TY - CONF TI - Washing cotton to eliminate health hazard. Part III: Carding and dust levels AU - Batra, S. C2 - 1979/// C3 - Natural Fibers Textile Conference, 1979 DA - 1979/// PB - Washington, D.C.: The Conference ER - TY - CONF TI - Characteristics of card room dust measured by light scattering and short-termed samplers AU - Batra, S.K. AU - Hersh, S.P. AU - Fornes, R.E. AU - Anand, M. AU - Johnson, R.H. C2 - 1979/// C3 - Third special session on cotton dust research : proceedings: beltwide cotton production research conference: Phoenix, Arizona, January 9-10, 1979 DA - 1979/// PB - Memphis, Tenn.: The Council ER - TY - JOUR TI - MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF THE MAMMALIAN VAS-DEFERENS .2. ACTIVE STATE AU - BATRA, SK AU - LAU, CW AU - KREPCHIN, IP AU - SHACK, WJ AU - LARDNER, TJ T2 - ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY AB - AbstractThe mechanical response of the vas induced by field stimulation is described in this paper. The experiments were performed, in vitro, on vasa from Sprague-Dawley albino rats. In the maintained ac tetanic stimulation, the active force achieves the peak magnitude in about 1 to 1.2 sec; thereafter, it relaxes gradually. For a given stimulus voltage (amplitude), a maximal response is elicited at 60 Hz. At 6000 Hz, and greater, no response is elicited. The ability to respond to stimulus dies out in 2 hr at 5°C above the normal temperature of 37°C; the ability to respond to stimulus remains unaffected at 5°C below the normal temperature. The active force is always larger than the passive force when the vas is subjected to titanic stimulation near its in situ length.Key Words: Vas deferensMechanical propertiesViscoelastic propertiesIntravasal devicesSperm transport DA - 1979/// PY - 1979/// DO - 10.3109/01485017908985058 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 119-125 SN - 0148-5016 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF THE MAMMALIAN VAS-DEFERENS .1. PASSIVE STATE AU - BATRA, SK AU - KREPCHIN, IP AU - LAU, CW AU - SHACK, WJ AU - LARDNER, TJ T2 - ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY AB - Knowledge of the mechanical properties of the vas deferens is important in order to understand the mechanical interaction between an intravasal device (IVD) and the vas deferens—a necessary step for successful long-term implantation. It is equally important in order to understand the mechanism of sperm transport through the vas, with or without an IVD implant, by means of quantitative mechanical models. Experiments were performed, in vitro, on vas deferens from rat, bull, and rabbit, to determine its mechanical properties in the passive state. The data consist of (1) load response to simple extension and cyclic extension, (2) extensional response to cyclic loading, and (3) stress relaxation response at constant extensions. The load-elongation behavior is characterized by Fung's exponential model T = (T* + β)eα(λ-λ*) - β quantitatively, where T is the Lagrangian or engineering stress (current force in the specimen divided by the original area of cross section) (dyn/cm2), T* is a convenient stress value (dyn/cm2), α is a parameter characterizing material elasticity (dimensionless), β is a second material parameter (dyn/cm2), λ is a stretch ratio (dimensionless) equal to l/l0, where l is the instantaneous length of the specimen (cm) and l0 is its reference length measured at 2-gram-force (1 gram force = 981 dyn) applied load (cm), and λ* is the stretch level corresponding to T* (dimensionless). The vas appears to behave as a viscoelastic material and its reduced relaxation function may be dependent on the initial level of stretch. The cyclic-loading and cyclic-extension data give evidence of internal damping mechanisms, which make the loading curves different from the unloading curves (hysteresis). Also, the mechanical behavior of the vas is found to be altered by repeated loadings in quick succession. It is likely that cyclic loadings, in vivo, occur at much lower levels of stress and thus cause negligible damage, or that there are natural mechanisms which repair the damage. The behavior of tissue from different species of animals are qualitatively similar, although the tissue from the larger-size animal is likely to be stronger and stiffer. Due to very little interweaving between the muscle fibers of the longitudinal and circumferential layers, the data reported reflect the properties of the longitudinal layers only. Because the muscular structure of the three layers is very similar, the properties of the circumferential layer may be extrapolated. DA - 1979/// PY - 1979/// DO - 10.3109/01485017908985057 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 107-117 SN - 0148-5016 ER -