TY - CONF TI - Replacement of soybean meal with canola meal at two dietary energy densities on layer production performance and egg quality AU - Dehghani, Z. AU - Oryschak, M.A. AU - Beltranena, E. T2 - Prairie Poultry Meeting C2 - 2015/// C3 - Prairie Poultry Meeting CY - University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/5/28/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of feeding fermented wheat grain with Lactobacillus reuteri on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and intestinal fermentation in weaned pigs AU - Le, M.H. AU - Yang, A.Y. AU - Galle, S. AU - Landero, J.L. AU - Beltranena, E. AU - Gänzle, M. AU - Zijlstra, R.T. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement S3 SP - 872–873 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of feeding wheat- or barley-based diets with high- or low- nutrient density on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs AU - Zhou, X. AU - Young, M.G. AU - Swift, M.L. AU - Beltranena, E. AU - Zijlstra, R.T. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement S3 SP - 592 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of feeding increasing inclusion of canola press-cake on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs AU - Zhou, X. AU - Beltranena, E. AU - Zijlstra, R.T. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - E-Supplement 2 SP - 574 ER - TY - CONF TI - High feed inclusion levels of canola meal and cake on egg layer production performance and egg quality AU - Dehghani, Z. AU - Oryschak, M.A. AU - Beltranena, E. T2 - Prairie Poultry Meeting C2 - 2015/// C3 - Prairie Poultry Meeting CY - University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/5/29/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed sugar beet pulp AU - Wang, L.F. AU - Beltranena, E. AU - Zijlstra, R.T. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - E-Supplement 2 SP - 138 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of spectroscopy to predict nutrient digestibility in pigs and to identify in vitro digestion limits AU - Wang, L.F. AU - Swift, M.L. AU - Beltranena, E. AU - Zijlstra, R.T. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - E-Supplement 2 SP - 139 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feeding wheat millrun to starter pigs AU - Garcia, H. AU - Wang, L.F. AU - Landero, J.L. AU - Beltranena, E. AU - Cervantes, M. AU - Morales, A. AU - Zijlstra, R.T. T2 - Western Hog Journal DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 66-69 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feeding hogs low energy diets AU - Smit, M.N. AU - Zamora, V. AU - Young, M.G. AU - Beltranena, E. T2 - Western Hog Journal DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 36 IS - 5 SP - 51-54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feed cost and net income: Impact of low energy diets on the bottom line AU - Beltranena, E. T2 - Western Hog Journal DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 47-48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nutritive value of cold-pressed camelina cake and nutrient utilization of broiler chickens fed cold-pressed camelina cake-containing diets supplemented with multi-carbohydrase AU - Woyengo, T.A. AU - Patterson, R. AU - Zijlstra, R.T. T2 - Poultry Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 94 IS - E-Supplement 1 SP - 94 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Apparent and true ileal and total tract digestibility of fat in diets including canola press-cake or canola oil and endogenous fat loss in growing pigs AU - Zhou, X. AU - Beltranena, E. AU - Zijlstra, R.T. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement S3 SP - 592 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Empiric narrowing of the net energy value of reduced-oil corn distillers’ dried grain with solubles for growing-finishing pigs AU - Smit, M. N. AU - Zamora, V. AU - Young, M. G. AU - Campbell, N. G. AU - Uttaro, B. AU - Beltranena, E. T2 - Canadian Journal of Animal Science AB - Smit, M. N., Zamora, V., Young, M. G., Campbell, N., Uttaro, B. and Beltranena, E. 2015. Empiric narrowing of the net energy value of reduced-oil corn distillers’ dried grain with solubles for growing-finishing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 225–241. This study attempted to empirically narrow down the net energy (NE) value of reduced-oil corn distillers’ dried grains and solubles (RO-cDDGS) by evaluating the response in pig growth performance, live backfat and loin depth, carcass traits, and primal pork cuts tissue composition to feeding diets formulated increasing the assumed NE value of RO-cDDGS, expecting a brisk change in slope of the response at the point at which the NE value of RO-cDDGS would be identified. In total, 1056 cross-bred pigs (31.7 kg) housed in 48 pens by gender were fed dietary regimens including 30% RO-cDDGS (6.7% ether extract) with assumed NE values of 1.7, 1.85, 2.0, 2.15, 2.3, or 2.45 Mcal kg −1 over five growth periods (Grower 1: days 0–21, Grower 2: days 22–42, Grower 3: days 43–63, Finisher 1: days 64–76, Finisher 2: day 77 to market weight). Pig body weights were measured and feed disappearance (ADFI) was calculated by pen on days 0, 21, 42, 63, 76 and weekly thereafter until target slaughter weight (120 kg). For the entire trial (days 0–76), increasing the assumed NE value of RO-cDDGS linearly increased (P<0.01) ADFI and total lysine intake, did not affect NE intake and daily weight gain (ADG), quadratically decreased (P<0.05) feed efficiency, linearly decreased (P<0.05) live backfat depth and backfat:loin depth ratio, and did not affect carcass characteristics or pork primal cut tissue composition. Segmented regression only identified a change in slope for carcass ADG and lean ADG at 1.85 Mcal kg −1 . These results indicate that the experimental approach taken was not reliable in narrowing down the NE value of RO-cDDGS because the decrease in dietary NE was too small (0.03 Mcal kg −1 d), which limited the change in dietary Lys:NE ratio with increasing assumed NE value of RO-cDDGS. The approach resulted in progressive, but small changes in slope rather than a clearly identifiable point where one could conclude that the incremental dietary energy contribution from RO-cDDGS changed the response in a given variable. DA - 2015/6// PY - 2015/6// DO - 10.4141/cjas-2014-106 VL - 95 IS - 2 SP - 225-241 J2 - Can. J. Anim. Sci. LA - en OP - SN - 0008-3984 1918-1825 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas-2014-106 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of feeding barley on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of starter pigs AU - Nasir, Z. AU - Wang, L.F. AU - Young, M.G. AU - Swift, M.L. AU - Beltranena, E. AU - Zijlstra, R.T. T2 - Animal Feed Science and Technology AB - Wheat and barley are feed grains used as dietary sources of energy for swine in western Canada, Australia and northern Europe. Inclusion of high quality (HQ) barley grain in starter pig diets is limited due to its greater fibre content and lower net energy (NE) value than wheat. Low quality (LQ) barley due to adverse agronomic conditions is also available, but its feed value for young pigs is unknown. To explore, 280 starter pigs (initial body weight: 8.65 ± 0.87 kg) were fed pelleted diets including HQ or LQ barley (with or without balancing for NE value) to replace 650 g wheat/kg for 3 weeks starting 1 week post-weaning. Five diets were formulated as [MJ NE/kg; g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine/MJ NE]: 1) wheat (10.0, 1.07); 2) HQ barley (10.0, 1.06); 3) LQ barley without NE correction (9.76, 1.09); 4) LQ barley with NE correction (10.0, 1.06); and 5) LQ barley with low NE value (9.42, 1.12). The apparent total tract digestibility coefficient (CATTD) of gross energy (GE) was greater (P < 0.05) for the wheat diet than for barley diets. The CATTD of GE was lower (P < 0.05) for the HQ barley diet than for LQ barley diets and greater (P < 0.05) for the LQ low NE barley diet than the LQ barley diet without NE correction. The digestible energy (DE) and predicted diet NE value were greater (P < 0.05) for the wheat diet than barley diets except for the LQ barley diet with NE correction. These energy values were lower (P < 0.05) for the HQ barley diet than for LQ barley diets and greater (P < 0.05) for the LQ barley diet with NE correction than LQ barley diets without NE correction or low NE. For day 1–21, average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) of the wheat diet did not differ from that of the HQ barley diet but was lower (P < 0.05) than those of LQ barley diets. The ADG of the HQ barley diet did not differ from LQ barley diets. The NE correction did not affect ADFI, ADG and G:F of LQ barley diets. In conclusion, despite lower nutrient digestibility and energy value, LQ or HQ barley can fully replace wheat grain in diets for starter pigs and achieve equivalent or better growth performance. DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015/12// DO - 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.10.014 VL - 210 SP - 287-294 J2 - Animal Feed Science and Technology LA - en OP - SN - 0377-8401 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.10.014 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of feeding wheat millrun on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in starter pigs AU - Garcia, H. AU - Wang, L.F. AU - Landero, J.L. AU - Beltranena, E. AU - Cervantes, M. AU - Morales, A. AU - Zijlstra, R.T. T2 - Animal Feed Science and Technology AB - Wheat by-products could be an alternative feedstuff for sustainable pork production. The effects of substitution of soybean meal (SBM) and wheat with increasing inclusion of wheat millrun on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of young pigs were evaluated. In total, 160 weaned pigs were fed five pelleted wheat-based diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150 or 200 g wheat millrun/kg in substitution for up to 150 g SBM/kg and 50 g wheat/kg for 3 weeks (day 1–21) starting 2 weeks after weaning at 21 days of age. Diets were balanced for net energy (NE) using canola oil and for amino acids using crystalline amino acids to provide 10.1 MJ NE/kg and 1.05 g standardised ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys)/MJ NE. Increasing inclusion of wheat millrun to 200 g/kg linearly reduced (P < 0.001) diet apparent total tract digestibility coefficient (CATTD) of dry matter by 0.04 and CATTD of gross energy by 0.03, but did not affect CATTD of crude protein. Increasing dietary inclusion of wheat millrun linearly increased (P < 0.05) the calculated diet NE value by 0.07 MJ/kg indicating that the NE value of wheat millrun was underestimated. Increasing dietary inclusion of wheat millrun did not affect average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) for each week or for the entire trial (day 1–21). Increasing dietary inclusion of wheat millrun linearly increased (P < 0.05) feed efficiency (G:F) by 0.12 for day 8–14 or by 0.04 for the entire trial. In conclusion, up to 200 g wheat millrun/kg can replace 150 g SBM/kg and 50 g wheat/kg in diets formulated to equal dietary NE value and SID Lys content and fed to nursery pigs starting 2 weeks after weaning without detrimental effects on growth performance. DA - 2015/9// PY - 2015/9// DO - 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.018 VL - 207 IS - E-Supplement 2 SP - 283-288 J2 - Animal Feed Science and Technology LA - en OP - SN - 0377-8401 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.018 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nutrient digestibility of solvent-extracted Brassica napus and Brassica juncea canola meals and their air-classified fractions fed to ileal-cannulated grower pigs1 AU - Zhou, X. AU - Zijlstra, R. T. AU - Beltranena, E. T2 - Journal of Animal Science AB - Energy and nutrient digestibility of solvent-extracted canola meal (CM) is limited in pigs by its relatively high fiber content. The seed hull, which greatly contributes to the fiber content of CM, is denser than the oil-free cotyledon. By utilizing streams of air, air classification partially separates these seed components on the basis of their different sizes and densities to produce a low-fiber, light-particle fraction and a high-fiber, heavy-particle fraction. Compared with parent CM, ADF and NDF were reduced by 31.9% and 29.5% in the light-particle fraction and were enriched by 16.5% and 9.0% in the heavy-particle fraction (DM basis), respectively. Particle size was 638, 18.9, and 76.1 µm for the parent CM and light- and heavy-particle fractions, respectively. To determine the nutrient digestibility of CM and their air-classified fractions, Brassica napus and B. juncea CM and their 2 air-classified fractions were evaluated in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement together with a basal diet and an N-free diet. The experiment was conducted as an 8 × 8 Latin square in which diets contained 40% B. napus or B. juncea CM or their air-classified fractions and 60% basal diet. Digesta data from pigs fed the N-free diet served to subtract basal endogenous AA losses. Eight ileal-cannulated barrows (32 kg initial BW) were fed the 8 diets at 2.7 times maintenance DE for eight 11-d periods. At the end of each period, feces were collected for 48 h, and ileal digesta were collected for two 12-h periods. The DE and calculated NE values and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE were 6.3%, 10.0%, and 7.8% greater (P < 0.001) for B. juncea CM than for B. napus CM; 6.1%, 10.8%, and 5.3% greater (P < 0.001) for the light-particle fraction than for parent CM; and 5.4%, 7.2%, and 3.8% lower (P < 0.001) for the heavy-particle fraction than for parent CM, respectively. The standardized ileal digestibilities (SID) of His, Ile, Val, Asp, and Tyr were greater (P < 0.05) for B. juncea CM than for B. napus CM. The SID of CP and AA were greater (P < 0.01) in the light-particle fraction than in the heavy-particle fraction. The SID of Trp, Glu, Pro, and Tyr were greater (P < 0.05) in the light-particle fraction than in parent CM. In conclusion, B. juncea CM had greater energy and AA digestibility than B. napus CM because of reduced fiber content. Air classification of CM increased its energy and AA digestibility in the light-particle fraction for pigs because of the reduced dietary fiber content and decreased particle size. DA - 2015/1/1/ PY - 2015/1/1/ DO - 10.2527/jas.2014-7451 VL - 93 IS - 1 SP - 217-228 LA - en OP - SN - 0021-8812 1525-3163 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-7451 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Camelina sativa cake for broilers: Effects of increasing dietary inclusion from 0 to 24% on tissue fatty acid proportions at 14, 28, and 42 d of age AU - Nain, S. AU - Oryschak, M.A. AU - Betti, M. AU - Beltranena, E. T2 - Poultry Science AB - The benefits to human from the consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been recognized. Camelina sativa is an oilseed crop grown for biofuel production. Feeding its cake with 10 to 20% remaining oil (28 to 30% α-linolenic acid [ALA]) has the potential to enrich poultry products with n-3 PUFA. An experiment was conducted to assess lipid deposition in brain, liver, breast, and thigh tissue by increasing inclusions of camelina cake (CC) fed to broiler chickens. Male chicks (744, Ross 308) housed in 24 cages were fed 0, 8, 16, or 24% CC for 42 d, 6 replicates per CC level. At the end of the starter (14 d), grower (28 d), and finisher (42 d) phase, brain, liver, breast, and thigh samples were collected from 3 birds/cage and diets were analyzed for fatty acid content. Feeding increasing CC inclusions from 0 to 8, 16, and 24% increased dietary ALA (5.3, 11.1, 15.2, 17.8, respectively) as a proportion of the total fatty acid content. All diets provided a similar level of long-chain n-3 PUFA (about 0.9%). Irrespective of growth phase, increases in dietary CC inclusion led to a linear increase (P < 0.001) in the proportion of ALA in breast, thigh, and liver (76, 128, 288%, respectively), but not in brain tissue. An increase in dietary CC inclusion led to a linear increase (P < 0.001) in the proportion of long-chain n-3 PUFAs, including docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in liver (109 and 80%, respectively) and brain (24 and 6%, respectively) tissue. However, in breast and thigh tissue, increases in dietary CC inclusion led to an increase in only (P < 0.005) DPA (24 and 27%, respectively). The predominant n-3 PUFA in liver and brain tissue feeding 24% CC was DHA (48% and 88%, respectively), unlike in breast and thigh meat, where ALA increased (65 and 86%, respectively). The labeling claim requirement for n-3 PUFA enrichment (300 mg/100 g meat) was exceeded in breast and thigh by feeding a 24% CC diet for 28 d or 16% CC diet for 42 d, respectively. DA - 2015/6// PY - 2015/6// DO - 10.3382/ps/pev080 VL - 94 IS - 6 SP - 1247-1258 J2 - Poultry Science LA - en OP - SN - 0032-5791 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev080 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Benchmarking cow health status with dairy herd summary data AU - Gaddis, K.L.P. AU - Cole, J.B. AU - Clay, J.S. AU - Maltecca, C. T2 - 21st Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics (AAABG) C2 - 2015/// C3 - Proceedings of the 21st Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics (AAABG) CY - Lorne, Victoria, Australia DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/9/28/ SP - 366–369 PB - Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics ER - TY - CONF TI - Regions impacting inbreeding depression and their association with additive genetic effects for jersey cattle from the United States of America and Australia AU - Howard, J.T. AU - Pryce, J.E. AU - Haile-Mariam, M. AU - Maltecca, C. T2 - 21st Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics Conference C2 - 2015/// C3 - Proceedings of the 21st Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics Conference CY - Lorne, Victoria, Australia DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/9/28/ VL - 21 SP - 346–349 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parametric Study on the Tensile Properties of Ni-Based Alloy for a VHTR T2 - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/S11661-014-2357-3 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/54495270/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of Somatic KRAS Mutation in a Korean Baby with Nevus Sebaceus Syndrome T2 - Annals of Laboratory Medicine AB - Nevus sebaceus is a benign hamartoma of the epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous and apocrine glands. It typically appears as a yellow-orange to pink, finely papillomatous alopecic plaque that is often oval or linear. It usually presents at birth, preferentially affects the scalp and face, and is not uncommon, occurring in approximately 1 in 1,000 live births [1]. A recent study by Groesser et al. [1] reported that 95% of patients with nevus sebaceus lesions had somatic mutations in the HRAS gene and 5% had mutations in the KRAS gene, and the HRAS c.37G>C mutation was present in 91% of all lesions as the predominant mutation; approximately 3% of lesions had KRAS c.35G>A (p.Gly12Asp) as the next common mutation. These mutations were not detected in either non-lesional skin tissue or in whole blood, confirming nevus sebaceus as a 'mosaic RASopathy'. We report the case of a female infant with nevus sebaceus, in whom a somatic KRAS mutation was identified by Sanger sequencing in a cutaneous lesion. A 3-day-old female infant was transferred to our institution owing to skin lesions on the scalp, especially over the left parietal and occipital areas. The patient had a slippery, skin-colored, hairless, orange-peel-like linear plaque on her left parietal scalp and face (Fig. 1A) and a round plaque on her occipital scalp (Fig. 1B). Facial examination revealed a limbal dermoid with a skin-colored pedunculated papule on the left eyelid (Fig. 1C). Magnetic resonance imaging of the head showed an arachnoid cyst in the anterior portion of the left temporal lobe, and computed tomographic scanning of the orbit showed a calcified nodular lesion in the medial portion of the left orbit. Echocardiography showed that the patient had an atrial septal defect. A biopsy specimen taken from the plaque showed hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, numerous sebaceous glands, and malformed hair follicles (Fig. 2), consistent with nevus sebaceus. Fig. 1 Clinical features of nevus sebaceus. (A) Well-demarcated slippery, skin-colored, orange-peel like, linear plaque on the patient's left parietal scalp and face. (B) Round plaque on the patient's occipital scalp, showing alopecia. (C) A limbal dermoid with ... Fig. 2 Pathology of nevus sebaceus showing proliferative changes of sebaceous glands and apocrine glands in the epidermis (H&E, ×100). After obtaining informed consent from the patient's parents, tissue samples (~5 mm) were collected from a nevus sebaceus lesion of scalp and from normal skin by elective punch biopsy and were subjected to fibroblast culture for expansion. Genomic DNA was extracted from cultured skin fibroblasts as well as from peripheral blood leukocytes using the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), following the manufacturer's instructions. Sanger sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from nevus sebaceus tissue, normal skin tissue, and peripheral blood. We initially analyzed the specimens for HRAS c.37G>C (p.Gly13Arg), the most common mutation detected in nevus sebaceus, but were unable to detect this mutation in any of the specimens. Subsequently, we analyzed them for the second most common mutation in nevus sebaceus, KRAS c.35G>A (p.Gly12Asp), and detected this mutation in nevus sebaceus tissue from the patient, but not in her normal skin tissue or peripheral blood, confirming somatic mosaicism (Fig. 3). Fig. 3 The KRAS mutation (c.35G>A; p.Gly12Asp) was identified in genomic DNA isolated from the nevus sebaceus lesion (arrows), but not from adjacent normal skin tissue or peripheral blood leukocytes. RAS proteins regulate cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Mutations in HRAS and KRAS affect mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways, resulting in alterations in cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. RAS mutations occur in 30% of human cancers [2] and the most common HRAS c.37G>C and KRAS c.35G >A mutations found in nevus sebaceus are also the most frequent somatic RAS mutations detected in various malignant tumors, according to the catalogue of somatic mutations in cancer (COSMIC) database [1, 3]. Activating RAS mutations have been detected in genomic DNA from nevus sebaceus lesional keratinocytes, but not in DNA derived from adjacent non-lesional skin or peripheral blood, suggesting that cutaneous mosaicism for postzygotic activating mutations in the HRAS and KRAS genes causes nevus sebaceus development. Although germline mutations in these genes have been shown to underlie Costello (OMIM18040) and Noonan syndromes (OMIM163950) [6, 7], these mutations are different from the most common HRAS and KRAS mutations found in nevus sebaceus. It is likely that the common HRAS and KRAS somatic mutations in nevus sebaceus are nonlethal in a mosaic state but lethal when present in the germline and that they are selected as acquired somatic mutations in human cancers [1]. In approximately 7% of nevus sebaceus patients, the nevus sebaceus lesions may be more extensive with extracutaneous manifestations, and the condition has been defined as nevus sebaceus syndrome [3]. The most frequent extracutaneous manifestation of nevus sebaceus syndrome is central nervous system involvement, and ophthalmologic abnormalities are also common [8]. Our patient had extracutaneous manifestations in the ocular and central nervous system, suggesting the diagnosis of nevus sebaceus syndrome. According to the studies by Groesser et al. [1] and Sun et al. [9], extensive mosaicism for activating HRAS and KRAS mutations involving the skin, skeletal, ocular and central nervous systems is considered to be the underlying genetic cause of nevus sebaceus syndrome. In conclusion, although nevus sebaceus and nevus sebaceus syndrome are relatively common skin disorders, there has been no prior report on a genetically confirmed case in Korea. In this study, we present the first case of a female infant who had nevus sebaceus accompanied by extracutaneous manifestations, suggesting the diagnosis of nevus sebaceus syndrome, and in whom a somatic KRAS mutation (c.35G>A; p.Gly12Asp) was identified in the cutaneous lesion. Close monitoring for the potential development of secondary tumors is advised for this patient. