TY - CONF TI - Assessing the Role of Estates on Smallholder Household Labor Allocation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Malawi AU - Edobor, Edeoba W. T2 - 2022 Agricultural & Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting C2 - 2022/// C3 - 2022 Agricultural & Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting CY - Anaheim, CA DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/7/31/ UR - https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/322345/files/24158.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - statacons: An SCons-Based Build Tool for Stata AU - Guiteras, Raymond AU - Kim, Ahnjeong AU - Quistorff, Brian AU - Shumway, Clayson AB - This paper presents statacons, an SCons-based build tool for Stata. Because of the integration of Stata and Python in recent versions of Stata, we are able to adapt SCons for Stata workflows without the use of an external shell or extensive configuration. We discuss the usefulness of build tools generally, provide examples of the use of statacons in Stata workflows, present key elements of the syntax of statacons, and discuss extensions, alternatives, and limitations. Appendices provide installation instructions and recommendations for collaborative workflows. DA - 2022/1/15/ PY - 2022/1/15/ DO - 10.31222/osf.io/qesx6 UR - https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/qesx6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Crop yield and estimated financial return from subsurface drip irrigation for corn, cotton, and peanut over the life of the system AU - Jordan, David AU - Wells, Randy AU - Washburn, Derek AU - Barnes, Steve AU - Corbett, Tommy T2 - CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT AB - Core Ideas Subsurface drip irrigation increased corn, cotton, and peanut yield in some (not all) years. Financial returns over the irrigation system's life did not differ from dryland production. Subsurface irrigation supports economic viability some years but not over the system's life. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1002/cft2.20167 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - SN - 2374-3832 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Risk effects of GM corn: Evidence from crop insurance outcomes and high-dimensional methods AU - Aglasan, Serkan AU - Goodwin, Barry K. AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. T2 - AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB - Abstract This study evaluates whether genetically modified (GM) corn hybrids with rootworm resistant traits (GM‐RW) have lower yield risk. A crop insurance actuarial performance measure, the loss cost ratio (LCR), is used to represent yield risk. High‐dimensional methods are utilized in this study to maintain parsimony in the empirical specification, and facilitate estimation. Specifically, we employ the Cluster‐Lasso (cluster‐least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) procedure. This method produces uniformly valid inference on the main variable of interest (i.e., the GM‐RW variable) in a high‐dimensional panel data setting even in the presence of heteroskedastic, non‐Gaussian, and clustered error structures. After controlling for a large set of potential weather confounders using Cluster‐Lasso, we find consistent evidence that GM corn hybrids with rootworm resistant traits have lower yield risk. DA - 2022/12/30/ PY - 2022/12/30/ DO - 10.1111/agec.12757 SP - SN - 1574-0862 KW - cluster-lasso KW - genetically modified corn KW - high-dimensional weather variables KW - post-double-selection KW - yield risk ER - TY - JOUR TI - The of cover on soil erosion in the US Midwest AU - Chen, Le AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. AU - Aglasan, Serkan AU - Hagen, Stephen C. AU - Salas, William T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AB - This study examines the impact of cover crop adoption on soil erosion levels in the United States (US) Midwest. Based on a novel county-level panel data set with information on soil erosion levels and remotely-sensed cover crop acreage, we estimate linear panel fixed effect econometric models and conduct a number of robustness checks to investigate the direct impact of cover crops on two major types of soil erosion (wind and water erosion). Although we find that counties with higher cover crop acreage have statistically lower soil erosion levels due to water, wind, or both, we believe that the magnitudes of the estimated effects are modest. Longer-term multi-year use of cover crops also do not seem to increase the soil erosion reducing effects of cover crops over time. Results from the empirical analysis provide further empirical evidence on the impact of cover crops on soil erosion based on data that captures farmer behavior at the county-level and covers a wider geographical region in the US. Our findings also give insights to policy makers in terms of further understanding the magnitude of the soil erosion benefits from cover crops. DA - 2022/12/15/ PY - 2022/12/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116168 VL - 324 SP - SN - 1095-8630 KW - Soil erosion KW - Cover crops KW - Panel data KW - Fixed effects ER - TY - JOUR TI - Generalizing the General: generalizing the CES production function to allow for the viability of input thresholds AU - Zeytoon-Nejad, Ali AU - Goodwin, Barry K. AU - Ghosh, Sujit T2 - APPLIED ECONOMICS AB - The original specification of the Constant-Elasticity-of-Substitution (CES) production function introduced by Arrow, Chenery, Minhas, and Solow is considered to be a general production specification that nests multiple types of production functions, i.e. Leontief, Cobb-Douglas, and linear. However, even this general specification of production functions is restrictive in several ways. This paper proposes a generalized variant of the CES production function that allows for the inclusion of the minimum required levels of inputs. Not allowing for this potential attribute is, in fact, one shortcoming of the original CES production-function specification, which in turn could result in misleading conclusions about essential levels of inputs. Accordingly, a solution is proposed to overcome the mentioned shortcoming. Input thresholds are incorporated in the CES production specification, and empirical applications are provided for irrigation and nitrogen. To illustrate the proposed approach in this