TY - CONF TI - Theoretical Studies of C(100) Surface Reconstruction and Reaction with CH2 AU - Jing, Ze AU - Whitten, J.L. C2 - 1994/// C3 - MRS Online Proceedings Library DA - 1994/// DO - 10.1557/PROC-339-57 VL - 339 SP - 57–62 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ab initio Studies of Diamond (100) Surface Reconstruction AU - Jing, Z. AU - Whitten, J.L. T2 - Physical Review B AB - The reconstruction of the C(100) surface is studied by a cluster model at several theoretical levels. It is found that the calculated surface-dimer bond length is very sensitive to the level of theoretical treatment, the spin state, and the degree of constraints in the geometry optimization process. A single-determinant self-consistent field (SCF) treatment gives a closed-shell singlet state, higher in energy than the triplet state, and with a dimer length of 1.401 \AA{}, 0.279 \AA{} shorter than the triplet. The dimer is found to be symmetric for both singlet and triplet states at the SCF and complete active space (2,2) levels of theory. The correct ground state is a singlet, but a multideterminant wave function is required for its description. At the configuration-interaction level, the surface-dimer bond length in the ground state is found to be 1.508 \AA{} and the energy decrease on dimer formation with respect to the ideal C(100) 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface is 2.28 eV per dimer. DA - 1994/7/15/ PY - 1994/7/15/ DO - 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.2598 VL - 50 IS - 4 SP - 2598 ER - TY - CONF TI - Nitrogen: Not a Dopant in Crystalline Si (C-Si), But an N-Type Dopant in A-Si:H, Why? AU - Lucovsky, G. AU - Williams, M.J. AU - He, S.S. AU - Cho, S.M. AU - Jing, Ze AU - Whitten, J.L. C2 - 1994/// C3 - MRS Online Proceedings Library DA - 1994/// DO - 10.1557/PROC-336-637 VL - 336 SP - 637-642 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Second Harmonic Response of Chemically Modified Vicinal Si(111) Surfaces AU - Emmerichs, U. AU - Meyer, C. AU - Bakker, H. AU - Kurz, H. AU - Bjorkman, C.H. AU - Shearon, C.E., Jr. AU - Ma, Y. AU - Yasuda, T. AU - Jing, Z. AU - Lucovsky, G. AU - Whitten, J.L. T2 - Physical Review B AB - We have studied the optical second-harmonic (SH) response of vicinal Si(111) interfaces, H-terminated or covered with a thermally grown oxide film and subjected to different annealing temperatures. We observed that the rotational anisotropy of the SH signal of a thermally grown oxide film changes after an annealing procedure. We explain this result from a modification of atomic bonding at the steps of the surface. The change in amplitude and phase of the nonlinear-optical response can be well described with an anharmonic oscillator model. We found that the nonlinear-optical signal can be correlated with the electrical quality (density of interface traps) of metal-oxide semiconductor devices produced from these Si/${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ structures. DA - 1994/8/15/ PY - 1994/8/15/ DO - 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.5506 VL - 50 IS - 8 SP - 5506–5511 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optical second harmonic generation: A probe of atomic structure and bonding at Si–SiO2 interfaces, and other chemically modified Si surfaces AU - Emmerichs, U. AU - Meyer, C. AU - Bakker, H.J. AU - Wolter, F. AU - Kurz, H. AU - Lucovsky, G. AU - Bjorkman, C.E. AU - Yasuda, T. AU - Ma, Yi AU - Jing, Z. AU - Whitten, J.L. T2 - Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures AB - Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is a highly surface-sensitive probe for studying crystalline Si surfaces because the inversion symmetry is broken and electric dipole optical SHG processes forbidden in the bulk are allowed. The polarized optical SHG from a perfectly oriented Si surface is inherently anisotropic, varying periodically as the in-surface projection of the polarization vector of the incident laser is rotated about a normal to the surface. The harmonic contributions to the angular anisotropy from the surface are characteristic of the surface bonding, and are modified by misorientation, chemical termination, as well as thermal treatments. This paper reviews the results of our previously reported optical SHG studies on Si(111) wafers with misorientations of 0°–5°±0.5° in the [112̄] direction for Si–H or Si–O terminated surfaces. Azimuthal anisotropy data are compared with an empirical model for the SHG intensity that is based on (i) the nonlinear response of anharmonic oscillators, and (ii) a phenomenological theory of azimuthal anisotropies expected for different surface orientations. This model is used as a framework for estimating ’’effective‘‘ resonance energies from single wavelength experiments, and in particular, for providing insights into the microscopic mechanisms that can contribute to the changes in these resonance energies with respect to different processing conditions. For example, important differences between thermally grown and plasma-oxidized interfaces are identified, and correlations between SHG and electrical performance of the Si–SiO2 interfaces are discussed. DA - 1994/7// PY - 1994/7// DO - 10.1116/1.587789 VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 2484 SN - 0734-211X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.587789 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bonding of carbon to nickel surfaces: effects of subsurface Na, H and C AU - Yang, Hong AU - Whitten, Jerry L. AU - Markunas, Robert J. T2 - Applied Surface Science AB - This paper reports the results of a theoretical study of Na, H and C subsurface atomic species in nickel and demonstrates how these interstitial atoms