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.3343/ALM.2015.35.1.178 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/11277918/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - pH-Sensitive Drug-Conjugates on Water-Soluble Polymer Frameworks T2 - Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics AB - A potent synthetic methodology is introduced to generate a useful intermediate for the preparation of ‘smart’ polymeric pro‐drugs. Herein, living anionic block polymerization of ethylene oxide (EO) and N ‐phenylmaleimide ( N ‐PMI), as well as the Gabriel process, are introduced. Hydrazinolysis of the resulting poly(ethylene oxide)‐ block ‐poly( N ‐PMI) (PEO‐ b ‐P N ‐PMI) using hydrazine under acidic conditions leads to the production of PEO‐based frameworks with hydrazide (HZ) groups. The HZ groups are found to effect the formation of an acid‐sensitive bond in reactions with medicines or drugs under neutral conditions (pH 7.2). The PEO‐HZ intermediate, which shows a strong triplet splitting patterned chemical shift in the range δ = 6.5–8.5 ppm, represents the most powerful material employed for mass production of smart polymeric pro‐drugs while controlling the drug‐loading yield. Water‐soluble “smart” polymeric pro‐drugs, such as poly(ethylene oxide)‐doxorubicin (PEO‐HZ‐Dox), poly(ethylene oxide)‐methotrexate (PEO‐HZ‐MTX), and poly(ethylene oxide)‐folate (PEO‐HZ‐FA) conjugates, show excellent acid‐sensitive release profiles in water or alcohol at pH 4.5. image DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1002/MACP.201400457 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/2518310/ KW - acid-dependent drug-release KW - living anionic block copolymerization KW - PEO-drug conjugates KW - poly(ethylene oxide)-based block copolymers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heart Rate Detection During Sleep Using a Flexible RF Resonator and Injection-Locked PLL Sensor T2 - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering AB - Novel nonintrusive technologies for wrist pulse detection have been developed and proposed as systems for sleep monitoring using three types of radio frequency (RF) sensors. The three types of RF sensors for heart rate measurement on wrist are a flexible RF single resonator, array resonators, and an injection-locked PLL resonator sensor. To verify the performance of the new RF systems, we compared heart rates between presleep time and postsleep onset time. Heart rates of ten subjects were measured using the RF systems during sleep. All three RF devices detected heart rates at 0.2 to 1 mm distance from the skin of the wrist over clothes made of cotton fabric. The wrist pulse signals of a flexible RF single resonator were consistent with the signals obtained by a portable piezoelectric transducer as a reference. Then, we confirmed that the heart rate after sleep onset time significantly decreased compared to before sleep. In conclusion, the RF system can be utilized as a noncontact nonintrusive method for measuring heart rates during sleep. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1109/TBME.2015.2439681 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/35944464/ KW - Heart rate KW - radio frequency KW - sleep KW - wearable sensors KW - wrist pulse ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel approach for determination of chicken sexing at an early stage of development by using loop-mediated isothermal amplification method T2 - Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences AB - The monomorphism of newly hatched chicks is a major hurdle for poultry farmers at the time of sexing. The traditional sexing techniques are inaccurate and time-consuming. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based sex determination method to obtain a higher separation accuracy rate as compared to conventional methods. LAMP is a simple, quick, and relatively inexpensive diagnostic tool. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples of Leghorn and Korean native chicks for LAMP. Two sets of primer were designed, consisting of four isothermal amplification primers in each, to amplify the female sex-specific sequence (HUR0417) of the PKCIW gene. We found that the corresponding female samples showed significant amplification of the PKCIW gene, while this was not observed in the male samples. Moreover, this method produced results in less than 1 h. The present investigation suggests that the LAMP-based sexing method is a sensitive, accurate, and time-saving method in chicks at an early age compared to the conventional sexing methods. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.3906/VET-1410-84 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/46490726/ KW - Chicken KW - Bst DNA polymerase KW - isothermal amplification primers KW - loop-mediated isothermal amplification KW - PKCIW KW - sex determination ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of dietary L-glutamate on growth performance, bacterial burden against Citrobacter freudii infection T2 - Amino Acids DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/11740528/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Animal Science Biotechnology in the Classroom AU - Merrill, M.S. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Do breed and gender affect how pigs respond to drugs? AU - Merrill, M.S. DA - 2015/5// PY - 2015/5// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy of protease on growth, gut health, and nutrient digestibility in nursery pigs fed diets with different levels of soybean meal AU - Park, I. AU - Biggs, P. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement 2 SP - 57 ER - TY - CONF TI - Opportunities with supplemental amino acids on gut health of pigs AU - Kim, S.W. AU - Chen, H.Y. AU - Guo, J. AU - Zhang, S.H. AU - Lan, Z. T2 - 7th China Academic Symposium of Swine Nutrition C2 - 2015/// C3 - Proceedings of the 7th China Academic Symposium of Swine Nutrition CY - Chongqing, China DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// SP - 4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of dietary inclusion of direct-fed microbials on gut health and growth of nursery pigs orally challenged with F18-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli AU - Sun, Y. AU - Park, I. AU - Stahl, C.H. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement 2 SP - 42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Oral tryptophan supplementation to nursing piglets increases serotonin synthesis and improves performance after weaning under social mixing stress AU - Pasquetti, T.J. AU - Park, I. AU - Guo, J.Y. AU - Pozza, P.C. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement 3 SP - 298 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Supplemental effects of herbal additive on growth performances, health status, and carcass quality in finishing pigs as alternatives to the use of antibiotic growth promotors AU - Parnsen, W. AU - Zhang, S.H. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement 3 SP - 854 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of dietary inclusion of Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, health, and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs AU - Loftus, A.S. AU - Park, I. AU - Manzke, N.E. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement 3 SP - 412 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Supplemental effects of β-mannanase on growth performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, and gut health of nursery pigs AU - Chen, H. AU - Park, I. AU - Zhang, S. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement 3 SP - 225 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of supplemental xylanase on digesta viscosity, gut health, and growth performance of nursery J AU - Chen, H. AU - Cabrera, R. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement 3 SP - 226 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of supplemental xylanase on growth, gut health, and ileal nutrient digestibility in nursery pigs fed corn-soybean meal based diets with two dietary energy levels AU - Park, I. AU - Chen, H. AU - Tyus, J. AU - Wang, J.J. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement 3 SP - 225 ER - TY - CONF TI - Pigs like yogurt!: Impacts of direct-fed microorganisms on growth, health and meat characteristics of growing-finishing pigs AU - Loftus, A.S. AU - Park, I. AU - Castelini, F.R. AU - Hansen, J.A. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - 10th Annual NC State University Graduate Student Research Symposium C2 - 2015/// DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of β–glucan from microalgae on the growth performance and gut health of nursery pigs AU - Manzke, N.E. AU - Castelini, F.R. AU - Payne, R.L. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement 2 SP - 174 ER - TY - CONF TI - Nutritional impacts on gut health and metabolic status in pigs AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Symposium on One Health for Animals and Humans C2 - 2015/// C3 - Symposium on One Health for Animals and Humans CY - College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// SP - 9–30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of dietary inclusion of direct-fed microbials on growth performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs AU - Sevarolli, A.L. AU - Park, I. AU - Castelini, F.R. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement 2 ER - TY - CONF TI - Nutritional aspects that influence the reproductive systems of sows AU - Kim, S.W. AU - Sariva, A. AU - Shen, Y. AU - Weaver, A.C. AU - Zhao, Y. T2 - VIII Simpósio Brasil Sul de Suinocultura C2 - 2015/// C3 - VIII Simpósio Brasil Sul de Suinocultura CY - Chapeco, SC, Brazil DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// SP - 68–82 ER - TY - CONF TI - Feed application of multistrain direct fed microbial for growth and health of pigs AU - Kim, S.W. AU - Loftus, A.S. AU - Sun, Y. T2 - Forum of Non-Antibiotic Animal Husbandry C2 - 2015/// C3 - Forum of Non-Antibiotic Animal Husbandry CY - Nanjing, China DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// SP - 54–55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Human is not ready to be a Mega Eater AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Dong A Science DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// VL - 359 IS - Special Issue SP - 80-85 ER - TY - SOUND TI - The art of presentation AU - Kim, S.W. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Agricultural Innovation for Improved Productivity AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - 3rd International Symposium on Sustainable Agriculture for Subtropical Regions (ISSASR-3 2015), Chinese Academy of Science C2 - 2015/// CY - Changsha, Hunan, China DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/10// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Opportunities with supplemental amino acids on gut health of pigs AU - Kim, S.W. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015/10// ER - TY - SOUND TI - NSP enzymes and gut health of pigs AU - Kim, S.W. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Swine production in the US AU - Kim, S.W. DA - 2015/9// PY - 2015/9// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Nutrition to enhance gut health in pigs AU - Kim, S.W. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Nutritional strategy of gestating sows AU - Kim, S.W. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Opportunities with direct fed microbials in antibiotics free pig production AU - Kim, S.W. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Functional role of oils and fats in diets for sows and baby pigs AU - Kim, S.W. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of dietary cation-anion difference during late gestation and lactation on blood and urine parameters of sow AU - Guo, J.Y. AU - Axe, D.E. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement 3 SP - 298 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of supplemental amino acids in low protein diets on intestinal tight junction and amino acid transporters in growing pigs AU - Zhang, S.H. AU - Parnsen, W. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Supplement 3 SP - 199 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Comparative Nutrition AU - Ange-van Heugten, K.D. DA - 2015/2// PY - 2015/2// ER - TY - BOOK TI - Introduction to Companion Animals Learning Manual for ANS 105 AU - Ange-van Heugten, K.D. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ET - 2nd PB - Kendall Hunt Publishing Co SN - 978146527579 ER - TY - CONF TI - Beef Cattle Carcass Quality AU - Pickworth, C.L. T2 - NC Cattlemen’s Field Day C2 - 2015/// DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - What Do All the Beef Labels Mean? AU - Pickworth, C.L. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Impact of Weaning Strategies on Meat Quality AU - Pickworth, C.L. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Effects of TCA cycle and ketogenic capacity on fatty acid oxidation induced by clofibrate in suckling neonatal pigs AU - Zhao, Jinan AU - Pike, Brandon AU - Sabin, Sean AU - Odle, Jack AU - Xi, Lin T2 - Project Director Meeting in conjunction with the 2015 JAM meeting C2 - 2015/// CY - Salt Lake City, UT DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Effects of methylating vitamins and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) in a feed-restricted swine model. AU - Lima, H.S. AU - Jacobi, C. AU - Man, C. AU - Walker, K. AU - Sommer, J. AU - Flowers, W. AU - Blikslager, A. AU - Lin, X. AU - Odle, J. T2 - NCSU Graduate Research Symposium C2 - 2015/// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/3/25/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Apparent balance of essential fatty acids for the prolific lactating sow AU - Rosero, D.S. AU - Odle, J. AU - Boyd, R.D. AU - van Heugten, E. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Suppl 2 SP - 76 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Essential nature of fatty acids for the modern lactating sow AU - Rosero, D.S. AU - Odle, J. AU - Boyd, R.D. AU - van Heugten, E. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Suppl 2 SP - 66 ER - TY - RPRT TI - NANP-NRSP9 Coordinating Committee Update AU - Cromwell, G.L. AU - Applegate, T.J. AU - Beitz, D.C. AU - Galyean, M.L. AU - Hall, M.B. AU - Hanigan, M.D. AU - Odle, J. AU - Weiss, W.P. AU - Baer, C.Kirk DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ER - TY - RPRT TI - Defining Animal Nutrition Research Priorities for a Healthy Society AU - White, R.R. AU - Applegate, T.J. AU - Cromwell, G.L. AU - Beitz, D.C. AU - Galyean, M.L. AU - Hall, M.B. AU - Miller, P.S. AU - Odle, J. AU - Weiss, W.P. AU - Hanigan, M.D. A3 - National Animal Nutrition Program Summit DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// M3 - Brochure PB - National Animal Nutrition Program Summit ER - TY - SOUND TI - Defining Animal Nutrition Research Priorities for a Healthy Society: Human and Animal Health AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/3/25/ PY - 2015/3/25/ M3 - Moderated panel UR - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KID-nAe6lW0FA ER - TY - SOUND TI - Food animal faculty retreat introduction AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/11/20/ PY - 2015/11/20/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Global food animal academy planning AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/11/4/ PY - 2015/11/4/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Enhancing fatty acid oxidation in newborn pigs to improve survivability AU - Lin, X. AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/7/12/ PY - 2015/7/12/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Nutritional determinates of neonatal growth, development & health AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/6/29/ PY - 2015/6/29/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Swine nutritional models: The importance of neonatal nutrition AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/6/24/ PY - 2015/6/24/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Neonatal pig nutritional biochemistry AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/6/19/ PY - 2015/6/19/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Nutritional biochemistry supporting neonatal gastrointestinal health AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/5/21/ PY - 2015/5/21/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Managing dietary fat to produce healthy pigs, healthy pork and healthy people AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/5/12/ PY - 2015/5/12/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Nutritional biochemistry of bioactive fatty acids in young pigs AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/4/21/ PY - 2015/4/21/ PB - Iowa State University ER - TY - SOUND TI - Nutritional biochemistry of bioactive fatty acids in the neonatal pig AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/4/9/ PY - 2015/4/9/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - New dimensions of lipid metabolism in swine: epigenetic and intestinal effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids AU - Odle, J. AU - Jacobi, S.K. AU - Lin, X. DA - 2015/3/27/ PY - 2015/3/27/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Team science manages dietary fat to yield healthy pigs, healthy pork and healthy people AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/3/17/ PY - 2015/3/17/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Advancing global maternal and infant health via insights gleaned from research in agricultural species. Lactation/suckling phase. AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/1/15/ PY - 2015/1/15/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Advancing global maternal and infant health via insights gleaned from research in agricultural species AU - Odle, J. DA - 2015/1/15/ PY - 2015/1/15/ M3 - Introduction ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global impact of improving feed efficiency and technology transfer efficacy AU - White, R.R. AU - Applegate, T.J. AU - Cromwell, G.L. AU - Beitz, D.C. AU - Galyean, M.L. AU - Hall, M.B. AU - Miller, P.S. AU - Odle, J. AU - Weiss, W.P. AU - Hanigan, M.D. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - Suppl 3 SP - 599 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determination of Thermodynamic Solubility of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients for Veterinary Species: A New USP General Chapter AU - Apley, M. AU - Crist, G.B. AU - Fellner, V. AU - Gonzalez, M.A. AU - Hunter, R.P. AU - Martinez, M.N. AU - Messenheimer, J.R. AU - Modric, S. AU - Papich, M.G. AU - Parr, A.F. AU - Riviere, J.E. AU - Marques, M.R.C. T2 - US Pharmacopeial Forum DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 41 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Are Differentially Regulated by Time and Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids In Neonatal Pig Intestinal Epithelial Cells, IPECJ2 AU - Nieforth, Leanne AU - Odle, Jack AU - Jacobi, Sheila T2 - The FASEB Journal AB - Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGlyRP) are a family of highly conserved pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system. PGlyRP1, 3, and 4 have direct bactericidal activity, while PGlyRP2 is bound and secreted from cells and hydrolyzes peptidoglycan through amidase activity. PGlyRP3 is expressed in human colon‐like CaCO‐2 cells and is known to enhance anti‐inflammatory responses post‐bacterial challenge. This study hypothesized that PGlyRP expression in IPECJ2 cells would be regulated by time post‐confluence and by long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC‐PUFA) treatment. IPECJ2 cells were grown to confluence and mRNA abundance was measured by RT‐PCR. PGlyRP 2 and 4 were expressed in IPECJ2 cells and differentially regulated over time (P < 0.001). PGlyRP2 mRNA abundance decreased over 16d (P < 0.001), whereas PGlyRP4 mRNA abundance increased over time. In addition, LC‐PUFA (n‐3 and n‐6) dose‐dependently increased expression of PGlyRP2 mRNA by 100‐175% within 24h compared to vehicle‐treated cells (P< 0.05). PGlyRP4 mRNA increased 65 % when treated with 100 μM eicosapentaenoic acid (n‐3) compared to vehicle treated cells (P<0.05). In conclusion, IPECJ2 cells express PGlyRP2 and 4, have differential patterns of expression over time post‐confluence and are acutely regulated by LC‐PUFA. These data implicate a potential mechanism for dietary LC‐PUFA to modulate intestinal health by altering mucosal signaling mechanisms between luminal microbiotia, enterocytes and the mucosal immune system. Funded by Undergraduate Research Grant. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.917.3 VL - 29 IS - S1 J2 - FASEB j. LA - en OP - SN - 0892-6638 1530-6860 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.917.3 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Milk Oligosaccharides Modulate Colonic Microbiota of Formula‐Fed Piglets AU - Jacobi, Sheila AU - Yatsunenko, Tanya AU - Berg, Brian AU - Chichlowski, Maciej AU - Odle, Jack T2 - The FASEB Journal AB - Among many benefits to infant's health, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) serve as nutrients for the resident infant gut microbiota. Sialyllactose (SL) is an acidic HMO that has important biological functions, but its effect on modulating colonic microbiota is unknown. We previously reported that supplementation of formula with 3'- or 6'-SL can enrich ganglioside SA in the brain of suckling piglets. The current study aimed to determine if different isomers of SL modulate the microbiome of developing neonatal piglets. Day-old pigs were randomized among 6 diets (control, 3'-SL at 2 or 4g/L, 6'-SL at 2 or 4g/L, or 2g/L polydextrose + 2g/L galacto-oligosaccharide; n=9 per group) and fed 3 times per day for 21 days. Pigs were euthanized and intestinal digesta were analyzed from the proximal (PC) and distal colon (DC). The microbiome analysis was performed via 16S rDNA Illumina sequencing. Dietary SL did not affect feed intake, growth or fecal consistency. Sampling location and treatment caused significant changes in the microbial taxa of the PC and DC (P<0.05, Adonis test). There was a significant microbiome difference between control and 4 g/L 6'SL diets (P<0.01, Adonis test). Specifically, an increase in bacterial taxa belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes was observed (P<0.01). In conclusion, supplementation of formula with 6'-SL modulates gut associated microbiota of suckling piglets, and identified taxa could be the candidates for ‘next generation' probiotics enhancing the biological functions of SL. Funded by Mead Johnson Nutrition. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.754.11 VL - 29 IS - S1 J2 - FASEB j. LA - en OP - SN - 0892-6638 1530-6860 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.754.11 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Supplemental Chromium Source and Concentration on Growth, Carcass Characteristics, and Serum Lipid Parameters of Broilers Reared Under Normal Conditions AU - Zheng, Cancai AU - Huang, Yanling AU - Xiao, Fang AU - Lin, Xi AU - Lloyd, Karen T2 - Biological Trace Element Research DA - 2015/7/1/ PY - 2015/7/1/ DO - 10.1007/s12011-015-0419-z VL - 169 IS - 2 SP - 352-358 J2 - Biol Trace Elem Res LA - en OP - SN - 0163-4984 1559-0720 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0419-z DB - Crossref KW - Broilers KW - Carcass characteristics KW - Chromium KW - Lipid parameters KW - Normal rearing conditions ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Supplemental Chromium Source and Concentration on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Broilers Under Heat Stress Conditions AU - Huang, Yanling AU - Yang, Jian AU - Xiao, Fang AU - Lloyd, Karen AU - Lin, Xi T2 - Biological Trace Element Research DA - 2015/7/18/ PY - 2015/7/18/ DO - 10.1007/s12011-015-0443-z VL - 170 IS - 1 SP - 216-223 J2 - Biol Trace Elem Res LA - en OP - SN - 0163-4984 1559-0720 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0443-z DB - Crossref KW - Chromium KW - Growth performance KW - Carcass characteristics KW - Meat quality KW - Broilers KW - Heat stress ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of pre-slaughter stressor and feeding preventative Chinese medicinal herbs on glycolysis and oxidative stability in pigs AU - Bai, Xiumei AU - Yan, Xue AU - Xie, Linqi AU - Hu, Xiaodong AU - Lin, Xi AU - Wu, Changzheng AU - Zhou, Ningcong AU - Wang, Anru AU - See, Miles Todd T2 - Animal Science Journal AB - Abstract A total of 64 5‐month‐old Pietrain pigs were randomly allocated to four treatments with four replicates per treatment according to body weight. The pigs were fed either a standard corn‐soybean meal based control diet (treatments 1 and 2), the standard diet with 1% Lycium barbarum (LB) (treatment 3), or the standard diet with 1% Polygala tenuifolia Willd (PT) (treatment 4). Serum lactic acid and glucose concentrations were increased in stressed pigs ( P < 0.05). Addition of the herbs in the diet had no effect on the serum lactic acid concentration, but 1% LB decreased ( P < 0.05) serum glucose concentration in the stressed pigs. Pre‐slaughter stress also decreased ( P < 0.01) liver glycogen concentration and the decrease could be inhibited by addition of 1% LB in the diet ( P > 0.05). Pre‐slaughter stress increased the concentration of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) ( P < 0.05) and decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity in serum, while dietary 1% LB increased ( P < 0.05) the activity of GSH‐Px and decreased the concentration of MDA in the serum. In conclusion, pre‐slaughter stress induces oxidative stress in pigs and dietary supplementation with 1% LB improves antioxidant capacity in stressed pigs before slaughtering. DA - 2015/10/26/ PY - 2015/10/26/ DO - 10.1111/asj.12537 VL - 87 IS - 8 SP - 1028-1033 J2 - Anim Sci J LA - en OP - SN - 1344-3941 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asj.12537 DB - Crossref KW - Chinese medicinal herbs KW - glycogen KW - oxidative KW - pig KW - stress ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal Undernutrition Affects Expression of Genes Associated with Ileal Development and Metabolism in Full‐term Offspring AU - Man, Chaolai AU - Fan, Yu AU - Lima, Hope AU - Jacobi, Sheila AU - Lui, Sunny AU - Odle, Jack AU - Xi, Lin T2 - The FASEB Journal AB - The aim of this study was to explore whether global nutrient (GN) restriction of pregnant gilts influences fetal expression of miRNAs and mRNAs involved in small intestine development and metabolism. Pregnant gilts (n=8) were randomly assigned into full-fed control (no feed intake restriction) or GN restricted (50-70% feed intake restriction) groups. Fetal pigs were delivered by C-section on day 110 ± 2 and fetal ileum samples were collected and frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was extracted using Trizol, and miRNA libraries was constructed using the total RNA with Ion Total RNA-Seq kit v2, and sequenced using the Ion Proton Sequencing Platform. When mapped against the swine database, expressed miRNAs showed that abundance of miR-20a, miR-let-7a, miR-let-7c, miR-let-7e, miR-17-5p, miR-18a, miR-155-5p and miR-181b associated with regulation of ileum development and immune response were modified in offspring from GN restricted gilts as compared to control gilts. Additionally, alterations were observed in mRNA of genes related to growth axis and gluconeogenesis. The expressions of CREB1, CRTC2, FoxO1, G-6-pase, PCK1, PCK2, PPARGC-1, SIRT-1, CAT-1, GHR, GLUT-2, I-FABP, IGF-1, IGF-1R and L-FABP measured using real-time qPCR are 2.4-12.7 folds higher in ileal of offspring from GN restricted than control gilts. These results strongly suggest that nutrient restriction during pregnancy can affect the programming of fetal ileum development and metabolism via regulation of gene expression and that post-transcriptional mechanisms might be involved in. Supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, GCE OPP1061037. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.754.13 VL - 29 IS - S1 J2 - FASEB j. LA - en OP - SN - 0892-6638 1530-6860 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.754.13 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Supplementation of Maternal Diets with Choline, B‐vitamin and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Alters Gene Expressions Associated with Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Offspring AU - Xi, Lin AU - Man, Chaolai AU - Lima, Hope AU - Jacobi, Sheila AU - Lui, Sunny AU - Odle, Jack T2 - The FASEB Journal AB - This study was to explore whether maternal supplementation of choline with supporting b-vitamins and DHA during malnourishment influences fetal expression of RNAs involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. Pregnant gilts (n=24) were randomly assigned to full-fed control (no feed intake restriction) or global nutrient restricted (GNR, 50-70% feed intake restriction) groups. The GNR gilts received supplementation of choline and supporting b-vitamins and/or DHA according to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Piglets were delivered by C-section on d 110 ± 2 and fetal liver samples were collected. RNA was extracted, and miRNA and mRNA libraries were constructed and sequenced by using Ion Proton Sequencing Platform. Results showed that abundance of miR-21, miR-122, miR-145, miR-103, miR-221, miR490-3p and miR-375 associated with regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism were modified in offspring from GNR gilts as compared with offspring from control gilts. The modifications in these miRNAs were affected by maternal supplementation of choline or/and DHA. Additionally, the expressions of HMGCS2, FABP1, FABP2, AACS, CHKA, GPCPD1, LPCAT3, AGPAT6, SCD, ELOVL7, ELOVL6, PTGS1 and LRAT significantly differed between offspring from control and GNR gilts. Supplementation of choline or/and DHA modified gene expressions of PPARα, RXR2, HMGCS2, FABP2, SERBF2, CHKA, AGPAT6, SCD, ELOVL7, ELOVL6 and PTGS. These results strongly suggest that maternal choline and DHA play important roles in programming of fetal lipid metabolism during development via regulation of gene expression. Supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, GCE OPP1061037. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.749.9 VL - 29 IS - S1 J2 - FASEB j. LA - en OP - SN - 0892-6638 1530-6860 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.749.9 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acute Dextran Sodium Sulfate Dose‐Dependently Induces Colitis in Formula‐Fed Piglets AU - Jacobi, Sheila AU - Moeser, Adam AU - Borst, Luke AU - Lin, Xi AU - Odle, Jack T2 - The FASEB Journal AB - Numerous factors are associated with the onset and development of inflammatory bowel disease and can lead to variations in nutritional status and growth during development. Acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis is a model often used to study inflammatory mechanisms in the colon. The current study aimed to determine if increasing doses of DSS modulate the severity of colonic inflammation in suckling neonatal pigs. Day-old pigs were randomized among 4 treatments (0, 0.313, 0.625, or 1.25 g DSS/kg BW/d; n=5/trt) and fed 3 times per day for 21 days. Colitis was induced from d 17 -21 by DSS delivered in a small volume of milk before morning feeding. Pigs were euthanized and colon samples were collected on d 22. DSS dose did not affect feed intake and growth. There was a linear increase in diarrhea score with increasing dose of DSS on d17 through d21 (P<0.001). In addition, pathology assessments (means ± pooled SEM) showed a linear increase in inflammatory histological scores (ranging from 0 to 4, normal to severe, respectively) associated with DSS doseage. Epithelial damage (0.7, 1.2, 2.6, 3.1 ± 0.3, respectively) lamina propria inflammation (0, 1.2, 1.9, 3.5 ± 0.3), crypt abscess (0, 0.6, 1.4, 2.1 ± 0.4), crypt dropout (0, 0.5, 1.6, 2 ± 0.4), goblet cell depletion (0, 0.4, 1, 1.6 ± 0.3), and hyperplasia (1.1, 2, 2.6, 2.9 ± 0.3) were dose-dependently increased with increasing DSS (P<0.001). Colonic myeloperoxidase activity linearly increased dose-dependently (P < 0.05) as did overall colitis score (0.3, 1, 1.9, 2.4 ± 0.3; P<0.0001). In conclusion, severity of colitis is directly correlated with dose of DSS in the suckling piglet model. Funded by USDA-NIFA 2104-67017-21750. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.755.8 VL - 29 IS - S1 J2 - FASEB j. LA - en OP - SN - 0892-6638 1530-6860 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.755.8 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dietary supplementation with l-glutamate and l-aspartate alleviates oxidative stress in weaned piglets challenged with hydrogen peroxide AU - Duan, Jielin AU - Yin, Jie AU - Ren, Wenkai AU - Liu, Ting AU - Cui, Zhijie AU - Huang, Xingguo AU - Wu, Li AU - Kim, Sung Woo AU - Liu, Gang AU - Wu, Xi AU - Wu, Guoyao AU - Li, Tiejun AU - Yin, Yulong T2 - Amino Acids DA - 2015/8/9/ PY - 2015/8/9/ DO - 10.1007/s00726-015-2065-3 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 53-64 J2 - Amino Acids LA - en OP - SN - 0939-4451 1438-2199 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-015-2065-3 DB - Crossref KW - L-Glutamate KW - L-Aspartate KW - Oxidative stress KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Performance Pigs ER - TY - JOUR TI - l -Cysteine metabolism and its nutritional implications AU - Yin, Jie AU - Ren, Wenkai AU - Yang, Guan AU - Duan, Jielin AU - Huang, Xingguo AU - Fang, Rejun AU - Li, Chongyong AU - Li, Tiejun AU - Yin, Yulong AU - Hou, Yongqing AU - Kim, Sung Woo AU - Wu, Guoyao T2 - Molecular Nutrition & Food Research AB - L-Cysteine is a nutritionally semiessential amino acid and is present mainly in the form of L-cystine in the extracellular space. With the help of a transport system, extracellular L-cystine crosses the plasma membrane and is reduced to L-cysteine within cells by thioredoxin and reduced glutathione (GSH). Intracellular L-cysteine plays an important role in cellular homeostasis as a precursor for protein synthesis, and for production of GSH, hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), and taurine. L-Cysteine-dependent synthesis of GSH has been investigated in many pathological conditions, while the pathway for L-cysteine metabolism to form H(2)S has received little attention with regard to prevention and treatment of disease in humans. The main objective of this review is to highlight the metabolic pathways of L-cysteine catabolism to GSH, H(2)S, and taurine, with special emphasis on therapeutic and nutritional use of L-cysteine to improve the health and well-being of animals and humans. DA - 2015/6/12/ PY - 2015/6/12/ DO - 10.1002/mnfr.201500031 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 134-146 J2 - Mol. Nutr. Food Res. LA - en OP - SN - 1613-4125 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201500031 DB - Crossref KW - L-Cysteine KW - GSH KW - H2S KW - Nutritional potential KW - Taurine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Joint prediction of multiple quantitative traits using a Bayesian multivariate antedependence model AU - Jiang, J AU - Zhang, Q AU - Ma, L AU - Li, J AU - Wang, Z AU - Liu, J-F T2 - Heredity AB - Predicting organismal phenotypes from genotype data is important for preventive and personalized medicine as well as plant and animal breeding. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for complex traits have discovered a large number of trait- and disease-associated variants, phenotype prediction based on associated variants is usually in low accuracy even for a high-heritability trait because these variants can typically account for a limited fraction of total genetic variance. In comparison with GWAS, the whole-genome prediction (WGP) methods can increase prediction accuracy by making use of a huge number of variants simultaneously. Among various statistical methods for WGP, multiple-trait model and antedependence model show their respective advantages. To take advantage of both strategies within a unified framework, we proposed a novel multivariate antedependence-based method for joint prediction of multiple quantitative traits using a Bayesian algorithm via modeling a linear relationship of effect vector between each pair of adjacent markers. Through both simulation and real-data analyses, our studies demonstrated that the proposed antedependence-based multiple-trait WGP method is more accurate and robust than corresponding traditional counterparts (Bayes A and multi-trait Bayes A) under various scenarios. Our method can be readily extended to deal with missing phenotypes and resequence data with rare variants, offering a feasible way to jointly predict phenotypes for multiple complex traits in human genetic epidemiology as well as plant and livestock breeding. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1038/hdy.2015.9 VL - 115 IS - 1 SP - 29-36 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84930864947&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improved detection and characterization of copy number variations among diverse pig breeds by array CGH AU - Wang, J. AU - Jiang, J. AU - Wang, H. AU - Kang, H. AU - Zhang, Q. AU - Liu, J.-F. T2 - G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics AB - Abstract As a major component of genomic variation, copy number variations (CNVs) are considered as promising markers for some phenotypic and economically important traits in domestic animals. Using a custom-designed 1M array CGH (aCGH), we performed CNV discovery in 12 pig samples from one Asian wild boar population, six Chinese indigenous breeds, and two European commercial breeds. In total, we identified 758 CNV regions (CNVRs), covering 47.43 Mb of the pig genome sequence. Of the total porcine genes, 1295 genes were completely or partially overlapped with the identified CNVRs, which enriched in the terms related to sensory perception of the environment, neurodevelopmental processes, response to external stimuli, and immunity. Further probing the potential functions of these genes, we also found a suite of genes related important traits, which make them a promising resource for exploring the genetic basis of phenotype differences among diverse pig breeds. Compared with previous relevant studies, the current study highlights that different platforms can complement each other, and the combined implementation of different platforms is beneficial to achieve the most comprehensive CNV calls. CNVs detected in diverse populations herein are essentially complementary to the CNV map in the pig genome, which would be helpful for understanding the pig genome variants and investigating the associations between various phenotypes and CNVs. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1534/g3.115.018473 VL - 5 IS - 6 SP - 1253-1261 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84930855069&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - genomic variation KW - copy number variations KW - array CGH KW - pigs ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of replacing ground corn with wet brewers grains on growth performance and concentrations of liver trace minerals and plasma fatty acids of preconditioning beef heifers fed medium-quality fescue hay AU - Moriel, P. AU - Artioli, L.F.A. AU - Poore, M.H. AU - Fellner, V. T2 - The Professional Animal Scientist AB - ABSTRACT Our goal was to evaluate growth performance and concentrations of liver trace minerals and plasma fatty acids of beef heifers supplemented with wet brewers grains (WBG) replacing ground corn (CN). On d 0, 27 Angus beef heifers (218 ± 3 kg; 225 ± 23 d of age) were randomly assigned into 1 of 9 drylot pens (3 heifers per pen). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens (3 pens per treatment) and consisted of heifers receiving a 42-d period of daily supple- mentation 'with 100% CN, 100% WBG, or a 50:50 mixture of CN and WBG (CNWBG). Supplements provided equal daily supplemental TDN (0.7% of BW). Average daily gain from d 0 to 42 was similar (P = 0.65) between CNWBG and WBG, and tended (P ≤ 0.08) to be least for CN. Hay and total DMI were less (P ≤ 0.05) for heifers fed WBG versus CN and CNWBG supplements in 3 of 6 wk. Thus, G:F was similar (P = 0.63) between CNWBG and WBG but least (P ≤ 0.004) for CN heifers. Intake of S, Cu, Se, and Zn increased (P ≤ 0.05) as WBG replaced corn. Yet, liver concentrations of trace minerals did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.16). Intake of supplemental fat and total fat increased (P ≤ 0.02) as WBG replaced corn. Plasma 18:1 trans-11 and 18:1 cis-9 concentrations were less for WBG versus CN and CNWNG heifers (P ≤ 0.04). Therefore, replacing ground corn with WBG enhanced growth performance but not concentrations of plasma fatty acids and liver trace mineral in beef heifers. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015/10// DO - 10.15232/pas.2015-01421 VL - 31 IS - 5 SP - 425-433 J2 - The Professional Animal Scientist LA - en OP - SN - 1080-7446 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/pas.2015-01421 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - The many faces of interferon tau at the maternal-conceptus interface AU - Bazer, F.W. AU - Ruiz-Gonzalez, I. AU - Xu, J. AU - Wang, X. AU - Dunlap, K.A. T2 - American Journal of Reproductive Immunology DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 73 IS - S2 SP - 21 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis of polyamines from L-proline in the porcine placenta and neonatal enterocytes AU - Wu, G. AU - Bazer, F.W. AU - Wang, X. AU - Johnson, G.A. AU - Hou, Y. AU - Dai, Z. AU - Wang, J. AU - Wu, Z. T2 - Amino Acids DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 47 IS - 8 SP - 1669 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The physiological basis and nutritional function of alpha-ketoglutarate AU - He, Liuqin AU - Xu, Zhiqi AU - Yao, Kang AU - Wu, Guoao AU - Yin, Yulong AU - M Nyachoti, Clares AU - Woo Kim, Sung T2 - Current Protein and Peptide Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 16 IS - 7 SP - 576-581 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soluble extract of soybean fermented with Aspergillus oryzae GB107 inhibits fat accumulation in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes AU - So, Kyoung-Ha AU - Suzuki, Yasuki AU - Yonekura, Shinichi AU - Suzuki, Yutaka AU - Lee, Chan Ho AU - Kim, Sung Woo AU - Katoh, Kazuo AU - Roh, Sang-Gun T2 - Nutrition research and practice DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 439 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Extract of Ginkgo biloba ameliorates streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus and high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice AU - Rhee, Ki-Jong AU - Lee, Chang Gun AU - Kim, Sung Woo AU - Gim, Dong-Hyeon AU - Kim, Hyun-Cheol AU - Jung, Bae Dong T2 - International journal of medical sciences DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 12 IS - 12 SP - 987 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of body growth and immunity-related differentially expressed genes through deep RNA sequencing in the piglets of Jeju native pig and Berkshire AU - Ghosh, M. AU - Sodhi, S.S. AU - Song, K.