paper, two empirical applications in irrigation and fertilizer response using the famous Hexem-Heady experimental dataset as well as several datasets produced using Monte-Carlo experiments with different data-generating processes are provided. Finally, implications for modelling input thresholds are considered and discussed. DA - 2022/10/29/ PY - 2022/10/29/ DO - 10.1080/00036846.2022.2128294 SP - SN - 1466-4283 KW - Constant easticity of substitution KW - production function KW - input threshold requirements KW - agricultural production ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dynamic Relationship between Agricultural Technology Progress, Agricultural Insurance and Farmers' Income AU - Tan, Caifeng AU - Tao, Jianping AU - Yi, Lan AU - He, Juan AU - Huang, Qi T2 - AGRICULTURE-BASEL AB - The implementation of the agricultural insurance policy and advancement of agricultural technology has great significance for the development of the agricultural economy of China, and it is an important source of national stability and modernization and development of the agriculture sector. Agricultural insurance policy uses the expansion of agricultural technology progress in the process of evaluation, investigation and claims settlement, and so on. Agricultural technology progress is effective in the reduction of some agricultural risks, it also affects farmers’ agricultural insurance behaviors, and optimizes the operating environment of agricultural insurance. The objective of this research is to explore the relationship between agricultural technology progress, agricultural insurance and farmers’ income. It also explains the mutual/cooperative relationship between agricultural technology progress and agricultural insurance. It provides the theoretical basis and data support to verify the promotion effect of agricultural insurance and agricultural technology progress on farmers’ income. This gives the improvement path for alleviating the spatial imbalance of China’s agricultural development. Keeping in view the aforementioned background and this research explores the effects of agricultural technological progress and agricultural insurance on the farmers’ income level. The panel data used for this research were from 2004 to 2019 and were grouped into two parts: high-density agricultural insurance areas and low-density agricultural insurance areas. The relationship between agricultural technology progress, agricultural insurance and farmers’ income was estimated using the Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) model. The results revealed that: (i) both agricultural technology progress and agricultural insurance have a positive effect on the farmers’ income level, but this effect varies across regions; (ii) impact of the agricultural insurance on farmers’ income is greater than the impact of agricultural technology progress on farmers’ income; and (iii) the role of agricultural insurance in promoting agricultural technology progress exists only in areas with high-density agricultural insurance. Therefore, when formulating policies, the policymakers should consider regional differences and characteristics, and adopt development models keeping in view regional variations in adaptability with different agricultural insurance densities, Moreover, they should improve agricultural security policies, optimize agricultural capital allocation, promote the transformation of the agricultural economy from extensional growth to connotative growth, and further improve the agricultural productive income of rural residents. DA - 2022/9// PY - 2022/9// DO - 10.3390/agriculture12091331 VL - 12 IS - 9 SP - SN - 2077-0472 KW - agricultural technology progress KW - agricultural insurance KW - farmers' income KW - PVAR ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating Parental Demand for Children's Screen Time in a Model of Family Labor Supply AU - Oh, Sohae Eve AU - Vukina, Tomislav T2 - INTERNATIONAL ADVANCES IN ECONOMIC RESEARCH AB - In a novel approach to model the demand for the children's screen time as the result of a parent's optimal labor-leisure choice, the study used a simple model of parental utility maximization subject to the money and time budget constraints to derive Marshallian parental demand functions for two types of child upbringing activities: time-intensive (violin lesson) and time-saving (video games). After the Slutsky decomposition, parental demand for children's screen time was shown to be similar to a Giffen good. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development data, the wage equation was first estimated based on Heckman’s two-step correction procedure. Then, the total effect of an increase in wage rate on the parental demand for screen time was empirically decomposed into the substitution effect and the income effect. The study findings indicate that the substitution effect is positive, the income effect is negative, and the negative income effect dominates the substitution effect. We add to the existing literature by showing that the empirical findings in the public health and psychology literature can be reconciled with the theoretical predictions of the standard economic labor-leisure trade-off paradigm. DA - 2022/9/13/ PY - 2022/9/13/ DO - 10.1007/s11294-022-09854-7 SP - SN - 1573-966X KW - Parenting KW - Labor-leisure trade-off KW - Giffen good ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heterogeneous Impact of Social Integration on the Health of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China AU - Lu, Haiyang AU - Kandilov, Ivan T. AU - Nie, Peng T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH AB - Background: While several studies have found that lower levels of social integration may lead to a deterioration in the health status of migrants, previous research on the nexus between social integration and health has generally ignored the potential endogeneity of social integration. This paper examines the heterogeneous impact of social integration on the health of rural-to-urban migrants in China by exploiting plausibly exogenous, long-term, geographic variation in dialectal diversity. Methods: Drawing on nationally representative data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (n = 117,446), we first regressed self-reported health on social integration using ordinary least squares estimation and then used an ordered probit model as a robustness