TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis and turnover of proteins and mRNA in germinating wheat embryos AU - Grzelczak, Zbyszko F. AU - Sattolo, Mark H. AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, Linda K. AU - Kennedy, Theresa D. AU - Lane, Byron G. T2 - Canadian Journal of Biochemistry AB - The most prominent methionine-labeled protein made when cell-free systems are programmed with bulk mRNA from dry wheat embryos has been identified with what may be the most abundant protein in dry wheat embryos. The protein has been brought to purity and has a distinctive amino acid composition, Gly and Glx accounting for almost 40% of the total amino acids. Designated E because of its conspicuous association with early inhibition of dry wheat embryos, the protein and its mRNA are abundant during the "early" phase (0--1 h) of postimbibition development, and easily detected during "lag" phase (1--5 h), but they are almost totally degraded soon after entry into the "growth" phase of development, by about 10 h postimbibition. The most prominent methionine-labeled protein peculiar to the cell-free translational capacity of bulk mRNA from "growth" phase embryos is not detected as a product of in vivo synthesis. Its electrophoretic properties and its time course of emergence, after 5 h postimbibition development, suggest that this major product of cell-free synthesis may be an in vitro counterpart to a prominent methionine-labeled protein made only in vivo, by "growth" phase embryos. Designated G because of its conspicuous association with "growth" phase development, the cell-free product does not comigrate with any prominent dye-stained band in electrophoretic distributions of wheat proteins. The suspected cellular counterpart to G, also, does not comigrate with a prominent dye-stained wheat protein during electrophoresis, and although found in particulate as well as soluble fractions of wheat embryo homogenates it is not concentrated in either nuclei or mitochondria, as isolated. DA - 1982/3/1/ PY - 1982/3/1/ DO - 10.1139/o82-046 VL - 60 IS - 3 SP - 389-397 J2 - Can. J. Biochem. LA - en OP - SN - 0008-4018 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o82-046 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Repeat sequence interspersion in coding DNA of peas does not reflect that in total pea DNA AU - Murray, M.G. AU - Thompson, W.F. T2 - Plant Molecular Biology DA - 1982/// PY - 1982/// DO - 10.1007/bf00024977 VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 143–153 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Modes and tempos in the evolution of nuclear-encoded ribosomal RNA genes in legumes AU - Jorgensen, R.A. AU - Cuellar, R.E. AU - Thompson, W.F. T2 - Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book PY - 1982/// VL - 81 SP - 98–101 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel evolutionary variation in transcription and location of two chloroplast genes AU - Palmer, Jeffrey D. AU - Edwards, Helen AU - Jorgensen, Richard A. AU - Thompson, William F. T2 - Nucleic Acids Research AB - We have found major evolutionary changes in the types of transcripts produced by specific chloroplast genes, in particular those encoding the large subunit (LS) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and a photosystem II polypeptide (PII). Two distinct patterns of LS gene transcripts are revealed by hybridizing an LS gene probe to electrophoretically separated RNA from 19 angiosperms. Most species, including pea, contain the single transcript of approximately 1.6 kb previously observed in corn, spinach and mustard. However, in mung bean and other members of the legume genera Vigna and Phaseolus, the 1.6 kb transcript represents only a minor fraction of LS transcripts, and instead, two larger LS transcripts of approximately 2.4 and 2.6 kb predominate. The PII gene produces a single transcript in pea and most other species examined, while members of the related legume genera Vigna, Phaseolus and Glycine contain two additional transcripts which are smaller in size and probably represent specific RNA breakdown products. A single species, sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus), contains a second PII transcript which is 0.2 kb larger than the approximately 1.2 kb transcript found in all species. The LS and PII genes map to the same 5 kb region in both pea and mung bean and are transcribed off the same DNA strand. In contrast, published studies indicate that the two genes are approximately 50 kb apart and are transcribed off opposite DNA strands in five other chloroplast genomes. These differences are probably the consequence of an approximately 50 kb inversion which distinguishes the pea and mung bean genomes from those of most other angiosperms (1). DA - 1982/// PY - 1982/// DO - 10.1093/nar/10.21.6819 VL - 10 IS - 21 SP - 6819-6832 J2 - Nucl Acids Res LA - en OP - SN - 0305-1048 1362-4962 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/10.21.6819 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chloroplast DNA rearrangements are more frequent when a large inverted repeat sequence is lost AU - Palmer, Jeffrey D. AU - Thompson, William F. T2 - Cell AB - We examined the arrangement of sequences common to seven angiosperm chloroplast genomes. The chloroplast DNAs of spinach, petunia and cucumber are essentially colinear. They share with the corn chloroplast genome a large inversion of ∼50 kb relative to the genomes of three legumes—mung bean, pea and broad bean. There is one additional rearrangement, a second, smaller inversion within the 50 kb inversion, which is specific to the corn genome. These two changes are the only detectable rearrangements that have occurred during the evolution of the species examined (corn, spinach, petunia, cucumber and mung bean) whose chloroplast genomes contain a large inverted repeat sequence of 22–25 kb. In contrast, we find extensive sequence rearrangements in comparing the pea and broad bean genomes, both of which have deleted one entire segment of the inverted repeat, and also in comparing each of these to the mung bean genome. Thus there is a relatively stable arrangement of sequences in those genomes with the inverted repeat and a much more dynamic arrangement in those that have lost it. We discuss several explanations for this correlation, including the possibility that the inverted repeat may play a direct role in maintaining a conserved arrangement of chloroplast DNA sequences. DA - 1982/6// PY - 1982/6// DO - 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90170-2 VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 537-550 J2 - Cell LA - en OP - SN - 0092-8674 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(82)90170-2 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beginning genetics with methanogens. AU - Reeve, J.N. AU - Trun, N.J. AU - Hamilton, P.T. T2 - Basic life sciences DA - 1982/// PY - 1982/// VL - 19 SP - 233-244 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0020009847&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE O-3 EXPOSURES ON CARBOHYDRATE AND MINERAL CONTENTS OF LADINO CLOVER AU - BLUM, U AU - SMITH, GR AU - FITES, RC T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY AB - Ladino clover plants of various ages were exposed for 5 consecutive days for 6 hr/day to either carbon-filtered air or 0.1 ppm O3 during one of two growth periods (August or April). The plants were grown during June–August and during January–April. Plants were harvested 1 week after receiving the final O3 exposure. Ozone reduced root, shoot and plant dry weights and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC, mg/g). Root TNC was not modified by O3. When O3 induced reductions were expressed on a per cent basis, the reductions were identical for the two experimental growth periods. Plant size and TNC content were greater for plants grown during the January–April growth period whereas mineral content (% or ppm) was greater plants from June to August. When mineral content was altered by O3 (and this varied with growth period), O3 increased mineral content except for reductions in plant Na (during June–August growth period) and shoot S (determined only for January–April growth period). The potential effects of multiple O3 exposures on forage quality and quantity are discussed. DA - 1982/// PY - 1982/// DO - 10.1016/0098-8472(82)90033-8 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 143-154 SN - 0098-8472 ER -