as a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors AU - Patel, A. AU - Patel, A. AU - Hemani, R. AU - Solanki, R. AU - Kansara, J. AU - Patel, G. AU - Pradhan, S. AU - Bambharoliya, T. T2 - Organic Communications AB - The SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged as a major cause of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019. Many attempts have been made to block the viral infection by targeting various processes like its entry, uncoating, replication, activating T cells response, and rising antibody titer. Also, many drugs are repurposed like remdesivir, dexamethasone, tocilizumab, hydroxychloroquine based on their established therapeutic efficacy against other viruses in the past. Natural products (NP) consist of a promising candidate and are needed to evaluate those molecules with molecular docking for preliminary screening and in vitro studies. Therefore, in the present study, a total of 12 active constituents from natural products like Ashwagandha, Tinospora cordifolia, Tea, Neem and lemon balm were docked, using the Autodock tool, onto the crystal structure of SARS CoV-2 main protease (PDB ID-5R80), to study their capability to act as main protease (Mpro) COVID-19 inhibitors. All NPs derivatives displayed good binding energies (ΔG) ranging from -8.8 to -5.2 kcal/mol, but berberine, epicatechin, and rosmarinic acid were found most potent, among others. Therefore, good binding energy, drug-likeness, and efficient pharmacokinetics suggest the potential of NPs derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors. However, further research is necessary to investigate the ability of these compounds as COVID-19 inhibitors. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// DO - 10.25135/ACG.OC.97.2012.1895 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 58-72 UR - https://publons.com/publon/45416080/ KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - main protease KW - natural products KW - molecular docking KW - viral infection KW - drug-likeness ER - TY - CHAP TI - Lignin-based nanoparticles AU - Biswas, Manik Chandra AU - Banerjee, Debjyoti AU - Saha, Kowshik AU - Anjum, Samin T2 - Biopolymeric Nanomaterials AB - Lignin is one of the most abundant bio-based macromolecules found in nature, second best to cellulose. Researchers all around the world have been putting their best efforts to extract the optimum potential of this abundant material, which could allow us to incorporate a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach to our lives. With the upcoming surge of awareness on sustainability, it is important to understand lignin as one of the most precious materials in today's times. This chapter specifically is dedicated to lignin as a wonder material and understanding its significance in light of the present context. The chapter starts with an introduction to lignin and its importance in guiding toward a sustainable future. Consequently, sources from where lignin can be effectively extracted have been discussed. A discussion on the composition, structure, and property of lignin has been put forward for the readers to get adequate clarity on the fundamentals. Furthermore, the chapter proceeds in describing the methods of synthesizing nanoparticles from lignin that involves conventional and green methods. Once the base is all set for the readers to understand the science from a materials perspective, specific applications have been discussed in this chapter based on the research that has been performed to date. On the basis of a meticulous understanding of lignin and its importance in nanomaterial applications, challenges and future directions have been proposed to inspire the readers to dive deep into the research area of lignin-based applications. PY - 2021/// DO - 10.1016/b978-0-12-824364-0.00007-1 SP - 203-219 PB - Elsevier UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824364-0.00007-1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improved tensile and impact responses of microcellular PP/γ-irradiated elastomer blends corroborating microstructure and crystallinity AU - Dutta, Anindya AU - Banerjee, Debjyoti AU - Ghosh, Anup K. T2 - Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A AB - The purpose of the present study was to compare the tensile and impact performances of foams of PP/γ-irradiated elastomer blends with that of the foams of PP/unirradiated elastomer blends. Furthermore, the morphological and crystallinity studies were considered to correlate the tensile and impact behavior of foams. Foaming of blends was carried out in a batch foaming set up with supercritical CO2. A continuous decrease in crystallinity was observed for both types of blends along with the relative change in the number of different crystal forms. Remarkable necking phenomenon and strain-induced crystallization were observed in foams. The tensile modulus of samples significantly increased up to 3 times than that of the neat samples at lower temperature foaming. The maximum modulus of foams was attained for the blends with 10% irradiated elastomer concentration. The impact strength of foam was also improved at the same condition, where the tensile modulus was highest. DA - 2021/12/2/ PY - 2021/12/2/ DO - 10.1080/10601325.2021.1967168 VL - 8 IS - 12 SP - 1-13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2021.1967168 KW - PP KW - gamma irradiation KW - crosslinking KW - foaming KW - mechanical property ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multifunctional Three-Dimensional Bicontinuous Heterofibrous Scaffold for Kinetically Accelerated Polysulfide Trapping and Conversion in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries AU - Chen, Lei AU - Zhang, Chao AU - Lu, Zhenqian AU - Cheng, Hui AU - Liu, Yong AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS AB - Further development of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is restricted by the insulation of sulfur and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide (LiPSs). Herein, we propose a multifunctional freestanding three-dimensional (3D) bicontinuous heterofibrous carbon nanotube–carbon nanofiber (CNTs-CNFs) scaffold via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy as a polysulfide-engulfing system and a conductive network in the cathode. CNFs construct a continuous network that serves as a freestanding substrate with moderate conductivity for CNTs to grow. The as-grown CNTs with cross-twisted root and cross-winding tips reduce the interfacial impedance of sulfur, achieving up to 77.88% loading. They also act as inserted networks with excellent electrical conductivity in active substance, which facilitate the diffusion and transport of electrons and ions and accelerate redox kinetics, with the initial discharge capacity of 1412.5 mAh g–1 at a current density of 0.2 C. Moreover, the cross-winding of CNT tips in different spatial orientations plays a great role as well in immobilizing the shuttle of soluble LiPSs via the synergistic effect of physical blocking and chemical adsorption. Eventually, the cycle performance is significantly improved with the maintained capacity of 607.7 mAh g–1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 C. DA - 2021/12/27/ PY - 2021/12/27/ DO - 10.1021/acsaem.1c03113 VL - 4 IS - 12 SP - 14447-14457 SN - 2574-0962 KW - multifunctional KW - carbon nanotubes KW - carbon nanofibers KW - cathodes KW - three-dimensional bicontinuous KW - lithium-sulfur batteries ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular engineering of ruthenium-based photosensitizers with superior photovoltaic performance in DSSCs: novel N-alkyl 2-phenylindole-based ancillary ligands AU - Ashraf, Saba AU - Su, Rui AU - Akhtar, Javeed AU - Shuja, Ahmed AU - Siddiqi, Humaira M. AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed T2 - NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AB - In this work, we report the design and successful synthesis of two new heteroleptic polypyridyl Ru( ii ) complexes (SD-5 and SD-6), by incorporating hetero-aromatic electron-donating N -alkyl-2-phenylindole moieties into the ancillary ligand. DA - 2021/12/29/ PY - 2021/12/29/ DO - 10.1039/d1nj04362e SP - SN - 1369-9261 ER - TY - JOUR TI - DFT, TD-DFT and biological activity studies of some maleanilic acid derivatives ligands and their organometallic complexes T2 - INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY- SECTION A AB - This study is a complementary study to our previous study that included the synthesis and characterization of some maleanilic acid derivatives ligands (L 1-4 ) and their metal carbonyl complexes (2-4) a-d as effective compounds for cancer cell inhibition against three cancer cell lines: HCT-116 (colon cancer), HepG-2 cells (Hepatocellular cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer). The activity data manifested that p-nitrophenyl maleanilic acid ligand (L2) and its chromium complex (2b) showed higher inhibitory than the other complexes against the tested cancer cells. Additionally, DFT and TD-DFT studies were performed to investigate their frontier molecular orbital (FMO), optical properties, and the correlation between the structure and biological activity. The calculated optical energy gap ( E g ) was in the range of 1.78- 2.13 eV, and electron cloud delocalization of HOMO/LUMO levels revealed that all complexes show effective charge separation. DFT results show a great relation between E g values of the carbonyl complexes and their experimental biological activity. Where it was obvious that complex ( 2b ) with the lowest ( E g ) value exhibits the highest inhibition potency against cancer cells. In contrast, complex ( 2d ) with the highest ( E g ) value exhibits the lowest inhibition potency. These results translate the reverse relationship between E g values of the complexes and the inhibition potency against cancer cells. DA - 2021/12// PY - 2021/12// DO - 10.56042/ijca.v60i12.55295 UR - https://doi.org/10.56042/ijca.v60i12.55295 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Controlling foamability of polypropylene/gamma-irradiated ethylene acrylic elastomer blends by extent of crosslinking and domain microstructure of elastomer AU - Dutta, Anindya AU - Banerjee, Debjyoti AU - Ghosh, Anup K. T2 - JOURNAL OF ELASTOMERS AND PLASTICS AB - Foams of polypropylene/elastomer blends can often lead to softer foams which may not be desirable every time. Incorporating rigidity to the foams can often be made possible by preferentially crosslinking the elastomer phase prior to blending. Although foamability of polypropylene/elastomer blends has been understood in the scientific community, the influence of the extent of crosslinking in the elastomer phase is not yet understood well. The purpose of this investigation is to identify the influence of the extent of elastomer crosslinking and the blend morphological attributes (achieved by varying screw speed during melt mixing) on foamability of polypropylene/partially crosslinked elastomer blends. Crosslinking of ethylene-acrylic elastomer is carried out using gamma radiation with several doses (0, 12.5, 25, 50 kGy) before melt blending and, subsequently, 10 wt.% of the irradiated elastomers (prior optimized) are mixed with polypropylene in a micro-compounder at three different screw speeds. The microstructure development in blends is characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Frequency sweep rheological analysis is done for selected blends to identify the ease of foamability among the series of blends. Foaming of blends is done with supercritical carbon dioxide in batch mode at three different temperatures. The density reduction along with the microcellular morphology development of blends with foaming is analyzed with the screw speed, the extent of crosslinking, and foaming temperature; furthermore, the individual input parameters (the elastomer domain size, controlled by the screw speed and the extent of crosslinking, controlled by gamma radiation dose) are optimized based on the foam morphology. A uniform and good foamability were achieved at 155 and 160°C for blends with elastomers, irradiated at 12.5 and 25 kGy radiation doses. The lowest density foam (0.37 g/cc) was obtained for polypropylene with 12.5 kGy irradiated crosslinked elastomer mixed at 200 rpm at 160°C foaming temperature. The final elastomer domain dispositions within the foam morphologies are characterized and the plausible foaming mechanism is proposed. DA - 2021/12/28/ PY - 2021/12/28/ DO - 10.1177/00952443211058846 VL - 12 SP - SN - 1530-8006 KW - Blends KW - irradiation KW - foams KW - morphology KW - rheology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quinoxaline as Ubiquitous Structural Fragment: An Update on the Recent Develop-ment of its Green Synthetic Approaches AU - Patel, Ashish AU - Shah, Drashti AU - Patel, Naiya AU - Patel, Khushbu AU - Soni, Nidhi AU - Nagai, Afzal AU - Shah, Umang AU - Patel, Mehul AU - Patel, Swayamprakash AU - Bhimani, Bhargav AU - Bambharoliya, Tushar T2 - CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AB - Quinoxaline is a versatile heterocyclic moiety that possesses a wide range of biological activities. Therefore, many researchers have been performing the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives on a daily basis. In addition, high demands for their synthesis often result in an increased generation of different waste chemicals. However, to minimize the utilization and generation of toxic organic substances, the present review focuses on the various green synthetic approaches for the synthesis of quinoxaline and its derivatives. Moreover, due to the quick manufacturing of novel medications using a quinoxaline scaffold, multiple study reports are published in a short period of time. Therefore, to fully comprehend the current state of the quinoxaline scaffold in medicinal chemistry, it is necessary to combine recent findings with previous understanding. Besides, compared to conventional methods, these green methods minimize the use and generation of harmful chemicals and improve reaction efficiency in terms of product yields, purity, energy consumption, and post-synthetic procedures. Therefore, in this review, we have attempted to shed light on various green synthetic strategies leading to the synthesis of quinoxaline scaffold and its derivatives, such as ultrasound irradiation, microwave irradiation, grindstone technique, environmentally benign solvents/catalysts based, and reactant immobilized on a solid support, etc. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// DO - 10.2174/1385272825666211125102145 VL - 25 IS - 24 SP - 3004-3016 SN - 1875-5348 UR - https://publons.com/publon/51640511/ KW - Quinoxaline KW - green chemistry KW - o-phenylenediamine KW - sustainable chemistry KW - conventional method KW - microwave irradiation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Melt-Extruded Sensory Fibers for Electronic Textiles AU - Tabor, Jordan AU - Thompson, Brendan AU - Agcayazi, Talha AU - Bozkurt, Alper AU - Ghosh, Tushar K. T2 - MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING AB - Abstract Textile‐based flexible sensors are key to the development of personal wearable electronic devices and systems for a wide range of applications including physiological monitoring, communication, and entertainment. Textiles, for their many desirable characteristics and use, offer a natural interface between electronics and the human body. A wide range of fabrication techniques have been explored for textile‐based sensors; however, most are not compatible or readily adaptable to textile manufacturing processes. Here, a practical and scalable method of producing textile‐based sensory fibers using a common manufacturing technique, melt extrusion, is proposed. An overview of the fabrication method as well as the mechanical and electrical properties of the fibers is presented. Subsequently, the fibers’ ability to sense changes in pressure is studied in detail using assembled fibers. Methods to improve the sensor performance by altering the geometry of the fiber assembly are also presented. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the fibers are woven into a pressure‐sensing fabric mat consisting of 64 sensing elements. The woven substrate can detect the location and level of pressure, thereby illustrating the fibers' potential use as sensors in textile structures. DA - 2021/12/26/ PY - 2021/12/26/ DO - 10.1002/mame.202100737 VL - 12 SP - SN - 1439-2054 KW - electronic textiles KW - flexible sensors KW - pressure sensing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular characterization and ecotoxicological evaluation of the natural dye madder and its chlorinated products AU - Freeman, Harold S. AU - Santos, Tuane C. AU - Chen, Yufei AU - Vendemiatti, Josiane A. S. AU - Oliveira, Adria C. AU - Vacchi, Francine I. AU - Vinueza, Nelson R. AU - Umbuzeiro, Gisela A. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH AB - There has been increased interest in the use of natural dyes for textile coloration as alternatives to synthetic dyes, due to the general belief that natural dyes are more environmentally friendly. However, natural dyes have poor affinity for textiles, which can lead to high dye levels in the resultant wastewater. While chlorine treatment has proven to be effective for dye wastewater disinfection and decolorization, this process can also lead to the formation of more toxic degradation products for certain synthetic dyes. On the other hand, little information is available regarding the ecotoxicity of natural dyes and their chlorination products. To advance knowledge in this area, madder was selected due to its historical importance and wide application in the textile industry. Specifically, we sought to characterize the chlorine-induced degradation products of an aqueous madder solution and to assess their ecotoxicity. The main component of the present madder sample was Alizarin (89.8%). Chlorination led to complete decolorization, and 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione and phthalic anhydride were identified as key degradation products. Chlorination of madder decreased toxicity to Daphnia similis (microcrustacean) 10-fold and removed the toxicity to Raphidocellis subcapitata (algae), when compared to the parent dye. DA - 2021/11/25/ PY - 2021/11/25/ DO - 10.1007/s11356-021-17388-4 VL - 11 SP - SN - 1614-7499 KW - Natural dye KW - Madder KW - Decolorization KW - Chlorination products KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Ecotoxicity KW - Daphnia similis KW - Raphidocellis subcapitata ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrolytic Degradation of Polylactic Acid Fibers as a Function of pH and Exposure Time AU - Vaid, Radhika AU - Yildirim, Erol AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A. AU - King, Martin W. T2 - MOLECULES AB - Polylactic acid (PLA) is a widely used bioresorbable polymer in medical devices owing to its biocompatibility, bioresorbability, and biodegradability. It is also considered a sustainable solution for a wide variety of other applications, including packaging. Because of its widespread use, there have been many studies evaluating this polymer. However, gaps still exist in our understanding of the hydrolytic degradation in extreme pH environments and its impact on physical and mechanical properties, especially in fibrous materials. The goal of this work is to explore the hydrolytic degradation of PLA fibers as a function of a wide range of pH values and exposure times. To complement the experimental measurements, molecular-level details were obtained using both molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with ReaxFF and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The hydrolytic degradation of PLA fibers from both experiments and simulations was observed to have a faster rate of degradation in alkaline conditions, with 40% of strength loss of the fibers in just 25 days together with an increase in the percent crystallinity of the degraded samples. Additionally, surface erosion was observed in these PLA fibers, especially in extreme alkaline environments, in contrast to bulk erosion observed in molded PLA grafts and other materials, which is attributed to the increased crystallinity induced during the fiber spinning process. These results indicate that spun PLA fibers function in a predictable manner as a bioresorbable medical device when totally degraded at end-of-life in more alkaline conditions. DA - 2021/12// PY - 2021/12// DO - 10.3390/molecules26247554 VL - 26 IS - 24 SP - SN - 1420-3049 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247554 KW - polylactic acid KW - hydrolytic degradation KW - bioresorbable polymers KW - ReaxFF KW - pH KW - sustainable materials KW - fibers ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Random-Field-Environment-Based Multidimensional Time-Dependent Resilience Modeling of Complex Systems AU - Zhu, Mengmeng AU - Huang, Xueqing AU - Pham, Hoang T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS AB - Over the past few decades, many research efforts have been dedicated to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate resilience in different domains. As compared with research areas in social science and ecology, the concept of resilience in the engineering domain is relatively new. In the engineering domain, studies on resilience mostly focus on civil infrastructure. It is important to extend the concept of resilience to a broad range of engineering applications. The field environments of complex engineering systems vary with different applications. Even with the same component/system applied in different field environments, the ability, time, and resources required by failure detection, diagnosis, and restoration can be different. Hence, it is critical to introduce a new dimension, random field environment (RFE), into the development of the mathematical model for quantifying resilience. This article first introduces a new definition of resilience and then proposes a general RFE-based multidimensional time-dependent resilience model connecting reliability, vulnerability, and recoverability. Besides, we present a specific RFE-based multidimensional time-dependent resilience model by considering the specified functions of the impact of the RFE on system performance and recovery. Furthermore, we extend the proposed resilience model by incorporating multiple failure paths of complex systems. Finally, we apply the proposed resilience model to vehicular edge computing networks to evaluate the vehicular network resilience with the disruptive events on the communication links. DA - 2021/12// PY - 2021/12// DO - 10.1109/TCSS.2021.3083515 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - 1427-1437 SN - 2329-924X KW - Resilience KW - Reliability KW - Maintenance engineering KW - System performance KW - Reliability engineering KW - Biological system modeling KW - Uncertainty KW - Random field environment (RFE) KW - resilience KW - uncertainty KW - vehicular edge computing network (VECN) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Visible-light-active novel alpha-Fe2O3/Ta3N5 photocatalyst designed by band-edge tuning and interfacial charge transfer for effective treatment of hazardous pollutants AU - Akter, Jeasmin AU - Abu Hanif, Md AU - Islam, Md Akherul AU - Sapkota, Kamal Prasad AU - Lee, Insup AU - Hahn, Jae Ryang T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AB - Novel α-Fe2O3/Ta3N5 nanocomposites were designed based on the Z-scheme system and a suitable band-edge potential for photocatalytic action. The combination of α-Fe2O3 and Ta3N5 showed substantially higher photocatalytic activity compared with α-Fe2O3 or Ta3N5 alone. The improved performance was attributed to (i) efficient electron–hole separation at the interface between α-Fe2O3 and Ta3N5, which resulted in high light absorption; and (ii) a favorable band-edge position to generate reactive oxygen species. The nanocomposites were prepared by precipitation techniques and annealing at different temperatures in a sealed chamber. The photocatalytic activity of the samples in methylene blue degradation under visible light (VL) was monitored for 60 min. The best result of 98.26% was obtained for the FTN-1 nanocomposite (annealed at 450 ℃), which is attributed to its high surface area, small particle size, and small crystallite size. Under similar conditions, FTN-1 exhibited 83.73%, 94.19%, and 48.86% efficiency in degrading rhodamine 6 G, non-photosensitizing Congo red, and the colorless contaminant phenol. The rate of MB degradation by FTN-1 was 539.4% and 651.2% greater than the rates of MB degradation by single catalysts α-Fe2O3 and Ta3N5, respectively. These values increased to 1939.4% and 2341.5% at pH 12 and a degradation time of 15 min. No substantial loss of activity or structural composition was observed after five consecutive runs. Overall, the nanocomposites exhibited a wide range of VL absorption and high photocatalytic efficiency. These results shed new light on the VL-active, Z-scheme photocatalyst field and indicate that the proposed photocatalysts are suitable for practical wastewater treatment. DA - 2021/12// PY - 2021/12// DO - 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106831 VL - 9 IS - 6 SP - SN - 2213-3437 KW - Iron(III) oxide KW - Tantalum nitride KW - Visible irradiation KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Photocatalyst ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent progress in biodegradable and bioresorbable materials: From passive implants to active electronics AU - Morsada, Zinnat AU - Hossain, Md Milon AU - Islam, M. Tauhidul AU - Mobin, Md. Ahsanul AU - Saha, Shumit T2 - APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY AB - Biodegradable and Bioresorbable materials, either for passive implants or wearable and active implantable devices, added a new dimension to healthcare research due to their low cost, convenience, continuous monitoring and physical augmentation. Advanced material chemistry and modern fabrication techniques have developed fully degradable implants that enable controlled degradation kinetic to ensure operational support for repairing and restructuring the surrounding tissue of the defected organ. Besides, integrated bioelectronics coupled with a wireless power system can continuously monitor and record physiological signals and conditions. This review comparatively evaluates physical and mechanical properties, degradation behavior, biocompatibility and convenient fabrication of different biodegradable and bioresorbable materials used for structural supports (substrate, encapsulation) or active device components (conductor, semiconductor, dielectric). Consecutively, material integration and device architecture of biodegradable active electronics including electronic skin, different physical and chemical sensors, self-powered and self-healable sensors have been illustrated, estimating the in vivo and in vitro device performance. Finally, some short-term and long-term challenges are pointed out to overcome the current challenges and speed up future research to commercialize the enormous expansion of the biomedical field. DA - 2021/12// PY - 2021/12// DO - 10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101257 VL - 25 SP - SN - 2352-9407 KW - Biomaterials KW - Degradation KW - Implants KW - Sensor KW - Bioelectronics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Advanced Zinc Anode with Nitrogen-Doping Interface Induced by Plasma Surface Treatment AU - Jia, Hao AU - Qiu, Minghui AU - Lan, Chuntao AU - Liu, Hongqi AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Fu, Shaohai AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - ADVANCED SCIENCE AB - Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are one of the most ideal candidates for grid-scale energy storage applications due to their excellent price and safety advantages. However, formation of Zn dendrites and continuous side reactions during cycling result in serious instability problems for ZIBs. In this work, the authors develop a facile and versatile plasma-induced nitrogen-doped Zn (N-Zn) foil for dendrite-free Zn metal anode. Benefitting from the uniform nucleation sites and enhanced surface kinetics, the N-Zn anode exhibits exceptionally low overpotential (around 23 mV) at 1 mA cm-2 and can be cycled for over 3000 h under 1 mA cm-2 because of the enhanced interface behavior. The potential application of N-Zn anode is also confirmed by introducing a full Zn/MnO2 battery with outstanding capacity stability for 2000 cycles at 1 A g-1 . Overall, this work offers new fundamental insights into homogenizing Zn electrodeposition processes by pre-introduced active nucleation sites and provides a novel direction of interface design engineering for ultra-stable Zn metal anode. DA - 2021/11/26/ PY - 2021/11/26/ DO - 10.1002/advs.202103952 VL - 11 SP - SN - 2198-3844 KW - N-doped interfaces KW - Plasma surface treatment KW - Zn anodes KW - Zn-ion batteries ER - TY - JOUR TI - Airbrushed PVDF-TrFE Fibrous Sensors for E-Textiles AU - Li, Braden M. AU - Ju, Beomjun AU - Zhou, Ying AU - Knowles, Caitlin G. AU - Rosenberg, Zoe AU - Flewwellin, Tashana J. AU - Kose, Furkan AU - Jur, Jesse S. T2 - ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AB - The low-temperature processing, inherent flexibility, and biocompatibility of piezoelectric polymers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based materials enable the creation of soft wearable sensors, energy harvesters, and actuators. Of the various processing techniques, electrospinning is the most widely adopted process to form PVDF nanofiber scaffolds with enhanced piezoelectric properties such that they do not require further post-processing such as mechanical drawing, electrical poling, or thermal annealing. However, electrospinning requires long periods of time to form sufficiently thick PVDF nanofiber scaffolds and requires extremely high voltages to form scaffolds with enhanced piezoelectric properties, which limits the number of usable substrates, thus restricting the integration and use of electrospun PVDF scaffolds into wearable textile platforms. In this work, we propose a facile processing technique to airbrush PVDF–trifluoroethylene (TrFE) nanofiber scaffolds directly onto textile substrates. We tune the polymer concentration (4, 6, and 8 wt %) and the spray distance (5, 12.5, and 20 cm) to understand their effects on the morphology and crystal structure of the fibrous scaffolds. The characterization results show that increasing the polymer wt % encourages the formation of fibrous morphologies and a β-phase crystal structure. We then demonstrate how the airbrushed PVDF–TrFE scaffolds can be easily integrated onto conductive inkjet-printed nonwoven textile substrates to form airbrushed piezoelectric textile devices (APTDs). The APTDs exhibit maximum open-circuit voltages of 667.1 ± 162.1 mV under tapping and 276.9 ± 59.0 mV under bending deformations. The APTDs also show an areal power density of 0.04 μW/cm2, which is 40× times higher compared to previously reported airbrushed PVDF scaffolds. Lastly, we sew APTDs into wearable textile platforms to create fully textile-integrated devices with applications in sensing a basketball shooting form. DA - 2021/12/28/ PY - 2021/12/28/ DO - 10.1021/acsaelm.1c00802 VL - 3 IS - 12 SP - 5307-5326 SN - 2637-6113 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.1c00802 KW - solution blow spinning KW - nanofibers KW - PVDF-TrFE scaffold KW - nonwovens KW - piezoelectric ER - TY - JOUR TI - Skin-Inspired Capacitive Stress Sensor with Large Dynamic Range via Bilayer Liquid Metal Elastomers AU - Yang, Jiayi AU - Kwon, Ki Yoon AU - Kanetkar, Shreyas AU - Xing, Ruizhe AU - Nithyanandam, Praneshnandan AU - Li, Yang AU - Jung, Woojin AU - Gong, Wei AU - Tuman, Mary AU - Shen, Qingchen AU - Wang, Meixiang AU - Ghosh, Tushar AU - Chatterjee, Kony AU - Wang, Xinxin AU - Zhang, Dongguang AU - Kim, Tae-il AU - Dickey, Michael D. T2 - ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES AB - Abstract Soft devices that sense touch are important for prosthetics, soft robotics, and electronic skins. One way to sense touch is to use a capacitor consisting of a soft dielectric layer sandwiched between two electrodes. Compressing the capacitor brings the electrodes closer together and thereby increases capacitance. Ideally, sensors of touch should have both large sensitivity and the ability to measure a wide range of stress (dynamic range). Although skin has such capabilities, it remains difficult to achieve both sensitivity and dynamic range in a single manmade sensor. Inspired by skin, this work reports a soft capacitive pressure sensor based on a bilayer of liquid metal elastomer foam (B‐LMEF). The B‐LMEF consists of an elastomer slab (elastic modulus: ≈655 kPa) laminated with a soft liquid metal elastomer foam (LMEF, elastic modulus: ≈7 kPa). The LMEF deforms at small stresses (<10 kPa), and both layers deform at large stresses (>10 kPa). The B‐LMEF has high sensitivity (0.073 kPa –1 ) at small stress and can operate over a large range of stress (200 kPa), which leads to a large dynamic range (≈4.1 × 10 5 ). Additionally, the elastomer slab has a large energy dissipation coefficient; the skin uses this property to cushion the human body from external stress and strain. DA - 2021/11/17/ PY - 2021/11/17/ DO - 10.1002/admt.202101074 VL - 11 SP - SN - 2365-709X KW - bilayer KW - high sensitivity KW - large measurement range KW - liquid metal KW - pressure sensor ER - TY - JOUR TI - Non-Covalent Coatings on Carbon Nanotubes Mediate Photosensitizer Interactions AU - Horoszko, Christopher P. AU - Schnatz, Peter J. AU - Budhathoki-Uprety, Januka AU - Rao-Pothuraju, Rahul V AU - Koder, Ronald L. AU - Heller, Daniel A. T2 - ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES AB - Carbon nanotube-based donor-acceptor devices are used in applications ranging from photovoltaics and sensors to environmental remediation. Non-covalent contacts between donor dyes and nanotubes are often used to optimize sensitization and scalability. However, inconsistency is often observed despite donor dye studies reporting strong donor-acceptor interactions. Here, we demonstrate that the dye binding location is an important factor in this process: we used coated-acceptor chromatic responses and find that dye binding is affected by the coating layer. The emission response to free- and protein-sequestered porphyrin was tested to compare direct and indirect dye contact. An acceptor complex that preferentially red-shifts in response to sequestered porphyrin was identified. We observe inconsistent optical signals that suggest porphyrin-dye interactions are best described as coating-centric; therefore, the coating interface must be considered in application and assay design. DA - 2021/11/3/ PY - 2021/11/3/ DO - 10.1021/acsami.1c14266 VL - 13 IS - 43 SP - 51343-51350 SN - 1944-8252 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c14266 KW - donor-acceptor KW - binding KW - metrology KW - interface KW - hybrid KW - dyes KW - substrate ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identifying factors that contribute to structural firefighter heat strain in North America AU - Barker, Roger AU - Fang, Xiaomeng AU - Deaton, Shawn AU - DenHartog, Emiel AU - Gao, Huipu AU - Tutterow, Robert