check. Additionally, to rule out the potential endogeneity of social integration, we relied mainly on an instrumental variable approach and used dialectal diversity as a source of exogenous variation for social integration. Results: We found that social integration has a significant positive impact on rural-to-urban migrants’ health. We also detected considerable heterogeneity in the effects of social integration across gender, generation, and wage levels: the health status of women, more recent generation migrants, and migrants with wages in the middle of wage distribution are more likely to be affected by social integration. Conclusions: We confirmed the beneficial impact of social integration on migrants’ health, which has some important policy implications. Successful migration policies should take the fundamental issue of migrants’ social integration into account. DA - 2022/8// PY - 2022/8// DO - 10.3390/ijerph19169999 VL - 19 IS - 16 SP - SN - 1660-4601 KW - social integration KW - health KW - dialectal diversity KW - internal migration KW - China KW - heterogeneous effects ER - TY - JOUR TI - The spy who dined well: James Bond and the real cost of fine dining AU - Weiss, Thomas J. AU - Craig, Lee A. AU - Treme, Julianne T2 - APPLIED ECONOMICS AB - We constructed a time series of menu prices for the identifiable restaurants at which James Bond dined in France that yields one of the few international price series representing luxury services. We also compiled a time series on the salary of workers in the British Civil Service at Grade 7, like Bond, from 1953 to 2019. Our results indicate that French restaurant prices increased faster than Grade 7 salaries over the entire period and changes in the British exchange rate were not favourable for Bond. To dine weekly in France, during the 1950s and 1960s, Bond would have spent 18% of his salary; whereas over the course of the Euro era the same basket of luxury services would have required on average 26% of his salary. DA - 2022/8/19/ PY - 2022/8/19/ DO - 10.1080/00036846.2022.2091108 SP - SN - 1466-4283 KW - Tourism economics KW - business history KW - entertainment KW - media KW - economic history ER - TY - JOUR TI - The impact of no-till on agricultural land values in the United States Midwest AU - Chen, Le AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. AU - Aglasan, Serkan AU - Hagen, Stephen AU - Salas, William T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB - Abstract This study investigates the impact of no‐till practice on agricultural land values in the United States (US) Midwest. Two county‐level panel data sets—the agricultural census farmland value data and the Iowa Farmland Values Survey data—are separately merged with a novel satellite‐based data set on no‐till adoption rates to achieve the study objective. Based on linear fixed effect econometric models, recently developed “external‐instrument‐free” estimation procedures, and a number of robustness checks, we find that increasing no‐till adoption rates has a statistically significant positive effect on agricultural land values at the county level. Results from the empirical analysis support the notion that economic and environmental benefits from adopting soil conservation practices, such as no‐till, are likely capitalized into higher farmland values. DA - 2022/8/3/ PY - 2022/8/3/ DO - 10.1111/ajae.12338 SP - SN - 1467-8276 KW - agricultural land values KW - fixed effects KW - no-till KW - panel data ER - TY - JOUR TI - The international trade of US organic agri-food products: export opportunities, import competition and policy impacts AU - Boys, Kathryn A. AU - Zhang, Siqi AU - Hooker, Neal H. T2 - RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS AB - Abstract International markets are an important destination and source of U.S. organic agri-food products. This paper offers new insights concerning the current status and trends of U.S. organic imports and exports U.S. policies relevant to the international trade of U.S. organic agri-food products are described, characterizing specific products and partners. In addition, the impact of organic equivalency agreements (OEAs), which the U.S. has signed with Canada, the EU, Japan, South Korea and Switzerland, are examined to determine the extent to which they facilitate trade. Using highly disaggregated international trade data (HS-10) from the U.S. International Trade Commission and Statistics Canada, this analysis finds that fresh agricultural products dominate both U.S. exports and imports. Between 2017 and 2019, apples grapes, strawberries and spinach were the predominant fresh exports, while tomato sauces, vinegar and roasted coffee are the most exported processed food products. A significant majority of these exports are destined for Canada and Mexico. The most imported organic agri-food products include unroasted coffee, bananas, olive oil and soybeans. There is much more diversity in the country of origin of these imports with Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Spain and Argentina among the major organic food suppliers to the U.S. OEAs allow for mutual recognition of national organic standards between countries. This analysis finds that, while, in aggregate, OEAs were not found to impact U.S. organic imports or exports, results evaluating individual agreements do suggest that they can be effective trade policy instruments. In particular, the U.S.–Canada and the U.S.–Switzerland OEAs were found to be effective in facilitating U.S. exports. Taken together these findings offer important insights into current trade patterns, and U.S. international market and organic policy opportunities. DA - 2022/8/12/ PY - 2022/8/12/ DO - 10.1017/S1742170522000163 VL - 8 SP - SN - 1742-1713 UR - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170522000163 KW - Agri-food products KW - equivalency agreements KW - international trade KW - organic ER - TY - JOUR TI - Distributional Effects of Entry Fees and Taxation for Public Beaches AU - Lupi, Frank AU - Haefen, Roger H. AU - Cheng, Li T2 - LAND ECONOMICS AB - We use a multisite general population demand model to assess welfare and distributional effects of entrance pricing and taxation to finance Great Lakes beach management. We compare revenue resulting from uniform entry (i.e., gate) fees across sites to additional state income tax generating equivalent revenues. We present empirical demand