TY - CONF TI - Team Behavior and Team Success: Results from a Board Game Simulation AU - Hergeth, Helmut T2 - Annual Conference Proceedings for ABSEL (Association for Business Simulation and Experimental Learning), Developments in Business Simulation and Experimental Learning C2 - 2007/// C3 - Developments in Business Simulation and Experimental Learning CY - San Antonio, Tx DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 34 SP - 190-196 ER - TY - CONF TI - Research Update and Discussion Panel AU - Godfrey, Blanton AU - Hergeth, Helmut AU - Anderson, John T2 - Alpaca Fiber to Market Conference C2 - 2007/3/15/ CY - Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC DA - 2007/3/15/ PY - 2007/3/15/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Alpaca Fiber – What Properties Are Needed in Textile Processing? AU - Hergeth, Helmut T2 - 2007 Alpaca Fiber Co-op of North America Continental Fleece Show C2 - 2007/8/4/ CY - Niagara Falls, NY DA - 2007/8/4/ PY - 2007/8/4/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Fiber to Market, Summary of the March 15 Conference at North Carolina State University AU - Hergeth, Helmut T2 - 2007 Alpaca Fiber Co-op of North America Continental Fleece Show C2 - 2007/8/4/ CY - Niagara Falls, NY DA - 2007/8/4/ PY - 2007/8/4/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Entrepreneurial Challenge AU - Hergeth, Helmut T2 - Inroads, National Annual Convention C2 - 2007/7/6/ CY - Nashville, TN DA - 2007/7/6/ PY - 2007/7/6/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Visions of an Alpaca Fiber Business Complex AU - Hergeth, Helmut T2 - 2007 Alpaca Fiber Co-op of North America Continental Fleece Show C2 - 2007/8/5/ CY - Niagara Falls, NY DA - 2007/8/5/ PY - 2007/8/5/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Entrepreneurship and Financial Strategies AU - Hergeth, Helmut DA - 2007/9/12/ PY - 2007/9/12/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Market Research for Product Development - Carbon Fiber Brakes AU - Wendisch, Bertram AU - Hergeth, Helmut T2 - International Business and Economics Research Conference C2 - 2007/10/1/ CY - Las Vegas, NV DA - 2007/10/1/ PY - 2007/10/1/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - House of Marketing Quality Using the House of Quality to Develop Marketing Strategies AU - Aslan, Bayram AU - Hergeth, Helmut H. T2 - Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) AB - The paper presents a Model for Customer Oriented Marketing Strategies, using the House of Quality Approach. The model is presented with an example of Spinning Machinery Marketing. DA - 2007/2/7/ PY - 2007/2/7/ DO - 10.19030/jber.v5i11.2605 VL - 5 IS - 11 SN - 2157-8893 1542-4448 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v5i11.2605 ER - TY - CONF TI - An analysis of SizeUSA 3D scan data for developing menswear sizing systems AU - Hwang- Shin, S.J. AU - Istook, C. T2 - 64th Annual Conference of the International Textile and Apparel Association C2 - 2007/11// C3 - Proceedings of the International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference CY - Los Angeles, CA DA - 2007/11// PY - 2007/// UR - https://itaaonline.org/page/2007Proceedings ER - TY - CONF TI - Snowdrift AU - Istook, C. T2 - 64th Annual Conference of the International Textile and Apparel Association C2 - 2007/11// C3 - Proceedings of the International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference CY - Los Angeles, CA DA - 2007/11// PY - 2007/// UR - https://itaaonline.org/page/2007Proceedings ER - TY - CONF TI - Snowflakes AU - Istook, C. T2 - 64th annual conference of the International Textile and Apparel Association C2 - 2007/11// C3 - Proceedings of the International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference CY - Los Angeles, CA DA - 2007/11// PY - 2007/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of cellulase pretreatment of raw and bleached cotton fibers on properties of hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics AU - Verenich, S. AU - Arumugam, K. AU - Shim, E. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - Abstract This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of enzymatic pretreatment of cotton (polysaccharides) fibers on the properties of resulting nonwoven fabric. Enzymatic treatment is known to improve the esthetical properties of fabrics but will likely lead to a reduction in strength. In the case of nonwovens the strength loss can be even more drastic as cellulase may attack bonded areas of the fabric. In this work, raw and bleached cotton fibers were treated with enzyme solutions prior to fabric formation to avoid possible damage to the bonded areas and improve strength retention. These fibers were first modified with commercially available whole cellulases and monocomponent endoglucanase enzyme solutions. Then they were formed into a fabric and bonded via hydroentangling. Parameters such as bending modulus, fabric tenacity, fiber strength, length and reducing power were measured for each sample. The pretreatment of cotton fibers prior to fabric formation showed that the resulting nonwovens could be stronger and more drapeable than the same fabric composed of untreated fibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1002/app.26158 VL - 105 IS - 2 SP - 492-499 J2 - J. Appl. Polym. Sci. LA - en OP - SN - 0021-8995 1097-4628 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.26158 DB - Crossref KW - enzymes KW - polysaccharides KW - fibers KW - mechanical properties KW - structure-property relations ER - TY - CHAP TI - Innovation management in creating new fashion AU - LePechoux, B. AU - Little, T.J. AU - Istook, C. T2 - Fashion marketing: Contemporary issues A2 - Bruce, M. PY - 2007/// ET - 2nd PB - Random House ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative Analysis of Korean and American Body Sizes & Shapes using 3D Scanned Anthropometric Data AU - Yi, Kyong-Hwa AU - Istook, Cynthia AU - Kang, Yeo-Sun AU - Choi, Hei-Sun T2 - Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles AB - This research is the initial step for establishing a convertible body sizing table applicable to the Korean and American female apparel industry. All 3D female measurement data of the two countries were obtained from Size Korea Project and SizeUSA Project. The sample subjects used in this study were 1,988 Korean and 6,306 American females. Thirty-four(34) variables were chosen as the principal measurements in making garments. The conclusion of this research was as follow: First, it was determined that American women were larger and longer than Korean women in all measurement except shoulder slope measurement. Second, according to the differences analysis of the each age group in Korean Females, all measurements except hip girth had significant differences among the age groups. In case of American females, all measurements except arm length(shoulder to wrist) had significant differences among the age groups. Third, in the comparison of differences between the age groups of the two countries` women, some dimensions varied significantly with age, while others did not show any statistical significance among the age groups. Fourth, according to the t-tests of same age groups between Korean & American female measurements, American female measurements were larger and longer than Korean in all measurements except crotch length total, shoulder slope, hip girth-bust girth and hip girth-waist girth. DA - 2007/6/30/ PY - 2007/6/30/ DO - 10.5850/jksct.2007.31.6.892 VL - 31 IS - 6 SP - 892-901 J2 - Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles LA - en OP - 한국과 미국 성인의 3차원 인체 치수 비교 SN - 1225-1151 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5850/jksct.2007.31.6.892 DB - Crossref ER - TY - SOUND TI - Static Generation and Control in Textile Systems AU - Seyam, A.M. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Cai, Y. AU - Liu, L. AU - Suh, M. DA - 2007/2/25/ PY - 2007/2/25/ M3 - poster ER - TY - JOUR TI - Theory of Reasoned Action: purchase intention of young consumers AU - Belleau, B.D. AU - Summers, T.A. AU - Xu, Y. AU - Pinel, P. T2 - Clothing and Textiles Research Journal AB - The approximately 60 million members of Generation Y are a major force in the consumer marketplace and represent a significant behavioral shift. To develop the broad, multifaceted advertising strategy necessary to reach them, more information is needed to characterize their purchase intentions. This study determines whether the theory of reasoned action can be used as a prediction tool in examining the purchase intention of a selected consumer group and product, Generation Y consumers and fashion merchandise made of emu leather. Respondents' attitudes significantly influenced their purchase intention: The more favorable the respondent's attitude, the higher the purchase intention. Subjective norm and other external variables had no influence on this group's purchase intention. The results partially support the theory of reasoned action as a prediction tool in examining purchase intention of a consumer product. This information is important to the emu leather industry, which may want to target Generation Y consumers. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1177/0887302x07302768 VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 244–257 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The impact of store environment on adult Generation Y consumers’ impulse buying AU - Xu, Y. T2 - Journal of Shopping Center Research DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 61–80 ER - TY - CONF TI - Shopping Therapy: Compulsive Buying, Materialism, and Public Self-consciousness AU - Xu, Y. C2 - 2007/// C3 - International Textiles and Apparel Association annual meeting DA - 2007/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of market orientation in channel relationships when channel power is imbalanced AU - Chung, J.-E. AU - Jin, B. AU - Sternquist, B. T2 - International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research AB - Abstract How does market orientation influence channel relationships when power is imbalanced among channel partners? We used the Korean department store industry, where retailers are the strongest channel members, to explore channel relationships. Retailer market orientation and supplier market orientation, retailer economic dependence, and supplier use of coercive influence strategy are used to explain the outcome variable, economic satisfaction with the supplier. Results indicate that retailer market orientation positively influences supplier market orientation and alleviates supplier use of coercive influence strategies. Supplier market orientation increases retailer dependence on the supplier and retailer economic satisfaction with the supplier. Managerial implications and recommendations for future studies are included. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1080/09593960701189952 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 159–176 KW - Market orientation KW - dependence KW - coercive strategy KW - economic satisfaction KW - department stores KW - Korea ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dimensions of experiential value: Is it same across retail channels? AU - Jin, B. AU - Lee, Y.-K. AU - Kwon, S.U. T2 - Journal of Korean Academy of Marketing Science AB - Abstract Purpose: While empirical importance of dimensionality of perceived value is widely accepted, our understanding of experiential value dimensions in other retail channels and other cultures has not been explicitly tested. This study attempted to determine if the dimensions of experiential value scale (EVS) by Mathwick, Malhotra, and Rigdon (2001) identified in US catalog and Internet contexts could be applied in other international markets (South Korea) and in other retail channels (department store versus Internet shopping mall). Methodology/Approach: Two data sets, one from 220 department store shoppers and the other from 359 Internet shopping mall shoppers, were analyzed. Findings: Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed four different EVS dimensions by retail channels. Overall, entertainment and intrinsic enjoyment values were found to be more important in department store while economic and efficiency value dimensions were interpreted critical in Internet shopping mall context. Visual appeal aspect constitutes distinct value dimension in two channels. Practical Implications: One separate dimension of time efficiency in Internet shopping mall suggests that more efficient web design and functions that can save time and promote convenience are needed to better accommodate their customers. Internet has heavily relied on traditional attributes, such as factual information, price comparability, and brand name reliance. However, this study suggests that Internet shopping mall retailer should offer visual diversion and stimulation just as brick and mortar shopping malls do. Originality Value of Paper: Although the research findings must be viewed as tentative because the results are from one country, they provide a rich basis for further understanding the dimensions of experiential value in other international markets and other retail channels. Category: Research Paper DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1080/12297119.2007.9707273 VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 223–245 KW - Experiential Value KW - Korean Department Store KW - Internet Shopping Mall KW - Value Dimensions ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determinants of the born global firm growth in apparel industry:Korean Case AU - Kang, J.H. AU - Jin, B. T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute AB - Abstract Internationalization process theory views internationalization as an incremental process that develops after a period of domestic maturation and growth. However, recent studies on born global firms prove the limitation of this theory. A born global is defined as “the firm that is heavily involved in exporting at inception or shortly after establishment” (Knight, G. A. and Cavusgil, S. T., 1996. The born global firms: A challenge to traditional internationalization theory, Adv. Int. Mark., 8, 11–26; Rennie, M. W., 1993. Global competitiveness: Born global, McKinsey Q., 4, 45–52). In developing countries, most apparel firms have the nature of born global, using labor-intensive operations. However, they often fail to maintain growth, and determinants of the growth remain largely unanswered. Among many potential factors, this study regards entrepreneur characteristics as more critical than others in explaining the growth. This study chose South Korea as its focus since this country underwent the initial born global stage in the 1970s. Using extensive literature reviews and interviews with field experts, this study suggests propositions that explain the influence of entrepreneur characteristics on born global firm international growth after inception. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1533/joti.2005.0283 VL - 98 IS - 2 SP - 137–145 KW - born global firms KW - apparel industry KW - internationalization KW - entrepreneur characteristics ER - TY - CHAP TI - Retailing in South Korea AU - Jin, B. AU - Sternquist, B. T2 - International Retailing PY - 2007/// ET - 2nd PB - Fairchild Publications ER - TY - SOUND TI - Text mining examinees’ written comments on exams in a testing program AU - Rothenberg, L. AU - Hoeve, K. DA - 2007/10// PY - 2007/10// M3 - paper ER - TY - SOUND TI - Woven Jacquards on Demand: Automatic Matching of Design to target through Modeling Color in terms of weave structure AU - Mathur, K. AU - Seyam, A.M. AU - Hinks, D. AU - Donaldson, A. DA - 2007/4// PY - 2007/4// ER - TY - CONF TI - Conversion of Fibers to Yarn for High-Speed High Quality Carpet Weaving AU - Seyam, A.M. AU - Mathur, K. C2 - 2007/4// C3 - 4th Annual Conference, National Research Center DA - 2007/4// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inclusive Design in Apparel Product Development for Working Women With Physical Disabilities AU - Carroll, Kate AU - Kincade, Doris T2 - FAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Consumers with physical limitations want apparel products and retail environments that work for them. Inclusive design is a framework for developing products to satisfy multiple consumers, regardless of their physical ability. This qualitative study reports on physical limitations and apparel preferences of working women ( n = 9) with a variety of limitations. A prototype for a garment was developed, wear‐tested, and evaluated using inclusive design criteria. Subsequently, manufacturers ( n = 6) were interviewed regarding production and distribution within the existing system. Results indicate that (a) the effect of disability on the body supercedes clinical definition for apparel product development, (b) working women with various disabilities have similar apparel needs, (c) inclusive design can be a successful strategy for product development, and (d) current industry perceptions about disability present the greatest barrier to successful implementation. The researchers conclude that further studies should focus on industry “buy‐in” of inclusive design as a framework for product development. DA - 2007/6// PY - 2007/6// DO - 10.1177/1077727x07299675 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 289-315 SN - 1552-3934 KW - inclusive design KW - apparel KW - working women KW - disability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exercise clothing for children in a weight- management program AU - Carroll, K. AU - Alexander, M. AU - Spencer, V. T2 - Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 99 IS - 1 SP - 68-72 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Skin pressure profiles and variations with body postural changes beneath medical elastic compression stockings AU - Liu, Rong AU - Kwok, Yi Lin AU - Li, Yi AU - Lao, Terence T. AU - Zhang, Xin T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AB - Medical elastic compression stockings (GCSs) are one of the most widely used mechanical compression approaches to relieve venous disorders of the lower limb. The skin pressure profiles applied by compression stockings may be altered with body postural changes, thus exerting influences on their therapeutic efficiency.To examine and quantify objectively the skin pressure distribution and magnitude beneath GCSs with body postural changes, and to analyze the possible reasons for skin pressure variations.The pressure levels of four different kinds of commonly used GCS were measured using piezoelectric sensors and a multichannel measuring system in six female healthy volunteers in 10 different body positions.Body postural changes significantly influenced the skin pressure profiles (P < 0.001). Skin pressures at the ankle and on the anterior side of the leg were always highest when tested in all positions. Extension and flexion of the knee joint significantly influenced the skin pressure at the anterior and posterior aspects of the leg, especially when tested in the sitting position with the knee flexed at 90 degrees and in the supine position with the knee flexed at more than 90 degrees (P < 0.001). Plantar flexion of the ankle joint, such as up-heel standing and heel-off walking, significantly increased the skin pressure in the ankle region. Contraction, extension, and relaxation of the calf muscle did not produce large fluctuations in skin pressure when tested in positions with full knee extension.Body postures may be one of the most important factors influencing the skin pressure profiles applied by compression stockings. The anatomic structure of individual legs, the special design of compression stockings, and the physical properties of stocking materials also influence skin pressure variations at different tested locations in different body positions. Appropriate leg postural changes and exercise may improve the therapeutic effectiveness of GCSs. DA - 2007/5// PY - 2007/5// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03175.x VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 514-523 SN - 0011-9059 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The importance of understanding the shape of diverse ethnic female consumers for developing jeans sizing systems AU - Shin, Su-Jeong Hwang AU - Istook, Cynthia L. T2 - International Journal of Consumer Studies AB - Abstract This study has been conducted to investigate the fit issues related to the current apparel pants and jeans sizing system for diverse consumers, identifying body shape differences among ethnic groups. A total of 1335 women in a certain size range ( Misses figure type sizes 2–20) were selected in the study. A Misses figure type size category is commonly used for adult women of average proportion and height. First, the body dimension differences among ethnic groups were examined with a single factor analysis of variance. Second, the fit of pants and jeans for the diverse consumers within the same size category was examined with the current standard sizing system, ASTM D5585 for adult female Misses figure type sizes 2–20. Three cases were programmed within a database: When each consumer selects a size for a pair of jeans based on (1) waist size; (2) hip size; and (3) waist height (usually pants length). And last, the results were analysed with fit comparison plots. Current jean consumers are racially diversified in the US and globally as well. This study revealed that ethnic groups had different fit problems and significant body shape differences. Even within the same figure type size category, a variety of body dimensions existed in each ethnic group. According to the fit problem assessment in this study, consumers within the same body figure type size category could not find the right fit of the pants and jeans within the current sizing system. Half of the female consumers could not find a garment to fit based on waist height (pants length) because the current sizing systems overlooked the effect of diverse consumers. This study will be useful for standardizing organizations to modify current sizing systems for diverse ethnic consumer groups as a demographic factor so that apparel companies could provide better quality of fit for their consumers in the global and local market. DA - 2007/3// PY - 2007/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1470-6431.2006.00581.x VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 135-143 J2 - Int J Cons Stud LA - en OP - SN - 1470-6423 1470-6431 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2006.00581.