influence the reactivity of the Ni(111) surface and the structure of carbon species adsorbed on the surface. The CH3 fragment and the benzene molecule, C6H6, in planar and non-planar geometries, are used to probe bonding at the surface. Adsorption energies are calculated by ab initio configuration interaction techniques modelling the surface as an embedded cluster. Calculated chemisorption energies of pyramidal CH3 on Ni(111) are 38 for the clean surface and 50, 47 and 17 kcal/mol for the Na, H and C implants, respectively. The energies required to distort tetrahedral CH3 into a planar structure are 22 kcal/mol on clean Ni(111), 30 kcal/mol with the Na implant, 24 kcal/mol with the H implant and 12 kcal/mol with the C implant, respectively. Adsorption energies of planar C6H6 at the most stable, 3-fold, adsorption site are 18 kcal/mol for the Ni(111) surface, and 10, 19 and 44 kcal/mol in the presence of the Na, H and C interstitials, respectively. The energies required for the planar to puckered distortion are 99 kcal/mol on Ni(111), 69 kcal/mol with the Na interstitial, 83 kcal/mol with H and 134 kcal/mol with C, compared to 198 kcal/mol for distortion of C6H6 in the gas phase. The possible relevance of these results to the nucleation of diamond on nickel is discussed. The results indicate that subsurface Na stabilizes tetrahedrally bonded carbon subunits of the diamond structure while subsurface C may make it easier for the overlayer to revert to a planar graphite structure. DA - 1994/1// PY - 1994/1// DO - 10.1016/0169-4332(94)90129-5 VL - 75 IS - 1-4 SP - 12-20 J2 - Applied Surface Science LA - en OP - SN - 0169-4332 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(94)90129-5 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - New Model for Local H-Atom Bonding Re-Arrangements Associated with the Staebler-Wronski Effect in a-Si:H and a-Si:H-Based Alloys AU - Lucovsky, G. AU - Williams, M.J. AU - Cho, S.M. AU - Jing, Z. AU - Whitten, J.L. T2 - MRS Proceedings DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// DO - 10.1557/proc-336-275 VL - 336 J2 - MRS Proc. LA - en OP - SN - 0272-9172 1946-4274 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-336-275 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adsorption of CH3O on Ni(111) AU - Yang, Hong AU - Whitten, Jerry L. AU - Friend, Cynthia M. T2 - Surface Science AB - The adsorption of methoxy on Ni(111) is treated using a many-electron embedding theory, modelling the lattice as a 28-atom, three-layer cluster. Ab initio valence orbital configuration interaction (multiple parent) calculations carried out on a local surface region permit an accurate description of bonding at the surface. The 3d orbitals are explicitly used for four Ni atoms in the local surface region. Methoxy binds strongly to the Ni(111) surface at both three-fold and bridge sites with adsorption energies of 90 and 87 kcal/mol and O-surface distances of 1.51 and 1.59 Å, respectively. The calculated adsorption energy for methoxy at an atop Ni site is 61 kcal/mol with an O-surface distance of 1.82 Å. The methoxy CO axis is normal to the surface or inclined 5° or 10° from the surface normal at three-fold sites and is inclined 20° from the surface normal at bridge sites. For methoxy adsorbed at three-fold and bridge sites, the calculated CO stretching frequencies are 1025 and 1010 cm−1, and the CH3O-surface perpendicular stretching frequencies are 495 and 380 cm−1 respectively. The 5a1, 1e and 2e orbitals of adsorbed methoxy are the orbitals principally involved in bonding with the surface. The bonding of methoxy to the nickel surface is characterized as a combination of ionic and covalent bonding with substantial mixing with Ni 3d orbitals. Adsorption studies of CH3ONi and CH3ONi3 are also reported. Methoxy basis effects and bonding properties of methoxy upon adsorption on Ni are discussed. DA - 1994/7// PY - 1994/7// DO - 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90050-7 VL - 313 IS - 3 SP - 295-307 J2 - Surface Science LA - en OP - SN - 0039-6028 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(94)90050-7 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chemisorption Studies of CH3S on Ni(111) AU - Yang, Hong AU - Caves, Thomas C. AU - Whitten, Jerry L. AU - Huntley, Deborah R. T2 - Journal of the American Chemical Society AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemisorption Studies of CH3S on Ni(111)Hong Yang, Thomas C. Caves, Jerry L. Whitten, and Deborah R. HuntleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 18, 8200–8206Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00097a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (833 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts DA - 1994/9// PY - 1994/9// DO - 10.1021/ja00097a029 VL - 116 IS - 18 SP - 8200-8206 J2 - J. Am. Chem. Soc. LA - en OP - SN - 0002-7863 1520-5126 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00097a029 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reaction of CH4 and CH3F with Si(111) AU - Yang, Hong AU - Jing, Ze AU - Whitten, Jerry L. T2 - Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena AB - Ab initio configuration interaction theory is used to study the reactions of CH4 and CH3F on a cluster model of the Si(111) surface. The lattice is modeled as a three layer cluster of 13 Si atoms plus 27 H atoms. The calculated heat of reaction for CH4 + Si(111) → CH3 + H-Si(111) is endothermic by 13 kcal mol-1 with a transition state energy barrier of 24 kcal mol-1. The reaction CH3F + Si(111) → CH2F + H-Si(111) is 12 kcal mol-1 endothermic with an energy barrier of 20 kcal mol-1. The reaction CH3F + Si(111) → CH3 + F-Si(111) is 24 kcal mol-1 exothermic, with an energy barrier