elasticities with respect to total prices, including entry fees and elasticities with respect only to fees. We find that demand is price elastic for total trips and individual sites, with individual sites being significantly more elastic. Over a broad range of entry fees, total trip and site demands are fee elastic. DA - 2022/8// PY - 2022/8// DO - 10.3368/le.98.3.083121-0105 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 509-519 SN - 1543-8325 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How Does Congestion Affect the Evaluation of Recreational Gate Fees? An Application to Gulf Coast Beaches AU - Haefen, Roger H. AU - Lupi, Frank T2 - LAND ECONOMICS AB - We investigate how congestion influences the welfare, revenue-raising, and distributional implications of gate fees at outdoor recreational sites. A simple conceptual framework decomposes the effects of gate fees into three components, which are then quantified in an application to Gulf Coast beaches. Simulation results suggest that when congestion is a disamenity, the deadweight loss from gate fees declines, the revenue raised grows, and leakage to untaxed sites is less. Congestion feedbacks do not substantively change our distributional analysis, which implies that gate fees are regressive, do not disproportionately affect minorities, and privilege local recreators at the expense of overnight visitors. DA - 2022/8// PY - 2022/8// DO - 10.3368/le.98.3.082721-0102 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 495-508 SN - 1543-8325 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing returns to research investments in rice varietal development: Evidence from the Philippines and Bangladesh AU - Dikitanan, Rowell C. AU - Pede, Valerien O. AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. AU - Bhandari, Humnath AU - Alam, G. M. Monirul AU - Andrade, Robert S. T2 - GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT AB - •This study estimates economic returns to investments in rice varietal development in the Philippines and Bangladesh.•The net returns to IRRI and national partners' investments remain strongly positive.•However, the returns are decreasing at a faster rate in the Philippines (24%) than in Bangladesh (6%).•IRRI and national partners should continue investing in rice R&D, especially to develop superior rice varieties. DA - 2022/6// PY - 2022/6// DO - 10.1016/j.gfs.2022.100646 VL - 33 SP - SN - 2211-9124 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perceptions of upward social mobility and life satisfaction in China: the moderating role of Internet use AU - Lu, Haiyang AU - Kandilov, Ivan T. T2 - SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL AB - Since Sorokin’s seminal work, numerous studies have examined the correlation between upward social mobility and subjective well-being, and they have generated mixed results. One commonality of the existing studies is that most of them have not taken endogeneity issues into account. We exploit plausibly exogenous, within-province, cross-cohort variation in peers to deal with the selection into perceptions of upward social mobility (PUSM). Using nationally representative data from the 2019 Chinese Social Survey, we find that PUSM has a significant positive impact on life satisfaction. An investigation into the mechanisms reveals that PUSM leads to an increased perception of social fairness and political trust. As a unique contribution, we also investigate the moderating role of Internet use, and find that while Internet use significantly attenuates the positive impact of PUSM on life satisfaction, this moderating effect manifests primarily among males, urban residents, and younger adults. Last, the sensitivity analysis using a bounding approach suggests that our main results are robust to the potential selection on unobserved factors. DA - 2022/6/26/ PY - 2022/6/26/ DO - 10.1080/03623319.2022.2087452 SP - SN - 1873-5355 KW - Social mobility KW - Life satisfaction KW - Internet use KW - Moderating effect KW - Digital China ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Impact of Property Rights to Fish on Remote Communities in Alaska AU - Sutherland, Sara A. AU - Edwards, Eric C. T2 - LAND ECONOMICS AB - Sara A. Sutherland, Lecturer Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; sara.sutherland{at}duke.edu DA - 2022/5// PY - 2022/5// DO - 10.3368/le.98.2.061520-0087R1 VL - 98 IS - 2 SP - 239-253 SN - 1543-8325 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Self-Employment and Migration: Evidence from Mexico AU - A. L. E. J. A. N. D. R. O. GUTIERREZ-LI, T2 - AEA PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS AB - Mexico has one of the highest self-employment rates in the OECD. I study the relationship between business ownership and migration from Mexico to the United States using longitudinal data from the Mexican Migration Project (MMP). I find that the self-employed have a substantially lower probability of moving north, either legally or illegally. Although running a business could allow a person to finance a costly trip to the US, it also raises the opportunity costs of leaving and the nonpecuniary benefits of staying at home. The findings highlight the role of self-employment in a developing country in the likelihood of emigration. DA - 2022/5// PY - 2022/5// DO - 10.1257/pandp.20221112 VL - 112 SP - 361-365 SN - 2574-0776 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Distributional policy impacts, WTP-WTA disparities, and the Kaldor-Hicks tests in benefit-cost analysis AU - Brown, Zachary Steven T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT AB - I examine how inequality in the distribution of income and a quasi-fixed good (e.g. environmental quality) can affect the disparity between aggregate willingness to accept (WTA) and willingness to pay (WTP) for policies that induce joint, nonmarginal and heterogeneous changes to income and the quasi-fixed good. These disparities can generate divergent conclusions from benefit-cost analysis (BCA). With Cobb-Douglas preferences, I show that greater inequality in policy impacts to the quasi-fixed good generally increases the range of conflicting conclusions from BCA using the Kaldor criterion (compensating variation) versus the Hicks criterion (equivalent variation). In two examples, I show that for any set of impacts to the quasi-fixed good there exists a degree of inequality in which the