TY - JOUR TI - Strategic Online and Offline Retail Pricing: A Review and Research Agenda AU - Grewal, Dhruv AU - Janakiraman, Ramkumar AU - Kalyanam, Kirthi AU - Kannan, P.K. AU - Ratchford, Brian AU - Song, Reo AU - Tolerico, Stephen T2 - Journal of Interactive Marketing AB - In the increasingly complex retailing environment, more and more retailers operate in more than one channel, such as brick-and-mortar, catalogs, and online. Success in this dynamic environment relies on the strategic management and coordination of both online and offline pricing. This article provides an overview of findings from past research in both offline and online domains and presents an organizing framework, as well as an agenda to spur additional research. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1016/j.intmar.2010.02.007 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 138-154 J2 - Journal of Interactive Marketing LA - en OP - SN - 1094-9968 1520-6653 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2010.02.007 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE SHAKY LADDER HYPERPLANE-DEFINED FUNCTIONS AND CLASSIC DYNAMIC PROBLEMS T2 - International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications AB - To improve the understanding of the GA in dynamic environments we explore a set of test problems, the shaky ladder hyper-defined functions (sl-hdf), and extend these functions to create versions that are equivalent to many classical dynamic problems. We do this by constraining the space of all sl-hdfs to create representations of these classical functions. We have examined three classical problems, and compared sl-hdf versions of these problems with their standard representations. These results show that the sl-hdfs are representative of a larger class of problems, and can represent a larger class of test suite. Previous results on sl-hdf showed that GA performance is best in the Defined Cliffs variant of the sl-hdf. We build upon these results to improve GA performance in several classes of real world dynamic problems by modifying the problem representation. These results lend insight into dynamic problems where the GA will perform well. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1142/S1469026810002756 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/56056149/ KW - Genetic algorithms KW - dynamic environments KW - shaky ladder hyper-defined functions KW - building blocks KW - representation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Do wall street economists believe in Okun’s Law and the Taylor Rule? AU - Mitchell, K. AU - Pearce, D.K. T2 - Journal of Economics and Finance DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1007/s12197-009-9085-3 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 196-217 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855541930&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - New Choices, New Information: Do Choice Abundance and Information Complexity Hurt Aging Consumers' Medical Decision Making? AU - Wood, Stacy L. AU - Shinogle, Judith A. AU - McInnes, Melayne M. T2 - The Aging Consumer: Perspectives from Psychology and Economics A2 - Drolet, Aimee A2 - Schwarz, Norbert A2 - Yoon, Carolyn PY - 2010/// SP - 131-147 PB - Routledge SN - 9780203852941 9781136980183 9781136980138 9781136980176 9781848728103 9781848728110 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Preparing for the worst: Sustaining suppliers though the economic crisis AU - Handfield, R. T2 - Managing Global Supply Chain Relationships: Operations, Strategies and Practices AB - The economic crisis has taken a major toll on almost every industry, as well as key customers and suppliers in all sectors of the economy. Supply chain managers are increasingly concerned about the financial impact on key customers and suppliers, deferred commitments and outstanding accounts. In an effort to probe into the underlying assumptions that their actions are based upon, the author surveyed supply chain executives, identifying key patterns that are beginning to emerge across industries and countermeasures that are being taken in response. Three key themes emerged. First, buyers and suppliers are co-dependent, and they should think within this context when faced with financial stress. Second, there is a need to better understand the warning signs and establish channels of communication, to address the key risks related to financial stress. Finally, managers should emphasize the need to better manage supplier relationships through modeling and event analysis, allowing them to take preventive actions before problems occur. These themes are discussed and developed into a set of propositions, as a foundation for future research. PY - 2010/// DO - 10.4018/978-1-61692-862-9.ch001 SP - 1-15 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84899291186&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Work Status Congruence’s Relation to Employee Attitudes and Behaviors: The Moderating Role of Procedural Justice AU - Carr, Jon C. AU - Gregory, Brian T. AU - Harris, Stanley G. T2 - Journal of Business and Psychology DA - 2010/1/7/ PY - 2010/1/7/ DO - 10.1007/s10869-009-9151-z VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 583-592 J2 - J Bus Psychol LA - en OP - SN - 0889-3268 1573-353X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10869-009-9151-z DB - Crossref KW - Work status congruence KW - Procedural justice KW - Organizational commitment KW - Organizational citizenship behavior ER - TY - JOUR TI - A study of the moderating effects of firm age at internationalization on firm survival and short-term growth AU - Carr, Jon C. AU - Haggard, K. Stephen AU - Hmieleski, Keith M. AU - Zahra, Shaker A. T2 - Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal AB - Abstract Research on firm internationalization has focused primarily on the antecedents, rather than outcomes, of the strategic decision to enter foreign markets. In addition, factors moderating the outcomes of internationalization have not received systematic analysis. Aiming to fill these gaps in the literature, the current study examines the moderating effects of firm age on postinternationalization survival and growth. Consistent with the liabilities of newness perspective, we suggest that firm age will have a positive moderating effect on postinternationalization survival. Building from the liabilities of aging perspective, we propose that firm age will have a negative moderating effect on postinternationalization short‐term growth. We test these arguments using a longitudinal sample of 787 firms. Results showed that, postinternationalization, younger firms experienced significantly higher rates of short‐term growth than older firms. Findings regarding firm age and survival, postinternationalization, were, however, not conclusive. Overall, our findings indicate that the timing of internationalization has important implications with regard to the short‐term growth of firms. Copyright © 2010 Strategic Management Society. DA - 2010/6/11/ PY - 2010/6/11/ DO - 10.1002/sej.90 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 183-192 J2 - Strat.Entrepreneurship J. LA - en OP - SN - 1932-4391 1932-443X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sej.90 DB - Crossref KW - internationalization KW - firm age KW - firm survival KW - firm growth KW - liabilities of newness ER - TY - JOUR TI - The value of losing control: Competition in markets for complements AU - Pun, Hubert AU - Heese, H. Sebastian T2 - Naval Research Logistics AB - Abstract When selling complementary products, manufacturers can often benefit from considering the resulting cross‐market interdependencies. Although using independent retailers makes it difficult to internalize these positive externalities, the ensuing double marginalization can mitigate within‐market competition. We use standard game theoretic analysis to determine optimal distribution channel strategies (through independent retailers or integrated) for competing manufacturers who participate in markets for complements. Our results suggest that a firm's optimal channel choice is highly dependent on its competitive positioning. A firm with a competitive advantage in terms of product characteristics (customer preferences) or production capabilities (cost) might benefit from selling through company‐controlled stores, allowing coordinated pricing across the two markets, whereas a less competitive firm might be better off using independent channel intermediaries to mitigate price competition. We consider two scenarios depending on whether the two firms make their distribution channel decisions sequentially or simultaneously. Although firms are unlikely to make such decisions at exactly the same instant, the simultaneous model also serves as a proxy for the scenario where firms decide sequentially, but where they cannot observe each other's strategic channel choices. For the sequential case, we find that the sequence of entry can have tremendous impact on the two firms'profits; whereas in some cases, the first mover can achieve substantially higher profits, we find that when the two markets are of sufficiently different size and only loosely related, a firm with a competitive advantage might be better off as a follower. Interestingly, our results suggest that, when the markets are of rather similar size, both firms are better off if they enter the industry sequentially. In those cases, the first entrant has incentive to reveal its planned channel strategies, and the follower has incentive to seek out and consider this information. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010 DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1002/nav.20397 VL - 57 IS - 2 SP - 188-210 SN - 0894-069X 1520-6750 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nav.20397 KW - distribution channels KW - competition KW - complementary markets ER - TY - JOUR TI - Competing with channel partners: Supply chain conflict when retailers introduce store brands AU - Heese, Hans Sebastian T2 - Naval Research Logistics AB - Abstract Private‐label products are of increasing importance in many retail categories. While national‐brand products are designed by the manufacturer and sold by the retailer, the positioning of store‐brand products is under the complete control of the retailer. We consider a scenario where products differ on a performance quality dimension and we analyze how retailer–manufacturer interactions in product positioning are affected by the introduction of a private‐label product. Specifically, we consider a national‐brand manufacturer who determines the quality of its product as well the product's wholesale price charged to the retailer. Given the national‐brand quality and wholesale price, the retailer then decides the quality level of its store brand and sets the retail prices for both products. We find that a manufacturer can derive substantial benefits from considering a retailer's store‐brand introduction when determining the national brand's quality and wholesale price. If the retailer has a significant cost disadvantage in producing high‐quality products, the manufacturer does not need to adjust the quality of the national‐brand product, but he should offer a wholesale price discount to ensure its distribution through the retailer. If the retailer is competitive in providing products of high‐quality, the manufacturer should reduce this wholesale price discount and increase the national‐brand quality to mitigate competition. Interestingly, we find the retailer has incentive to announce a store‐brand introduction to induce the manufacturer's consideration of these plans in determining the national‐brand product quality and wholesale price. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010 DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1002/nav.20412 VL - 57 IS - 5 SP - 441-459 SN - 0894-069X 1520-6750 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nav.20412 KW - supply chain management KW - store brands KW - channel conflict KW - vertical product positioning ER - TY - CONF TI - Optimal ordering policy characterization in an unreliable supply chain AU - Ahiska, S.S. AU - Appaji, S.R. AU - King, R.E. AU - Wang, Y. AU - Warsing, D.P. C2 - 2010/// C3 - IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2010 Proceedings DA - 2010/// UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84901009083&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Problem with Zoning: Nonlinear Effects of Interactions between Location Preferences and Externalities on Land Use and Utility AU - Zellner, Moira L AU - Riolo, Rick L AU - Rand, William AU - Brown, Daniel G AU - Page, Scott E AU - Fernandez, Luis E T2 - Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design AB - An important debate in the literature on exurban sprawl is whether low-density development results from residential demand, as operationalized by developers, or from exclusionary zoning policies. Central to this debate is the purpose of zoning, which could alternatively be a mechanism to increase the utility of residents by separating land uses and reducing spillover effects of development, or an obstacle to market mechanisms that would otherwise allow the realization of residential preferences. To shed light on this debate, we developed an agent-based model of land-use change to study how the combined effects of zoning-enforcement levels, density preferences, preference heterogeneity, and negative externalities from development affect exurban development and the utility of residents. Our computational experiments show that sprawl is not inevitable, even when most of the population prefers low densities. The presence of negative externalities consistently encourage sprawl while decreasing average utility and flattening the utility distribution. Zoning can reduce sprawl by concentrating development in specific areas, but in doing so decreases average utility and increases inequality. Zoning does not internalize externalities; instead, it contains externalities in areas of different development density so that residents bear the burden of the external effects of the density they prefer. Effects vary with residential preference distributions and levels of zoning enforcement. These initial investigations can help inform policy makers about the conditions under which zoning enforcement is preferable to free-market development and vice versa. Future work will focus on the environmental impacts of different settlement patterns and the role land-use and market-based policies play in this relationship. DA - 2010/6// PY - 2010/6// DO - 10.1068/b35053 VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 408-428 J2 - Environ Plann B Plann Des LA - en OP - SN - 0265-8135 1472-3417 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b35053 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Supply chain interactions due to store-brand introductions: The impact of retail competition AU - Groznik, Ana AU - Heese, H. Sebastian T2 - European Journal of Operational Research AB - Store-brand products are of increasing importance in retailing, often causing channel conflict as they compete with national brands. Focusing on the interactions that arise in single-manufacturer single-retailer settings, previous research suggests that one main driver of store-brand profitability to the retailer is that it leads to a reduction of the national-brand wholesale price. Under retail competition, the Robinson Patman Act then introduces an interesting trade-off: A retailer that introduces a store brand incurs the associated costs and risks, while sharing this benefit with its competition. We show that the resulting interactions can cause retailers to play “chicken”, either of them preferring a store-brand introduction by the competitor. Such interactions do not arise in channels with a single retailer, as has been the object of most previous research, and we show that some of the key insights derived from single-retailer models fail to hold when retailers compete. We conduct a numeric study, and our findings suggest that retailers are more likely to randomize their store-brand introduction strategies when customers have strong store preferences, and when the retailers’ store-brand products are similar to the national-brand product in terms of customer valuations and production cost. DA - 2010/6// PY - 2010/6// DO - 10.1016/j.ejor.2009.08.014 VL - 203 IS - 3 SP - 575-582 J2 - European Journal of Operational Research LA - en OP - SN - 0377-2217 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2009.08.014 DB - Crossref KW - Supply chain management KW - Store brands KW - Competition KW - Vertical product differentiation KW - Game theory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Supply Chain Conflict Due to Store Brands: The Value of Wholesale Price Commitment in a Retail Supply Chain* AU - Groznik, Ana AU - Heese, H. Sebastian T2 - Decision Sciences AB - ABSTRACT Store brands are of increasing importance in retail supply chains, often causing channel conflict, as the retailer's product directly competes with the manufacturer's national brand. Extant research on the resulting channel interactions either assumes the national brand manufacturer can credibly commit to maintaining a wholesale price or that he lacks such ability. However, these two scenarios imply very different supply chain interactions, as only a national brand manufacturer with commitment ability can strategically adjust a national brand wholesale price to prevent a store brand introduction by the retailer. We specifically analyze the impact of this assumption on the manufacturer, the retailer, and the customers. We determine when long‐term contracts that provide the manufacturer with such commitment ability can improve supply chain profitability. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1111/j.1540-5915.2010.00265.x VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 203-230 LA - en OP - SN - 0011-7315 1540-5915 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2010.00265.x DB - Crossref KW - Channel Conflict KW - Commitment KW - Store Brands KW - Supply Chain Contracts KW - Supply Chain Design KW - Vertical Product Differentiation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inventory and sales effort management under unobservable lost sales AU - Heese, H. Sebastian AU - Swaminathan, Jayashankar M. T2 - European Journal of Operational Research AB - A retailer needs to make decisions regarding how much to order and how much sales effort to exert in an environment with uncertain demand. One intrinsic complexity in a typical retail environment is caused by the fact that the retailer can obtain information about demand only based on sales, as demand itself is unobservable. Taking a Bayesian approach, Lariviere and Porteus (1999) show that in such a setting a retailer should stock more to increase the probability of an exact demand observation. In this article, we extend their work by allowing the retailer to control both the stocking quantity and sales effort, which can be used to affect demand. We show that their insights with respect to information stalking carry over to this setting. In addition, our model allows gaining a better understanding of optimal sales effort strategies. We find that demand management has a dual role in supporting information gathering: while at the beginning of a product life cycle it is optimal to support learning effects by sharply reducing sales effort, at later stages of the product life cycle an aggressive strategy of increased promotional activities can be used to harvest the information gathered in earlier periods. DA - 2010/12// PY - 2010/12// DO - 10.1016/j.ejor.2010.06.016 VL - 207 IS - 3 SP - 1263-1268 J2 - European Journal of Operational Research LA - en OP - SN - 0377-2217 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2010.06.016 DB - Crossref KW - Bayesian inventory management KW - Sales effort KW - Unobservable lost sales ER - TY - JOUR TI - Smart Subcategories: How Assortment Formats Influence Consumer Learning and Satisfaction AU - Poynor, Cait AU - Wood, Stacy T2 - Journal of Consumer Research AB - Journal Article Smart Subcategories: How Assortment Formats Influence Consumer Learning and Satisfaction Get access Cait Poynor, Cait Poynor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stacy Wood Stacy Wood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 37, Issue 1, June 2010, Pages 159–175, https://doi.org/10.1086/649906 Published: 16 December 2009 DA - 2010/6// PY - 2010/6// DO - 10.1086/649906 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 159-175 J2 - J Consum Res LA - en OP - SN - 0093-5301 1537-5277 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/649906 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Comfort Food Fallacy: Avoiding Old Favorites in Times of Change AU - Wood, Stacy T2 - Journal of Consumer Research AB - Journal Article The Comfort Food Fallacy: Avoiding Old Favorites in Times of Change Get access Stacy Wood Stacy Wood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 36, Issue 6, April 2010, Pages 950–963, https://doi.org/10.1086/644749 Published: 08 September 2009 DA - 2010/4// PY - 2010/4// DO - 10.1086/644749 VL - 36 IS - 6 SP - 950-963 J2 - J Consum Res LA - en OP - SN - 0093-5301 1537-5277 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/644749 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - Food Safety—Emerging Public-Private Approaches: A Perspective for Local, State, and Federal Government Leaders AU - Greis, Noel P. AU - Nogueira, Monica L. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// SP - 6-43 UR - http://www.businessofgovernment.org/sites/default/files/Food%20Safety.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance Modeling of Virtual Collaborative Environments AU - Gavaskar, Nilesh AU - Kallitsis, Michael G. AU - Devetsikiotis, Michael AU - Michailidis, George AU - Montoya, Mitzi T2 - 2010 IEEE GLOBECOM WORKSHOPS AB - In this paper, we present a framework for performance modeling of virtual collaborative environments (VCE). Our model could be used as benchmarking tool for assessing the quality of experience of participants in a virtual environment. Our framework is designed to assess Second Life type of environments but could easily be extended to any kind of virtual worlds. We examine the case of users communicating via chatting and voice. We capture the performance for both cases and using response surface methodology techniques we derive a utility function that yields the performance of the examined environment given the available computing and communication resources. We propose a pricing scheme and based on this we formulate optimization problems for optimal resource allocation for VCEs. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1109/glocomw.2010.5700165 SP - 1383-1387 SN - 2166-0069 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Connecting it services operations to services marketing practices AU - Montoya, M. M. AU - Massey, A. P. AU - Khatri, V. T2 - Journal of Management Information Systems DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 65-85 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The strategic effects of multimarket contact: Mutual forbearance and competitive response in the personal computer industry AU - Kang, W. AU - Bayus, B. L. AU - Balasubramanian, S. T2 - Journal of Marketing Research DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 47 IS - 3 SP - 415-427 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Breeding success of Northern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes moseleyi) at Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean AU - Wilson, J. W. AU - Burle, M. H. AU - Cuthbert, R. AU - Stirnemann, R. L. AU - Ryan, P. G. T2 - Emu DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 110 IS - 2 SP - 137-141 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transfer and Adoption of Advanced Information Technology Solutions in Resource-Poor Environments: The Case of Telemedicine Systems Adoption in Ethiopia AU - Kifle, Mengistu AU - Payton, Fay Cobb AU - Mbarika, Victor AU - Meso, Peter T2 - TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH AB - The diffusion and adoption of technologies such as information and computer technology in resource-poor environments such as Ethiopia is driven more by physician attitude and behavior. There are only 1,807 physicians in Ethiopia. A seven-point Likert questionnaire was sent to 260 physicians and 144 returned (55%). This effort was endorsed by the National Telemedicine Committee of Ethiopia. The model used to access individual behavior illustrates the challenges faced in Ethiopia to adopt telemedicine. The study of the adoption of information technology (IT) by individuals has taken two approaches, one emphasizing rationalistic goal-oriented behavior and the other focusing on poignant forces that influence an individual's reaction to a new IT. These approaches are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Individuals' acceptance and subsequent usage of a new IT is predicated on both. Additionally, the tendency in past studies has been to examine either the rational or the poignant factors in the context of a “resource-rich” environment—one in which there is an abundance of IT, adequate infrastructure, and a high level of acculturation to technology solutions. Consequently, there is a clear need for the examination of these factors in resource-poor environments, where assumptions on technology abundance and technology culturation do not hold. We empirically test a model that explains the intention of physicians in a resource-poor environment (epitomized by rural Ethiopia) to adopt telemedicine systems. This model integrates the rational factors driving goal-oriented behavior with the poignant/emotive factors that are an innate part of each adopter's reaction to the new technology. We use the model to expose salient contextual factors that explain the acceptance behavior of individuals toward complex information and communications technology (ICT) solutions and implications of these on the management of technology transfer initiatives in a resource-poor environment. The model is parsimonious, yet explains 28% of the variance in the intention to adopt telemedicine systems and 58% in perceived ease of use. The theoretical and practical implications of this model are discussed. Namely, Sub-Saharan African, in general, and Ethiopian culture, in particular, plays an integral role in the adoption of ICT solutions. Organizational positions and roles among physicians, clinical professionals, and superiors stand to impact the adoption of telemedicine and other healthcare applications. Last, the degree to which users perceive that ICT is easy to use (i.e., ease of use) can be a function of technology experience and can influence perceived usefulness on behalf of users and healthcare organizations. DA - 2010/4// PY - 2010/4// DO - 10.1089/tmj.2009.0008 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 327-343 SN - 1556-3669 KW - telemedicine KW - healthcare KW - technology acceptance KW - information technology (IT) adoption KW - sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) KW - Ethiopia ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling the impact of comorbidity on breast cancer patient outcomes AU - Zhang, Shengfan AU - Ivy, Julie Simmons AU - Payton, Fay Cobb AU - Diehl, Kathleen M. T2 - HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT SCIENCE DA - 2010/6// PY - 2010/6// DO - 10.1007/s10729-009-9119-6 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 137-154 SN - 1572-9389 KW - Nationwide inpatient sample KW - Breast cancer KW - Comorbidity KW - Descriptive statistics KW - Least squares regression KW - Survival analysis KW - Logistic regression KW - Censoring KW - Length of stay KW - Total charges KW - Mortality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Job types in the supply chain management profession AU - Rossetti, C. L. AU - Dooley, K. J. T2 - Journal of Supply Chain Management DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 40-56 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Investments: Analysis and management (11th ed.) AU - Jones, C. P. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// PB - Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc SN - 9780470477120 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Adaptive health management information systems: Concepts, cases, and practical applications AU - Tan, J. AU - Payton, F.C. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// PB - Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett SN - 9780763756918 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Effects of Market Network Heterogeneity on Innovation Diffusion: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach AU - Bohlmann, Jonathan D. AU - Calantone, Roger J. AU - Zhao, Meng T2 - JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT AB - Innovations usually have an initial impact on very few people. The period of learning or early evaluation precedes the diffusion of the technology into the wider addressed population. More than a transfer, this is best characterized as communication of benefits, costs, and compatibility with earlier technologies and a relative assessment of the new state of the art. Innovation development by an organization or individual creates not just a device (i.e., process or tacit knowledge) but concomitantly a capacity on the part of other organizations or persons to use, adopt, replicate, enhance, or modify the technology, skills, or knowledge for their own purposes. How innovations actually diffuse is to understand the communication of progress, and this framing helps one to design innovations and also design the marketing and testing programs to ready innovations for market and launch them efficiently. Diffusion theory's main focus is on the flow of information within a social system, such as via mass media and word‐of‐mouth communications. This theory presents often in the form of mathematical models of innovation and imitation. Distinct from classical diffusion models, however, consumers are not all identical in how they connect to others within a market or how they respond to information. We examine the effects of various network structures and relational heterogeneity on innovation diffusion within market networks. Specifically, network topology (the structure of how individuals in the market are connected) and the strength of communication links between innovator and follower market segments (a form of relational heterogeneity) are studied. Several research questions concerning network heterogeneity are addressed with an agent‐based modeling approach. The present study's findings are based on simulation results that show important effects of network structure on the diffusion process. The ability to speed diffusion varies significantly according to within‐ and cross‐segment communications within a heterogeneous network structure. The implications of the present approach for new product diffusion are discussed, and future research directions are suggested that may add useful insights into the complex social networks inherent to diffusion. A simple summary is that discovery of significant prime communicator nodes in a network allows innovation development practices to be better calibrated to realistically multiple market segments. DA - 2010/9// PY - 2010/9// DO - 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00748.x VL - 27 IS - 5 SP - 741-760 SN - 1540-5885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acquisitions and real options: The greenfield alternative AU - Brouthers, K. D. AU - Dikova, D. T2 - Journal of Management Studies DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 47 IS - 6 SP - 1048-1071 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Building partnerships between academia and biosciences companies AU - Turula, V. AU - Malkar, N. AU - Kouri, R. E. T2 - Biopharm International DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 54-59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Valley of Death as Context for Role Theory in Product Innovation AU - Markham, Stephen K. AU - Ward, Stephen J. AU - Aiman-Smith, Lynda AU - Kingon, Angus I. T2 - JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT AB - The purpose of this paper is to define and explain the front end of product innovation as a discrete segment of development between research and product development. The Valley of Death is used as a metaphor to describe the relative lack of resources and expertise in this area of development. The metaphor suggests that there are relative more resources on one side of the valley in the form of research expertise and on the other side by commercialization expertise and resources. Within this valley a set of interlocking roles are examined that move projects from one side to the other. The empirical methodology used in this study gathered data from 272 Product Development & Management Association (PDMA) members with extensive experience in the front end of product development using a Web-based survey instrument. Extensive pretests with experienced practitioners were conducted to develop the instrument. Results indicate that significant development takes place before projects enter into a firm's formal product development process. The data also support the roles of champion, sponsor, and gatekeeper as major actors that work together to develop and promote projects for introduction into the formal process. Champions make the organization aware of opportunities by conceptualizing the idea and preparing business cases. Sponsors support the development of promising ideas by providing resources to demonstrate the project's viability. Gatekeepers set criteria and make acceptance decisions. The data also reveal a dynamic interdependence between role players. It is concluded that the Valley of Death is a productive tool for identifying and understanding a critical area of development that has not been adequately addressed. This research finds a dynamic interplay between roles