of 19 kcal mol-1. The F, H, CH3, and CH2F species are found to bond strongly to the Si(111) surface with adsorption energies of 132, 86, 78, and 76 kcal mol-1, respectively. Equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies and transition state geometries for the transfer of H and F in reactions of CH4 and CH3F with Si(111) are reported. DA - 1994/8// PY - 1994/8// DO - 10.1016/s0368-2048(14)80005-4 VL - 69 IS - 1 SP - 23-29 J2 - Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena LA - en OP - SN - 0368-2048 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0368-2048(14)80005-4 DB - Crossref KW - ADSORPTION KW - CLUSTER KW - FLUOROMETHANE KW - METHANE KW - SI(111) KW - SILICON ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ab initio studies of H chemisorption on C(100) surface AU - Jing, Z. AU - Whitten, J.L. T2 - Surface Science AB - Ab initio CI theory is used to study the chemisorption of hydrogen on the C(100) surface. A three-layer cluster which consists of 19 carbon atoms and 30 hydrogen saturators is used to simulate the major features of surface reconstruction. The chemisorption of H atoms changes the surface reconstruction, shifting the dimer length from 1.51 Å in an H-free surface to 1.68 and 1.70 Å for a dimer bonded with one and two H atoms, respectively. The C-H bond energy is calculated to be 3.87 eV for the chemisorption of the first H atom and 4.14 eV for the chemisorption of the second H atom, including the corrections of zero-point vibrational energies. The C-C dimer bond energy in the monohydride phase is computed to be 1.21 eV. In forming the dihydride phase, the chemisorption of additional H atoms destroys surface dimers and changes the reconstructed 2 × 1 surface to a structure for which the interactions between surface CH2 groups are repulsive. DA - 1994/7// PY - 1994/7// DO - 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90014-0 VL - 314 IS - 2 SP - 300-306 J2 - Surface Science LA - en OP - SN - 0039-6028 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(94)90014-0 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Theoretical studies of Si-O and Si-N bonding arrangements on vicinal Si(111) wafers AU - Jing, Z. AU - Lucovsky, G. AU - Whitten, J. L. T2 - Physical Review B AB - The bonding at O (N) atom-terminated dangling bonds at steps in the 112\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} direction is investigated by ab initio cluster calculations. We find that one Si atom and three O (N) atoms, i.e., a ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{3}$ (${\mathrm{SiN}}_{3}$) group, can bridge three dangling bonds such that the strain induced at the step by these bonding groups is negligible. The results help to explain the significant changes in the interface trap density ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathrm{it}}$ and the relative phase of the onefold and threefold contributions to the second-harmonic generation from oxide-terminated vicinal Si surfaces formed by thermal oxidation at 850 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C following annealing at temperatures \ensuremath{\sim}1000 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, where Si-O atom arrangements can readily occur. DA - 1994/5/15/ PY - 1994/5/15/ DO - 10.1103/physrevb.49.14003 VL - 49 IS - 19 SP - 14003-14006 J2 - Phys. Rev. B LA - en OP - SN - 0163-1829 1095-3795 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.49.14003 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of oxygen on surface reconstruction of carbon AU - Whitten, Jerry L. AU - Cremaschi, Pietro AU - Thomas, Raymond E. AU - Rudder, Ronald A. AU - Markunas, Robert J. T2 - Applied Surface Science AB - Recent experiments on diamond growth by chemical vapor deposition indicate that atomic oxygen converts the diamond (100)-(2 × 1) surface to the (1 × 1) structure. Ab initio total energy calculations are performed on a cluster of carbon atoms simulating the (100) surface in order to investigate the effect of oxygen on surface reconstruction. Calculations are reported for the clean surface and for O atoms adsorbed atop carbon and at a C-C bridge site. Bridge and atop carbon sites for oxygen have nearly identical adsorption energies and adsorption of O at either site prevents the C(100)-1 × 1 to 2 × 1 dimerization reconstruction. Adsorption of oxygen at one bridge site affects, but does not prevent, the dimerization of an adjacent pair of surface carbon atoms. DA - 1994/1// PY - 1994/1// DO - 10.1016/0169-4332(94)90134-1 VL - 75 IS - 1-4 SP - 45-50 J2 - Applied Surface Science LA - en OP - SN - 0169-4332 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(94)90134-1 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integration of Plasma-Assisted and Rapid Thermal Processing for Low-Thermal Budget Preparation of Ultra-Thin Dielectrics for Stacked-Gate Device Structures AU - Lucovsky, Gerald AU - Ma, Yi AU - Hattangady, Sunil V. AU - Lee, David R. AU - Lu, Zhong AU - Misra, Veena AU - Wortman, Jimmie J. AU - Jing, Ze AU - Whitten, Jerry L. T2 - Japanese Journal of Applied Physics AB - This paper discusses a new approach to the formation of ultra-thin gate dielectrics for Si-ULSI applications in which separately controlled plasma-assisted and/or rapid thermal processing steps are combined to fix the chemical bonding and minimize the defect structure at the Si–SiO 2 interface, and within the dielectric layers. One example of this approach combines (i) low-temperature (300° C) plasma-assisted processing to control the initial bonding chemistries at (a) the Si–SiO 2 interface, and (b) in homogeneous oxide, or composite dielectrics with nitride or oxynitride layers, with (ii) higher temperature (900° C), but