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preparing the professoriate program effective training for future collegiate teaching AU - Simmons, K. P. AU - Istook, C T2 - Journal of Graduate Education DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 3 IS - 4 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Management of quality and business statistics AU - Godfrey, A. B. AU - Leon, R. T2 - Encyclopedia of statistics in quality and reliability A2 - F. Ruggeri, R. S. Kenett A2 - Faltin, F W. PY - 2007/// PB - Chichester, England: John Wiley SN - 9780470018613 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Six Sigma AU - Godfrey, A. B. T2 - Encyclopedia of statistics in quality and reliability A2 - F. Ruggeri, R. S. Kenett A2 - Faltin, F. W. PY - 2007/// SP - 1825-1830 PB - Chichester, England: John Wiley SN - 9780470018613 ER - TY - CONF TI - Niche marketing strategy in the textile and apparel industry: an investigation into development factors AU - Allen R., Parrish E.D. AU - Cassill N.L., Oxenham W. AU - M.R., Jones C2 - 2007/// DA - 2007/// SP - 239-256 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ITMA Technology: Staple spinning AU - Oxenham, W. T2 - Textile World (New York, N.Y.) DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 157 IS - 11 SP - 26-32 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Error proofing, healthcare AU - Nakajo, T. AU - Clapp, T. G. AU - Blanton, G. A. T2 - Encyclopedia of statistics in quality and reliability A2 - Ruggeri, R. S. Kenett F. A2 - Faltin, F. W. AB - Abstract Many error proofing solutions are implemented successfully in healthcare. Most of them, however, are generated individually without the benefit of the knowledge of the wider body of error‐proofing solutions in related healthcare areas. Almost no healthcare organization has the benefit of the extensive experience in error proofing in manufacturing industries or other service industries. This article provides a simple methodology for applying error proofing principles and proven healthcare solutions for systematically generating workable solutions to reduce human error. PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1002/9780470061572.eqr409 PB - Chichester, England: John Wiley SN - 9780470018613 ER - TY - CONF TI - Dynamic electrostatic generation and dissipation on polymer surfaces AU - Cai, Y. AU - Liu L., Oxenham AU - W., Seyam AU - A.M., AU - T., Theyson C2 - 2007/// DA - 2007/// SP - 301-311 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Cost of quality AU - Godfrey, A. B. T2 - Encyclopedia of statistics in quality and reliability A2 - F. Ruggeri, R. S. Kenett A2 - Faltin, F. W. PY - 2007/// SP - 446-450 PB - Chichester, England: John Wiley SN - 9780470018613 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Turkish towel's place in the global market AU - Yilmaz, N. AU - Cassill, L. AU - Powell, N. T2 - Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 5 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global dynamics impacting yarn production and consumption AU - Tangboonritruthai S., Cassill N. L. AU - W., Oxenham T2 - Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 1-26 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An examination of the economic and social benefits from us textile industry strategic partnerships AU - Divita, L. AU - Ludwig, D. AU - Cassill, N. T2 - Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 5 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative assessment of relationship between pressure performances and material mechanical properties of medical graduated compression stockings AU - Liu, R. AU - Kwok, Y. L. AU - Li, Y. AU - Lao, T. T. AU - Zhang, X. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Graduated compression stockings (GCSs) have been widely applied for prophylaxis and treatment of venous disorders. Their pressure performances and medical functions depend largely upon the mechanical properties of stocking knitted fabrics. In the present study, the multiple fabric mechanical behaviors of GCSs with different pressure levels and medical functions were examined by using Kawabata standard evaluation system. On the basis of pressure ranges advised by the European Committee for Standardization, the definitive quantitative relationships between pressure performances and key mechanical properties of GCS fabrics were developed and evaluated. The results show that GCS fabrics with different pressure performances produced significant differences in tensile, shearing, and bending properties ( P < 0.001). GCS fabrics generating lighter pressure possessed higher values in tensile strain, tensile energy at a given force, and lower values in shearing stiffness and bending rigidity, while stronger pressure levels are produced by the GCS fabrics with higher resistance to the mechanical deformations. Pressure magnitude performances of GCSs are an integrative action performed by multiple fabric mechanical properties. The developed relationships between pressure levels and material mechanical properties provide a rational and practical approach for assessing and predicting pressure functional performances of GCSs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 601–610, 2007 DA - 2007/4/5/ PY - 2007/4/5/ DO - 10.1002/app.25617 VL - 104 IS - 1 SP - 601-610 SN - 1097-4628 KW - quantitative assessment KW - compression stockings KW - compression performances KW - mechanical properties KW - relationships ER - TY - JOUR TI - Numerical simulation of inner stress profiles and deformations of lower extremity beneath graduated compression stockings AU - Liu, R. AU - Kwok, Y. L. AU - Li, Y. AU - Lao, T. T. AU - Dai, X. Q. AU - Zhang, X. T2 - Fibers and Polymers DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 301-308 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Formation of fiberwebs from staple fibers with controlled fiber orientation using electrostatic forces: Theoretical analysis AU - Cai, Y. Y. AU - Seyam, A. M. AU - Kim, Y. K. T2 - Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 17-24 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fibers caught in the knuckles of the forming wires: Experimental measurements and physical origins of the force of peeling in the hydroentanglement process AU - Xiang, P. AU - Kuznetsov, A. V. AU - Seyam, A. M. T2 - Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 1-9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Books I found useful AU - Batra, S. K. T2 - Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 33-34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pretreatment of bleached cotton fibers with whole and Monocomponent cellulases for nonwoven applications AU - Arumugam, K. AU - Verenich, S. AU - Shim, Eunkyoung AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Textile Research Journal AB - Enzymatic treatment of fabrics has been carried out in the past to enhance the aesthetic properties, which has often resulted in the reduction of fabric strength. The objective of the current investigation was to develop process recipes for the production of soft and strong nonwoven fabric from enzymatically treated cotton fibers. Two different enzymatic solutions, the whole cellulase and Cellulose Binding Domain (CBD)-free monocomponent endoglucanase, were selected for this purpose. The latter was used as potential enzyme solution that could reduce the fiber strength loss during hydrolysis. This paper discusses the changes in reducing power, protein adsorption, surface properties and single fiber tenacity of bleached cotton fibers and compares with those obtained with raw cotton treated at identical conditions. The results observed in this study showed that bleached cotton was less susceptible to damage and weakening than raw cotton fibers. Thus, the aggressive whole cellulase is more suitable for treatment of bleached cotton fibers, whereas CBDfree endoglucanase is sufficient for treatment of raw cotton fibers. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1177/0040517507078807 VL - 77 IS - 10 SP - 734–742 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ultrastrong, stiff, and lightweight carbon-nanotube fibers AU - Zhang, Xiefei AU - Li, Qingwen AU - Holesinger, Terry G. AU - Arendt, Paul N. AU - Huang, Jianyu AU - Kirven, P. Douglas AU - Clapp, Timothy G. AU - DePaula, Raymond F. AU - Liao, Xiazhou AU - Zhao, Yonghao AU - Zheng, Lianxi AU - Peterson, Dean E. AU - Zhu, Yuntian T2 - ADVANCED MATERIALS AB - Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers that are many times stronger and stiffer per weight than the best existing engineering fibers and over twenty times better than other reported CNT fibers are described (see figure). Additionally, these CNT fibers are nonbrittle and tough, making them far superior to existing materials for preventing catastrophic failure. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c0776_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. DA - 2007/12/3/ PY - 2007/12/3/ DO - 10.1002/adma.200700776 VL - 19 IS - 23 SP - 4198-+ SN - 1521-4095 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simulation of fiber entanglement by modeling vorticity in water flow field AU - Xiang, Ping AU - Kuznetsov, Andrey V. AU - Seyam, Abdel-Fattah M. T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - This research developed a model of the hydroentanglement process, based on the first principles of fluid mechanics. This model proceeded from the assumption that fiber entanglement in the hydroentanglement process is proportional to the average vorticity in the fiberweb. Two-dimensional simulations of the water flow through the fiberweb and forming surfaces were performed in the plane perpendicular to the machine direction (MD). In these two-dimensional simulations the time-dependent development of the flow field was investigated, and it was found that the vortices induced by the water jets were influenced by the jet pressure and diameter. It was shown that the maximum average vorticity in the fiberweb occurred at a water jet diameter of 0.127 mm which explains why jets of such diameter are commonly used in industry. Three-dimensional simulations were also performed to account for the realistic geometry of the computational domain. The influence of the forming surface permeability was investigated and it was shown that the fiber entanglement increased as the open area of the forming surface decreased. DA - 2007/9// PY - 2007/9// DO - 10.1177/0040517506069158 VL - 77 IS - 5 SP - 312-329 SN - 0040-5175 KW - hydroenlargement KW - numerical modeling KW - impinging jets KW - vorticity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simulating permeability of 3-D calendered fibrous structures AU - Zobel, S. AU - Maze, B. AU - Tafreshi, H. Vahedi AU - Wang, Q. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE AB - Many fibrous materials such as nonwoven materials are often consolidated by means of hot calenders, i.e., hot compaction rolls. Hot calendering compresses the fiber assembly and can cause changes in the structure. In nonwovens, calendering has an added function of thermally bonding the fibers at their respective crossovers to form a strong but yet somewhat porous material. Calendering causes a significant increase in the solid volume fraction (SVF) of the media and therefore, affects their permeability. To our knowledge, no work in the literature has been dedicated to modeling the permeability of calendered nonwovens. In this study, virtual nonwoven structures are generated and compressed from top and bottom to resemble the hot calendering process. In agreement with our experimental observations, it was found that the average SVF profile across the material's thickness turns into a U-shape profile after the calendering. In this work, the dimensionless permeability of the calendered media is computed using CFD tools and reported for different compaction ratios. Results of our simulations are compared with the experiment as well as the available empirical and/or analytical permeability models in the literature and good agreement, depending upon the SVF, is observed. We also studied the influence of orientation distribution of the fibers on the dimensionless permeability of the fabric and noticed that permeability decreases by increasing the directionality of the fibers. This is found to be primarily due to the fact that highly oriented uncompressed fiber-webs tend to have a higher SVF. Fiber-webs of identical SVF, however, exhibited almost identical permeabilities regardless of their fiber orientations. DA - 2007/11// PY - 2007/11// DO - 10.1016/j.ces.2007.07.007 VL - 62 IS - 22 SP - 6285-6296 SN - 1873-4405 KW - fibrous materials KW - CFD KW - calendering KW - permeability KW - structural modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of surface cationization on the conformal deposition of polyelectrolytes over cotton fibers AU - Hyde, Kevin AU - Dong, Hong AU - Hinestroza, Juan P. T2 - CELLULOSE DA - 2007/12// PY - 2007/12// DO - 10.1007/s10570-007-9126-z VL - 14 IS - 6 SP - 615-623 SN - 1572-882X KW - cationization KW - cellulose KW - cotton KW - polyelectrolytes KW - layer-by-layer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Warp breaks detection in Jacquard weaving using MEMS: System development AU - Lee, J. H. AU - Seyam, A. M. AU - Hodge, G. AU - Oxenham, W. AU - Grant, E. T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - Abstract Research related to warp breaks has been limited to monitoring break frequency and the reason associated with breaks in order to improve warp yarn quality. While this approach led to improvement in weaving efficiency, warp breaks still represent a major problem, especially for today's high-speed weaving machines. Researchers have been trying to develop commercial automated systems to repair warp breaks with no success. The goal of this study is to explore inexpensive methods to detect warp breaks using nontraditional technique that would pave the way to automate warp break repair. To achieve the goal, a system that can detect warp breaks using MEMS accelerometers as sensors was developed for Jacquard weaving. The MEMS accelerometers were mounted on harness cords of a Jacquard tie. MEMS output acceleration signals components in the vertical and horizontal directions were analysed using time and frequency domains. The signals were acquired while warp ends are running and at the moment of intentional breaks. The analysis led to a successful detection of warp breaks, especially using the horizontal acceleration component that is mainly due to harness cord vibration. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1080/00405000701462559 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 275-280 SN - 0040-5000 KW - MEMS accelerometers KW - Jacquard weaving KW - warp breaks KW - automation of warp breaks ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the pressure drop modeling of monofilament-woven fabrics AU - Wang, Q. AU - Maze, B. AU - Tafreshi, H. Vahedi AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE AB - Pressure drop of monofilament-woven fabrics is often calculated via the so-called orifice model in which a discharge coefficient is assigned to the weave's unit cell. In all previous models of woven fabrics, the filaments were assumed to have circular cross-sections—an assumption which is not entirely accurate especially when there is a considerable tension in the warps and wefts. Following the methodology developed by Lu et al. [1996. Fluid flow through basic weaves of monofilament filter cloth. Textile Research Journal 66 (5), 311–323], a new set of expressions are derived for calculating the most constricted open area, and so the discharge coefficient, of plain-woven monofilament fabrics having filaments with elliptical cross-sections. Conducting numerical simulations for computing the pressure drop of such fabrics, we observed a logarithmic relationship between the discharge coefficient and the Reynolds number. It was also shown that the discharge coefficient decreases by increasing the aspect ratio of the filaments’ cross-section. DA - 2007/9// PY - 2007/9// DO - 10.1016/j.ces.2007.06.001 VL - 62 IS - 17 SP - 4817-4821 SN - 1873-4405 KW - air permeability KW - monotilament fabrics KW - filament with elliptical cross-section KW - CFD ER - TY - JOUR TI - Geometrical modeling of fibrous materials under compression AU - Maze, Benoit AU - Tafreshi, Hooman Vahedi AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS AB - Many fibrous materials such as nonwovens are consolidated via compaction rolls in a so-called calendering process. Hot rolls compress the fiber assembly and cause fiber-to-fiber bonding resulting in a strong yet porous structure. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for generating three dimensional virtual fiberwebs and simulating the geometrical changes that happen to the structure during the calendering process. Fibers are assumed to be continuous filaments with square cross sections lying randomly in the x or y direction. The fibers are assumed to be flexible to allow bending over one another during the compression process. Lateral displacement is not allowed during the compaction process. The algorithm also does not allow the fibers to interpenetrate or elongate and so the mass of the fibers is conserved. Bending of the fibers is modeled either by considering a constant “slope of bending” or constant “span of bending.” The influence of the bending parameters on the propagation of compression through the material’s thickness is discussed. In agreement with our experimental observations, it was found that the average solid volume fraction profile across the thickness becomes U shaped after the calendering. The application of these virtual structures in studying transport phenomena in fibrous materials is also demonstrated. DA - 2007/10/1/ PY - 2007/10/1/ DO - 10.1063/1.2794476 VL - 102 IS - 7 SP - SN - 1089-7550 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fumonisins: Toxicokinetics, mechanism of action and toxicity AU - Voss, K. A. AU - Smith, G. W. AU - Haschek, W. M. T2 - ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum. They occur worldwide and are found predominantly in maize and in maize-based animal feeds. Of the fumonisins, fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most common and the most thoroughly studied. FB1 causes the same toxicities in animals as F. verticillioides- and F. proliferatum-contaminated feeds including equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) and porcine pulmonary edema (PPE), diseases long associated with the consumption of mouldy feed by horses and pigs, respectively. FB1 is toxic to the liver in all species and the kidney in a range of laboratory and farm animal species, causing apoptosis followed by mitosis in the affected tissues. FB1 is also toxic to the cardiovascular system in pigs and horses. FB1 and other fumonisins inhibit ceramide synthase in all species including laboratory and farm animals and disrupt sphingolipid metabolism, a process underlying the mechanism of toxicity and pathogenesis of fumonisin-related diseases. The USFDA has set guidances for fumonisin concentrations in animal feeds that range from 1 to 50 ppm in the formulated rations depending upon the animal species. The European Union Commission has recommended guidance levels for fumonisins B1 plus B2 in feed materials and formulated feedstuffs. The levels also vary according to species and range from 5 ppm for horses, pigs, rabbits and pet animals to 50 ppm for adult ruminants and mink. Awareness of fumonisin-related animal diseases, monitoring feed and feed components, and adherence to guidance recommendations are important for reducing fumonisin-induced diseases in agriculturally important species. DA - 2007/10/1/ PY - 2007/10/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.007 VL - 137 IS - 3-4 SP - 299-325 SN - 1873-2216 KW - fumonisins KW - equine leukoencephalomalacia KW - porcine pulmonary edema KW - toxicity KW - mechanism of action KW - bioavailability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of body shape between USA and Korean women AU - Lee, Jeong Yim AU - Istook, Cynthia L. AU - Nam, Yun Ja AU - Park, Sun Mi T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLOTHING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare body shape between USA and Korean women. It aims to analyze the distribution and proportion of body shapes of two countries and compare the differences of body shape according to age. Design/methodology/approach SizeUSA and SizeKorea measurement data were evaluated using the Female Figure Identification Technique for apparel system developed at North Carolina State University. Once the samples were defined by shape, comparisons were made of the distribution according to age and country through statistical analysis. Findings The paper finds that the largest shape category was the rectangle shape in both countries, but the distribution within each shape category for Korean women was different from that of USA women. More body shape categories were found in the USA women than in Korean women. In addition, most body shape categories had different body proportions when comparing the USA women and Korean women. The USA women had the higher measurements in the waist, high hip, and hips height and the larger measurements in the bust, waist, high hip, and hips circumference. Research limitations/implications Of the over 6,300 US female subjects in this study, only five failed to be identified by the seven shapes identified. These subjects had over 50.2 in. of hip circumference, over 10 in. larger hips than bust circumference, and over 15.5 in. larger hips than waist circumference. Further refinement of the mathematical definitions or a second group of criteria may be required for sorting the women that have no shape as defined by this study. Originality/value The opportunity to compare the body shapes between two very different countries, using national anthropometric survey data, is very rare, indeed. This comparison allows the opportunity to discover ways to improve the sizing systems of each country, as well as impact the development of international sizing standards that could have a significant impact on brands producing product for a variety of international consumers. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1108/09556220710819555 VL - 19 IS - 5 SP - 374-391 SN - 1758-5953 UR - https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556220710819555 KW - women KW - measurement characteristics KW - United States of America KW - South Korea ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simulating through-plane permeability of fibrous materials with different fiber lengths AU - Wang, Q. AU - Maze, B. AU - Tafreshi, H. Vahedi AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AB - Assuming that fibers can be represented as straight cylinders, an algorithm for generating virtual 3D layered fibrous media made up of fibers having identical diameters but different lengths is presented. It is shown that for a given basis weight and computational box (sample size), reducing the fiber length causes the solid volume fraction (SVF) to increase as the fibers pack next to one another more efficiently. The air permeability of these media is numerically simulated and discussed in detail with respect to the available 2D and 3D studies in the literature. Our permeability calculations show an excellent agreement with the predictions of the empirical equation of Davies [1] as well as the analytical model of Spielman and Goren [2]. Such an agreement indicates that, within the range of dimensions considered, the fiber length has no significant influence on the materials' through-plane permeability as long as the SVF remains constant. While