Kaldor-Hicks tests disagree. This disagreement arises because, with inequality, seemingly marginal policy changes can become nonmarginal when concentrated among marginalized or privileged groups, which can widen the gap between aggregate WTP and WTA. With CES preferences, when the goods are complements, WTA may be infinite, and when they are substitutes, budget constraints attenuate WTP: Both effects push the Kaldor-Hicks tests in opposing directions. I conclude that greater inequality increases the relevance of questioning whether to elicit WTP or WTA in nonmarket valuation for BCA. DA - 2022/5// PY - 2022/5// DO - 10.1016/j.jeem.2022.102654 VL - 113 SP - SN - 1096-0449 KW - Inequality KW - Benefit-cost analysis KW - Equivalent variation KW - Compensating variation KW - WTPWTA disparities ER - TY - JOUR TI - Willingness-to-Pay for Produce: A Meta-Regression Analysis Comparing the Stated Preferences of Producers and Consumers AU - Kilduff, Alice AU - Tregeagle, Daniel T2 - HORTICULTURAE AB - Willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates help agribusinesses estimate whether a new product is likely to be profitable. For produce, new products, such as new fruit varieties, need to be adopted by producers before they can be sold to consumers. The study of ex ante fruit and vegetable producer preferences is relatively new. This study uses meta-regression analysis to compare the estimated WTP premium between U.S. producers and consumers to determine whether they differ. After controlling for differences in study methods, product attributes, and potential publication bias, the producer WTP was between 14.16 and 27.73 percentage points higher. Subject to several caveats and limitations, this suggests that consumer WTP can be a sufficient metric for the profitability of new produce products. DA - 2022/4// PY - 2022/4// DO - 10.3390/horticulturae8040290 VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - SN - 2311-7524 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040290 KW - produce KW - economics KW - willingness-to-pay KW - product adoption KW - meta-regression analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Risk Tool and Production Log Created using Microsoft Excel to Manage Pests in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) AU - Jordan, David L. AU - Buol, Greg S. AU - Brandenburg, Rick L. AU - Shew, Barbara B. AU - Wilkerson, Gail G. AU - Lassiter, Bridget R. AU - Dunne, Jeff AU - Gorny, Adrienne AU - Washburn, Derek AU - Hoisington, David AU - Rhoads, James T2 - JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT AB - Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growers and their advisors need to address a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses to maximize yield and financial return. Mitigating risk to yield and financial investment requires knowledge of interactions among pests and strategies to manage pests, including chemical inputs, crop rotation, cultivar selection, field pest history, planting pattern and population, planting date, and tillage systems. Using Microsoft Excel, a comprehensive peanut risk tool was developed to assist growers and advisors in identifying and selecting production strategies to minimize risk to yield based on empirical data and practical experience while providing cost estimates of production practices. Initially, the risk tool was developed for North Carolina (USA) peanut production. However, the current platform is designed to facilitate the development of similar tools for other USA peanut regions, peanut production systems in other countries, and with the capability to develop risk tools for other crops. This article discusses components of the risk management tool developed for North Carolina peanut production. Benefits of the risk tool to practitioners, extension services, genetics and breeding programs, and formal classroom instruction will be discussed. One goal of this paper is to provide an example of how the Microsoft Excel framework used for peanut in North Carolina can be used for peanut in other regions of the USA and other countries. DA - 2022/1/1/ PY - 2022/1/1/ DO - 10.1093/jipm/pmac006 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2155-7470 KW - agronomy KW - crop rotation KW - cultivar resistance KW - decision tool KW - IPM-Agriculture KW - pesticides ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impacts of climate and weather on irrigation technology adoption and agricultural water use in the US pacific northwest AU - Shi, Jian AU - Wu, JunJie AU - Olen, Beau T2 - AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB - Abstract In this article, we model long‐run responses to climate expectations that are predetermined before the growing season and short‐run responses to weather realizations during the growing season. The model is applied to a climatically diverse region, the U.S. Pacific Northwest, and the most comprehensive dataset on irrigation in the United States to estimate the impact of extreme weather on irrigation technology adoption and agricultural water use. Impacts on agricultural water use were driven more by adjustments to irrigated acreage (extensive margin effects) than by adjustments to the water application rate (intensive margin effects). The model captures the two mechanisms for irrigation to mitigate freeze damage to crops: wetting the soil (heat retention) and over‐head sprinkler irrigation (latent heat). Realized late spring freeze caused water use for orchard/vineyard to increase by 3%, but this represents less than a 1% increase in total agricultural water use. Expected spring freeze variability encouraged adoption of sprinkler irrigation technology for some crops. DA - 2022/3/14/ PY - 2022/3/14/ DO - 10.1111/agec.12705 SP - SN - 1574-0862 KW - agricultural water use KW - extreme weather KW - technology adoption ER - TY - JOUR TI - Challenges and opportunities for agroforestry practitioners to participate in state preferential property tax programs for agriculture and forestry AU - Chizmar, Stephanie AU - Parajuli, Rajan AU - Frey, Gregory E. AU - Bardon, Robert E. AU - Branan, Robert Andrew AU - MacFarland, Katherine AU - Smith, Matthew AU - Ameyaw, Lord T2 - TREES FORESTS AND PEOPLE AB - All 50 states offer preferential property tax programs that lower the taxes paid on enrolled agricultural and/or forest lands. While agroforestry is a land-use that combines elements