low-thermal budget, rapid thermal annealing to promote physical and/or chemical relaxations that minimize both interfacial and bulk dielectric defects, thereby improving device performance. DA - 1994/12/30/ PY - 1994/12/30/ DO - 10.1143/jjap.33.7061 VL - 33 IS - Part 1, No. 12B SP - 7061-7070 J2 - Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. LA - en OP - SN - 0021-4922 1347-4065 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.33.7061 DB - Crossref KW - LOW-TEMPERATURE PROCESSING KW - LOW-THERMAL BUDGET PROCESSING KW - PLASMA-ASSISTED OXIDATION KW - REMOTE PLASMA-ENHANCED CHEMICAL-VAPOR DEPOSITION KW - RAPID THERMAL CHEMICAL-VAPOR DEPOSITION KW - RAPID THERMAL ANNEALING KW - SI-SIO2 INTERFACES KW - FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS KW - SILICON OXIDE KW - SILICON NITRIDE KW - SILICON OXYNITRIDES ER - TY - BOOK TI - Organic Chemistry AU - Fox, M AU - Whitesell, J A3 - Schultz, D. DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// PB - Jones and Bartlett ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Unified Description of Linear and Nonlinear Polarization in Organic Polymethine Dyes AU - Marder, S. R. AU - Gorman, C. B. AU - Meyers, F. AU - Perry, J. W. AU - Bourhill, G. AU - Bredas, J.-L. AU - Pierce, B. M. T2 - Science AB - An internal or external electric field F can drive the chemical structure, bond order alternation, and electronic structure of linear polymethine dyes from a neutral, bond-alternated, polyene-like structure, through a cyanine-like structure, and ultimately to a zwitterionic (charge-separated) bond-alternated structure. As the structure evolves under the influence of F, the linear polarizability alpha, the first hyperpolarizability beta, and the second hyperpolarizability gamma are seen to be derivatives, with respect to F, of their next lower order polarization (for alpha) or polarizability (for beta and gamma). These derivative relations provide a unified picture of the dependence of the polarizability and hyperpolarizabilities on the structure in linear polymethine dyes. In addition, they allow for predictions of structure-property relations of higher order hyperpolarizabilities. DA - 1994/7/29/ PY - 1994/7/29/ DO - 10.1126/science.265.5172.632 VL - 265 IS - 5172 SP - 632-635 J2 - Science LA - en OP - SN - 0036-8075 1095-9203 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5172.632 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Redox Fuel Cell That Operates with Methane as Fuel at 120 C AU - Bergens, S. H. AU - Gorman, C. B. AU - Palmore, G. T. R. AU - Whitesides, G. M. T2 - Science AB - Platinum black efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of methane by iron(III) to generate carbon dioxide and eight equivalents of iron(II) in solutions of sulfuric acid in water. The rate of oxidation increases over 4 hours to reach approximately 4.83 x 10(-2) moles of iron(II) per gram atom of surface platinum per second. A redox fuel cell was assembled that used this reaction in a liquid reformer to generate soluble reducing equivalents of iron(II) from methane, which was electrochemically oxidized to iron(III) in the cell. A vanadium(V)-(IV)-nitric acid-O(2) redox system catalyzed the electrochemical reduction of O(2). The open-circuit voltage of the cell was 0.48 volt, and the maximum power output of the cell was 8.1 milliwatts per cubic centimeter of graphite felt electrode. DA - 1994/9/2/ PY - 1994/9/2/ DO - 10.1126/science.265.5177.1418 VL - 265 IS - 5177 SP - 1418-1420 J2 - Science LA - en OP - SN - 0036-8075 1095-9203 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5177.1418 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Synthesis and Characterization of Galvinol-substituted Salen Ligands AU - Shultz, D AU - Driscoll, D.J. T2 - NC Sectional ACS Meeting C2 - 1994/// CY - Duke University, Durham, NC DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/4/16/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Synthesis and Characterization of New Galvinoxyl Radical Derivatives AU - Schultz, D AU - Boal, A.K. T2 - NC Sectional ACS Meeting C2 - 1994/// CY - Duke University, Durham, NC DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/4/16/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Comparative Stability of Fluoroketone Hemi-thioacetals, -Ketals, and -Hydrates AU - Linderman, R.J AU - Tennyson, S.D. AU - Schultz, D.A. T2 - 208th National ACS Meeting C2 - 1994/// CY - Washington, D.C DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Synthesis and Characterization of Galvinol-Substituted Alkanethiols AU - Schultz, D.A. AU - Tew, G.N T2 - 208th National ACS Meeting C2 - 1994/8/1/ CY - Washington, DC DA - 1994/8/1/ PY - 1994/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Synthesis and Characterization of Paramagnetic Species Generated from a Metallotetraphenylporphyrin Derivative AU - Schultz, DA AU - Sandberg, KA T2 - 208th National ACS Meeting C2 - 1994/8/1/ CY - Washington, DC DA - 1994/8/1/ PY - 1994/8/1/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Polymers with Paramagnetic Repeat Units AU - Schultz, DA AU - Hollomon, MG T2 - 208th National ACS Meeting C2 - 1994/8/1/ CY - Washington, D.C. DA - 1994/8/1/ PY - 1994/8/1/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Synthesis and Characterization of Galvinol-substituted SALEN Ligands AU - Schultz, D AU - Driscoll, DJ T2 - 208th National ACS Meeting C2 - 1994/8/1/ CY - Washington, D.C. DA - 1994/8/1/ PY - 1994/8/1/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Recent Advances in the Synthesis of High-spin Organic Molecules AU - Schultz, D T2 - Molecular Magnetic Materials Conference C2 - 1994/// CY - Salt Lake City, UT DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/11/22/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Multispin Organic Molecules AU - Shultz, D T2 - South East Magnetic Resonance Conference C2 - 1994/// DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/10/16/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrochemical Oxidation of a Galvinol-Substituted Alkanethiol Monolayer AU - Shultz, David A. AU - Tew, Gregory N. T2 - The Journal of Organic Chemistry AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical Oxidation of a Galvinol-Substituted Alkanethiol MonolayerDavid A. Shultz and Gregory N. TewCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 21, 6159–6160Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00100a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (266 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts DA - 1994/10// PY - 1994/10// DO - 10.1021/jo00100a012 VL - 59 IS - 21 SP - 6159-6160 J2 - J. Org. Chem. LA - en OP - SN - 0022-3263 1520-6904 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00100a012 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative stability of fluoroketone hemi-thio acetals, ketals and hydrates AU - Linderman, Russell J. AU - Tennyson, Scott D. AU - Shultz, David A. T2 - Tetrahedron Letters AB - The relative thermodynamic stability of hemi-thio acetals, ketals and hydrates of fluoroketones have been determined by AM1 and NMDO calculations of isodesmic reactions. DA - 1994/8// PY - 1994/8// DO - 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)78240-2 VL - 35 IS - 35 SP - 6437-6440 J2 - Tetrahedron Letters LA - en OP - SN - 0040-4039 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)78240-2 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of Polystyrene on Etched Silver Using Ion Scattering and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Correlation of Secondary Ion Yield in Time-of-Flight SIMS with Surface Coverage AU - Muddiman, David C. AU - Brockman, Adam H. AU - Proctor, Andrew AU - Houalla, Marwan AU - Hercules, David M. T2 - The Journal of Physical Chemistry AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of Polystyrene on Etched Silver Using Ion Scattering and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Correlation of Secondary Ion Yield in Time-of-Flight SIMS with Surface CoverageDavid C. Muddiman, Adam H. Brockman, Andrew Proctor, Marwan Houalla, and David M. HerculesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 44, 11570–11575Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/j100095a044RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (688 KB) Get e-Alerts DA - 1994/11// PY - 1994/11// DO - 10.1021/j100095a044 VL - 98 IS - 44 SP - 11570-11575 J2 - J. Phys. Chem. LA - en OP - SN - 0022-3654 1541-5740 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100095a044 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative Measurement of Cyclosporin A in Blood by Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry AU - Muddiman, David C. AU - Gusev, Arkady I. AU - Proctor, Andrew. AU - Hercules, David M. AU - Venkataraman, Raman. AU - Diven, Warren. T2 - Analytical Chemistry AB - Analytical methods have been developed for the detection and quantification of cyclosporin A (CsA) in blood using time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF-MS). Linear calibration curves were obtained for both methods in the range 25-2000 ng/mL in whole blood. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 7 and 23 ng/mL, respectively, for the TOF-SIMS method; the LOD and LOQ were 10 and 33 ng/mL, respectively, for the MALDI/TOF-MS method. Coefficients of variation ranged from 3 to 5% for the TOF-SIMS method and from 4 to 8% for the MALDI/TOF-MS method. Blood samples were also analyzed by a nonspecific method, fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), and by a specific method, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The TOF-MS results are in good agreement with the HPLC results, but not with the FPIA results. The TOF-MS methods can also provide information about CsA metabolites. DA - 1994/7/1/ PY - 1994/7/1/ DO - 10.1021/ac00086a023 VL - 66 IS - 14 SP - 2362-2368 J2 - Anal. Chem. LA - en OP - SN - 0003-2700 1520-6882 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00086a023 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stepwise activation of σ-thienyl ligands at di-tungsten centres AU - Chisholm, M.H. AU - Haubrich, S.T. AU - Martin, J.D. AU - Streib, W.E. T2 - Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications AB - The attachment of σ-2-thienyl and σ-2-benzothienyl ligands (but not σ-3-thiophenyl ligands) to W26+ containing centres leads to the stepwise opening of the five-membered ring to generate, in the presence of tert-butyl alcohol, a novel thiolato-µ-alkylidyne metallocylcle in W2(OBut)5(µ-SC4H3)(η1-2-SC4H3), which has been structurally characterized; the intermediate W2(OBut)4(µ-SC4H3)(η1-2-SC4H3), which contains a bridging thiolato–vinylidene metallocycle has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy. DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// DO - 10.1039/C39940000683 IS - 6 SP - 683-684 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-37049075190&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preparation, crystal structures, conductivities and electronic structures of [et]3[NiCl4]·H2O and [et]3[AuBr4] [et = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] AU - Martin, J.D. AU - Canadell, E. AU - Fitzmaurice, J.C. AU - Slawin, A.M.Z. AU - Williams, D.J. AU - Woollins, J.D. T2 - Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions AB - Single-crystal studies of [et]3[NiCl4]·H2O and [et]3[AuBr4][et = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] have revealed distinctly different packing motifs associated with the different anions. The nickel compound contains a sheet stack structure whilst the gold compound has a herringbone stack of et molecules. The stacking properties are discussed in the context of conductivity and band-theory calculations. The nickel compound exhibits metallic behaviour at room temperature. DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// DO - 10.1039/DT9940001995 IS - 13 SP - 1995-2004 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-37049066690&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Covalent linkage of [Mn4O2(O2CPh) 6(dbm)2] into a dimer and a one-dimensional polymer (dbmH = dibenzoylmethane) AU - Wang, S. AU - Tsai, H.