to accomplish tasks that are not well understood in practice or the literature. The implications of this research are far-ranging. It suggests that companies must understand the challenges in the valley, must develop the skills, and must make resources available to master the front end of product innovation. Recognizing roles, providing resources, and establishing expectations and accountability in this area of development become manageable in light of these results. Theoretically, this research informs role theory of a dynamic set of relationships previously treated as static. It also empirically investigates an area of product development where there is limited data. This paper opens profitable inquiries by focusing on an area of development not adequately researched yet drives the activities and investment made in subsequent steps of product development. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00724.x VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 402-417 SN - 1540-5885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reputation for Product Innovation: Its Impact on Consumers* AU - Henard, David H. AU - Dacin, Peter A. T2 - JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT AB - Just as firms compete for customers, they also vie for reputational status across their relevant constituent groups. To many firms, a reputation as an innovative company is something that is both prized and actively sought after. Despite an abundance of anecdotal evidence pointing to several firms' active pursuit of an innovative reputation, there is little empirical evidence to evaluate the soundness of this pursuit. On a general level, this research recognizes that firms compete for competitive advantage via their tangible and intangible resources. Much of the innovation literature centers on the tangible impact that new product development initiatives have on outcomes of innovation. Yet research investigations of the less tangible facets of innovation, such as a reputation, remain relatively uninvestigated despite their promise as a source of sustainable competitive advantage. This study investigates the effects of a corporate reputation for product innovation (RPI) and its impact on consumers. Consumer involvement levels are proposed to mediate the relationship between RPI and consumer outcomes. Empirical results indicate that a high consumer perceived RPI, via the involvement construct, leads to excitement toward and heightened loyalty to the innovative firm. A more positive overall corporate image and tolerance for occasional product failures are also positive outcomes noted in the results. Contrary to expectations, a high perceived RPI does not lead to a consumer propensity to pay price premiums. DA - 2010/5// PY - 2010/5// DO - 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00719.x VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 321-335 SN - 1540-5885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How Internet Users' Privacy Concerns Have Evolved since 2002 AU - Anton, Annie I. AU - Earp, Julia B. AU - Young, Jessica D. T2 - IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY AB - Internet privacy was the topic in this paper. A 2008 survey revealed that US Internet users' top three privacy concerns haven't changed since 2002, but privacy-related events might have influenced their level of concern within certain categories. The authors describe their results as well as the differences in privacy concerns between US and international respondents. They also mentioned that individuals have become more concerned about personalization in customized browsing experiences, monitored purchasing patterns, and targeted marketing and research. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1109/msp.2010.38 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 21-27 SN - 1540-7993 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysing risks in supply networks to facilitate outsourcing decisions AU - Lockamy, Archie, III AU - McCormack, Kevin T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH AB - In an effort to achieve a competitive advantage via cost reductions and improved market responsiveness, organisations are increasingly employing outsourcing as a major component of their supply chain strategies. However, as organisations increase their dependence on the suppliers of outsourced raw materials and components, they become more susceptible to their risk profiles. Supplier risk profiles are comprised of risk events which are associated with the supply network, internal operations, or external factors. Suppliers with a high probability of risk event occurrences can have a substantial impact on an organisation's revenue stream. Thus, it is essential that organisations have the means to analyse the risks associated with a supplier of outsourced materials. This article presents a methodology for analysing risks in supply networks to facilitate outsourcing decisions. The methodology includes the development of a risk profile for a given supplier through the creation of Bayesian networks. The networks are used to analyse a supplier's external, operational and network risk probabilities, and the associated revenue impact on the organisation. The methodology can be used by supply chain professionals to facilitate outsourcing decisions with either current or prospective suppliers. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010/// DO - 10.1080/00207540903175152 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 593-611 SN - 1366-588X KW - outsourcing KW - supply networks KW - supply chain risks KW - risk events KW - Bayesian networks ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dynamic Effects Among Movie Ratings, Movie Revenues, and Viewer Satisfaction AU - Moon, Sangkil AU - Bergey, Paul K. AU - Iacobucci, Dawn T2 - JOURNAL OF MARKETING AB - This research investigates how movie ratings from professional critics, amateur communities, and viewers themselves influence key movie performance measures (i.e., movie revenues and new movie ratings). Using movie-level data, the authors find that high early movie revenues enhance subsequent movie ratings. They also find that high advertising spending on movies supported by high ratings maximizes the movie's revenues. Furthermore, they empirically show that sequel movies tend to reap more revenues but receive lower ratings than originals. Using individual viewer–level data, this research highlights how viewers’ own viewing and rating histories and movie communities’ collective opinions explain viewer satisfaction. The authors find that various aspects of these ratings explain viewers’ new movie ratings as a measure of viewer satisfaction, after controlling for movie characteristics. Furthermore, they find that viewers’ movie experiences can cause them to become more critical in ratings over time. Finally, they find a U-shaped relationship between viewers’ genre preferences and genre-specific movie ratings for heavy viewers. DA - 2010/1// PY - 2010/1// DO - 10.1509/jmkg.74.1.108 VL - 74 IS - 1 SP - 108-121 SN - 1547-7185 KW - movie ratings KW - professional critics KW - amateur communities KW - movie revenues KW - consumer satisfaction ER - TY - JOUR TI - A study of variations in the reported haemophilia A prevalence around the world AU - Stonebraker, J. S. AU - Bolton-Maggs, P. H. B. AU - Soucie, J. Michael AU - Walker, I. AU - Brooker, M. T2 - HAEMOPHILIA AB - The objectives of this paper were to study the reported haemophilia A prevalence (per 100 000 males) on a country-by-country basis and address the following: Does the reported prevalence of haemophilia A vary by national economies? We collected prevalence data for 106 countries from the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) annual global surveys and the literature. We found that the reported haemophilia A prevalence varied considerably among countries, even among the wealthiest of countries. The prevalence (per 100 000 males) for high income countries was 12.8 +/- 6.0 (mean +/- SD) whereas it was 6.6 +/- 4.8 for the rest of the world. Within a country, there was a strong trend of increasing prevalence over time--the prevalence for Canada ranged from 10.2 in 1989 to 14.2 in 2008 (R = 0.94 and P < 0.001) and for the United Kingdom it ranged from 9.3 in 1974 to 21.6 in 2006 (R = 0.94 and P < 0.001). Prevalence data reported from the WFH compared well with prevalence data from the literature. Patient registries generally provided the highest quality of prevalence data. The lack of accurate country-specific prevalence data has constrained planning efforts for the treatment and care of people with haemophilia A. With improved information, healthcare agencies can assess budgetary needs to develop better diagnostic and treatment facilities for affected patients and families and work to ensure adequate supplies of factor VIII concentrates for treatment. In addition, this information can help manufacturers plan the production of concentrates and prevent future shortages. DA - 2010/1// PY - 2010/1// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02127.x VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 20-32 SN - 1365-2516 KW - economics KW - epidemiology KW - haemophilia A KW - prevalence KW - World Federation of Hemophilia ER - TY - JOUR TI - A study of reported factor VIII use around the world AU - Stonebraker, J. S. AU - Brooker, M. AU - Amand, R. E. AU - Farrugia, A. AU - Srivastava, A. T2 - HAEMOPHILIA AB - The effect of replacement therapy has significantly improved the morbidity and mortality of people with haemophilia A in high income countries, a recent socio-economic development as the availability of safe concentrates has been matched by a willingness for their provision through reimbursement. In the developing world, however, this state has not been achieved, primarily because of the low visibility of haemophilia coupled with its expense, leading to inadequate treatment with its sequelae of severe pain, joint deformities, arthropathy, disabilities, and even death in childhood or early adult life. The objective of this paper was to study the reported factor VIII (FVIII) use on a country-by-country basis. Data on the reported FVIII use for 104 countries were obtained from the Marketing Research Bureau, Inc. and the World Federation of Hemophilia. The results show that FVIII use varies considerably among countries, even among the wealthiest of countries. The use of FVIII concentrate increases as economic capacity increases; in addition, consumption of FVIII has been increasing at a greater rate in high income countries. Given these trends, there probably will be a global increase in FVIII concentrates usage. Such information is critical for national healthcare agencies to determine realistic budget priorities in planning for an increased allocation of resources required to improve the treatment of patients with haemophilia A. This information is also important for pharmaceutical manufacturers to adequately plan for increased production of FVIII concentrates. DA - 2010/1// PY - 2010/1// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02131.x VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 33-46 SN - 1365-2516 KW - economics KW - factor VIII (FVIII) use KW - FVIII concentrate KW - haemophilia A KW - national healthcare planning KW - production planning KW - World Federation of Hemophilia ER -