this concept has been empirically observed in the past, our work is the first numerical simulation devised to confirm it. DA - 2007/12// PY - 2007/12// DO - 10.1088/0965-0393/15/8/003 VL - 15 IS - 8 SP - 855-868 SN - 0965-0393 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Joseph M. Juran, a perspective on past contributions and future impact AU - Godfrey, A. Blanton AU - Kenett, Ron S. T2 - QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL AB - Abstract This paper combines presentations by the authors in a special session dedicated to the work of Joseph M. Juran at the sixth annual conference of the European Network for Business and Industrial Statistics in Wroclaw, Poland. The paper offers an historical perspective of the contributions of J. M. Juran to management science emphasizing aspects of cause and effect relationships and Integrated Models. Specifically, the paper presents the Juran concepts of Management Breakthrough, the Pareto Principle, the Juran Trilogy ® and Six Sigma. The impact of these contributions, put in an historical perspective of key thinkers who investigated cause and effect relationships, is then discussed. The impact of these contributions to modern Integrated Models is then assessed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2007/10// PY - 2007/10// DO - 10.1002/qre.861 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 653-663 SN - 1099-1638 KW - J. M. Juran KW - the Juran Trilogy((R)) KW - management breakthroughs KW - the pareto principle KW - six sigma KW - quality systems KW - integrated models KW - cause and effect relationships ER - TY - JOUR TI - New functionalities of PA6,6 fabric modified by atmospheric pressure plasma and grafted glycidyl methacrylate derivatives AU - Gawish, S. M. AU - Ramadan, A. M. AU - Cornelius, C. E. AU - Bourham, M. A. AU - Matthews, S. R. AU - McCord, M. G. AU - Wafa, D. M. AU - Breidt, F. T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - Oxidative atmospheric pressure plasma was utilized to activate surface of PA 6,6 fabrics followed by graft copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and further reacted with triethylene tetramine (TETA), quaternary ammonium chitosan (HTCC) or β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The inner CD cavity was complexed with some insecticidal perfumes. Modified PA6,6 fabrics were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Antimicrobial activity and insect repelling assay were conducted and showed efficient antimicrobial and insect repelling properties. DA - 2007/2// PY - 2007/2// DO - 10.1177/0040517507076747 VL - 77 IS - 2 SP - 92-104 SN - 1746-7748 KW - PA6,6 fabrics KW - atmospheric plasma KW - inclusion compounds ER - TY - JOUR TI - Atomic layer deposition of Conformal inorganic nanoscale coatings on three-dimensional natural fiber systems: Effect of surface topology on film growth characteristics AU - Hyde, G. Kevin AU - Park, Kie Jin AU - Stewart, S. Michael AU - Hinestroza, Juan P. AU - Parsons, Gregory N. T2 - LANGMUIR AB - Atomic-scale material deposition is utilized to achieve uniform coverage and modification of the surface properties of natural fiber and woven fabric materials, where irregular nanoscale features are embedded in a macroscale interpenetrating fiber network. The complex surface topology of the woven fabric results in significantly different film-growth thickness per ALD cycle as compared to planar surfaces coated using the same process conditions, likely due to reactant adsorption within the fiber starting material, as well as impeded reactant transport out of the fabric system during the purge cycle. Cotton textiles modified with conformal nanoscale Al2O3 are found to show extreme hydrophobic effects, distinctly different from planar surfaces that receive the same coatings. The results highlight key concerns for achieving controlled conformal coatings on complex surfaces and open the possibility for new textile finishing approaches to create novel fabric-based materials with specialized function and performance. DA - 2007/9/11/ PY - 2007/9/11/ DO - 10.1021/la701449t VL - 23 IS - 19 SP - 9844-9849 SN - 0743-7463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physical and mechanical properties of chiengora fibers AU - Greer, S. AU - Banks-Lee, P. AU - Jones, M. T2 - AATCC Review DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// VL - 7 IS - 5 SP - 42-46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Atomic layer deposition on electrospun polymer fibers as a direct route to Al2O3 microtubes with precise wall thickness control AU - Peng, Qing AU - Sun, Xiao-Yu AU - Spagnola, Joseph C. AU - Hyde, G. Kevin AU - Spontak, Richard J. AU - Parsons, Gregory N. T2 - NANO LETTERS AB - Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 on electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) microfiber templates is demonstrated as an effective and robust strategy by which to fabricate long and uniform metal-oxide microtubes. The wall thickness is shown to be precisely controlled within a molecular layer or so by adjusting the number of ALD cycles utilized. By judicious selection of the electrospinning and ALD parameters, designer tubes of various sizes and inorganic materials can be synthesized. DA - 2007/3// PY - 2007/3// DO - 10.1021/nl062948i VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 719-722 SN - 1530-6984 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prevention of warp breaks in Jacquard weaving AU - Seyam, Abdelfattah M. AU - Lee, Jin Ho AU - Hodge, George AU - Oxenham, William AU - Grant, Edward T2 - FIBERS AND POLYMERS DA - 2007/2// PY - 2007/2// DO - 10.1007/bf02908163 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 79-83 SN - 1229-9197 KW - MEMS accelerometers KW - Jacquard weaving KW - warp breaks detection KW - warp breaks prevention KW - automation KW - warp tension ER - TY - JOUR TI - Design of a superhydrophobic surface using woven structures AU - Michielsen, Stephen AU - Lee, Hoon J. T2 - LANGMUIR AB - The relationship between surface tension and roughness is reviewed. The Cassie-Baxter model is restated in its original form, which better describes the most general cases of surface roughness. Using mechanical and chemical surface modification of nylon 6,6 woven fabric, an artificial superhydrophobic surface was prepared. A plain woven fabric mimicking the Lotus leaf was created by further grafting 1H,1H-perfluorooctylamine or octadecylamine to poly(acrylic acid) chains which had previously been grafted onto a nylon 6,6 woven fabric surface. Water contact angles as high as 168 degrees were achieved. Good agreement between the predictions based on the original Cassie-Baxter model and experiments was obtained. The version of the Cassie-Baxter model in current use could not be applied to this problem since the surface area fractions in this form is valid only when the liquid is in contact with a flat, porous surface. The angle at which a water droplet rolls off the surface has also been used to define a superhydrophobic surface. It is shown that the roll-off angle is highly dependent on droplet size. The roll-off angles of these superhydrophobic surfaces were less than 5 degrees when a 0.5 mL water droplet was applied. DA - 2007/5/22/ PY - 2007/5/22/ DO - 10.1021/la063157z VL - 23 IS - 11 SP - 6004-6010 SN - 0743-7463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A simulation of un-steady-state filtration via nanofiber media at reduced operating pressures AU - Maze, B. AU - Tafreshi, H. Vahedi AU - Wang, Q. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE AB - In this work, 3-D structures resembling nanofiber (df<200nm) filter media are simulated and challenged with nanoparticle aerosols at reduced operating pressures. For the range of fiber diameters considered in this paper, the free molecular flow regime is dominant. Therefore, the disturbances to the air flow field caused by the fibers are neglected. Nanoparticle capture efficiency of nanofiber webs, due to Brownian diffusion and interception, is calculated for particle diameters ranging from 50 to 500 nm. Our simulations show that by decreasing the fiber diameter, the minimum collection efficiency of filtration media having identical pressure drops increases. This effect is accompanied by a decrease in the particle diameter associated with these minimum efficiencies—the most penetrating particle diameter. Moreover, it is demonstrated that increasing the flow temperature enhances the nanoparticle capture efficiency of nanofiber filters. Allowing the particles to deposit on the fibers as well as each other, the caking process of such nanofiber filters is simulated for different monodisperse and polydisperse aerosols at different temperatures. The statistical information regarding the composition of nanoparticle cakes formed at high and low temperatures is presented and discussed. DA - 2007/5// PY - 2007/5// DO - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.03.008 VL - 38 IS - 5 SP - 550-571 SN - 1879-1964 KW - filtration KW - nanofiber KW - nanoparticle KW - caking KW - nonwoven filter KW - electrospinning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preparation of a superhydrophobic rough surface AU - Lee, Hoon Joo AU - Michielsen, Stephen T2 - JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS AB - Abstract The relationship between the contact angles, surface tension, and surface roughness is reviewed. Numerical formulas related to the superhydrophobic rough surfaces of polymers are predicted with two approaches, the Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter models. With these models as a guide, an artificial superhydrophobic surface is created. Rough nylon surfaces mimicking the lotus leaf are created by the coating of a polyester surface with nylon‐6,6 short fibers via the flocking process. Poly(acrylic acid) chains aregrafted onto nylon‐6,6 surfaces, and this is followed by the grafting of 1 H, 1 H ‐perfluorooctylamine onto the poly(acrylic acid) chains. Water contact angles as high as 178° are achieved. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 253–261, 2007. DA - 2007/2/1/ PY - 2007/2/1/ DO - 10.1002/polb.21036 VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 253-261 SN - 1099-0488 KW - contact angles KW - fibers KW - films KW - high performance polymers KW - nylon-6,6 KW - 1H, 1H-perfluorooctylamine KW - polyamides KW - superhydrophobic KW - surface tension KW - surfaces ER - TY - JOUR TI - Atmospheric plasma-aided biocidal finishes for nonwoven polypropylene fabrics. II. Functionality of synthesized fabrics AU - Wafa, D. M. AU - Breidt, F. AU - Gawish, S. M. AU - Matthews, S. R. AU - Donohue, K. V. AU - Roe, R. M. AU - Bourham, M. A. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Atmospheric plasma‐aided graft copolymerization of textile materials provides single or multiple functionality polypropylene (PP) modified fabrics. Biocidal PP's are modified ones to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, molds, and fungi, and insect and tick repelling action. Novel PP biocidal fabrics synthesized by graft copolymerization using plasma‐aided technique (see part I of this study) using antibacterial and insect repellent agents have been tested and evaluated and proved to be antimicrobial, tick repellent, and antistatic. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1911–1917, 2007 DA - 2007/2/5/ PY - 2007/2/5/ DO - 10.1002/app.24042 VL - 103 IS - 3 SP - 1911-1917 SN - 1097-4628 KW - nonwoven PP KW - atmospheric oxygenated helium plasma KW - GMA KW - beta-CD KW - MCT beta-CD KW - HTCC KW - antistatic KW - antimicrobial KW - insect repellent fabrics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Atmospheric plasma-aided biocidal finishes for nonwoven polypropylene fabrics. I. Synthesis and characterization AU - Gawish, S. M. AU - Matthews, S. R. AU - Wafa, D. M. AU - Breidt, F. AU - Bourham, M. A. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Novel biocidal fabrics were synthesized by the graft copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto plasma‐treated nonwoven polypropylene (PP) to produce PP/GMA grafts. Atmospheric oxygenated helium plasma was used to enhance the PP fabrics' initiation before GMA grafting. The grafted PP/GMA epoxide group was reacted with β‐cyclodextrin, monochlorotrizynyl‐β‐cyclodextrins, or a quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative [ N ‐(2 hydroxy propyl) 3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride]. Some interesting biocidal agents were complexed into the cyclodextrin (CD) cavity of PP/GMA/CD grafted fabrics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to characterize the grafted complexed fabrics. These synthesized biocidal fabrics proved to be antistatic, antimicrobial, and insect‐repelling (see part II of this study). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1900–1910, 2007 DA - 2007/2/5/ PY - 2007/2/5/ DO - 10.1002/app.24021 VL - 103 IS - 3 SP - 1900-1910 SN - 1097-4628 KW - cold plasma KW - graft copolymers KW - polypropylene KW - chitosan KW - inclusion chemistry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prediction of surface uniformity in woven fabrics through 2-D anisotropy measures, Part II: Simulation and verification of the prediction model AU - Guenay, M. AU - Suh, M. W. AU - Jasper, W. J. T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - Abstract Yarn diameter profiles were captured from an online measurement system and then translated into a two-dimensional (2-D) fabric matrix by assigning each point of the yarn to a specific location within a virtual fabric. A method to quantify the anisotropy in fabric nonuniformity was developed by combining the gray-scale image of the 2-D fabric matrix with the newly defined between-area variance curves. The 2-D anisotropy measures thus obtained were found to be highly useful for characterizing certain appearance features of woven fabrics such as vertical or horizontal streaks and random cloudiness. Methods for selecting different shapes of the unit area facilitated comparison of the resulting between-area variance curves, and thus a measure of isotropy in the nonuniformity features of the woven fabrics. Keywords: Variance-area curvesanisotropysurface uniformitysimulation DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1533/joti.2005.0234 VL - 98 IS - 2 SP - 117-126 SN - 0040-5000 KW - variance-area curves KW - anisotropy KW - surface uniformity KW - simulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prediction of surface uniformity in woven fabrics through 2-D anisotropy measures, Part I: Definitions and theoretical model AU - Suh, M. W. AU - Guenay, M. AU - Jasper, W. J. T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - Abstract A method has been developed for analyzing and predicting the surface uniformity of fabrics directly from yarn diameter measurements by using variance-area curves. The variance-length curves were first derived as a function of correlogram obtainable from the neighboring points within a yarn. Then the between-area variance curves were obtained directly from the variance-length curve and a correlation function. The anisotropy of surface irregularity was defined for woven fabrics, and a quantification method was proposed. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007/// DO - 10.1533/joti.2005.0232 VL - 98 IS - 2 SP - 109-116 SN - 0040-5000 KW - variance-area curves KW - anisotropy KW - surface uniformity ER -