-L. AU - Folting, K. AU - Martin, J.D. AU - Hendrickson, D.N. AU - Christou, G. T2 - Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications AB - Methods have been developed for covalently linking [Mn4O2(O2CPh)6(dbm)2]2(dbmH = dibenzoylmethane) units to give a dimer and a polymer; treatment of 2 with trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (bpe) or 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy) yields [Mn4O2(O2CPh)6(dbm)2(bpe)]24 and [Mn4O2(O2CPh)6(dbm)2(4,4′-bpy)]n5, respectively. DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// DO - 10.1039/C39940000671 IS - 5 SP - 671-673 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-37049067923&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel chain and oligomeric condensed cluster phases for gadolinium Iodides with manganese interstitials AU - Ebihara, M. AU - Martin, J.D. AU - Corbett, J.D. T2 - Inorganic Chemistry DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// VL - 33 IS - 10 SP - 2079-2084 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0001237670&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spectroscopic and excited-state properties of titanium dioxide gels AU - Castellano, F.N. AU - Stipkala, J.M. AU - Friedman, L.A. AU - Meyer, G.J. T2 - Chemistry of Materials DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// VL - 6 IS - 11 SP - 2123-2129 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0001039521&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Photophysical properties of ruthenium polypyridyl photonic SiO2 gels AU - Castellano, F.N. AU - Heimer, T.A. AU - Tandhasetti, M.T. AU - Meyer, G.J. T2 - Chemistry of Materials DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// VL - 6 IS - 7 SP - 1041-1048 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0000082516&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enhanced spectral sensitivity from ruthenium(II) polypyridyl based photovoltaic devices AU - Argazzi, R. AU - Bignozzi, C.A. AU - Heimer, T.A. AU - Castellano, F.N. AU - Meyer, G.J. T2 - Inorganic Chemistry DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// VL - 33 IS - 25 SP - 5741-5749 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33751158856&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physical and Instrumental Considerations in the Use of Lithium Phthalocyanine for Measurements of the Concentration of the Oxygen AU - Smirnov, A.I. AU - Norby, S.-W. AU - Walczak, T. AU - Liu, K.J. AU - Swartz, H.M. T2 - Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series B AB - The use of crystals of lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) to measure the concentration of oxygen in vivo and in vitro by electron paramagnetic resonance leads to experimental constraints due to the very narrow EPR lines that may occur (as narrow as 11-13 mG in the absence of O2), distortions induced by the automatic frequency control system, anisotropy in the spectra (orientation-dependent linewidth is 11-17 mG in the absence of O2), microwave power saturation, and the effect of physiological motion. These constraints can be overcome if recognized. This article highlights the experimental and theoretical basis of these properties of the EPR signal of LiPc and suggests some technical solutions. It is most important to recognize that paramagnetic species such as LiPc present problems that are not commonly encountered in EPR spectroscopy. DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// DO - 10.1006/jmrb.1994.1016 VL - 103 IS - 2 SP - 95-102 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028373460&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon-based standards for electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy AU - Auteri, F.P. AU - Belford, R.L. AU - Boyer, S. AU - Motsegood, K. AU - Smirnov, A. AU - Smirnova, T. AU - Vahidi, N. AU - Clarkson, R.B. T2 - Applied Magnetic Resonance DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// DO - 10.1007/BF03162495 VL - 6 IS - 1-2 SP - 287-308 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-21344494866&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Magnetic Susceptibility and Spin Exchange in Fusinite and Carbohydrate Chars AU - Smirnova, Tatyana I. AU - Smirnov, Alex I. AU - Clarkson, R. B. AU - Belford, R. Linn T2 - J. Phys. Chem. AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnetic Susceptibility and Spin Exchange in Fusinite and Carbohydrate CharsTatyana I. Smirnova, Alex I. Smirnov, R. B. Clarkson, and R. Linn BelfordCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 9, 2464–2468Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/j100060a039Request reuse permissions Article Views171Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (604 KB) Get e-Alerts DA - 1994/3// PY - 1994/3// DO - 10.1021/j100060a039 VL - 98 IS - 9 SP - 2464-2468 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0000920317&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of temperature on the