AU - Schmid, Marni T2 - International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics AB - This article describes results from a survey of firefighters designed to identify conditions that contribute to heat strain in structural firefighting. Based on responses from about 3000 firefighters across the USA and Canada, the article provides invaluable information about how firefighters associate environmental conditions, work tasks and other factors with heat strain. One-half of firefighters surveyed have experienced heat stress during their service. They can wear fully deployed turnout gear for 2 h or more at the fire scene, reinforcing the importance of turnout suit breathability as a factor in heat strain. Survey results are useful in weighing the comparative value of total heat loss (THL) and evaporative heat resistance (Ref) for predicting turnout-related heat strain. Survey findings support the inclusion of a performance criterion in the National Fire Protection Association 1971 standard for firefighter personal protective equipment based on limiting Ref of turnout materials along with current THL requirement. DA - 2021/11/12/ PY - 2021/11/12/ DO - 10.1080/10803548.2021.1987024 VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 2183-2192 J2 - International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics LA - en OP - SN - 1080-3548 2376-9130 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1987024 DB - Crossref KW - firefighters' heat strain KW - North America KW - survey KW - thermal environments KW - personal protective equipment KW - turnout gear KW - work load KW - time distribution ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling the Triboelectric Behaviors of Elastomeric Nonwoven Fabrics AU - Wang, Yanan AU - Shim, Eunkyoung AU - He, Nanfei AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Gao, Wei T2 - ADVANCED MATERIALS AB - Theoretical modeling of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is fundamental to their performance optimization, since it can provide useful guidance on the material selection, structure design, and parameter control of relevant systems. Built on the theoretical model of film-based TENGs, here, an analytical model is introduced for conductor-to-dielectric contact-mode nonwoven-based TENGs, which copes with the unique hierarchical structure of nonwovens and details the correlation between the triboelectric output (maximum transferred charge density) and nonwoven structural parameters (thickness, solidity, and average fiber diameter). A series of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene nonwoven samples are fabricated through a melt-blowing process to map nonwoven structural features within certain ranges, while an ion-injection protocol is adopted to quantify the triboelectric output with superior consistency and reproducibility. With a database containing structural features and triboelectric output of 43 nonwoven samples, a good model fitting is achieved via nonlinear regression analysis in Python, which also shows good predictive power and suggests the existing of tribo-output maxima at a specific thickness, solidity, or average fiber diameter when other structural parameters are fixed. The model is also successfully applied to a group of polypropylene meltblown nonwovens, which verifies its universality on meltblown-nonwoven-based TENGs. DA - 2021/11/8/ PY - 2021/11/8/ DO - 10.1002/adma.202106429 VL - 11 SP - SN - 1521-4095 KW - maximum transferred charge density KW - meltblown nonwovens KW - nonwoven structural features KW - triboelectric nanogenerators ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioinspired Bistable Dielectric Elastomer Actuators: Programmable Shapes and Application as Binary Valves AU - Wei, Shuzhen AU - Ghosh, Tushar K. T2 - SOFT ROBOTICS AB - Nature has plenty of imitable examples of bistable thin structures that can actuate in response to mechanical and environmental stimuli, such as touch, light, and moisture. Scientists and engineers have used these as models to develop real-world systems with enhanced shape stability, energy efficiency, and power output. The bistable leaf of the Venus Flytrap (VFT) has a uniquely simple structure that enables exquisite actuation to trap the prey instantly. In this study, we present a strategy, inspired and derived from the VFT, which incorporates dielectric elastomer (DE) layers in a bistable actuator capable of reversible snapping through electrical stimulation. The trilayered laminated actuator is composed of two prestrained layers and a strain-limiting middle layer. The balance between elastic energy and bending energy of the laminates results in bistable shapes. We explore a broad design space of the bistable architecture through analysis and experiments to validate the fabrication parameters. The rapid snap-through between the two stable configurations is activated by a voltage pulse applied on the DE layers that change the laminate's strain field. Whereas a high electric field is used as the actuation trigger, the self-stabilization characteristic of the bistable structure obviates the need for continuous voltage supply. Finally, we recommended a new method of flow control by modulating porosity on curved surfaces through operating bistable dielectric elastomer actuators as binary valves. DA - 2021/11/2/ PY - 2021/11/2/ DO - 10.1089/soro.2020.0214 VL - 11 SP - SN - 2169-5180 KW - bioinspired KW - bistable structures KW - dielectric elastomer actuators KW - binary valves ER - TY - JOUR TI - One-step fabrication of bulk nanocomposites reinforced by carbon nanotube array fragments AU - Aly, Karim AU - Aboubakr, Sherif H. AU - Bradford, Philip D. T2 - POLYMER COMPOSITES AB - Abstract Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) array growth is an established process where high aspect ratio carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are produced. This work demonstrates one‐step approach to fabricate bulk polymer nanocomposites using CNT array fragments'. Here, 4.5 mm long CNTs were collected post VACNTs synthesis. Next, CNT array fragments were coated with pyrolytic carbon (PyC) and infused with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix to create porous CNT/PDMS nanocomposite with a CNT weight fraction of 20%. Achieving similar weight fraction with super long bundled CNTs using dispersion techniques is extremely difficult. The compression and dynamic mechanical behaviors and piezoresistive response of the PDMS filled nanocomposite were assessed. The results revealed the potential of the synthesized structure to serve as fatigue‐resistant pressure sensors with high damping and self‐sensing capabilities. The proposed fabrication technique is versatile, as it can work with thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers in addition to allowing for mass production of PDMS filled nanocomposites. DA - 2021/10/21/ PY - 2021/10/21/ DO - 10.1002/pc.26359 VL - 10 SP - SN - 1548-0569 KW - bulk CNT KW - PDMS composites KW - carbon nanotubes KW - elastomers KW - rheological and mechanical properties ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flexible, transparent and tough silver nanowire/nanocellulose electrodes for flexible touch screen panels AU - Yu, Huang AU - Tian, Yan AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Fang, Dongjun AU - Yan, Chaoyi AU - Xie, Jingyi AU - Jia, Dongmei AU - Liu, Yi AU - Li, Chunxing AU - Cui, Meng AU - Liu, Hao AU - Chen, Gang AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Tao, Jinsong T2 - CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS AB - Flexible touch screen panel (f-TSP) has been emerging recently and metallic nanowire transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are its key components. However, most metallic nanowire (MNW) TCEs suffer from weak bonding strength between metal nanowire electrode layers and polymer substrates, which causes delamination of TCEs and produces serious declines in durability of f-TSPs. Here, we introduce AgS bonding and develop tough and strong electrode-substrate bonded MNW TCEs, which can enhance durability of f-TSPs significantly. We used silver nanowires (AgNWs) as metal conductive electrode and thiol-modified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC-HS) nanopaper as substrates. Because of the existence of Ag from AgNWs and S from NFC-HS, strong AgS bonding was generated and tough TCEs were obtained. The TCEs exhibit excellent electrical stability, outstanding optical and electrical properties. The f-TSP devices integrated with the TCEs illustrate striking durability. This technique may provide a promising strategy to produce flexible and tough TCEs for next-generation high-durability f-TSPs. DA - 2021/12/1/ PY - 2021/12/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118539 VL - 273 SP - SN - 1879-1344 KW - Nanofibrillated cellulose KW - Silver nanowires KW - Ag-S bonding KW - Transparent conductive electrodes KW - Flexible touch screen panels ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structure characterization of the clogging process of coarse fibrous filter media during solid particle loading with X-ray micro-computed tomography AU - Song, Yu AU - Shim, Eunkyoung T2 - SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY AB - Fibrous nonwoven filters are widely used in various air filtration applications. Coarse filters are typically used to protect and extend the lifetime of high-efficiency filters. However, unlike high-efficiency filters, limited work had been carried out to study the evolution of filtration properties and filter structures during the clogging process of coarse fibrous filters due to the lack of non-invasive and non-destructive structural characterization techniques. In this study, a coarse nonwoven filter media with a 94.52% mean porosity value was fabricated. The filtration properties of the studied coarse filter, including pressure drop and filtration efficiency, were found to increase along with the particle loading. The X-ray micro-computed tomography (XMCT) was used to non-invasively characterize the 3D structures of clean and particle-loaded fibrous nonwoven coarse filters at different clogging stages. Although the surface area scanned by XMCT (research of interest, 600*600 µm2) was a tiny spot on the whole filter media, this surface area exhibited good representativeness of the average structural properties of the whole filter media, e.g., porosity in this study. Depth profiles of local porosity and particle solidity across the full thickness of filter XMCT image indicated that at the beginning of particle loading stages, particles were captured and trapped by the top part of filter thickness, which was corresponded to the reported clogging process of high-efficiency filters. Then particles could be found across the full filter thickness. However, during the transitioning from the depth filtration stage to the surface filtration stage, clogging with high particle solidity was found in the bottom part of filter thickness. As more particles were loaded, clogging was found in both the middle and bottom parts. After that, the top part would be clogged, and the surface cake would start forming thereafter. This is the first report of the clogging process of the fibrous nonwoven coarse filter. Pore diameter distribution derived from the pore skeleton network via skeletonization of the 3D particle-loaded filter structures also described the same structure evolution during dust loading. DA - 2021/10/15/ PY - 2021/10/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118980 VL - 273 SP - SN - 1873-3794 KW - Clogging KW - Particle loading KW - Coarse filter KW - Nonwoven KW - X-ray micro-computed tomography ER - TY - JOUR TI - Toward Deterministic 3D Energy Storage Electrode Architectures via Electrodeposition of Molybdenum Oxide onto CNT Foams AU - Spencer, Michael A. AU - Yildiz, Ozkan AU - Kamboj, Ishita AU - Bradford, Philip D. AU - Augustyn, Veronica T2 - ENERGY & FUELS AB - Three-dimensional (3D) deterministic design of electrodes could enable simultaneous high energy and power density for electrochemical energy storage devices. The goal of such electrode architectures is to provide adequate charge (electron and ion) transport pathways for high power, while maintaining high active material loading (>10 mg cm–2) for high areal and volumetric capacities. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate such electrodes with processes that are both scalable and reproducible. Toward this end, here, we demonstrate how the fabrication of such an electrode is made possible by combining tunable, free-standing, and aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) foams with aqueous electrodeposition of a model intercalation-type transition metal oxide, MoO3. Morphological characterization including X-ray microcomputed tomography indicates that the obtained composite is homogeneous. Electrodes with an active mass loading of up to 18 mg cm–2 reached near-theoretical Li-ion intercalation capacities within 1.7 h. The highest-mass loading electrodes also led to areal and volumetric capacities of 4.5 mA h cm–2 and 290 mA h cm–3, respectively, with 55% capacity retention for charge/discharge times of 10 min. Overall, this work demonstrates a scalable, deterministic 3D electrode design strategy using electrodeposition and free-standing, aligned CNT foams that lead to high areal and volumetric capacities and good rate performance due to well-distributed charge transport pathways. DA - 2021/10/7/ PY - 2021/10/7/ DO - 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02352 VL - 35 IS - 19 SP - 16183-16193 SN - 1520-5029 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coherent CuO-ZnO nanobullets maneuvered for photocatalytic hydrogen generation and degradation of a persistent water pollutant under visible-light illumination AU - Sapkota, Kamal Prasad AU - Lee, Insup AU - Shrestha, Santu AU - Islam, Akherul AU - Hanif, Abu AU - Akter, Jeasmin AU - Hahn, Jae Ryang T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AB - CuO–ZnO nanocomposite photocatalysts synthesized via a facile co-crystallization process followed by high pressure annealing demonstrated excellent photocatalysis of H2 gas generation via water splitting as well as methylene blue (MB) dye degradation. Morphological analyses revealed that CuO nanoparticles readily combined with ZnO crystals to give rise to unique hierarchical bullet-shaped composite particles referred to as nanobullets. Elemental analyses confirmed the uniform distribution of CuO nanoparticles in the ZnO nanobullets. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis showed peak shifts associated with changes in the electronic states of the Cu and Zn species, confirming the formation of a heterojunction. Successful heterojunction formation was further supported by several imaging and spectroscopic techniques. The composite samples demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with both uncombined ZnO and uncombined CuO. Among the as-synthesized nanocomposites, the sample annealed for 30 min (abbreviated as CZ-30) displayed the highest activity, generating 4.094 millimoles of H2 within 3 h and 98.6% photodegradation of MB within 80 min under exposure to visible light. Such an enhancement in photocatalytic performance was ascribed to the synergistic migration of charge carriers across the heterojunction of the composites. A mechanism of synergistic photocatalysis was proposed on the basis of the results. DA - 2021/12// PY - 2021/12// DO - 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106497 VL - 9 IS - 6 SP - SN - 2213-3437 KW - CuO-ZnO KW - Heterojunction KW - Nanocomposites KW - Nanobullets KW - Water splitting KW - Methylene blue KW - Semiconductor photocatalysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cyclization kinetics of gel-spun polyacrylonitrile/aldaric-acid sugars using the isoconversional approach AU - Banerjee, Debjyoti AU - Dedmon, Hannah AU - Rahmani, Farzin AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa AU - Ford, Ericka T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Comonomers, such as methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, and acrylic acid, can minimize the activation energy of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) cyclization through their nucleophilic reaction with pendant nitrile groups. An understanding of how these comonomers affect the kinetics of PAN cyclization inspired this study on how the isomeric sugars (glucaric acid( cis ) and mucic acid( trans )) would influence PAN cyclization. Until now, researchers have characterized the cyclization of PAN by single activation energy; however, this approach using differential scanning calorimetry does not represent the conversion dependent kinetics of cyclization. The isoconversional method was used to evaluate exotherms for cyclization at three different heating rates while allowing the calculation of activation energy at incremental increases in conversion ( α ). The aldaric acid sugars reduced the activation energy of initiation by ~five times in comparison to values observed for neat PAN fiber and the ratio of ( k 1 / k 2 ) (where k 1 is the rate constant for initiation and k 2 is the rate constant for propagation) improved by ~2 orders of magnitude. Based on molecular dynamic simulations, hydrogen bonding between the aldaric acids sugars and PAN lowered the activation energy at the onset of cyclization. DA - 2021/10/23/ PY - 2021/10/23/ DO - 10.1002/app.51781 VL - 10 SP - SN - 1097-4628 KW - differential scanning calorimetry KW - extrusion KW - fibers KW - kinetics KW - thermal properties ER - TY - JOUR TI - Viable approaches to increase the throughput of ring spinning: A critical review AU - Yin, R. AU - Ling, Y. L. AU - Fisher, R. AU - Chen, Y. AU - Li, M. J. AU - Mu, W. L. AU - Huang, X. X. T2 - JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION AB - Spinning is one of the major steps in textiles to convert staple fibers from either natural or synthetic sources into continuous and twisted yarns. Since its invention, ring spinning has become the most widely used spinning technology due to the high yarn quality and applicability. However, the productivity is limited by its twisting and winding mechanism. Viable approaches to substantially improve the throughput of ring spinning are crucial. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the state-of-the-art of disruptive technologies aiming at improving the throughput of ring spinning. Based on the governing equation of ring yarn productivity, two approaches of increasing spindle speed via reducing or eliminating ring-traveler friction and reducing yarn twist have been scrutinized. Increasing the spindle speed directly increases the centrifugal force and air drag of the yarn in the spinning balloon and exacerbates the traveler's wear. By reducing or eliminating the ring-traveler friction, it is possible to achieve a balance between improved productivity, similar energy consumption, and reasonable traveler wear. Since the yarn productivity is inversely proportional to the yarn twist, yarn productivity can be enhanced by reducing yarn twist with less energy consumption. However, with far less twist, the yarn strength is going to suffer. Therefore, both approaches improve ring yarn yield to some extent, and the level of improvement is subjected to the yarn count, fiber material, spinning conditions, etc. This review provides a clear view of the combination of both approaches to improve yarn productivity and energy efficiency. In the future, it is expected to see more studies of new alternatives which provide the ring spinning process with a cleaner and higher throughput compared to previous or current spinning technologies. DA - 2021/11/10/ PY - 2021/11/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129116 VL - 323 SP - SN - 1879-1786 KW - Ring spinning KW - Staple fibers KW - Yarn properties KW - Spinning technology KW - Yarn productivity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Glucaric acid additives for the antiplasticization of fibers wet spun from cellulose acetate/acetic acid/water (vol 245, 116510, 2020) AU - Biswas, Manik Chandra AU - Bush, Bailey AU - Ford, Ericka T2 - CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS DA - 2021/11/15/ PY - 2021/11/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118659 VL - 274 SP - SN - 1879-1344 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping the Progress in Flexible Electrodes for Wearable Electronic Textiles: Materials, Durability, and Applications AU - Liman, Md Luthfar Rahman AU - Islam, M. Tauhidul AU - Hossain, Md Milon T2 - ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AB - Abstract With the advancement of nanotechnology and electroactive materials, conventional textiles have transformed into a versatile wearable electronic platform that will inevitably escalate the development of next‐generation flexible electronics. Integration of nanoscale conductive particles such as polymers, metals, or nanocarbons into different structural textile design has simplified the way of personal interactive communications and portable sensing by distributing superior stretchability and functionality in a smart textile device. However, for the real‐life application, it is crucial to recognize the functional reliability of wearable textile electronics. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in electronic textiles (e‐textiles) using different electroactive materials and textile architectures for numerous wearable applications. The first section highlights different textile architectures used in e‐textiles and their various properties. Various electroactive polymers from carbon, metal, and conductive polymers, including their electromechanical properties and wash durability, are then discussed. Subsequently, progress in textile‐based energy harvesting and storage, personal thermal management, flexible sensing, electrocardiography (ECG), electromagnetic interference shielding are presented. Finally, the remaining challenges regarding the current materials and processing strategies are pointed out, and practical strategies to fully realize e‐textile systems are suggested. DA - 2021/9/3/ PY - 2021/9/3/ DO - 10.1002/aelm.202100578 SP - SN - 2199-160X KW - conducting materials KW - electromechanical functionality KW - emi shielding KW - e-textiles KW - self-powering KW - sensors KW - thermoregulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping wet vs gel spinning in Hansen space AU - Jimenez, Javier AU - Ford, Ericka T2 - POLYMER AB - The composition of coagulation baths for solution spun fibers are typically established through trial and error. No method currently exists to quantifiably differentiate wet from gel fiber spinning. Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSPs) characterize materials using a 3-dimensional coordinate system for dispersive ( δ D ), dipole-dipole ( δ P ), and hydrogen bonding ( δ H ) forces. This coordinate system was used to quantify the affinity of coagulation baths with respect to the polymer in the spinning solution. A correlation based on radial energy distribution (RED) was seen to consistently differentiate wet from gel spinning. If the HSP distance between the coagulation bath and polymer (Ra) is less than or equal to the inherent interaction radius (R o ) of the polymer (RED ≤ 1), coagulant diffusion inward is observed, which is critical for wet spinning. If Ra is greater than R o (RED > 1), negligible amounts of coagulant diffusion inward is observed, which is critical for gel spinning. This quantitative approach has applicability to a range of polymeric materials such as fiber, film, and membrane technologies. • Coagulation can be quantified by Hansen Solubility Parameters. • The relative energy difference (RED) differentiates wet from gel spinning. • Wet spinning is associated with an RED ≤1 in Hansen space. • Gel spinning is associated with an RED >1 in Hansen space. DA - 2021/9/16/ PY - 2021/9/16/ DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124079 VL - 230 SP - SN - 1873-2291 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124079 KW - Hansen solubility parameters KW - Wet spinning KW - Gel spinning KW - Diffusion ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelling and Stability Analysis for a Magnetically Levitated Slice Motor (MLSM) with Gyroscopic Effect and Non-Collocated Structure Based on the Extended Inverse Nyquist Stability Criterion AU - Li, Lingling AU - Yu, Yang AU - Hu, Liang AU - Ruan, Xiaodong AU - Su, Rui AU - Fu, Xin T2 - Machines AB - Stability of the rotor motion is the precondition for the reliable operation of magnetically levitated slice motors (MLSMs). However, with gyroscopic effect and non-collocated structure existing simultaneously, its stability analysis faces a tremendous challenge, because the torsional motions couple with the radial translational ones, making MLSM a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system with high order. Therefore, in this paper, we first establish a novel MIMO rotor dynamics closed-loop model and further convert it into an equivalent single-input and single-out (SISO) feedback control system by constructing complex variables, meanwhile reducing the system order by half. Beneficial from the equivalence between the MIMO and SISO systems, the sufficient and necessary conditions of the absolute stability of MLSM are derived by the extended inverse Nyquist stability criterion in the complex domain. Additionally, the effectiveness of the proposed modelling and stability analysis method is evaluated by simulation and experimental results. Thus, apart from PID parameters, this paper demonstrates that the stability of MLSM is also affected by the coupling of gyroscopic effect and non-collocated structure, which should serve as an essential guideline for system regulation of MLSM. DA - 2021/9// PY - 2021/9// DO - 10.3390/machines9090201 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/9/9/201 KW - magnetically levitated slice motor KW - gyroscopic effect KW - non-collocated structure KW - equivalent SISO feedback control system KW - extended inverse Nyquist stability criterion ER - TY - JOUR TI - In situ Chelation of Monoazo Dyes in Human Hair Keratin Fibers Using Environmentally Benign Metal Ions AU - Williams, Tova N. AU - Szymczyk, Malgorzata AU - Freeman, Harold S. T2 - ACS Applied Bio Materials AB - The coloration of human hair keratin fibers has long involved the oxidative coupling of primarily aromatic amines and phenols inside the fibers with the aid of harsh agents such as H2O2 and NH4OH. Further, the traditional process has exposed millions of consumers and their hairstylists to toxic substances such as skin sensitizers. While alternative hair dyeing processes have been explored, they fail to be competitive with the traditional method, for reasons including impracticality and limited colors achievable. In the present study, we developed an approach to imparting color to human hair fibers that involves entrapping colorants inside hair fibers by forming chelated monoazo dyes in situ. Dyes employed were based on monoarylide, arylazopyrazolone, and arylazonaphthol families, which display yellow, orange, and magenta colors on dyed hair. The dyes were applied at 40 °C without the use of oxidants and alkali associated with current commercial hair dyes, with the best dye uptake observed when the arylazonaphthol dye was employed. The dyed hair fibers showed good durability to washing, and treatment of these fibers with Al3+ or Fe3+ ions at 40 °C led to the rapid in situ formation of 1:2 metal/dye structures. In addition, the dyed hair was soft, indicating that chelated dye occupies the interior of the fibers rather than the surface. Such an approach can be applied to the coloration of other materials, including textiles. DA - 2021/8/16/ PY - 2021/8/16/ DO - 10.1021/acsabm.1c00512 VL - 4 IS - 8 SP - 6195-6202 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.1c00512 KW - azo dyes KW - chelation KW - hair dyeing KW - keratin fibers KW - metal ions KW - sustainability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Composite Films and Their Biomedical and Drug Delivery Applications: A Review AU - Moradi, Sara AU - Hamedi, Hamid AU - Tonelli, Alan E. AU - King, Martin W. T2 - APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL AB - The healing of wounds is still a challenging clinical problem for which an efficient and fast treatment is needed. Therefore, recent studies have created a new generation of wound dressings that can accelerate the wound healing process with minimal side effects. Chitosan, a natural biopolymer, is an attractive candidate for preparing biocompatible dressings. The biodegradability, non-toxicity, and antibacterial activities of chitosan have made it a promising biopolymer for treating wounds. Graphene oxide has also been considered by researchers as a non-toxic, inexpensive, and biocompatible material for wound healing applications. This review paper discusses the potential use of chitosan/graphene oxide composite films and their application in wound dressing and drug delivery systems. DA - 2021/9// PY - 2021/9// DO - 10.3390/app11177776 VL - 11 IS - 17 SP - SN - 2076-3417 KW - chitosan KW - graphene oxide KW - wound dressings KW - drug delivery ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are all charge-transfer parameters created equally? A study of functional dependence and excited-state charge-transfer quantification across two dye families AU - Marshburn, Richard Drew AU - Ashley, Daniel C. AU - Curtin, Gregory M. AU - Sultana, Nadia AU - Liu, Chang AU - Vinueza, Nelson R. AU - Ison, Elon A. AU - Jakubikova, Elena T2 - PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS AB - Twenty dyes from the Max Weaver Dye Library were used to benchmark six commonly used DFT functionals to understand the interplay between the errors in the calculated excitation energies and the degree of charge transfer character of the excitations. DA - 2021/8/30/ PY - 2021/8/30/ DO - 10.1039/d1cp03383b VL - 8 SP - SN - 1463-9084 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Digital Textile Ink-Jet Printing Innovation: Development and Evaluation of Digital Denim Technology AU - Wang, Ming AU - Parrillo-Chapman, Lisa AU - Rothenberg, Lori AU - Liu, Yixin AU - Liu, Jiajun T2 - JOURNAL OF IMAGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - This research explored the potential for ink-jet printing to replicate the coloration and finishing techniques of traditional denim fabric and standardized the reproduction and evaluation procedure. Although denim fabric is widely consumed and very popular, one drawback to denim is that the finishing and manufacturing processes are energy and water intensive and can cause environmental hazards as well as generation of pollution through water waste, particularly at the finishing stage. Textile ink-jet printing has the potential to replicate some of the coloration and finishing techniques of traditional denim fabric without negative environmental impacts. A two-phase research project was conducted. In Phase I (P1), an optimal standard production workflow for digital denim reproduction (including color and finishing effects) was established, and six different denim samples were reproduced based on the workflow. In Phase II, an expert visual assessment protocol was developed to evaluate the acceptance of the replicated digital denim. Twelve ink-jet printing, color science, and denim industry experts finished the assessment. DA - 2021/7// PY - 2021/7// DO - 10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2021.65.4.040407 VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - SN - 1943-3522 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Ionic Liquid Nanoconfinement on the CO2/CH4 Separation in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Thiocyanate Membranes AU - Rahmani, Farzin AU - Scovazzo, Paul AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A. AU - Nouranian, Sasan T2 - ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES AB - A combined experimental and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach was used to investigate the effects of the nanoconfinement of a highly CO2/CH4-selective ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([EMIM][SCN]), in porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrices on the gas separation performance of the resulting membranes. The observed experimental CO2/CH4 permselectivity increased by about 46% when the nominal pore diameter in PVDF, which is a measure of nanoconfinement, decreased from 450 to 100 nm, thus demonstrating nanoconfinement improvements of gas separation. MD simulations corroborated these experimental observations and indicated a suppression in the sorption of CH4 by [EMIM][SCN] when the IL nanoconfinement length decreased within the nonpolar PVDF surfaces. This is consistent with the experimental observation that the CH4 permeance through the IL confined in nonpolar PVDF is significantly less than the CH4 permeance through the IL confined in a water-wetting polar formulation of PVDF. The potential of mean force calculations further indicated that CO2 has more affinity to the nonpolar PVDF surface than CH4. Also, a charge/density distribution analysis of the IL in the PVDF-confined region revealed a layering of the IL into [EMIM]- and [SCN]-rich regions, where CH4 was preferentially distributed in the former and CO2 in the latter. These molecular insights into the nanoconfinement-driven mechanisms in polymer/IL membranes provide a framework for a better molecular design of such membranes for critical gas separation and CO2 capture applications. DA - 2021/9/22/ PY - 2021/9/22/ DO - 10.1021/acsami.1c13169 VL - 13 IS - 37 SP - 44460-44469 SN - 1944-8252 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c13169 KW - poly(vinylidene fluoride) KW - ionic liquid KW - 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate KW - membrane KW - nanoconfinement KW - molecular dynamics simulation KW - SILM KW - CO2/CH4 separation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Experimental Investigation of the Fiber Formation Process and Web Structures Using an Annular Meltblowing Spinneret AU - Barilovits, Stephen AU - Khan, Saad A. AU - Shim, Eunkyoung T2 - INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH AB - This research experimentally investigates the fiber and web formation process of an array of annular meltblown spinnerets. In this design, the molten polymer is extruded from an array of outlets, each of which is individually surrounded by a concentric high-velocity heated air stream. With its multirow capability, it potentially becomes a high-productivity microfiber fabrication process. We experimentally investigate the effects of critical processing parameters and material properties on the fiber and web formation process. First, the polymer thermal and rheological behavior is presented. Next, a detailed three-dimensional air temperature and velocity profile, measured in the absence of spinning fibers, is presented for an array of supplied temperatures and internal machine air pressures. Web analysis in relation to this air profile shows that smaller fibers in cooler air streams require shorter die-collector distances to form bonded fabrics. Calculations are then made that