TY - BOOK TI - The Mysteries of the Trade: Christophe Lécuyer's "Making Silicon Valley". DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// ER - TY - CHAP TI - Modeling settlement systems in a dynamic environment: Case studies from Mesopotamia. AU - Wilkinson, Tony J AU - Gibson, M AU - Christenson, J AU - Widell, Magnus AU - Woods, C AU - Kouchoukos, Nicholas AU - Simunich, K AU - Altaweel, M AU - Hritz, C AU - Ur, J AU - others PY - 2007/// PB - SAR Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Elite Culture in Early Nineteenth-Century France: Salons, Sociability, and the Self AU - Vincent, K. Steven T2 - Modern Intellectual History AB - The cultural world of French elites was profoundly shaken by the long sequence of events we now refer to as the French Revolution. The legal, political, and social world in which elites moved was transformed by successive revolutionary regimes and, more generally, by what Benjamin Constant called “the torrent” of change that began with the Revolution in 1789. Individuals experienced excitement, hope, and enthusiasm, but also suffered trauma, insecurity, and loss. The effects of these experiences on elite sociability and culture are difficult to characterize precisely. Michelle Perrot and Anne Martin-Fugier have written that there was a tendency on the part of French elites during the nineteenth century to retreat increasingly into the sanctuary of their homes, where they practiced more exclusionary forms of sociability, and simultaneously adopted more defensive forms of politics. Alain Corbin reminds us that the vulnerability that accompanied the progress of individuation in nineteenth-century France frequently manifested itself as an obsession with self-scrutiny, as represented by the enriched forms of interior monologue found in diaries and in Romantic poetry and literature. This retreat and concomitant self-scrutiny can be seen as a further refinement of the delicacy and sense of shame—of what we call modesty—that Norbert Elias suggested over sixty years ago was a central characteristic of the advance of European manners. DA - 2007/6/12/ PY - 2007/6/12/ DO - 10.1017/S1479244307001229 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 327-351 SN - 1479-2443 1479-2451 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1479244307001229 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Women's medicines in sncient Jewish dources: gertility rnhancers and inhibiters AU - Riddle, J. M. T2 - Disease in Babylonia A2 - Finkel, I. L. A2 - Geller, M. J. AB - This chapter explores some aspects of medical lore about women and postulate that Jewish women administered among themselves when problems arose and, equally important, when they sought to preserve good health through nutrition, regimen, and hygiene. The Talmud also has passages that speak of medicines that result in sterility. The possession of antifertility drugs is confirmed by a passage in the Book of Jasher , a Jewish account of the creation composed in the thirteenth century. The Hebrew of palms could be what we would call an extract or solution from the palm tree. The rabbis revealed that palm water is drunk because it allows the gall to function, but it must be taken for forty days. Biblical, Talmudic, and other ancient sources indicate that ancient Jewish women, like those in neighbouring cultures, employed pharmaceutical agents both to promote and to inhibit fertility. Keywords: fertility; Jewish women; palm tree; pharmaceutical agents; root medicines; Talmud PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1163/ej.9789004124011.i-226.39 SP - 200-214 PB - Leiden: Brill ER - TY - CHAP TI - Research procedures in evaluating Medieval medicine AU - Riddle, J. M. T2 - The Medieval hospital and medical practice PY - 2007/// DO - 10.4324/9781315238333-1 SP - 3-17 PB - Aldershot, UK: Ashgate ER - TY - JOUR TI - The United States and its rise at the turn of the century: The perception of America by the parties in the Reich AU - Mitchell, Nancy T2 - JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY DA - 2007/6// PY - 2007/6// DO - 10.2307/25094868 VL - 94 IS - 1 SP - 294-295 SN - 0021-8723 ER - TY - JOUR TI - From counterculture to cyberculture: Stewart brand, the whole earth network, and the rise of digital utopianism AU - Bassett, Ross Knox T2 - JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY AB - Journal Article From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism. By Fred Turner. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. x, 327 pp. $29.00, ISBN 978-0-226-81741-5.) Get access Ross Knox Bassett Ross Knox Bassett North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 94, Issue 2, September 2007, Pages 629–630, https://doi.org/10.2307/25095082 Published: 01 September 2007 DA - 2007/9// PY - 2007/9// DO - 10.2307/25095082 VL - 94 IS - 2 SP - 629-630 SN - 0021-8723 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Right to ride: African American citizenship and protest in the era of Plessy v. Ferguson AU - Kelley, B. L. M. T2 - African American Review DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 347-356 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The making of the American South: A short history, 1500-1877. AU - Friend, Craig Thompson T2 - JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY AB - Acknowledgements. . Map: The United States in 1860. Prologue. Part I: Before Southern History. 1. Before the South. 2. Colonials Become Americans. 3. Southern Power in the New Nation. . Part II: Making the Old South. 4. An American Slave Society. 5. The Politics of Slavery and the Road to Secession. 6. Civil Wars. 7. The Reconstruction of the South and the Construction of Southern History. Notes. Bibliographical Note. Index DA - 2007/8// PY - 2007/8// DO - 10.2307/27649488 VL - 73 IS - 3 SP - 671-672 SN - 0022-4642 ER - TY - JOUR TI - God's clockmaker: Richard of Wallingford and the invention of time. AU - Sylla, E. D. T2 - Journal for the History of Astronomy DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 38 SP - 238-241 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Documenting Davy's death - The problematic "Dolson letter" from Texas, 1836 AU - Crisp, J. E. T2 - Journal of the West DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 22-28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A stranger and a sojourner: Peter Caulder, free black frontiersman in antebellum Arkansas. AU - Middleton, S. T2 - Civil War History DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 53 IS - 1 SP - 71-73 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The mysteries of the trade - Christophe Lecuyer's making Silicon Valley AU - Bassett, Ross T2 - TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE AB - Reviewed by: The Mysteries of the Trade:Christophe Lécuyer’s Making Silicon Valley Ross Bassett (bio) It is a minor scandal that Silicon Valley, the world's preeminent technology region and the subject of a great deal of work by journalists and scholars, has only now received its first book-length treatment by a historian of technology: Christophe Lécuyer's Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930–1970 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2005, x+393, $40). One can attribute this delay to a variety of factors: historians' caution at examining still highly active terrain, where changes in the present might dramatically change how the past is interpreted; a Gresham's law phenomenon, where superficial and breathless work by journalists discourages more serious study; and the sheer difficulty of finding the archival sources historians are most comfortable with. Lécuyer's outstanding work puts technology at the center of Silicon Valley and shows the special contributions that academically trained historians of technology can make to understanding this region's development. Lécuyer works to a sensible topical and temporal definition of Silicon Valley: the tube and semiconductor companies on the San Francisco Peninsula between 1930 and 1970. He largely ignores the systems companies, such as the iconic Hewlett-Packard or IBM, as well as aerospace firms. By ending his study in the early 1970s—the formation of Apple serves as the endpoint—Lécuyer avoids the explosion of Silicon Valley firms during the latter 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. The challenge for Lécuyer is to convince us that he has found in those years the heart of Silicon Valley. He shows how on the San Francisco Peninsula, an area with a small but significant technical infrastructure, radio enthusiasts and microwave engineers developed companies that effectively competed with larger East Coast firms, provided the military with significant quantities of complex tubes, and employed [End Page 401] thousands of technicians and workers. Then, starting with the arrival of William Shockley in 1956, the author chronicles the development of the silicon semiconductor industry, first by Fairchild—formed by defectors from Shockley—then the dozens of firms formed by Fairchild defectors. Lécuyer employs a very light theoretical touch. One finds him more interested in nailing down specifics than in building broad theoretical frameworks. He finds Alfred Marshall's idea of an industrial manufacturing district the most helpful way of looking at Silicon Valley. Although he never cites it, Lécuyer's book could be seen to be an exposition of Marshall's statement: The mysteries of the trade become no mysteries; but are as it were in the air, and children learn many of them unconsciously. Good work is rightly appreciated, inventions and improvements in machinery, in processes and the general organization of the business have their merits promptly discussed: if one man starts a new idea, it is taken up by others and combined with suggestions of their own; and thus it becomes the source of further new ideas.1 Reader's of Lécuyer's work who are familiar with other scholarship on Silicon Valley will be most interested in its relation to AnnaLee Saxenian's highly influential Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 (1994). Lécuyer himself is coy here, saying he "partly concurs" (p. 4) with Saxenian's argument about Silicon Valley's character being based on disaggregated firms. While Saxenian's work is long on generalization and short on history, Lécuyer's is just the opposite, but overall Lécuyer tends to confirm Saxenian. Lécuyer accords technology a more central role in his narrative, showing in great detail the distinctive technologies developed in Silicon Valley. In Lécuyer's telling, Silicon Valley is built on the technical virtuosity of people like Charlie Litton, who developed innovative tubes and tube-making equipment, and the eight founders of Fairchild, who developed innovative silicon transistors, the planar process, and the integrated circuit. Lécuyer shows how this knowledge, widely diffused throughout Silicon Valley in a culture of cooperation, then led to a series of further innovations. But his Silicon Valley is never just about technology: he details a number... DA - 2007/4// PY - 2007/4// DO - 10.1353/tech.2007.0054 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 401-403 SN - 0040-165X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Crab wars: A tale of horseshoe crabs, bioterrorism, and human health AU - Booker, M. M. T2 - Journal of the History of Biology DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 382-383 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Texas patriot on trial in Mexico: Jose Antonio Navarro and the Texan Santa Fe Expedition. AU - Crisp, James E. T2 - SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY AB - Reviewed by: A Texas Patriot on Trial in Mexico: José Antonio Navarro and the Texan Santa Fe Expedition James E. Crisp A Texas Patriot on Trial in Mexico: José Antonio Navarro and the Texan Santa Fe Expedition. Translated and annotated by Andrés Reséndez. (Dallas: Library of Texas, William P. Clements Center for Southwest Studies, Southern Methodist University, 2005. Pp. 170. Bilingual: English-Spanish. Preface, note on orthography, illustrations, map, notes, bibliography, index. ISBN 1929531109. $60.00, cloth.) Among the many services rendered by José Antonio Navarro to his native land over a long and active life, none is more honored in Texas today than the steadfast loyalty he exhibited as he faced the death penalty for treason to Mexico. Captured with the doomed Texan Santa Fe Expedition in 1841, Navarro faced incriminating evidence that seemed overwhelming. He had signed the Texas Declaration of Independence in 1836, and he had entered New Mexico with an enterprise intended to turn that province into an extension of the rebel Texas Republic. The Library of Texas is to be congratulated for deviating from its practice of producing expertly edited new editions of classic Texas books to publish this remarkable collection of documents concerning Navarro's trial for treason. Andrés Reséndez, who demonstrates his own expertise in editing this volume, realized upon first seeing these papers in Yale's Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library that they contained "dramatic proceedings that raised moving and profound questions about Navarro's loyalty" (p. ix). Most importantly for Reséndez, author of the superb Changing National Identities at the Frontier: Texas and New Mexico, 1800–1850 (Cambridge University Press, 2004), Navarro's plight was emblematic of the "conflicting loyalties and wrenching dilemmas" (p. xiii) faced by thousands of people along the shifting borders between Mexico, the Texas Republic, and the United States—perhaps nowhere more poignantly than in Navarro's beloved San Antonio de Béxar. There are some surprises for most readers in this book. Reséndez proves through his deft analysis of the complex record of the trial, the sentencing, and the subsequent appeals that the leaders of the Mexican government, most notably President Antonio López de Santa Anna and Minister of War José María Tornel, were determined that the death sentence handed down by Navarro's initial court-martial in Mexico City be carried out. He was saved from the firing squad, not by the grace of the dictator, but by a convoluted military justice system that insisted that the Supreme Military Court's commutation of Navarro's sentence to indefinite incarceration could not be overturned, even as a furious Tornel suspended the judges responsible for this decision. As illuminating as these newly published documents are, however, the story is incomplete. The key decision from the Supreme Military Court, only small portions of which appear in other parts of the record, is missing from the Beinecke's [End Page 555] collection and apparently lost. However, other pieces of the puzzle of Navarro's tortured fate could and should have been included. Reséndez cites, but does not quote directly, a letter from Navarro asking amnesty from Santa Anna. This and other wrenching pleas from the imprisoned Navarro, available in transcripts at the University of Texas at Austin, would have powerfully illustrated Reséndez's point that Navarro was "forced to confront his old national demons" (p. xii) in Mexico—and shown that Navarro came perilously close to denying a freely-chosen Texan nationality. Another important piece of information referenced by Reséndez (p. 119, n. 20), but not included, is President Mirabeau B. Lamar's instructions to his first designated representatives in Santa Fe: William Dryden, John Rowland, and William Workman. A pertinent issue therein—whether the majority of New Mexico's population would be considered "Indians" under the Texas Constitution—was no trivial matter, as Reséndez acknowledges. Finally, for a "bilingual" edition, this volume has some odd omissions. Though Reséndez provides Spanish and English versions of his own preface and introduction, only the first sixteen of eighty-two endnotes are translated into Spanish. Nor is there a Spanish translation of Lamar's instructions to Navarro and... DA - 2007/4// PY - 2007/4// DO - 10.1353/swh.2007.0036 VL - 110 IS - 4 SP - 555-556 SN - 0038-478X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Speculative truth: Henry Cavendish, natural philosophy, and the rise of modern theoretical science. AU - Kim, Mi Gyung T2 - ISIS AB - Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewRussell McCormmach. Speculative Truth: Henry Cavendish, Natural Philosophy, and the Rise of Modern Theoretical Science. viii + 258 pp., figs., bibl., index. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. $44.50 (cloth).Mi Gyung KimMi Gyung Kim Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Isis Volume 98, Number 2June 2007 Publication of the History of Science Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/521456 Views: 14Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article. DA - 2007/6// PY - 2007/6// DO - 10.1086/521456 VL - 98 IS - 2 SP - 386-387 SN - 0021-1753 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Questions on the Treatise on Proportions by Thomas Bradwardine AU - Sylla, E. D. T2 - Historia Mathematica (Toronto, Ont.) DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 227-229 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Lincoln's rise to the presidency AU - Harris, W. C. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// PB - Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas SN - 0700615202 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Henry Ireton and the English Revolution. AU - Carlton, C. T2 - Journal of Military History DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 71 IS - 3 SP - 914-914 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Being modern in the Middle East: Revolution, nationalism, colonialism and the Arab middle class AU - Khater, A. F. T2 - Social History DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 210-211 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Tonga-speaking peoples of Zambia and Zimbabwe: Essays in honor of Elizabeth Colson AU - Lancaster, C. AU - Vickery, K. P. CN - DT3058 .T65 T66 2007 DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// PB - Lanham, MD: University Press of America SN - 0761836292 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Richard Henry Lee of Virginia: A portrait of an American revolutionary AU - Matthews, M. T2 - Journal of Southern History DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 73 IS - 1 SP - 153-154 ER -