respiration of cultured neural cells as studied by a novel electron paramagnetic resonance technique AU - Smirnov, Alex I. AU - Norby, Shong-Wan AU - Weyhenmeyer, James A. AU - Clarkson, R.B. T2 - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects AB - A new technique to study cellular respiration under steady-state conditions is described. For detection of oxygen concentration the technique utilizes lithium phthalocyanine crystals whose, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra are highly sensitive to oxygen. A gas permeable poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (TFE) capillary (i.d. = 0.81 mm; o.d. = 0.86 mm) is used to control the oxygen flux to the sample of cultured neural cells (N1E-115) of 50 microliters volume. The measured oxygen permeability of the TFE capillary exhibits Arrhenius law behavior (Ep = 21.2 kJ/mole) in the temperature range 15-43 degrees C. The observed increase in the respiratory rate of the N1E-115 cells with temperature can be described with an apparent activation energy of Ea = 110 +/- 20 kJ/mol. Cellular depolarization with 35 mM KCl increases the respiratory rate of the cells but gives the same activation energy. The results confirm a hypothesis that respiratory depolarizers affect only the total enzyme concentration and do not change the apparent Ea of the substrate-enzyme decomposition reaction. The theoretical treatment of oxygen diffusion in the system provides guidelines for designing steady-state cellular respiration experiments. DA - 1994/7// PY - 1994/7// DO - 10.1016/0304-4165(94)90137-6 VL - 1200 IS - 2 SP - 205-214 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028358508&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - NEUROBLASTOMA KW - RESPIRATION KW - ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE KW - OXIMETRY KW - OXYGEN DIFFUSION KW - POLYMER ER - TY - JOUR TI - Observation of a Triplet Phosphinidene by ESR Spectroscopy AU - Li, Xinhua AU - Weissman, S. I. AU - Lin, Tien-Sung AU - Gaspar, Peter P. AU - Cowley, Alan H. AU - Smirnov, Alex I. T2 - J. Am. Chem. Soc. AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTObservation of a Triplet Phosphinidene by ESR SpectroscopyXinhua Li, S. I. Weissman, Tien-Sung Lin, Peter P. Gaspar, Alan H. Cowley, and Alex I. SmirnovCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 17, 7899–7900Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00096a058RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views803Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (238 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts DA - 1994/8// PY - 1994/8// DO - 10.1021/ja00096a058 VL - 116 IS - 17 SP - 7899-7900 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0006169819&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Half-field EPR transitions in synthetic carbohydrate chars AU - Smirnova, Tatyana I. AU - Smirnov, Alex I. AU - Clarkson, R.B. AU - Belford, R.L. T2 - Solid State Communications AB - Abstract Half-field EPR transitions (g = 4.00) were observed in some synthetic carbohydrate chars prepared by heat treatment at temperatures less than 620°C. The half-field line has a lineshape similar to that of the main resonance and about the same intensity at transverse and longitudinal microwave excitation. Its relative intensity decreases with increasing char heat-treatment temperature. In contrast, no g = 4 transitions were detected for chars synthesized at temperatures greater than 620°C. The ratio of intensity of the half-field transition to that of the main resonance is about 10−6 and does not change from 4.5–55K. At 4.5K, the g = 4.00 line has about half of the linewidth of the main resonance. The observed half-field resonance can be explained by the existence of isolated aromatic radical clusters or by a low-dimensional spin-exchange network within the solid. DA - 1994/7// PY - 1994/7// DO - 10.1016/0038-1098(94)90309-3 VL - 91 IS - 4 SP - 319-323 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028464737&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - OPTIMIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR 2ND-ORDER NONLINEAR-OPTICAL APPLICATIONS AU - GORMAN, CB AU - VANDOREMAELE, GHJ AU - MARDER, , SR T2 - MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR ELECTRONICS DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// VL - 240 SP - 179-222 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A UNIFIED DESCRIPTION OF LINEAR AND NONLINEAR POLARIZATION IN ORGANIC POLYMETHINE DYES AU - MARDER, , SR AU - GORMAN, CB AU - MEYERS, F AU - al., T2 - SCIENCE DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// VL - 265 IS - 5172 SP - 632-635 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A REDOX FUEL-CELL THAT OPERATES WITH METHANE AS FUEL AT 120-DEGREES-C AU - BERGENS, SH AU - GORMAN, CB AU - PALMORE, GTR AU - al., T2 - SCIENCE DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// VL - 265 IS - 5177 SP - 1418-1420 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impedance spectroscopy of electroinactive thiolate films adsorbed on gold AU - Nahir, Tal M. AU - Bowden, Edmond F. T2 - Electrochimica Acta AB - Results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements of gold electrodes, which were modified by immersion in solutions of alkanethiols and other sulfur-containing derivatives, are reported. Three cases were investigated: a capacitive system, a completely covered and a partially covered electrode. A proposed model considers both through-film and at-defect electron transfer paths, and is compared with experimental results DA - 1994/11// PY - 1994/11// DO - 10.1016/0013-4686(94)00209-6 VL - 39 IS - 16 SP - 2347-2352 J2 - Electrochimica Acta LA - en OP - SN - 