TY - JOUR TI - Bacteriophage T4 RegA protein. Purification of a translational repressor AU - Miller, E.S. AU - Winter, R. AU - Campbell, K.M. AU - Power, S. AU - Gold, L. T2 - Journal of Biological Chemistry AB - The bacteriophage T4 regA protein translationally regulates its own synthesis and the synthesis of several other T4 early proteins.In order to study the mechanism of translational regulation, we have purified the regA protein.Initially a mutant protein, incapable of autogenous repression, was placed under h p , transcriptional control and amplified to approximately 10% of total cell protein.The membrane-associated mutant protein was extracted with organic solvent mixtures and purified by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography.Polyclonal antibodies prepared against the mutant protein were used in Western blot assays to monitor purification of the wildtype protein from T4-infected cells.Phosphocellulose and poly(U)-agarose chromatography were important steps in its purification.The binding properties of regA protein to polyribonucleotides are discussed in relation to the mechanism by which the protein recognizes its mRNA targets.After the bacteriophage T4 infects Escherichia coli, gene expression is controlled at the levels of transcription (1, 2) and translation (3, 4).The T4 regA product is one of two phage-encoded translational regulatory proteins (the other is the gene 32 helix-destabilizing protein) that have been identified.Expression of the regA gene, which is controlled by translational autoregulation, affects translation of several early T4 genes (5-7).Analogous tc: other prokaryotic translational repressors, regA protein appears to function by occluding ribosomes and preventing formation of a productive translational initiation complex (8).Although genetic analysis of one regA-repressible mRNA, that of the rIIB gene, has shown that the rIIB translational operator overlaps the ribosome binding site, comparisons with other regA-controlled translation initiation sites have not revealed a consensus sequence or conserved secondary structure (8-10).In addition, among the translational repressor proteins identified to date, the regA protein is uniquely able to recognize the mRNAs from several unlinked transcriptional units.We describe here the purification of the 'wild-type regA protein from T4-infected cells.The approach used was to DA - 1985/10/25/ PY - 1985/10/25/ DO - 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)38837-3 VL - 260 IS - 24 SP - 13053–13059 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Transcription of chloroplast genes by homo-logous and heterologous RNA polymerases AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, L. AU - Orozco, E.M. AU - Chua, N. H T2 - Molecular biology of the photosynthetic apparatus A2 - Steinback, Katherine E. A2 - Bonitz, Susan A2 - Arntzen, Charles J. A2 - Bogorad, Lawrence PY - 1985/// SP - 311–318 PB - Cold Spring Harbor Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Suicidal inactivation and labelling of ammonia mono-oxygenase by acetylene. T2 - The Biochemical journal AB - Acetylene brings about a progressive inactivation of ammonia mono-oxygenase, the ammonia-oxidizing enzyme in Nitrosomonas europaea. High NH4+ ion concentrations were protective. The inactivation followed first-order kinetics, with a rate constant of 1.5 min-1 at saturating concentrations of acetylene. If acetylene was added in the absence of O2, the cells remained active until O2 was re-introduced. A protective effect was also demonstrated with thiourea, a reversible non-competitive inhibitor of ammonia oxidation. Incubation of cells with [14C]acetylene was found to cause labelling of a single membrane polypeptide. This ran on dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis with an Mr value of 28 000. It is concluded that acetylene is a suicide substrate for the mono-oxygenase. The labelling experiment provides the first identification of a constituent polypeptide of ammonia mono-oxygenase. DA - 1985/5/1/ PY - 1985/5/1/ DO - 10.1042/bj2270719 UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/4004794/?tool=EBI ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro synthesis and processing of a maize chloroplast transcript encoded by the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene. AU - Hanley-Bowdoin, L AU - Orozco, E M, Jr AU - Chua, N H T2 - Molecular and Cellular Biology AB - The large subunit gene (rbcL) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase was transcribed in vitro by using maize and pea chloroplast extracts and a cloned plastid DNA template containing 172 base pairs (bp) of the maize rbcL protein-coding region and 791 bp of upstream sequences. Three major in vitro RNA species were synthesized which correspond to in vivo maize rbcL RNAs with 5' termini positioned 300, 100 to 