TY - JOUR TI - Which Loans are Relationship Loans? Evidence from the 1998 Survey of Small Business Finances AU - Mitchell, Karlyn AU - Pearce, Douglas K T2 - Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance & Business Ventures DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 1–33 ER - TY - CHAP TI - In the Spotlight: The Drama of Gift Reception AU - Wooten, David AU - Wood, Stacy L. T2 - Contemporary Consumption Rituals: A Research Anthology A2 - Otnes, Cele C. A2 - Lowrey, Tina PY - 2004/// SP - 213–236 PB - Lawrence Erlbaum Associates ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trust, power, dependence, and economics: can SCM research borrow paradigms? AU - Handfield, R.B. AU - Bechtel, C. T2 - International Journal of Integrated Supply Management AB - With the inaugural issue of this new journal, researchers have an opportunity to publish in a journal that is entirely devoted to the new paradigm of supply chain management. With this development as a new field, some researchers argue that it is an extension, or in some cases, a subset of operations management. We contend that neither of these is the case. In fact, the field of SCM spans multiple interdisciplinary areas, and thus must draw from a vast field or prior research in business, industrial psychology, economics, operations research, and organisational science. Researchers in this field are encouraged to broaden the span of their epistemological base to allow the field to grow in a manner that can best advance our knowledge in how to manage supply chains. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1504/IJISM.2004.004595 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 3-32 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33746630705&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The impact of energy deregulation on sourcing strategy AU - Handfield, R.B. T2 - Journal of Supply Chain Management AB - SUMMARY Supply researchers predicted in 1999 that deregulation would change the landscape for the purchasers of energy. The current research was undertaken to determine the nature and direction of the predicted changes in energy sourcing behavior. Based on detailed interviews with managers, government officials, and lobbyists, the risks and rewards associated with recent events in deregulation are examined and analyzed. Next, a detailed process for developing and implementing an energy sourcing strategy for commercial businesses that considers these risks and rewards of alternative energy sourcing channels is developed. This is followed by a process that involves aggregating data, obtaining support, defining risk tolerance, and spending parameters that involved stake‐holders, evaluating proposals, executing the strategy and monitoring it overtime. Finally, insights into the future trends in deregulated energy markets are described. Results suggest that a focused approach to developing detailed supply market intelligence can assist sourcing managers in preparing for the deregulated era and achieve significant cost savings in energy spending. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1111/j.1745-493X.2004.tb00168.x VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 38-48 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85017138344&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Comparison of NYSE and Regional Trading (1993-2002 AU - Van Ness, B. AU - Van Ness, R. AU - Warr, R.S. T2 - Focus on financial institutions and services A2 - Roll, R. PY - 2004/// PB - Nova Science Publishers ER - TY - RPRT TI - Analogies and Imaginary Consumers: A Case Study of New Product Development AU - Rosa, J. AU - Hoeffler, S. AU - Qualls, W. AU - Bohlmann, J. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - 04-122 M3 - Marketing Science Institute Working Paper SN - 04-122 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Agent-based and analytical modeling to evaluate the effectiveness of greenbelts AU - Brown, D AU - Page, S AU - Riolo, R AU - Rand, W T2 - Environmental Modelling & Software AB - We present several models of residential development at the rural–urban fringe to evaluate the effectiveness of a greenbelt located beside a developed area, for delaying development outside the greenbelt. First, we develop a mathematical model, under two assumptions about the distributions of service centers, that represents the trade-off between greenbelt placement and width, their effects on the rate of development beyond the greenbelt, and how these interact with spatial patterns of aesthetic quality and the locations of services. Next, we present three agent-based models (ABMs) that include agents with the potential for heterogeneous preferences and a landscape with the potential for heterogeneous attributes. Results from experiments run with a one-dimensional ABM agree with the starkest of the results from the mathematical model, strengthening the support for both models. Further, we present two different two-dimensional ABMs and conduct a series of experiments to supplement our mathematical analysis. These include examining the effects of heterogeneous agent preferences, multiple landscape patterns, incomplete or imperfect information available to agents, and a positive aesthetic quality impact of the greenbelt on neighboring locations. These results suggest how width and location of the greenbelt could help determine the effectiveness of greenbelts for slowing sprawl, but that these relationships are sensitive to the patterns of landscape aesthetic quality and assumptions about service center locations. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.11.012 VL - 19 IS - 12 SP - 1097-1109 J2 - Environmental Modelling & Software LA - en OP - SN - 1364-8152 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.11.012 DB - Crossref KW - land-use change KW - urban sprawl KW - agent-based modeling KW - landscape ecology ER - TY - JOUR TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF SUPPLIER - CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS AU - Rinehart, Lloyd M. AU - Eckert, James A. AU - Handfield, Robert B. AU - Page, Thomas J., Jr. AU - Atkin, Thomas T2 - Journal of Business Logistics AB - This research develops a classification framework of supplier‐customer relationships. Data were collected from active relationship managers and provided the empirical basis for the classification scheme. The resulting relationships were classified into seven groups. Names for each type of relationship were developed based on a set of Delphi group responses. DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// DO - 10.1002/j.2158-1592.2004.tb00169.x VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 25-62 LA - en OP - SN - 0735-3766 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2158-1592.2004.tb00169.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelling haemophilia epidemiology and treatment modalities to estimate the unconstrained factor VIII demand AU - Stonebraker, J. S. AU - Amand, R. E. AU - Bauman, M. V. AU - Nagle, A. J. AU - Larson, P. J. T2 - Haemophilia AB - The article presents a new method for estimating the unconstrained factor VIII (FVIII) demand based on the principles of decision analysis. Epidemiology and treatment modalities were integrated into a model for unconstrained FVIII demand. Assumptions for each variable with impact on the unconstrained FVIII demand were defined and probability estimates for these variables were obtained from the literature and medical experts. The sensitivity of the unconstrained FVIII demand to each of the variables was determined, and the variables with the greatest impact were modelled probabilistically. The probability-weighted average for the unconstrained FVIII demand model was 6.9 units per capita with a 90% uncertainty interval of 2.7-13.6 units per capita. When compared with FVIII usage in countries, only Luxembourg's use of FVIII (7.7 units per capita) exceeded the probability-weighted average for the modelled unconstrained FVIII demand. As better information becomes available, revision of model variables is easily accomplished allowing for a more accurate and dynamic forecast of demand over time. More accurate modelling of the 'true' demand longitudinally should help prevent shortages of FVIII concentrates such as those that have occurred in the past. In addition, a more accurate forecast of FVIII demand will allow national health care policy makers to better allocate financial and other resources. Sufficient and consistent supply of FVIII concentrates and appropriate financing of haemophilia care will allow the clinical benefits of more aggressive treatment regimens such as prophylaxis to be realized. DA - 2004/1// PY - 2004/1// DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2516.2003.00841.x VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 18-26 J2 - Haemophilia LA - en OP - SN - 1351-8216 1365-2516 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.2003.00841.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Families and Innovative Consumer Behavior: A Triadic Analysis of Sibling and Parental Influence AU - Cotte, June AU - Wood, Stacy L. T2 - Journal of Consumer Research AB - Although family socialization is a rich field in consumer behavior, to date no research has been done to disaggregate family influences on behavior into separate parent and sibling components. Here we use triadic analysis (parent and two siblings) to explore the influence of family on consumer innovativeness. We develop hypotheses that postulate parental influence, and, based on conflicting views of sibling similarity in the recent behavioral genetics and developmental psychology literature, set competing hypotheses about sibling influence on innovativeness and innovative behavior. Using a model tested with triads from 137 families, we find that both parents and siblings influence innovativeness, but that parental influence is stronger than sibling influence. We discuss the implications of our work for the study of family influence in consumer behavior. DA - 2004/6// PY - 2004/6// DO - 10.1086/383425 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 78-86 J2 - J Consum Res LA - en OP - SN - 0093-5301 1537-5277 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/383425 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are share price levels informative? Evidence from the ownership, pricing, turnover and performance of IPO firms AU - FERNANDO, CS AU - KRISHNAMURTHY, S AU - SPINDT, PA T2 - JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL MARKETS AB - Abstract We ask whether a firm's choice of IPO price is informative in the sense that it relates systematically to the firm's other choices and characteristics. We find that both institutional ownership and underwriter reputation increases monotonically with the chosen IPO price level. We also find that the relationship between IPO price and underpricing is U-shaped. In contrast, post-IPO turnover displays an inverted U-shaped relation to IPO price. Moreover, firms choosing a higher (lower) stock price level experience lower (higher) mortality rates. Our results are robust to controls for market liquidity and firm size, and for partial adjustment of IPO prices based on pre-market information. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1016/j.finmar.2004.01.001 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 377-403 KW - share price level KW - stock splits KW - initial public offerings KW - ownership structure KW - investment banking KW - investor behavior ER - TY - JOUR TI - Design and implementation of a distributed information system for collaborative product development AU - Wu, T. AU - Xie, N. AU - Blackhurst, J. T2 - Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1155/1.1814385 VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 281-293 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A requirements taxonomy for reducing Web site privacy vulnerabilities AU - Anton, AI AU - Earp, JB T2 - REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING DA - 2004/8// PY - 2004/8// DO - 10.1007/s00766-003-0183-z VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 169-185 SN - 1432-010X KW - privacy requirements KW - security requirements ER - TY - BOOK TI - Legal environment of business in the information age AU - Baumer, D. L. AU - Poindexter, J. C. CN - KF889 .B328 2004 DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill SN - 0072441151 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Financial privacy policies and the need for standardization AU - Anton, AI AU - Earp, JB AU - He, QF AU - Stufflebeam, W AU - Bolchini, D AU - Jensen, C T2 - IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY AB - The authors analyze 40 online privacy policy documents from nine financial institutions to examine their clarity and readability. Their findings show that compliance with the existing legislation and standards is, at best, questionable. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1109/MSECP.2004.1281243 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 36-45 SN - 1558-4046 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What you should know about using surveys AU - Aiman-Smith, L AU - Markham, SK T2 - RESEARCH-TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1080/08956308.2004.11671625 VL - 47 IS - 3 SP - 12-15 SN - 1930-0166 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of learning and technical capabilities in predicting adoption of B2B technologies AU - Zahay, DL AU - Handfield, RB T2 - INDUSTRIAL MARKETING MANAGEMENT AB - Using the resource-based view and the learning organization as its theoretical framework, this study hypothesized that organizations which possessed not only the technical capabilities for automation but also the ability to learn and share information would be most likely to automate their supply chain processes. An empirical study with the top suppliers of a major airline supported this hypothesis. As predicted, both learning capabilities and certain technical capabilities were important in predicting the likelihood of adoption of Ariba, a web-based e-procurement tool. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.1016/j.indmarman.2003.10.004 VL - 33 IS - 7 SP - 627-641 SN - 1873-2062 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-4644347741&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - supply chain management KW - information management KW - knowledge management KW - resource-based view KW - technology adoption ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance implications of assembly work teams AU - McCreery, JK AU - Krajewski, LJ AU - Leong, GK AU - Ward, PT T2 - JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT AB - Abstract This paper explores the role of selected workforce management practices in developing mix, volume, and product flexibility. Using a model of a manually‐paced assembly area, we examine three workforce management practices—the configuration of work teams, the extent of cross training, and the deployment of workers—that have the potential to enhance the level of manufacturing flexibility. We examine the effects of these practices at the level of the individual operation and individual worker, with the goal of maximizing overall system performance in a variety of manufacturing environments. Our results indicate that the value of workforce flexibility is contingent upon characteristics of the operating environment. Environments having high levels of product variety call for the use of a larger number of parallel work teams, while environments with highly complex tasks tend to require a smaller number of parallel teams. Further, the value of cross training and worker task sharing is diminished as work tasks become more complex, due to learning and forgetting effects on the workforce. The overall implication is that more worker flexibility does not always yield improved system performance. DA - 2004/8// PY - 2004/8// DO - 10.1016/j.jom.2004.05.004 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 387-412 SN - 1873-1317 KW - workforce flexibility KW - workforce management KW - work teams KW - learning ER - TY - BOOK TI - Investments: Analysis and management (9th ed.) AU - Jones, C. P. CN - HG4521 .J663 2004 DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons SN - 0471456667 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Network-based approach to modelling uncertainty in a supply chain AU - Blackhurst, J AU - Wu, T AU - P O'Grady, T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH AB - Supply chains are interlinked networks of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and customers that provide a product or service to customers. Typical supply chains can be characterized by their complexity and by the inherent uncertainty in their operations. Therefore, modelling such supply chains is a difficult and challenging research task, particularly given the need to model the stochastic operations of typical supply chains. What is giving added urgency to the need to address this issue are the recent developments in communications, primarily based on Internet technologies, that offer the promise of connecting suppliers, assemblers and customers in a seamless network of information. This offers the promise of substantially improved decision-making and a consequent considerable improvement in operations. However, fulfilment of this promise is dependent on the development of a suitable modelling methodology for supply chains. A network-based methodology to model and analyse supply chain systems is proposed. The methodology represents the operation of a supply chain as an abstracted network. The approach allows for the inclusion of stochastic variables so that uncertainty in the operation of a supply chain can be modelled. The use of the methodology is illustrated using a case study based on company data. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, an approach is presented that can represent the complex operation of a supply chain as an abstracted network. Second, the use of stochastic variables in this approach is described. The stochastic variables represent the uncertainty present in typical supply chains. Third, a case study is presented that illustrates how this approach can be used to improve the operation of a supply chain. DA - 2004/4/15/ PY - 2004/4/15/ DO - 10.1080/0020754030360001646064 VL - 42 IS - 8 SP - 1639-1658 SN - 1366-588X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Internet privacy law: a comparison between the United States and the European Union AU - Baumer, DL AU - Earp, JB AU - Poindexter, JC T2 - COMPUTERS & SECURITY AB - The increasing use of personal information in Internet-based applications has created privacy concerns worldwide. This has led to awareness among policy makers in several countries of the desirability of harmonizing privacy laws. The greatest challenge to privacy legislation from an international perspective arises because, while the Internet is virtually borderless, legislative approaches differ from country to country. This paper presents a functional comparison between current privacy law in the European Union (EU) and in the United States (U.S.), as such laws relate to regulation of websites and online service providers. In addition, similarities and differences between the 2002 EU Directive 2002/58/EC, Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications, which has been adopted by the EU but not yet implemented, and the proposed U.S. Online Privacy Protection Act, are illuminated. Employing a qualitative approach, we use the Fair Information Practices to organize discussion of comparisons and contrasts between U.S. and EU privacy laws. Our investigation of this topic leads us to conclude that the right to privacy is more strictly protected in the EU than in the U.S. The Online Privacy Protection Act, recently introduced as a bill in Congress, has the potential to significantly affect commercial practices in the U.S. and move the U.S. towards current EU privacy protection laws. This analysis benefits managers as well as security professionals since the results can be used as guidelines in ensuring that an organization's website practices are consistent with requirements imposed by countries with which they exchange information. It also provides information that can guide organizations as they prepare for potential privacy legislation. DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.1016/j.cose.2003.11.001 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 400-412 SN - 0167-4048 KW - information privacy KW - E-commerce KW - legislation KW - international law KW - privacy law ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inside JetBlue's privacy policy violations AU - Anton, A. I. AU - He, Q. F. AU - Baumer, D. L. T2 - IEEE Security & Privacy DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 2 IS - 6 SP - 18- ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bias in the correlated uniqueness model for MTMM data AU - Conway, JM AU - Lievens, F AU - Scullen, SE AU - Lance, CE T2 - STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING-A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL AB - This simulation investigates bias in trait factor loadings and intercorrelations when analyzing multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) data using the correlated uniqueness (CU) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model. A theoretical weakness of the CU model is the assumption of uncorrelated methods. However, previous simulation studies have shown little bias in trait estimates even when true method correlations are large. We hypothesized that there would be substantial bias when both method factor correlations and method factor loadings were large. We generated simulated sample data using population parameters based on our review of actual MTMM results. Results confirmed the prediction; substantial bias occurred in trait factor loadings and correlations when both method loadings and method correlations were large. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1207/s15328007sem1104_3 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 535-559 SN - 1532-8007 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The utility business model and the future of computing services AU - Rappa, MA T2 - IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL AB - The utility business model is shaped by a number of characteristics that are typical in public services: users consider the service a necessity, high reliability of service is critical, the ability to fully utilize capacity is limited, and services are scalable and benefit from economies of scale. This paper examines the utility business model and its future role in the provision of computing services. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1147/sj.431.0032 VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 32-42 SN - 0018-8670 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The changing nature of stock and bond volatility AU - Jones, C. P. AU - Wilson, J. W. T2 - Financial Analysts Journal AB - AbstractThis article examines the changing nature of U.S. stock and bond risk from 1871 through 2000 and the implications for asset allocation. Using geometric means and standard deviations, we examine nominal and inflation-adjusted monthly returns over nonoverlapping 5-year periods, as well as annual returns over periods of approximately 25 years, and we document how stock and bond volatility changed over the period. Our analysis suggests that the relative change in the volatility of stocks and volatility of bonds over the past 50 years has increased the importance of stocks in asset allocation. The change is even more pronounced when inflation is considered. This article examines the changing nature of stock and bond risk from 1871 through 2000 and the implications for asset allocation. Using geometric means and standard deviations, we examine nominal and inflation-adjusted monthly returns over five-year periods, as well as annual returns over periods of approximately 25 years, and document how stock and bond volatility changed over the sample period. Our analysis suggests that the change in the relative volatility of stocks and bonds over the past 50 years has increased the attractiveness of stocks in asset allocation, and the change is even more pronounced when inflation is considered.Since about 1940, stock volatility has fluctuated in a narrow range, and both low and high mean stock returns have been associated with similar levels of volatility. But bond volatility increased during the last 35 years of the series. The best 5-year nominal mean returns on bonds occurred during a 10-year period when bond volatility was at its highest level in history.The geometric mean nominal returns of stocks exceeded those of bonds in 18 of the 26 nonoverlapping five-year periods. Inflation-adjusted geometric mean stock returns were negative in only 3 of the 26 periods, but for bonds, they were negative in 10 of the 26 periods. The inflation-adjusted geometric standard deviation of bonds was 30 percent higher than the nominal standard geometric deviation for the 1871–2000 period. For stocks in this period, however, there was little difference between inflation-adjusted and nominal geometric standard deviations.The relative riskiness of stocks and bonds has undergone a long-term change. Until roughly 1950, the ratio of the two variances (stocks to bonds) was much greater than it has been subsequently except for a single five-year period. An examination of five-year standard deviations indicates that bond risk has increased since the 1960s whereas stock risk has remained relatively steady.The correlation between bond returns and stock returns, although fluctuating, has been increasing. Combined with the increase in bond volatility relative to stock volatility, this rising correlation has important implications for asset allocation. Our analysis of the nominal risk–return trade-off available to investors shows that the situation changed after World War II. For the later two 25-year periods examined here, a 100 percent bond portfolio, or a portfolio invested primarily in bonds, compared unfavorably on a return–risk basis with several portfolios that had larger stock allocations. This outcome was most pronounced in the last period, 1974–2000, when a 70/30 stock/bond allocation had less risk and a much larger return than did a 100 percent bond portfolio. Clearly, during the last half of the 20th century, the changes in relative stock and bond volatility increased the attractiveness of stocks relative to bonds.On an inflation-adjusted basis, the case for portfolios heavily invested in bonds is even weaker than it is on a nominal basis. Bonds are affected more severely when adjusted for the increased risk caused by the covariance of nominal bond returns and inflation. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.2469/faj.v60.n1.2595 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 100-113 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Research on the human connection in technological innovation: an introductory essay AU - Green, S. G. AU - Aiman-Smith, L. T2 - Journal of Engineering and Technology Management DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 21 IS - 02-Jan SP - 09- ER - TY - JOUR TI - Key issues in global supply base management AU - Handfield, RB AU - Nichols, EL T2 - INDUSTRIAL MARKETING MANAGEMENT AB - Developing effective business relationships with suppliers is hard work, especially when suppliers are located in different parts of the globe. Doing business with a supplier in China entails a very different set of fundamental elements than with one in the United States or Europe. As such, managers cannot rely on information systems to conduct business with global suppliers, but in many cases must travel to the location and visit with the supplier face to face to build an effective business relationship. In this article, 11 key issues that buying organizations should consider in their efforts to manage a global supply base are presented. These issues focus on the need for the “human factor” in establishing positive supplier relationships and the development of a high-performing global supply base. DA - 2004/1// PY - 2004/1// DO - 10.1016/j.indmarman.2003.08.007 VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 29-35 SN - 0019-8501 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0345490620&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - global supply base KW - information systems KW - human factor ER -