of both agriculture and forestry, eligibility criteria and other rules and regulations may prevent landowners from enrolling agroforestry practices in one or more of the agricultural and forestry tax programs. This pilot-scale study developed conceptual and methodological frameworks to identify the current barriers to and opportunities in preferential tax policies applicable to agroforestry practices. We conducted an extensive review of state preferential property tax programs relevant for agroforestry practices, following focus group discussions with regional experts in five selected states across the United States: North Carolina, Nebraska, Wisconsin, New York, and Oregon. Based on a systematic review of statutes and their supporting documents, we developed a database of programs, which support or create barriers to enrollment of agroforestry practitioners into the programs. We found that agricultural tax assessments were more likely to favor multi-use agriculture and forestry systems than the preferential tax assessments of forestlands in the five states. Forest farming and silvopasture, followed by alley cropping, windbreaks, and riparian forest buffers, were found to be the most common agroforestry practices allowed under preferential tax classifications in the study states. This study provides a framework for cataloging and analyzing preferential property tax-programs to document barriers and facilitators to agroforestry practices in the United States. DA - 2022/3// PY - 2022/3// DO - 10.1016/j.tfp.2021.100176 VL - 7 SP - SN - 2666-7193 KW - Agroforestry practices KW - Agroforestry economics KW - Landowner incentives KW - Natural resource policy KW - Preferential property tax programs ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does social integration matter for cohort differences in the political participation of internal migrants in China? AU - Lu, Haiyang AU - Kandilov, Ivan T. AU - Zhu, Rong T2 - REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AB - Abstract Using nationally representative data from the 2017 National Internal Migrants Dynamic Monitoring Survey, this paper examines the nexus between social integration and the political participation of internal migrants in China. We document a positive association between social integration status and internal migrants’ political participation. The study further examines the political participation differentials from two perspectives: between migration types and between migration distances. Our Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis suggests that while only about 5.2% of the political participation differential between urban‐to‐urban migrants and rural‐to‐urban migrants is attributable to the difference in social integration status, the difference in social integration status explains about 12.0% of the participation gap between intra‐provincial migrants and inter‐provincial migrants. Our findings suggest that regionally diverse social integration policies may have unintended consequences for the political participation of migrant workers in China. DA - 2022/3/16/ PY - 2022/3/16/ DO - 10.1111/rode.12879 SP - SN - 1467-9361 KW - China KW - internal migrants KW - migration distance KW - political participation KW - social integration ER - TY - JOUR TI - Payments from agricultural conservation programs and cover crop adoption AU - Park, Byungyul AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. AU - Aglasan, Serkan AU - Che, Yuyuan AU - Hagen, Stephen C. AU - Salas, William T2 - APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY AB - Abstract This study explores how aggregate payments received from two different U.S. agricultural conservation programs—the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP)—influence county‐level cover crop adoption rates in the Corn Belt. We utilize 2006–2015 county‐level panel data with information on cover crop adoption rates and per acre conservation program payments to achieve the study objective. Cover crop adoption information is collected from a unique satellite‐based data set of soil health practices. Linear fixed effect models, fractional regression models, and a moment‐based instrumental variables model are used in the empirical analysis. Our estimation results suggest that EQIP payments have a statistically significant positive effect on cover crop adoption at the county level. In contrast, we find statistical evidence that CSP payments reduce the county‐level proportion of acres planted to cover crops. These opposing effects indicate that it is possible for conservation payment programs to have differing aggregate effects on adoption rates of specific conservation practices (e.g., cover crops in this case). Moreover, these results imply that not all conservation programs “are created equal” and differences in policy designs and focus areas may induce diverging effects in the uptake of particular conservation practices. DA - 2022/3/9/ PY - 2022/3/9/ DO - 10.1002/aepp.13248 SP - SN - 2040-5804 KW - conservation payments KW - cover crops KW - CSP KW - EQIP KW - fixed effects KW - panel data ER - TY - JOUR TI - Balancing Bees and Pest Management: Projected Costs of Proposed Bee-Protective Neonicotinoid Regulation in California AU - Mace, Kevi AU - Rudder, Jessica AU - Goodhue, Rachael AU - Tolhurst, Tor AU - Tregeagle, Daniel AU - Wei, Hanlin AU - Grafton-Cardwell, Beth AU - Grettenberger, Ian AU - Wilson, Houston AU - Van Steenwyk, Robert AU - Zalom, Frank AU - Steggall, John T2 - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AB - Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used in agriculture, including in many California specialty crops. With mounting evidence that these insecticides are harmful to bees, state and national governments have increasingly regulated their use. The European Union, Canada, and United States have imposed use restrictions on several neonicotinoids, such as on the timing of applications. In 2020, California proposed a draft regulation to mitigate harm to managed pollinators from four nitroguanidine-substituted neonicotinoids (NGNs): clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam. We use data on California pesticide use from 2015 to 2017 to analyze the economic and pest management implications of the 2020 draft proposed regulation for seven crops: almond, cherry, citrus, cotton, grape, strawberry, and tomato. From 2015 to 2017, these crops