105, and 63 nucleotides upstream of the protein-coding region. A deletion of 109 bp, including the "-300" 5' end (the 5' end at position -300), depressed all rbcL transcription in vitro. A plasmid DNA containing this 109-bp fragment was sufficient to direct correct transcription initiation in vitro. A cloned template, containing 191 bp of plastid DNA which includes the -105 and -63 rbcL termini, did not support transcription in vitro. Exogenously added -300 RNA could be converted to the -63 transcript by maize chloroplast extract. These results established that the -300 RNA is the primary maize rbcL transcript, the -63 RNA is a processed form of the -300 transcript, and synthesis of the -105 RNA is dependent on the -300 region. The promoter for the maize rbcL gene is located within the 109 bp flanking the -300 site. Mutagenesis of the 109-bp chloroplast sequence 11 bp upstream of the -300 transcription initiation site reduced rbcL promoter activity in vitro. DA - 1985/10// PY - 1985/10// DO - 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2733 VL - 5 IS - 10 SP - 2733-2745 J2 - Mol. Cell. Biol. LA - en OP - SN - 0270-7306 1098-5549 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.10.2733 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Photoregulation of nuclear-encoded transcripts: blue light regulation of specific transcript abundance AU - Kaufman, L.S. AU - Watson, J.C. AU - Briggs, W.R. AU - Thompson, W.F. T2 - The Molecular Biology of the Photosynthetic Aparatus A2 - Steinback, K.E. A2 - Bonitz, S. A2 - Arntzen, C.J. A2 - Bogorad, L. AB - Molecular Biology of the Photosynthetic Apparatus. Edited by K. E. Steinback, S. Bonitz, C. J. Arntzen and L. Bogorad. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. $75. ISBN 0 87969 188 3. - Volume 48 Issue 1 PY - 1985/// DO - 10.1017/S0016672300024733 SP - 367–376 PB - Cold Spring Harbor Press ER - TY - CHAP TI - Chromosome architecture: the distribution of recombination sites, the structure of ribosomal DNA loci, and the multiplicity of sequences containing inverted repeats AU - Flavell, R.B. AU - O'Dell, M. AU - Smith, D.B. AU - Thompson, W.F. T2 - Molecular Form and Function of the Plant Genome A2 - van Vloten-Doting, L. A2 - Groot, G.S.P. A2 - Hall, T.C. PY - 1985/// PB - Plenum Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chloroplast DNA variation and evolution in Pisum: patterns of change and phylogenetic analysis AU - Palmer, J.D. AU - Jorgensen, R.A. AU - Thompson, W.F. T2 - Genetics DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// VL - 109 SP - 195–213 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Induction of plant gene expression by light AU - Thompson, William F. AU - Kaufman, L. S. AU - Watson, J. C. T2 - BioEssays AB - Abstract Light effects on the activity of several genes have recently been exploited in studies of plant gene expression. We discuss here some examples involving nuclear genes of higher plants, with emphasis on responses mediated by the phytochrome system. Recent work has revealed considerable diversity in the responses of different genes, indicating that several different regulatory programs are probably involved. A start has been made in studies of nuclear events associated with the changes in expression. Transcriptional regulation almost certainly occurs, although many details remain to be studied and effects on mRNA processing and turnover have not been ruled out. Recent in vitro mutagenesis and gene transfer experiments with the gene for the small subunit of RuBP carboxylase indicate that sequences involved in regulating the level of expression in the light are located 5′ to the gene within about 1 kb of the start of transcription. DA - 1985/10// PY - 1985/10// DO - 10.1002/bies.950030405 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 153-159 J2 - Bioessays LA - en OP - SN - 0265-9247 1521-1878 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950030405 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inheritance, organization, and mapping of rbcS and cab multigene families in pea AU - Polans, N. O. AU - Weeden, N. F. AU - Thompson, W. F. T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences AB - DNA restriction endonuclease fragment patterns corresponding to both the rbcS and cab multigene families of pea are each shown to segregate as single Mendelian units in the F(2) progeny of two separate crosses. All of the observed variation in each of the multigene families is thus organized on the chromosome in a tightly linked complex. Linkage relationships between both multigene families and an array of morphological and isozyme markers establish the location of the rbcS and cab gene clusters on pea chromosomes 5 and 2, respectively. Our results, which indicate a high level of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in pea, suggest sufficient variation