show polymer spinning temperature is largely determined by air temperature, a distinguishing feature of this meltblowing design. Finally, a full factorial variation of air temperature, air speed, and polymer throughput is shown that relates processing conditions to fiber diameter distribution. Median diameters are well described by an empirical model and ranged from less than 1 μm to almost 14 μm. DA - 2021/9/22/ PY - 2021/9/22/ DO - 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01080 VL - 60 IS - 37 SP - 13627-13636 SN - 0888-5885 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01080 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploration into practical significance of integral water permeability of textile vascular grafts AU - Guan, Guoping AU - Yu, Chenglong AU - Fang, Xuan AU - Guidoin, Robert AU - King, Martin W. AU - Wang, Hongjun AU - Wang, Lu T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS AB - Water permeability of textile vascular grafts has been considered as a key indicator for predicting blood permeability after implantation. However, a correlation between water and blood permeability has not been established yet. Therefore, even though the water permeability of a vascular graft can be tested according to the standard ISO 7198, the results fail to guide a manufacturer or a surgeon to judge whether this vascular graft needs pre-clotting or not prior to implantation. As a result, all commercial graft products show almost zero water permeability, which leads to the loss of advantages that textile vascular grafts have the pore size-controlled porous wall. To solve this problem, four types of woven vascular grafts were designed and manufactured in the present work. Then their permeability to water, simulated plasma, and anticoagulated whole blood were measured at graded pressures from 8 to 16 kPa. Moreover, the correlations among the water permeability, the simulated plasma permeability, and the anticoagulated whole blood permeability were established. The results suggest that relatively steady correlations exist between the water permeability and the anticoagulated whole blood permeability, and that the evaluation of the blood permeability using the water permeability is feasible and objective. The present work provides a quantitative method for evaluating the blood permeability using the water permeability, and the latter is thus endowed with practical significance for guiding designs and clinical pre-clotting operations of textiles vascular grafts. DA - 2021/7// PY - 2021/7// DO - 10.1177/22808000211014007 VL - 19 SP - SN - 2280-8000 KW - Vascular grafts KW - water permeability KW - blood permeability KW - pre-clotting KW - woven textiles ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wearable Actuators: An Overview AU - Chen, Yu AU - Yang, Yiduo AU - Li, Mengjiao AU - Chen, Erdong AU - Mu, Weilei AU - Yin, Rong AB - The booming wearable market and recent advances in material science has led to the rapid development of the various wearable sensors, actuators, and devices that can be worn, embedded in fabric or accessories, or tattoos directly onto the skin. Wearable actuators, a subcategory of wearable technology, have attracted enormous interest from researchers in various disciplines and many wearable actuators and devices have been developed in the past few decades to assist and improve people's everyday lives. In this paper, we review the actuation mechanisms, structures, applications, and limitations of recently developed wearable actuators including pneumatic and hydraulic actuators, shape memory alloys and polymers, thermal and hygroscopic materials, dielectric elastomers, ionic and conducting polymers, piezoelectric actuators, electromagnetic actuators, liquid crystal elastomers, etc. Examples of the recent applications such as wearable soft robots, haptic devices, and personal thermal regulation textiles are highlighted. Finally, we point out the current bottleneck and suggest the prospective future research directions for wearable actuators. DA - 2021/6/1/ PY - 2021/6/1/ DO - 10.20944/preprints202106.0035.v1 VL - 6 UR - https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202106.0035.v1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmentally benign dyeing mechanism of knitted cotton fabric with condensed and hydrolyzable tannin derivatives enriched bio-waste extracts AU - Liman, Md Luthfar Rahman AU - Islam, M. Tauhidul AU - Hossain, Md Milon AU - Sarker, Priti AU - Repon, Md Reazuddin T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION AB - This study reported a sustainable comparative cotton dyeing mechanism of condensed and hydrolyzable tannin enriched extracts by exploiting watermelon rind (WR) and mango seed kernel (MSK) bio-waste. Both crude dye extracts possess various coloring chromophores such as flavonoid, betacyanin, quercetin, β-carotene together with condensed and hydrolyzable tannin at a different level of concentrations, which were confirmed by several phytochemical screenings, thin layer chromatography, and UV spectroscopy. At optimized reaction condition, the resulted fixation rates of various WRCs (at 60 °C for 60 min) and MSKCs (at 90 °C for 60 min) were found as 25%–75% and 55%–71%, respectively. MSKCs have higher absorbance intensity and proactive anchoring sites than those of WRCs, resulting in three times higher color strength (K/S). For promoting the dye fixation, cotton fabric samples were chelated with different types of metallic salts (Fe2+, Al3+, Sn2+, and Cu2+) and 65% and 45% enhanced color strength was found for WRCs (K/S increased from 0.95 to 1.57) and MSKCs (K/S increased from 2.75 to 3.98), respectively. The effects of metal chelation with cellulose chain were estimated in terms of several crystallinity indices, hydrogen bonding configurations, and asymmetric factor and elaborately correlated with the improved dye fixation. In addition, the electrolyte was also added to the dye bath for further improvement of dye exhaustion, thereby granted 12% and 6% higher color depth for WR (K/S increased from 1.57 to 1.76) and MSK dyed fabric (K/S increased from 3.98 to 4.23). Finally, distinguishing colorimetric appearances and excellent colorfastness properties were ensured for different tannin classes. DA - 2021/8// PY - 2021/8// DO - 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101621 VL - 23 SP - SN - 2352-1864 KW - Condensed tannin KW - Hydrolyzable tannin KW - Phytochemical screening KW - Bio-wastes KW - Metal chelation KW - Cellulose crystallinity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Solution-Blown Poly(hydroxybutyrate) and epsilon-Poly-L-lysine Submicro- and Microfiber-Based Sustainable Nonwovens with Antimicrobial Activity for Single-Use Applications AU - Dias, Yasmin Juliane AU - Robles, Jaqueline Rojas AU - Sinha-Ray, Suman AU - Abiade, Jeremiah AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Niemczyk-Soczynska, Beata AU - Kolbuk, Dorota AU - Sajkiewicz, Pawel AU - Yarin, Alexander L. T2 - ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING AB - Antimicrobial nonwovens for single use applications (e.g., diapers, sanitary napkins, medical gauze, etc.) are of utmost importance as the first line of defense against bacterial infections. However, the utilization of petrochemical nondegradable polymers in such nonwovens creates sustainability-related issues. Here, sustainable poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PLL) submicro- and microfiber-based antimicrobial nonwovens produced by a novel industrially scalable process, solution blowing, have been proposed. In such nonwovens, ε-PLL acts as an active material. In particular, it was found that most of ε-PLL is released within the first hour of deployment, as is desirable for the applications of interest. The submicro- and microfiber mat was tested against C. albicans and E. coli, and it was found that ε-PLL-releasing microfibers result in a significant reduction of bacterial colonies. It was also found that ε-PLL-releasing antimicrobial submicro- and microfiber nonwovens are safe for human cells in fibroblast culture. Mechanical characterization of these nonwovens revealed that, even though they are felt as soft and malleable, they possess sufficient strength, which is desirable in the end-user applications. DA - 2021/8/9/ PY - 2021/8/9/ DO - 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00594 VL - 7 IS - 8 SP - 3980-3992 SN - 2373-9878 KW - PHB submicro- and microfibers KW - antimicrobial nonwovens KW - epsilon-PLL release KW - E. coli KW - C. albicans ER - TY - JOUR TI - Single-Chirality Near-Infrared Carbon Nanotube Sub-Cellular Imaging and FRET Probes AU - Langenbacher, Rachel AU - Budhathoki-Uprety, Januka AU - Jena, Prakrit V AU - Roxbury, Daniel AU - Streit, Jason AU - Zheng, Ming AU - Heller, Daniel A. T2 - NANO LETTERS AB - Applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in bioimaging and biosensing have been limited by difficulties with isolating single-chirality nanotube preparations with desired functionalities. Unique optical properties, such as multiple narrow near-infrared bands and several modes of signal transduction, including solvatochromism and FRET, are ideal for live cell/organism imaging and sensing applications. However, internanotube FRET has not been investigated in biological contexts. We developed single-chirality subcellular SWCNT imaging probes and investigated their internanotube FRET capabilities in live cells. To functionalize SWCNTs, we replaced the surfactant coating of aqueous two-phase extraction-sorted single-chirality nanotubes with helical polycarbodiimide polymers containing different functionalities. We achieved single-chirality SWCNT targeting of different subcellular structures, including the nucleus, to enable multiplexed imaging. We also targeted purified (6,5) and (7,6) chiralities to the same structures and observed internanotube FRET within these organelles. This work portends the use of single-chirality carbon nanotube optical probes for applications in biomedical research. DA - 2021/8/11/ PY - 2021/8/11/ DO - 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01093 VL - 21 IS - 15 SP - 6441-6448 SN - 1530-6992 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01093 KW - Multiplexing KW - biosensor KW - dual-color imaging KW - near-infrared sensor KW - energy transfer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wearable Actuators: An Overview AU - Chen, Yu AU - Yang, Yiduo AU - Li, Mengjiao AU - Chen, Erdong AU - Mu, Weilei AU - Fisher, Rosie AU - Yin, Rong T2 - Textiles AB - The booming wearable market and recent advances in material science has led to the rapid development of the various wearable sensors, actuators, and devices that can be worn, embedded in fabric, accessorized, or tattooed directly onto the skin. Wearable actuators, a subcategory of wearable technology, have attracted enormous interest from researchers in various disciplines and many wearable actuators and devices have been developed in the past few decades to assist and improve people’s everyday lives. In this paper, we review the actuation mechanisms, structures, applications, and limitations of recently developed wearable actuators including pneumatic and hydraulic actuators, shape memory alloys and polymers, thermal and hygroscopic materials, dielectric elastomers, ionic and conducting polymers, piezoelectric actuators, electromagnetic actuators, liquid crystal elastomers, etc. Examples of recent applications such as wearable soft robots, haptic devices, and personal thermal regulation textiles are highlighted. Finally, we point out the current bottleneck and suggest the prospective future research directions for wearable actuators. DA - 2021/8/24/ PY - 2021/8/24/ DO - 10.3390/textiles1020015 VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 283-321 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles1020015 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A relative hairiness index for evaluating the securities of fiber ends in staple yarns and its application AU - Huang, Xinxin AU - Tao, Xiaoming AU - Yin, Rong AU - Liu, Shirui T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Hairiness is a prominent property of staple yarns, but the existing evaluation parameters mainly describe the fiber ends already protruding out of yarn bodies. The potential fiber ends in yarns also play a crucial role in the performance of yarns in the subsequent processes and the resultant fabric quality. In our previous studies, maximum hairiness and its theoretical model have been proposed, which indicate the maximum fiber ends of a staple yarn having the potential to protrude out of yarn bodies and become hairy. On this basis, the relative hairiness index (RHI) is developed in this study to evaluate the fiber end tucking and securities of yarns. This index is treated as a ratio of the measured hairiness of sample yarns and the maximum hairiness of ring yarns in the same twist level and yarn count. A lower RHI indicates more fiber ends being tucked into yarn bodies, and a slower increment of the RHI with the increasing winding times represents more stable securities of fiber ends in yarns. The experimental results demonstrate that the RHI can directly reveal the effectiveness of different spinning parameters and methods in tucking and securing fiber ends; also, the changes of the RHI with increasing winding times visually present the stableness of fiber ends in various yarns experiencing abrasion, as well as predict the possibility of the potential fiber ends being pulled out to form hairiness during successive processes. The proposed RHI, therefore, provides a significant reference for the spinning process design and yarn quality control. DA - 2021/8/3/ PY - 2021/8/3/ DO - 10.1177/00405175211035136 VL - 8 SP - SN - 1746-7748 KW - Relative hairiness index KW - fiber securities KW - staple yarns KW - low-twist spinning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ultrasound-Assisted One-Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrimidne Derivatives through Biginelli Condensation: A Catalyst Free Green Chemistry Approach AU - Patel, Ashish AU - Shah, Jinagna AU - Patel, Kesha AU - Patel, Krishna AU - Patel, Harit AU - Dobaria, Divyesh AU - Shah, Umang AU - Patel, Mehul AU - Chokshi, Avani AU - Patel, Samir AU - Parekh, Nikunj AU - Shah, Hirak AU - Patel, Harnisha AU - Bambharoliya, Tushar T2 - LETTERS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AB - The aim of present work is one-pot catalyst free green synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidne derivatives through Biginelli condensation under ultrasonic irradiation. The chemical applications of ultrasound, "sonochemistry", has become an exciting new field of research during the past decade as it can increase reactivities by nearly a million fold. Owing to the increasing use of Green technology approach, due to its various merits over Classical methodology and as a need for sustainable Chemistry, this reaction has received renewed interest for preparing tetrahydropyrimidine (THPM) through Biginelii condensation in an environmentally thoughtful manner with improved yields. The objective of the present study is focused on developing novel Ultrasound-Assisted catalyst free one-pot synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidne derivatives through Biginelli condensation We, herein describe a highly efficient catalyst free one-pot green synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives using Biginelli protocol under ultrasonic irradiation at 50°C. All the products were characterized by comparing their physical and spectral data with those of authentic compounds reported in the literature. : A green and efficient ultrasound-assisted one-pot synthesis method for tetrahydro-yrimidine derivatives have been developed through Biginelli condensation. The technique affords up to 99% yield in only 5–20 minutes under mild heating. Each synthesized compounds were fully characterized through spectral techniques viz. IR, 1 H NMR, and Mass Spectroscopy. A green and efficient ultrasound-assisted one-pot synthesis method for tetrahy-droyrimidine derivatives have been developed through Biginelli condensation. The present sonochemistry based green chemistry approach with no additional acid catalyst produces no waste, shows a significant enhancement in reaction rates under mild ultrasound irradiation in excellent yields and therefore represents a green and enviro-economic synthetic methodology for the Biginelli condensation in comparison to conventional heating/micro-wave irradiation. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// DO - 10.2174/1570178617999201105162851 VL - 18 IS - 9 SP - 749-756 SN - 1875-6255 UR - https://publons.com/publon/51640510/ KW - Biginelli condensation KW - catalyst free KW - sonochemistry KW - tetrahydropyrimidine KW - ultrasound-assisted KW - sustainable chemistry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent progress in barium zirconate proton conductors for electrochemical hydrogen device applications: A review AU - Hossain, M. Khalid AU - Chanda, Rajesh AU - El-Denglawey, A. AU - Emrose, Tanvir AU - Rahman, M. Tayebur AU - Biswas, Manik C. AU - Hashizume, Kenichi T2 - CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL AB - Electrochemical hydrogen devices like fuel cells are widely investigated as promising technologies to mitigate the rising environmental challenges and enhance the renewable energy economy. In these devices, proton-conducting oxides (PCOs) are applied as electrolyte materials to transport protons. Excellent physical stability and higher proton transport number are two essential properties of electrolyte materials. Doped BaZrO3 (BZO) is a solid ion-conducting perovskite material with high chemical stability and good proton-conducting properties at an intermediate temperature range of 400–650 °C. Therefore, BZO is an attractive material among the exciting proton-conducting oxides as electrolyte material. To enhance the proton transport properties and improve the material fabrication process of BZO, techniques such as the use of dopants, sintering aid, synthesis methods are crucial. The present review work highlights the applications of BZO as electrolyte material in electrochemical hydrogen devices such as hydrogen isotopes separation systems, hydrogen sensors, hydrogen pumps, and protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) or solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The central section of this review summarizes the recent research investigations of these applications and provides a comprehensive insight into the various synthesis process, doping, sintering aid, operating environments, and operating condition's impact on the composition, morphology, and performance of BZO electrolyte materials. Based on the reviewed literature, remarks on current challenges and prospects are provided. The presented information on in-depth analysis of the physical properties of barium zirconate electrolyte's along with output performance will guide aspirants in conducting research further on this field. DA - 2021/9/1/ PY - 2021/9/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.05.167 VL - 47 IS - 17 SP - 23725-23748 SN - 1873-3956 KW - Proton-conducting oxide KW - Hydrogen pump KW - Hydrogen sensor KW - Fuel cell electrolyte KW - Proton conductivity KW - Energy materials KW - Barium zirconate (BaZrO3) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ultra-lightweight fiber-reinforced envelope material for high-altitude airship AU - Vallabh, Rahul AU - Li, Ang AU - Bradford, Philip D. AU - Kim, David AU - Seyam, Abdel-Fattah M. T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - In this work, fiber-reinforced laminates for the envelope (hull) of high-altitude airships were developed using a novel design concept utilizing ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) as the adhesive component layer with high gas barrier properties. The other component layers of the laminates included poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (Zylon®) fabric, metalized Mylar® (polyester) and metallized Kapton® (polyimide). The envelope materials were developed in two different strength categories. In the first category, three laminate designs were developed with strength ranging from 945–970 N/cm. The second group had one laminate design with a strength of 702 N/cm. These laminates with basis weights ranging from 103–113 g/m2, are the lightest envelope materials developed to date. As a function of their high strength and low basis weights, the new envelope materials have significantly higher specific strength (ranging from 911–925 kN.m/kg) compared to other envelope constructions published in the open literature. Other outstanding properties of the laminates include low helium permeability ranging from 0.4–8.0 cc/m2.24 hr.1 atm, high tear strength, UV and visible light (UV–Vis) resistance, and high creep resistance. DA - 2021/6/28/ PY - 2021/6/28/ DO - 10.1080/00405000.2021.1948695 SP - SN - 1754-2340 KW - Lighter-than-air KW - long endurance high-altitude airship KW - hull material KW - airship envelope material KW - high performance fibers ER - TY - JOUR TI - High performance 2D MXene based conducting polymer hybrids: synthesis to emerging applications AU - Faruk, Md. Omar AU - Ahmed, Abbas AU - Adak, Bapan AU - Marzana, Maliha AU - Hossain, Md. Milon AU - Mukhopadhyay, Samrat T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C AB - This review highlights the recent advances in MXene-conducting polymer hybrids for wearable electronics ( e.g. , energy storage, pressure sensing, and EMI shielding, etc. ). Furthermore, several future research trends have also been envisioned. DA - 2021/8/4/ PY - 2021/8/4/ DO - 10.1039/d1tc02240g SP - SN - 2050-7534 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of environmental temperature and humidity on evaporative heat loss through firefighter suit materials made with semi-permeable and microporous moisture barriers AU - Gao, Huipu AU - Deaton, Anthoney Shawn AU - Fang, Xiaomeng AU - Watson, Kyle AU - DenHartog, Emiel A AU - Barker, Roger T2 - Textile Research Journal AB - The goal of this research was to understand how firefighter protective suits perform in different operational environments. This study used a sweating guarded hotplate to examine the effect of environmental temperature (20–45°C) and relative humidity (25–85% RH) on evaporative heat loss through firefighter turnout materials. Four firefighter turnout composites containing three different bi-component (semi-permeable) and one microporous moisture barriers were selected. The results showed that the evaporative resistance of microporous moisture barrier systems was independent of environmental testing conditions. However, absorbed moisture strongly affected evaporative heat loss through semi-permeable moisture barriers coated with a layer of nonporous hydrophilic polymer. Moisture absorption in mild environment (20–25°C) tests, or when testing at high humidity (>85% RH), significantly increased water vapor transmission in semi-permeable turnout systems. It was also found that environmental conditions used in the total heat loss (THL) test (25°C and 65% RH) produced moisture condensation in bi-component barrier systems, making them appear more breathable than could be expected when worn in hotter environments. Regression models successfully qualified the relationships between moisture uptake levels in semi-permeable barrier systems and evaporative resistance and THL. These findings reveal the limitations in relying on THL, the heat strain index currently called for by the NFPA 1971 Standard for Structural Firefighter personal protective equipment, and supports the need to measure turnout evaporative resistance at 35°C (Ret), in addition to THL at 25°C. DA - 2021/7/22/ PY - 2021/7/22/ DO - 10.1177/00405175211026537 VL - 92 IS - 1-2 SP - 219-231 J2 - Textile Research Journal LA - en OP - SN - 0040-5175 1746-7748 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405175211026537 DB - Crossref KW - Moisture barrier KW - evaporative resistance KW - heat stress KW - firefighter KW - protective clothing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Visible-light-driven enhanced photocatalytic performance using cadmium-doping of tungsten (VI) oxide and nanocomposite formation with graphitic carbon nitride disks AU - Abu Hanif, Md AU - Akter, Jeasmin AU - Islam, Md Akherul AU - Sapkota, Kamal Prasad AU - Hahn, Jae Ryang T2 - APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE AB - We designed novel Cd-doped WO3 (CWC) and Cd-doped WO3@g-C3N4 (CWCC) heterostructure nanocomposites using a facile process and used them to remove pollutants from wastewater under visible light (VL). The g-C3N4 was designed in the form of a disk (CNDs) to facilitate the formation of CWCC composite. The photocatalytic efficiency of the CWCC was studied via the decomposition of methylene blue (MB), rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G), methyl red (MR), and methyl orange (MO). Outstanding photocatalytic performance of 95.98% was achieved within 80 min for MB. The efficiency of CWCC was 670%, 350%, 220%, 130%, and 121% greater than that of the blank, CNDs, pristine WO3, CWC, and WO3/g-C3N4 nanodisks, respectively. Under the same experimental conditions, the photocatalytic performance of CWCC was 82.22%, 77.51%, and 42.90% towards Rh 6G, MR, and MO, respectively. The increased catalytic efficiency of CWCC was attributed to a lowering of the bandgap and a favorable potential-energy location of the valence band and conduction band for photocatalysis by Cd doping and/or the formation of a heterojunction between the CWC and CNDs compositing with CNDs. The presence of a heterojunction enhanced the charge transfer and diminished the recombination of charge carriers. Two probable mechanisms are discussed. DA - 2021/11/1/ PY - 2021/11/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.150541 VL - 565 SP - SN - 1873-5584 KW - Nanocomposites KW - Visible light KW - Heterojunction KW - Bandgap KW - Photocatalytic degradation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Oriented PAN/PVDF/PAN laminated nanofiber separator for lithium-ion batteries AU - Zheng, Yixiao AU - Zhou, Rongxin AU - Zhao, Huanhuan AU - Ye, Feng AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Ge, Yeqian T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Electrospun nanofiber separators have excellent properties in terms of large surface area and high porosity, which benefits the rate capability, electrochemical stability, and safety performance of lithium-ion batteries. Herein, a 0°PAN/PVDF/90°PAN-oriented composite nanofiber separator is prepared, which is prepared layer by layer by electrospinning technology and drum orientation collector. The results show that when the rotating speed of the drum is 600 r min −1 , the 0°PAN/PVDF/90°PAN-oriented composite nanofiber separator has high porosity (about 85%), improved transverse and longitudinal tensile properties (10.33 MPa and 11.03 MPa, respectively), good dimensional stability at 160°C, and good electrochemical performance (specific charge capacity of 165 mAh g −1 at 0.5C and 142.7 mAh g −1 at 1C, capacity retention of 90% after 100 cycles). DA - 2021/3/28/ PY - 2021/3/28/ DO - 10.1177/00405175211005027 VL - 3 SP - SN - 1746-7748 KW - Electrospinning KW - separator KW - strength enhancement KW - orientation KW - PAN KW - PVDF ER - TY - JOUR TI - Subnanometer Thick Carbon-Layer-Encapsulated Silver Nanoparticles Selectively Neutralizing Human Cancer Cells and Pathogens through Controlled Release of Ag+ Ions AU - Islam, Md Akherul AU - Sapkota, Kamal Prasad AU - Riaz, Thoufiqul Alam AU - Hossain, Md Amjad AU - Abu Hanif, Md AU - Akter, Jeasmin AU - Hossain, Md Monir AU - Jang, Se Gyu AU - Chae, Han-Jung AU - Hahn, Jae Ryang T2 - ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS AB - We present the excellent and selective activity against human cancer cells and pathogens by double-layer carbon-encapsulated silver nanoparticles (C@AgNPs) and monolayer carbon-encapsulated silver nanoparticles (AC@AgNPs). C@AgNPs were synthesized via a modified solvothermal approach, whereas AC@AgNPs were prepared by exfoliation of the outer carbon layer of C@AgNPs. The physicochemical structures and properties of the C@AgNPs and AC@AgNPs are thoroughly examined; the carbon layer is found to ensure the needful release of Ag+ ions from the core Ag nanoparticles, and improve the biocompatibility and selectivity of NPs to kill the cancer cells. Hence, the C@AgNPs and AC@AgNPs are substantiated to be beneficial for controlling the overtoxicity caused by unstable bare AgNPs and achieving the targeted actions. The Ag+ ions exhibit their toxic effects against cancer cells or pathogens chiefly through the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The Ag+-ion release and ROS generation of the AC@AgNPs are found greater than those of the C@AgNPs because of the synergistic effect of the reduced thickness of carbon layer and increased specific surface area. The C@AgNPs and AC@AgNPs were applied against cancer cells (K562 and Hep3B), normal cells (LO2), and pathogens in vitro. The AC@AgNPs exhibit greater dose- and time-dependent late apoptosis of cancer cells than the C@AgNPs, and reduce the viability of cancer cells more effectively than the C@AgNPs. The crystal violet assay explicitly displays that the as-prepared samples exhibit preferential attack on cancer cells. In the analysis of apoptosis associated proteins, caspase-3 and PARP as markers, the protein expression was visible only for the cancer cells asserting that the prepared C@AgNPs and AC@AgNPs act selectively, invading only the cancer cells. Moreover, the AC@AgNPs exhibit a larger linear inhibition zone than the C@AgNPs against both Gram negative and Gram positive pathogenic bacterial stains in bactericidal activity probes. DA - 2021/7/23/ PY - 2021/7/23/ DO - 10.1021/acsanm.1c01276 VL - 4 IS - 7 SP - 7295-7308 SN - 2574-0970 KW - silver nanoparticles KW - double-layer carbon encapsulated silver nanoparticles KW - monolayer carbon encapsulated silver nanoparticles KW - silver ion release KW - ROS generation KW - Western blot KW - cancer cells KW - pathogens ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developments of Advanced Electrospinning Techniques: A Critical Review AU - Li, Ya AU - Zhu, Jiadeng AU - Cheng, Hui AU - Li, Guoqing AU - Cho, Hyunjin AU - Jiang, Mengjin AU - Gao, Qiang AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES AB - Abstract Electrospinning, considered as a low‐cost and straightforward approach, attracts tremendous attention because nanofibrous materials with functional properties prepared by it can be widely applied in numerous fields, including rechargeable batteries, filtration, and distillation. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the latest advances in developing this unique technique, which starts with a brief introduction of the advantages of electrospinning and highlights ongoing research activities, followed by its principles and progress. Afterward, the corresponding properties of electrospun nanofibers are discussed. A future vision regarding challenges and perspectives in this area is proposed at the end. It is believed that this review would provide an extensive and comprehensive reference to utilize this advanced technique to generate novel nanofibers performing in high demanding areas. DA - 2021/7/14/ PY - 2021/7/14/ DO - 10.1002/admt.202100410 VL - 7 SP - SN - 2365-709X KW - electrospinning KW - nanofibers KW - properties KW - review ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mosquito-Textile Physics: A Mathematical Roadmap to Insecticide-Free, Bite-Proof Clothing for Everyday Life AU - Luan, Kun AU - West, Andre J. AU - McCord, Marian G. AU - DenHartog, Emiel A. AU - Shi, Quan AU - Bettermann, Isa AU - Li, Jiayin AU - Travanty, Nicholas V. AU - Mitchell, Robert D., III AU - Cave, Grayson L. AU - Strider, John B. AU - Wang, Yongxin AU - Neumann, Florian AU - Beck, Tobias AU - Apperson, Charles S. AU - Roe, R. Michael T2 - Insects AB - Garments treated with chemical insecticides are commonly used to prevent mosquito bites. Resistance to insecticides, however, is threatening the efficacy of this technology, and people are increasingly concerned about the potential health impacts of wearing insecticide-treated clothing. Here, we report a mathematical model for fabric barriers that resist bites from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes based on textile physical structure and no insecticides. The model was derived from mosquito morphometrics and analysis of mosquito biting behavior. Woven filter fabrics, precision polypropylene plates, and knitted fabrics were used for model validation. Then, based on the model predictions, prototype knitted textiles and garments were developed that prevented mosquito biting, and comfort testing showed the garments to possess superior thermophysiological properties. Our fabrics provided a three-times greater bite resistance than the insecticide-treated cloth. Our predictive model can be used to develop additional textiles in the future for garments that are highly bite resistant to mosquitoes. DA - 2021/7/13/ PY - 2021/7/13/ DO - 10.3390/insects12070636 VL - 12 IS - 7 SP - 636 J2 - Insects LA - en OP - SN - 2075-4450 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070636 DB - Crossref KW - mosquito KW - bite-proof garment KW - model KW - textile KW - non-insecticidal KW - physical barrier ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fashion Recommendation Systems, Models and Methods: A Review AU - Chakraborty, Samit AU - Hoque, Md Saiful AU - Jeem, Naimur Rahman AU - Biswas, Manik Chandra AU - Bardhan, Deepayan AU - Lobaton, Edgar T2 - INFORMATICS-BASEL AB - In recent years, the textile and fashion industries have witnessed an enormous amount of growth in fast fashion. On e-commerce platforms, where numerous choices are available, an efficient recommendation system is required to sort, order, and efficiently convey relevant product content or information to users. Image-based fashion recommendation systems (FRSs) have attracted a huge amount of attention from fast fashion retailers as they provide a personalized shopping experience to consumers. With the technological advancements, this branch of artificial intelligence exhibits a tremendous amount of potential in image processing, parsing, classification, and segmentation. Despite its huge potential, the number of academic articles on this topic is limited. The available studies do not provide a rigorous review of fashion recommendation systems and the corresponding filtering techniques. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first scholarly article to review the state-of-the-art fashion recommendation systems and the corresponding filtering techniques. In addition, this review also explores various potential models that could be implemented to develop fashion recommendation systems in the future. This paper will help researchers, academics, and practitioners who are interested in machine learning, computer vision, and fashion retailing to understand the characteristics of the different fashion recommendation systems. DA - 2021/9// PY - 2021/9// DO - 10.3390/informatics8030049 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - SN - 2227-9709 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics8030049 KW - fashion recommendation system KW - e-commerce KW - filtering techniques KW - algorithmic models KW - performance ER - TY - JOUR TI - A review on experimental and theoretical studies of perovskite barium zirconate proton conductors AU - Hossain, M. Khalid AU - Biswas, Manik C. AU - Chanda, Rajesh K. AU - Rubel, Mirza H. K. AU - Khan, M. Ishak AU - Hashizume, K. T2 - EMERGENT MATERIALS DA - 2021/7/9/ PY - 2021/7/9/ DO - 10.1007/s42247-021-00230-5 VL - 7 SP - SN - 2522-574X KW - Barium zirconate perovskite KW - Proton-conducting oxide KW - Hydrogen solubility and diffusivity KW - Fuel cell KW - Density functional theory KW - Molecular dynamics simulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reuse of water from real reactive monochromic and trichromic wastewater for new cotton dyes after efficient treatment using H2O2 catalyzed by UV light AU - Hipolito Bezerra, Katia Crystina AU - Fiaschitello, Ticiane Rossi AU - Labuto, Georgia AU - Freeman, Harold S. AU - Fragoso, Wallace Duarte AU - Costa, Sirlene Maria AU - Costa, Silgia Aparecida T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AB - The textile industry widely uses reactive dyes to obtain cotton fabrics having good resistance to color removal despite frequent washing. This level of dye usage generates substantial volumes of wastewater containing significant quantities of residual dye requiring treatment before discharges from commercial dyeing operations to public waterways. As part of a study aimed at recycling/reusing rather than discharging reactive dye wastewater, well-known dyes Reactive Yellow 176, Reactive Red 241, and Reactive Blue 221 were used in dyeing cotton fabric, and the generated wastewater samples were decolorized with H2O2 catalyzed by UV light. The efficiency of UV/H2O2 decolorization for trichromic wastewater was determined by UV-Vis monitoring at 550 nm, wherein it was found that more than 91% of color removal in trichromic wastewater occurred at pH 4. The reuse of wastewater was investigated by a total of three sequential cycles of wastewater treatments. The quality of cotton dyed with reused wastewater was assessed through color measurements using CIELAB, fastness to light, and wash fastness testing. Results showed that MCT/VS-based reactive dye wastewater arising from UV/ H2O2 treatment could be used for two subsequent dyeing cycles without compromising the quality of the color of the dyed cotton fabrics. The proposed treatment can also save water and salt, enhancing the economy of the dyeing process. DA - 2021/8// PY - 2021/8// DO - 10.1016/j.jece.2021.105731 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - SN - 2213-3437 KW - Cycles of reuse KW - Wastewater KW - Reactive dyes KW - Trichromy KW - UV light KW - Hydrogen peroxide ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nanomaterials-patterned flexible electrodes for wearable health monitoring: a review AU - Hasan, Md Mehdi AU - Hossain, Md Milon T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AB - Electrodes fabricated on a flexible substrate are a revolutionary development in wearable health monitoring due to their lightweight, breathability, comfort, and flexibility to conform to the curvilinear body shape. Different metallic thin-film and plastic-based substrates lack comfort for long-term monitoring applications. However, the insulating nature of different polymer, fiber, and textile substrates requires the deposition of conductive materials to render interactive functionality to substrates. Besides, the high porosity and flexibility of fiber and textile substrates pose a great challenge for the homogenous deposition of active materials. Printing is an excellent process to produce a flexible conductive textile electrode for wearable health monitoring applications due to its low cost and scalability. This article critically reviews the current state of the art of different textile architectures as a substrate for the deposition of conductive nanomaterials. Furthermore, recent progress in various printing processes of nanomaterials, challenges of printing nanomaterials on textiles, and their health monitoring applications are described systematically. DA - 2021/6/28/ PY - 2021/6/28/ DO - 10.1007/s10853-021-06248-8 SP - SN - 1573-4803 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional textiles and composite based wearable thermal devices for Joule heating: progress and perspectives AU - Faruk, Md Omar AU - Ahmed, Abbas AU - Jalil, Mohammad Abdul AU - Islam, M. Tauhidul AU - Shamim, Al Mojnun AU - Adak, Bapan AU - Hossain, Md Milon AU - Mukhopadhyay, Samrat T2 - APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY AB - Balancing personal thermal comfort is crucial through controlled heating for thermal management and energy saving. The traditional thermo-regulation systems consume a vast amount of energy to maintain thermal comfort. Thus, advanced materials and strategies have been devised to design wearable devices that minimize energy consumption as well as enhance thermal comfort through heating at an individual level. This review has critically discussed the recent advancements in wearable heating devices, focusing on strategies that have been used for developing advanced textiles and composite structures to regulate heat transfer between the human body and environment for personal heating. The review starts with a discussion on the fundamentals of thermal comfort and thermal management that are prerequisites for advanced electronic heating devices. Subsequently, the approaches for incorporating active and passive heating devices into the traditional textiles utilizing their intrinsic strength, flexibility, and conformability have been presented. The next section focused on the materials used for the fabrication of heating devices including, 1D materials (Carbon nanotube) and 2D materials (Graphene, MXene), metallic nanomaterials, and conducting polymers. Finally, the concept for the design and development of advanced thermoregulation textiles and composites for next-generation personal thermal management (PTM) devices have been presented. The concluding section highlighted the research gap and domains where further research endeavors can be directed. DA - 2021/6// PY - 2021/6// DO - 10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101025 VL - 23 SP - SN - 2352-9407 KW - Wearable thermal devices KW - Smart textiles KW - Nanomaterials KW - Personal thermal management KW - Active and passive heating KW - Joule heating ER - TY - JOUR TI - N-Halamine Polypropylene Nonwoven Fabrics with Rechargeable Antibacterial and Antiviral Functions for Medical Applications AU - Ma, Yue AU - Wisuthiphaet, Nicharee AU - Bolt, Hunter AU - Nitin, Nitin AU - Zhao, Qinghua AU - Wang, Dong AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Grondin, Pierre AU - Sun, Gang T2 - ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING AB - Embedding medical and hygiene products with regenerable antimicrobial functions would have significant implications for limiting pathogen contaminations and reducing healthcare-associated infections. Herein, we demonstrate a scalable and industrially feasible methodology to fabricate chlorine rechargeable melt-blown polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabrics, which have been widely used in hygienic and personal protective products, via a combination of a melt reactive extrusion process and melt-blown technique. Methacrylamide (MAM) was employed as a precursor of halamine monomers and covalently grafted onto the PP backbone to form polypropylene-grafted methacrylamide (PP-g-MAM), which could be chlorinated, yielding biocidal acyclic halamines. Subsequently, the resultant PP-g-MAM was manufactured into nonwoven fabrics with varying fiber diameters by adjusting the hot air flowing speed during the melt-blowing process. The chlorinated nonwoven fabrics (PP-g-MAM-Cl) exhibited integrated properties such as a robust mechanical property, good thermal stability, high chlorination capability (>850 ppm), and desirable chlorine rechargeability. More importantly, such chlorinated nonwoven fabrics showed a promising antibacterial and antiviral efficiency, achieving 6 log CFU reduction of bacteria (both Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Listeria innocua) and 7 log PFU reductions of a virus (T7 bacteriophages) within 15 and 5 min of contact, respectively, revealing great potential to serve as a reusable antimicrobial material for medical protection applications. DA - 2021/6/14/ PY - 2021/6/14/ DO - 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00117 VL - 7 IS - 6 SP - 2329-2336 SN - 2373-9878 KW - polypropylene nonwoven KW - N-halamine KW - rechargeable antimicrobial KW - antiviral KW - melt graft polymerization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meltblown Polyvinylidene Difluoride as a Li-Ion Battery Separator AU - Luiso, Salvatore AU - Henry, James J. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Fedkiw, Peter S. T2 - ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS AB - Among the types of Li-ion battery separators, the benefits of nonwoven mats are high porosity with low mass and low average production cost. Nonwoven polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) shows promise as a separator because of its chemical and mechanical stability and good absorption of organic electrolytes used in Li-ion cells. We investigated the use of a melt-blowable PVDF (Kynar resin RC 10,287, Arkema, Inc.) to produce meltblown PVDF mats, with the objective of elucidating its properties as a separator in Li-ion batteries. Meltblown PVDF mats were fabricated with high quality on a 1.2 m wide Reicofil R4 meltblown pilot line and subsequently consolidated through thermal compaction in a hydraulic press. The resulting mats showed high homogeneity (low roping and fiber entanglements), an average pore size as small as 0.9 μm, and average fiber diameter as small as 1.4 μm, yielding a high surface area and electrolyte uptake. After thermally compacting the nonwoven mat, the thickness and pore size decrease along with electrolyte absorbance and ionic conductivity. The highest conductivity of the electrolyte-infused mat was ∼9.6 mS/cm (room temperature with 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate 1:1 w/w), and the first-cycle capacity of a Li/LiCoO2 cell containing the meltblown PVDF separators was 140 mA h/g. Here, we assessed meltblown PVDF as a Li-ion battery separator by studying its physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. DA - 2021/6/11/ PY - 2021/6/11/ DO - 10.1021/acsapm.1c00221 VL - 3 IS - 6 SP - 3038-3048 SN - 2637-6105 KW - Li-ion battery separators KW - polyvinylidene difluoride KW - electrolyte uptake KW - nanofiber ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inkjet Printed Textile Force Sensitive Resistors for Wearable and Healthcare Devices AU - Ju, Beomjun AU - Kim, Inhwan AU - Li, Braden M. AU - Knowles, Caitlin G. AU - Mills, Amanda AU - Grace, Landon AU - Jur, Jesse S. T2 - ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS AB - Pressure sensors for wearable healthcare devices, particularly force sensitive resistors (FSRs) are widely used to monitor physiological signals and human motions. However, current FSRs are not suitable for integration into wearable platforms. This work presents a novel technique for developing textile FSRs (TFSRs) using a combination of inkjet printing of metal-organic decomposition silver inks and heat pressing for facile integration into textiles. The insulating void by a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membrane between the top and bottom textile electrodes creates an architectured piezoresistive structure. The structure functions as a simple logic switch where under a threshold pressure the electrodes make contact to create conductive paths (on-state) and without pressure return to the prior insulated condition (off-state). The TFSR can be controlled by arranging the number of layers and hole diameters of the TPU spacer to specify a wide range of activation pressures from 4.9 kPa to 7.1 MPa. For a use-case scenario in wearable healthcare technologies, the TFSR connected with a readout circuit and a mobile app shows highly stable signal acquisition from finger movement. According to the on/off state of the TFSR with LED bulbs by different weights, it can be utilized as a textile switch showing tactile feedback. DA - 2021/7/1/ PY - 2021/7/1/ DO - 10.1002/adhm.202100893 VL - 7 SP - SN - 2192-2659 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202100893 KW - E-textiles KW - flexible electronics KW - force sensitive resistors KW - inkjet printing KW - piezoresistive sensors KW - wearable healthcare devices ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of a polycaprolactone/poly(p-dioxanone) bioresorbable stent with mechanically self-reinforced structure for congenital heart disease treatment AU - Zhao, Fan AU - Sun, Jing AU - Xue, Wen AU - Wang, Fujun AU - King, Martin W. AU - Yu, Chenglong AU - Jiao, Yongjie AU - Sun, Kun AU - Wang, Lu T2 - BIOACTIVE MATERIALS AB - Recent progress in bioresorbable stents (BRSs) has provided a promising alternative for treating coronary artery disease. However, there is still lack of BRSs with satisfied compression and degradation performance for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease, leading to suboptimal therapy effects. Here, we developed a mechanically self-reinforced composite bioresorbable stent (cBRS) for congenital heart disease application. The cBRS consisted of poly(p-dioxanone) monofilaments and polycaprolactone/poly(p-dioxanone) core-shell composite yarns. Interlacing points in cBRS structure were partially bonded, offering the cBRS with significantly higher compression force compared to typical braids and remained good compliance. The suitable degradation profile of the cBRS can possibly preserve vascular remodeling and healing process. In addition, the controllable structural organization provides a method to customize the performance of the cBRS by altering the proportion of different components in the braids. The in vivo results suggested the cBRS supported the vessel wall similar to that of metallic stent. In both abdominal aorta and iliac artery of porcine, cBRS was entirely endothelialized within 1 month and maintained target vessels with good patency in the 12-month follow-up. The in vivo degradation profile of the cBRS is consistent with static degradation results in vitro. It is also demonstrated that there is minimal impact of pulsatile pressure of blood flow and variation of radial force on the degradation rate of the cBRS. Moreover, the lumen of cBRS implanted vessels were enlarged after 6 months, and significantly larger than the vessels implanted with metallic stent in 12 months. DA - 2021/9// PY - 2021/9// DO - 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.017 VL - 6 IS - 9 SP - 2969-2982 SN - 2452-199X KW - Cardiovascular stent KW - Bioresorbable KW - Congenital heart disease KW - Braided technology KW - Thermal treatment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Design Method of Bearingless Permanent Magnet Slice Motor for Maglev Centrifugal Pump Based on Performance Metric Cluster AU - Zhang, Yifan AU - Hu, Liang AU - Su, Rui AU - Ruan, Xiaodong T2 - Actuators AB - Different from ordinary AC machines, the design of a bearingless permanent magnet slice motor (BPMSM) considers not only the torque performance, but also the passive and active suspension properties. In addition, BPMSM for a maglev centrifugal pump has unique design characteristics due to the integration of the pump head and sensors. This paper investigates evaluation and design techniques based on a cluster of performance metrics targeting on developing BPMSM for a maglev centrifugal pump. The cluster of performance metrics for BPMSM, including passive stiffness (kz, kz/kx, kz/ky, kα, and kβ) and active factors (ki and cm), is first proposed and an evaluation function fiSi,Li is constructed. Then, practical configurations of BPMSM for a maglev centrifugal pump are summarized. Based on the cluster of performance metrics, the finite-element method (FEM) is used to explore the impact of the rotor magnetization (sinusoidal, diametric, and radial method) on motor properties. Subsequently, the complete design process of BPMSM for a maglev centrifugal pump is introduced and key differences (including three crucial geometric parameters: ratio of rotor height to diameter λ, magnetic gap length δ, and stator tooth width αst) in the design considerations between BPMSM and general bearingless motors are analyzed. Finally, the upgraded performance (kz, kα, kβ, ki, cm, and fiSi,Li increased by about 29%, 38%, 33%, 31%, 21%, and 15%, respectively) of the designed candidate is obtained, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed design methods. DA - 2021/7// PY - 2021/7// DO - 10.3390/act10070153 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/10/7/153 KW - bearingless permanent magnet motor KW - slice motor KW - maglev centrifugal pump KW - passive property KW - performance metric cluster KW - evaluation function KW - parametric analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative dyeing behavior and UV protective characteristics of cotton fabric treated with polyphenols enriched banana and watermelon biowaste AU - Liman, Md Luthfar Rahman AU - Islam, M. Tauhidul AU - Repon, Md Reazuddin AU - Hossain, Md Milon AU - Sarker, Priti T2 - SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY AB - This study reported a facile structural modification of cellulosic fabric (cotton) by applying two different polyphenol enriched extracts derived from the banana floral stem (BFS) and watermelon rind (WR) for imparting UV protective functionality. The dye extracts are comprised of various UV protective natural chromophores (UVPNCs) such as tannin, flavonoids, anthraquinone, anthocyanin, betacyanine. The concentrations and absorbance intensities of UVPNCs were confirmed by phytochemical screening and UV spectroscopy. Better absorption behavior for BFS and WR chromophores into cellulose was found at 80°C and 60°C temperature with a constant runtime of 60 minutes. At this conditions, the fixation rate of BFS and WR was 53-63% and 25–85%, respectively. Furthermore, cellulose substrates were chelated with different types of metals (Al3+, Sn2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+) to promote the chromophore fixation. The effect of metal chelation with cellulose chain was estimated in terms of crystallinity indices, hydrogen bonding configurations and asymmetric factor, which were correlated with the enhanced UVPNCs fixation. The higher amount of BFS and WR chromophores were absorbed for Fe2+ and Cu2+, demonstrating ~61% and ~ 26% improvement in color strength (K/S), respectively. The formation of UVPNCs-metal-cellulose complex, decreased the UV transmission rate of the BFS and WR dyed fabrics. Interestingly, BFS dyed substrate exhibited higher (UPF = 50+) UV shielding ability compared to WR dyed substrate (UPF = 4.20) due to higher UVPNCs absorbance intensities and bonding capacity of BFS extract. Finally, the durability of functionality of BFS and WR dyed substrates was confirmed in terms of various colorfastness. DA - 2021/6// PY - 2021/6// DO - 10.1016/j.scp.2021.100417 VL - 21 SP - SN - 2352-5541 KW - Watermelon rind KW - Banana floral stem KW - Phytochemical screening KW - Asymmetric factor KW - UV protection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development and wearer trial of ECG-garment with textile-based dry electrodes AU - Fink, Paula Luise AU - Sayem, Abu Sadat Muhammad AU - Teay, Siew Hon AU - Ahmad, Faisal AU - Shahariar, Hasan AU - Albarbar, Alhussein T2 - SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL AB - This paper presents the design and development process of ECG (electrocardiogram) garments using different textile-based dry electrodes and assesses their performance through wearer trials. To comply with the design criteria identified for such garments, sequences of sketches with modified design features, physical prototyping and trial with industry grade mannequin were first implemented before finalising a prototype design with three different fabrics for chest, front and back panels. ECG electrodes were configured on the chest panel individually with following two different conductive textile materials - single jersey knitted fabric and embroidery thread – to construct two different prototypes, which were wearer-trialled with a human participant. Results show that the embroidered electrodes performed better than the knitted electrodes in ECG detection in still and active conditions within the same design and construct of garment. DA - 2021/9/1/ PY - 2021/9/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.sna.2021.112784 VL - 328 SP - SN - 1873-3069 KW - Textile KW - Dry electrodes KW - Knitted fabric KW - Embroidery KW - ECG ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hollow Co3O4-x nanoparticles decorated N-doped porous carbon prepared by one-step pyrolysis as an efficient ORR electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn-air batteries AU - Wang, Yali AU - Gan, Ruihui AU - Ai, Zhiquan AU - Liu, Hao AU - Wei, Chengbiao AU - Song, Yan AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Ma, Chang AU - Shi, Jingli T2 - CARBON AB - Composites of cobalt oxides and nitrogen-doped porous carbon, as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), offer considerable potential in new-style energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, a straightforward method for production of N-doped porous carbon (Co3O4-‍x@N–C) decorated by hollow Co3O4-x nanoparticles with oxygen vacancies has been studied by one-step pyrolysis of Co-doped quinone-amine polymer in gas mixture of NH3 and Ar. The nanosized CoO/Co3O4 heterostructure can boost the electron transport, while the hollow structure can ensure the structural and chemical stability of the catalyst, and the oxygen vacancy can change the surface electron structure and lower the activation energy barrier for oxygen reduction. Consequently, the as-prepared catalyst Co3O4-x@N–C exhibits excellent ORR catalytic performance (E1/2 = 0.845 V vs. RHE), exceeding that of Pt/C and most recently reported ORR catalysts. The Zn-air batteries assembled with Co3O4-x@N–C present a high open circuit potential (1.524 V), a large peak power density (105.2 mW cm−‍2) and great discharge-charge cycling performance, superior to the Zn-air batteries assembled with Pt/C. The excellent electrocatalytic performances of Co3O4-x@N–C make it an ideal alternative for precious metal catalyst (Pt/C) in rechargeable Zn-air batteries. DA - 2021/8/30/ PY - 2021/8/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.05.016 VL - 181 SP - 87-98 SN - 1873-3891 KW - Hollow Co3O4-x nanoparticles KW - N-doped porous carbon KW - Oxygen reduction reaction KW - Zn-air batteries ER - TY - JOUR TI - Smart materials and devices for electronic textiles AU - Zheng, Zijian AU - Jur, Jesse AU - Cheng, Wenlong T2 - MRS BULLETIN AB - Electronic textiles (e-textiles) have attracted a significantly increasing amount of interest in recent years. A wide variety of e-textile devices, systems, and applications have been reported. The development of smart materials and devices has played a critical role in this rapid progress of e-textiles. This article provides a concise review of the development of e-textiles and their applications. It introduces the three articles included in this issue. Finally, it discusses the challenges of this field. DA - 2021/6/8/ PY - 2021/6/8/ DO - 10.1557/s43577-021-00120-5 SP - SN - 1938-1425 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Selective growth of Ti3+/TiO2/CNT and Ti3+/TiO2/C nanocomposite for enhanced visible-light utilization to degrade organic pollutants by lowering TiO2-bandgap AU - Akter, Jeasmin AU - Hanif, Md Abu AU - Islam, Md Akherul AU - Sapkota, Kamal Prasad AU - Hahn, Jae Ryang T2 - SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB - Abstract A convenient route was developed for the selective preparation of two stable nanocomposites, Ti 3+ /TiO 2 /CNT (labeled as TTOC-1 and TTOC-3) and Ti 3+ /TiO 2 /carbon layer (labeled as TTOC-2), from the same precursor by varying the amount of single-walled carbon nanotubes used in the synthesis. TiO 2 is an effective photocatalyst; however, its wide bandgap limits its usefulness to the UV region. As a solution to this problem, our prepared nanocomposites exhibit a small bandgap and wide visible-light (VL) absorption because of the introduction of carbonaceous species and Ti 3+ vacancies. The photocatalytic efficiency of the nanocomposites was examined via the degradation of methylene blue dye under VL. Excellent photocatalytic activity of 83%, 98%, and 93% was observed for TTOC-1, TTOC-2, and TTOC-3 nanocomposites within 25 min. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of TTOC-2 toward methyl orange, phenol, rhodamine B, and congo red was 28%, 69%, 71%, and 91%, respectively, under similar experimental conditions after 25 min. Higher reusability and structural integrity of the as-synthesized photocatalyst were confirmed within five consecutive runs by photocatalytic test and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The resulting nanocomposites provide new insights into the development of VL-active and stable photocatalysts with high efficiencies. DA - 2021/5/4/ PY - 2021/5/4/ DO - 10.1038/s41598-021-89026-5 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2045-2322 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plant tannin and chitosan-templated cellulose for improved absorption of UV protective natural chromophores AU - Islam, M. Tauhidul AU - Repon, Md Reazuddin AU - Liman, Md Luthfar Rahman AU - Hossain, Md Milon AU - Al Mamun, Md Abdullah T2 - SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY AB - This study reported a facile and sustainable modification of cellulose by plant tannins and chitosan polymer for higher impregnation of UV protective natural chromophores (UVPNCs) derived from the banana floral stem (BFS). The phytochemical screening demonstrated that BFS extracts have different UVPNCs including condensed tannin, flavonoids, anthocyanin, betacyanin and anthraquinone. The optimized impregnation temperature and time for UVPNCs entrapping were found at 80°C with a time interval of 60 min and the overall inherent fixation rate of UVPNCs was ranging from 53 to 63%. The cellulose substrate templated with plant tannins (extracted from Terminalia chebula and Phyllanthus emblica) and chitosan improved the UVPNCs absorption amount almost 2 and 1.8 folds, respectively, which was expressed in terms of color strength (K/S). Interestingly, the UVPNCs entrapping ability of bio-crosslinked cellulose was also higher than typical metallic salts treated cellulose. The higher absorption mechanism of UVPNCs for tannins (-OH and –COOH) and chitosan (-NH2) templating have been discussed in terms of molecular orientation (TCI, LOI), inter and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding configuration (HBI, EH, R), and the total amount of anchored-UVPNCs which was expressed by the asymmetric factor (AF). The UV shielding property of the UVPNCs impregnated modified cellulose was compared and a maximum of two folds higher UPF value was found in bio-templated cellulose substrate (UPF range = 223 to 459) than metal treated cellulose substrates (UPF range = 163 to 175). Furthermore, the functional durability of UVPNCs impregnated substrates was evaluated in terms of several colorfastness and found very good to excellent grading. DA - 2021/6// PY - 2021/6// DO - 10.1016/j.scp.2021.100452 VL - 21 SP - SN - 2352-5541 KW - Cellulose KW - Phytochemical screening KW - Plant polyphenols KW - Chitosan KW - Cellulose molecular orientation KW - UV protection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent Advancement of Biopolymers and Their Potential Biomedical Applications AU - Biswas, Manik Chandra AU - Jony, Bodiuzzaman AU - Nandy, Pranab Kumar AU - Chowdhury, Reaz Ahmed AU - Halder, Sudipta AU - Kumar, Deepak AU - Ramakrishna, Seeram AU - Hassan, Masud AU - Ahsan, Md Ariful AU - Hoque, Md Enamul AU - Imam, Muhammad Ali T2 - JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT DA - 2021/6/13/ PY - 2021/6/13/ DO - 10.1007/s10924-021-02199-y VL - 6 SP - SN - 1572-8919 KW - Biopolymers KW - Drug delivery KW - Tissue engineering KW - Scaffolds KW - Wound healing KW - Sensors KW - Hygiene ER - TY - JOUR TI - Li intercalation in nonwoven carbon nanotube/carbon fiber felt electrode: Influence of carbon fiber type AU - Neto, D. B. de Freitas AU - Matsubara, E. Y. AU - Dirican, M. AU - Salussolia, G. F. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Rosolen, J. M. T2 - DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS AB - Binder-free electrodes resulting from nonwoven carbon fiber felt coated with carbon nanotubes (CNT/FELT) are a useful class of composites to explore the electrochemical properties of CNTs and derived nanostructures deposited on the CNT surface. Here, we show that, contrary to current literature knowledge, the nonwoven carbon fibers are not just a constituent of the CNT/FELT and do not have the exclusive function of holding the CNT network in the three-dimensional architecture. In fact, the nonwoven carbon fibers constituting the FELT and their electronic conductivity influence Li+ intercalation into the CNTs coating the FELT. By using FELT coated with cup-stacked-CNT (5% wt. CSCNT) and embedded with SWCNTs (CSCNT/FELTSWCNT) or MWCNTs (CSCNT/FELTMWCNT), we were able to tailor the Li specific capacity and Faradaic efficiency of the resulting electrode. From a technological standpoint, despite its huge specific surface area of around 1624 m2 g−1, CSCNT/FELTMWCNT presented excellent reversible Li specific capacity (415 mAh g−1) with respect to the total electrode mass as well as excellent faradaic efficiency at initial discharge/charge (~93%, C-rate ~ 1.6). Some kind of hybridization effect took place between the CNTs and the nonwoven carbon fibers in the FELT. Therefore, the CSCNT/FELT(SW or MW)CNT is a hybrid composite whose electrochemical behavior is governed by its constituents and their eventual electronic interaction. DA - 2021/5// PY - 2021/5// DO - 10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108353 VL - 115 SP - SN - 1879-0062 KW - Binder-free electrodes KW - Hybrid nonwoven electrodes KW - Carbon nanofibers KW - Carbon nanotubes KW - Li intercalation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Disintegrable, transparent and mechanically robust high-performance antimony tin oxide/nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol thermal insulation films AU - Fang, Dongjun AU - Yu, Huang AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Tian, Yan AU - Xie, Jingyi AU - Jia, Dongmei AU - Yan, Chaoyi AU - Liu, Yi AU - Li, Chunxing AU - Liu, Hao AU - Wang, Jiasheng AU - Tang, Fangcheng AU - Chen, Gang AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Tao, Jinsong T2 - CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS AB - Polymer-based thermal insulation films are widely utilized to reduce the influence of solar radiation. However, current thermal insulation films face several challenges from poor thermal insulation performance and severe environmental pollution, which are caused by the non-disintegratability of polymer substrates. Here, cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/antimony tin oxide (ATO) hybrid films with and without polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are presented and they can be used as window thermal barrier films and personal thermal management textiles. The hybrid films exhibit prominent thermal insulation performance, blocking 91.07% ultraviolet(UV) light, reflecting 95.19% near-infrared(NIR) light, and transmitting 44.89% visible(VIS) light. Meanwhile, the hybrid films demonstrate high thermal stability, high anti-UV aging stability, and robust mechanical properties. Moreover, the used-up hybrid films based on natural cellulose are of high disintegratability and recyclability. Our present work is anticipated to open up a new avenue for the fabrication of next-generation high-performance thermal insulation films with sustainable and environmentally friendly processes. DA - 2021/8/15/ PY - 2021/8/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118175 VL - 266 SP - SN - 1879-1344 KW - Solar radiation KW - Transparent insulation film KW - Cellulose nanofiber KW - ATO nanoparticle KW - Disintegrable KW - Recyclable ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wicking in textiles at rates comparable to human sweating AU - Kim, Hey-sang AU - Michielsen, Stephen AU - DenHartog, Emiel T2 - Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects AB - To understand liquid transport mechanisms in textiles for thermal comfort, the textile field has developed standard test methods, such as vertical wicking or a droplet test. However, experience has shown that these tests can give contradictory results. Here we try to understand how liquid moves along capillary channels in textiles by simulating realistic human sweating generated from each sweat gland pore. The SWEAT test mimics realistic human sweating by supplying a continuous microfluidic flow to only a single yarn at a single point within the fabric substrate at a similar flow rate to a single sweat gland. We compare the results of typical test methods with either infinite liquid reservoirs or limited, but large amounts of liquid with those of a new test method, the SWEAT test. In the SWEAT test, we found transfer of liquid from one capillary channel to another occurred only at contact points between the yarns and not through the space between yarns. Additionally, we observed a wicking lengthtime superposition: liquid wicked within a single yarn initially, subsequently it spilled over to adjacent yarns, and the initial wicking rate in adjacent yarns was the same as the initial course yarn but with a time offset. DA - 2021/8// PY - 2021/8// DO - 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126726 VL - 622 SP - 126726 J2 - Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects LA - en OP - SN - 0927-7757 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126726 DB - Crossref KW - Wicking KW - Wetting KW - Moisture management textiles KW - SWEAT test KW - Wicking length-time superposition KW - Porous media ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of a novel test method for the measurement of fuzz in nonwovens AU - Kim, Eunyoung AU - Nelson, DeeAnn AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - Quantitative evaluation of fuzz in nonwovens is of significant interest as nonwoven products are typically subjected to abrasion during service. In this work, the initial level of fuzz and its growth were quantified for polypropylene (PP) spunbond thermally point-bonded nonwovens in three different basis weights representing the range of nonwovens used in most disposable products. We used noncontact confocal laser microscopy coupled with three-dimensional image analysis to quantify the volume of fuzz. Fuzz data generated by using this novel test set-up was verified