accounted for approximately 85% of total hectares treated with NGNs and 87% of NGN use by kilograms of active ingredient applied in treatments that would have been affected by the proposed regulation. These insecticides often primarily target Hemipteran insect pests. In most cases there are alternatives; however, these are often more expensive per hectare and do not have the same residual effectiveness as the NGNs, which are systemic insecticides. Overall, we estimate that pest management costs for these crops would have increased an estimated $13.6 million in 2015, $12.8 million in 2016, and $11.1 million in 2017 if the 2020 draft proposed regulation had been in effect, representing a 61% to 72% increase in the cost of managing the target pests. DA - 2022/2/9/ PY - 2022/2/9/ DO - 10.1093/jee/toab231 VL - 115 IS - 1 SP - 10-25 SN - 1938-291X UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/45127735/ KW - neonicotinoid KW - pest management KW - regulation KW - specialty crop KW - agri-environmental policy ER - TY - JOUR TI - US agricultural university students' mental well-being and resilience during the first wave of COVID-19: Discordant expectations and experiences across genders AU - Ehmke, Mariah D. AU - Katare, Bhagyashree AU - Kiesel, Kristin AU - Bergtold, Jason S. AU - Penn, Jerrod M. AU - Boys, Kathryn A. T2 - APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY AB - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's first wave led to declining mental health and life satisfaction outcomes for college students, especially women. While women in undergraduate agricultural programs outperformed men academically prior to and during the pandemic, the achievement may have come at personal cost, especially for those women with fewer personal and environmental resiliency resources. Our research objective was to expand on personal, social, and environmental factors linked with lower mental health and life satisfaction scores for students in agriculture during the pandemic. We measured the influence of such factors across gender-based mental health and life satisfaction outcomes. Our data were collected from 2030 students using an on-line survey across six land-grant university college of agriculture in agriculturally as many distinct regions of the United States. We estimated OLS and Ordered Probit models of their mental health and life satisfaction self-assessments. Our findings reveal students' mental health and life satisfaction were reduced due to a paucity of personal (e.g., less future orientation or graduate school aspirations, food and housing insecurity, and personal health risks) and environmental (e.g., lower quality on-line learning experiences, isolation, family health risk, discrimination experiences) resiliency resources. Our results suggest women were more likely than men to be adversely affected by reduced resiliency resources. These findings suggest university emergency response policies need to address students' needs for housing and food security, on-line course development and delivery, tele health and mental health resources, broad social inclusion and diversity to decrease risk of female attrition and support all students in agricultural degree programs. DA - 2022/2/5/ PY - 2022/2/5/ DO - 10.1002/aepp.13233 VL - 2 SP - SN - 2040-5804 KW - Agricultural students KW - COVID-19 pandemic KW - Discrimination KW - Gender KW - Life satisfaction KW - Mental health KW - Remote teaching ER - TY - JOUR TI - Should We Put a Price on Carbon? AU - Haefen, Roger AB - To address the climate challenge, economists advocate for a carbon tax that puts a price on greenhouse gas emissions. Roger von Haefen, Ph.D. discusses how investments in game-changing technologies can transform our energy sector, reduce the energy intensity of our cars, phones, homes and food, and make our economy more resilient to climate change. DA - 2022/1/15/ PY - 2022/1/15/ DO - 10.52750/839260 UR - https://doi.org/10.52750/839260 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biofuels policy and innovation impacts: Evidence from biofuels and agricultural patent indicators AU - Nelson, Kelly P. AU - Parton, Lee C. AU - Brown, Zachary S. T2 - ENERGY POLICY AB - In the early 2000s, governments implemented policies stimulating the use of ethanol and biodiesel to reduce carbon emissions and encourage domestic energy production. Blend mandates requiring gasoline or diesel to contain a minimum percentage of these biofuels were a favored policy instrument. Theoretical work by Clancy and Moschini (2017) concluded that, if innovation were stimulated by mandates, then the socially optimal mandate would be higher than if innovation were not possible. We test the impact of blend mandates and other biofuels policies on innovation using measures of patenting activity that correspond with research effort and research output. Our analysis shows that ethanol blend mandates significantly increased both R&D effort and quality-weighted innovation output in biofuels technologies while reducing the R&D inputs to plant technologies. This suggests that biofuels innovation increased in response to the policies, with firms substituting some R&D effort away from plant technologies research. Despite decreased R&D effort, output of plant innovation held steady as effort shifted to biofuels, supporting the presence of a spillover effect between biofuels innovation and plant innovation. We find that biodiesel blend mandates did not significantly impact R&D efforts in either plant or biofuels technologies. Furthermore, policies other than blend mandates had varying effects, ranging from limited increases in R&D activity to significant decreases in innovation. JEL Codes: O31, O38, Q16, Q48, Q55. • Ethanol blend mandates influenced patenting in biofuels and plant categories. • Other biofuels policies did not consistently affect patenting in those technologies. • Research on biofuels may benefit research in biotechnology. DA - 2022/3// PY - 2022/3// DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112767 VL - 162 SP - SN - 1873-6777 KW - Biofuels KW - Patenting KW - Biotechnology KW - Bayesian model averaging ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cultivating trust in technology-mediated sustainable agricultural research AU - Raturi, Ankita AU - Thompson, Jennifer J. AU - Ackroyd, Victoria AU - Chase, Carlene A. AU - Davis, Brian W. AU - Myers, Robert