to permit the construction of a highly detailed linkage map. DA - 1985/8/1/ PY - 1985/8/1/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.82.15.5083 VL - 82 IS - 15 SP - 5083-5087 J2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences LA - en OP - SN - 0027-8424 1091-6490 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.82.15.5083 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phytochrome Control of Specific mRNA Levels in Developing Pea Buds : The Presence of Both Very Low Fluence and Low Fluence Responses AU - Kaufman, L. S. AU - Briggs, W. R. AU - Thompson, W. F. T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - We have examined phytochrome regulated changes in transcript abundance for 11 different light regulated mRNAs in developing pea buds. Fluence-response curves were measured for changes in transcript abundance in response to red light pulses in both the low and very low fluence ranges. Most transcripts show only low fluence responses, with a threshold of approximately 10 micromoles per square meter. All of the low fluence responses are reversible by far red light. One transcript shows a very low fluence response, with a threshold of approximately 10(-4) micromoles per square meter. As expected, the very low fluence response is not far red reversible and in fact can be induced by far red light.Various fluences of red light were also used as pretreatments before transferring seedlings to continuous white light. One transcript responds to pretreatments in the very low fluence range, several respond to pretreatments in the low fluence range (including chlorophyll a/b binding protein RNA and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase RNA), and several show no response to the red light under these conditions. The threshold of these low fluence responses is approximately 10(2) micromoles per square meter, one order of magnitude greater than the threshold of the low fluence responses to red light alone.The transcripts may also be grouped by their responses to white light treatment alone. Three of the clones correspond to transcripts whose abundance decreases after a 24 hour white light treatment. The remainder of the mRNAs increase between 2- and 10-fold in response to the 24 hour white light. DA - 1985/6/1/ PY - 1985/6/1/ DO - 10.1104/pp.78.2.388 VL - 78 IS - 2 SP - 388-393 J2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA - en OP - SN - 0032-0889 1532-2548 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.78.2.388 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Phytochrome Regulation of Plant Development at the Whole Plant, Physiological, and Molecular Levels AU - Briggs, Winslow R. AU - Mandoli, Dina F. AU - Shinkle, James R. AU - Kaufman, Lon S. AU - Watson, John C. AU - Thompson, William F. T2 - Sensory Perception and Transduction in Aneural Organisms PY - 1985/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4613-2497-3_16 SP - 265-280 OP - PB - Springer US SN - 9781461295112 9781461324973 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2497-3_16 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - A kinetic study of benzene oxidation to phenol by whole cells of Nitrosomonas europaea and evidence for the further oxidation of phenol to hydroquinone AU - Hyman, Michael R. AU - Sansome-Smith, Alastair W. AU - Shears, Jeremy H. AU - Wood, Paul M. T2 - Archives of Microbiology DA - 1985/12/1/ PY - 1985/12/1/ DO - 10.1007/BF00411254 VL - 143 IS - 3 SP - 302-306 J2 - Arch. Microbiol. LA - en SN - 1432-072X UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00411254 DB - Springer Link Y2 - 2019/2/1/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Suicidal inactivation and labelling of ammonia mono-oxygenase by acetylene. AU - Hyman, M R AU - Wood, P M T2 - Biochemical Journal C2 - PMC1144898 DA - 1985/5/1/ PY - 1985/5/1/ VL - 227 IS - 3 SP - 719-725 J2 - Biochem J SN - 0264-6021 UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1144898/ DB - PubMed Central Y2 - 2019/2/1/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structure of genes and an insertion element in the methane producing archaebacterium Methanobrevibacter smithii AU - Hamilton, Paul T. AU - Reeve, John N. T2 - Molec. Gen. Genet. DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.1007/bf00383311 VL - 200 IS - 1 SP - 47-59 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0021871395&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sequence divergence of an archaebacterial gene cloned from a mesophilic and a thermophilic methanogen AU - Hamilton, Paul T. AU - Reeve, John N. T2 - J Mol Evol DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.1007/bf02115691 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 351-360 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0022321706&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER -