TY - CHAP TI - Manufacturing and design of coir fiber composites AU - Hamouda, Tamer AU - Aly, Nermin M. T2 - Coir Fiber and its Composites AB - Natural fiber composites are being utilized in different industries such as construction industry and automotive industry. This is due to their economic benefits along with environmental benefits which are driven by the rising demands for lightweight, low emissions, and recyclability. Flax, jute, kenaf, hemp, sisal, and coir fibers have been widely used in reinforcing composites with different thermoset and/or thermoplastic matrices. In specific, coir fibers as a natural material have gained a lot of attention due to its high availability and for its good mechanical properties. In this chapter, coir fiber as a reinforcement material in different preforms is investigated. Coir fiber preforms including short fibers, woven and nonwoven preforms, and hybrid coir with natural/synthetic preform will be investigated. Treated and nontreated coir fiber preform will also be investigated as part of this chapter. PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1016/b978-0-443-15186-6.00077-1 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-15186-6.00077-1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Circular Economy of Composite Materials Using Waste Jute Fibers and Recycled Polyester Fibers as a Reinforcement for Packaging Applications AU - Hamouda, Tamer AU - Aly, Nermin M. T2 - Egyptian Journal of Chemistry DA - 2022/10/4/ PY - 2022/10/4/ DO - 10.21608/ejchem.2022.159418.6881 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2022.159418.6881 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An experimental study on the interaction between braiding structural parameters and their effects on ropes mechanical properties AU - Hamouda, Tamer AU - Aly, Nermin M. AU - Elshakankery, MH T2 - Journal of Industrial Textiles AB - Braided rope configuration and properties are the main key factors to consider on choosing it for various industrial applications. Rope's structure is characterized by high axial tensile strength combined with flexibility. The mechanical properties of ropes are greatly influenced by braiding process settings which have crucial effects on their functional performance. In this study, 27 types of braided polyester ropes were produced and divided into three groups according to their structural parameters and braiding settings, which include take-up and tension rates, yarn count, braid pattern, number of spindles and carriers' settings. The effects of changing these parameters on braid angle, repeat length, linear density, and mechanical properties such as tensile stress, strain and tensile modulus were investigated. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the results using multiple regression analysis, F-test, surface and contour plots to illustrate the relation and the interaction between variables that have significant effects on the ropes' properties and to assess their performance. The results indicated that increasing the take-up rate leads to increase the ropes' braid angle. Whereas, increasing the tension leads to obtain ropes of low linear density with high stress and modulus. Ropes of lower strain were attained by increasing the take-up and decreasing the tension rates. Furthermore, the rope sample produced with pattern 2/2 using the high take-up and medium tension rate achieved the highest mechanical properties of high stress, modulus with low strain among all rope samples in the three groups. DA - 2022/4// PY - 2022/4// DO - 10.1177/1528083720960732 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083720960732 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling tensile behavior of 3D orthogonal woven green composites considering variability of natural fibers T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute AB - Over the past few decades, ecological concerns resulted in an interest in using natural fibers such as flax and hemp as a reinforcement in composite materials. However, the inherent variability of their mechanical and physical properties complicates predicting the mechanical performance of their preforms and hence composites. This research introduces a novel approach in modeling natural fiber composites. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first model that considers the variability of natural fibers' properties used in 3D orthogonal woven composites. Measured properties of fibers, yarns and resin in addition to geometrical parameters were used as inputs while the entire Load-Elongation curve of the composite was the output of the model. This model is generalized for any weave design and can be applied for hybrid structures. The model was verified experimentally using preforms from flax and hemp fibers. The model verification showed that there is a better agreement between the predicted and experimental results when using the properties of yarns as input rather than fibers. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1080/00405000.2021.1927938 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/44575915/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - Preface AU - Shaker, K. AU - Nawab, Y. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1016/B978-0-08-012822-1.50004-8 SE - vii UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127824782&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thermo-physiological Comfort of Woven Fabrics Made from Different Cellulosic Yarns T2 - Journal of Natural Fibers AB - Cellulose is the most abundant substance existing in the form of plants on the earth. These fibers are obtained either directly or indirectly from the seed, leaves, stem, or wood of plants. Cellulosic fibers are preferred for apparels owing to their abundance, ease of processing, biodegradation, and compatible with the human body in terms of better moisture management, thermal regulation, and tactile comfort. In this study, woven fabric made of four different cellulosic yarns, i.e. cotton, bamboo, tencel, and viscose were produced, and their thermo-physiological comfort properties were compared. The linear density of yarns, and thread density and weave structure (3/1 twill) of all the fabrics were kept constant on the weaving machine. Air permeability, thermal resistance, and moisture management tests were carried out to analyze their thermo-physiological comfort properties. The results showed that cotton fabric showed higher air permeability and thermal resistance as compared to other cellulosic fabrics. Whereas the moisture management properties of tencel fabric were superior to the rest of cellulosic fabrics. Moreover, the effect of cellulosic materials on air permeability and moisture management properties of the woven fabrics was found statistically significant. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1080/15440478.2020.1852997 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/31185776/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of inlay yarn type and stacking sequence on mechanical performance of knitted uni-directional thermoplastic composite prepregs T2 - Journal of Industrial Textiles AB - The aim of this study is to develop and investigate mechanical properties of knitted unidirectional thermoplastic composite prepregs. Knitted prepregs were fabricated by using thermoplastic yarns (high density polyethylene and polypropylene) and high performance yarns (kevlar, basalt and carbon) in double jersey inlay structure. This is a new approach to combine the reinforcing fiber with resin forming thermoplastic fiber during the knitting operation. The structures were stacked further in three stacking sequences at different angles (0/0/0/0, 0/90/0/90, 0/90/90/0), and hot compression was used to convert them into composite prepregs by melting the thermoplastic component. Mechanical properties e.g. tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact energy absorbed etc. were investigated in detail. Full factorial experimental design was used in order to study the effect of main yarn, inlay yarn and direction of stacking/plying on mechanical properties of composites. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted by Minitab 17 software to estimate the significance of testing direction (T), type of inlay yarn (I), type of main yarn (M) and stacking sequence (S) on mechanical properties. Overall highest tensile and flexural strengths were observed for Carbon fiber based samples followed by Kevlar and Basalt respectively. Theoretical estimation of elastic modulus shows similar trend as the experimental results. The inter-laminar shear strength is maximum when the fiber orientation changes in each layer. Type of main yarn and inlay yarn have significant contribution on impact related properties. Depending upon type of material, these composites can be used in aerospace, automotive, civil and sports goods. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1177/1528083720947727 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/30970309/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimizing the Auxetic Geometry Parameters in Few Yarns Based Auxetic Woven Fabrics for Enhanced Mechanical Properties Using Grey Relational Analysis T2 - Journal of Natural Fibers AB - (2021). Optimizing the Auxetic Geometry Parameters in Few Yarns Based Auxetic Woven Fabrics for Enhanced Mechanical Properties Using Grey Relational Analysis. Journal of Natural Fibers. Ahead of Print. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1080/15440478.2020.1870611 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/34202219/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanical performance of 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites with novel weaving patterns T2 - Journal of Industrial Textiles AB - Green composites have ecofriendly features that are technically and economically feasible while minimizing the pollution. It refers to the combination of degradable fibers mostly cellulosic materials and natural resins to develop green composites. Since mechanical performance of such structures is a concern for industry, by playing with the position and pattern of yarns in woven fabric, these properties can be optimized. This research focuses on the development and characterization of novel 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites having hybrid interlocking patterns. Four conventional derivatives of 3D woven fabrics i.e. orthogonal layer to layer (OLL), orthogonal through thickness (OTT), angle interlock layer to layer (ALL), angle interlock through thickness (ATT) and three novel 3D woven fabrics i.e. H1 (combination of OTT and ATT binder yarns), H2 (combination of OTT and ALL binder yarns), H3 (combination of orthogonal layer to layer warp and weft interlock called as bi-directional interlock) were developed using different binding patterns on dobby loom. Tensile, flexural, and short beam shear tests were performed to check the mechanical performance of the developed composites. OTT composite structure showed the highest values of tensile strength, modulus, and maximum force both in warp and weft directions as compared to the other 3D interlock structures, due to least interlacement/crimp of binder yarn. While ATT composite exhibited the highest value of flexural strength and modulus both in warp and weft directions due to through thickness angle binder yarns. H3 composite showed the highest values of force and short beam shear strength in warp direction. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1177/1528083720948025 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/30452387/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cellulosic Fillers Extracted from Argyreia Speciose Waste: A Potential Reinforcement for Composites to Enhance Properties T2 - Journal of Natural Fibers AB - The growing world population and urge of the improved living standard has increased the demand of materials leading to higher post-consumer waste. This paper investigates the potential of using plant waste (yard cutting) as reinforcement for composite materials, which is either landfilled or burnt. The yard cutting of a creeper plant, Argyreia speciose (local name Tezgam) plant was used for fiber extraction, by water retting. The extracted fibers were treated with an alkali solution and then converted to powder (particle) form by ball milling. The particles obtained, after milling, were used as a reinforcement to fabricate composite material along with jute fabric obtained from waste packing bags. The mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact) of these waste material hybrid composites were investigated. It was found that the filler reinforced composites exhibited higher strength as compared to the others. The addition of fillers also enhanced the modulus of the material, both in tensile and 3-point bending mode. These fillers loaded composites were also able to withstand the maximum force for a longer period during the drop weight impact test. Hence, agricultural waste can be effectively used to develop a value-added product with enhanced performance properties. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1080/15440478.2020.1856271 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/33550446/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Three-dimensional printable metamaterial intramedullary nails with tunable strain for the treatment of long bone fractures T2 - Materials & Design AB - Novel metamaterial unit cells with tunable strain were incorporated into titanium intramedullary (IM) nails to overcome problems of dense metallic implants. Three-dimensional (3D) models of cylindrical, pillar, and reference metamaterials were tuned and analyzed for structural authentication. Further, one solid IM nail (S0) and four different cylindrical metamaterial cell IM nails with gap sizes of 0.15 mm, 0.30 mm, 0.45 mm, and 0.60 mm were used to achieve 5% (S1), 10% (S2), 15% (S3), and 20% (S4) strain, respectively, in a 3-mm fracture, to investigate the healing outcomes. The bending stiffness (callus quality) in the S2 metamaterial IM nail increased by 22% between the 7th and 16th iterations, whereas for the S0, S1, S3, and S4 IM nails, the increases were 5.6%, 8.1%, 12.4%, and 9.0%, respectively. The S2 IM nail exhibited the best healing and bending stiffness; however, the S0 IM nail exhibited the worst results. This unique design was customized for different fracture gap sizes according to patient-specific needs. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1016/J.MATDES.2022.110942 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54391767/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Role and Applications of Aerogels in Textiles T2 - Advances in Materials Science and Engineering AB - Textiles have been used for clothing purposes since ancient times. However, due to their functional properties, their importance—as well as their use in various fields such as filtration, protective clothing, and medical applications—increased over time. Properties of the textile fabrics depend mostly on the fiber type, fabrication technique, and structure. Moreover, fabric porosity is one of the properties that provide comfort, increased thermal insulation, and filtration capability to the end products. The porous structure of woven, knitted, and nonwoven fabrics has been used for many years to get the desired porosity. Usually, macroporous structures are achieved using these types of textiles. Electrospinning is used to produce nanoporous textile fibrous web, but its poor mechanical properties and low production rate limit its use. Aerogels are solid materials with ultrahigh porosity at the nanoscale with low density and good thermal insulation properties, due to which they are considered potential insulation materials today. On the other hand, pure aerogels are sometimes brittle and have poor mechanical properties. Thus, they cannot be directly used in various applications. Consequently, textile reinforced aerogel composites have been developed, which could provide flexibility and strength to aerogels and impart nanoporous structure to textiles. This review summarizes conventional techniques to produce the porous structure in textiles followed by the modern techniques to develop a nanoporous structure. Further, different mechanisms to synthesize textile reinforced aerogel composites are discussed to get a nanoporous structure for filtration and thermal insulation applications. The porosity, mechanical properties, and thermal insulation of textile reinforced aerogel composites are also highlighted. In the end, we give a conclusion that not only summarizes the literature, but also includes recommendations for the researchers. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1155/2022/2407769 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54109760/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent trends in water purification using electrospun nanofibrous membranes T2 - International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1007/S13762-021-03603-9 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/49048362/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimization of Flame Retardancy & Mechanical Performance of Jute-glass/Epoxy Hybrid Composites T2 - Fibers and Polymers DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1007/S12221-022-4049-8 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54391768/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Numerical modeling of suspension impregnation through a fibrous medium: Application to the CRTM process T2 - Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites AB - In this article, a numerical model dedicated to the impregnation modeling of a fibrous medium by a particle-filled resin (suspension) is proposed. It allows to simulate and analyze the mold filling with a particle-filled resin during the Compression Resin Transfer Molding (CRTM) process at a given compression speed and compaction force. As per our knowledge, no such work with this last compression mode has already been reported in the literature. The simulation results of our approach were compared with the analytical as well as experimental results, and found in agreement. With an objective to analyze the effect of the process parameters on the suspension flow, particularly on the final distribution of the particles in the developed composite, a detailed parametric study was done. Finally, a comparison between the injection and compression modes is conducted and discussed. The obtained results demonstrate that the particle volume per mold cavity volume depends on the initial concentration, the distance traveled, and the initial volume fraction of the fiber, while it is independent of parameters values of injection and compression. It was also observed that the imposed pressure injection and the imposed force compression are the most favorable to produce composite parts using CRTM. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1177/07316844221142017 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54411709/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mode I Fatigue of Fibre Reinforced Polymeric Composites: A Review T2 - Polymers AB - Composites are macroscopic combinations of chemically dissimilar materials preferred for new high-tech applications where mechanical performance is an area of interest. Mechanical apprehensions chiefly include tensile, creep, and fatigue loadings; each loading comprises different modes. Fatigue is cyclic loading correlated with stress amplitude and the number of cycles while defining the performance of a material. Composite materials are subject to various modes of fatigue loading during service life. Such loadings cause micro invisible to severe visible damage affecting the material’s performance. Mode I fatigue crack propagates via opening lamina governing a visible tear. Recently, there has been an increasing concern about finding new ways to reduce delamination failure, a life-reducing aspect of composites. This review focuses on mode I fatigue behaviours of various preforms and factors determining failures considering different reinforcements with respect to fibres and matrix failures. Numerical modelling methods for life prediction of composites while subjected to fatigue loading are reviewed. Testing techniques used to verify the fatigue performance of composite under mode I load are also given. Approaches for composites’ life enhancement against mode I fatigue loading have also been summarized, which could aid in developing a well-rounded understanding of mode I fatigue behaviours of composites and thus help engineers to design composites with higher interlaminar strength. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.3390/POLYM14214558 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/53951426/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigating the Thermo-Physiological Comfort Properties of Weft-Knitted Smart Structures Having a Negative Poisson's Ratio T2 - Advances in Materials Science and Engineering AB - Smart auxetic structures are gaining attention in various areas such as architecture, clothing (sports and protective), civil, and medical applications owing to their negative Poisson’s ratio. Compared to ordinary structures, these structures have better properties (shear resistance, formability, energy absorbance, and robust fracture strength). Auxetic structures show the exceptional property of becoming wider in one direction when stretched from another direction. In this research, three different auxetic weft-knitted structures were fabricated using nylon, polyester, acrylic, and cotton yarns on a Shima Seiki flat-knitting machine. The physical properties, negative Poisson’s ratio, and thermo-physiological comfort properties of these fabrics were checked. Negative Poisson’s ratio strain curves of the developed fabrics were plotted; all fabrics, except for nylon, show the negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR). The NPR decreases with increased strain in the longitudinal direction, and polyester exhibits a maximum value of NPR −0.4 in line structure at 30 mm extension. Results also revealed that structures made with nylon and polyester yarns exhibit a better value of air permeability than acrylic and cotton, while acrylic provides the best thermal resistance values than other materials in line structure and polyester yarn shows better overall moisture management capacity (OMMC) performance in zigzag structures. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1155/2022/1896634 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/55418584/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of surface treatment on the performance of composite-composite and composite-metal adhesive joints T2 - Polymer Composites AB - Abstract The use of Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer Composites (FRPCs) in automotive, aerospace, and naval applications has increased significantly due to the requirement for a high performance‐to‐weight ratio. One the issue in using composite parts is their joining to the metal parts in the global structure. Several joining techniques such as mechanical joining, adhesive, vibration joining, and hybrid joining are used for this purpose. Being lighter in weight and lower in cost in comparison to other techniques, adhesive bonding is mostly used for composite‐composite and composite‐metal joining. To achieve reliable adhesive joining, surface preparation of the joining substrates is of utmost importance. Though the effect of physical surface treatments on the performance of joints has been reported in the literature, however, the effect of chemical surface treatment of composites on the mechanical performance of adhesive joints was rarely studied. In this article, the effect of chemical treatment (alkaline permanganate), of the composite surfaces on the single lap shear strength and Izod impact strength of composite‐composite and composite‐metal adhesive joints is reported. The results showed that the chemically treated joints demonstrate a significant improvement in these properties. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1002/PC.26940 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/53516057/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of shear thickening fluid on mechanical properties of para-aramid fabrics T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute AB - Shear thickening fluids (STF) are the materials of future to be used in numerous high-tech applications, including protection against impact. The researchers have investigated the effect of particle size and their shape on the impact resistance of fabrics using the fixed concentration of particles for STF preparation. In addition to particle shape and size, particle concentration may be an important factor that can contribute to the yarn-to-yarn friction and ultimately enhancing their impact resistance. The objective of this study is to compare the mechanical performance of para-aramid fabric treated with non-Newtonian STF made by using three diffrent percentages of silica particles. The para-aramid fabric was impregnated with STF and needle penetration, tensile strength, and energy absorption were checked in dry and wet state. The microparticles percentage in STF has a direct relation with the mechanical performance of samples. Fabric impregnated in STF with 7% of silica microparticles has higher tensile strength puncture resistance, and impact resistance, 1.4, 3 and 1.75 times respectively as compared to the fabric sample without STF. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1080/00405000.2022.2149680 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/55342359/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - An economical and environmentally benign approach to extract banana fibres from agricultural waste for fibre reinforced composites T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute AB - Shifting from excessive use of uncontrollable synthetic materials to environmentally friendly natural materials, especially from Agricultural waste such as banana stem fibres, offers an attractive and an alternative source to solve this issue. Therefore, the extraction of fibres from the non-edible agricultural waste of the banana tree using advanced integrated technologies can assist in lessening the environmental burden, manufacturing cost, and accosting the sustainability provisions. In that context, banana fibre extraction machine and wet-laid nonwoven web setup were developed to produce homogeneous reinforcement for the fabrication of bio-composites along with the unsaturated polyester resin. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the fabricated bio-composites in terms of tensile, flexural and impact strength were assessed and compared with jute fibre reinforced composites. The mechanical properties of the banana fibre reinforced composites were inferior, but comparable to the jute fibre reinforced composites. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1080/00405000.2021.1957293 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/34010260/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Wood and Agriculture Waste Fibers AU - Shaker, K. AU - Nawab, Y. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Materials AB - The lignocellulosic fibers are obtained from leaf, fruit, seed, bast, grass, agrowaste and wood. This chapter is focused on the fibers obtained from wood and agriculture waste. The wood fibers have a vast potential for being used as reinforcement to get composites for non-structural applications. The agriculture waste fibers are either obtained from yard trimmings, husk, bagasse or bark of the plant. Traditionally majority of agrowaste is either burnt or land filled. Focus on fiber extraction from agrowaste may be regarded a step towards circularity and sustainability. All these fiber categories are discussed in this chapter. The fiber chemical composition and some specific properties are also compared for these fibers. PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_5 SP - 45-55 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127831469&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thermal properties of woven fabric as a function of its structural parameters: experimentation and modeling AU - Umair, M. AU - Javaid, M.U. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Jabbar, M. AU - Riaz, S. AU - Abid, H.A. AU - Shaker, K. T2 - Research Journal of Textile and Apparel AB - Purpose This paper aims to investigate the influence of picking sequence, weave design and weft yarn material on the thermal conductivity of the woven fabrics. Design/methodology/approach This work includes the development of 36 woven samples with two weave designs (1/1 plain and 3/1 twill), three picking sequences (single, double and three pick insertion) and six different weft yarn materials (cotton, polyester having 48 filaments, polyester with 144 filaments, spun coolmax having Lycra in core and coolmax in sheath, filament coolmax and polypropylene). The thermal conductivity was measured using ALAMBETA tester. Findings The results showed that weft yarn material, weave design and picking sequence have a meaningful impact on the thermal conductivity of woven fabric. The value of thermal conductivity was lowest for the fabrics with three pick insertion and 3/1 twill weave in all weft yarn materials. Research limitations/implications Plain woven fabric with single pick insertion is feasible for summer wear to enhance the comfort of wearer. By changing the warp yarn grouping and material, improved thermal conductivity/resistance can also be achieved. Originality/value The authors have studied the combined effect of different weft yarn materials with different picking sequences and different weave designs on thermal conductivity of the woven fabrics. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1108/RJTA-10-2021-0123 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85124462558&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Performance of Green Composites AU - Shaker, K. AU - Nawab, Y. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Materials AB - The lignocellulosic fiber reinforced composite materials exhibit comparable specific properties to those reinforced with synthetic fibers. These composites are advantageous in terms of their biodegradability, annual renewability and environmental friendliness. However, the green composites are not suitable to replace their synthetic counterparts due to some noteworthy limitations including moisture absorption, high flammability, thermal degradation, inconsistent fiber properties, etc. This chapter focusses on the mechanical properties of some green composites, reinforced with novel lignocellulosic fibers. The limitations of these composites (moisture absorption, thermal stability, flammability and biodegradation) and their potential remedies are discussed later in the chapter. PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_6 SP - 57-65 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127741900&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanical performance of flame retardant and antibacterial glass-carbon/epoxy hybrid composites for furniture applications AU - Arif, S. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Shaker, K. AU - Umair, M. T2 - Journal of Industrial Textiles AB - Generally, carbon and glass fibers based composites are used in high-tech end products, but these are not preferred in indoor, outdoor and hygienic furniture applications due to microorganisms attack and prone to fire. In the first section of the research, different percentages (5%, 10%, and 15%) of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) particles were added in epoxy resin and corresponding glass/epoxy composites were fabricated to enhance their flame retardancy (FR) and mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, Charpy impact, and short beam shear). In the second section, different percentages (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) of zinc oxide (ZnO) particles were mixed in the epoxy resin and corresponding glass/epoxy composites were fabricated to optimize their antibacterial activity and mechanical performance. 15% concentration of ZrP particles exhibited the maximum flame retardancy and mechanical performance in composites, and 1.5% concentration of ZnO particles exhibited the highest antibacterial activity along with improved mechanical performance. In the third section, two (02) pure glass and carbon, and two (02) glass-carbon/carbon-glass hybrid composites were made with optimized concentrations of both ZrP and ZnO particles. Carbon/epoxy (H2) composite showed the highest mechanical properties in comparison with glass and hybrid composites due to the presence of four layers of carbon reinforcement. These functional hybrid composite-based furniture products can be used in indoor, hygienic (hospitals, schools, and offices), and outdoor furniture applications. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1177/15280837221080185 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85126011388&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Lignocellulosic Fiber Structure AU - Shaker, K. AU - Nawab, Y. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Materials AB - The composition of lignocellulosic fibers varies greatly in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content. The proportions of these components vary with plant fiber specie. The cellulose is a linear macromolecule, and a number of cellulose chains form a microfibril. These microfibrils are arranged at certain angles in the plant cell wall and cemented by hemicellulose and lignin. This chapter discusses the classification of conventional fibers, comparison of their composition, and explains the structure of plant fibers. The chemical composition of lignocellulosic components in also briefly discussed in this chapter. Finally, the novel lignocellulosic fibers explored by researchers from secondary plants are classified, while their details are discussed in subsequent chapters. PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_2 SP - 11-19 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127830927&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact Performance of Three-dimensional Woven Composites with Novel Binding Yarn Patterns AU - Umair, M. AU - Hussain, M. AU - Shaker, K. AU - Nawab, Y. T2 - Journal of Natural Fibers AB - This research offered an experimental examination of the effect of binder yarns, and 3D woven patterns on impact (Charpy and drop weight impact), and compression after impact (CAI) performance of seven (07) different kinds of 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites. Along with four (04) typical classifications of 3D woven reinforcements i.e., OLL, OTT, ALL, ATT, and three (03) novel (hybrid) 3D reinforcements i.e., H1 (OTT and ATT interlocking pattern), H2 (OTT and ALL interlocking pattern), H3 (OLL warp and weft interlocks “bidirectional”) were also developed on dobby weaving machine. OTT composite displayed the highest amount of impact strength during Charpy impact in both in-plane directions i.e., warp and weft in comparison with others due to the existence of the truly vertical binder yarns which is comparable with H1. While ALL sample exhibited the highest value of maximum load, work done, and energy absorbed during the 3 J and 6 J drop weight impact energies which is nearest comparable with hybrid 3 (H3) composite. H3 composite sample revealed the highest value of compression after impact (CAI) stress and modulus in both energy levels due to the presence of both warp and weft binder yarns in a single 3D structure. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1080/15440478.2022.2064399 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85129338950&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Green Composite Solutions AU - Shaker, K. AU - Nawab, Y. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Materials AB - The environmental concerns have forced the material scientists to develop environment friendly materials for various applications. The term “green” is used to describe the materials that are renewable and biodegradable. This chapter covers the different aspects of green composites, including their need, advantages, limitations, research trends, different solutions available and applications. The constituents: fibers and matrix preferred for green composite are discussed briefly. Fabrication techniques commonly used for these composites and their degradation behavior is also explained. The key challenges and applications of these composites are summarized at the end. PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_1 SP - 1-9 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127796429&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Fruit, Seed and Leaf Fibers AU - Shaker, K. AU - Nawab, Y. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Materials AB - The lignocellulosic fibers are obtained from leaf, fruit, seed, bast, grass, agrowaste and wood. The fibers extracted from leaf, seed and fruit have been discussed in this chapter. Some of the fibers included here are those extracted from Kapok, Brazil nut, Coconut, Borassus fruit, Tamarind fruit, Empty fruit bunch, Agave, New Zealand Flax, Pineapple, Piassava, Palm, etc. The origin, fiber extraction techniques, subsequent processes, cellulose content and some properties of these fibers are detailed in subsequent sections. Majority of these fibers cannot be spun into yarns to produce textiles; however these fibers have been explored by researchers as reinforcement material with different matrix systems. Some details of developed composites are also included in this chapter. PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_3 SP - 21-32 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127737028&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of weaving patterns on damage resistance of 3D woven jointless T and H shaped reinforcements AU - Umair, M. AU - Shaker, K. AU - Javaid, M.U. AU - Hussain, M. AU - Kashif, M. AU - Nawab, Y. T2 - Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures AB - Owing to the presence of yarns in three dimensions, 3D woven structures have better through thickness mechanical properties and find applications in aerospace, sports, construction, and automotive industries. Joining in thermoset composite is a complex subject and joints are the weakest part of a composite structure due to the discontinuity of fibers. One of the solutions to such problems is development of 3D woven jointless shaped fabrics. The current work aimed to investigate damage resistance of jointless 3D woven T and H shaped fabrics developed using four basic weaving patterns. These structures include orthogonal layer to layer (OLL), orthogonal through-thickness (OTT), angle interlock layer to layer (ALL) and angle interlock through-thickness (ATT). Four layered samples, having equal thread density, were prepared on Dobby loom using jute yarn. Testing was done on ZwickRoell UTM. The maximum force to rupture was exhibited by shaped fabric woven with OLL design followed by ATT, OTT, and ALL. The poor performance of ALL was due to the pulling out of stitching yarns rather than breakage. The least deformation against applied force was exhibited by the structure with OTT design, due to the presence of two truly vertical orthogonal binding/interlocking yarns. Furthermore, the OLL woven shapes showed the highest value of work done during fracture depicting its toughness as compared to the other multilayer shapes. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1080/15376494.2020.1751356 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 104-117 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85083635159&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of various dielectric and magnetic nanofillers on microwave absorption properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites structures AU - Ahmad, H.S. AU - Hussain, T. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Salamat, S. T2 - Ceramics International AB - Carbon fiber reinforced unidirectional composite (CFRC) structures were developed by impregnating various dielectric and magnetic nanofillers at a 2% loading concentration of the weight of the matrix. Microwave absorption properties were studied in a broad frequency range of 0.1–13.6 GHz covering the L, S, C, and X frequency ranges. The variation of radar absorption properties with frequency were studied in detail. The effect of dielectric and magnetic materials on microwave absorption properties was also investigated. The results shows that the microwave absorption properties increases with increasing the measuring frequency and maximum absorption was at X frequency range (8.2–12.4 GHz). The Dielectric nanoparticles showed better absorption properties compared with magnetic nanoparticles. Among dielectric nanoparticles, silicon carbide showed maximum reflection loss properties of −15.32 dB with an absorptance value of 97.06%. Among magnetic nanoparticles, ferric oxide showed a maximum reflection loss of −9.14 dB with an absorptance value of 87.81%. The addition of nanoparticles significantly improved the complex permittivity, permeability, and loss tangent properties. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.03.263 VL - 48 IS - 14 SP - 19882-19890 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127304233&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of poly ether ether ketone particles on v-notched shear and drop weight impact behavior of carbon/epoxy composite AU - Rehman, M.M. AU - Shaker, K. AU - Nawab, Y. T2 - Polymer Composites AB - Abstract Due to the intrinsic brittleness, low velocity impact (LVI) causes internal invisible damages that drastically degrade the structural qualities of carbon/epoxy composites. The addition of pre‐formed immiscible thermoplastic filler in thermoset matrix offers various advantages over miscible phase separated thermoplastic filler. In this work, poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) micro particles were used to improve the toughness of the carbon/epoxy composite. Mechanical stirring was used to disperse the particles. Composite was fabricated using hand lay‐up process followed by compression molding. The effect of PEEK particles was assessed using in‐plane v‐notched rail shear characteristics, drop weight impact, and compression after impact strength. The addition of PEEK particles significantly improved the in‐plane shear strength and damage tolerance of the carbon/epoxy composite, according to the results. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1002/pc.26612 VL - 43 IS - 5 SP - 3219-3227 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127523008&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Damage-Tolerant Woven Glass Fiber Composites Developed Using Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) Unsaturated Polyester (UP) Blends T2 - Advances in Materials Science and Engineering AB - The thermoset matrix is brittle and shows low damage characteristics, and their impact and damage performance can be improved significantly by blending with the thermoplastic matrix. In this way, the properties of both the matrices can be gathered in one composite. This study is focused on the development and optimization of novel blends of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin with polyvinyl butyral (PVB), a thermoplastic polymer, to improve the mechanical properties, especially delamination and impact behavior of associated glass fiber composites. The five blends of UP and PVB were prepared in different concentrations by the solution mixing method. Composite samples of woven glass fabric were fabricated using prepared blends and pure resins as matrices on compression molding. Tensile, flexural, T-peel tests, and the instrumented Charpy impact tests were conducted on the developed samples. A significant improvement in the impact energy absorption (102%) and delamination resistance (110%) was observed for a blend ratio of 40 : 60 and 50 : 50 of PVB : UP, respectively, as compared to pure UP composite samples. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1155/2022/9077788 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/53527913/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Review of the Fabrication Methods, Testing, and Performance of Face Masks T2 - International Journal of Polymer Science AB - Improvement in the performance and compatibility of face masks has remained the focus of researchers in recent years, especially after the emergence of the COVID pandemic. Although a lot of progress in the design, tolerability, and comfort of the mask has been reported, there are certain limitations, requiring further improvement. The present review aims to highlight the filtration efficacy, comfort, and associated characteristic of various types of face masks and respirators as a function of their design and structure. In addition, the air pollutants, their adverse effects on health, certified respirators, and face masks are also discussed. The present review also provides an insight into different types of commercially available face masks in terms of their materials, filtration efficiency, and limitations. The role of emerging trends (such as nanotechnology and high-performance polymers) in the improvement and development of face masks and respirators is also discussed. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1155/2022/2161869 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54405763/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Braid Angle and Material Modulus on the Negative Poisson’s Ratio of Braided Auxetic Yarns AU - Shah, Arif A. AU - Shahid, Muhammad AU - Hardy, John George AU - Siddiqui, Naveed A. AU - Kennedy, Andrew R. AU - Gul, Iftikhar H. AU - Rehman, Shafi Ur AU - YNawab T2 - Crystals AB - Fibers and textiles are ubiquitous in our daily lives, with mechanical properties that match the design specifications for the task for which they are intended; the development of yarns with a negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) is a hot topic of current research, owing to their potential for use in high-performance textiles (e.g., military, sports, etc.). This study described a simple approach to constructing braided, helically interlaced yarns. When a torque is applied, the yarns prevent the wrapped component from dislodging from the core. The geometry and auxetic behavior of the braided helical structure was analyzed for two different combinations of core materials with similar wrap materials and different braiding angles. Two elastomeric materials (polyurethane (PU) and polyester) served as monofilament cores, while two stiffer multifilament wrap yarns (ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) served as wrap yarns. In addition, the behavior of yarns braided at seven different angles was investigated to determine the materials’ response to the applied braided configuration’s NPR. The NPR was influenced by the core and wrap materials used and the braiding angle. The NPR value was greater for a core comprising more excellent elasticity (e.g., PU versus polyester); a smaller wrap angle and a slower braiding speed also led to a higher NPR value. The maximum NPR value of −1.70 was obtained using a PU core wrapped at a 9° angle and a strain value of 0.5. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.3390/cryst12060781 VL - 12 IS - 6 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85131257340&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of picking sequence on thermo-physiological comfort of bilayer woven fabrics AU - Nazir, M.U. AU - Javaid, M.U. AU - Shaker, K. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Hussain, T. AU - Umair, M. T2 - Research Journal of Textile and Apparel AB - Purpose This paper aims to develop bilayer woven fabrics with different picking sequences with enhanced comfort without any change in the constituent materials. Design/methodology/approach Six bilayer woven fabrics were produced on Dobby loom with 3/1 twill weave using micro-polyester yarn. Three different picking sequences, i.e. single pick insertion (SPI), double pick insertion (DPI) and three pick insertion (3PI), were used in both face and back layers. The effect of picking sequence on air permeability (AP), volume porosity, thermal resistance and overall moisture management capability (OMMC) of the samples were analyzed. Findings The results showed that 3PI–3PI picking sequence gives the highest OMMC, AP and thermal resistance in bilayer woven fabrics and the least results exhibited by SPI–SPI picking sequence. Research limitations/implications This research uses a bilayer woven system that develops channels and trapes the air causing higher thermal resistance; therefore, applicable for winter sports clothing rather than for summer wear. Developed bilayer woven fabrics can be used in winter sportswear to improve the comfort of the wearer and reduce fatigue during activity. Originality/value Authors have developed bilayer fabrics by changing the picking sequences, i.e. SPI, DPI and 3PI of weft yarns in both layers and compared their thermo-physiological comfort properties. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1108/RJTA-10-2021-0120 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85124819080&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of matrix and hybrid reinforcement on fibre metal laminates under low–velocity impact loading AU - Hussain, M. AU - Imad, A. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Saouab, A. AU - Herbelot, C. AU - Kanit, T. T2 - Composite Structures AB - This study aims to investigate the effect of matrix and hybrid reinforcement on Low–Velocity Impact LVI behaviour of Fibre Metal Laminates FMLs. The matrix was epoxy and Poly–Vinyl Butyral PVB, while the reinforcement was produced by sandwiching 3D–woven jute core with plain–woven skin. The plain–woven fabric was made with jute, aramid and carbon fibres. A drop weight impact test was performed for the evaluation of LVI performance. The behaviour of different FMLs was determined by comparing the pattern of curves, cross–section of damaged samples, x–ray computed tomography and crack progression phenomenon. The epoxy–based FMLs showed poor LVI response and suffered perforation due to its brittleness. The PVB–based FMLs showed higher impact resistance due to high toughness and plasticity, and had a higher impact force, lower damage, and more residual deflection. Even PVB based 100% jute reinforced FMLs performed well than hybrid reinforced FMLs made with epoxy. The tomography analysis showed that the PVB had better characteristics to be used with hybrid reinforcement due to high toughness. Among the hybrid reinforcements, the aramid/3D–jute reinforcement offered high resistance to deformation as compared to carbon/3D jute reinforcement. The FMLs made with PVB and aramid/3D–jute reinforcement showed overall superior LVI performance. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115371 VL - 288 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85125223072&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of dielectric and magnetic nanofillers on electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of carbon/epoxy composites AU - Ahmad, H.S. AU - Hussain, T. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Salamat, S. T2 - Journal of Composite Materials AB - Tremendous development in electronic devices and their indiscriminate use has created a severe problem of electromagnetic pollution. Different types of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials and structures are used to protect electronic devices from the harmful effect of electromagnetic pollution. A present study was conducted to compare the effect of dielectric and magnetic nanofillers on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of carbon fiber reinforced composite structures (CFRC). Composites structures were developed using different dielectric and magnetic nanofillers. Effect of nanofillers on microwave absorption properties and reduction in electromagnetic pollution was investigated. Relationship between electrical conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness in L, S, C, and X-frequency range was also studied. Among the dielectric nanofillers, silicon carbide showed excellent EMI SE in X-frequency range, while among magnetic nanofillers, zinc oxide showed excellent EMI shielding characteristics in a broad frequency range of 100 MHz to 13.6 GHz. Among magnetic nanofillers, CFRC with zinc oxide nanofillers showed the lowest skin depth value of 3.32 × 10 −4 mm and among dielectric nanofiller, CFRC with silicon carbide nanofillers gave the lowest skin depth value of 6.49 × 10 −4 mm, implying their excellent potential in EMI shielding applications. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1177/00219983211052615 VL - 56 IS - 1 SP - 69-82 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85118581060&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of PEEK Particles on Physiomechanical Behavior of Carbon/Epoxy Composite AU - Rehman, M.M. AU - Shaker, K. AU - Nawab, Y. T2 - International Journal of Polymer Science AB - The inherently brittle nature and the susceptibility to impact damage hinder the use of carbon/epoxy composite in some areas. In this study, poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) microparticles were incorporated to increase the resistance to delamination and interlaminar fracture toughness. A hand lay-up technique followed by compression molding was used to fabricate composite. The influence of PEEK particles was evaluated by tensile, flexural, short beam shear (SBS), compression, and Charpy impact test. The Barcol hardness, density, fiber volume fraction, and void content were also determined. According to the result, a maximum improvement in the tensile and flexural strength was observed for 2% incorporation of PEEK particles. However, there is downturn found in the flexural modulus. Moreover, a notable increment in the matrix-dominated properties (short beam shear, compression, and Charpy impact strength) was found with the addition of the PEEK particles. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1155/2022/8161684 VL - 2022 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85126339626&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of Geometric Arrangement on Mechanical Properties of 2D Woven Auxetic Fabrics AU - Shah, Arif Ali AU - Shahid, Muhammad AU - Siddiqui, Naveed Ahmad AU - YNawab AU - Iqbal, Mazhar T2 - Textiles AB - Textiles-fibres, yarns and fabrics are omnipresent in our daily lives, with unique mechanical properties that fit the design specifications for the tasks for which they are designed. The development of yarns and fabrics with negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) is an area of current research interest due to their potential for use in high performance textiles (e.g., military, sports, etc.). The unique braiding technology of interlacement for preparation of braided helically wrapped yarns with NPR effect with later development of auxetic woven fabric made it possible to avoid the slippage of the wrapped component from the core. The applied geometrical configuration and NPR behaviour of the braided helical yarn structure with seven different angles comprising of monofilament elastomeric polyurethane (PU) core with two wrap materials that include multifilament ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres were investigated and analysed. The mechanically stable 2D woven textile auxetic fabrics (AF) with various weave patterns such as 2/2 matt and 3/1 twill were developed from the auxetic yarn with PU elastomer core having maximum NPR effect of −1.70 using lower wrapped angle of 9° to study and compare their mechanical responses. The auxetic yarn was used in weft direction and multifilament UHMWPE yarn in warp direction, using semi-automatic loom. Auxeticity of AF was analysed and its various mechanical properties such tensile strength, impact energy absorption, in-plane, and out-of-plane auxeticity, and puncture resistance were studied. Higher energy absorption of 84 Nm for matt fabric was seen compared to twill fabric having an energy of 65 Nm. The puncture resistance capability of matt fabric was better than twill fabric. While twill fabric exhibited better auxetic effect in both in-plane and out-of-plane mode compared to matt fabric. In short, both the twill and matt design AF’s showed unique characteristics which are beneficial in making various protective textiles such as protective helmets, bullet proof shields, cut resistance gloves, blast resistant curtains, and puncture tolerant elastomeric composites. DA - 2022/11// PY - 2022/11// DO - 10.3390/textiles2040035 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7248/2/4/35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of Different Dielectric and Magnetic Nanoparticles on the Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites AU - Ahmad, H.S. AU - Hussain, T. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Salamat, S. T2 - International Journal of Polymer Science AB - Carbon fiber-reinforced particulate composites are immensely used in commercial and military applications due to their excellent functional and mechanical performance. Several studies have been reported to use nanofiller in carbon fiber-reinforced composites to improve their functional and mechanical performance. However, a comparative study was required to depict the best dielectric and magnetic nanofillers with excellent functional and mechanical performance. The current research was performed to compare the effect of different dielectric and magnetic nanoparticles on the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of carbon fiber-reinforced composites. The objective was to identify a nanofiller with excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties with the same weight ratio and a potential candidate for EMI shielding application. Unidirectional composite prepregs containing 2% (by weight) of each magnetic and dielectric nanofillers were fabricated on an in-house developed lab-scale UD prepreg manufacturing setup. Among the dielectric nanofillers, the composite samples containing MWCNT nanofiller showed the highest electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The composite samples containing titanium oxide nanofillers showed better flexural, electrical, and thermal properties among magnetic nanofillers. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1155/2022/5952450 VL - 2022 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85131440880&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Double face fabrics: a tailorable solution for puncture resistant applications AU - Hameed, M.N. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Zubair, M. AU - Umair, M. AU - Ahmad, Z. AU - Shaker, K. T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute AB - The puncture resistant fabrics find use in most of industrial and normal life applications. Traditionally, it is believed that the fabrics woven in plain weave and higher GSM are best solution for the puncture resistant applications. This study presents an innovative fabric solution for puncture resistant applications by varying/combining the fabric architecture. The fabric structural parameters (weave design and cover factor) were varied and the puncture resistance of resulting fabrics was investigated. Double face fabrics were developed, and their puncture resistance was compared with conventional woven fabrics (Plain, Matt and Satin). The outcome of this study showed that the 2/2 matt weave performs well against the puncture force, followed by the double face fabrics. The effect of cover factor was found to be significant in case of some weaves and not prominent in case of other weaves. Hence, it was concluded that while designing the fabric for puncture resistance, all the parameter including material, cover factor, and weave design need to be considered carefully. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1080/00405000.2021.1918882 VL - 113 IS - 6 SP - 1197-1205 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85105132313&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of functional (flame-retardant and anti-bacterial) and hybrid (carbon-glass/epoxy) composites with improved low velocity impact response AU - Hussain, M. AU - Arif, S. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Shaker, K. AU - Umair, M. T2 - Polymer Composites AB - Abstract High‐performance synthetic fiber reinforced composites are utilized in high‐tech applications due to their higher mechanical properties. However, in previous work, these composites were not used in outdoor (parks, picnic) and hygienic (hospitals, schools, offices) furniture applications due to fire hazards and bacterial attack. In this work, functional (flame retardant and anti‐bacterial) composites were fabricated along with improved low velocity impact (LVI) response. In the first part of the work, glass/epoxy composites were loaded with the different zirconium phosphate (ZrP) particles percentages (5%, 10%, and 15%) to optimize their flame retardancy and LVI properties. In the second part, glass/epoxy composites were loaded with different zinc oxide (ZnO) particles percentages (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) to optimize their anti‐bacterial and LVI properties. ZrP with 15% concentration showed the highest value of flame retardancy, and energy absorption (31.70 J) and maximum impact force (1377 N) during drop weight impact test. Also, ZnO with 1.5% concentration showed the best anti‐bacterial activity along with improved LVI response (29.70 J absorbed absorbed). In the third part, these optimized percentages of ZrP (15%) and ZnO (1.5%) were used for the development of the hybrid carbon‐glass epoxy composites. Overall, hybrid H3 (GCCG) and H4 (CGGC) showed the optimized and comparable flame retardancy, anti‐bacterial and LVI (29.70 J {H3} and 29.20 J {H4} absorbed absorbed) response. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1002/pc.26418 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 889-905 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85119663061&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Viral Nonwoven Surgical Masks for Medical Applications,Razvoj protibakterijskih in protivirusnih netkanih kirurških mask za medicinske namene AU - Ahrari, M. AU - Karahan, M. AU - Hussain, M. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Khan, A. AU - Shirazi, A.A. T2 - Tekstilec AB - This article aims to investigate the development of surgical masks for medical applications by incorporating biocidal silver nanoparticles. Medical masks were developed in three layers of a nonwoven fabric, where the outer and inner layers were made of a spun-bond polypropylene nonwoven fabric and the middle layer consisted of a melt-blown nonwoven polypropylene fabric. In this study, silver nanoparticles in the concentrations of 1–5% were applied to masks with the pad-dry-cure method. The samples were cured at room temperature and subsequently examined for antimicrobial properties. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphological characteristics and chemical composition of the samples. Microbial cleanliness, bacterial filtration efficiency, antiviral effect and breathability tests were performed according to standard test protocols. The results revealed that the application of silver nanoparticles to a three-layer mask rendered the end product with outstanding antimicrobial and antiviral properties with poor breathability (air permeability) results. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.14502/tekstilec.65.2022020 VL - 65 IS - 2 SP - 135-146 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85132883222&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development and characterization of impact resistant fabric with better comfort for motorbike riders AU - Jamal, H. AU - Ahmad, F. AU - Azam, F. AU - Umair, M. AU - Ahmad, S. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Rasheed, A. AU - Ullah, T. T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute AB - Motorbikes are used for leisure and professional purpose. The abundant use of motorbikes gives rise to a high number of accidents resulting in serious injuries. The development of protective fabric for motorbike riders is the need of the day. This study aimed to develop an impact resistance comfortable fabric for motorbike riders. The high-performance fibers in different ratios were used to develop high-performance yarns, then used to manufacture the impact-resistant fabric. Five different blends of ring-spun yarns with linear densities of 30/2 Tex and 25/2 Tex were produced by using Kevlar, polyester, nylon, elastane, and cotton fibers. Z twill weave fabric was made on a rapier loom from these yarns. Moreover, the warp yarn was vat-dyed before preparing the fabric from it. The impact cut resistance and abrasion resistance of fabrics were tested. The results showed that the fabric developed from a yarn count of 25/2 Tex with 19% Kevlar, 17% polyester, 9% Nylon, 47% cotton, and 8% elastane fibers has excellent abrasion and cut resistance with the highest tear and tensile strength among all other fabric samples. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1080/00405000.2022.2093080 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85132974127&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development and characterization of chemical and fire resistant jute/unsaturated polyester composites AU - Uz Zaman, S. AU - Shahid, S. AU - Shaker, K. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Ahmad, S. AU - Umair, M. AU - Khaliq, Z. AU - Azam, F. T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute AB - Chemical and flame resistance of natural fiber-reinforced composites is a point of concern for industry and researchers, especially for applications involving chemicals and high temperatures. The present work focuses on studying the effect of jute fiber treatment, the addition of ZnO nanoparticles to resin, and use of chemical-resistant resin on the chemical resistance (alkali and acid), fire retardancy and mechanical properties of jute/unsaturated polyester composites. Scouring, mercerization, and hybrid fluorocarbon (HFC) treatments of woven jute fabrics were observed. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were dispersed in normal (Nrml) and chemical resistant (CR) unsaturated polyester resins using a sonicator. Then four layered cross ply symmetric composites were made by hand layup. Chemical resistance, fire retardancy, tensile, flexural, and impact properties were tested using standard test methods. Fiber treatments, chemical resistant resin, and ZnO were found to have a significant effect on the tested parameters. Acids and base solutions, with higher concentrations, caused more damages to the samples, ranging from 1.2% to 7% weight loss. This weight loss was reduced to 0.25% with ZnO treatments. This treatment also enhanced the tensile strength up to 23 MPa. Similarly, HFC treatment increased flexural strength 46 MPa to 54 MPa. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1080/00405000.2021.1889131 VL - 113 IS - 3 SP - 484-493 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85100987634&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Bast and Grass Fibers AU - Shaker, K. AU - Nawab, Y. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Materials AB - The lignocellulosic fibers are obtained from leaf, fruit, seed, bast, grass, agrowaste and wood. The novel lignocellulosic fibers of grass and bast origin have been discussed in this chapter. Some of the typical bast and grass fibers included here are those obtained from Isora, Banana, Vakka, Date Palm, Thespesia Lampas, Okra, Bamboo, Bagasse, etc. Most of these plants are not cultivated for fibers, but for food or other products. Fiber extraction is a secondary advantage of these fibers, so they do not disturb the food chain. The origin, extraction techniques, subsequent processes, composition analysis and properties of these fibers are detailed in subsequent sections. PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_4 SP - 33-44 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127734192&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - A review of joining techniques for thermoplastic composite materials AU - Siddique, A. AU - Iqbal, Z. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Shaker, K. T2 - Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials AB - Composite materials have found widespread applications in the automotive, aerospace, and building industries. Several components are joined together for these applications, by some temporary or permanent bonding approach. The increased use of different materials and their combinations such as composites makes the whole joining process something to be thoroughly considered before continuing. Several aspects need to be studied before spending significant time and financial resources. Considering these challenges in this paper we have provided a review of the investigations that have been made on fiber-reinforced composite joints. The level of development in various types of joints and joining techniques such as mechanical bonding, adhesive bonding, and fusion bonding along with their advantages and disadvantages is given. Several parameters affecting the performance of composite joints such as joint configuration, material selection and properties, geometric parameters, dominating failure modes, and environmental factors are described briefly. To verify the performance of composite joints, guidance on joint testing is given (both destructive and non-destructive). DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1177/08927057221096662 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85131861278&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid, Polylactic Acid Blends and Their Composites for Advanced Applications AU - Ilyas, R.A. AU - Yusoff, Mohd Zuhri Mohamed AU - Alias, Aisyah Humaira AU - Rizal, Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad AU - Hassan, S. A. AU - Zainudin, Edi Syams AU - Sapuan, S. M. AU - SHARMA, SHUBHAM AU - Bangar, Sneh AU - Jumaidin, Ridhwan AU - YNawab AU - Faudzi, A. A. M. AU - Abral, H. AU - Asrofi, M. AU - Syafri, Edi AU - Sari, N. H. T2 - Polymers AB - Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from lactic acid that has been chiefly utilized in biodegradable material and as a composite matrix material. PLA is a prominent biomaterial that is widely used to replace traditional petrochemical-based polymers in various applications owing environmental concerns. Green composites have gained greater attention as ecological consciousness has grown since they have the potential to be more appealing than conventional petroleum-based composites, which are toxic and nonbiodegradable. PLA-based composites with natural fiber have been extensively utilized in a variety of applications, from packaging to medicine, due to their biodegradable, recyclable, high mechanical strength, low toxicity, good barrier properties, friendly processing, and excellent characteristics. A summary of natural fibers, green composites, and PLA, along with their respective properties, classification, functionality, and different processing methods, are discussed to discover the natural fiber-reinforced PLA composite material development for a wide range of applications. This work also emphasizes the research and properties of PLA-based green composites, PLA blend composites, and PLA hybrid composites over the past few years. PLA's potential as a strong material in engineering applications areas is addressed. This review also covers issues, challenges, opportunities, and perspectives in developing and characterizing PLA-based green composites. DA - 2022/1// PY - 2022/1// DO - 10.3390/polym14010202 VL - 14 IS - 1 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/1/202 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of Hybridization Approach on Mechanical Performance of Jute-hemp/epoxy Hybrid Composite Laminates AU - Ahmad, A. AU - Moeed, A. AU - Tariq, A. AU - Nawab, Y. AU - Farooq, M.U. AU - Umair, M. T2 - Journal of Natural Fibers AB - In this study, four-layered hybrid jute-hemp/epoxy composite laminates were fabricated by increasing and decreasing the number of layers of both jute and hemp reinforcements during stacking. Two jute(J) and hemp(H) controlled i.e., A(0J4H) and E(4J0H) and three jute(J)-hemp(H) hybrid i.e., B(1J3H), C(2J2H) and D(3J1H), composite laminates were fabricated. Composites were fabricated by hand layup followed by compression molding technique, and different mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, Charpy and drop weight impact) were performed. Results showed that hemp/epoxy laminate A(0J4H) revealed the highest tensile, flexural, Charpy and drop weight impact testing results followed by three hybrid composite laminates i.e., B(1J3H), C(2J2H) and D(3J1H), respectively. In hybrid composites, trend of mechanical properties was increased with the increase in number of plies of hemp reinforcements. The least mechanical testing results were presented by the E(4J0H) laminate because it was comprised of only four plies of jute reinforcement. Drop weight impact tested samples revealed that hybrid laminates C(2J2H) showed the least damage area in comparison with others due to the presence of equal number of jute and hemp plies. Also, within the same time duration, the highest force value was achieved along with less displacement by A(0J4H) laminate during drop weight impact test. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1080/15440478.2022.2064398 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/52392184/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Breathability performance of antiviral cloth masks treated with silver nanoparticles for protection against COVID-19 AU - Hamouda, Tamer AU - Kafafy, Hany AU - Mashaly, HM AU - Aly, Nermin M T2 - Journal of Industrial Textiles AB - The global widespread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused shortage of medical face masks and led to developing of various types of cloth masks with different levels of protection and comfort to meet the market demands. Breathing comfort is a significant aspect that should be considered during the design of cloth masks along with the filtration efficiency; otherwise, the wearer will feel suffocated. In this work, different types of cotton and polyester knitted fabrics blended with spandex yarns were produced and treated with silver nanoparticles to be used as antiviral cloth masks. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and EDX were used to characterize the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Antiviral activity was assessed against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus as well. The influence of using different fabric materials, number of layers, and hybrid layers on their air permeability and breathability were investigated to evaluate the comfortability of the cloth masks. Physiological impacts of wearing the cloth masks were evaluated by measuring oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and heart rate of the wearers while doing various activities. The results indicated that AgNPs have low cytotoxicity and considerable efficiency in inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Adding spandex yarns with different count and ratios reduced the porosity and air permeability of the fabrics. Moreover, the combination of three hybrid layers’ mask made of polyester fabric in the outer layer with 100% cotton fabric in the inner layer showed high comfortability associated with high air permeability and breathability. Also, wearing these masks while doing activities showed no significant effect on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate of the wearers. DA - 2022/4// PY - 2022/4// DO - 10.1177/15280837211051100 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837211051100 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Automatic defect detection for fabric printing using a deep convolutional neural network AU - Chakraborty, Samit AU - Moore, Marguerite AU - Parrillo-Chapman, Lisa T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FASHION DESIGN TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION AB - Defect detection is a crucial step in textile and apparel quality control. An efficient defect detection system can ensure the overall quality of the processes and products that are acceptable to consumers. Existing techniques for real-time defect detection tend to vary according to unique manufacturing processes, focal defects and computational algorithms. Although the need is high, research related to automatic printed fabric defect detection processes is not prevalent in academic literatures. This research proposes a novel methodology that demonstrates the application of convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify printing defects based on the fabric images collected from industries. The research also integrated visual geometric group (VGG), DenseNet, Inception and Xception deep learning networks to compare model performance. The results exhibit that the VGG-based models perform better compared to a simple CNN model, suggesting promise for automatic defect detection (ADD) of printed fabrics that can improve profitability in fashion supply chains. DA - 2022/// PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1080/17543266.2021.1925355 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 142-157 SN - 1754-3274 KW - Automatic defect detection KW - printed fabric KW - image classification KW - convolutional neural network KW - model performance ER - TY - CONF TI - Comparison of Digital Printed Fabrics’ Colorimetric Attributes Based on Pretreatment Methods AU - Chakraborty, Samit AU - Saha, Kowshik AU - Parillo-Chapman, Lisa AB -
The thicknesses of the screen meshes were of 125.7 microns and 230.48 microns respectively. The chemicals used in this research were sodium alginate, soda ash and urea. The printed colors were measured with a X-rite i1-pro reflectance spectrophotometer (illuminant D65 and 10 degree observer function) for the colorimetric measurements (L*, a* and b* values). The results showed that fabric samples pretreated with padding mangle produced better results (i.e., L*, a* and b* values) compared to fabric samples pretreated with screens.