TY - JOUR TI - Limehouse Produce: A Unique Wholesaler of Locally Sourced Produce AU - Hughes, D. AU - Crissy, H. AU - Boys, K.A. T2 - Journal of Food Distribution Research DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 58–67 UR - https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/190896 ER - TY - CHAP TI - The Travel Cost Model AU - von Haefen, Roger H. T2 - Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: An Encyclopedia A2 - Haab, T.C. A2 - Whitehead, J.C. A2 - Caviglia, J.L. PY - 2014/// PB - Greenwood SN - 9781440801198 9781440801204 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using Technology to Engage and Improve Millennial Students' Presentation Performance AU - Rodriguez, Michael AU - Ajjan, Haya AU - Honeycutt, Earl T2 - Atlantic Marketing Journal DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 16–31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A review of the interactive marketing literature in the context of personal selling and sales management: A research agenda AU - Rodriguez, Michael AU - Dixon, Andrea L. AU - Peltier, James W. T2 - Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing AB - Purpose – The purpose of this 16-year review is to summarize interactive marketing literature in the context of personal selling and sales management. This paper serves as precursor to the Special Issue on the Convergence of Interactive Marketing and Personal Selling and Sales Management to be published by the Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing . Key research needs are identified. Design/methodology/approach – A content analysis was performed on 106 articles categorized over 1998-2013. Ebsco Host was used as the database search engine, running impendent searches using personal selling, professional selling and sales management as identifiers across a variety of interactive marketing topics identified by Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing ( JRIM )’s Editorial Board. Findings – The examination of the convergence of interactive marketing in a personal selling/sales management context revealed 106 articles, with approximately 60 per cent being published in the past eight years. Although the interactive marking field is growing, there is clearly a significant opportunity for scholarly work across wide-ranging personal selling and sales management topics, and specifically in the areas of performance indices, evolving technologies, social media and tactical sales and management issues. Practical implications – The paper reviews personal selling and sales management articles that have been published in the time period of 1998-2013 across marketing, business and non-business journals. While the Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management has been the dominant outlet, other marketing and non-marketing journals are increasing their exposure in these areas. Originality/value – The study provides both academics and practitioners with an updated review of the interactive marketing literature along with a sense of how personal selling and sales management research is evolving. This review offers value as a standalone article and as input for scholars submitting manuscripts to JRIM ’s Special Issue on the Convergence of Interactive Marketing and Personal Selling and Sales Management. DA - 2014/10/7/ PY - 2014/10/7/ DO - 10.1108/jrim-06-2014-0035 VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 294–308 SN - 2040-7122 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-06-2014-0035 KW - Social media marketing KW - CRM KW - Internal marketing KW - Sales force management ER - TY - JOUR TI - Profile least squares estimation of a partially linear time trend model with weakly dependent data AU - Li, Zheng AU - Su, Li AU - Zhang, Daiqiang T2 - Economics Letters AB - We consider a partially linear time trend model with weakly dependent data. We show that the semiparametric estimator for the time trend coefficient has the same rate of convergence as in the parametric time trend model case. We also show that the asymptotic variance reaches the semiparametric efficient bound. The Monte Carlo simulations strongly support our theoretical analysis. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1016/J.ECONLET.2014.10.030 VL - 125 IS - 3 SP - 404-407 J2 - Economics Letters LA - en OP - SN - 0165-1765 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.ECONLET.2014.10.030 DB - Crossref KW - Partially linear KW - Time trend KW - Semiparametric bound, asymptotic normality ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Impacts of the Canadian Wheat Board Ruling on the North American Malt Barley Markets AU - Bekkerman, Anton AU - Schweizer, Heidi AU - Smith, Vincent H. T2 - Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie AB - The 2011 Marketing Freedom for Grain Farmers Act deregulated Canadian grain markets and removed the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) as the sole buyer and seller of Canadian grain. We develop a rational expectations contract decision model that serves as the basis for an empirically informed simulation analysis of malt barley contracting opportunities between Canadian farmers and U.S. maltsters in the deregulated environment. Comparative statics and simulation results indicate that some new opportunities for contracting are possible, but the likelihood of favorable conditions for U.S. maltsters to contract with Canadian rather than U.S. farmers is low—between 9% and 35% over a range of possible selection rates. The effects on contracting of the termination of the Canadian grain transportation revenue cap policy and of the relaxation of criteria for the release of new spring wheat varieties are also investigated. While changes to grain transportation policies are not likely to significantly affect favorable conditions for contracting, reducing constraints on Canadian farmers’ access to higher yielding wheat varieties could increase the returns from growing spring wheat but decrease the likelihood of contracting for malt barley with U.S. maltsters by an average of 5.3 percentage points. DA - 2014/7/24/ PY - 2014/7/24/ DO - 10.1111/cjag.12044 VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 619-645 J2 - Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie LA - en OP - SN - 0008-3976 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12044 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Continuance use intention of enterprise instant messaging: a knowledge management perspective AU - Ajjan, Haya AU - Hartshorne, Richard AU - Cao, Yingxia AU - Rodriguez, Michael T2 - Behaviour & Information Technology AB - Instant messaging has been widely utilised by a variety of types of organisations to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of internal communication and knowledge management (KM). To date, thoug... DA - 2014/3/5/ PY - 2014/3/5/ DO - 10.1080/0144929x.2014.886722 VL - 33 IS - 7 SP - 678-692 J2 - Behaviour & Information Technology LA - en OP - SN - 0144-929X 1362-3001 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2014.886722 DB - Crossref KW - enterprise instant messaging KW - decomposed theory of planned