by statistical analysis, resulting in repeatable and reproducible results. This represents the first in a series of publications dedicated to the study of fuzz. DA - 2021/6/6/ PY - 2021/6/6/ DO - 10.1080/00405000.2021.1939517 VL - 6 SP - SN - 1754-2340 KW - Fuzz KW - spunbond KW - thermal bonding KW - nonwovens KW - measurement method ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional modification of cellulose by chitosan and gamma radiation for higher grafting of UV protective natural chromophores AU - Islam, M. Tauhidul AU - Repon, Md Reazuddin AU - Liman, Md Luthfar Rahman AU - Hossain, Md Milon AU - Al Mamun, Md Abdullah T2 - RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY AB - This study demonstrated a green functionalization process of a cellulose substrate by combining the chitosan treatment and gamma radiation. To impart the UV protection characteristics in the cellulosic structure, natural chromophores derived from Banana floral stem (BFS) was grafted in the functionalized cellulose surface. Phytochemical screening was performed to confirm the types of UV protective natural chromophores (UVPNCs) presented in BFS. The result exhibited the presence of condensed tannin, flavonoids, anthocyanin, betacyanin, and anthraquinone as the major UVPNC components in BFS. The optimum conditions for maximum sorption of UVPNCs into the functionalized cellulose matrix were recorded at 80°C for 60 min. The cationic biopolymer chitosan (2 g/L), different gamma absorbs doses (2, 4, and 6 kGy), and combined chitosan and gamma treatment into cellulose resulted around 15–23%, 44%, and 41–64% improved absorption of UVPNCs, respectively, as demonstrated by the change in color strength (K/S) compared to unmodified cellulose matrix. The concurrent treatments greatly improved the total crystallinity index (TCI), hydrogen bond intensity (HBI), hydrogen bonding energy (EH), hydrogen bonding distance (R) and asymmetric factor (AF) from 1.358 to 1.363, 0.971 to 0.988, 27.15 kJ–27.40 kJ (at 3274 cm−1), 2.766 Å to 2.764 Å (at 3274 cm−1) and 0.47 to 0.10, respectively. For gamma treatment, 6 kGy irradiation dose provided the best result for improved molecular orientation of cellulose and in combination of chitosan the substrate attained a maximum K/S of 1.98 after UVPNCs grafting. It was found that the UV protection factor (UPF) rating has a linear relationship with the UVPNCs absorption (K/S) and a maximum four-fold increase in UPF (165–506) was evident. The excellent bonding durability of the UVPNCs grafted samples was further ensured in terms of several colorfastness properties. This sustainable functionalization of cellulose with high UPF offers a great promise for applications in health care and photodegradation protection. DA - 2021/6// PY - 2021/6// DO - 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109426 VL - 183 SP - SN - 1879-0895 KW - Gamma radiation KW - Chitosan KW - Phytochemical screening KW - Natural chromophores KW - Cellulose microstructure KW - UV protection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabrication of scalable, aligned and low density carbon nanotube/silicon carbide hybrid foams by polysilazane infiltration and pyrolysis AU - Aly, Karim AU - Muhuri, Abir K. AU - Bradford, Philip D. T2 - JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY AB - Polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) process is an attractive technique that has high ceramic yield. This versatile method allows for fabrication of porous carbon nanotube (CNT)/ silicon carbide (SiC) hybrid materials that is important high temperature structural applications. Although several forms of CNT assemblies have been used with the PDC approach, the fabricated CNT/ceramic nanocomposites were either one or two dimensional. Herein, we report, for the first time, the fabrication of a low density, three-dimensional (3D) and scalable CNT/SiC structure using PDC technique. It was synthesized by impregnating preceramic polysilazane (PSZ) into ultralow density, anisotropic, and highly aligned CNT foams, followed by thermosetting and pyrolysis processes. The ceramic phase conformally coated the CNTs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractogram confirmed the presence of β-SiC crystalline phase. The resulting hybrid foam inherited the morphology and form factor of the original CNT foam, and possessed mechanical robustness, improved electrical properties, and extraordinary thermal stability. DA - 2021/6// PY - 2021/6// DO - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.12.035 VL - 41 IS - 6 SP - 3303-3313 SN - 1873-619X KW - Carbon nanotube foam KW - Polysilazane infiltration KW - Pyrolysis KW - Carbon KW - silicon carbide hybrid KW - Thermal insulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Formation of chemical heterojunctions between ZnO nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes for synergistic enhancement of photocatalytic activity AU - Abu Hanif, Md AU - Akter, Jeasmin AU - Lee, Insup AU - Islam, Md Akherul AU - Sapkota, Kamal Prasad AU - Abbas, Hafiz Ghulam AU - Hahn, Jae Ryang T2 - JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY AB - A series of nanocomposites composed of spherical ZnO nanoparticles (ZNPs, average diameter of 119 nm) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (average diameter of 1.1 nm) (ZNP–SWCNT) were synthesized. The synergistic effect of the SWCNTs on the photocatalytic efficiency of the ZNPs for the degradation of methylene blue dye under UV-light was demonstrated. The as-synthesized nanocomposites, pure ZNPs, and the pristine SWCNTs exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetic behavior in the decomposition of the dye. The decomposition rate constant in the presence of the nanocomposite varied with the amount of SWCNTs. The maximum rate constant was 680 % and 2570 % greater than those of the pure ZNPs and the pristine SWCNTs, respectively. It was found that the optical bandgap of the pure ZNPs was considerably narrowed, and their maximum UV absorbance was red-shifted upon composite formation between the SWCNTs and ZNPs. Those results suggested that the SWCNTs played a crucial role in the improvement of the catalytic activity of the ZNPs. Such a synergistic effect was due to the creation of a chemical heterojunction between the SWCNTs and the ZNPs. Moreover, the prepared nanocomposite demonstrated remarkable reusability: the photocatalytic efficiency was reduced by only 3.62 % after the fifth cycle. DA - 2021/5/15/ PY - 2021/5/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113260 VL - 413 SP - SN - 1873-2666 KW - ZnO-single walled carbon nanotube composites KW - Synergistic effect KW - UV radiation KW - Heterojunction KW - Methylene blue KW - Photocatalytic degradation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploring secondary interactions and the role of temperature in moisture-contaminated polymer networks through molecular simulations (vol 17, pg 2942, 2021) AU - Guha, Rishabh D. AU - Idolor, Ogheneovo AU - Berkowitz, Katherine AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa AU - Grace, Landon R. T2 - SOFT MATTER AB - Correction for ‘Exploring secondary interactions and the role of temperature in moisture-contaminated polymer networks through molecular simulations’ by Rishabh D. Guha et al., Soft Matter, 2021, 17, 2942–2956, DOI: 10.1039/D0SM02009E. DA - 2021/5/28/ PY - 2021/5/28/ DO - 10.1039/d1sm90100a VL - 5 SP - SN - 1744-6848 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanical Properties of Electrospun Fibers-A Critical Review AU - Rashid, Taslim Ur AU - Gorga, Russell E. AU - Krause, Wendy E. T2 - ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS AB - The mechanical properties of electrospun fibers play an important role in determining their applications. Most of the reported literature measures the mechanical properties of electrospun mats, scaffolds, or films instead of single fibers; however, a basic understanding of the relationship between the mechanical properties of the single fiber and that of the mat is critical to obtain precise information for choosing their application. This Review aims to evaluate the reported mechanical properties of electrospun fibers and the variables that influence those properties. An overview on the recent inputs in the development of mechanical properties of electrospun fibers is given, illustrating attempts to tailor mechanical properties of the fibers and/or mats. The necessity of determining flexible and reliable testing methods to establish testing standards for obtaining consistent and reliable data for both electrospun fibers and mats is also highlighted. DA - 2021/5/28/ PY - 2021/5/28/ DO - 10.1002/adem.202100153 SP - SN - 1527-2648 KW - electrospinning KW - mechanical properties KW - nanofibers KW - sampling KW - test methods ER - TY - JOUR TI - Process-Property Relationships for Melt-Spun Poly(lactic acid) Yarn AU - Gajjar, Chirag R. AU - Stallrich, Jon W. AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A. AU - King, Martin W. T2 - ACS OMEGA AB - Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an attractive biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and fiber-forming ability. However, the polymer is highly susceptible to both hydrolytic and thermal degradation during processing. Melt processing conditions typically involve high temperature and shear, whereas to prevent premature degradation, PLA needs to be processed under the mildest conditions that still yield the desired yarn properties. Thus, there is a need to determine the optimum processing conditions to achieve the desired properties of extruded PLA yarn. This study focuses on the effect of melt-spinning process parameters on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of the resulting PLA yarn and to derive their process–property relationships. The study compares the effect of process parameters like melt temperature, throughput through the spinneret, take-up speed at the wind-up roller, draw ratio, and drawing temperature on the yarn properties such as the yarn size (linear mass density), tenacity, elongation at break, crystallinity, and molecular weight. Depending on the combination of process parameters, the resulting PLA yarn had a yarn size ranging from 6.2 to 101.6 tex, tenacity ranging from 2.5 to 34.1 gf/tex, elongation at break ranging from 4 to 480%, and degree of crystallinity ranging from 14.6 to 62.2%. Certain combinations of processing parameters resulted in higher process-induced degradation, as evident from the reduction in molecular weight, ranging from 7.6% reduction to 20.5% reduction. Findings from this study increase our understanding on how different process parameters can be utilized to achieve the desired properties of the as-spun and drawn PLA yarn while controlling process-induced premature degradation. DA - 2021/6/22/ PY - 2021/6/22/ DO - 10.1021/acsomega.1c01557 VL - 6 IS - 24 SP - 15920-15928 SN - 2470-1343 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c01557 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structure-property relationship of melt spinning polypropylene fibers containing inorganic particulate CaCO3 fillers AU - Wei, Wei AU - Shim, Eunkyoung AU - Barnes, William AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Spinning technology using melt extrusion and spin-draw processes transforms polymeric materials into highly oriented, crystallized polymeric fibers. Thermoplastic isotactic polypropylene compound with ground CaCO 3 (GCC) and precipitate CaCO 3 (PCC) with stearic acid surface coating treatment was used in this study. This product was developed in masterbatch form, which contained 70% GCC in resin and 50% PCC in resin. The resulting (masterbatch pellets) polymer can be spun into fibers through a single-screw extruder. Surface and cross-sectional images of fibers were captured by optical microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy for identifying the organic/inorganic interface of fibers. The melt-spun fibers have a distinctive morphology, the particles impact on spinnability, and productivity in the spunbond will alter the mechanical property, thermal property and optical property of fiber-based products. Processing parameters, including spinning speed, throughput rate and take-up roll velocity, were systematically study to understand the structure formation. Meanwhile, different loading concentrations are applied for varied factor comparison of particle size and shape. The Weibull distribution model is applied for determining the tensile property of fibers containing high GCC dosages of 20–40%. Meanwhile, a few more steps of gauge length are utilized for studying the probability of a weak link in polymer materials. Through a systematic discussion of the GCC and PCC comparison study in changing fiber properties, the impact of the particle size on agglomeration formation is emphasized, as well as the breaking mechanism of fibers. DA - 2021/6// PY - 2021/6// DO - 10.1177/0040517520982001 VL - 91 IS - 11-12 SP - 1419-1435 SN - 1746-7748 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517520982001 KW - melt-spun fibers KW - calcium carbonate additive KW - polymer KW - particle interface KW - tensile property KW - weak link theory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) for Bioimaging and Drug Delivery Applications: A Review AU - Biswas, Manik Chandra AU - Islam, Md Tariqul AU - Nandy, Pranab Kumar AU - Hossain, Md Milon T2 - ACS MATERIALS LETTERS AB - Quantum dots (QDs) exhibit unique physicochemical and optical properties that are suitable for photovoltaic cells, light-emitting diodes, and optoelectronic devices; however, unlike selenium and tellurium/metal-sulfide-based QDs, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are comparatively less toxic and biocompatible, making them promising candidates for biological applications such as bioimaging, drug delivery agents, therapeutics, and theranostics. Various synthesis techniques such as top-down and bottom-up methods along with novel green synthesis methods for the preparation of pure and doped GQDs are thoroughly discussed in this study. Physicochemical, optical, and biological properties such as size- and chemical-composition-dependent fluorescence, therapeutics, disease diagnostics, biocompatibility, and cellular toxicity are extensively studied and summarized. Finally, the prospects and potential directions of GQDs in drug delivery and bioimaging systems are discussed in regards to challenges such as the synthesis, biocompatibility, and cellular toxicity. DA - 2021/6/7/ PY - 2021/6/7/ DO - 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00550 VL - 3 IS - 6 SP - 889-911 SN - 2639-4979 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00550 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thermoelectric Materials for Textile Applications AU - Chatterjee, Kony AU - Ghosh, Tushar K. T2 - MOLECULES AB - Since prehistoric times, textiles have served an important role–providing necessary protection and comfort. Recently, the rise of electronic textiles (e-textiles) as part of the larger efforts to develop smart textiles, has paved the way for enhancing textile functionalities including sensing, energy harvesting, and active heating and cooling. Recent attention has focused on the integration of thermoelectric (TE) functionalities into textiles—making fabrics capable of either converting body heating into electricity (Seebeck effect) or conversely using electricity to provide next-to-skin heating/cooling (Peltier effect). Various TE materials have been explored, classified broadly into (i) inorganic, (ii) organic, and (iii) hybrid organic-inorganic. TE figure-of-merit (ZT) is commonly used to correlate Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivity. For textiles, it is important to think of appropriate materials not just in terms of ZT, but also whether they are flexible, conformable, and easily processable. Commercial TEs usually compromise rigid, sometimes toxic, inorganic materials such as bismuth and lead. For textiles, organic and hybrid TE materials are more appropriate. Carbon-based TE materials have been especially attractive since graphene and carbon nanotubes have excellent transport properties with easy modifications to create TE materials with high ZT and textile compatibility. This review focuses on flexible TE materials and their integration into textiles. DA - 2021/6// PY - 2021/6// DO - 10.3390/molecules26113154 VL - 26 IS - 11 SP - SN - 1420-3049 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113154 KW - thermoelectric textiles KW - smart textiles KW - flexible thermoelectrics KW - carbon nanotubes KW - energy harvesting ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polymer melting temperatures and crystallinity at different pressure applied AU - Chen, Kailin AU - Zhang, Wenshuo AU - Yarin, Alexander L. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract The present work aims at the experimental investigation of the effect of an increased thermal bonding pressure on the melting point (the so‐called Clapeyron effect) of three polymers employed in nonwovens. Namely, this work quantifies the dependence of melting temperature on pressure in these polymers. The following three polymers were used in the present experiments: polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polypropylene (PP) (all three already received in the form of nonwovens). A simple novel method of measurements of melting points of such polymers under different pressures was proposed and developed. The results revealed: (i) the melting point of PBT nonwovens increased by about 12°C when the applied pressure was increased up to 277.79 atm; (ii) the melting point of the PET nonwovens increased by about 7°C when the applied pressure increased up to 104.86 atm; (iii) the melting point of PP nonwovens increased by about 6°C when the applied pressure was increased up to 104.86 atm. The melting temperature measurements by the present method were also validated through differential scanning calorimetry measurements with the above‐mentioned three polymers without applied pressure. DA - 2021/8/5/ PY - 2021/8/5/ DO - 10.1002/app.50936 VL - 138 IS - 37 SP - SN - 1097-4628 KW - differential scanning calorimetry KW - mechanical properties KW - textiles KW - thermal properties ER - TY - JOUR TI - Anisotropic mechanical behaviour of calendered nonwoven fabrics: Strain-rate dependency AU - Cucumazzo, V AU - Demirci, E. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Silberschmidt, V. V. T2 - JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS AB - Calendered nonwovens, formed by polymeric fibres, are three-phase heterogeneous materials, comprising a fibrous matrix, bond-areas and interface regions. As a result, two main factors of anisotropy can be identified. The first one is ascribable to a random fibrous microstructure, with the second one related to orientation of a bond pattern. This paper focuses on the first type of anisotropy in thin and thick nonwovens under uniaxial tensile loading. Individual and combined effects of anisotropy and strain rate were studied by conducting uniaxial tensile tests in various loading directions (0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° with regard to the main fabric’s direction) and strain rate (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 s −1 ). Fabrics exhibited an initial linear elastic response, followed by nonlinear strain hardening up to necking and final softening. The studied allowed assessment of the extent the effects of loading direction (anisotropy), planar density and strain rate on the mechanical response of the calendered fabrics. The evidence supported the conclusion that anisotropy is the most crucial factor, also delineating the balance between the fabric’s load-bearing capacity and extension level along various directions. The strain rate produced a marked effect on the fibre’s response, with increased stress at higher strain rate while this effect in the fabric was small. The results demonstrated the differences of the mechanical behaviour of fabrics from that of their constituent fibres. DA - 2021/6// PY - 2021/6// DO - 10.1177/0021998320976795 VL - 55 IS - 13 SP - 1783-1798 SN - 1530-793X KW - Anisotropy KW - strain rate KW - planar density KW - nonwovens KW - calendered fabrics KW - mechanical behaviour ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microstructures in All-Inkjet-Printed Textile Capacitors with Bilayer Interfaces of Polymer Dielectrics and Metal-Organic Decomposition Silver Electrodes AU - Kim, Inhwan AU - Ju, Beomjun AU - Zhou, Ying AU - Li, Braden M. AU - Jur, Jesse S. T2 - ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES AB - Soft printed electronics exhibit unique structures and flexibilities suited for a plethora of wearable applications. However, forming scalable, reliable multilayered electronic devices with heterogeneous material interfaces on soft substrates, especially on porous and anisotropic structures, is highly challenging. In this study, we demonstrate an all-inkjet-printed textile capacitor using a multilayered structure of bilayer polymer dielectrics and particle-free metal–organic decomposition (MOD) silver electrodes. Understanding the inherent porous/anisotropic microstructure of textiles and their surface energy relationship was an important process step for successful planarization. The MOD silver ink formed a foundational conductive layer through the uniform encapsulation of individual fibers without blocking fiber interstices. Urethane-acrylate and poly(4-vinylphenol)-based bilayers were able to form a planarized dielectric layer on polyethylene terephthalate textiles. A unique chemical interaction at the interfaces of bilayer dielectrics performed a significant role in insulating porous textile substrates resulting in high chemical and mechanical durability. In this work, we demonstrate how textiles’ unique microstructures and bilayer dielectric layer designs benefit reliability and scalability in the inkjet process as well as the use in wearable electronics with electromechanical performance. DA - 2021/5/26/ PY - 2021/5/26/ DO - 10.1021/acsami.1c01827 VL - 13 IS - 20 SP - 24081-24094 SN - 1944-8252 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c01827 KW - e-textiles KW - inkjet printing KW - polymer dielectrics KW - MOD silver ink KW - interface behavior KW - flexible electronics ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Review on the Synthetic Approach of Marinopyrroles: A Natural Anti-tumor Agent from the Ocean AU - Patel, Ashish AU - Shah, Hirak AU - Shah, Umang AU - Bambharoliya, Tushar AU - Patel, Mehul AU - Panchal, Ishan AU - Parikh, Vruti AU - Nagani, Afzal AU - Patel, Harnisha AU - Vaghasiya, Jitendra AU - Solanki, Nilay AU - Patel, Swayamprakash AU - Shah, Ashish AU - Parmar, Ghanshyam T2 - LETTERS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AB - Natural products play an important role in various drug discovery and development approaches. They are known to be the rich resources for the identification of new chemical entities (NCEs) intended to treat various diseases. Many drugs have been discovered and developed from natural sources. Indeed, collaborative efforts involving biologists as well as organic, medicinal, and phytochemists usually facilitate the identification of potent NCEs derived from natural sources. Over the past 20 years, more than 50% of NCEs have been derived either from marine sources or synthetic/ semisynthetic derivatives of natural products. Indeed, many drug molecules have been designed by considering natural products as the starting scaffold. The first bis-pyrrole alkaloid derivative of marinopyrroles was obtained from the marine-derived streptomycete species. In the laboratory, it can be synthesized via Clauson-Kaas and Friedel-Crafts arylation as well as copper-mediated N-arylation process under microwave irradiation. The marinopyrrole A (±)-28 was discovered to overcome resistance against human cancer cells by antagonizing B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL) and induced myeloid leukaemia cell (Mcl-1). In this review, we elaborated on various synthetic pathways of marinopyrroles possessing anti-cancer potential, which could encourage researchers to discover promising anti-tumor agents. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// DO - 10.2174/1570178617999200718004012 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 251-264 SN - 1875-6255 UR - https://publons.com/publon/33252564/ KW - Marinopyrroles KW - bis-pyrrole KW - anti-tumor agents KW - new chemical entities KW - natural products KW - streptomycete ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multiferroicity of Non-Janus MXY (X = Se/S, Y = Te/Se) Monolayers with Giant In-Plane Ferroelectricity AU - Abbas, Hafiz Ghulam AU - Debela, Tekalign Terfa AU - Hahn, Jae Ryang AU - Kang, Hong Seok T2 - JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C AB - Using first-principles calculation, we show that two non-Janus configurations, i.e., Se2Te1 and Se2Te2, of MSeTe (M = Mo or W) monolayers (MLs) are not only considerably more stable than Janus configuration but also dynamically and thermally stable at room temperature. Our Berry phase calculation shows that there is giant in-plane spontaneous electric polarization in the non-Janus MSeTe MLs as well as in the MSSe MLs, which is at least comparable to those predicted for the MLs of group-IV monochalcogenides and not present in the corresponding Janus MLs. Electronic band structure calculation indicates that both non-Janus configurations also exhibit giant spin splitting (160–480 meV) at the valence band maximum (VBM) due to the giant in-plane polarization, rendering them useful for miniaturized p-type spintronics based on two-dimensional (2D) materials. All of them exhibit direct gaps for the minority spin, which is in a strong contrast to the case of the corresponding Janus configuration. Calculation of the interconversion barrier shows that they are multiferroic with simultaneous ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity, which is enhanced under tensile strain. The multiferroic property can be used in the manipulation of carrier spin and band gap in spintronics and optospintronics. DA - 2021/4/8/ PY - 2021/4/8/ DO - 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c00949 VL - 125 IS - 13 SP - 7458-7465 SN - 1932-7455 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cellulose Microfibril and Micronized Rubber Modified Asphalt Binder AU - Li, Ang AU - Danladi, Abdu A. AU - Vallabh, Rahul AU - Yakubu, Mohammed K. AU - Ishiaku, Umar AU - Theyson, Thomas AU - Seyam, Abdel-Fattah M. T2 - FIBERS AB - Cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) and micronized rubber powder (MRP) can be derived from low or negative-cost agricultural/industrial waste streams and offer environment-friendly and cost-effective pathways to develop engineering products. This study investigated the efficacy of adding these micromodifiers on the performance characteristics of asphalt binders. In this work, samples were produced using a mixture of slow-setting anionic asphalt emulsion with various combinations of MRP (at 0, 2 and 10 wt %) and four types of CMFs (hydrophobic and hydrophilic with crystalline ratios of 86% and 95%) at 0, 2 and 5 wt %. The performance of modified asphalt samples was assessed by penetration depth (PD), softening point (SP), and penetration index (PI). Linear regression analysis showed that adding CMFs and/or MRP reduced PD and increased SP values. The type of CMFs significantly affected the performance, which becomes more distinct with the increased weight content of CMFs. While hydrophilic CMFs caused increases in SP and PI values, no clear trend was seen to determine the effect of CMF crystallinity. It was also discovered that the combined addition of CMF and MRP achieved similar PI values at lower total weight content compared to using MRP alone. DA - 2021/4// PY - 2021/4// DO - 10.3390/fib9040025 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - SN - 2079-6439 KW - cellulose microfibril KW - micronized rubber powder KW - asphalt binder KW - penetration depth KW - softening point KW - penetration index ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of Armband Form Factors on Wearable ECG Monitoring Performance AU - Li, Braden M. AU - Mills, Amanda C. AU - Flewwellin, Tashana J. AU - Herzberg, Jacklyn L. AU - Bosari, Azin Saberi AU - Lim, Michael AU - Jia, Yaoyao AU - Jur, Jesse S. T2 - IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL AB - In the current state of innovation in wearable technology, there is a vast array of biomonitoring devices available to record electrocardiogram (ECG) in users, a key indicator of cardiovascular health. Of these devices, armband form factors serve as a convenient all-in-one platform for integration of electronic systems; yet, much of the current literature does not address the appropriate electrode location nor contact pressures necessary to achieve reliable system level ECG sensing. Therefore, this paper will elucidate the role of electrode location and contact pressure on the ECG sensing performance of an electronic textile (E-textile) armband worn on the upper left arm. We first carry out an ECG signal characterization to validate the ideal armband electrode placement necessary to measure high quality signals without sacrificing practical assembly of the armband. We then model and experimentally quantify the contact pressure between the armband onto the upper arm as a function of armband size, a critical parameter dictating skin-electrode impedance and ECG signal quality. Finally, we evaluate how the size of the armband form factor affects its ECG sensing performance. Our experimental results confirm that armbands exhibiting modeled contact pressures between 500 Pa to 1500 Pa can acquire ECG signals. However, armband sizes exhibiting experimental contact pressures of 1297 ± 102 Pa demonstrate the best performance with similar signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) compared to wet electrode benchmarks. The fundamental design parameters discussed in this work serve as a benchmark for the design of future E-textile and wearable form factors with efficient sensing performance. DA - 2021/5/1/ PY - 2021/5/1/ DO - 10.1109/JSEN.2021.3059997 VL - 21 IS - 9 SP - 11046-11060 SN - 1558-1748 KW - Electrodes KW - Electrocardiography KW - Textiles KW - Sensors KW - Biomedical monitoring KW - Monitoring KW - Force KW - Textiles KW - E-textiles KW - compression garment KW - textile design KW - biometric devices KW - body sensor networks KW - cyber-physical systems KW - electrocardiography KW - dry electrode KW - screen printing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Length-dependent carbon nanotube film structures and mechanical properties AU - Zhang, Liwen AU - Ma, Xiaolong AU - Zhang, Yongyi AU - Bradford, Philip D. AU - Zhu, Yuntian T. T2 - NANOTECHNOLOGY AB - Abstract We investigated the microstructures of carbon nanotube (CNT) films and the effect of CNT length on their mechanical performance. 