AU - Poncet, Aurelie AU - Ramos-Giraldo, Paula AU - Reberg-Horton, Chris AU - Rejesus, Roderick AU - Robertson, Alison AU - Ruark, Matthew D. AU - Seehaver-Eagen, Sarah AU - Mirsky, Steven T2 - AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB - Abstract We formed the Precision Sustainable Agriculture (PSA) team to conduct interdisciplinary research and technology development to improve adoption and practice of knowledge‐intensive sustainable agricultural practices such as cover cropping. In this paper, we share our approach to cultivating trust among diverse stakeholders (researchers, farmers, extensionists, agricultural and information specialists, private and public entities) vested in agricultural data collection, management, and use. Our trust framework describes how we aim to be trusted with data (through preserving privacy and increasing stakeholder agency) and trusted in the process (through practicing transparency and accountability). It is operationalized through a series of social and technical infrastructures. Our project governance, stakeholder engagement tools and activities, and technology development methods aim to promote transparency and accountability in our process. We use a maturity model to govern data acquisition to ensure that only robust, privacy‐preserving technologies are deployed on our partner farms and describe evolving mechanisms for handling data with varying sensitivity. Finally, we share preliminary work aimed at anticipating data use, and identify challenges on the horizon for cultivating trust in agricultural technologies and data‐driven agriculture. DA - 2022/1/13/ PY - 2022/1/13/ DO - 10.1002/agj2.20974 SP - SN - 1435-0645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A new food chain: Adoption and policy implications to blockchain use in agri-food industries AU - Guerra, Kathleen Krzyzanowski AU - Boys, Kathryn A. T2 - APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY AB - Abstract Legislation and regulation proposed to study, fund, and govern blockchain use is emerging among both US federal and state governments. These regulatory requirements, however, are not fully consistent across jurisdictions, which may add further challenge to the adoption of this technology by agri‐food system firms. This study compiles and provides a descriptive overview of legislation and regulations related to blockchain technology. Implications of the current regulatory approach on the adoption of blockchain on the US agri‐food system, and specifically of the wider adoption of distributed ledger technologies on food safety and market access of smaller scale farm operations, are considered. DA - 2022/3// PY - 2022/3// DO - 10.1002/aepp.13163 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 324-349 SN - 2040-5804 KW - agri‐ KW - food KW - blockchain KW - cryptocurrency KW - legislation KW - regulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying the Yield Sensitivity of Modern Rice Varieties to Warming Temperatures: Evidence from the PhilippinesJEL codes AU - Wang, Ruixue AU - Rejesus, Roderick M. AU - Tack, Jesse B. AU - Balagtas, Joseph V. AU - Nelson, Andy D. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AB - This study examines the relationship between yields of modern rice varieties and warming temperatures. Data from a long‐running farm‐level survey in the Philippines, with rich information on planted rice varieties, allow us to estimate fixed effect econometric models of rice yields. We find that increases in temperature, especially minimum temperatures, have statistically significant negative impacts on rice yields. Point estimates of the marginal effect of higher temperatures on rice yields indicate that early modern varieties bred primarily for higher yields, pest resistance, and/or grain quality traits (i.e., not necessarily abiotic stress tolerance) tend to be more resilient to heat events than traditional rice varieties. Moreover, the marginal effect point estimates also suggest that more recent rice varieties bred for better tolerance to abiotic stresses are likely more resilient to warming than both traditional varieties and early modern varieties. Notwithstanding the heat resilience pattern suggested by these point estimates, we are unable to find statistically significant differences in the marginal yield response to warming across these three rice varietal groups. These results provide suggestive evidence that rice breeding efforts have improved resilience to warming temperatures and point to several interesting future research directions. DA - 2022/1// PY - 2022/1// DO - 10.1111/ajae.12210 VL - 104 IS - 1 SP - 318-339 SN - 1467-8276 KW - Central Luzon KW - climate change KW - rice yield KW - rice varieties KW - Q12 KW - Q16 KW - Q18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The moderating role of Internet use in the relationship between China's internal migration and generalized trust AU - Lu, Haiyang AU - Kandilov, Ivan T. T2 - INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY AB - While there is a large literature on the determinants of generalized trust, few studies have explored the impact of internal migration and attempted to tackle potential endogeneity issues. Using nationally representative data from the latest five rounds of the China General Society Survey, this paper estimates the impact of internal migration on generalized trust by exploiting arguably exogenous, historical changes in the GDP growth target set by the government and the share of migrants at the county level. We find evidence of a significant negative impact of internal migration on generalized trust. We also investigate the moderating role of Internet use, and find that whilst Internet use significantly attenuates the negative impact on generalized trust of internal migration, this moderating effect is much stronger for urban-to-urban migrants than it is for rural-to-urban migrants. The results further indicate that internal migration in China has led to the deterioration of subjective well-being, changing perceptions of fairness, increased likelihood of downward social mobility, and deterioration in social relations, which we interpret as potential mechanisms behind our findings. DA - 2022/7/4/ PY - 2022/7/4/ DO - 10.1080/1369118X.2020.1850840 VL - 25 IS - 9 SP - 1229-1246 SN - 1468-4462 KW - China KW - internal migration KW - generalized trust KW - Internet use ER -