0013-4686 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(94)00209-6 DB - Crossref KW - ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY KW - SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS KW - FILM CAPACITANCE KW - FILM DEFECTS KW - ELECTRON TUNNELING ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dynamic Electrochemistry: Methodology and Application AU - Ryan, Michael D. AU - Bowden, Edmond F. AU - Chambers, James Q. T2 - Analytical Chemistry AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDynamic Electrochemistry: Methodology and ApplicationMichael D. Ryan, Edmond F. Bowden, and James Q. ChambersCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 12, 360–427Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00084a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2113Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (10 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts DA - 1994/6// PY - 1994/6// DO - 10.1021/ac00084a015 VL - 66 IS - 12 SP - 360-427 J2 - Anal. Chem. LA - en OP - SN - 0003-2700 1520-6882 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00084a015 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Linear-Sweep Voltammetry of Irreversible Electron Transfer in Surface-Confined Species Using the Marcus Theory AU - Nahir, Tal M. AU - Clark, Rose A. AU - Bowden, Edmond F. T2 - Analytical Chemistry AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLinear-Sweep Voltammetry of Irreversible Electron Transfer in Surface-Confined Species Using the Marcus TheoryTal M. Nahir, Rose A. Clark, and Edmond F. BowdenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 15, 2595–2598Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00087a027Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1564Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts DA - 1994/8// PY - 1994/8// DO - 10.1021/ac00087a027 VL - 66 IS - 15 SP - 2595-2598 J2 - Anal. Chem. LA - en OP - SN - 0003-2700 1520-6882 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00087a027 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enzyme-Substrate Kinetics of Adsorbed Cytochrome c Peroxidase on Pyrolytic Graphite Electrodes AU - Scott, Donna L. AU - Bowden, Edmond F. T2 - Analytical Chemistry AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzyme-Substrate Kinetics of Adsorbed Cytochrome c Peroxidase on Pyrolytic Graphite ElectrodesDonna L. Scott and Edmond F. BowdenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 8, 1217–1223Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 April 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00080a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (737 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts DA - 1994/4/15/ PY - 1994/4/15/ DO - 10.1021/ac00080a004 VL - 66 IS - 8 SP - 1217-1223 J2 - Anal. Chem. LA - en OP - SN - 0003-2700 1520-6882 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00080a004 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - ADSORPTIVE SQUARE-WAVE STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY FOR DETERMINATION OF AZOBENZENE AT TRACE LEVELS AU - XU, G AU - ODEA, JJ AU - MAHONEY, LA AU - OSTERYOUNG, JG T2 - ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorptive square wave stripping voltammetry for determination of azobenzene at trace levelsGang. Xu, John J. O'Dea, Louise A. Mahoney, and Janet G. OsteryoungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 6, 808–812Publication Date (Print):March 15, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 March 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00078a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (578 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts DA - 1994/3/15/ PY - 1994/3/15/ DO - 10.1021/ac00078a008 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - 808-812 SN - 0003-2700 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An adaptive model of perishable inventory dissipation in a nonstationary price environment AU - Vukina, T. AU - Anderson, J. L. T2 - Agricultural and Resource Economics Review AB - The paper develops an adaptive model of perishable commodity dissipation based on the individual's price expectations and risk perception. A two-step, state-space procedure for modeling nonstationary time series is presented. The method combines an impulse response model for estimating deterministic components with an innovations model for the remaining stationary stochastic noise. Combined parameters are used to generate forecasts and to derive a measure of risk in a nonstationary price environment. Defined as the variance (covariance) of out-of-sample forecast error, the measure of risk is the difference between the historical estimate of the stationary noise auto-covariance and the variance (covariance) of out-of-sample forecasts. The optimal marketing strategy for a hypothetical salmon processor who sells to Japanese wholesalers is developed to illustrate the model. The solution is obtained using quadratic programming algorithm. DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// DO - 10.1017/s1068280500000356 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 1 ER - TY - PAT TI - Pyridinecarboxaldehyde D-ring intermediates useful for the synthesis of camptothecin and camptothecin analogs AU - Comins, D. L. AU - Baevsky, M. F. C2 - 1994/// DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Process for making DE ring intermediates for the synthesis of camptothecin and camptothecin analogs AU - Comins, D. L. AU - Baesky, M. F. C2 - 1994/// DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Method and apparatus for measuring classes and subclasses of lipoproteins AU - Otvos, J. C2 - 1994/// DA - 1994/// PY - 1994/// ER -