230 μm-, 300 μm-, and 360 μm- long CNTs were grown and used to fabricate CNT films by a winding process. Opposite from the length effect on CNT fibers, it has been found that the mechanical properties of the CNT films decrease with increasing CNT length. Without fiber twisting, short CNTs tend to bundle together tightly by themselves in the film structure, resulting in an enhanced packing density; meanwhile, they also provide a high degree of CNT alignment, which prominently contributes to high mechanical properties of the CNT films. When CNTs are long, they tend to be bent and entangled, which significantly reduce their packing density, impairing the film mechanical behaviors severely. It has also been unveiled that the determinant effect of the CNT alignment on the film mechanical properties is more significant than that of the film packing density. These findings provide guidance on the optimal CNT length when attempting to fabricate high-performance macroscopic CNT assemblies. DA - 2021/6/25/ PY - 2021/6/25/ DO - 10.1088/1361-6528/abef92 VL - 32 IS - 26 SP - SN - 1361-6528 KW - carbon nanotube film KW - carbon nanotube length KW - microstructures KW - mechanical properties ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enhancement of continuous flow cooling using hydrophobic surface treatment AU - Stoforos, George N. AU - Rezaei, Farzad AU - Simunovic, Josip AU - Sandeep, K. P. T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING AB - This study examined the effect of hydrophobic-surface treatment of tubular heat exchangers on cooling of viscous foods, namely sweet potato puree, banana puree, and cheese sauce. For the foods tested, cooling efficiency was compared between two identical tube-in-tube stainless-steel heat exchangers either untreated or treated with a hydrophobic chemical coating, Aculon. The average overall heat transfer coefficient, U, was calculated and compared between the two heat exchangers. Cooling of banana puree was improved when using the Aculon-treated heat exchanger, revealing a U of 115 W/(m2·K) compared to 105 W/(m2·K) for the untreated heat exchanger. Cheese sauce cooling was influenced the most, with a U value of 187 W/(m2·K) for the Aculon-treated heat exchanger, compared to 133 W/(m2·K) for the untreated case. Finally, Aculon-treatment showed no difference in the cooling of sweet potato puree, with U of 193 W/(m2·K) and 195 W/(m2·K) for the untreated and the Aculon-treated heat exchangers, respectively. DA - 2021/7// PY - 2021/7// DO - 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110524 VL - 300 SP - SN - 1873-5770 KW - Cooling KW - Modified heat exchanger KW - Sweet potato puree KW - Banana puree KW - Cheese sauce ER - TY - JOUR TI - From 1D electrospun nanofibers to advanced multifunctional fibrous 3D aerogels AU - Dilamian, Mandana AU - Joghataei, Majid AU - Ashrafi, Zahra AU - Bohr, Christoph AU - Mathur, Sanjay AU - Maleki, Hajar T2 - APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY AB - A new class of aerogels based on advanced 1D nanofibers have emerged recently. What makes this class of aerogel, known as “fibrous aerogels,” to stand out from those obtained from traditional sol-gel processed and supercritical drying method is its ease of processability, versatility, and multifunctionality. The fibrous aerogels not only hold intrinsic aerogels properties such as porosity, low density, and high specific surface area but also benefit from the inherent features of electrospun nanofibers, dual micro-/nanoporous structures, and fragmented fibrillar entanglement in the nano-/microscale. Besides, the versatility in the electrospinning and freeze-casting techniques render the process with the possibility of selecting a wide range of materials as the building blocks as well as tunable porosity and different geometrical shapes, which lead to superior mechanical properties and additional functionalities. This review has highlighted the historical developments, design principles, recent breakthroughs in emerging applications, and a fresh perspective for upcoming research in the field of fibrous aerogels. DA - 2021/3// PY - 2021/3// DO - 10.1016/j.apmt.2021.100964 VL - 22 SP - SN - 2352-9407 KW - Fibrous aerogel KW - Nanofiber KW - Fibrous mat KW - Electrospinning KW - 3D structure KW - Freeze-casting KW - Ice-templating ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bacterial Superoleophobic Fibrous Matrices: A Naturally Occurring Liquid-Infused System for Oil-Water Separation AU - Ashrafi, Zahra AU - Hu, Zimu AU - Lucia, Lucian AU - Krause, Wendy T2 - LANGMUIR AB - Nanocellulose fibers bioengineered by bacteria are a high-performance three-dimensional cross-linked network which can confine a dispersed liquid medium such as water. The strong chemical and physical interactions of dispersed water molecules with the entangled cellulosic network allow these materials to be ideal substrates for effective liquid separation. This type of phenomenon can be characterized as green with no equivalent precedent; its performance and sustainability relative to other cellulose-based or synthetic membranes are shown herein to be superior. In this work, we demonstrated that the renewable bacterial nanocellulosic membrane can be used as a stable liquid-infused system for the development of soft surfaces with superwettability and special adhesion properties and thus address intractable issues normally encountered by solid surfaces. DA - 2021/3/2/ PY - 2021/3/2/ DO - 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02717 VL - 37 IS - 8 SP - 2552-2562 SN - 0743-7463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hierarchical Nanocauliflower Chemical Assembly Composed of Copper Oxide and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Photocatalytic Dye Degradation AU - Sapkota, Kamal Prasad AU - Islam, Md Akherul AU - Abu Hanif, Md AU - Akter, Jeasmin AU - Lee, Insup AU - Hahn, Jae Ryang T2 - NANOMATERIALS AB - We present the fabrication and proficient photocatalytic performance of a series of heterojunction nanocomposites with cauliflower-like architecture synthesized from copper(II) oxide (CuO) nanocrystals and carbon nanotubes with single walls (SWCNTs). These unique photocatalysts were constructed via simplistic recrystallization succeeded by calcination and were labeled as CuOSC-1, CuOSC-2, and CuOSC-3 (representing the components; CuO and SC for SWCNTs, and the calcination time in hours). The photocatalytic potency of the fabricated nanocomposites was investigated on the basis of their capability to decompose methylene blue (MB) dye under visible-light irradiation. Every as-synthesized nanocomposite was effective photocatalyst for the photodecomposition of an MB solution. Moreover, CuOSC-3 exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, with 96% degradation of the visible-light irradiated MB solution in 2 h. Pure CuO nanocrystals generated through the same route and pure SWCNTs were used as controls, where the photocatalytic actions of the nanocomposite samples were found to be remarkably better than that of either the pure CuO or the pure SWCNTs. The recycling proficiency of the photocatalysts was also explored; the results disclosed that the samples could be applied for five cycles without exhibiting a notable change in photocatalytic performance or morphology. DA - 2021/3// PY - 2021/3// DO - 10.3390/nano11030696 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - SN - 2079-4991 KW - CuO– KW - SWCNT KW - nanocauliflower KW - heterojunction KW - recrystallization KW - photocatalysis KW - dye degradation KW - nanocomposites ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of yarn size and blood drop size on wicking and bloodstains in textiles AU - Baby, Ruksana AU - Michielsen, Stephen AU - Wu, Jiaying T2 - JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AB - Abstract Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) for stains found on non‐porous surfaces has matured into a powerful forensic science tool based on fluid mechanics principles. The same cannot be said when bloodstains are found on porous substrates, such as textiles. This is partially due to the complex nature of textiles with tens of thousands of different materials in addition to unknown wear characteristics. In this study, three single jersey knit fabrics were manufactured from 100% cotton ring‐spun yarns of linear densities of 12, 20, and 30 Ne (492, 295, and 197 dtex, respectively) and nearly identical twist multipliers. Single drops of porcine blood of 2, 10, 30, and 60 µL were allowed to fall 1 cm (to eliminate the impact of blood velocity) onto each fabric to understand the effects of yarn size on wicking and bloodstains. The size of the stain was then measured and compared for different fabrics and blood drop sizes. Wicking of blood into the fabric was fastest for the largest yarn fabrics, but more extensive wicking occurred on finer yarn fabrics resulting in much larger stains. All stains were highly altered due to wicking of blood. The findings from this paper might help the forensic scientists in understanding wicking in textiles and comparing stains on different textiles to gain a better understanding of bloodstains on textiles. DA - 2021/7// PY - 2021/7// DO - 10.1111/1556-4029.14702 VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - 1246-1256 SN - 1556-4029 KW - bloodstains KW - knit fabrics KW - porcine blood KW - textiles KW - wicking KW - yarns ER - TY - JOUR TI - Root-whisker structured 3D CNTs-CNFs network based on coaxial electrospinning: A free-standing anode in lithium-ion batteries AU - Yu, Hui AU - Chen, Lei AU - Li, Wenxiao AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Liu, Yong AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS AB - A root-whisker structured 3D CNTs-CNFs network was designed to work as a free-standing anode in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nickel catalyst was uniformly dispersed on the surface of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) based on a coaxial electrospun technology followed with a regular carbonization process. After then, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown perpendicular to CNFs surface by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Just as plants rely on strong roots and whiskers to absorb and transport nutrients from the soil, this 3D CNTs-CNFs network enjoys excellent contact with the electrolyte and outstanding capability to capture lithium ions. Moreover, the interlaced nanostructure provides much shorter and faster transport channels for electrons and ions simultaneously. Consequently, our LIBs assembled with this CNTs-CNFs anode represent remarkable cycling stability (545.7 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 100 cycles and 316.8 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 1000 cycles) and excellent rate capacity (306.72 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1). DA - 2021/5/15/ PY - 2021/5/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158481 VL - 863 SP - SN - 1873-4669 KW - Carbon nanotube KW - Root-whisker structured KW - Free-standing anode KW - Coaxial electrospun KW - Lithium-ion batteries ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nondestructive Quantitative Evaluation of Yarns and Fabrics and Determination of Contact Area of Fabrics Using the X-ray Microcomputed Tomography System for Skin-Textile Friction Analysis AU - Baby, Ruksana AU - Mathur, Kavita AU - DenHartog, Emiel T2 - ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces AB - In different mechanical conditions, repetitive friction in combination with pressure, shear, temperature, and moisture leads to skin discomfort and imposes the risks of developing skin injuries such as blisters and pressure ulcers, frequently reported in athletes, military personnel, and in people with compromised skin conditions and/or immobility. Textiles next to skin govern the skin microclimate, have the potential to influence the mechanical contact with skin, and contribute to skin comfort and health. The adhesion–friction theory suggests that contact area is a critical factor to influence adhesion, and therefore, friction force. Friction being a surface phenomenon, most of the studies concentrated on the surface profile or topographic analysis of textiles. This study investigated both the surface profiles and the inner construction of the fabrics through X-ray microcomputed tomographic three-dimensional image analysis. A novel nondestructive method to evaluate yarn and fabric structural details quantitatively and calculate contact area (in fiber area %) experimentally has been reported in this paper. Plain and satin-woven fabrics with different thread densities and made from 100% cotton ring-spun yarns with two different linear densities (40 and 60 Ne) were investigated in this study. The measurements from the tomographic images (pixel size: 1.13 μm) and the fiber area % analysis were in good agreement to comprehend and compare the yarn and fabric properties reported. The fiber area % as reported in this paper can be used to evaluate the skin-textile interfaces and quantitatively determine the contact area under different physical, mechanical, and microclimatic conditions to understand the actual skin-textile interaction during any physical activity or sports. The proposed method can be helpful in engineering textiles to enhance skin comfort and prevent injuries, such as blisters and pressure ulcers, in diversified application areas, including but not limited to, sports and healthcare apparel, military apparel, and firefighter’s protective clothing. In addition, the images were capable of precisely evaluating yarn diameters, crimp %, and packing factor as well as fabric thickness, volumetric densities, and cover factors as compared with those obtained from theoretical evaluation and existing classical test methods. All these findings suggest that the proposed new method can reliably be used to quantify the yarn and fabric characteristics, compare their functionality, and understand the structural impacts in an objective and nondestructive way. DA - 2021/1/11/ PY - 2021/1/11/ DO - 10.1021/acsami.0c18300 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 4652-4664 J2 - ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces LA - en OP - SN - 1944-8244 1944-8252 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c18300 DB - Crossref KW - textile characterization KW - contact area KW - friction KW - comfort KW - skin injury KW - X-ray microcomputed tomography (XRM-CT) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries: Ionic conductivity and chemical interaction enhanced by oxygen vacancy in ceramic nanofibers AU - Yang, Hui AU - Abdullah, Muhammad AU - Bright, Joeseph AU - Hu, Weiguo AU - Kittilstved, Kevin AU - Xu, Yaobin AU - Wang, Chongmin AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Wu, Nianqiang T2 - JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES AB - Perovskite Li3x La2/3−x TiO3 (LLTO) nanofibers have been heat-treated in the hydrogen-containing atmosphere and then incorporated with the poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) polymer to form a composite electrolyte. Hydrogen treatment has created oxygen vacancies in the LLTO nanofibers, which has reduced the activation energy of Li ion transport along intra-grains and inter-grains, leading to an improvement in the ion conductivity of LLTO nanofibers. Hydrogen treatment of the LLTO nanofibers has also enhanced the chemical interaction between the LLTO nanofibers and the polymer matrix in the composite electrolyte, and favored the Li ion transport at the nanofiber/polymer interface, improving the ion conductivity of the composite electrolyte to 3.4 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature. As a result, the Li|composite-electrolyte|Li half-cell exhibits good stability during lithium plating/stripping cycling at room temperature, showing an overpotential of ~91 mV at a constant current density of 0.5 mA/cm2. The full-cell battery with the composite electrolyte, lithium metal anode and lithium iron phosphate cathode shows excellent rate capacity and cycling performance. DA - 2021/5/31/ PY - 2021/5/31/ DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229796 VL - 495 SP - SN - 1873-2755 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229796 KW - Lithium battery KW - Solid-state electrolyte KW - Composite KW - Oxygen vacancy KW - Lithium ion KW - Ion transport ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ammonia Sensing Performance of Polyaniline-Coated Polyamide 6 Nanofibers AU - Pang, Zengyuan AU - Yildirim, Erol AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A. AU - Wei, Qufu T2 - ACS OMEGA AB - To understand the properties of polyaniline (PANI), aim gas, and the interaction between them in PANI-based gas sensors and help us to design sensors with better properties, direct calculations with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were done in this work. Polyamide 6/polyaniline (PA6/PANI) nanofiber ammonia gas sensors were studied as an example here, and the structural, morphological, and ammonia sensing properties (to 50–250 ppm ammonia) of PA6/PANI nanofibers were tested and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and a homemade test system. The PA6/PANI nanofibers were prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline with electrospun PA6 nanofibers as templates and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a doping agent for PANI, and the sensors show rapid response, ideal selectivity, and acceptable repeatability. Then, complementary molecular dynamics simulations were performed to understand how ammonia molecules interact with HCl-doped PANI chains, thus providing insights into the molecular-level details of the ammonia sensing performances of this system. Results of the radial distribution functions and mean square displacement analysis of the MD simulations were consistent with the dedoping mechanism of the PANI chains. DA - 2021/4/6/ PY - 2021/4/6/ DO - 10.1021/acsomega.0c06272 VL - 6 IS - 13 SP - 8950-8957 SN - 2470-1343 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c06272 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of the spin-line temperature profile on the mechanical properties of melt electrospun polyethylene fibers AU - Shabani, Elnaz AU - Gorga, Russell E. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract The covid‐19 pandemic has revealed the need for alternative production approaches with low startup costs like electrospinning for filter needs, the most imperative element of the personal protective equipment (PPE). Current attempts in advancing melt electrospinning deal with developing strategies for fiber diameter attenuation toward sub‐micron scale. Here, the attunement in the spinning‐zone temperature known as ''spin‐line temperature profile'' was utilized as a baseline for fiber diameter reduction. The mechanical performance of the melt‐electrospun linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) fibers is reported to characterize their structural transformation with respect to various spin‐line temperature profiles. With an increase in the spin‐line temperature to above 100°C in the area of cone formation, an increased tensile and yield strength along with fiber diameter reduction by four‐folds was demonstrated. A significant increase in toughness, by almost three times, without compromising the stiffness and Young's modulus was observed. The dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that spinning in high temperatures produces changes in the alpha (α) relaxation, contributing to the significant increase in strain at break. These results are significant because polyolefin fibers are an imperative element of medical textiles and PPE. Therefore, developing a correlation for process‐structure‐properties for emerging production techniques like melt electrospinning becomes critical. DA - 2021/7/20/ PY - 2021/7/20/ DO - 10.1002/app.50668 VL - 138 IS - 28 SP - SN - 1097-4628 KW - electrospinning KW - mechanical properties KW - polyolefins ER - TY - JOUR TI - Design and Characterization of the Surface Porous UHMWPE Composite Reinforced by Graphene Oxide AU - Chen, Xiaohong AU - Zhang, Sheng AU - Zhang, Lin AU - Zhu, Ping AU - Zhang, Gangqiang T2 - POLYMERS AB - The surface porous ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites were successfully fabricated with NaCl and graphene oxide (GO) in the hot-pressing procedure. The GO sheets were evenly dispersed in UHMWPE with the sedimentation method of GO in saturated NaCl. The morphologies, chemical compositions, mechanical, and tribological properties of GO and surface porous GO/NaCl/UHMWPE were investigated. The results show that GO sheet and NaCl could be evenly dispersed in UHMWPE. The regular pores are present on the surface of UHMWPE after NaCl dissolution in distilled water. The wear resistance properties are improved significantly, and the friction properties increased slightly with the addition of GO and NaCl. DA - 2021/2// PY - 2021/2// DO - 10.3390/polym13040482 VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - SN - 2073-4360 KW - surface porous KW - GO nanosheets KW - NaCl pore-forming filler KW - tribology properties KW - UHMWPE composites ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rational design of meso-/micro-pores for enhancing ion transportation in highly-porous carbon nanofibers used as electrode for supercapacitors AU - Ma, Chang AU - Fan, Qingchao AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Subjalearndee, Nakarin AU - Cheng, Hui AU - Li, Junjing AU - Song, Yan AU - Shi, Jingli AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE AB - Carbon nanofiber has been one of the promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. It is desirable but still challenging to optimize meso-/micro-pore ratio and configuration while achieving a high specific surface area in carbon nanofibers. Here, we present the design and preparation of carbon nanofiber mats with both high specific surface area and rational meso-/micropore configuration by electrospinning tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)/phenolic resin (PR)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/F127 blend solution, followed by carbothermal reduction, removal of carbon and chlorination. Silicon carbide nanofibers constructed by regulatable secondary nanostructure were achieved by adjusting TEOS content in the spinning solution, derived from which microporous carbon nanofibers with considerable mesopores (60–70% in mesoporosity), diverse secondary nanostructure (24–44 nm), and high specific surface area (1765–1890 m2 g−1) were prepared. The formation mechanism of the diverse secondary nanostructure in carbon nanofiber was proposed. The carbide-derived carbon nanofibers showed an excellent specific capacitance (316 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and high-rate capability (186 F g−1 at 100 A g−1) due to the enhanced ion transportation, which was achieved by shortening micropore channels and offering convenient mesoporous channel towards microporous domains. DA - 2021/4/15/ PY - 2021/4/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.148933 VL - 545 SP - SN - 1873-5584 KW - Carbon nanofibers KW - Supercapacitors KW - Microporous carbon KW - Carbide-derived carbon KW - Silicon carbide ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of an electrochemically aligned collagen yarn for textile scaffold fabrication AU - Xie, Yu AU - Chen, Jiyang AU - Celik, Hakan AU - Akkus, Ozan AU - King, Martin W. T2 - BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS AB - Abstract Collagen is the major component of the extracellular matrix in human tissues and widely used in the fabrication of tissue engineered scaffolds for medical applications. However, these forms of collagen gels and films have limitations due to their inferior strength and mechanical performance and their relatively fast rate of degradation. A new form of continuous collagen yarn has recently been developed for potential usage in fabricating textile tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, we prepared the continuous electrochemical aligned collagen yarns from acid-soluble collagen that was extracted from rat tail tendons (RTTs) using 0.25 M acetic acid. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the major component of the extracted collagen contained alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains and the triple helix structure of Type 1 collagen. The collagen solution was processed to monofilament yarns in continuous lengths by using a rotating electrode electrochemical compaction device. Exposing the non-crosslinked collagen yarns and the collagen yarns crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(-3-dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride to normal physiological hydrolytic degradation conditions showed that both yarns were able to maintain their tensile strength during the first 6 weeks of the study. Cardiosphere-derived cells showed significantly enhanced attachment and proliferation on the collagen yarns compared to synthetic polylactic acid filaments. Moreover, the cells were fully spread and covered the surface of the collagen yarns, which confirmed the superiority of collagen in terms of promoting cellular adhesion. The results of this work indicated that the aligned RTT collagen yarns are favorable for fabricating biotextile scaffolds and are encouraging for further studies of various textile structure for different tissue engineering applications. DA - 2021/3/1/ PY - 2021/3/1/ DO - 10.1088/1748-605X/abdf9e VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - SN - 1748-605X KW - collagen yarn KW - mechanical performance KW - biotextile scaffold fabrication KW - tissue engineering KW - cardiosphere-derived cells ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biosynthesis and characterization of deuterated chitosan in filamentous fungus and yeast AU - Yuan, Yue AU - Li, Hui AU - Leite, Wellington AU - Zhang, Qiu AU - Bonnesen, Peter V AU - Labbe, Jessy L. AU - Weiss, Kevin L. AU - Pingali, Sai Venkatesh AU - Hong, Kunlun AU - Urban, Volker S. AU - Salmon, Sonja AU - O'Neill, Hugh T2 - CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS AB - Deuterated chitosan was produced from the filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae, cultivated with deuterated glucose in H2O medium, without the need for conventional chemical deacetylation. After extraction and purification, the chemical composition and structure were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). 13C NMR experiments provided additional information about the position of the deuterons in the glucoseamine backbone. The NMR spectra indicated that the deuterium incorporation at the non-exchangeable hydrogen positions of the aminoglucopyranosyl ring in the C3 – C5 positions was at least 60–80 %. However, the C2 position was deuterated at a much lower level (6%). Also, SANS showed that the structure of deuterated chitosan was very similar compared to the non-deuterated counterpart. The most abundant radii of the protiated and deuterated chitosan fibers were 54 Å and 60 Å, respectively, but there is a broader distribution of fiber radii in the protiated chitosan sample. The highly deuterated, soluble fungal chitosan described here can be used as a model material for studying chitosan-enzyme complexes for future neutron scattering studies. Because the physical behavior of non-deuterated fungal chitosan mimicked that of shrimp shell chitosan, the methods presented here represent a new approach to producing a high quality deuterated non-animal-derived aminopolysaccharide for studying the structure-function association of biocomposite materials in drug delivery, tissue engineering and other bioactive chitosan-based composites. DA - 2021/4/1/ PY - 2021/4/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117637 VL - 257 SP - SN - 1879-1344 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/34591276/ KW - Microbial chitosan KW - Biodeuteration KW - Enzyme entrapment KW - NMR KW - Neutron scattering ER - TY - JOUR TI - Two-dimensional MXene-based flexible nanostructures for functional nanodevices: a review AU - Hasan, Md. Mehdi AU - Hossain, Md. Milon AU - Chowdhury, Hussain Kawsar T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A AB - MXene contain over 30 members with different compositions and endow nanostructures with EMI shielding capability, high sensitivity to different stimuli, superior electrothermal property, and can be utilized for energy harvesting and storage. DA - 2021/2/14/ PY - 2021/2/14/ DO - 10.1039/d0ta11103a VL - 9 IS - 6 SP - 3231-3269 SN - 2050-7496 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Photodynamic Coatings on Polymer Microfibers for Pathogen Inactivation: Effects of Application Method and Composition AU - Peddinti, Bharadwaja S. T. AU - Morales-Gagnon, Nicolas AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Scholle, Frank AU - Spontak, Richard J. AU - Ghiladi, Reza A. T2 - ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES AB - A substantial increase in the risk of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) has greatly impacted the global healthcare industry. Harmful pathogens adhere to a variety of surfaces and infect personnel on contact, thereby promoting transmission to new hosts. This is particularly worrisome in the case of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, which constitute a growing threat to human health worldwide and require new preventative routes of disinfection. In this study, we have incorporated different loading levels of a porphyrin photosensitizer capable of generating reactive singlet oxygen in the presence of O2 and visible light in a water-soluble, photo-cross-linkable polymer coating, which was subsequently deposited on polymer microfibers. Two different application methods are considered, and the morphological and chemical characteristics of these coated fibers are analyzed to detect the presence of the coating and photosensitizer. To discern the efficacy of the fibers against pathogenic bacteria, photodynamic inactivation has been performed on two different bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli, with population reductions of >99.9999 and 99.6%, respectively, after exposure to visible light for 1 h. In response to the current COVID-19 pandemic, we also confirm that these coated fibers can inactivate a human common cold coronavirus serving as a surrogate for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. DA - 2021/1/13/ PY - 2021/1/13/ DO - 10.1021/acsami.0c16953 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 155-163 SN - 1944-8252 KW - hospital-acquired infections KW - photodynamic coatings KW - porphyrin photosensitizer KW - SARS-CoV-2 virus KW - polymer microfibers ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of luminance on the perception of small color differences AU - Kulappurath, Sajeesh K. AU - Shamey, Renzo T2 - COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION AB - Abstract The objectives of this study were two‐fold; to determine how variations in practical illuminance range (from ~300 to ~2300 lx) affect the perception of suprathreshold small color differences for a range of object stimuli across the color space, and to investigate the role of variations in luminance on intra‐ and inter‐observer variability in repeated psychophysical trials. STRESS index and conventional statistical methods suggest the presence of a significant difference between visual responses for large changes in luminance. Inter‐ and intra‐observer variability also varied according to luminance. Calculated color differences based on recent CAM models show good agreement with visual results over the luminance range examined. DA - 2021/10// PY - 2021/10// DO - 10.1002/col.22637 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 929-942 SN - 1520-6378 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22637 KW - color and visual optics KW - color difference KW - luminance KW - observer variability KW - viewing booths KW - vision ER - TY - JOUR TI - Separation and identification of commercial reactive dyes with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry AU - Liu, Yixin AU - Sui, Xinyi AU - Terán, Julio E. AU - Chapman, Lisa P. AU - Ankeny, Mary AU - Vinueza, Nelson R. T2 - Coloration Technology AB - Abstract The separation and identification of colourants from aqueous matrices could potentially benefit the coloration industry. In this work, we report a new method that combines hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for reactive dye separation and identification without employing ion‐pairing agents. The conditions outlined allowed the successful separation of a mixture of four commercial reactive dyes in an aqueous solution, which consisted of CI Reactive Black 5, CI Reactive Orange 35, CI Reactive Blue 49 and CI Reactive Red 31. To further demonstrate the feasibility of this new method, we conducted deeper research into the analysis of CI Reactive Red 31 and its hydrolysis products. Based on the high efficiency of HILIC for polar compounds, and its combination with HRMS, we were able to identify several isomers of CI Reactive Red 31 and its derivatives, which were further characterised by tandem mass spectrometry. This method could potentially benefit chemical evaluations in dye applications, including synthetic processes, because it provides reliable results and simplified operation conditions compared with common traditional high‐performance liquid chromatography methods. DA - 2021/3/8/ PY - 2021/3/8/ DO - 10.1111/cote.12539 VL - 137 IS - 4 SP - 407-417 J2 - Coloration Technology LA - en OP - SN - 1472-3581 1478-4408 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cote.12539 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabrication, structure and supercapacitance of flexible porous carbon nanobelt webs with enhanced inter-fiber connection AU - Ma, Chang AU - Cao, Erchuang AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Subjalearndee, Nakarin AU - Cheng, Hui AU - Li, Junjing AU - Song, Yan AU - Shi, Jingli AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE AB - Flexible carbon nanobelt webs (CNBWs) with a hierarchical porous structure, considerable N- and/or O-containing surface functionalities were fabricated by electrospinning of phenolic resin/PVP/magnesium nitrate (MNH) solution, followed by curing, thermal treatment and picking. The effect of spinning humidity on the morphology of cured fibers was investigated. The results showed that low humidity was required for successful spinning and collection of the nanobelts. The addition of MNH played a crucial role in inhibiting inter-nanobelt adhesions and warping of nanobelts during thermal treatment and producing hierarchical porous structure. The increase in MNH content resulted in an enhancement in the specific surface area (SSA), micropore volume, and mesoporosity of the CNBWs. The achieved CNBWs displayed the maximum SSA of 779 m2 g−1 and a mesoporosity of 82%. The reduction in the number of warping endowed the CNBWs with face-to-face inter-nanobelt connection, then brought about a significant enhancement in conductivity and packing density of the CNBWs, which ultimately improved the rate performance and volumetric capacitance. The work proposed a feasible route for improving the conductivity and volumetric capacity of electrospun carbon nanofiber webs as the electrode for supercapacitors or batteries. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// DO - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148783 VL - 543 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biocatalytic Yarn for Peroxide Decomposition with Controlled Liquid Transport AU - Yuan, Yue AU - Zhang, Yuxuan AU - Bilheux, Hassina AU - Salmon, Sonja T2 - ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES AB - Abstract A robust biocatalytic yarn with controllable liquid transport properties is created by coating thin layers of chitosan containing catalase onto a cellulosic yarn. The resulting material integrates enzyme catalytic functionality with protective coating properties of chitosan and structural functionality of the textile. Mild immobilization conditions and good affinity between the two polysaccharides minimize enzyme inactivation during the preparation steps and prevent enzyme from leaching during peroxide decomposition testing and washing, providing a novel and versatile enzyme immobilization strategy. The catalytic efficiency of enzymes in a reaction containing solid, liquid, and gas phases is facilitated when dissolved enzyme substrate is transported by liquid flowing through the coated textile structure. The flow‐through configuration decomposes at least two times more peroxide in a twenty‐times smaller reaction zone volume compared to a stirred tank configuration. Liquid transport through the yarn and liquid spatial distribution within the yarn are investigated by in situ neutron radiography and neutron computed tomography, revealing a constrained wicking mechanism that benefits biocatalytic yarn performance. This new class of sustainable and flexible biocatalytic textile matrices has beneficial multifunctional properties, not previously described, that are applicable for numerous small‐ and large‐scale applications including controlled flow reactors and reactive filtration. DA - 2021/4// PY - 2021/4// DO - 10.1002/admi.202002104 VL - 8 IS - 7 SP - SN - 2196-7350 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/41826322/ KW - biocatalytic yarn KW - constrained liquid transport KW - enzyme immobilization KW - flexible flow‐ KW - through reactors KW - textile ER - TY - JOUR TI - Strengthening Regenerated Cellulose Fibers Sourced from Recycled Cotton T-Shirt Using Glucaric Acid for Antiplasticization AU - Biswas, Manik Chandra AU - Dwyer, Ryan AU - Jimenez, Javier AU - Su, Hsun-Cheng AU - Ford, Ericka T2 - Polysaccharides AB - The recycling of cellulose from cotton textiles would minimize the use of virgin crop fibers, but recycled polymers are generally inferior in mechanical performance to those made from virgin resins. This challenge prompted the investigation of biobased additives that were capable of improving the mechanical properties of fibers by means of antiplasticizing additives. In this study, regenerated cellulose (RC) fibers were spun from cellulose found in cotton T-shirts, and fibers were mechanically strengthened with glucaric acid (GA), a nontoxic product of fermentation. The recycled pulp was activated using aqueous sodium hydroxide and then followed by acid neutralization, prior to the direct dissolution in lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) at 3 wt.