behaviour KW - knowledge creation KW - knowledge retention KW - knowledge transfer ER - TY - CHAP TI - Crm/Social Media Technology: Impact on Customer Orientation Process and Organizational Sales Performance AU - Rodriguez, Michael AU - Peterson, Robert M. AU - Ajjan, Haya T2 - Ideas in Marketing: Finding the New and Polishing the Old AB - The importance of technology in managing relationships with customers has grown significantly, especially with the advent of innovations such as cloud computing and web-based technology. One of the more popular topics in both academic research and business discussions has been the use of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) technology to increase business and sales productivity through the ongoing development of relationships with buyers. A new phenomenon in understanding buyers’ needs and reaching new customers is social media. Organizations are capturing data from tools such as LinkedIn, Facebook and blogs, and attempting to integrate this information into their sales process. In order to extract value from technology, organizations need to build a framework and processes to deliver value to the customer. PY - 2014/10/13/ DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-10951-0_233 SP - 636-638 OP - PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 9783319109503 9783319109510 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10951-0_233 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Protectionism indices for non-tariff measures: An application to maximum residue levels AU - Li, Yuan AU - Beghin, John C. T2 - Food Policy AB - We propose aggregation indices of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) to quantify their protectionism relative to international standards of stringency. We apply the indices to national Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) regulations on pesticides and veterinary drugs affecting agricultural and food trade and using a science-based criteria embodied in Codex Alimentarius international standards. The approach links two streams of the NTM literature, one concerned with the aggregation of various NTMs into operational indices for econometric and modeling purposes, and the other attempting to evaluate the protectionism of NTMs. The data used in the application come from a large international dataset on veterinary and pesticide MRLs and CODEX MRL standards for a large set of countries. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.1016/J.FOODPOL.2013.12.005 VL - 45 SP - 57-68 J2 - Food Policy LA - en OP - SN - 0306-9192 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODPOL.2013.12.005 DB - Crossref KW - NTMs KW - Non-tariff measures KW - Barriers KW - Protectionism KW - Maximum residue limit KW - MRL ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enhancing the impact of natural resource management research: Lessons from a meta-impact assessment of the Irrigated Rice Research Consortium AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. AU - Martin, Adrienne M. AU - Gypmantasiri, Phrek T2 - Global Food Security AB - This article present results from a multi-dimensional impact assessment of a large multi-year Natural Resource Management (NRM) research project for rice – the Irrigated Rice Research Consortium (IRRC) – and uses insights from this assessment to further understand how NRM research can be improved to have more impact in a developing country context. Results of the meta-impact assessment indicate that NRM research generated by the IRRC has provided a wide-range of impacts in multiple dimensions—from micro-level impacts on farmer livelihoods to national-level agricultural policy influence. Based on the IRRC experience, international NRM research institutions can enhance impact in developing countries by: fostering partnerships, collaborations, and cross-country learning; involving social scientists for monitoring, evaluation, and impact assessment; and, having long-term support and involvement of donors. DA - 2014/2// PY - 2014/2// DO - 10.1016/J.GFS.2013.11.001 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 41-48 J2 - Global Food Security LA - en OP - SN - 2211-9124 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.GFS.2013.11.001 DB - Crossref KW - Impact assessment KW - Impact pathway KW - Natural Resource Management KW - Research impact ER - TY - ENCYC TI - The Travel Cost Model AU - Haefen AU - H, Roger T2 - Greenwood A2 - Haab, T. A2 - J. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// PB - Whitehead, Greenwood Publishing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reduce product counterfeiting: An integrated approach AU - Wilcock, Anne E. AU - Boys, Kathryn A. T2 - Business Horizons AB - There is substantial interconnection between the reduction of product counterfeiting and quality management. This article seeks to demonstrate how integrating anti-counterfeiting initiatives into quality management strategies can reduce risk in the supply chain. We explore issues pertaining to product counterfeiting, the practical application and constraints of anti-counterfeiting initiatives within the supply chain, and the intersection of anti-counterfeiting initiatives with quality management programs. Gaps in current management strategies to address these issues are identified, and a potential remedy to address these deficiencies is proposed. Practical suggestions regarding the application of quality principles to offset counterfeiting should reduce risk in the supply chain. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1016/j.bushor.2013.12.001 VL - 57 IS - 2 SP - 279-288 J2 - Business Horizons LA - en OP - SN - 0007-6813 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2013.12.001 DB - Crossref KW - Counterfeiting KW - Piracy KW - Anti-counterfeiting KW - Quality management KW - Intellectual property rights (IPR) KW - Luxury goods ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving integration of human resources into quality management system standards AU - Boys, Kathryn A. AU - Wilcock, Anne E. T2 - International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management AB - Purpose – Little attention has been paid to how quality management systems (QMSs) are optimized by supportive employee behavior. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical review of the literature on the inclusion of human factors in the ISO 9000 family of standards, identify deficiencies in the standard's current treatment of these issues, and offer recommendations on how human resources (HRs) can be better integrated into these business management standards. Design/methodology/approach – This concept paper presents a survey of both academic and practitioner literature on the topic of HR and its treatment in quality standards. The focus is restricted to consideration of human factors that are specifically identified in the ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 9004:2009 standards. Findings – ISO 9001 and 9004 include some HR topics, but their treatment is insufficient to meet the demands of today's business environment. The recent addition to the ISO 9000 family, ISO 10018 – Quality Management – Guidelines on People Involvement and Competence (ISO, 2012b) will help to address the deficiency if adopted by the marketplace. To improve the usefulness of ISO 9000 standards, the breadth of human factors should be enhanced both extensively to include components of workplace culture and work design and intensively to require more rigorous treatment of the HR considerations already included in the standards. Practical implications – There is a need for more comprehensive consideration of human contributions to quality if organizations are to optimize the value they receive from their HR and their investment on the ISO 9001 QMS. Originality/value – The limited references linking HR and the ISO 9000 series of standards have focussed upon how human factors contribute (or not) to the successful use of the ISO 9000 standards. In contrast, this paper offers a comprehensive and integrative examination of how the ISO 9000 QMS standards could more comprehensively and effectively incorporate HR into a firm's practices. DA - 2014/7/29/ PY - 2014/7/29/ DO - 10.1108/IJQRM-07-2012-0107 VL - 31 IS - 7 SP - 738–750 SN - 0265-671X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-07-2012-0107 KW - ISO 9001 KW - People KW - Human resources KW - Business management standards KW - ISO 9004 KW - Quality management system standards ER - TY - JOUR TI - A new look at residential electricity demand using household expenditure data AU - Fell, Harrison AU - Li, Shanjun AU - Paul, Anthony T2 - International Journal of Industrial Organization AB - Many electricity demand estimates have been obtained based on the assumption that consumers optimize with respect to known marginal prices, but increasing empirical evidence suggests that consumers are more likely to respond to average prices. Under this assumption, this paper develops a new strategy based on Generalized Method of Moments to estimate household electricity demand. Our demand estimation approach uses publicly available expenditure data and utility-level consumption data from several major U.S. cities, complementing studies that use individual billing data which are richer yet often proprietary. We estimate the price elasticity near − 0.50, which is at the upper end (in magnitude) among the estimates from previous studies. This could have important implications for policy analysis such as those on climate policies that may affect electricity prices. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2014.02.001 VL - 33 SP - 37-47 J2 - International Journal of Industrial Organization LA - en OP - SN - 0167-7187 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2014.02.001 DB - Crossref KW - Electricity demand KW - CEX KW - GMM KW - Cap-and-trade ER - TY - JOUR TI - Can decentralized planning really achieve first-best in the presence of environmental spillovers? AU - Fell, Harrison AU - Kaffine, Daniel T. T2 - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management AB - It is generally accepted that decentralized policy choice in the presence of interjurisdictional spillovers is inefficient. Strikingly, Ogawa and Wildasin (2009) find that in a model with heterogenous jurisdictions, interjurisdictional capital flows, and interjurisdictional environmental damage spillovers, decentralized planning outcomes are equivalent to that under a centralized planner. We first show the critical importance of two key assumptions (no retirement of capital, fixed environmental damages per unit of capital) in obtaining this result. Second, we consider a more general model allowing for capital retirement and abatement activities and show that the outcome of a decentralized market generally differs from the solution of a centralized planner׳s social welfare-maximizing problem. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1016/j.jeem.2014.04.001 VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 46-53 J2 - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management LA - en OP - SN - 0095-0696 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2014.04.001 DB - Crossref KW - Fiscal federalism KW - Environmental spillovers KW - Abatement KW - Environmental policy ER - TY - RPRT TI - Greening Household Behaviour: Overview of Results from Econometric Analysis and Policy Implications AU - Serret, Y. AU - Brown, Z.S. T2 - OECD Environment Working Papers A3 - OECD Publishing AB - The second round of the OECD Survey on Environmental Policy for Individual Behaviour Change (EPIC) was implemented in 2011. A publication providing an overview of the survey data from over 12 000 households in eleven countries (Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland) is available.1 Follow-up econometric analyses were conducted in each of the thematic areas covered (energy, food, transport, waste and water), as well as on cross-domain comparisons in environmental attitudes and behaviours.2 This report presents a synthesis of main results from econometric analysis using the data from the 2011 EPIC survey, as well as policy implications. C6 - 797979 DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1787/5jxrcllt1kq5-en M1 - 79 PB - OECD Publishing SN - 79 UR - https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/envaaa/79-en.html#more ER - TY - RPRT TI - Greening Household Behaviour: Cross-Domain comparisons in environmental attitudes and behaviours using spatial effects AU - Brown, Z.S. T2 - OECD Environment Working Papers A3 - OECD Publishing AB - Discussions of the importance of public attitudes in shaping policy often lack clear evidence on causal relations between stated attitudes and observed behaviours. The 2011 OECD Survey of over 12,000 households allows analysing households’ environmental attitudes and behaviours in five different domains (electricity, food, transport, waste and water). Using econometric analysis, we investigate the relationship between stated environmental attitudes and indicators of civic engagement, such as voting in local elections, charity membership and membership in environmental organisations... C6 - 686868 DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1787/5jxrclsj8z7b-en M1 - 68 PB - OECD Publishing SN - 68 UR - https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/envaaa/68-en.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Response of Corn Acreage to Ethanol Plant Siting AU - Fatal, Yehushua Shay AU - Thurman, Walter N. T2 - Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics AB - U.S. ethanol production capacity increased more than threefold between 2002 and 2008. We study the effect of this growth on corn acreage. Connecting annual changes in county-level corn acreage to changes in ethanol plant capacities, we find a positive effect on planted corn. The building of a typical plant is estimated to increase corn in the county by over 500 acres and to increase acreage in surrounding counties up to almost 300 miles away. All ethanol plants are estimated to increase corn production by less than their annual requirements. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1017/s1074070800000717 VL - 46 IS - 02 SP - 157-171 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Welfare Impacts of Pollinator Health Challenges AU - Thurman, Walter N. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Economic sustainability of cellulosic energy cropping systems AU - Zering, K. D. T2 - Cellulosic energy cropping systems DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// SP - 281-297 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The impact of agricultural biotechnology on supply and land-use AU - Barrows, Geoffrey AU - Sexton, Steven AU - Zilberman, David T2 - ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AB - Abstract We use aggregate data to estimate supply, price, land-use, and greenhouse gas impacts of genetically engineered (GE) seed adoption due both to increased yield per hectare (intensive margin) and increased planted area (extensive margin). An adoption model with profitability and risk considerations distinguishes between the two margins, where the intensive margin results from direct ‘gene’ impacts and higher complimentary input use, and the extensive margin reflects the growing range of lands that become profitable with the GE technology. We identify yield increases from cross-country time series variation in GE adoption share within the main GE crops – cotton, corn and soybeans. We find that GE increased yields 34 per cent for cotton, 12 per cent for corn and 3 per cent for soybeans. We then estimate the quantity of extensive margin lands from year-to-year changes in traditional and GE planted area. If all production on the extensive margin is attributed to GE technology, the supply effect of GE increases from 5 per cent to 12 per cent for corn, 15 per cent to 20 per cent for cotton, and 2 per cent to 40 per cent for soybeans, generating significant downward pressure on prices. Finally, we compute ‘saved’ lands and greenhouse gases as the difference between observed hectarage per crop and counterfactual hectarage needed to generate the same output without the yield boost from GE. We find that altogether, GE saved 13 million hectares of land from conversion to agriculture in 2010, and averted emissions are equivalent to roughly one-eighth of the annual emissions from automobiles in the US. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1017/s1355770x14000400 VL - 19 IS - 6 SP - 676-703 SN - 1469-4395 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficient Use of Information in Adaptive Management with an Application to Managing Recreation near Golden Eagle Nesting Sites AU - Fackler, Paul L. AU - Pacifici, Krishna AU - Martin, Julien AU - McIntyre, Carol T2 - PLOS ONE AB - It is generally the case that a significant degree of uncertainty exists concerning the behavior of ecological systems. Adaptive management has been developed to address such structural uncertainty, while recognizing that decisions must be made without full knowledge of how a system behaves. This paradigm attempts to use new information that develops during the course of management to learn how the system works. To date, however, adaptive management has used a very limited information set to characterize the learning that is possible. This paper uses an extension of the Partial Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) framework to expand the information set used to update belief in competing models. This feature can potentially increase the speed of learning through adaptive management, and lead to better management in the future. We apply this framework to a case study wherein interest lies in managing recreational restrictions around golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nesting sites. The ultimate management objective is to maintain an abundant eagle population in Denali National Park while minimizing the regulatory burden on park visitors. In order to capture this objective, we developed a utility function that trades off expected breeding success with hiker access. Our work is relevant to the management of human activities in protected areas, but more generally demonstrates some of the benefits of POMDP in the context of adaptive management. DA - 2014/8/6/ PY - 2014/8/6/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0102434 VL - 9 IS - 8 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reducing fatigue damage for ships in transit through structured decision making AU - Nichols, J. M. AU - Fackler, P. L. AU - Pacifici, K. AU - Murphy, K. D. AU - Nichols, J. D. T2 - MARINE STRUCTURES AB - Research in structural monitoring has focused primarily on drawing inference about the health of a structure from the structure’s response to ambient or applied excitation. Knowledge of the current state can then be used to predict structural integrity at a future time and, in principle, allows one to take action to improve safety, minimize ownership costs, and/or increase the operating envelope. While much time and effort has been devoted toward data collection and system identification, research to-date has largely avoided the question of how to choose an optimal maintenance plan. This work describes a structured decision making (SDM) process for taking available information (loading data, model output, etc.) and producing a plan of action for maintaining the structure. SDM allows the practitioner to specify his/her objectives and then solves for the decision that is optimal in the sense that it maximizes those objectives. To demonstrate, we consider the problem of a Naval vessel transiting a fixed distance in varying sea-state conditions. The physics of this problem are such that minimizing transit time increases the probability of fatigue failure in the structural supports. It is shown how SDM produces the optimal trip plan in the sense that it minimizes both transit time and probability of failure in the manner of our choosing (i.e., through a user-defined cost function). The example illustrates the benefit of SDM over heuristic approaches to maintaining the vessel. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1016/j.marstruc.2014.04.002 VL - 38 SP - 18-43 SN - 1873-4170 KW - Structured Decision Making KW - Fatigue damage KW - Structural reliability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Real Options Approach to Inter-Sectoral Migration of U.S. Farm Labor AU - Oenel, Guelcan AU - Goodwin, Barry K. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB - The core of the literature on inter‐sectoral labor migration is based on net present value models of investment in which individuals are assumed to migrate to take advantage of positive wage differentials. In this article, we argue that a real options approach, taken together with the adjustment costs associated with sectoral relocation, may provide a basis for explaining the migration of farm labor out of the agricultural sector. Given the irreversibility of migration decisions and uncertainty in the economy, potential migrants might choose to postpone migration, even in the face of positive wage differentials. Using annual U.S. employment data from between 1948 and 2009, our results indicate that large elasticities between economic incentives and out‐farm migration are observed after a high threshold of wage differentials between farm and off‐farm sectors is surpassed. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1093/ajae/aau004 VL - 96 IS - 4 SP - 1198-1219 SN - 1467-8276 KW - Occupational choice KW - option value of waiting KW - out-farm migration KW - real options KW - threshold models ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying the benefits associated with the use of alternative marketing arrangements by US farmers AU - Hu, Wu-Yueh AU - Phaneuf, Daniel AU - Zheng, Xiaoyong T2 - CHINA AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC REVIEW AB - Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to quantify the benefits to farmers from using alternative marketing arrangements (AMAs) in the USA. The authors first estimate a behavioral model explaining farmers' joint decisions on which commodities to produce and which marketing channels to use when selling their outputs. The authors then use the estimated model to quantify the benefits to farmers from using AMAs. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use the discrete choice random utility maximization model to examine farmers' choices on production regimes, where a regime is defined as a possible combination of all the individual commodity/marketing arrangement channels that the farmer can choose to use. The farmer is assumed to compare the utilities he gets from each of the possible production regimes and then selects the production regime that yields the highest utility to him. The benefit of having access to a particular AMA is measured as the negative of the welfare loss associated with forcing the farmer to abandon that particular AMA. Findings – The results indicate that AMAs yield an economically significant amount of benefits to farmers who rely on them to market their outputs. At the national level, the benefit of using production contracts to hog farmers is valued at $336.4 million. The benefits of using marketing contracts are valued at $374.2, $156.6 and $92.1 million for corn, soybeans and wheat producers. Originality/value – The paper is the first study that uses the farm-level data to study the welfare effects of marketing contracts in the grain sector. The results show that considering a multi-enterprises farm, farmers' welfare loss might be smaller when the hog production contract is no longer existed. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1108/caer-10-2011-0147 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 108-124 SN - 1756-1388 KW - Agricultural marketing KW - Food policy KW - Agricultural policy KW - Alternative marketing arrangements ER - TY - JOUR TI - Monitoring as a partially observable decision problem AU - Fackler, Paul L. AU - Haight, Robert G. T2 - RESOURCE AND ENERGY ECONOMICS AB - Monitoring is an important and costly activity in resource management problems such as containing invasive species, protecting endangered species, preventing soil erosion, and regulating contracts for environmental services. Recent studies have viewed optimal monitoring as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP), which provides a framework for sequential decision making under stochastic resource dynamics and uncertainty about the resource state. We present an overview of the POMDP framework and its applications to resource monitoring. We discuss the concept of the information content provided by monitoring systems and illustrate how information content affects optimal monitoring strategies. Finally, we demonstrate how the timing of monitoring in relation to resource treatment and transition can have substantial effects on optimal monitoring strategies. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1016/j.reseneeco.2013.12.005 VL - 37 SP - 226-241 SN - 1873-0221 KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Dynamic programming KW - Partial observability KW - Value of information KW - POMDP ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global Context, National Interdependencies, and the Ecological Footprint: A Structural Equation Analysis AU - Kick, Edward L. AU - McKinney, Laura A. T2 - SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES AB - This paper develops a theoretical integration and estimates an associated structural equation model of the ecological footprints of nations. The ecological footprint is an approximation of environmental pressure on natural resources that stems from production, consumption, and the resultant disposal of waste. We use structural equation modeling techniques to test an integrative perspective based on direct and indirect effects, taken from human ecology, ecological economics, modernization, and political economy approaches, as well as from the natural sciences. We find evidence for the conjuncture of many of the theories investigated and for contextualizing the footprint in a global network of causes. The model raises questions about conclusions reached in prior analyses based on direct effects only. The significant roles played by natural and economic forces suggest a need to attend to multidisciplinary dynamics. With the exception of “weak sustainability,” the indirect and direct impacts suggest ever-escalating levels of the footprints of nations. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1177/0731121414523568 VL - 57 IS - 2 SP - 256-279 SN - 1533-8673 KW - ecological footprint KW - structural equation model KW - cross-national KW - environment KW - sustainability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Governing urban restructuring with city-building nonprofits AU - Fraser, James C. AU - Kick, Edward L. T2 - ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING A-ECONOMY AND SPACE AB - Urban restructuring efforts aimed at redeveloping inner-city neighborhoods are common across the US. They typically involve coalitions of public and private actors that play complementary roles in promoting investments in locales that have been sites of disinvestment, rendering these geographies ripe for economic development and profitmaking (ie, gentrification). Nonprofits are not generally regarded as central players in these initiatives, although they often serve community-development functions for low-income populations living in impoverished city spaces. In this paper we draw on the concept of the shadow state and Foucault's theory of governmentality to examine a city-building nonprofit created by a public–private growth coalition to execute the redevelopment of urban space and, as an integral part, manage neighborhood resident participation in these efforts. As residents began to see themselves as agents of neighborhood change, they came into conflict with the revitalization objectives of the nonprofit's funders. And, while many residents actively challenged the direction that the neighborhood initiative took in focusing on housing redevelopment for more affluent populations, a core group maintained their commitment to a community building approach toward neighborhood redevelopment. Between 1998 and 2014, during CIC's initiative, over half of the original residents were displaced or left as neighborhood housing values dramatically increased, rendering the area inaccessible for low-income populations. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1068/a46169 VL - 46 IS - 6 SP - 1445-1461 SN - 1472-3409 KW - governmentality KW - shadow state KW - urban restructuring KW - urban governance KW - neighborhood revitalization KW - community building ER - TY - JOUR TI - Demand for functional and nutritional enhancements in specialty milk products AU - Gulseven, Osman AU - Wohlgenant, Michael T2 - APPETITE AB - This article investigates the socio-demographic determinants affecting the demand for functional and nutritional enhancements in milk products based on a two-stage model. In order to derive the implicit market values of these enhancements, first we estimated the relationship between the prices of differentiated dairy products and the amount or respectively the presence of specific characteristics in these products. Next, using these implicit prices along with the information on households' demographic background, we analyzed the socio-demographic factors that affect consumer demand for specific functional and nutritional enhancements. The model is estimated using a combined panel data set based on AC Nielsen Retail Homescan Panel and the USDA Nutrient Database. Our results indicate that being lactose/cholesterol free (LFCF) and organic implies substantially higher price premiums, whereas soy has a negative price. Socio-demographic factors such as income, racial profile, presence of children; education level and age have significant effects on the demand for functional enhancements. Specialty milk consumption increases with age, education, and presence of kids, whereas it declines with income. The ratio of specialty milk consumption to total milk consumption is substantially higher among Hispanic, Asian and African-American households. DA - 2014/10/1/ PY - 2014/10/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.105 VL - 81 SP - 284-294 SN - 1095-8304 KW - Demand for functional enhancements KW - Hedonic nutrition pricing KW - Milk demand KW - Lactose intolerance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Greater Sensitivity to Drought Accompanies Maize Yield Increase in the US Midwest AU - Lobell, David B. AU - Roberts, Michael J. AU - Schlenker, Wolfram AU - Braun, Noah AU - Little, Bertis B. AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. AU - Hammer, Graeme L. T2 - SCIENCE AB - Predicting Responses to Drought The U.S. Corn Belt accounts for a sizeable portion of the world's maize growth. Various influences have increased yields over the years. Lobell et al. (p. 516 ; see the Perspective by Ort and Long ) now show that sensitivity to drought has been increasing as well. It seems that as plants have been bred for increased yield under ideal conditions, the plants become more sensitive to non-ideal conditions. A key factor may be the planting density. Although today's maize varieties are more robust to crowding and the farmer can get more plants in per field, this same crowding takes a toll when water resources are limited. DA - 2014/5/2/ PY - 2014/5/2/ DO - 10.1126/science.1251423 VL - 344 IS - 6183 SP - 516-519 SN - 1095-9203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dynamic multiproduct optimal hedging in the soybean complex - do time-varying correlations provide hedging improvements? AU - Tejeda, Hernan A. AU - Goodwin, Barry K. T2 - APPLIED ECONOMICS AB - Optimal multiproduct time-varying hedge ratios are determined – for a soybean complex – and their risk-mitigating impact is contrasted over single-commodity time-varying and naive hedge ratios. A parsimonious regime-switching dynamic correlation model is employed, with the estimated dynamic correlation matrix among prices varying between two different levels, and the time-varying correlations being applied to the multiproduct setting. Findings obtained are three-fold. First, there is significant evidence that estimated simultaneous correlations among different commodities’ prices (e.g. soybean spot and soybean meal futures) attain different values along the time series. Second, there is a substantial reduction in margin variance provided by the optimal multiproduct time-varying hedge ratios over single time-varying and naive hedge ratios, for both in- and out-of-sample data. Third, average optimal multiproduct time-varying hedge ratios for soybean and soybean meal (0.82 and 0.74, respectively; for out-of-sample data) are significantly below the naive full hedge ratio, providing risk mitigation at lower costs. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1080/00036846.2014.927571 VL - 46 IS - 27 SP - 3312-3322 SN - 1466-4283 KW - multiproduct optimal hedging KW - soybean complex KW - time-varying correlations KW - regime-switching models ER - TY - JOUR TI - Conspicuous conservation: The Prius halo and willingness to pay for environmental bona fides AU - Sexton, Steven E. AU - Sexton, Alison L. T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT AB - This paper develops a theory of conspicuous conservation, a phenomenon related to conspicuous consumption in which individuals seek status through displays of austerity amid growing concern about environmental protection. We identify a statistically and economically significant conspicuous conservation effect in vehicle purchase decisions and estimate a mean willingness to pay for the green signal provided by the distinctively designed Toyota Prius in the range of $430–4200 depending upon the owner's location. Results are related to the growing literature on green markets and suggest that policy should target less conspicuous conservation investments that will be under-provided relative to those that confer a status benefit. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1016/j.jeem.2013.11.004 VL - 67 IS - 3 SP - 303-317 SN - 1096-0449 KW - Conspicuous consumption KW - Signaling KW - Impure public good KW - Green markets KW - Conservation KW - Hybrid ER - TY - JOUR TI - Better the devil you throw: Experience and support for pay-as-you-throw waste charges AU - Brown, Zachary S. AU - Johnstone, Nick T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY AB - Environmental taxes have long been proposed as an efficient means of improving the fiscal solvency of governments, while at the same time correcting for environmental externalities. However, public support for environmental taxes is often low, making the implementation of these instruments politically challenging in some settings. Scholars have explored the reasons for this broad, negative attitude towards environmental taxes, especially since these taxes are by design supposed to be welfare-improving. But previous empirical analysis on this topic is sparse and limited in context. Here, we empirically analyze support for environmental taxes across four countries, using a household survey on environmental attitudes, behaviour and policy exposure conducted by OECD during 2011. The environmental tax we focus on is pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) charges for mixed waste collection. Looking at expressed levels of support for PAYT charges, we find that people who are exposed to such systems tend to be significantly more supportive of them. This indicates that ex ante public resistance to such schemes is likely to dissipate following their introduction, a pattern which is supported by other, anecdotal reports and by lab experiments with generic Pigouvian taxes which we summarize in the literature review. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2013.11.007 VL - 38 SP - 132-142 SN - 1873-6416 KW - Behavioural environmental economics KW - Pay-as-you-throw KW - Pigouvian taxes KW - Political economy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Do lower yielding farmers benefit from Bt corn? Evidence from instrumental variable quantile regressions AU - Sanglestsawai, Santi AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. AU - Yorobe, Jose M. T2 - FOOD POLICY AB - There have been serious questions about whether lower-yielding farmers in developing countries, who are typically poor smallholders, benefit from genetically-modified crops like Bacillus thuringensis (Bt) corn. This article examines this issue by estimating the heterogeneous impacts of Bt corn adoption at different points of the yield distribution using farm-level survey data from the Philippines. A recently developed estimation technique called instrumental variable quantile regression (IVQR) is used to assess the heterogeneous yield effects of Bt corn adoption and at the same time address potential selection bias that usually plague impact assessment of agricultural technologies. We find that the positive yield impact of Bt corn in the Philippines tend to be more strongly felt by farmers at the lower end of the yield distribution. This result suggests that Bt corn could be a “pro-poor” technology since most of the lower-yielding farmers in the Philippines are poor smallholders with low incomes. DA - 2014/2// PY - 2014/2// DO - 10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.09.011 VL - 44 SP - 285-296 SN - 1873-5657 KW - Quantile regression KW - Instrumental variables KW - GM crop KW - Bt corn KW - Selection bias KW - Yield impact KW - The Philippines ER - TY - JOUR TI - Economic effects of proposed changes in living conditions for laying hens under the National Organic Program AU - Vukina, Tomislav AU - Anderson, Kenneth AU - Muth, Mary K. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH AB - In this paper, we estimate the costs and benefits of implementing the proposed National Organic Program for laying hens compared with alternatives. For the regulatory proposals under option 2, the regulatory cost will be zero because most producers are already in compliance with the proposed regulation. The anticipated benefits of this regulation will be zero as well, because the current market prices already reflect consumers’ willingness to pay for the existing animal welfare conditions. For the regulatory proposals under option 3, before market adjustments, the average regulatory burden for the entire organic egg industry will amount to $0.09 per dozen eggs, with extreme variations between $0 for small operations and $2.30 per dozen for large operations. If we rely on the average price of organic eggs, $2.69 per dozen, and assume a maximum estimated benefit associated with improved animal welfare conditions, that consumers would be willing to pay of about 30% above the current market price, the estimated benefit of regulation amounts to $0.81 per dozen eggs. Based on the findings, we conclude that option 2 is welfare neutral and could be easily adopted because it already has been adopted by representative producers. For option 3, the benefit-cost ratio is larger than 1, which indicates that the proposal passes the benefit-cost ratio test. The obtained result, however, has to be interpreted with serious reservation because of the differential effect that the proposed regulation would have on different industry participants. Under option 3, the effect of the proposed changes on small organic egg producers is negligible because most small producers are operating under conditions similar to the proposed living standards. However, costs will increase substantially for large organic egg producers and likely cause a substantial number of producers to exit organic production and switch to conventional production, which would cause a substantial decline in the prices of conventional eggs and organic feed in the short run. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.3382/japr.2013-00834 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 80-93 SN - 1537-0437 KW - organic KW - poultry KW - egg KW - living conditions KW - benefit-cost analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Combining expert elicitation and stated preference methods to value ecosystem services from improved lake water quality AU - Van Houtven, George AU - Mansfield, Carol AU - Phaneuf, Daniel J. AU - Haefen, Roger AU - Milstead, Bryan AU - Kenney, Melissa A. AU - Reckhow, Kenneth H. T2 - ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS AB - With increasing attention on the contribution of ecosystems to human well-being, there is a need for tools that integrate ecological and economic models for valuing ecosystem services. To address this, we develop a protocol for linking ecological processes and outcomes to human preferences, which combines environmental modeling, expert elicitation, and nonmarket valuation methods. Our application values reductions in nutrient loads to lakes in the southeastern US. The innovation centers on how biochemical measures of water quality (e.g., chlorophyll a) are translated into terms that are meaningful to individuals who derive ecosystem services from them. Using expert elicitation data, we estimate a model linking changes in biochemical measures to an index of eutrophication in lakes. We then develop a stated preference survey including (a) detailed descriptions of the perceptible outcomes – e.g., water color, clarity – associated each eutrophication index level; and (b) policy scenarios involving state-level changes in lake eutrophication conditions. We estimate a function that predicts households' willingness to pay for changes in lake water quality. We demonstrate the protocol through a case study examining the benefits of lake quality improvement in Virginia as a result of recent policies to reduce nutrient loads in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.12.018 VL - 99 SP - 40-52 SN - 1873-6106 KW - Ecosystem services valuation KW - Water quality KW - Expert elicitation KW - Stated preference KW - Water quality modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Timing of precision agriculture technology adoption in US cotton production AU - Watcharaanantapong, Pattarawan AU - Roberts, Roland K. AU - Lambert, Dayton M. AU - Larson, James A. AU - Velandia, Margarita AU - English, Burton C. AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. AU - Wang, Chenggang T2 - PRECISION AGRICULTURE DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1007/s11119-013-9338-1 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 427-446 SN - 1573-1618 KW - Precision agriculture KW - Yield monitors KW - Remote sensing KW - Grid soil sampling KW - Timing of adoption KW - Multivariate Tobit ER - TY - JOUR TI - Proposed changes in living conditions for broilers under the National Organic Program will have limited economic effects AU - Vukina, Tomislav AU - Anderson, Kenneth AU - Muth, Mary K. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH AB - In the current paper, we estimate the costs and benefits of implementing the proposed rule for changes in living conditions for organic broilers. In contrast to the effects of the proposed rule for changes in living conditions for laying hens, the effects of the rule on organic broilers is anticipated to be relatively limited. All producers are already in compliance with option 2 of the rule, and changes required under option 3 are minimal for most producers. Using the per-farm estimated regulatory costs and the estimates of production volumes and actual prices, the total estimated annual industry cost under option 3 is $2.4 million, which represents 0.1% of total industry revenue. The estimated benefits associated with this type of perceived animal welfare improvement are high enough to cover the anticipated cost, and the proposed option easily passes the benefit-to-cost ratio test. DA - 2014/6// PY - 2014/6// DO - 10.3382/japr.2013-00896 VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 233-243 SN - 1537-0437 KW - organic KW - broiler KW - living conditions KW - benefit-cost analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Agricultural Biotechnology: The Promise and Prospects of Genetically Modified Crops AU - Barrows, Geoffrey AU - Sexton, Steven AU - Zilberman, David T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AB - For millennia, humans have modified plant genes in order to develop crops best suited for food, fiber, feed, and energy production. Conventional plant breeding remains inherently random and slow, constrained by the availability of desirable traits in closely related plant species. In contrast, agricultural biotechnology employs the modern tools of genetic engineering to reduce uncertainty and breeding time and to transfer traits from more distantly related plants. Critics express concerns that the technology imposes negative environmental effects and jeopardizes the health of those who consume the “frankenfoods.” Supporters emphasize potential gains from boosting output and lowering food prices for consumers. They argue that such gains are achieved contemporaneous with the adoption of farming practices that lower agrochemical use and lessen soil. The extensive experience with agricultural biotechnology since 1996 provides ample evidence with which to test the claims of supporters and opponents and to evaluate the prospects of genetic crop engineering. In this paper, we begin with an overview of the adoption of the first generation of agricultural biotechnology crops. We then look at the evidence on the effects of these crops: on output and prices, on the environment, and on consumer health. Finally, we consider intellectual property issues surrounding this new technology. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1257/jep.28.1.99 VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 99-119 SN - 1944-7965 ER - TY - JOUR TI - effect of conservation priority areas on bidding behavior in the conservation reserve program AU - Jacobs, K. L. AU - Thurman, W. N. AU - Marra, M. C. T2 - Land Economics AB - We explore how a landowner’s bid to enroll in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is influenced by his parcel’s designation as a Conservation Priority Area (CPA). A theoretical model of a landowner’s optimal bid is presented, and we demonstrate the ambiguity in a landowner’s optimal bid response to CPA designations. The bid choice is analyzed using a data set of accepted and unaccepted offers during three CRP sign-up periods. We focus empirically on a subset of offers from the Prairie Pothole CPA to identify whether bid responses to exogenous location factors differ across landowners with varying opportunity costs to enrollment. (JEL Q15, Q18) DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.3368/le.90.1.1 VL - 90 IS - 1 SP - 1-25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is Timber Insurable? A Study of Wildfire Risks in the U.S. Forest Sector Using Spatio-Temporal Models AU - Chen, Xuan AU - Goodwin, Barry K. AU - Prestemon, Jeffrey P. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB - Abstract In the U.S. forest products industry, wildfire is one of the leading causes of damage and economic losses. While individual wildfire behavior is well studied, new literature is emerging on broad‐scale (e.g., county‐level) wildfire risks. Our paper studies wildfire risks using crucial informational variables across both spatial units and time periods. Several statistical models are used to quantify the risks. We develop several maximum likelihood estimation methods to account for spatio‐temporal auto‐correlation in conditional risks. A group index insurance scheme is proposed, and its associated actuarially fair premium rates are estimated and presented. Implications for wildfire management policies are also discussed. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1093/ajae/aat087 VL - 96 IS - 1 SP - 213-231 SN - 1467-8276 KW - wildfire KW - index insurance KW - spatio-temporal correlation KW - G22 KW - Q23 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Addressing structural and observational uncertainty in resource management AU - Fackler, Paul AU - Pacifici, Krishna T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB - Most natural resource management and conservation problems are plagued with high levels of uncertainties, which make good decision making difficult. Although some kinds of uncertainties are easily incorporated into decision making, two types of uncertainty present more formidable difficulties. The first, structural uncertainty, represents our imperfect knowledge about how a managed system behaves. The second, observational uncertainty, arises because the state of the system must be inferred from imperfect monitoring systems. The former type of uncertainty has been addressed in ecology using Adaptive Management (AM) and the latter using the Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) framework. Here we present a unifying framework that extends standard POMDPs and encompasses both standard POMDPs and AM. The approach allows any system variable to be observed or not observed and uses any relevant observed variable to update beliefs about unknown variables and parameters. This extends standard AM, which only uses realizations of the state variable to update beliefs and extends standard POMDP by allowing more general stochastic dependence among the observable variables and the state variables. This framework enables both structural and observational uncertainty to be simultaneously modeled. We illustrate the features of the extended POMDP framework with an example. DA - 2014/1/15/ PY - 2014/1/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.004 VL - 133 SP - 27-36 SN - 1095-8630 KW - Adaptive management KW - Natural resources KW - Partial observability KW - Partially observable Markov decision process KW - Structural uncertainty ER -