% cellulose. At 10% (w/w) GA, the tensile modulus and strength of regenerated cellulose from recycled cotton fibers increased five-fold in contrast to neat fibers without GA. The highest modulus and tenacity values of 664 cN/dtex and of 9.7 cN/dtex were reported for RC fibers containing GA. DA - 2021/3/4/ PY - 2021/3/4/ DO - 10.3390/polysaccharides2010010 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides2010010 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 4D Printing of Shape Memory Materials for Textiles: Mechanism, Mathematical Modeling, and Challenges AU - Biswas, Manik Chandra AU - Chakraborty, Samit AU - Bhattacharjee, Abhishek AU - Mohammed, Zaheeruddin T2 - ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS AB - Abstract Shape memory materials (SMMs) in 3D printing (3DP) technology garnered much attention due to their ability to respond to external stimuli, which direct this technology toward an emerging area of research, “4D printing (4DP) technology.” In contrast to classical 3D printed objects, the fourth dimension, time, allows printed objects to undergo significant changes in shape, size, or color when subjected to external stimuli. Highly precise and calibrated 4D materials, which can perform together to achieve robust 4D objects, are in great demand in various fields such as military applications, space suits, robotic systems, apparel, healthcare, sports, etc. This review, for the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, focuses on recent advances in SMMs (e.g., polymers, metals, etc.) based wearable smart textiles and fashion goods. This review integrates the basic overview of 3DP technology, fabrication methods, the transition of 3DP to 4DP, the chemistry behind the fundamental working principles of 4D printed objects, materials selection for smart textiles and fashion goods. The central part summarizes the effect of major external stimuli on 4D textile materials followed by the major applications. Lastly, prospects and challenges are discussed, so that future researchers can continue the progress of this technology. DA - 2021/5// PY - 2021/5// DO - 10.1002/adfm.202100257 VL - 31 IS - 19 SP - SN - 1616-3028 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202100257 KW - 4D printing KW - challenges and opportunities KW - mechanism KW - shape memory materials and shape memory polymers KW - smart textiles and fashion ER - TY - JOUR TI - Textile-Based Pressure Sensors for Monitoring Prosthetic-Socket Interfaces AU - Tabor, Jordan AU - Agcayazi, Talha AU - Fleming, Aaron AU - Thompson, Brendan AU - Kapoor, Ashish AU - Liu, Ming AU - Lee, Michael Y. AU - Huang, He AU - Bozkurt, Alper AU - Ghosh, Tushar K. T2 - IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL AB - Amputees are prone to experiencing discomfort when wearing their prosthetic devices. As the amputee population grows this becomes a more prevalent and pressing concern. There is a need for new prosthetic technologies to construct more comfortable and well-fitted liners and sockets. One of the well-recognized impediments to the development of new prosthetic technology is the lack of practical inner socket sensors to monitor the inner socket environment (ISE), or the region between the residual limb and the socket. Here we present a capacitive pressure sensor fabricated through a simple, and scalable sewing process using commercially available conductive yarns and textile materials. This fully-textile sensor provides a soft, flexible, and comfortable sensing system for monitoring the ISE. We provide details of our low-power sensor system capable of high-speed data collection from up to four sensor arrays. Additionally, we demonstrate two custom set-ups to test and validate the textile-based sensors in a simulated prosthetic environment. Finally, we utilize the textile-based sensors to study the ISE of a bilateral transtibial amputee. Results indicate that the textile-based sensors provide a promising potential for seamlessly monitoring the ISE. DA - 2021/4/1/ PY - 2021/4/1/ DO - 10.1109/JSEN.2021.3053434 VL - 21 IS - 7 SP - 9413-9422 SN - 1558-1748 UR - https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2021.3053434 KW - Sensors KW - Sensor arrays KW - Sensor systems KW - Sockets KW - Monitoring KW - Data collection KW - Capacitive sensors KW - Pressure sensors KW - capacitive sensors KW - sensor arrays KW - body system networks KW - sensor systems and applications KW - textiles KW - wearable sensors KW - flexible electronics KW - prosthetics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of the Spin-Line Temperature Profile on the Translocation of the Solidification Point and Jet Thinning in Unconfined Melt Electrospinning AU - Shabani, Elnaz AU - Yancheshme, Amir Azimi AU - Ronen, Avner AU - Gorga, Russell E. T2 - ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS AB - This work aims to provide effective strategies and practical tools to control the diameter of fibers, a long-lasting challenge in the application of free surface melt electrospinning, mainly by highlighting the importance of the solidification point. A systematic approach to mapping the solidification point and temperature profile in an electrohydrodynamic jet in the melt electrospinning process was developed experimentally through the backlit imaging technique and numerically through computational fluid dynamics. The effect of the different spin-line temperature profiles on the robustness of the process as well as the fiber morphology was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that at high spin-line temperature profiles, the fiber diameter dropped by four times compared to the room temperature spin-line environment. Both in situ backlit images from the jets in the spin line and the numerical phase fraction analysis revealed an immediate solidification of the jet, which is elongated twice in the case of the high spin-line temperature profiles. The elongated freezing length for the high spin-line temperature profiles as a result of the delayed solidification was identified as one of the main factors contributing to the jet thinning and subsequent fiber diameter reduction. Based on the simulation, the temperature profile of the jet demonstrated an approximately 20 °C drop along the jet length in the nonsolidified portion (freezing length), proposing the viscosity drop as a second factor in the fiber diameter reduction mechanism. Ultimately, the molten film thickness on the plate was identified as a semiphysical confinement parameter, controlling the size of the formed cones and subsequently the fiber diameter, despite the free surface nature of the unconfined melt electrospinning. DA - 2021/1/8/ PY - 2021/1/8/ DO - 10.1021/acsapm.0c01082 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 268-278 SN - 2637-6105 KW - unconfined melt electrospinning KW - solidification point KW - spin-line temperature profile KW - electrohydrodynamic jet KW - computational fluid dynamics ER - TY - JOUR TI - A fungal-based anthraquinone emodin for polylactide and polyethylene terephthalate in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) dyeing AU - Raisanen, Riikka AU - Montero, Gerardo A. AU - Freeman, Harold S. T2 - COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION AB - Abstract Bio‐based materials and new dyeing technologies have gained growing interest, as companies actively want to enhance their products sustainability and remove environmental and hazardous pollutants. This article describes for the first time waterless dyeing studies using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO 2 ) and a natural anthraquinone dye emodin for polylactide (PLA) and polyester (PET) fabric colouration. The colour of the dyed materials was measured as CIELab values, and the K / S (λ max,abs ) value was reported. Colour fastness to rubbing and light was studied according to the relevant ISO standards. The results show that the small size and hydrophobic nature of the anthraquinone dye resulted in a uniform dyeing on PLA and PET fabrics with SC‐CO 2 dyeing medium. The excellent rubbing fastness, and microscopic evaluation revealed that the dye had penetrated into the fiber structure completely. Also the light fastness properties were exceptionally high for natural dyes. Increased usage of biodegradable and recycled materials in textiles would benefit from biocolourants which are stable under end‐use conditions, produce bright colours and have acceptable tinctorial strength. DA - 2021/6// PY - 2021/6// DO - 10.1002/col.22627 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 674-680 SN - 1520-6378 KW - anthraquinone KW - biocolourant KW - polyester PET KW - polylactide PLA KW - supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing ER - TY - JOUR TI - New Mosquitocide Derived From Volcanic Rock AU - Deguenon, Jean M. AU - Riegel, Claudia AU - Cloherty-Duvernay, Erin R. AU - Chen, Kaiying AU - Stewart, David A. AU - Wang, Bo AU - Gittins, David AU - Tihomirov, Larissa AU - Apperson, Charles S. AU - McCord, Marian G. AU - Roe, R. Michael T2 - JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Abstract Malaria, dengue, yellow fever, and the Zika and West Nile Viruses are major vector-borne diseases of humans transmitted by mosquitoes. According to the World Health Organization, over 80% of the world’s population is at risk of contacting these diseases. Insecticides are critical for mosquito control and disease prevention, and insect insecticide resistance is on the increase; new alternatives with potentially different modes of action from current chemistry are needed. During laboratory screening of industrial minerals for insecticide activity against Anopheles gambiae (Giles) (Diptera: Culicidae) we discovered a novel mechanical insecticide derived from volcanic rock (MIVR) with potential use as a residual spray. In modified WHO cone tests, the time to 50% mortality was 5 h under high-humidity conditions. MIVR treated surfaces demonstrated no mosquito repellency. In field studies where the mechanical insecticide was applied to wood using standard spray equipment and then placed under stilt homes in New Orleans, LA, the residual activity was &gt;80% after 9 wk against Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) (with similar efficacy to a positive chemical insecticide control). In scanning electron microcopy studies, the MIVR was transferred as particles mostly to the legs of the mosquito. This wettable powder made from volcanic rock is a mechanical insecticide representing a potential new mode of action different from current chemistry for mosquito control and is in commercial development under the trade name Imergard™WP as an indoor and outdoor residual spray. DA - 2021/1// PY - 2021/1// DO - 10.1093/jme/tjaa141 VL - 58 IS - 1 SP - 458-464 SN - 1938-2928 KW - Imergard (TM) WP KW - mechanical insecticide KW - mosquito-borne disease KW - mosquitoes KW - residual spray ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploring secondary interactions and the role of temperature in moisture-contaminated polymer networks through molecular simulations AU - Guha, Rishabh D. AU - Idolor, Ogheneovo AU - Berkowitz, Katherine AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa AU - Grace, Landon R. T2 - SOFT MATTER AB - We investigated the effect of temperature variation on the secondary bonding interactions between absorbed moisture and epoxies with different morphologies using molecular dynamics simulations. DA - 2021/3/14/ PY - 2021/3/14/ DO - 10.1039/D0SM02009E VL - 17 IS - 10 SP - 2942-2956 SN - 1744-6848 UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SM02009E ER - TY - JOUR TI - Facile and low-cost synthesis of a novel dopant-free hole transporting material that rivals Spiro-OMeTAD for high efficiency perovskite solar cells AU - Abdellah, Islam M. AU - Chowdhury, Towhid H. AU - Lee, Jae-Joon AU - Islam, Ashraful AU - Nazeeruddin, Mohamad K. AU - Graetzel, Michael AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed T2 - SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS AB - A Spiro fluorene-based dopant-free hole-transporting material named Spiro-IA has been designed and developed as an alternative to commercial Spiro-OMeTAD for more effective perovskite solar cells (PSCs). DA - 2021/1/7/ PY - 2021/1/7/ DO - 10.1039/d0se01323d VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 199-211 SN - 2398-4902 UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SE01323D ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fundamental study of porcine drip bloodstains on fabrics: Blood droplet impact and wicking dynamics AU - Wang, Fujun AU - Gallardo, Vanessa AU - Michielsen, Stephen AU - Fang, Tiegang T2 - FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL AB - The underlying physics in bloodstain formation on fabrics is not well understood, despite its importance in bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA). This paper presents a fundamental study of the formation of drip bloodstains on fabrics, by focusing on blood droplet impact and wicking dynamics. The bloodstains were created on plain woven fabric by the perpendicular impact of a single blood drop with seven different impact velocities. The whole droplet impact and wicking processes were captured by multiple cameras. Fabric properties were characterized in detail at different levels. The bloodstain formation process was classified into distinct stages, including the inertial impact, initial absorption, first wicking and second wicking stages. The subsequent wicking process greatly alters the impact-induced bloodstains, in terms of bloodstain area. The dimensionless impact-induced stain factor (βi,e) is strongly dependent on the impact velocity while the final stain factor (βf,e) after the second wicking stage is not. The contribution of the subsequent wicking in altering the stain factor (or stain area) is quantified and found to decrease with increasing impact velocity. The blood wicking dynamics on the fabric in the majority of the first wicking stage can be well described by a simple scaling: (βe-βi,e)/βi,e=C[t-ti/ti]1/2, where ti marks the end of the inertial impact stage. The wicking coefficient C, which represents the influence of droplet impact on the subsequent droplet wicking, is found to scale as C∼We-0.34. In the end, brief comments are provided regarding (1) the influence of the evaporation on the blood drop post-impact wicking dynamics and (2) the shape of bloodstains formed on fabrics, with a few suggested research directions for future work. DA - 2021/1// PY - 2021/1// DO - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110614 VL - 318 SP - SN - 1872-6283 KW - Bloodstain pattern analysis KW - Textile KW - Droplet impact KW - Droplet wicking KW - Fluid dynamics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabrication of Poly(lactic acid) filter media via the meltblowing process and their filtration performances: A comparative study with polypropylene meltblown AU - Jafari, Mehran AU - Shim, Eunkyoung AU - Joijode, Abhay T2 - SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY AB - Poly(Lactic acid) (PLA) is considered as a promising alternative for petroleum-based synthetic plastic under the rising concerns over the environmental sustainability of polypropylene (PP) filter materials. To adapt PLA for the meltblown filter media production, it is necessary to establish how PLA polymer properties affect the meltblown process, media structure and filtration performance. We investigated the processability and effects of processing parameters on PLA meltblown structures and filtration performances in an industrially relevant setting by utilizing a commercially available low molecular weight PLA resin and a Reicofil meltblowing production line. We were able to fabricate PLA meltblown media comparable with PP meltblown media both in structures and filtration performances. Increasing airflow rate and decrease throughput reduced fiber diameter of PLA meltblown, but at the given processing condition, PLA meltblown tends to have larger fiber diameters than PP meltblown. However, larger diameter did not deteriorate the filtration efficiency of PLA meltblown. Interestingly, the filtration efficiency of PLA meltblown is higher than those of PP meltblown with similar fiber diameters. We also found the solidity of PLA meltblown lower than that of PP meltblown. This further improved filtration performance by improving air permeability. The quality factors of PLA meltblowns were more than double of PP meltblowns’ quality factors when fiber sizes are similar. PLA also exhibited comparable chargeability and charge stability with PP when corona charged. DA - 2021/4/1/ PY - 2021/4/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118185 VL - 260 SP - SN - 1873-3794 KW - Poly(Lactic) acid (PLA) KW - Meltblowing KW - Filtration KW - Electrostatic charge ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dual-Responsive Microgels for Structural Repair and Recovery of Nonwoven Membranes for Liquid Filtration AU - Ramesh, Srivatsan AU - Davis, Jack AU - Roros, Alexandra AU - Eiben, Justin AU - Fabiani, Thomas AU - Smith, Ryan AU - Reynolds, Lewis AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Khan, Saad AU - Genzer, Jan AU - Menegatti, Stefano T2 - ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS AB - This study presents dual-responsive colloidal microgels to repair nonwoven fiber mats (NWFs) and recover their native morphological and functional properties. The formulation comprises poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNIPAm-co-AA) microgels loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles acting as magneto-responsive “bricks” and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-4-benzoylphenyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm-co-BPAm) serving as photo-cross-linkable “mortar”. The formulation is employed to repair small tears in meltblown polypropylene (PP) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) NWFs and recover the functional properties of the native membranes. Specifically, magnetically directed and UV-light-triggered repair recovers (i) the topological integrity, as shown by optical microscopy and image analysis of PP and PBT NWFs, (ii) the mechanical properties, as demonstrated by the values of tensile modulus of native, damaged, and repaired PP NWFs, and (iii) the permeability to sodium chloride of both PP and PBT NWFs. A comparative study of repair using magneto-responsive and photo-cross-linkable vs photo-cross-linkable-only formulations demonstrate that magnetic localization is vital to ensure rapid, spatially accurate, and effective recovery of the morphological and functional properties of damaged NWFs. DA - 2021/3/12/ PY - 2021/3/12/ DO - 10.1021/acsapm.0c01360 VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 1508-1517 SN - 2637-6105 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c01360 KW - stimuli-responsive KW - microgels KW - nonwovens KW - permeability KW - healing KW - fabric repair ER - TY - JOUR TI - A liquid metal assisted dendrite-free anode for high-performance Zn-ion batteries AU - Jia, Hao AU - Wang, Ziqi AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Qiu, Sheng AU - Chan, Cheuk Ying AU - Fu, Shaohai AU - Fei, Bin AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A AB - A self-healing zinc anode is achieved by introducing a liquid Ga–In–Zn alloy as a protective layer on zinc foil. The high fluidity and deformability of the liquid alloy ensure an ultralong cycling life by enabling dendrite-free Zn deposition. DA - 2021/3/7/ PY - 2021/3/7/ DO - 10.1039/D0TA11828A VL - 9 IS - 9 SP - 5597-5605 SN - 2050-7496 UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA11828A ER - TY - JOUR TI - ZnO-assisted synthesis of lignin-based ultra-fine microporous carbon nanofibers for supercapacitors AU - Ma, Chang AU - Wu, Liqiang AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Cheng, Hui AU - Li, Junjing AU - Song, Yan AU - Shi, Jingli AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE AB - Reducing the material size could be an effective approach to enhance the electrochemical performance of porous carbons for supercapacitors. In this work, ultra-fine porous carbon nanofibers are prepared by electrospinning using lignin/ polyvinylpyrrolidone as carbon precursor and zinc nitrate hexahydrate (ZNH) as an additive, followed by pre-oxidation, carbonization, and pickling processes. Assisted by the ZnO template, the pyrolytic product of ZNH, abundant micropores are yielded, leading to the formation of microporous carbon nanofibers with specific surface area (SSA) up to 1363 m2 g−1. The average diameter of the lignin-based ultra-fine porous carbon nanofibers (LUPCFs) is effectively controlled from 209 to 83 nm through adjusting the ZNH content. With good flexibility and self-standing nature, the LUPCFs could be directly cut into electrodes for use in supercapacitors. High accessible surface, enriched surface N/O groups, and reduced fiber diameters endow the LUPCFs-based electrodes with an excellent specific capacitance of 289 F g−1. The reduction of fiber diameters remarkably improves the rate performance of the LUPCFs and leads to a low relaxation time constant of 0.37 s. The high specific capacitance of 162 F g−1 is maintained when the current density is increased from 0.1 to 20 A g−1. Besides, the fabricated LUPCFs show exceptional cycling stability in symmetrical supercapacitors, manifesting a promising application prospect in the next generation of supercapacitors. DA - 2021/3/15/ PY - 2021/3/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.105 VL - 586 SP - 412-422 SN - 1095-7103 KW - Lignin KW - Ultra-fine KW - Carbon nanofibers KW - Supercapacitors KW - Microporous carbons ER - TY - JOUR TI - Azurite blue in the Qing dynasty AU - Wang, Ran AU - Wang, Minghui AU - Shamey, Renzo T2 - COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION AB - Abstract Azurite blue ( shi qin , 石青) was one of the most important colors in the Qing (清) dynasty; however, most people, even those familiar with color description, may find it difficult to describe its exact appearance. To determine and offer a more precise description of azurite blue, nine formal items of clothing, including three ceremonial robes of emperors and their wives, and six court robes from the Qing dynasty were examined using the Natural Color System (NCS) classification and the colors were labeled based on the NCS system. Assessments indicate that while azurite blue in different garments varies on a narrow scale, the colors of the royal robes range from S8010‐R60B to S8505‐R50B, and a color ranging between two NCS notations S8505‐R80B to S8010‐R65B represent those of the officers. DA - 2021/8// PY - 2021/8// DO - 10.1002/col.22623 VL - 46 IS - 4 SP - 848-855 SN - 1520-6378 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22623 KW - azurite blue KW - ceremonial robe KW - Chinese historical colors KW - court robes KW - Natural Color System KW - Qing (sic) dynasty ER - TY - JOUR TI - Harnessing nanotechnology to expand the toolbox of chemical biology AU - Williams, Ryan M. AU - Chen, Shi AU - Langenbacher, Rachel E. AU - Galassi, Thomas V. AU - Harvey, Jackson D. AU - Jena, Prakrit V. AU - Budhathoki-Uprety, Januka AU - Luo, Minkui AU - Heller, Daniel A. T2 - NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY AB - Although nanotechnology often addresses biomedical needs, nanoscale tools can also facilitate broad biological discovery. Nanoscale delivery, imaging, biosensing, and bioreactor technologies may address unmet questions at the interface between chemistry and biology. Currently, many chemical biologists do not include nanomaterials in their toolbox, and few investigators develop nanomaterials in the context of chemical tools to answer biological questions. We reason that the two fields are ripe with opportunity for greater synergy. Nanotechnologies can expand the utility of chemical tools in the hands of chemical biologists, for example, through controlled delivery of reactive and/or toxic compounds or signal-binding events of small molecules in living systems. Conversely, chemical biologists can work with nanotechnologists to address challenging biological questions that are inaccessible to both communities. This Perspective aims to introduce the chemical biology community to nanotechnologies that may expand their methodologies while inspiring nanotechnologists to address questions relevant to chemical biology. DA - 2021/2// PY - 2021/2// DO - 10.1038/s41589-020-00690-6 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 129-137 SN - 1552-4469 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-020-00690-6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Kinetically controlled selective synthesis of Cu2O and CuO nanoparticles toward enhanced degradation of methylene blue using ultraviolet and sun light AU - Akter, Jeasmin AU - Sapkota, Kamal Prasad AU - Abu Hanif, Md. AU - Islam, Md. Akherul AU - Abbas, Hafiz Ghulam AU - Hahn, Jae Ryang T2 - MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING AB - Two different stable forms of copper oxide (Cu2O and CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) were selectively synthesized through a smart approach using the same precursor but different reagent amounts. The fabrication strategy is cost-effective and relatively easy. The bandgap energies of the as-synthesized Cu2O- and CuO-NPs, as determined from Tauc plots, are 2.08 and 1.82 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of these NPs was assessed through their use in the photodegradation of an organic-dye water contaminant under UV and solar-light illumination. Methylene blue (MB) was chosen as a representative dye because of its ubiquitous presence in industrial wastewater and its hazardous effects on human health. The results of experiments involving the photodegradation of MB by the synthesized Cu2O- and CuO-NPs revealed 97% and 81% photodecomposition efficiencies, respectively, during 60 min of UV-light illumination. When sunlight was used as a light source, and the duration was extended to 120 min, the photodecomposition efficiencies were 70% and 63% for the Cu2O- and CuO-NP photocatalysts, respectively. The efficient degradation of MB solution by the as-prepared NPs implies that they are potentially potent photocatalysts for the treatment of wastewater originating from industrial and domestic sources. DA - 2021/3/1/ PY - 2021/3/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.mssp.2020.105570 VL - 123 SP - SN - 1873-4081 KW - Copper oxide nanoparticles KW - Photocatalytic activity KW - Organic pollutants KW - Wastewater KW - Ultraviolet light KW - Solar light ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification and quantification of CI Reactive Blue 19 dye degradation product in soil AU - Feng, Chengcheng AU - Sui, Xinyi AU - Ankeny, Mary Ann AU - Vinueza, Nelson R. T2 - COLORATION TECHNOLOGY AB - Abstract Landfills are becoming the most common way to dispose textiles. The presence of different types of dyes and finishes on textiles fabrics can become an important source of pollution during the degradation process, due to the fact that these chemicals can leach to the soil. The biodegradation of dyes from dyed fabrics is not fully understood, and what can leach into the soil can be more toxic. In this study, cotton fabrics were dyed with CI Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) and biodegraded in soil in a laboratory‐controlled environment for a 90‐day time interval by using the ASTM D 5988‐18 method. A modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction method, in combination with liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analysis, was applied to soil containing RB19 after the degradation process. An unknown degradation product, with a mass‐to‐charge ratio ( m / z ) of 393, found in the soil was characterised and confirmed, via high‐resolution MS and tandem MS, to be CI Acid Blue 25 (AB25). To quantify the confirmed unknown product extracted from the degraded soil sample, a quantitation method was developed using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector‐mass spectrometry (HPLC‐DAD‐MS). The quantitation method provided excellent linearity ( R 2 = 0.9990 ± 0.0006), accuracy (mean percentage error = 5.17 ± 1.88), precision (mean percentage coefficient of variation = 4.73 ± 4.16), and sensitivity (lower limit of quantitation = 1.29 ± 0.47 µg/mL) for nine concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 40 µg/mL. DA - 2021/6// PY - 2021/6// DO - 10.1111/cote.12527 VL - 137 IS - 3 SP - 251-258 SN - 1478-4408 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12527 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Self-Powered Cardiac Monitoring: Maintaining Vigilance With Multi-Modal Harvesting and E-Textiles AU - Ruiz, Luis Javier Lopez AU - Ridder, Matthew AU - Fan, Dawei AU - Gong, Jiaqi AU - Li, Braden Max AU - Mills, Amanda C. AU - Cobarrubias, Elizabeth AU - Strohmaier, Jason AU - Jur, Jesse S. AU - Lach, John T2 - IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL AB - Remote patient monitoring has emerged from the intersection of engineering and medicine. Advances in sensors, circuits and systems have made possible the implementation of small, wearable devices capable of collecting and streaming data for long periods of time to help physicians track diseases and detect conditions in a non-intrusive manner. Cardiac monitoring comprises many of these applications, with the need to capture transient cardiac events motivating the adoption of wearable monitors in standard clinical practice. However, user burden and battery life limit the duration of monitoring or require heavy duty cycling, thus preventing the adoption of these technologies for use cases that require long-term vigilant monitoring, in which the sensor system cannot miss a critical cardiac event. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a self-powered system for uninterrupted vigilant cardiac and activity monitoring that senses and streams electrocardiogram (ECG) and motion data continuously to a smartphone while consuming only 683~μW on average. To achieve self-powered operation under environmental and wearability constraints, the system incorporates an energy combining technique to support multi-modal energy harvesting from indoor solar and thermoelectric energy. A custom ECG shirt made of a knitted compression fabric with embedded dry electrodes addresses issues of user comfort, skin irritation and motion artifacts. Vigilant Atrial Fibrillation (AF) monitoring is used as an example case study, analyzing sampling frequency and bit-depth quantization and their correlation to vigilant, self-powered operation. The integrated system demonstrates an important step forward for remote patient monitoring beyond the clinic. DA - 2021/1/15/ PY - 2021/1/15/ DO - 10.1109/JSEN.2020.3017706 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 2263-2276 SN - 1558-1748 KW - Monitoring KW - Biomedical monitoring KW - Sensor systems KW - Energy harvesting KW - Wearable sensors KW - Wireless communication KW - Atrial fibrillation KW - Bluetooth KW - body sensor networks KW - cyber-physical systems KW - energy harvesting KW - E-textiles KW - low-power electronics KW - remote monitoring KW - self-powered KW - smart textiles KW - wearable KW - wireless ER - TY - JOUR TI - A hybrid vascular graft harnessing the superior mechanical properties of synthetic fibers and the biological performance of collagen filaments AU - Zhang, Fan AU - Bambharoliya, Tushar AU - Xie, Yu AU - Liu, Laijun AU - Celik, Hakan AU - Wang, Lu AU - Akkus, Ozan AU - King, Martin W. T2 - MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB - Tissue-engineered small caliber vascular grafts have attracted much research attention as a viable alternative to traditional vascular grafts with their biocompatibility and potential to achieve complete healing. However, the major challenge is to fabricate a scaffold with both satisfactory mechanical properties and fast endothelialization. In this study, a hybrid tubular vascular tissue engineered scaffold has been circular-knitted using novel electrochemically aligned collagen (ELAC) filaments plied together with traditional poly(lactic acid) (PLA) yarn. The collagen component was able to promote the recruitment and proliferation of endothelial cells by increasing the initial cell adhesion 10-fold and the eventual cell population 3.2 times higher than the PLA scaffold alone. At the same time, the PLA yarn was able to provide sufficient mechanical strength and structural stability, as well as facilitate scaffold fabrication on high speed textile production equipment. The tubular hybrid scaffold exhibited excellent bursting strength (1.89 ± 0.43 MPa) and suture retention strength (10.86 ± 0.49 N), and had comparable compliance (3.98 ± 1.94%/100 mmHg) to that of the coronary artery (3.8 ± 0.3%/100 mmHg) under normotensive pressure. With its excellent mechanical and biological performance, this prototype hybrid scaffold is a promising candidate for the construction of a clinically successful and easily translatable tissue-engineered small caliber vascular graft. DA - 2021/1// PY - 2021/1// DO - 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111418 VL - 118 SP - SN - 1873-0191 UR - https://publons.com/publon/37769973/ KW - Tissue-engineered vascular graft KW - Biomaterial KW - Hybrid KW - Electrochemically aligned collagen KW - Poly (lactic acid) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flexible Cyclic-Poly(phthalaldehyde)/Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) Blend Fibers with Fast Daylight-Triggered Transience AU - Li, Shanshan AU - Rizvi, Mehedi H. AU - Lynch, Brian B. AU - Tracy, Joseph B. AU - Ford, Ericka T2 - MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS AB - Abstract Cyclic‐poly(phthalaldehyde) (cPPHA) exhibits photo‐triggerable depolymerization on‐demand for applications like the photolithography of microfabricated electronics. However, cPPHA is inherently brittle and thermally sensitive; both of these properties limit its usefulness as an engineering plastic. Prior to this report, small molecule plasticizers are added to cPPHA‐based films to make the polymer more flexible. But plasticizers can eventually leach out of cPPHA, then leaving it increasingly more brittle throughout product lifetime. In this research, a new approach to fabricating flexible cPPHA blends for use as spun fibers is achieved through the incorporation of poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) by a modified wet spinning method. Among blend compositions, the 50/50 cPPHA/PCL fiber shows fast transience (<50 s) in response to daylight while retaining the flexibility of PCL and mechanical properties of an elastomer (i.e., tensile strength of ≈8 MPa, Young's modulus of ≈118 MPa, and elongation at break of ≈190%). Embedding 2 wt% gold nanoparticles to cPPHA can further improve the transience rate of fibers comprising less than 50% cPPHA. These flexible, daylight‐triggerable cPPHA/PCL fibers can be applied to an extensive range of applications, such as wearable electronics, intelligent textiles, and zero waste packaging for which modest mechanical performance and fast transience are desired. DA - 2021/4// PY - 2021/4// DO - 10.1002/marc.202000657 VL - 42 IS - 7 SP - SN - 1521-3927 KW - cyclic‐ KW - poly(phthalaldehyde) KW - daylight‐ KW - triggered transience KW - fibers KW - poly (ε KW - ‐ KW - caprolactone) KW - wet spinning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fe3O4/Fe2O3/Fe nanoparticles anchored on N-doped hierarchically porous carbon nanospheres as a high-efficiency ORR electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn-air batteries AU - Wang, Yali AU - Gan, Ruihui AU - Liu, Hao AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Wei, Chengbiao AU - Ma, Chang AU - Shi, Jingli AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A AB - N-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanospheres loaded with Fe3O4/Fe2O3/Fe nanoparticles are prepared and show excellent ORR activity and durability, based on which the assembled Zn-air battery has outstanding peak power density and specific capacity. DA - 2021/2/7/ PY - 2021/2/7/ DO - 10.1039/D0TA10205A VL - 9 IS - 5 SP - 2764-2774 SN - 2050-7496 UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA10205A ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of firefighting hood design, laundering and doffing on smoke protection, heat stress, and wearability AU - Kesler, Richard M. AU - Mayer, Alex AU - Fent, Kenneth W. AU - Chen, I-Chen AU - Deaton, A. Shawn AU - Ormond, R. Bryan AU - Smith, Denise L. AU - Wilkinson, Andrea AU - Kerber, Steve AU - Horn, Gavin P. T2 - Ergonomics AB - Firefighter hoods must provide protection from elevated temperatures and products of combustion (e.g. particulate) while simultaneously being wearable (comfortable and not interfering with firefighting activities). The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of (1) hood design (traditional knit hood vs particulate-blocking hood), (2) repeated laundering, and (3) hood removal method (traditional vs overhead doffing) on (a) protection from soot contamination on the neck, (b) heat stress and (c) wearability measures. Using a fireground exposure simulator, 24 firefighters performed firefighting activities in realistic smoke and heat conditions using a new knit hood, new particulate-blocking hood and laundered particulate-blocking hood. Overall, soot contamination levels measured from neck skin were lower when wearing the laundered particulate-blocking hoods compared to new knit hoods, and when using the overhead hood removal process. No significant differences in skin temperature, core temperature, heart rate or wearability measures were found between the hood conditions. Practitioner Summary: The addition of a particulate-blocking layer to firefighters' traditional two-ply hood was found to reduce the PAH contamination reaching the neck but did not affect heat stress measurements or thermal perceptions. Modifying the process for hood removal resulted in a larger reduction in neck skin contamination than design modification. Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; B: new particulate-blocking hood and PPE (PPE configuration); FES: fireground exposure simulator; GI: gastrointestinal; K: new knit hood and PPE (PPE configuration); L: laundered particulate-blocking hood and PPE (PPE configuration); LOD: limit of detection; MLE: maximum likelihood estimation; NFPA: National fire protection association; PAH: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; PPE: personal protective equipment; SCBA: self-contained breathing apparatus; THL: total heat loss; TPP: thermal protective performance. DA - 2021/1/4/ PY - 2021/1/4/ DO - 10.1080/00140139.2020.1867241 VL - 1 SP - 1-25 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2020.1867241 KW - Personal protective equipment KW - firefighting KW - chemical exposures KW - heat stress KW - wearability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transparent and high barrier plasma functionalized acrylic coated cellulose triacetate films AU - Sun, Xiaohang AU - Bourham, Mohamed AU - Barrett, Devin G. AU - McCord, Marian G. AU - Pal, Lokendra T2 - PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS AB - Transparent and high moisture barrier acrylic coatings were obtained by deposition of acrylic resin containing crosslinking agents onto cellulose ester films, followed by exposure to atmospheric plasma. The effects of monomers, crosslinking agents, and polymerization methods were studied. The surface chemical composition, morphology, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), light transmittance, and adhesion performance of the coated cellulose triacetate (CTA) films were characterized for the acrylic coated films and for different plasma treatments. Coated films showed a significant reduction in water vapor permeability while maintaining excellent transparency when compared with uncoated films. Furthermore, adhesion of the coating to the CTA film was also improved due to plasma treatment. It was also found that plasma curing on the coated oligomers can induce morphological changes and significantly increase surface roughness and hydrophilicity. The roughness texture observed via SEM analysis indicated that the types of plasma polymerization and the amount of crosslinking agents control the texture types for acrylic coating. Plasma-assisted acrylic coated CTA films can be used in electronic displays, medical, and packaging applications. DA - 2021/1// PY - 2021/1// DO - 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105988 VL - 150 SP - SN - 1873-331X KW - Acrylic KW - coating KW - Cellulose triacetate (CTA) KW - Atmospheric plasma KW - Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) KW - Transparency KW - Surface morphology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Low density, three-dimensionally interconnected carbon nanotube/silicon carbide nanocomposites for thermal protection applications AU - Aly, Karim AU - Lubna, Mostakima AU - Bradford, Philip D. T2 - JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY AB - Synthesis of silicon carbide (SiC) nanostructures and their composites has been a topic of interest for the scientific community due to the unique properties that can be obtained with nanoscale features. Herein, we report the scalable fabrication of anisotropic and low density, carbon nanotube/SiC (CNT/SiC) core-shell structures synthesized via chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) of silicon on aligned CNT foams followed by heat treatment at 1350 °C. Structures made of CNT/SiC nanotube networks with a thickness of 1 cm and length of 9 cm were prepared in the present work. Upon the removal of the CNT foam via calcination of the hybrid nanocomposite in air, a free-standing mechanically robust three-dimensional network of pure SiC nanotubes was left behind. The density of the synthesized CNT/SiC is the lowest reported for any C/SiC structure. Furthermore, the CNT/SiC hybrid nano-architecture demonstrated superb heat resistance and stability in ultrahigh temperature environment. DA - 2021/1// PY - 2021/1// DO - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.06.020 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 233-243 SN - 1873-619X KW - Silicon carbide KW - Carbon nanotubes KW - Three-dimensional network KW - Composites KW - Heat resistance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Solution size variation of linear and dendritic bis-MPA analogs using DOSY-H-1 NMR AU - Kareem, Oluwapelumi O. AU - Rahmani, Farzin AU - Hyman, Jason A. AU - Keller, Christopher B. AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A. AU - Savin, Daniel A. AU - Grayson, Scott M. T2 - POLYMER CHEMISTRY AB - The size and size variability of bis-MPA dendrimers is shown to be smaller by DOSY-1H NMR than their linear analog, PBBM. This was accomplished using five different solvents and for the first time confirms, experimentally, what has been theorized. DA - 2021/3/14/ PY - 2021/3/14/ DO - 10.1039/D0PY01070G VL - 12 IS - 10 SP - 1507-1517 SN - 1759-9962 UR - https://doi.org/10.1039/D0PY01070G ER - TY - JOUR TI - New benzotriazoles generated during textile dyeing process: Synthesis, hazard, water occurrence and aquatic risk assessment AU - Vendemiatti, Josiane A. Souza AU - Camparotto, Natalia G. AU - Vidal, Cristiane AU - Cristale, Joyce AU - Agapito, Estevao Vieira de Moraes AU - Oliveira, Adria Calotto AU - Rodrigues, Everton A. AU - Montagner, Cassiana C. AU - Umbuzeiro, Gisela A. AU - Prediger, Patricia T2 - JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AB - Phenylbenzotriazoles (PBTA) can be generated unintentionally during textile dyeing factories by reduction of dinitrophenylazo dyes and their subsequent chlorination in disinfection process. Eight non-chlorinated PBTAs (non-Cl PBTA) and their related chlorinated PBTAs have been found in rivers and presented mutagenic activity. No data on their aquatic toxicity are available. In this work, two new phenylbenzotriazoles, non-Cl PBTA-9 and PBTA-9, derived from the dye C.I. Disperse Violet 93 (DV93) were synthesized and chemically/toxicologically characterized. Both compounds were more mutagenic than the parental dye in the Salmonella/microsome assay in the presence of metabolic activation (S9). Mutagenicity studies in vivo with mammals would confirm their potential hazard to humans. The two compounds were acutely toxic to Daphnia similis. We developed an analytical method to simultaneously quantify non-Cl PBTA-9, PBTA-9 and DV93 in river waters. Non-Cl PBTA-9 was found in sites under influence of textile effluents but at concentrations that do not pose risk to the aquatic life according to the P-PNEC calculated based on the acute toxicity tests. PBTA-9 was not detected in any samples analyzed. More studies on the aquatic toxicity and water occurrence of PBTAs should be conducted to verify the relevance of this class of compounds as aquatic contaminants. DA - 2021/2/5/ PY - 2021/2/5/ DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123732 VL - 403 SP - SN - 1873-3336 KW - Chlorinated by-product KW - Toxicity KW - Disperse azo dye KW - Textile discharge KW - 2-Phenylbenzotriazole ER - TY - JOUR TI - A promising Ames battery for mutagenicity characterization of new dyes AU - Umbuzeiro, Gisela A. AU - Morales, Daniel A. AU - Vacchi, Francine I AU - Albuquerque, Anjaina F. AU - Szymczyk, Malgorzata AU - Sui, Xinyi AU - Vinueza, Nelson AU - Freeman, Harold S. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS AB - Abstract When testing new products, potential new products, or their impurities for genotoxicity in the Ames test, the quantity available for testing can be a limiting factor. This is the case for a dye repository of around 98,000 substances the Max Weaver Dye Library (MWDL). Mutagenicity data on dyes in the literature, although vast, in several cases is not reliable, compromising the performance of the in silico models. In this report, we propose a strategy for the generation of high‐quality mutagenicity data for dyes using a minimum amount of sample. We evaluated 15 dyes from different chemical classes selected from 150 representative dyes of the MWDL. The purity and molecular confirmation of each dye were determined, and the microplate agar protocol (MPA) was used. Dyes were tested at the limit of solubility in single and concentration‐response experiments using seven strains without and with metabolic activation except for anthraquinone dyes which were tested with eight strains. Six dyes were mutagenic. The most sensitive was YG1041, followed by TA97a > TA98 > TA100 = TA1538 > TA102. YG7108 as well as TA1537 did not detect any mutagenic response. We concluded that the MPA was successful in identifying the mutagenicity of dyes using less than 12.5 mg of sample. We propose that dyes should be tested in a tiered approach using YG1041 followed by TA97a, TA98, and TA100 in concentration‐response experiments. This work provides additional information on the dye mutagenicity database available in the literature. DA - 2021/1// PY - 2021/1// DO - 10.1002/em.22417 VL - 62 IS - 1 SP - 52-65 SN - 1098-2280 KW - anthraquinones KW - azo dyes KW - microplate agar KW - Salmonella KW - microsome assay ER - TY - JOUR TI - Benzimidazole as Ubiquitous Structural Fragment: An Update on Development of its Green Synthetic Approaches AU - Patel, Ashish AU - Shah, Drashti AU - Patel, Naiya AU - Patel, Khushbu AU - Soni, Nidhi AU - Nagani, Afzal AU - Parikh, Vruti AU - Shah, Hirak AU - Bambharoliya, Tushar T2 - MINI-REVIEWS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AB - Abstract:: The benzimidazole and its derivatives are privileged heterocyclic motif and important building block for the development of the biologically active compound. However, several research reports are produced in a short period of time due to the rapid production of new drugs having a benzimidazole nucleus. In order to understand the current status of the benzimidazole nucleus in medicinal chemistry science, it is therefore important to combine the latest knowledge with earlier information. Hence, synthetic organic chemists concentrated on inventing an effective green methodology for synthesizing benzimidazole derivatives. In addition to this, non-degradable chemical compounds cause the ecosystem to become fragile, damage or irritation as contaminants and pose a danger to the environment. However, conventional methods of synthesis need longer heating time, complicated and tedious apparatus set up which result in high cost and pollution in contrast to greener methods which are inexpensive. In the present review, therefore, we have attempted to shed light on various synthetic strategies leading to the synthesis of different benzimidazole derivatives through the direct condensation reaction between o-phenylenediamine and aromatic aldehydes using green chemistry approaches such as mechanochemistry, ultrasound irradiation, microwave irradiation, environmentally benign solvents/catalysts, reactant immobilized on a solid support and blue light irradiation. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// DO - 10.2174/1570193X17999201211194908 VL - 18 IS - 8 SP - SN - 1875-6298 UR - https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193X17999201211194908 KW - Benzimidazole KW - green chemistry KW - o-phenylenediamine KW - aromatic aldehyde KW - synthesis KW - sustainable chemistry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon black-based porous sub-micron carbon fibers for flexible supercapacitors AU - Ma, Chang AU - Wu, Liqiang AU - Dirican, Mahmut AU - Cheng, Hui AU - Li, Junjing AU - Song, Yan AU - Shi, Jingli AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE AB - Construction of functional materials using low-dimensional carbons has attracted tremendous attention in the field of energy storage devices. Herein, porous carbon black (CB) is used as the dominant building unit to construct porous sub-micron carbon fibers by electrospinning and pyrolysis with polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based pyrolytic carbon as the binder. Inheriting abundant pores and surface area from the porous CB, the resultant CB-based sub-micron fibers present considerable porosity and specific surface area. The PAN-based pyrolytic carbon endows the CB-based sub-micron carbon fibers with a considerable quantity of N/O-containing surface. CB content plays a crucial role in improving thermal stability, flexibility, and conductivity of the resultant sub-micron carbon fibers. The CB-based sub-micron carbon fibers present a considerable specific capacitance, excellent cycling stability and can be used electrodes for flexible supercapacitors. DA - 2021/1/30/ PY - 2021/1/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147914 VL - 537 SP - SN - 1873-5584 KW - Flexible supercapacitors KW - Carbon black KW - Porous sub-micron carbon fibers KW - Energy storage devices ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of wet spinning conditions on the structure and properties of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate fibers AU - Singhi, Bhavya AU - Ford, Ericka N. AU - King, Martin W. T2 - JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS AB - Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), also known as bacterial polyesters, are considered novel polymers for fabricating biomedical products, such as sutures and hernia meshes, because of their biocompatibility and slow biodegradability. Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) is a commonly used PHA that was explored in this study as an absorbable biomaterial for several medical applications, including controlled drug delivery. Currently, P4HB is melt spun and drawn into filaments at high processing temperatures (~200°C), precluding the incorporation of thermally sensitive drugs within the polymer during melt spinning. Post-spinning drug incorporation can potentially cause nonuniform drug absorption that leads to an uneven release profile. This raises the need for a low temperature spinning process for these polymers. Until now, there has been no defined procedure to produce P4HB fibers through a low temperature solution spinning process. This study focuses on determining suitable wet spinning conditions to form continuous P4HB fibers. After several preliminary tests, it was found that a chloroform-based spin dope with 10-15% polymer concentration facilitated the extrusion of continuous stretchable fibers into a coagulation bath containing reagent alcohol. Subsequently, several P4HB fibers were spun with various spin dope concentrations, coagulation bath temperatures, and spin draw ratios to assess their effect on fiber structure and properties. DA - 2021/7// PY - 2021/7// DO - 10.1002/jbm.b.34763 VL - 109 IS - 7 SP - 982-989 SN - 1552-4981 KW - coagulation KW - fibers KW - poly-4-hydroxybutyrate KW - polyhydroxyalkanoate KW - wet spinning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of the photophysics of a mixed system of red disperse dyes using experimental and theoretical methods AU - Kim, Bo Hyung AU - Danilov, Evgeny AU - Yoon, Seog Joon AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed AU - Freeman, Harold T2 - DYES AND PIGMENTS AB - While many disperse dyes have been studied in a variety of scientific fields, from textiles to biochemistry, most studies have been conducted on individual dyes having specific chromogens. However, bearing in mind that dyes are often used in combinations, in order to produce target colors for outdoor environments, an understanding of the photophysics of mixed system of dyes is important. As an extension of our previous work pertaining to scarlet and blue disperse dyes developed for use in outdoor applications, we investigated the photophysics of two commercial colorants and their various components (azo and anthraquinone red disperse dyes) to help account for their photostability when used in combinations. In this regard, experimental and modeling studies were performed to get insight into excited-state properties following light absorption. Transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) showed that the dye mixtures dissipated excited-state energy much faster than the main component (an anthraquinone disperse red dye), which emphasized the benefit of multiple components in a commercial dye. The reduced excited-state lifetime clearly showed that the presence of additional dyes can play an important role in the photophysics and improving photostability. DA - 2021/1// PY - 2021/1// DO - 10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108745 VL - 184 SP - SN - 1873-3743 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85090416933&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Disperse dyes KW - Photophysics KW - Transient absorption spectroscopy KW - Photostability KW - Tautomer KW - DFT calculations ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of synthetic dyes for environmental and forensic assessments: A chromatography and mass spectrometry approach AU - Teran, Julio E. AU - Millbern, Zoe AU - Shao, Dongyan AU - Sui, Xinyi AU - Liu, Yixin AU - Demmler, Morgan AU - Vinueza, Nelson R. T2 - JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE AB - Abstract Dyes have become common substances since they are employed in mostly all objects surrounding our daily activities such as clothing and upholstery. Based on the usage and disposal of these objects, the transfer of the dyes to other media such as soil and water increases their prevalence in our environment. However, this prevalence could help to solve crimes and pollution problems if detection techniques are proper. For that reason, the detection and characterization of dyes in complex matrices is important to determine the possible events leading to their deposition (natural degradation, attempts of removal, possible match with evidence, among others). Currently, there are several chromatographic and mass spectrometric approaches used for the identification of these organic molecules and their derivatives with high specificity and accuracy. This review presents current chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods that are used for the detection and characterization of disperse, acid, basic, and reactive dyes, and their derivatives. DA - 2021/1// PY - 2021/1// DO - 10.1002/jssc.202000836 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 387-402 SN - 1615-9314 KW - chromatography KW - environmental studies KW - forensics KW - mass spectrometry KW - synthetic dyes ER - TY - JOUR TI - A simple and easy-implemented time-of-flight determination method for liquid ultrasonic flow meters based on ultrasonic signal onset detection and multiple-zero-crossing technique AU - Fang, Zehua AU - Su, Rui AU - Hu, Liang AU - Fu, Xin T2 - MEASUREMENT AB - Determination of time-of-flight (TOF) is crucially important in liquid ultrasonic flow meters. There are some deficiencies of previous TOF detection methods in practical applications. Inspired by our last work and the knowledge of clustering algorithms, we proposed a TOF determination method based on ultrasonic signal onset (USO) detection and multiple-zero-crossing technique to solve cycle-skip problem caused by waveform change. This method categorizes the ultrasonic and the noise signal, and identifies the rough position of USO. A time value from the obtained zero-crossing time values is selected as the TOF. The main advantage of the proposed method is the high insensitivity towards waveform change, i.e., the effect of amplitude characteristics change on TOF detection is negligible. Numerical experiments were done to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and its anti-noise ability. Experimental validation on a liquid ultrasonic flow meter showed the proposed method is capable of obtaining the accurate TOF. DA - 2021/1/15/ PY - 2021/1/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108398 VL - 168 SP - SN - 1873-412X KW - Time-of-flight KW - Ultrasonic signal onset KW - Zero-crossing KW - Categorize process ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of nonlinearly elastic yarn in ring spinning AU - Yin, Rong T2 - Textile Research Journal AB - In this paper, yarn dynamic behavior in the ring spinning system has been studied. A new model has been proposed by considering nonlinear elastic yarn. Equations of motion were derived by Newton’s second law and resolved by the finite difference method. Some results were given and relationships among models of inextensible yarn, linear elastic yarn, and nonlinearly elastic yarn were discussed. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model in terms of yarn tension and balloon profile and a good agreement has been made between the predicted data and experimental results. DA - 2021/2/13/ PY - 2021/2/13/ DO - 10.1177/0040517520940807 VL - 7 SP - 004051752094080 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517520940807 KW - ring spinning KW - yarn tension KW - yarn balloon KW - yarn model KW - nonlinearly elastic yarn ER - TY - JOUR TI - Process‐structure‐property relationship of meltblown poly (styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene) nonwovens AU - Yu, Yang AU - Shim, Eunkyoung T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - Abstract With the advance of the thermoplastic plastic elastomer (TPE) technology, there are growing interest and needs for using these materials in the meltblowing process where benefits of small fiber diameters of meltblowns can be combined with rubber‐like elastic properties of elastomers. Performances and utilities of wide ranges of meltblown products such as facemask, medical barrier, wound‐care, diaper can be drastically improved with additions of TPE. In this study, a new elastomeric meltblown fabric was successfully made with the styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS) block copolymer, and the relationship among structure, tensile properties, and meltblowing process parameters are studied. We found that median fiber diameter increases with the polymer mass throughout and decreases with air pressure, and fabric solidity has significantly influenced by die collector distance (DCD). The pore sizes of the fabrics are directly influenced by fiber diameters at the given DCD, but higher DCD increases the pore size due to their open structures. All SEBS nonwovens exhibit high strain at break, larger than 400%. Processing parameters significantly affect tensile properties, and this can be attributed to the fabric structure changes. The reduction of fiber diameter tends to increase the tensile strength of the fabric as it created more fiber‐to‐fiber bond points. DA - 2021/4/20/ PY - 2021/4/20/ DO - 10.1002/app.50230 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/app.50230 KW - extrusion KW - mechanical properties KW - structure‐ KW - property relationships KW - textiles ER - TY - JOUR TI - Skin-textiles friction: importance and prospects in skin comfort and in healthcare in prevention of skin injuries AU - Baby, Ruksana AU - Mathur, Kavita AU - DenHartog, Emiel T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - Frictional characteristics of textiles play a big role in skin comfort and health, and in the development of friction related skin injuries such as tissue deformation, skin damage, decubitus ulcers or pressure ulcers and friction blisters, especially in people with compromised skin conditions and/or immobility. All these skin injuries cause severe pain and can be life threatening. This review paper is focused on decubitus, and how friction from textiles contribute to both skin comfort, and in the formation or prevention of skin injuries such as decubitus. More than 2.5 million individuals develop decubitus annually that costs the US healthcare system $9.1-11.6 billion per year due to increased health care utilization. There’s been a significant amount of research on decubitus alone, unfortunately the role of textiles in formation and prevention of decubitus is yet understudied. This review provided an understanding of the importance of friction in textiles and skin, and factors influencing friction on respective surfaces. Along with demonstrating the mechanism of decubitus ulcer formation and some recent commendable work from textiles point of view, few critical research questions and suggestions for future work have also been provided. DA - 2021/8/19/ PY - 2021/8/19/ DO - 10.1080/00405000.2020.1827582 VL - 112 IS - 9 SP - 1514-1530 SN - 1754-2340 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2020.1827582 KW - Friction KW - textiles KW - skin KW - comfort KW - decubitus ulcers KW - pressure ulcers KW - healthcare ER - TY - JOUR TI - University research funding: Why does industry funding continue to be a small portion of university research, and how can we change the paradigm? AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - INDUSTRY AND HIGHER EDUCATION AB - In the USA, the federal government is still the chief source of external funding for R&D across all industries and academia. Industry funding for universities continues to remain low. There have been many attempts to increase the interactions between industry and academia and, while there is a great deal of interest in building public–private partnerships, the results have not been promising. In this article, the author analyzes data from a number of government sources and other organizations to provide a full picture of the funding landscape in the USA. Some thought is given to why such interactions have not been successful and how we may be able to realign university activities and policies to embrace partnerships with industry. DA - 2021/6// PY - 2021/6// DO - 10.1177/0950422220962286 VL - 35 IS - 3 SP - 150-158 SN - 2043-6858 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0950422220962286 KW - Industry funding KW - industry research KW - industry-university partnership KW - research funding ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cleaner production of mulberry spun silk yarns via a shortened and gassing-free production route AU - Yin, R. AU - Xiang, Y.F. AU - Zhang, Z.H. AU - Tao, X.M. AU - Gluck, J.M. AU - Chiu, K. AU - Lam, W. T2 - Journal of Cleaner Production AB - Abstract The green production of textiles via an eco-friendly approach has recently gained considerable interest. As a derivative industry of silk manufacturing, spun silk utilizes waste materials generated in different processes of silk production, which is considered as the re-use of silk waste. The spun silk industry is facing several problems now, including environmental pollution, low production efficiency, increased labor intensity, significant material waste, and excessive energy consumption. This study presents an environment-friendly production route to produce mulberry spun silk yarns, by eliminating the gassing process that burns away surface hairs and neps. The gassing process not only generates odors, dust, and gas discharges but also results in significant material wastage and high production cost. The key is a modified ring spinning technology to achieve low yarn hairiness and neps; thus the yarn produced no longer requires gassing. The number of processing steps is also reduced to nine from twelve compared to the traditional silk spinning system. The modified 60 Nm mulberry spun silk yarns show a comparable tenacity of 26.33 cN/tex, evenness of 9.96%, neps (+200%) of 18 per 1 km, and a slightly worse hairiness S3 value of 74 per 100 m, compared with the conventional gassed ones. The plain knitted fabrics made by the modified yarns also reveal a 1.5 grade higher pilling resistance, similar mechanical and thermal properties, and a slightly hairier surface appearance than the conventional ones. The new processing route greatly reduces carbon footprint and achieves significant savings in materials, manpower, and energy, which may shed new light on the industrial manufacturing of mulberry spun silk yarns. DA - 2021/1// PY - 2021/1// DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123690 VL - 278 SP - 123690 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123690 KW - Mulberry spun silk KW - Yarn properties KW - Gassing process KW - Modified ring spinning KW - 3D structural configuration ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of clinoptilolite on structure and drug release behavior of chitosan/thyme oil gamma-Cyclodextrininclusion compound hydrogels AU - Moradi, Sara AU - Barati, Abolfazl AU - Tonelli, Alan E. AU - Hamedi, Hamid T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Chitosan‐based hydrogels involving γ‐cyclodextrin inclusion compounds of thyme oil were prepared by freeze–thaw cycling method. Clinoptilolite as a natural zeolite was added to investigate its effects on the structural, mechanical, and drug release behaviors of the hydrogels. Zeolite compressed the structure and improved mechanical properties, which decreased swelling values. Release of thyme oil in prepared hydrogels were investigated by UV spectroscopy and drug release mechanism was evaluated by applying various mathematical methods. Rates of water vapor transmission of the samples were calculated as 2247–2998 g m −2 day −1 which are all in the range of an ideal wound dressing. Hydrogels with clinoptilolite had slower drug release (from 56% to 24% for hydrogels containing zeolite 1%) in comparison with that of without zeolite. Based on MTT assay, samples were low‐toxic. Obtained results suggest that drug loaded hydrogels can be applied in biomedical field including drug delivery systems and wound dressings. DA - 2021/2/10/ PY - 2021/2/10/ DO - 10.1002/app.49822 VL - 138 IS - 6 SP - SN - 1097-4628 KW - biomedical applications KW - biomaterials KW - drug delivery systems ER - TY - JOUR TI - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on the photodegradation of copolyester model compounds AU - Arangdad, Kiarash AU - Yildirim, Erol AU - Detwiler, Andrew AU - Cleven, Curtis D. AU - Burk, Christopher AU - Shamey, Renzo AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A. AU - Freeman, Harold AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract The photodegradation of irradiated PETG and PCCT model compounds namely Tm‐CHDM‐Tm and Tm‐TMCD‐Tm, where Tm refers to the methyl ester of terephthalic acid, CHDM refers to 1, 4‐cyclohexanedimethanol, and TMCD refers to tetramethyl‐1, 3‐cyclobutanediol, was analyzed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Photodegradation products were characterized based on high resolution O 1s x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra and the spectra of irradiated model compounds showed a decrease in the relative intensity of CO compared to the CO peak. The percentage of CO formation in irradiated model compounds changed in proportion to irradiation time and showed that the model compound containing CHDM was slightly more UV stable than the TMCD based model compound. Photodegradation mechanisms for model compounds were proposed based on XPS spectra. In parallel studies, density functional theory calculations were performed as an approach to predict degradation products, to help interpreting the XPS spectra of model compounds and characterize the reactivity of model compounds. DA - 2021/1/10/ PY - 2021/1/10/ DO - 10.1002/app.49661 VL - 138 IS - 2 SP - SN - 1097-4628 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85088566956&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - ageing KW - degradation KW - theory and modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Headspace sampling-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer as a screening method to thermally extract fireground contaminants from retired firefighting turnout jackets AU - Shinde, Adhiraj AU - Ormond, R. Bryan T2 - FIRE AND MATERIALS AB - Firefighters are at a 1.5 to 2 times greater risk of contracting certain types of cancers as compared to the general population. After preliminary studies, it was evident that contaminated turnout gear and ensemble elements could be linked to heightened cancer rates amongst firefighters. Compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), perfluorinated compounds, phenols, phthalates, brominated flame retardants, dioxins, volatile organic compounds, and many others are present in the contaminated gear, of which many are known carcinogens. A setup of headspace sampler-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer was used to measure the off-gassing of the fabric samples taken from retired field-contaminated turnout jackets. The fabric samples were exposed to a specific temperature and allowed to equilibrate for a fixed time in the HS. A custom reference mix of phenols, phthalates and PAHs was put together to develop standard calibration curves. The compounds off-gassing from the outer shell, thermal liner and the moisture barrier were analyzed and the masses of certain marker compounds were calculated based of the standard calibration curves. The technique could be used as a screening method to thermally extract contaminants from field-contaminated firefighter turnout materials such as jackets, pants, gloves, and so on. DA - 2021/4// PY - 2021/4// DO - 10.1002/fam.2887 VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 415-428 SN - 1099-1018 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2887 KW - contaminants KW - firefighting KW - gas-chromatography KW - headspace sampling KW - off-gassing KW - PAHs KW - phenols KW - phthalates ER -