-D. AU - Kim, J.H. AU - Mongre, R.K. AU - Sharma, N. AU - Singh, N.K. AU - Kim, S.W. AU - Lee, H.K. AU - Jeong, D.K. T2 - Animal Genetics AB - This study was carried out with the objective to investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Jeju native pig (JNP) and Berkshire piglets. The RNA-Seq technique was used to investigate the transcriptomes in the fat, liver and longissimus dorsi muscle from these two breeds. Paired-end reads of the sequences that passed the quality filters were aligned to the Sus scrofa genome using tophat2 (v2.0.2). In this study, 65% of muscle, 20% of fat and 54% of liver genes showed higher expression in the piglets of JNP than in Berkshire. Gene Ontology and signaling pathways showed that immune response and lipid metabolisms were commonly enriched pathways in all three tissues. It was found that the genes pertaining to body growth and immune system are significantly (P < 0.01) more highly expressed in Berkshire piglets. DEGs explored between the piglets of the two breeds might influence the identification of the genetic markers for further breed improvement programs. Our findings provide a new perspective for understanding and identifying candidate genes that are involved in various biological functions. Moreover, transcriptome analysis makes it easier to understand the differences between genetic mechanisms of breeds. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1111/age.12281 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 255-264 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84928589472&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - differentially expressed genes KW - Gene Ontology KW - RNA-Seq KW - transcriptome ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of feed grade L-methionine on intestinal redox status, intestinal development, and growth performance of young chickens compared with conventional DL-methionine AU - Shen, YB AU - Ferket, P AU - Park, I AU - Malheiros, RD AU - Kim, SW T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - 6 SP - 2977-2986 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of dietary supplementation with lysine-yielding Bacillus subtilis on gut morphology, cecal microflora, and intestinal immune response of Linwu ducks AU - Xing, Y AU - Wang, S AU - Fan, J AU - Oso, AO AU - Kim, SW AU - Xiao, D AU - Yang, T AU - Liu, G AU - Jiang, G AU - Li, Z AU - others T2 - Journal of animal science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 93 IS - 7 SP - 3449-3457 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio on fatty acid composition, free amino acid profile and gene expression of transporters in finishing pigs AU - Li, Fengna AU - Duan, Yehui AU - Li, Yinghui AU - Tang, Yulong AU - Geng, Meimei AU - Oladele, Oso Abimbola AU - Kim, Sung Woo AU - Yin, Yulong T2 - British Journal of Nutrition DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 113 IS - 5 SP - 739-748 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dynamic distribution of the gut microbiota and the relationship with apparent crude fiber digestibility and growth stages in pigs AU - Niu, Qing AU - Li, Pinghua AU - Hao, Shuaishuai AU - Zhang, Yeqiu AU - Kim, Sung Woo AU - Li, Huizhi AU - Ma, Xiang AU - Gao, Shuo AU - He, Lichun AU - Wu, WangJun AU - others T2 - Scientific reports DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 1-7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Differential expression of proteins involved in energy production along the crypt-villus axis in early-weaning pig small intestine AU - Xiong, Xia AU - Yang, Huansheng AU - Tan, Bie AU - Yang, Chengbo AU - Wu, Miaomiao AU - Liu, Gang AU - Kim, Sung Woo AU - Li, Tiejun AU - Li, Lili AU - Wang, Junjun AU - others T2 - American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 309 IS - 4 SP - G229-G237 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Integrated In Silico Approach for the Structural and Functional Exploration of Lipocalin 2 and its Functional Insights with Metalloproteinase 9 and Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 2 AU - Ghosh, M. AU - Sodhi, S.S. AU - Kim, J.H. AU - Kim, N.E. AU - Mongre, R.K. AU - Sharma, N. AU - Kim, S.-W. AU - Oh, S.J. AU - Pulicherla, K.K. AU - Jeong, D.K. T2 - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/s12010-015-1606-2 VL - 176 IS - 3 SP - 712-729 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84937812996&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Lipocalin 2 KW - Physicochemical characterization KW - Protein-protein association KW - Matrix metalloproteinase 9 KW - Lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 KW - Docking ER - TY - BOOK TI - Book review: Seizures in Dogs and Cats AU - Muñana, K.R. AU - Sanders, S DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 247 SE - 619–620 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 62 Feeding practices and nutrient intakes among elite show jumpers AU - Pratt-Phillips, S.E. T2 - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science AB - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder mainly caused by defects in the steroid 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21A2). Most of CYP21A2 mutations result from intergenic recombinations between CYP21A2 and closely linked CYP21A1P pseudogene. Rare mutations not generated by gene conversion account for 5–10% of 21-hydroxylase deficiency alleles. Intronic variants represent only a little part of these but their effect on the protein is generally deleterious. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literary review regarding all intronic CYP21A2 pathological variants reported to date. In addition, we describe three novel causing disease variants in our patients affected by the classic form of CAH: IVS4-1G > A, IVS5-8 T > A, IVS8-2A > G. In silico analysis revealed that all these substitutions affect the splicing process leading to a non-functional protein. Based on these results, we are able to classify them as pathological variants according to the patient's phenotype. DA - 2015/5// PY - 2015/5// DO - 10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.03.072 VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 410 J2 - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science LA - en OP - SN - 0737-0806 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.03.072 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - 123 Effect of sward height on grazing preference and pasture NSC concentration AU - Siciliano, P.D. T2 - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science AB - Despite gaining popularity and success in many modeling applications, Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression continues to provide challenges in the evaluation of important variables. This article describes the relationship between the regression coefficients and orthogonally decomposed variances in PLS. The relation between prediction, model interpretation, and important variable determination is described using the theory of the basic sequence presented here as a special case of the famous Krylov sequence (or the power method).Variable selection methods e.g. Selectivity Ratio (SR) and Variable Importance in the Projection (VIP) are also described in this framework. We show that the interpretation can be affected by unnecessary rotation toward the main source of variance in the X-block. Significance Multivariate Correlation (sMC) is developed using the knowledge obtained from the basic sequence to minimize the effect of irrelevant X-structures. Simultaneously sMC highlights the variables most correlated to the response. The performance of sMC is demonstrated, using simulated and real datasets, against commonly used variable selection methods, such as the Variable Importance in the Projection and Selectivity Ratio. DA - 2015/5// PY - 2015/5// DO - 10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.03.134 VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 435 J2 - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science LA - en OP - SN - 0737-0806 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.03.134 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Differentiation dynamics of mammary epithelial stem cells from Korean holstein dairy cattle under ECM-free conditions AU - Sharma, Neelesh AU - Kim, Jeong Hyun AU - Sodhi, Simrinder Singh AU - Luong, Do Huynh AU - Kim, Sung-Woo AU - Oh, Sung Jong AU - Jeong, Dong Kee T2 - Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics AB - The "stem cells" are commonly defined as "cells capable of self-renewal through replication and differentiating into specific lineages". The mammary gland contains functional stem/progenitor cells. The current study was planned with the objectives to study the differentiation dynamics of Korean Holstein mammary epithelial stem cells (KHMESCs) under the optimum culture conditions. Lineage negative KHMESCs isolated from mammary tissue of lactating cows have shown the typical differentiation dynamics with formation of lobulo-alveolar structures in in vitro culture. This suggests the existence of bipotential mammary epithelial stem cells in the mammary gland. The strong mRNA expression of pluripotency factors indicates stemness, whereas expression of milk protein genes and epithelial cell-specific gene indicate their differentiation capabilities. Further, immunostaining results have shown the differentiation capabilities of KHMESCs into both luminal and basal lineages under the extracellular matrix (ECM, matrigel) free environment. However, under matrigel, the differentiation process was comparatively higher than without matrigel. Immunostaining results also suggested that differentiated cells could secrete milk proteins such as β-casein. To our knowledge, these data represent the first report on the differentiation dynamics and establishment of mammary epithelial stem cells from Korean Holstein with typical stemness properties. It was observed that isolated KHMESCs had normal morphology, growth pattern, differentiation ability, cytogenetic and secretory activity even without ECM. Therefore, it is concluded that established KHMESCs could be used for further studies on Korean Holstein dairy cows related to lactation studies, as non-GMO animal bioreactors and stem cell-based management of bovine mastitis including post-mastitis damage. DA - 2015/3/11/ PY - 2015/3/11/ DO - 10.1080/07391102.2014.1003197 VL - 33 IS - 12 SP - 2633-2654 J2 - Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics LA - en OP - SN - 0739-1102 1538-0254 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2014.1003197 DB - Crossref KW - KHMESCs KW - differentiation dynamics KW - luminal cells KW - matrigel KW - myoepithelial cells ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impacts of low level aflatoxin in feed and the use of modified yeast cell wall extract on growth and health of nursery pigs AU - Sun, Yawang AU - Park, Inkyung AU - Guo, Jiyao AU - Weaver, Alexandra C. AU - Kim, Sung Woo T2 - Animal Nutrition AB - This study was to investigate the effect of corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxins (AF) under the regulatory level on the growth performance and health of nursery pigs, and the efficiency of yeast cell wall based feed additive (YC) mainly composed of β-glucans and mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) (Integral A+, Alltech, Lexington, KY) in prevention of mycotoxicosis. Pigs (60 barrows and 60 gilts at 6.02 ± 0.83 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design based on a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 10 pens (5 barrow and 5 gilt pens) per treatment and 3 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed experimental diets for 5 wk. First factor was AF (0 or 20 µg/kg in feed) and the second factor was YC (0 or 2 g/kg in feed). Feed intake and body weight were measured weekly, and blood samples were used to measure blood cell counts, immunoglobulin G (IgG), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), oxidative damage status, and serological evaluation related to liver health. Aflatoxin decreased (P < 0.05) the number of platelet count (247.4 to 193.5 × 103/µL), and it also tended to increase the level of albumin (P = 0.055, 3.46 to 3.63 g/dL), albumin:globulin ratio (P = 0.050, 2.09 to 2.37), and Ca (P = 0.080, 10.79 to 10.97 mg/dL). Yeast cell wall based feed additive increased (P < 0.05) ADG (493 to 524 g/d), and ADFI (796 to 846 g/d) of pigs whereas G:F was not affected, and it also tended to increase (P = 0.055) albumin level (3.46 to 3.63 g/dL). Interactions (P < 0.05) on hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count indicated that YC further increased their levels when pigs were eating AF contaminated feed. Interactions (P < 0.05) on urea nitrogen and blood urea N to creatinine ratio indicated that YC further decreased their levels when feed were contaminated with AF. In conclusion, low level of 20 µg AF/kg under the regulatory level had minor effects on hematology without affecting growth performance, however the supplementation of 2 g/kg YC as a source of β-glucans and MOS in feed can improve feed intake and therefore the growth of pigs. DA - 2015/9// PY - 2015/9// DO - 10.1016/J.ANINU.2015.08.012 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 177-183 J2 - Animal Nutrition LA - en OP - SN - 2405-6545 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.ANINU.2015.08.012 DB - Crossref KW - Aflatoxin KW - beta-glucans KW - Health KW - MOS KW - Nursery pigs modified yeast cell wall extract ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, viscosity of digesta, and intestinal morphology of growing pigs fed corn and soybean meal based diet AU - Passos, Adsos Adami AU - Park, Inkyung AU - Ferket, Peter AU - von Heimendahl, Elke AU - Kim, Sung Woo T2 - Animal Nutrition AB - This study was to determine apparent ileal digestibility of acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), dry matter (DM), energy, organic matter (OM), crude ash, digesta viscosity, and gut morphology in nursery pigs fed diets containing xylanase (Lohmann Animal Nutrition GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany). The diet (61% corn, 35% soybean meal, 1% poultry fat, and 3% minerals and vitamins) was mixed with 3 levels of xylanase (0, 700, and 1400 LXU/kg). Thirty-six barrows (17.6 ± 3.3 kg) received one of 3 treatment diets based on a randomized complete block design with the initial body weight (BW) as a block. Pigs were individually housed and received experimental diets twice daily (0700 and 1700 h) at a fixed amount based on BW of pigs (0.09 × BW0.75 kg). Pigs were fed diets for 10 d, and chromium oxide (0.3%) was added to the diets from d 6 as an indigestible external marker. Pigs were euthanized at the end of d 10 for the collection of digesta and tissues. Jejunal digesta were centrifuged to measure viscosity using a viscometer (Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Stoughton, MA). Diets and freeze-dried ileal digesta were used to measure ADF, NDF, and chromium to calculate apparent ileal digestibility of ADF and NDF. Villus height and crypt depth of jejunum were measured using a microscope (Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH). Data were analyzed using polynomial contrasts in the MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.3 (SAS Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Morphological measurements and ileal ADF digestibility were not affected by increasing xylanase. However, increasing xylanase supplementation from 0 to 1400 LXU/kg enhanced ileal digestibility of NDF (P < 0.042, linear) from 27.9 to 40.3%, DM (P < 0.006, linear) from 55.4 to 64.6%, OM (P < 0.006, linear) from 59.2 to 67.7%, and energy (P < 0.003, linear) from 58.8 to 68.0%. Viscosity of jejunal digesta decreased (P < 0.023) in a non-linear manner from 2.9 to 2.5 centipoises (cP). In conclusion, the usage of xylanase in corn and soybean meal based pig diets linearly enhanced digestibility of nutrients and affected viscosity of digesta in a non-linear manner. DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// DO - 10.1016/J.ANINU.2015.02.006 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 19-23 J2 - Animal Nutrition LA - en OP - SN - 2405-6545 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.ANINU.2015.02.006 DB - Crossref KW - Digestibility KW - Pigs KW - Viscosity KW - Xylanase ER - TY - CHAP TI - Nystagmus AU - Muñana, K.R. T2 - Blackwell's 5-Minute Veterinary Consult, Canine and Feline A2 - Tilley, L.P. A2 - Smith, F.W.K. PY - 2015/// ET - 6th SP - 957–958 PB - Wiley-Blackwell ER - TY - CHAP TI - Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome AU - Muñana, K.R. T2 - Blackwell's 5-Minute Veterinary Consult, Canine and Feline A2 - Tilley, L. P. A2 - Smith, F. W. K. PY - 2015/// ET - 6th SP - 497 PB - Wiley-Blackwell ER - TY - JOUR TI - Select nutrients and their effects on conceptus development in mammals AU - Bazer, Fuller W. AU - Wang, Xiaoqiu AU - Johnson, Greg A. AU - Wu, Guoyao T2 - Animal Nutrition AB - The dialogue between the mammalian conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated membranes) involves signaling for pregnancy recognition and maintenance of pregnancy during the critical peri-implantation period of pregnancy when the stage is set for implantation and placentation that precedes fetal development. Uterine epithelial cells secrete and/or transport a wide range of molecules, including nutrients, collectively referred to as histotroph that are transported into the fetal-placental vascular system to support growth and development of the conceptus. The availability of uterine-derived histotroph has long-term consequences for the health and well-being of the fetus and the prevention of adult onset of metabolic diseases. Histotroph includes numerous amino acids, but arginine plays a particularly important role as a source of nitric oxide and polyamines required for fetal-placental development in rodents, swine and humans through mechanisms that remain to be fully elucidated. Mechanisms whereby arginine regulates expression of genes via the mechanistic target of rapamycin cell signaling pathways critical to conceptus development, implantation and placentation are discussed in detail in this review. DA - 2015/9// PY - 2015/9// DO - 10.1016/j.aninu.2015.07.005 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 85-95 J2 - Animal Nutrition LA - en OP - SN - 2405-6545 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2015.07.005 DB - Crossref KW - Amino acids KW - Secreted phosphoprotein 1 KW - Pregnancy KW - Interferon tau KW - Conceptus development KW - Trophectoderm ER - TY - JOUR TI - Uterine Histotroph and Conceptus Development. I. Cooperative Effects of Arginine and Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 on Proliferation of Ovine Trophectoderm Cells via Activation of the PDK1-Akt/PKB-TSC2-MTORC1 Signaling Cascade AU - Wang, Xiaoqiu AU - Johnson, Greg A. AU - Burghardt, Robert C. AU - Wu, Guoyao AU - Bazer, Fuller W. T2 - Biology of Reproduction AB - The greatest limitation to reproductive performance in most mammals, including humans, is embryonic mortality, which, in general, claims 20%–40% of the embryos during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Both arginine and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) are multifunctional molecules that increase significantly in ovine uterine histotroph during early pregnancy. However, little is known about the relationship and underlying mechanisms for synergistic effects of arginine and SPP1, if any, on conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes) development. Therefore, we conducted in vitro experiments using our established ovine trophectoderm cell line (oTr1) isolated from Day 15 ovine conceptuses to determine their proliferative response to individual and synergistic effects of arginine and recombinant SPP1 (rSPP1) that contains an RGD binding sequence. At physiological concentrations, arginine (0.2 mM) stimulated oTr1 cell proliferation 1.7-fold (P < 0.05) at 48 h, whereas rSPP1 (10 ng/ml) had no such effect. However, an additive effect on oTr1 cell proliferation was induced by combination of arginine and SPP1 as compared to the control (2.1-fold increase; P < 0.01), arginine alone (1.3-fold increase; P < 0.05), and rSPP1 alone (1.5-fold increase; P < 0.01). This additive effect was mediated through cooperative activation of the PDK1-Akt/PKB-TSC2-MTORC1 cell signaling cascade. Collectively, results suggest that arginine and SPP1 in histotroph act cooperatively to enhance survival, growth, and development of ovine conceptuses. DA - 2015/2/1/ PY - 2015/2/1/ DO - 10.1095/biolreprod.114.125971 VL - 92 IS - 2 SN - 0006-3363 1529-7268 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.114.125971 KW - arginine KW - MTORC1 KW - sheep KW - SPP1 KW - trophectoderm ER - TY - JOUR TI - Functional Roles of Arginine During the Peri-Implantation Period of Pregnancy. III. Arginine Stimulates Proliferation and Interferon Tau Production by Ovine Trophectoderm Cells via Nitric Oxide and Polyamine-TSC2-MTOR Signaling Pathways AU - Wang, Xiaoqiu AU - Burghardt, Robert C. AU - Romero, Jared J. AU - Hansen, Thomas R. AU - Wu, Guoyao AU - Bazer, Fuller W. T2 - Biology of Reproduction AB - In mammal species, arginine is a multifunctional amino acid required for survival, growth, and development of conceptuses (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes) during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. However, functional roles of arginine with respect to it being a substrate for production of nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines on trophectoderm cell proliferation and function remain largely unknown. To systematically assess roles of arginine in conceptus development and its effect on interferon tau (IFNT) production for pregnancy recognition signaling in ruminants, an established ovine trophectoderm (oTr1) cell line isolated from Day-15 ovine conceptuses were used to determine their response to arginine, putrescine, and NO donors, as well as their associated inhibitors. Arginine at physiological concentration (0.2 mM) stimulated maximum oTr cell proliferation (increased 2.0-fold at 48 h and 2.6-fold at 96 h; P < 0.05), stimulated IFNT production (IFNT/cell increased 3.1-fold; P < 0.05), and increased total protein per cell by more than 1.5-fold (P < 0.05). It also increased phosphorylated tuberous sclerosis protein (p-TSC2) and phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) abundance by more than 2.7- and 4.3-fold (P < 0.0001) after long-term incubation, respectively. When Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; NO synthase inhibitor), DL-α-difluoromethylornithine hydrochloride hydrate (DFMO; ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor), and the combination (L-NAME + DFMO) were added, the effects of arginine on cell proliferation was reduced by 10.7%, 16.1%, and 22.3% (P < 0.05) at 48 h, and 15.3%, 27.2%, and 39.1% (P < 0.05) at 96 h of incubation, respectively, but values remained 1.5-fold higher (P < 0.05) than for the arginine-free control, which suggests that arginine, per se, serves as a growth factor. Both putrescine and NO stimulate cell proliferation via activation of the TSC2-MTOR signaling cascade, whereas only putrescine increased IFNT production. Collectively, our results indicate that arginine is essential for oTr1 cell proliferation and IFNT production via the NO/polyamine-TSC2-MTOR signaling pathways, particularly the pathway involving polyamine biosynthesis. DA - 2015/3/1/ PY - 2015/3/1/ DO - 10.1095/biolreprod.114.125989 VL - 92 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3363 1529-7268 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.114.125989 KW - arginine KW - interferon tau KW - mechanistic target of rapamycin KW - trophectoderm KW - tuberous sclerosis protein 2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The many faces of interferon tau AU - Bazer, Fuller W. AU - Ying, Wei AU - Wang, Xiaoqiu AU - Dunlap, Kathrin A. AU - Zhou, Beiyan AU - Johnson, Greg A. AU - Wu, Guoyao T2 - Amino Acids DA - 2015/1/4/ PY - 2015/1/4/ DO - 10.1007/s00726-014-1905-x VL - 47 IS - 3 SP - 449-460 J2 - Amino Acids LA - en OP - SN - 0939-4451 1438-2199 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-014-1905-x DB - Crossref KW - Uterus KW - Amino acids KW - Proteins KW - Pregnancy KW - Uteroferrin KW - Interferon tau ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exosomes, endogenous retroviruses and toll-like receptors: pregnancy recognition in ewes AU - Ruiz-González, Irene AU - Xu, Jing AU - Wang, Xiaoqiu AU - Burghardt, Robert C AU - Dunlap, Kathrin A AU - Bazer, Fuller W T2 - REPRODUCTION AB - Conceptus-endometrial communication during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy ensures establishment of pregnancy. We hypothesized that this dialog involves exosomes, ovine endogenous jaagsiekte retroviruses (enJSRV) and toll-like receptors (TLR) which regulate the secretion of interferon tau (IFNT), the pregnancy recognition signal in ruminants. First, exosomes isolated from uterine flushings from cyclic and pregnant ewes were analyzed for exosomal content and uterine expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSC70). Then, conceptus trophectoderm cells (oTr1) treated with different doses of exosomes were analyzed for the expression of genes involved in TLR-mediated cell signaling. The results revealed that exosomes contain mRNAs for enJSRV-ENV, HSC70, interleukins, and interferon (IFN)-regulatory factors. Exosomal content of enJSRV-ENV mRNA and protein decreased from days 10 and 12 to day 16 of gestation, and uterine expression of HSC70 increased in pregnant ewes compared with cyclic ewes. The oTr1 cells proliferated and secreted IFNT in a dose-dependent manner in response to exosomes from cyclic ewes. The expression of CD14, CD68, IRAK1, TRAF6, IRF6, and IRF7 mRNAs that are key to TLR-mediated expression of type 1 IFNs was significantly influenced by day of pregnancy. This study demonstrated that exosomes are liberated into the uterine lumen during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy; however, in pregnant ewes, exosomes stimulate trophectoderm cells to proliferate and secrete IFNT coordinately with regulation of TLR-mediated cell signaling. These results support our hypothesis that free and/or exosomal enJSRV act on the trophectoderm via TLR to induce the secretion of IFNT in a manner similar to that for innate immune responses of macrophages and plasmacytoid dendritic cells to viral pathogens. DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// DO - 10.1530/rep-14-0538 VL - 149 IS - 3 SP - 281-291 OP - SN - 1470-1626 1741-7899 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-14-0538 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Involvement of TLR7 and TLR8 in conceptus development and establishment of pregnancy in sheep AU - Ruiz-González, Irene AU - Minten, Megan AU - Wang, Xiaoqiu AU - Dunlap, Kathrin A AU - Bazer, Fuller W T2 - REPRODUCTION AB - Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to the innate immune system and regulate inflammatory events that affect mammalian reproduction. In Study 1, we demonstrated that abundance of ovine TLR1 – TLR9 mRNAs in the uterus differs due to reproductive status ( TLR2 , TLR3 , TLR7 , and TLR8 ) and the day of the estrous cycle and pregnancy ( TLR1 – TLR3 , TLR5 – TLR7 , and TLR9 ). Expression of TLR7 and TLR8 proteins was localized primarily to uterine epithelia and stroma and regulated in a temporal manner. In Study 2, we determined that ovine conceptuses express TLR7 and TLR8 on all days studied and that expression of the envelope protein of ovine endogenous retrovirus (enJSRV- Env ) declined in conceptus trophectoderm from Day 13 to Day 16 of pregnancy. In Study 3, loss-of-function experiments were conducted in vivo using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (MAOs) injected into the uterine lumen to block synthesis of TLR7 and TLR8 proteins, individually and jointly. Conceptuses were recovered on Day 16 to assess their morphology. MAO-treated conceptuses were developmentally retarded, produced less interferon tau (IFNT), and had fewer binucleate cells (BNCs) compared with MAO-Controls. Moreover, expression of enJSRV- Env mRNA in MAO- TLR7 conceptuses was greater than that for MAO-Control and MAO- TLR8 conceptuses, but similar to MAO- TLR7 / TLR8 conceptuses. Results of this study indicated differences in TLR1 – TLR9 expression due to reproductive status and the day of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. TLR7 and TLR8 also influence development, enJSRV- Env abundance, secretion of IFNT, and formation of BNCs by conceptuses. These findings corroborate our hypothesis that TLR7 and TLR8 mediate pathways whereby enJSRV- Env regulates key peri-implantation events in conceptus development and differentiated functions of trophectoderm cells. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1530/rep-14-0537 VL - 149 IS - 4 SP - 305-316 OP - SN - 1470-1626 1741-7899 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-14-0537 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - 76 Validation of a human double-antibody radioimmunoassay kit for measuring equine C-peptide AU - Goertzen, E.W. AU - Lloyd, K.E. AU - Spears, J.W. AU - Siciliano, P.M. AU - Pratt-Phillips, S.E. T2 - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science AB - Detecting user context with high accuracy using smartphone sensors is a difficult task. A key challenge is dealing with the impact of different smartphone positions on sensor values. Users carry their smartphones in different positions such as holding in their hand or keeping inside their pants or jacket pocket, and each of these smartphone positions affects various sensor values in different ways. This paper addresses the issue of poor accuracy in detecting user context due to varying smartphone positions. It describes the design and prototype development of a smartphone position discovery service that accurately detects a smartphone position, and then demonstrates that the accuracy of an existing context aware application is significantly enhanced when run in conjunction with this proposed smartphone position discovery service. DA - 2015/5// PY - 2015/5// DO - 10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.03.086 VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 416 J2 - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science LA - en OP - SN - 0737-0806 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.03.086 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - 108 Effect of pasture sward height on blood glucose and insulin profiles in grazing horses AU - Siciliano, P.D. AU - Gill, J.C. T2 - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science AB - Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] often benefits in terms of productivity and persistence when infected with Neotyphodium coenophialum ([Morgan-Jones and Gams], Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin) endophyte, but the influence of novel non-ergogenic endophytes is unclear. We conducted a field experiment using container-grown tall fescue plants to determine how plants allocated resources when clipped repeatedly in microsites differing in the amount of available light associated with open (full sun), and partially shaded (about 20 or 40% of full sun) conditions. Plants of the same tall fescue cultivar (Jesup) were host to either a native or novel non-ergogenic fungal endophyte (MaxQ™), or were devoid of endophyte. Seedlings of plants infected with the novel endophyte had slower germination, germinated later, and allocated more photosynthate to shoots than roots, when compared to J− or J+ plants. Herbage production of undisturbed canopies was not influenced by host–endophyte association within a microsite, with more herbage produced at the open than at the heavily shaded site. Clipping plants to a 5- or a 10-cm residue height tended to accentuate differences, with diminished productivity and greater variability occurring when plants were maintained at 5 cm. This trend was supported by allometric resource allocation patterns, and in terms of vegetative propagule mass relative to the number of propagules. Tall fescue, irrespective of host–endophyte association, grown as forage in silvopastoral situations should be managed to maintain no less than a 10-cm residual plant height. Trends in photosynthate allocation and plant size might influence persistence and should be investigated for more than two growing seasons. DA - 2015/5// PY - 2015/5// DO - 10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.03.119 VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 429 J2 - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science LA - en OP - SN - 0737-0806 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.03.119 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - 52 Digestible energy intakes of thirty-five horses over a 42-d period AU - Gill, J.C. AU - Lloyd, K.E. AU - Hastings, M.A. AU - Siciliano, P.D. AU - Pratt-Phillips, S.E. T2 - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science AB - As a unique species of equine, the donkey has certain specific variations from the horse. This review highlights the origins of the donkey and how this impacts on its behavior, physiology, and propensity to disease. The donkey is less of a flight animal and has been used by humans for pack and draught work, in areas where their ability to survive poorer diets, and transboundary disease while masking overt signs of pain and distress has made them indispensable to human livelihoods. When living as a companion animal, however, the donkey easily accumulates adipose tissue, and this may create a metabolically compromised individual prone to diseases of excess such as laminitis and hyperlipemia. They show anatomic variations from the horse especially in the hoof, upper airway, and their conformation. Variations in physiology lead to differences in the metabolism and distribution of many drugs. With over 44 million donkeys worldwide, it is important that veterinarians have the ability to understand and treat this equid effectively. DA - 2015/5// PY - 2015/5// DO - 10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.03.062 VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 406 J2 - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science LA - en OP - SN - 0737-0806 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.03.062 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - 48 Effect of dietary chromium propionate on plasma C-peptide concentrations of Quarter Horse geldings AU - Goertzen, E.W. AU - Lloyd, K.E. AU - Spears, J.W. AU - Siciliano, P.M. AU - Pratt-Phillips, S.E. T2 - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science AB - Describing the effects of a carbohydrate-rich diet (CRD) on Haflingers with R309 H glycogensynthase 1 (GYS1) mutation. Haflinger mares heterozygous positive (polysaccharide storage myopathy [PSSM] type 1, n = 7) and negative (control, n = 7) for GYS1 mutation received 6 weeks of CRD and hay only (hay), with a wash out period of two. Each diet was followed by oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT), submaximal treadmill exercise test (STET), and biopsies of semitendinosus (STm) and gluteus medius (GMm) muscles. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by oGTT. Plasma creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lactate were measured before and after STET. Semitendinosus and GMm biopsies were evaluated for distribution of fiber types (1, 2A, and 2X), chronic myopathic changes, and complex Periodic Acid Schiff (cPAS) positive amylase resistant inclusions. One Haflinger of control group had cPAS inclusions indicating PSSM type 2; therefore, it was excluded. In PSSM1 horses, cPAS were found in every STm sample, and in 10 of 14 GMm samples, furthermore, STm samples showed a greater total myopathy score and significantly more type 2A and fewer type 2X fibers compared with controls. There were no significant differences between groups regarding enzyme levels and for oGTT. Diet had no effect on muscle enzyme levels after STET and on cPAS inclusions in PSSM1 group. Glycogensynthase 1 mutation in Haflingers was not accompanied by clinical signs, even after STET. Carbohydrate-rich diet for 6 weeks did not induce clinical signs or increase cPAS inclusions. As PSSM type 2 is a possibility in Haflingers, STm muscle biopsy and cPAS evaluation should be performed if GYS1 gene test is negative. DA - 2015/5// PY - 2015/5// DO - 10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.03.058 VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 404 J2 - Journal of Equine Veterinary Science LA - en OP - SN - 0737-0806 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.03.058 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of gene networks underlying dystocia in dairy cattle AU - Arceo, Maria AU - Tiezzi, Francesco AU - Cole, John AU - Maltecca, Christian T2 - Journal of Dairy Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 98 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Accounting for genotype by environment interaction in genomic predictions for US Holstein dairy cattle. AU - Tiezzi, Francesco AU - Gaddis, Kristen Parker AU - Clay, John S AU - Maltecca, Christian T2 - Interbull Bulletin DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// IS - 49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genomic selection for hoof lesions in first-parity US Holsteins AU - Dhakal, K AU - Tiezzi, F AU - Clay, JS AU - Maltecca, C T2 - Journal of dairy science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 98 IS - 5 SP - 3502-3507 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of maternal dietary manganese and incubation temperature on hatchability, antioxidant status, and expression of heat shock proteins in chick embryos AU - Zhu, Y.W. AU - Lu, L. AU - Li, W.X. AU - Zhang, L.Y. AU - Ji, C. AU - Lin, X. AU - Liu, H.C. AU - Odle, J. AU - Luo, X.G. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.2527/jas2015-9610 VL - 93 IS - 12 SP - 5725-5734 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84975886024&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of dietary lipids on sow milk composition and balance of essential fatty acids during lactation in prolific sows AU - Rosero, D.S. AU - Odle, J. AU - Mendoza, S.M. AU - Boyd, R.D. AU - Fellner, V. AU - Heugten, E. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.2527/jas2014-8529 VL - 93 IS - 6 SP - 2935-2947 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84971401700&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of environmental temperature and dietary manganese on egg production performance, egg quality, and some plasma biochemical traits of broiler breeders AU - Zhu, Y.W. AU - Xie, J.J. AU - Li, W.X. AU - Lu, L. AU - Zhang, L.Y. AU - Ji, C. AU - Lin, X. AU - Liu, H.C. AU - Odle, J. AU - Luo, X.G. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.2527/jas2015-8956 VL - 93 IS - 7 SP - 3431-3440 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84975763574&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nutritional impact of dietary plasma proteins in animals undergoing experimental challenge and implications for patients with inflammatory bowel disorders: A meta-analysis AU - Kuchibhatla, R. AU - Petschow, B.W. AU - Odle, J. AU - Weaver, E.M. T2 - Advances in Nutrition DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 6 IS - 5 SP - 541-551 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84953398079&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of prediction equations to estimate the apparent digestible energy content of lipids when fed to lactating sows AU - Rosero, D.S. AU - Odle, J. AU - Arellano, C. AU - Boyd, R.D. AU - Heugten, E. T2 - Journal of Animal Science DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.2527/jas2014-8402 VL - 93 IS - 3 SP - 1165-1176 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84973322965&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Extract of Ginkgo Biloba Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and High-Fat Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mice AU - Rhee, Ki-Jong AU - Lee, Chang Gun AU - Kim, Sung Woo AU - Gim, Dong-Hyeon AU - Kim, Hyun-Cheol AU - Jung, Bae Dong T2 - International Journal of Medical Sciences AB - Diabetes mellitus (DM) is caused by either destruction of pancreatic β-cells (type 1 DM) or unresponsiveness to insulin (type 2 DM). Conventional therapies for diabetes mellitus have been developed but still needs improvement. Many diabetic patients have complemented conventional therapy with alternative methods including oral supplementation of natural products. In this study, we assessed whether Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) 761 could provide beneficial effects in the streptozotocin-induced type 1 DM and high-fat diet-induced type 2 DM murine model system. For the type 1 DM model, streptozotocin-induced mice were orally administered EGb 761 for 10 days prior to streptozotocin injection and then again administered EGb 761 for an additional 10 days. Streptozotocin-treated mice administered EGb 761 exhibited lower blood triglyceride levels, lower blood glucose levels and higher blood insulin levels compared to streptozotocin-treated mice. Furthermore, liver LPL and liver PPAR-α were increased whereas IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased in streptozotocin-injected mice treated with EGb 761 compared to mice injected with streptozotocin alone. For the type 2 DM model, mice were given high-fat diet for 60 days and then orally administered EGb 761 every other day for 80 days. We found that mice given a high-fat diet and EGb 761 showed decreased blood triglyceride levels, increased liver LPL, increased liver PPAR-α and decreased body weight compared to mice given high-fat diet alone. These results suggest that EGb 761 can exert protective effects in both type 1 and type 2 DM murine models. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.7150/ijms.13339 VL - 12 IS - 12 SP - 987-994 J2 - Int. J. Med. Sci. LA - en OP - SN - 1449-1907 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijms.13339 DB - Crossref KW - diabetes mellitus KW - extract of Gingko biloba KW - streptozotocin KW - high-fat diet ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variance component estimates for alternative litter size traits in swine AU - Putz, A. M. AU - Tiezzi, F. AU - Maltecca, C. AU - Gray, K. A. AU - Knauer, M. T. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - Litter size at d 5 (LS5) has been shown to be an effective trait to increase total number born (TNB) while simultaneously decreasing preweaning mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal litter size day for selection (i.e., other than d 5). Traits included TNB, number born alive (NBA), litter size at d 2, 5, 10, 30 (LS2, LS5, LS10, LS30, respectively), litter size at weaning (LSW), number weaned (NW), piglet mortality at d 30 (MortD30), and average piglet birth weight (BirthWt). Litter size traits were assigned to biological litters and treated as a trait of the sow. In contrast, NW was the number of piglets weaned by the nurse dam. Bivariate animal models included farm, year-season, and parity as fixed effects. Number born alive was fit as a covariate for BirthWt. Random effects included additive genetics and the permanent environment of the sow. Variance components were plotted for TNB, NBA, and LS2 to LS30 using univariate animal models to determine how variances changed over time. Additive genetic variance was minimized at d 7 in Large White and at d 14 in Landrace pigs. Total phenotypic variance for litter size traits decreased over the first 10 d and then stabilized. Heritability estimates increased between TNB and LS30. Genetic correlations between TNB, NBA, and LS2 to LS29 with LS30 plateaued within the first 10 d. A genetic correlation with LS30 of 0.95 was reached at d 4 for Large White and at d 8 for Landrace pigs. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.07 to 0.13 for litter size traits and MortD30. Birth weight had an h of 0.24 and 0.26 for Large White and Landrace pigs, respectively. Genetic correlations among LS30, LSW, and NW ranged from 0.97 to 1.00. In the Large White breed, genetic correlations between MortD30 with TNB and LS30 were 0.23 and -0.64, respectively. These correlations were 0.10 and -0.61 in the Landrace breed. A high genetic correlation of 0.98 and 0.97 was observed between LS10 and NW for Large White and Landrace breeds, respectively. This would indicate that NW could possibly be used as an effective maternal trait, given a low level of cross-fostering, to avoid back calculating litter size traits from piglet records. Litter size at d 10 would be a compromise between gain in litter size at weaning and minimizing the potentially negative effects of the nurse dam and direct additive genetics of the piglets, as they are expected to increase throughout lactation. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.2527/jas.2015-9416 VL - 93 IS - 11 SP - 5153-5163 SN - 1525-3163 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84975508749&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - birth weight KW - genetic correlation KW - litter size at d 5 KW - piglet survival ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy of a supplemental candy coproduct as an alternative carbohydrate source to lactose on growth performance of newly weaned pigs in a commercial farm condition AU - Guo, J. Y. AU - Phillips, C. E. AU - Coffey, M. T. AU - Kim, S. W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science AB - The experiment investigated the effects of a supplemental candy coproduct (Chocolate Candy Feed [CCF]; International Ingredient Corp., St. Louis, MO), an alternative carbohydrate source to dietary lactose, on growth performance and on health status of nursery pigs. Crossbred pigs ( = 1,408; 21 d of age and 7.1 ± 0.3 kg BW; Smithfield Premium Genetics, Rose Hill, NC) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments (16 pens/treatment and 22 pigs/pen) in a randomized complete block design: 0, 15, 30, and 45% of lactose replaced by CCF based on equal amounts of total sugars. The experimental period was divided into 3 phases: phase I (1.8 kg diet/pig for 11 ± 1 d), phase II (6.8 kg diet/pig for 17 ± 2 d), and phase III (until 49 d after weaning). Pigs received a common phase III diet. The levels of lactose, supplied by whey permeate (79.3 ± 0.8% lactose), were 20, 8, and 0% in phase I, II, and III, respectively. All experimental diets contained the same levels of essential AA and energy (ME) for each phase. Fecal scores were observed on d 5, 7, and 9 after weaning. Blood samples were taken at the end of phase I and II to measure blood urea N. The duration of phase I tended to linearly decrease ( = 0.063) with increasing CCF. In phase I, the ADFI increased ( < 0.05) with increasing CCF whereas ADG and G:F did not change. In phase II, the duration and ADFI did not change whereas ADG linearly decreased ( < 0.05) with increasing CCF. However, the G:F was not changed as CCF increased. During phase I and II together, the duration was linearly decreased ( < 0.05) as CCF increased, whereas no difference in growth performance was observed. Overall, ADFI, ADG, and G:F were not affected by replacing whey permeate with CCF in diets, indicating no adverse effects of a candy coproduct as a carbohydrate substitute to lactose on growth performance of nursery pigs. Blood urea N did not change in phase I but tended to linearly increase ( = 0.088) in phase II as CCF increased. There were no differences in fecal scores and mortality as CCF increased. However, increasing CCF tended to linearly decrease ( = 0.083) morbidity, which implies no adverse effects of a candy coproduct replacement on health status of nursery pigs. In conclusion, a candy coproduct can be used to replace up to 45% of dietary lactose for nursery pigs without negative effects on growth performance or health status. A candy coproduct could be an economical alternative to partly replace the use of lactose in swine production. DA - 2015/11/1/ PY - 2015/11/1/ DO - 10.2527/jas.2015-9328 VL - 93 IS - 11 SP - 5304-5312 LA - en OP - SN - 0021-8812 1525-3163 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-9328 DB - Crossref KW - candy coproduct KW - growth performance KW - lactose KW - nursery pigs ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of maternal dietary manganese and incubation temperature on hatchability, antioxidant status, and expression of heat shock proteins in chick embryos AU - Zhu, Y. W. AU - Lu, L. AU - Li, W. X. AU - Zhang, L. Y. AU - Ji, C. AU - Lin, X. AU - Liu, H. C. AU - Odle, J. AU - Luo, X. G. T2 - Journal of Animal Science AB - To investigate whether supplementing manganese (Mn) to the maternal diet could reduce the deleterious effect of heat stress on the developing embryo, the hatchability, antioxidant status, and expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) were evaluated in chick embryos under normal and high incubation temperatures. A completely randomized design (n = 6) with 2 maternal dietary Mn treatments (unsupplemented control basal diet versus the basal diet + 120 mg Mn/kg as inorganic Mn) × 2 incubation temperatures (normal, 37.8°C, versus high, 39.0°C) was used. High incubation temperature did not affect (P > 0.19) hatchability and embryo mortality and development but did increase (P < 0.05) activities of heart manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and liver copper zinc superoxide dismutase and liver MnSOD mRNA and protein levels in embryos. High incubation temperature also decreased (P < 0.003) HSP70 protein level in the heart but had no effects (P > 0.07) in the liver of embryos. Maternal diet with Mn supplementation not only increased (P < 0.05) the hatchability and Mn content (P < 0.001) in the yolk and embryonic tissues and the activity of MnSOD in the heart (P < 0.004) as well as relative liver weight (P < 0.05) under normal incubation temperature but also decreased (P ≤ 0.05) embryo mortality and HSP90 mRNA level in the liver and heart of embryos. Furthermore, under high incubation temperature, maternal diet Mn supplementation increased (P < 0.002) MnSOD protein expression in the liver of embryos but had no effect (P > 0.43) under normal incubation temperature. These results indicated that high incubation temperature induced self-protective responses of chick embryos with a modification of antioxidant status and a depression of HSP70 protein level. Maternal dietary supplementation of Mn could improve the hatchability as well as antioxidant ability to protect against heat challenge in embryos during incubation. DA - 2015/12/1/ PY - 2015/12/1/ DO - 10.2527/jas.2015-9610 VL - 93 IS - 12 SP - 5725–5734 SN - 0021-8812 1525-3163 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-9610 KW - antioxidant status KW - chick embryo KW - heat shock protein KW - incubation temperatures KW - manganese ER - TY - JOUR TI - Decreasing the frequency of energy supplementation from daily to three times weekly impairs growth and humoral immune response of preconditioning beef steers AU - Artioli, L. F. A. AU - Moriel, P. AU - Poore, M. H. AU - Marques, R. S. AU - Cooke, R. F. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - We evaluated the effects of frequency of energy supplementation on growth and measurements of innate and humoral immune responses of preconditioning beef steers following vaccination. Angus steers ( = 24; 221 ± 6.3 kg; 177 ± 4 d of age) were weaned on d -7 and kept in a single drylot pen with free access to tall fescue hay and concentrate DMI at 0.5% of BW (50:50 mix of soyhulls and corn gluten pellets; DM basis) from d -7 to 0. On d 0, steers were stratified by BW and age and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 feedlot pens (3 steers/pen). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens (4 pens/treatment) and consisted of steers provided daily free access to ground tall fescue hay and similar weekly concentrate DMI (1% of BW times 7 d), which was divided and offered either daily (S7) or 3 times weekly (S3; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) from d 0 to 42. Individual BW was measured before feeding on d 0 and 42, after 12 h of feed and water withdrawal. Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and clostridium on d 7 and 21. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d -7 and 4 h after concentrate supplementation on d 0, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 35, and 42. Steers offered concentrate daily had greater ( ≤ 0.02) BW on d 42, overall ADG, and total DMI, but similar ( = 0.14) G:F, than S3 steers. On days that S7 and S3 steers were offered concentrate, total DMI was greater and hay DMI was less for S3 vs. S7 steers ( ≤ 0.05). On days that only S7 steers were supplemented, hay DMI was greater, but total DMI was less for S3 vs. S7 steers ( ≤ 0.05). Mean CP and NEg intake were greater ( ≤ 0.03) for S7 vs. S3 steers. Plasma cortisol concentrations on d 7 and 28, and mean plasma haptoglobin concentrations, but not liver mRNA expression of haptoglobin ( = 0.75), were greater for S3 vs. S7 steers ( ≤ 0.03). Plasma IGF-1 concentrations on d 0 and urea nitrogen on d 1 and 3, relative to vaccination, were greater for S7 vs. S3 steers ( ≤ 0.008). Positive seroconversion to BVDV-1b on d 42 and mean serum BVDV-1b titers were greater for S7 vs. S3 steers ( ≤ 0.05). In summary, decreasing the frequency of concentrate supplementation from daily to three times weekly, during a 42-d preconditioning period, decreased growth performance, increased plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and cortisol, and decreased vaccine-induced antibody production against BVDV-1b of beef steers. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.2527/jas.2015-9457 VL - 93 IS - 11 SP - 5430-5441 SN - 1525-3163 KW - humoral immune KW - innate KW - preconditioning KW - steers KW - supplementation frequency KW - vaccination ER - TY - JOUR TI - BILL E. KUNKLE INTERDISCIPLINARY BEEF SYMPOSIUM: Tall fescue toxicosis update AU - Scaglia, G. AU - Beck, P. AU - Poore, M. H. AU - Lehmkuhler, J. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - The Bill Kunkle Interdisciplinary Beef Symposium entitled “Tall Fescue Toxicosis Update” was held at the annual meeting of the Southern Section of ASAS on Monday, February 2, 2015, in Atlanta, GA. The purpose of the symposium was to present up-to-date information regarding fescue toxicosis in beef cattle and new information regarding metabolism of ergot alkaloids, as well as to provide an environment for discussion of years of research focusing on how to reduce the negative effects of this syndrome and improve genetic resistance to it. The symposium was comprised of 5 invited presentations, which are briefly discussed below. The symposium began with an invited presentation by R. L. Kallenbach (University of Missouri, Columbia, MO) entitled “Coping with tall fescue toxicosis: Solutions and realities”. During his presentation, Kallenbach gave an overview of the current status of the possible alternatives to reduce the effect of fescue toxicosis in beef cattle with emphasis on agronomic and management practices (Kallenbach, 2015). Testing tall fescue for infection rate is of major importance due to its impact on animal productivity and well-being. Based on these tests published in several scientific journals, it has been concluded that ADG of stocker cattle is reduced 45 g for every 10% increase in endophyte infection and cow conception rates decreased 3.5% for every 10% increase on the pastures infestation rates. DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015/12// DO - 10.2527/jas.2015-9892 VL - 93 IS - 12 SP - 5485-5486 SN - 1525-3163 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A cooperative study on the standardized total-tract digestible phosphorus requirement of twenty-kilogram pigs AU - Adeola, O. AU - Azain, M. J. AU - Carter, S. D. AU - Crenshaw, T. D. AU - Estienne, M. J. AU - Kerr, B. J. AU - Lindemann, M. D. AU - Maxwell, C. V. AU - Miller, P. S. AU - Shannon, M. C. AU - Heugten, E. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - A cooperative study comprising growth performance, bone mineralization, and nutrient balance experiments was conducted at 11 stations to determine the standardized total-tract digestible (STTD) P requirement of 20-kg pigs using broken-line regression analysis. Monocalcium phosphate and limestone were added to a corn–soybean meal–based diet at the expense of cornstarch to establish 6 concentrations of STTD P from 1.54 to 5.15 g/kg in increments of 0.62 g/kg at a constant Ca:total P of 1.52:1.0. Diets were fed to 936 pigs (average initial BW of 19 kg) in 240 pens for 20 replicate pens of barrows and 20 replicate pens of gilts per diet. As STTD P increased from 1.54 to 5.15 g/kg of the diet for d 0 to 14, 14 to 28, and 0 to 28, the ADG, ADFI, and G:F increased (P < 0.01). Barrows gained and ate more (P < 0.05) than gilts during d 14 to 28 and 0 to 28. There was no interaction between sex and STTD P concentration for any of the growth performance response criteria. There were both linear and quadratic increases (P < 0.05) in mineral density and content of ash, Ca, and P in the femur expressed as a percentage of dry, fat-free metacarpal as dietary STTD P increased. Furthermore, the maximum load of the femur and mineral density and content and maximum load as well as the Ca and P expressed as a percentage of metacarpal ash linearly increased (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary concentrations of STTD P. There were both linear and quadratic increases (P < 0.01) in apparent digestibility and retention of P with increasing concentrations of STTD P in the diets. Digestibility and retention of Ca linearly (P < 0.01) increased with increasing dietary concentrations of STTD P. Breakpoints determined from nonlinear broken-line regression analyses revealed estimates of 4.20 ± 0.102, 3.20 ± 0.036, or 3.87 ± 0.090 g/kg for ADG during d 0 to 14, 14 to 28, or 0 to 28, respectively. Corresponding estimates using G:F as the response criterion were 4.34 ± 0.146, 3.38 ± 0.139, or 4.08 ± 0.195 g/kg. When mineralization of the femur was used as criteria of response, estimates of STTD P requirement were 4.28, 4.28, or 4.34, g/kg for mineral density, mineral content, or maximum load, respectively. Using mineralization of the metacarpal as criteria of response, estimates of STTD P requirement ranged from 3.5 to 5.0 g/kg depending on the metacarpal response criteria. The study provided empirical estimates of STTD P requirements of 20- to 40-kg pigs. DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015/12// DO - 10.2527/jas.2015-9509 VL - 93 IS - 12 SP - 5743-5753 SN - 1525-3163 KW - phosphorus KW - pigs KW - requirement KW - standardized total-tract digestible ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification and validation of copy number variants in Italian Brown Swiss dairy cattle using Illumina Bovine SNP50 Beadchip (R) AU - Bagnato, A. AU - Strillacci, M. G. AU - Pellegrino, L. AU - Schiavini, F. AU - Frigo, E. AU - Rossoni, A. AU - Fontanesi, L. AU - maltecca, AU - Prinsen, R. T. M. M. AU - Dolezal, M. A. AU - al. T2 - ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - The determination of copy number variation (CNV) is very important for the evaluation of genomic traits in several species because they are a major source for the genetic variation, influencing gene expression, phenotypic variation, adaptation and the development of diseases. The aim of this study was to obtain a CNV genome map using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 BeadChip data of 651 bulls of the Italian Brown Swiss breed. PennCNV and SVS7 (Golden Helix) software were used for the detection of the CNVs and Copy Number Variation Regions (CNVRs). A total of 5,099 and 1,289 CNVs were identified with PennCNV and SVS7 software, respectively. These were grouped at the population level into 1101 (220 losses, 774 gains, 107 complex) and 277 (185 losses, 56 gains and 36 complex) CNVR. Ten of the selected CNVR were experimentally validated with a qPCR experiment. The GO and pathway analyses were conducted and they identified genes (false discovery rate corrected) in the CNVR related to biological processes cellular component, molecular function and metabolic pathways. Among those, we found the FCGR2B , PPARα , KATNAL1 , DNAJC15 , PTK2 , TG , STAT family , NPM1 , GATA2 , LMF1 , ECHS1 genes, already known in literature because of their association with various traits in cattle. Although there is variability in the CNVRs detection across methods and platforms, this study allowed the identification of CNVRs in Italian Brown Swiss, overlapping those already detected in other breeds and finding additional ones, thus producing new knowledge for association studies with traits of interest in cattle. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.4081/ijas.2015.3900 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 552-+ SN - 1828-051X UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84962009420&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - CNV KW - Italian Brown Swiss breed KW - Illumina Bovine SNP50 BeadChip (R) KW - qPCR ER - TY - JOUR TI - International veterinary epilepsy task force consensus proposal: diagnostic approach to epilepsy in dogs AU - De Risio, Luisa AU - Bhatti, Sofie AU - Munana, Karen AU - Penderis, Jacques AU - Stein, Veronika AU - Tipold, Andrea AU - Berendt, Mette AU - Farqhuar, Robyn AU - Fischer, Andrea AU - Long, Sam AU - Mandigers, Paul J. J. AU - Matiasek, Kaspar AU - Packer, Rowena M. A. AU - Pakozdy, Akos AU - Patterson, Ned AU - Platt, Simon AU - Podell, Michael AU - Potschka, Heidrun AU - Pumarola Batlle, Marti AU - Rusbridge, Clare AU - Volk, Holger A. T2 - BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - This article outlines the consensus proposal on diagnosis of epilepsy in dogs by the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force. The aim of this consensus proposal is to improve consistency in the diagnosis of epilepsy in the clinical and research settings. The diagnostic approach to the patient presenting with a history of suspected epileptic seizures incorporates two fundamental steps: to establish if the events the animal is demonstrating truly represent epileptic seizures and if so, to identify their underlying cause. Differentiation of epileptic seizures from other non-epileptic episodic paroxysmal events can be challenging. Criteria that can be used to make this differentiation are presented in detail and discussed. Criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy (IE) are described in a three-tier system. Tier I confidence level for the diagnosis of IE is based on a history of two or more unprovoked epileptic seizures occurring at least 24 h apart, age at epileptic seizure onset of between six months and six years, unremarkable inter-ictal physical and neurological examination, and no significant abnormalities on minimum data base blood tests and urinalysis. Tier II confidence level for the diagnosis of IE is based on the factors listed in tier I and unremarkable fasting and post-prandial bile acids, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain (based on an epilepsy-specific brain MRI protocol) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Tier III confidence level for the diagnosis of IE is based on the factors listed in tier I and II and identification of electroencephalographic abnormalities characteristic for seizure disorders. The authors recommend performing MRI of the brain and routine CSF analysis, after exclusion of reactive seizures, in dogs with age at epileptic seizure onset <6 months or >6 years, inter-ictal neurological abnormalities consistent with intracranial neurolocalisation, status epilepticus or cluster seizure at epileptic seizure onset, or a previous presumptive diagnosis of IE and drug-resistance with a single antiepileptic drug titrated to the highest tolerable dose.This consensus article represents the basis for a more standardised diagnostic approach to the seizure patient. These recommendations will evolve over time with advances in neuroimaging, electroencephalography, and molecular genetics of canine epilepsy. DA - 2015/8/28/ PY - 2015/8/28/ DO - 10.1186/s12917-015-0462-1 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - SN - 1746-6148 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84940021273&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Dog KW - Seizure KW - Epilepsy KW - Idiopathic epilepsy KW - Diagnosis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Abnormal offspring syndrome AU - Farin, C. E. AU - Barnwell, C. V. AU - Farmer, W. T. T2 - Bovine Reproduction DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1002/9781118833971.ch67 SP - 620-638 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Technical note: Digital quantification of eye pigmentation of cattle with white faces AU - Davis, K. M. AU - Smith, T. AU - Bolt, B. AU - Meadows, S. AU - Powell, J. G. AU - Vann, R. C. AU - Arthington, J. D. AU - DiLorenzo, N. AU - Lalman, D. L. AU - Rouquette, F. M., Jr. AU - Hansen, G. R. AU - Cooper, A. J. AU - Cloud, J. E. AU - Garcia, M. D. AU - Herring, A. D. AU - Hale, D. S. AU - Sanders, J. O. AU - Hairgrove, T. B. AU - DeWitt, T. J. AU - Riley, D. G. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - Cancer of the eye in cattle with white faces occurs less frequently in cattle with pigmented eyelids. Corneoscleral pigmentation is related to eyelid pigmentation and occurrence of lesions that may precede cancer. Objectives of this study were to assess 1) variation in the proportion of eyelid and corneoscleral pigmentation in Hereford, Bos taurus, and Bos indicus crossbreds and 2) the occurrence of lesions with the presence of pigmentation in those areas. Hereford and Bos indicus crosses (Brahman or Nellore with Angus and Hereford and straightbred Brafords) and Bos taurus crosses (Angus-Hereford) were included in the study (n = 1,083). Eyelid pigmentation proportions were estimated by pixel quantification and were evaluated as total proportions and for upper and lower eyelids distinctly for each eye. Fixed effects included breed type, age categories, and sex of the animal. Lesion presence (1) or absence (0) was obtained by visual appraisal of image and was assumed to be binomially distributed. Eyelid pigmentation proportions (overall, upper, and lower eyelids) for Hereford ranged from 0.65 ± 0.03 to 0.68 ± 0.03 and were significantly lower than Bos indicus (range from 0.93 ± 0.02 to 0.95 ± 0.02) or Bos taurus (ranged from 0.88 ± 0.02 to 0.92 ± 0.02) crosses. Corneoscleral pigmentation in Hereford cows (0.17 ± 0.06) did not differ (P = 0.91) from Hereford calves and yearlings (0.16 ± 0.07). Bos indicus and Bos taurus crossbred cows had larger corneoscleral pigmentation (0.38 ± 0.05 and 0.48 ± 0.04 for left eyes and 0.37 ± 0.05 and 0.53 ± 0.04 for right eyes, respectively) than all calves (P < 0.001), and their corneoscleral pigmentations were greater than that of Hereford cows (P < 0.003). Bos indicus and Bos taurus cows had greater proportions of left eye corneoscleral pigmentation (0.38 ± 0.05 and 0.48 ± 0.04, respectively) than Hereford cows (0.17 ± 0.06) and all young animal breed types (P < 0.05). Right eye proportions differed for all cow groups (P < 0.05; 0.53 ± 0.04, 0.37 ± 0.05, and 0.17 ± 0.06). Among calves and yearlings, Hereford had a lower right eye corneoscleral pigmentation proportion (0.16 ± 0.07) than Bos taurus (P = 0.02). The lesion proportion for Hereford (0.08 ± 0.03) was significantly greater than that of either Bos indicus (0.01 ± 0.005) or Bos taurus (0.01 ± 0.003). Crossbreeding with Bos taurus or Bos indicus animals appears to increase eye pigmentation, which may help reduce the occurrence of cancer in eyes of cattle with white faces. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.2527/jas.2014-8786 VL - 93 IS - 7 SP - 3654-3660 SN - 1525-3163 KW - corneoscleral pigmentation KW - eye cancer KW - eye pigmentation KW - Hereford KW - white spotting ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stocking rate and monensin supplemental level effects on growth performance of beef cattle consuming warm-season grasses AU - Vendramini, J. M. B. AU - Sanchez, J. M. D. AU - Cooke, R. F. AU - Aguiar, A. D. AU - Moriel, P. AU - Silva, W. L. AU - Cunha, O. F. R. AU - Ferreira, P. D. S. AU - Pereira, A. C. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of monensin supplementation on animals receiving warm-season grass with limited supplementation. In Exp. 1, treatments were a factorial combination of 2 stocking rates (1.2 and 1.7 animal unit [AU] [500 kg BW]/ha) and supplementation with monensin (200 mg/d) or control (no monensin) distributed in a complete randomized design with 3 replicates. Thirty Angus × Brahman crossbred heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) with initial BW of 343 ± 8 kg were randomly allocated into 12 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures and supplemented with 0.4 kg DM of concentrate (14% CP and 78% TDN) daily for 86 d. Herbage mass (HM) and nutritive value evaluations were conducted every 14 d, and heifers were weighed every 28 d. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.97) of monensin on HM, herbage allowance (HA), and ADG; however, animals receiving monensin had greater (P = 0.03) plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations. The stocking rate treatments had similar HM in June (P = 0.20) and July (P = 0.18), but the higher stocking rate decreased (P < 0.01) HM and HA during August and September. Average daily gain was greater (P < 0.01) for the pastures with the lower stocking rate in August but not different in July and September (P ≥ 0.15). Gain per hectare tended to be greater on pastures with the higher stocking rate (P ≤ 0.06). In Exp. 2, treatments were 3 levels of monensin (125, 250, and 375 mg/animal per day) and control (no monensin) tested in a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 10-d adaptation period followed by 5 d of rumen fluid collection and total DMI evaluation. Blood samples were collected on d 4 and 5 of the collection period. Ground stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) hay (11.0% CP and 52% in vitro digestible organic matter) was offered daily. The steers received the same supplementation regimen as in Exp. 1. Total DMI was not different among treatments (P = 0.64). There was a linear increase (P ≤ 0.01) in propionate and a tendency for decreased acetate (P ≤ 0.09) concentrations in the rumen with increasing levels of monensin; however, there was no effect (P ≥ 0.19) of monensin levels on ruminal pH and ruminal concentrations of butyrate and ammonia. In addition, there was no effect (P ≥ 0.73) of monensin levels on plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, IGF-1, and PUN. In summary, monensin supplementation effects were not detected at either stocking rate and may not be effective in increasing performance of beef cattle grazing low-quality warm-season grasses with limited supplementation. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.2527/jas.2015-8913 VL - 93 IS - 7 SP - 3682-3689 SN - 1525-3163 KW - beef cattle KW - monensin KW - ruminal fermentation parameters KW - supplementation KW - warm-season grass ER - TY - JOUR TI - Periconceptional Heat Stress of Holstein Dams Is Associated with Differences in Daughter Milk Production and Composition during Multiple Lactations AU - Brown, Britni M. AU - Stallings, Jon W. AU - Clay, John S. AU - Rhoads, Michelle L. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Heat stress at the time of conception affects the subsequent milk production of primiparous Holstein cows; however, it is unknown whether these effects are maintained across multiple lactations. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between periconceptional heat stress and measurements of milk production and composition in cows retained within a herd for multiple lactations. National Dairy Herd Improvement Association data was obtained from Dairy Records Management Systems. Records included milk production data and milk composition data from over 75,000 and 44,000 Holstein cows, respectively, born between 2000 and 2010 in Florida, Georgia, and Texas. Conception dates were calculated by subtracting 276 d from the recorded birth date. Records for cows conceived within the months of June, July, and August were retained as heat stress conceived (HSC) cows; cows conceived within the months of December, January, and February were retained as thermoneutral conceived (TNC) contemporaries. Adjusted 305-d mature equivalent milk, protein percent and fat percent were evaluated with a mixed model ANOVA using SAS. Milk production was significantly affected by periconceptional heat stress. When a significant difference or tendency for a difference was detected between the HSC and TNC cows, the TNC produced more milk in all but one comparison. The advantage in milk production for the TNC cows over the HSC cows ranged from 82 ± 42 to 399 ± 61 kg per lactation. Alterations in fat and protein percentage were variable and most often detected in first lactations (first > second or third). Overall, the most striking result of this study is the consistency of the relationship between HSC and milk production. The nature of this relationship suggests that heat stress at or around the time of conception impairs cow milk yield throughout her lifetime. DA - 2015/10/23/ PY - 2015/10/23/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0133574 VL - 10 IS - 10 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel Roles for Notch3 and Notch4 Receptors in Gene Expression and Susceptibility to Ozone-Induced Lung Inflammation in Mice AU - Verhein, Kirsten C. AU - McCaw, Zachary AU - Gladwell, Wesley AU - Trivedi, Shweta AU - Bushel, Pierre R. AU - Kleeberger, Steven R. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES AB - Ozone is a highly toxic air pollutant and global health concern. Mechanisms of genetic susceptibility to ozone-induced lung inflammation are not completely understood. We hypothesized that Notch3 and Notch4 are important determinants of susceptibility to ozone-induced lung inflammation.Wild-type (WT), Notch3 (Notch3-/-), and Notch4 (Notch4-/-) knockout mice were exposed to ozone (0.3 ppm) or filtered air for 6-72 hr.Relative to air-exposed controls, ozone increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein, a marker of lung permeability, in all genotypes, but significantly greater concentrations were found in Notch4-/- compared with WT and Notch3-/- mice. Significantly greater mean numbers of BALF neutrophils were found in Notch3-/- and Notch4-/- mice compared with WT mice after ozone exposure. Expression of whole lung Tnf was significantly increased after ozone in Notch3-/- and Notch4-/- mice, and was significantly greater in Notch3-/- compared with WT mice. Statistical analyses of the transcriptome identified differentially expressed gene networks between WT and knockout mice basally and after ozone, and included Trim30, a member of the inflammasome pathway, and Traf6, an inflammatory signaling member.These novel findings are consistent with Notch3 and Notch4 as susceptibility genes for ozone-induced lung injury, and suggest that Notch receptors protect against innate immune inflammation. DA - 2015/8// PY - 2015/8// DO - 10.1289/ehp.1408852 VL - 123 IS - 8 SP - 799-805 SN - 1552-9924 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigation of regions impacting inbreeding depression and their association with the additive genetic effect for United States and Australia Jersey dairy cattle AU - Howard, Jeremy T. AU - Haile-Mariam, Mekonnen AU - Pryce, Jennie E. AU - Maltecca, Christian T2 - BMC GENOMICS AB - Variation in environment, management practices, nutrition or selection objectives has led to a variety of different choices being made in the use of genetic material between countries. Differences in genome-level homozygosity between countries may give rise to regions that result in inbreeding depression to differ. The objective of this study was to characterize regions that have an impact on a runs of homozygosity (ROH) metric and estimate their association with the additive genetic effect of milk (MY), fat (FY) and protein yield (PY) and calving interval (CI) using Australia (AU) and United States (US) Jersey cows. Genotyped cows with phenotypes on MY, FY and PY (n = 6751 US; n = 3974 AU) and CI (n = 5816 US; n = 3905 AU) were used in a two-stage analysis. A ROH statistic (ROH4Mb), which counts the frequency of a SNP being in a ROH of at least 4 Mb was calculated across the genome. In the first stage, residuals were obtained from a model that accounted for the portion explained by the estimated breeding value. In the second stage, these residuals were regressed on ROH4Mb using a single marker regression model and a gradient boosted machine (GBM) algorithm. The relationship between the additive and ROH4Mb of a region was characterized based on the (co)variance of 500 kb estimated genomic breeding values derived from a Bayesian LASSO analysis. Phenotypes to determine ROH4Mb and additive effects were residuals from the two-stage approach and yield deviations, respectively. Associations between yield traits and ROH4Mb were found for regions on BTA13, BTA23 and BTA25 for the US population and BTA3, BTA7, BTA17 for the AU population. Only one association (BTA7) was found for CI and ROH4Mb for the US population. Multiple potential epistatic interactions were characterized based on the GBM analysis. Lastly, the covariance sign between ROH4Mb and additive SNP effect of a region was heterogeneous across the genome. We identified multiple genomic regions associated with ROH4Mb in US and AU Jersey females. The covariance of regions impacting ROH4Mb and the additive genetic effect were positive and negative, which provides evidence that the homozygosity effect is location dependent. DA - 2015/10/19/ PY - 2015/10/19/ DO - 10.1186/s12864-015-2001-7 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - SN - 1471-2164 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84945200087&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Increasing the metabolizable protein supply enhanced growth performance and led to variable results on innate and humoral immune response of preconditioning beef steers AU - Moriel, P. AU - Artioli, L. F. A. AU - Poore, M. H. AU - Confer, A. W. AU - Marques, R. S. AU - Cooke, R. F. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - We evaluated the effects of MP supply on growth performance before and after preconditioning and measurements of innate and humoral immune response of beef steers following vaccination. Angus steers ( = 36; BW = 231 ± 21 kg; age = 184 ± 18 d) were weaned on d -6, stratified by BW and age on d 0, and randomly assigned to 1 of 18 drylot pens (2 steers/pen). Treatments were assigned to pens (6 pens/treatment) and consisted of corn silage-based diets formulated to provide 85%, 100%, or 115% of the daily MP requirements of a beef steer gaining 1.1 kg/d from d 0 to 42. Steers were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) types 1 and 2 viruses, and clostridium on d 14 and 28. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 14, 15, 17, 21, 28, 29, 30, 35, and 42. Body weight did not differ ( ≥ 0.17) among treatments from d 0 to 28. On d 42, 115% MP steers were heaviest, 100% MP steers were intermediate, and 85% MP steers were lightest ( = 0.05; 297, 290, and 278 ± 7 kg, respectively). Overall, ADG and G:F did not differ ( ≥ 0.13) between 100% and 115% MP steers and were least ( < 0.01) for 85% MP steers (1.2, 1.4, and 0.8 ± 0.07 kg/d and 0.23, 0.24, and 0.19 ± 0.008, respectively). Plasma haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.46), whereas plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations were greatest ( ≤ 0.04) for 85% MP steers, intermediate for 100% MP steers, and least for 115% MP steers on d 30, 35, and 42. Plasma cortisol concentrations were greater ( ≤ 0.03) for 85% vs. 100% and 115% MP steers on d 14 and 28. Liver mRNA expression of Cp and Hp and muscle mRNA expression of m-calpain, mammalian target of rapamycin, and ubiquitin did not differ among treatments ( ≥ 0.17). Serum neutralization titers to BVDV-1b titers were greater ( ≤ 0.02) for 115% vs. 85% and 100% MP steers on d 42 (5.8, 3.0, and 3.7 ± 0.60 log, respectively), whereas mean serum leukotoxin titers were greater for 85% vs. 100% and 115% MP steers (3.1, 2.4, and 2.5 ± 0.21 log, respectively). Preconditioning MP supply did not affect ( ≥ 0.26) ubsequent finishing growth performance and carcass characteristics. Thus, increasing MP supply from 85% to 115% of daily requirement of preconditioning beef steers had variable results on innate and humoral immune response and enhanced growth performance during a 42-d preconditioning period without affecting carcass characteristics at slaughter. DA - 2015/9// PY - 2015/9// DO - 10.2527/jas.2015-9238 VL - 93 IS - 9 SP - 4473-4485 SN - 1525-3163 KW - acute-phase response KW - beef steers KW - humoral KW - innate immune KW - preconditioning KW - vaccination ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of environmental temperature and dietary manganese on egg production performance, egg quality, and some plasma biochemical traits of broiler breeders AU - Zhu, Y. W. AU - Xie, J. J. AU - Li, W. X. AU - Lu, L. AU - Zhang, L. Y. AU - Ji, C. AU - Lin, X. AU - Liu, H. C. AU - Odle, J. AU - Luo, X. G. T2 - Journal of Animal Science AB - An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental temperature and dietary Mn on egg production performance, egg quality, and some plasma biochemical traits of broiler breeders. A completely randomized factorial design involved 2 environmental temperatures (a normal temperature, 21 ± 1°C, and a high temperature, 32 ± 1°C) × 3 dietary Mn treatments (a Mn-unsupplemented corn–soybean meal basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 120 mg of Mn/kg of diet as either MnSO4·H2O or manganese proteinate). There were 6 treatments with 6 replicates (4 birds per replicate). High temperature decreased egg weight (P < 0.0001), laying rate (P < 0.0001), egg yield (P < 0.0001), feed intake (P < 0.0001), egg:feed ratio (P < 0.0001), eggshell strength (P < 0.05) and thickness (P < 0.0001), plasma triiodothyronine level (P < 0.05), and alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.04) whereas it increased rectal temperature (P < 0.0001); plasma malondialdehyde level (P < 0.02); and activities (P < 0.002) of lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase. Broiler breeders fed the diets supplemented with Mn regardless of source had greater (P < 0.05) eggshell strength and lower (P ≤ 0.05) plasma triiodothyronine level and protein carbonyl content than those fed the control diet. The broiler breeders fed the diet supplemented with the organic Mn had greater (P < 0.01) eggshell thickness than those fed the control diet. There were interactions (P < 0.05) between environmental temperature and dietary Mn in laying rate, egg yield, feed intake, and egg:feed ratio. Under normal temperature, dietary Mn did not affect the above 4 parameters; however, under high temperature, broiler breeders fed the diet supplemented with the organic Mn showed greater (P < 0.03) improvements in these 4 parameters than those fed the control diet. The results from this study indicated that high temperature significantly impaired egg production performance and eggshell quality and induced lipid peroxidation and tissue damage whereas dietary supplementation of either organic or inorganic Mn improved eggshell strength and thermotolerance and reduced protein oxidation and that the organic Mn could alleviate the negative effect of high temperature on egg production performance of broiler breeders at the period of 32 to 45 wk of age. DA - 2015/7/1/ PY - 2015/7/1/ DO - 10.2527/jas.2015-8956 VL - 93 IS - 7 SP - 3431–3440 SN - 0021-8812 1525-3163 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-8956 KW - broiler breeders KW - high temperature KW - laying performance KW - manganese KW - plasma biochemical traits ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of dietary supplementation with lysine-yielding Bacillus subtilis on gut morphology, cecal microflora, and intestinal immune response of Linwu ducks AU - Xing, Y. AU - Wang, S. AU - Fan, J. AU - Oso, A. O. AU - Kim, S. W. AU - Xiao, D. AU - Yang, T. AU - Liu, G. AU - Jiang, G. AU - Li, Z. AU - Li, L. AU - Zhang, B. T2 - Journal of Animal Science AB - The effects of dietary supplementation with lysine-yielding Bacillus subtilis on gut morphology, cecal microflora, and expression of intestinal cytokine mRNA of Linwu ducks (a Chinese local domesticated duck) were investigated after a 63-d feeding trial. Two hundred forty 1-d-old female ducklings were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, and there were 60 birds per treatment replicated 6 times with 10 birds each. The experimental diets consisted of a basal diet containing no antibiotic or growth promoters, the basal diet supplemented with 150 mg Aureomycin per kg feed, and 2 others supplemented with 5.0 × 108 and 5.0 × 1010 cfu B. subtilis/kg feed, respectively. Birds fed the diets supplemented with B. subtilis had increased (P < 0.001) villi height in the jejunum and ileum and reduced (P < 0.001) crypt depth in the jejunum compared with birds fed the control diet. Greatest (P < 0.01) villus height:crypt depth ratio was obtained with the jejunum and ileum of birds fed the diet supplemented with 5.0 × 1010 cfu B. subtilis/kg feed. Dietary supplementation with B. subtilis resulted in increased (P < 0.05) cecal counts of Megasphaera elsdenii. Greater cecal Lactobacillus counts were obtained in ducks fed the diets supplemented with Aureomycin and B. subtilis. Ducks fed the diets supplemented with B. subtilis showed suppressed (P < 0.001) expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, and IL-10 in their jejunum. When compared with the control, the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ in the jejunum of ducks fed the diet supplemented with 5.0 × 108 cfu B. subtilis/kg feed was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with B. subtilis or Aureomycin reduced (P < 0.001) ileal expression of IL-10. When compared with the control, the expression of IL-2 and IL-8 in the ileum of ducks fed the diet supplemented with 5.0 × 1010 cfu B. subtilis/kg feed showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with lysine-yielding B. subtilis improved gut morphology, increased the population of beneficial gut microflora, and stimulated increased intestinal immune response of Linwu ducks. DA - 2015/7/1/ PY - 2015/7/1/ DO - 10.2527/jas.2014-8090 VL - 93 IS - 7 SP - 3449–3457 SN - 0021-8812 1525-3163 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8090 KW - day-old ducklings KW - gut morphology KW - immune response KW - lysine-yielding Bacillus subtilis KW - microflora ER - TY - JOUR TI - Differential Gene Expression across Breed and Sex in Commercial Pigs Administered Fenbendazole and Flunixin Meglumine AU - Howard, Jeremy T. AU - Audrey T. O'Nan, AU - Maltecca, Christian AU - Baynes, Ronald E. AU - Ashwell, Melissa S. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Characterizing the variability in transcript levels across breeds and sex in swine for genes that play a role in drug metabolism may shed light on breed and sex differences in drug metabolism. The objective of the study is to determine if there is heterogeneity between swine breeds and sex in transcript levels for genes previously shown to play a role in drug metabolism for animals administered flunixin meglumine or fenbendazole. Crossbred nursery female and castrated male pigs (n = 169) spread across 5 groups were utilized. Sires (n = 15) of the pigs were purebred Duroc, Landrace, Yorkshire or Hampshire boars mated to a common sow population. Animals were randomly placed into the following treatments: no drug (control), flunixin meglumine, or fenbendazole. One hour after the second dosing, animals were sacrificed and liver samples collected. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was used to measure liver gene expression of the following genes: SULT1A1, ABCB1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A22 and CYP3A29. The control animals were used to investigate baseline transcript level differences across breed and sex. Post drug administration transcript differences across breed and sex were investigated by comparing animals administered the drug to the controls. Contrasts to determine fold change were constructed from a model that included fixed and random effects within each drug. Significant (P-value <0.007) basal transcript differences were found across breeds for SULT1A1, CYP3A29 and CYP3A22. Across drugs, significant (P-value <0.0038) transcript differences existed between animals given a drug and controls across breeds and sex for ABCB1, PS and CYP1A2. Significant (P <0.0038) transcript differences across breeds were found for CYP2E1 and SULT1A1 for flunixin meglumine and fenbendazole, respectively. The current analysis found transcript level differences across swine breeds and sex for multiple genes, which provides greater insight into the relationship between flunixin meglumine and fenbendazole and known drug metabolizing genes. DA - 2015/9/14/ PY - 2015/9/14/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0137830 VL - 10 IS - 9 SP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84947437744&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Protective Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on Serum Biochemistry, Histopathological Changes and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Broilers Fed Moldy Peanut Meal Naturally Contaminated with Aflatoxins AU - Fan, Yu AU - Zhao, Lihong AU - Ji, Cheng AU - Li, Xiaoying AU - Jia, Ru AU - Xi, Lin AU - Zhang, Jianyun AU - Ma, Qiugang T2 - Toxins AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of aflatoxins and evaluate the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 in detoxifying aflatoxicosis in broilers. A total of 360 one-week-old male broilers (Ross 308) were assigned to six dietary treatments for five weeks. The treatment diets were: C0 (basal diet); C1.0 (C0 + 1.0 g B. subtilis ANSB060/kg diet); M0 (basal diet formulated with moldy peanut meal); M0.5, M1.0 and M2.0 (M0 + 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g B. subtilis ANSB060/kg diet, respectively). The contents of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 in the diets formulated with moldy peanut meal were 70.7 ± 1.3, 11.0 ± 1.5, 6.5 ± 0.8 and 2.0 ± 0.3 µg/kg, respectively. The results showed that aflatoxins increased (p < 0.05) serum aspartate transaminase activity, decreased (p < 0.05) serum glutathione peroxidase activity, and enhanced (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde contents in both the serum and liver. Aflatoxins also caused gross and histological changes in liver tissues, such as bile duct epithelium hyperplasia, vacuolar degeneration and lymphocyte infiltration. The supplementation of ANSB060 reduced aflatoxin levels in the duodenum and counteracted the negative effects of aflatoxins, leading to the conclusion that ANSB060 has a protective effect against aflatoxicosis and this protection is dose-related. DA - 2015/8/21/ PY - 2015/8/21/ DO - 10.3390/toxins7083330 VL - 7 IS - 8 SP - 3330-3343 J2 - Toxins LA - en OP - SN - 2072-6651 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins7083330 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - International veterinary epilepsy task force recommendations for systematic sampling and processing of brains from epileptic dogs and cats AU - Matiasek, Kaspar AU - Pumarola i Batlle, Martí AU - Rosati, Marco AU - Fernández-Flores, Francisco AU - Fischer, Andrea AU - Wagner, Eva AU - Berendt, Mette AU - Bhatti, Sofie F. M. AU - De Risio, Luisa AU - Farquhar, Robyn G. AU - Long, Sam AU - Muñana, Karen AU - Patterson, Edward E. AU - Pakozdy, Akos AU - Penderis, Jacques AU - Platt, Simon AU - Podell, Michael AU - Potschka, Heidrun AU - Rusbridge, Clare AU - Stein, Veronika M. AU - Tipold, Andrea AU - Volk, Holger A. T2 - BMC Veterinary Research AB - Traditionally, histological investigations of the epileptic brain are required to identify epileptogenic brain lesions, to evaluate the impact of seizure activity, to search for mechanisms of drug-resistance and to look for comorbidities. For many instances, however, neuropathological studies fail to add substantial data on patients with complete clinical work-up. This may be due to sparse training in epilepsy pathology and or due to lack of neuropathological guidelines for companion animals.The protocols introduced herein shall facilitate systematic sampling and processing of epileptic brains and therefore increase the efficacy, reliability and reproducibility of morphological studies in animals suffering from seizures.Brain dissection protocols of two neuropathological centres with research focus in epilepsy have been optimised with regards to their diagnostic yield and accuracy, their practicability and their feasibility concerning clinical research requirements.The recommended guidelines allow for easy, standardised and ubiquitous collection of brain regions, relevant for seizure generation. Tissues harvested the prescribed way will increase the diagnostic efficacy and provide reliable material for scientific investigations. DA - 2015/8/28/ PY - 2015/8/28/ DO - 10.1186/s12917-015-0467-9 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - J2 - BMC Vet Res LA - en OP - SN - 1746-6148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0467-9 DB - Crossref KW - Canine KW - Feline KW - Seizures KW - Hippocampus KW - Ictogenic KW - Epileptogenic KW - Processing KW - Neuropathology ER - TY - JOUR TI - International veterinary epilepsy task force consensus report on epilepsy definition, classification and terminology in companion animals AU - Berendt, Mette AU - Farquhar, Robyn G. AU - Mandigers, Paul J. J. AU - Pakozdy, Akos AU - Bhatti, Sofie F. M. AU - De Risio, Luisa AU - Fischer, Andrea AU - Long, Sam AU - Matiasek, Kaspar AU - Muñana, Karen AU - Patterson, Edward E. AU - Penderis, Jacques AU - Platt, Simon AU - Podell, Michael AU - Potschka, Heidrun AU - Pumarola, Martí Batlle AU - Rusbridge, Clare AU - Stein, Veronika M. AU - Tipold, Andrea AU - Volk, Holger A. T2 - BMC Veterinary Research AB - Dogs with epilepsy are among the commonest neurological patients in veterinary practice and therefore have historically attracted much attention with regard to definitions, clinical approach and management. A number of classification proposals for canine epilepsy have been published during the years reflecting always in parts the current proposals coming from the human epilepsy organisation the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). It has however not been possible to gain agreed consensus, “a common language”, for the classification and terminology used between veterinary and human neurologists and neuroscientists, practitioners, neuropharmacologists and neuropathologists. This has led to an unfortunate situation where different veterinary publications and textbook chapters on epilepsy merely reflect individual author preferences with respect to terminology, which can be confusing to the readers and influence the definition and diagnosis of epilepsy in first line practice and research studies. In this document the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force (IVETF) discusses current understanding of canine epilepsy and presents our 2015 proposal for terminology and classification of epilepsy and epileptic seizures. We propose a classification system which reflects new thoughts from the human ILAE but also roots in former well accepted terminology. We think that this classification system can be used by all stakeholders. DA - 2015/8/28/ PY - 2015/8/28/ DO - 10.1186/s12917-015-0461-2 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - J2 - BMC Vet Res LA - en OP - SN - 1746-6148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0461-2 DB - Crossref KW - Epilepsy KW - Seizures KW - Dog KW - Classification KW - Semiology ER - TY - JOUR TI - International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force recommendations for a veterinary epilepsy-specific MRI protocol AU - Rusbridge, Clare AU - Long, Sam AU - Jovanovik, Jelena AU - Milne, Marjorie AU - Berendt, Mette AU - Bhatti, Sofie F. M. AU - De Risio, Luisa AU - Farqhuar, Robyn G. AU - Fischer, Andrea AU - Matiasek, Kaspar AU - Muñana, Karen AU - Patterson, Edward E. AU - Pakozdy, Akos AU - Penderis, Jacques AU - Platt, Simon AU - Podell, Michael AU - Potschka, Heidrun AU - Stein, Veronika M. AU - Tipold, Andrea AU - Volk, Holger A. T2 - BMC Veterinary Research AB - Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases in veterinary practice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is regarded as an important diagnostic test to reach the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy. However, given that the diagnosis requires the exclusion of other differentials for seizures, the parameters for MRI examination should allow the detection of subtle lesions which may not be obvious with existing techniques. In addition, there are several differentials for idiopathic epilepsy in humans, for example some focal cortical dysplasias, which may only apparent with special sequences, imaging planes and/or particular techniques used in performing the MRI scan. As a result, there is a need to standardize MRI examination in veterinary patients with techniques that reliably diagnose subtle lesions, identify post-seizure changes, and which will allow for future identification of underlying causes of seizures not yet apparent in the veterinary literature. There is a need for a standardized veterinary epilepsy-specific MRI protocol which will facilitate more detailed examination of areas susceptible to generating and perpetuating seizures, is cost efficient, simple to perform and can be adapted for both low and high field scanners. Standardisation of imaging will improve clinical communication and uniformity of case definition between research studies. A 6–7 sequence epilepsy-specific MRI protocol for veterinary patients is proposed and further advanced MR and functional imaging is reviewed. DA - 2015/8/28/ PY - 2015/8/28/ DO - 10.1186/s12917-015-0466-x VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - J2 - BMC Vet Res LA - en OP - SN - 1746-6148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0466-x DB - Crossref KW - Canine KW - Feline KW - Seizure KW - Imaging KW - Hippocampus ER - TY - JOUR TI - High Amy lose Starch with Low In Vitro Digestibility Stimulates Hindgut Fermentation and Has a Bifidogenic Effect in Weaned Pigs(1-3) AU - Fouhse, Janelle M. AU - Gaenzle, Michael G. AU - Regmi, Prajwal R. AU - Kempen, Theo A. T. G. AU - Zijlstra, Ruurd T. T2 - JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AB - Dietary amylose resists enzymatic digestion, thereby providing a substrate for microbial fermentation that stimulates proliferation of beneficial microbiota and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the large intestine of pigs and humans. However, the effect of increasing dietary amylose in pigs immediately postweaning on growth, nutrient digestibility and flow, and intestinal microbial and SCFA profiles has not been studied and can be used as a model for newly weaned human infants.We studied the effects of increasing dietary amylose on growth, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal microbial and metabolite profiles in weaned pigs.Weaned pigs (n = 32) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 diets containing 67% starch with 0%, 20%, 28%, or 63% amylose for 21 d. Subsequently, pigs were killed to collect feces and digesta for measuring starch digestion and microbial and metabolite profiles.Feeding weaned pigs 63% compared with 0%, 20%, and 28% amylose decreased (P < 0.05) feed intake by 5% and growth by ≥ 12%. Ileal digestibility of dry matter decreased (P < 0.05) by 10% and starch by 9%, thereby increasing (P < 0.05) hindgut fermentation, cecal and colonic total SCFAs, and colonic Bacteroides, and lowering (P < 0.01) ileal, cecal, and colonic pH in pigs consuming 63% compared with 0%, 20%, and 28% amylose. Cecal and colonic Bifidobacteria spp. increased by 14-30% (P < 0.05) and Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa were decreased (P < 0.01) in pigs consuming 63% compared with 0%, 20%, and 28% amylose.Increasing dietary amylose in pigs immediately postweaning stimulated hindgut fermentation and Bifidobacteria spp., thereby manipulating the gut environment, but also reduced intake and growth. An optimum dietary amylose concentration should be determined, which would maintain desired growth rate and gut environment in weaned pigs. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.3945/jn.115.214353 VL - 145 IS - 11 SP - 2464-2470 SN - 1541-6100 KW - starch KW - amylose KW - bacteria KW - SCFA KW - growth KW - pig ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Physiological Basis and Nutritional Function of Alpha-ketoglutarate AU - He, Liuqin AU - Xu, Zhiqi AU - Yao, Kang AU - Wu, Guoao AU - Yin, Yulong AU - Nyachoti, Clares M. AU - Kim, Sung Woo T2 - CURRENT PROTEIN & PEPTIDE SCIENCE AB - Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG) is a biological substance that plays important roles in cell metabolism and physiology. AKG is synthesized from glucose or oxaloacetate plus pyruvate. As an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, AKG is essential for the oxidation of fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose. Extracellular AKG is a significant source of energy for cells of the gastrointestinal tract. As a precursor for the synthesis of glutamate and glutamine in multiple tissues (including liver, skeletal muscle, heart, brain, and white adipose tissue), AKG bridges carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism for both conservation of amino acids and ammonia detoxification. Additionally, emerging evidence shows that AKG is a regulator of gene expression and cell signaling pathways (including the mammalian target of rapamycin and AMPactivated protein kinase). Thus, AKG is an attractive dietary supplement in animal and human nutrition to improve cellular energy status, immunity, and health. Keywords: alpha-Ketoglutarate, glutamate, glutamine, nutrition, physiological, protein synthesis. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.2174/1389203716666150630140157 VL - 16 IS - 7 SP - 576-581 SN - 1875-5550 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84939779720&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - alpha-Ketoglutarate KW - glutamate KW - glutamine KW - nutrition KW - physiological KW - protein synthesis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soluble extract of soybean fermented with Aspergillus oryzae GB 107 inhibits fat accumulation in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes AU - So, Kyoung-Ha AU - Suzuki, Yasuki AU - Yonekura, Shinichi AU - Suzuki, Yutaka AU - Lee, Chan Ho AU - Kim, Sung Woo AU - Katoh, Kazuo AU - Roh, Sang-Gun T2 - NUTRITION RESEARCH AND PRACTICE AB - This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented soybean (FS) extract on adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation using cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes.3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with FS and nonfermented soybean (NFS) extract during differentiation for 10 days in vitro. Oil red O staining was performed and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity was measured for analysis of fat accumulation. Expressions of adipogenic genes were measured.Soluble extract of soybean fermented with Aspergillus oryzae GB107 contained higher levels of low-molecular-weight protein than conventional soybean protein did. FS extract (50 µg/ml) inhibited adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes for 10 days in vitro. Significantly lower GPDH activity was observed in differentiated adipocytes treated with the FS extract than those treated with NFS extract. Treatment with FS extract resulted in decreased expression levels of leptin, adiponectin, and adipogenin genes, which are associated with adipogenesis.This report is the first to demonstrate that the water-soluble extract from FS inhibits fat accumulation and lipid storage in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus, the soybean extract fermented with A. oryzae GB107 could be used to control lipid accumulation in adipocytes. DA - 2015/8// PY - 2015/8// DO - 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.4.439 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 439-444 SN - 2005-6168 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84938569490&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Fermented soybean KW - adipocyte KW - adipogenesis KW - 3T3-L1 KW - Aspergillus olyzae ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicting characteristics of rainfall driven estrogen runoff and transport from swine AFO spray fields AU - Lee, Boknam AU - Kullman, Sethw. AU - Yost, Erin E. AU - Meyer, Michael T. AU - Worley-Davis, Lynn AU - Williams, C. Michael AU - Reckhow, Kenneth H. T2 - SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB - Animal feeding operations (AFOs) have been implicated as potentially major sources of estrogenic contaminants into the aquatic environment due to the relatively minimal treatment of waste and potential mobilization and transport of waste components from spray fields. In this study a Bayesian network (BN) model was developed to inform management decisions and better predict the transport and fate of natural steroidal estrogens from these sites. The developed BN model integrates processes of surface runoff and sediment loss with the modified universal soil loss equation (MUSLE) and the soil conservation service curve number (SCS-CN) runoff model. What-if scenario simulations of lagoon slurry wastes to the spray fields were conducted for the most abundant natural estrogen estrone (E1) observed in the system. It was found that E1 attenuated significantly after 2 months following waste slurry application in both spring and summer seasons, with the overall attenuation rate predicted to be higher in the summer compared to the spring. Using simulations of rainfall events in conjunction with waste slurry application rates, it was predicted that the magnitude of E1 runoff loss is significantly higher in the spring as compared to the summer months, primarily due to spray field crop management plans. Our what-if scenario analyses suggest that planting Bermuda grass in the spray fields is likely to reduce runoff losses of natural estrogens near the water bodies and ecosystems, as compared to planting of soybeans. DA - 2015/11/1/ PY - 2015/11/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.051 VL - 532 SP - 571-580 SN - 1879-1026 KW - Estrogen runoff and transport KW - Bayesian network model KW - Swine animal feeding operation KW - Spray fields ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nutritional Impact of Dietary Plasma Proteins in Animals Undergoing Experimental Challenge and Implications for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disorders: A Meta-analysis AU - Kuchibhatla, Ramana AU - Petschow, Bryon W. AU - Odle, Jack AU - Weaver, Eric M. T2 - ADVANCES IN NUTRITION AB - Studies administering plasma protein isolates (PPIs) to experimentally challenged animals have reported improvements in growth, food intake, and overall condition when compared with animals fed control diets, due in part to improvements in gut barrier function, normalization of cytokine signals, and support of enteric immune function. These and early clinical studies suggest that nutritional therapy with PPIs may similarly assist in restoring homeostasis to gut barrier function in humans experiencing mild or more acute enteropathic symptomatology such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. This meta-analysis evaluated the ability of PPIs to promote weight gain and food intake in weanling animals, primarily piglets, after oral challenge with various enteric pathogens or bacterial toxins. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched from 1980 through August 2012 for specified terms and keywords. Twenty-nine articles retrieved through this process were evaluated; 11 studies including 13 experiments were selected for inclusion in the analysis. The meta-analysis included descriptive analyses and methods for combining P values for the primary endpoint, average daily growth (ADG) at week 1, and secondary endpoints including ADG, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) at weeks 1 and 2 and at the end of study. Primary and secondary endpoint analyses of growth (ADG, ADFI, and G:F) were significant (P < 0.01). The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α were significantly lower in animals fed dietary PPIs. Additional research in patients experiencing symptoms of enteropathy will further characterize the benefits of PPIs in clinical populations. DA - 2015/9// PY - 2015/9// DO - 10.3945/an.114.007930 VL - 6 IS - 5 SP - 541-551 SN - 2156-5376 KW - enteropathy KW - inflammatory bowel disease KW - IBS KW - agrimedical KW - plasma protein KW - immunoglobulin KW - barrier function KW - linear growth ER - TY - JOUR TI - International veterinary epilepsy task force consensus proposal: outcome of therapeutic interventions in canine and feline epilepsy AU - Potschka, Heidrun AU - Fischer, Andrea AU - Löscher, Wolfgang AU - Patterson, Ned AU - Bhatti, Sofie AU - Berendt, Mette AU - De Risio, Luisa AU - Farquhar, Robyn AU - Long, Sam AU - Mandigers, Paul AU - Matiasek, Kaspar AU - Muñana, Karen AU - Pakozdy, Akos AU - Penderis, Jacques AU - Platt, Simon AU - Podell, Michael AU - Rusbridge, Clare AU - Stein, Veronika AU - Tipold, Andrea AU - Volk, Holger A T2 - BMC Veterinary Research AB - Common criteria for the diagnosis of drug resistance and the assessment of outcome are needed urgently as a prerequisite for standardized evaluation and reporting of individual therapeutic responses in canine epilepsy. Thus, we provide a proposal for the definition of drug resistance and partial therapeutic success in canine patients with epilepsy. This consensus statement also suggests a list of factors and aspects of outcome, which should be considered in addition to the impact on seizures. Moreover, these expert recommendations discuss criteria which determine the validity and informative value of a therapeutic trial in an individual patient and also suggest the application of individual outcome criteria. Agreement on common guidelines does not only render a basis for future optimization of individual patient management, but is also a presupposition for the design and implementation of clinical studies with highly standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respective standardization will improve the comparability of findings from different studies and renders an improved basis for multicenter studies. Therefore, this proposal provides an in-depth discussion of the implications of outcome criteria for clinical studies. In particular ethical aspects and the different options for study design and application of individual patient-centered outcome criteria are considered. DA - 2015/8/28/ PY - 2015/8/28/ DO - 10.1186/s12917-015-0465-y VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - J2 - BMC Vet Res LA - en OP - SN - 1746-6148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0465-y DB - Crossref KW - Dog KW - Epileptic seizure KW - Epilepsy KW - Treatment ER - TY - JOUR TI - International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force consensus proposal: medical treatment of canine epilepsy in Europe AU - Bhatti, Sofie F.M. AU - De Risio, Luisa AU - Muñana, Karen AU - Penderis, Jacques AU - Stein, Veronika M. AU - Tipold, Andrea AU - Berendt, Mette AU - Farquhar, Robyn G. AU - Fischer, Andrea AU - Long, Sam AU - Löscher, Wolfgang AU - Mandigers, Paul J.J. AU - Matiasek, Kaspar AU - Pakozdy, Akos AU - Patterson, Edward E. AU - Platt, Simon AU - Podell, Michael AU - Potschka, Heidrun AU - Rusbridge, Clare AU - Volk, Holger A. T2 - BMC Veterinary Research AB - In Europe, the number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) licensed for dogs has grown considerably over the last years. Nevertheless, the same questions remain, which include, 1) when to start treatment, 2) which drug is best used initially, 3) which adjunctive AED can be advised if treatment with the initial drug is unsatisfactory, and 4) when treatment changes should be considered. In this consensus proposal, an overview is given on the aim of AED treatment, when to start long-term treatment in canine epilepsy and which veterinary AEDs are currently in use for dogs. The consensus proposal for drug treatment protocols, 1) is based on current published evidence-based literature, 2) considers the current legal framework of the cascade regulation for the prescription of veterinary drugs in Europe, and 3) reflects the authors' experience. With this paper it is aimed to provide a consensus for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Furthermore, for the management of structural epilepsy AEDs are inevitable in addition to treating the underlying cause, if possible. DA - 2015/8/28/ PY - 2015/8/28/ DO - 10.1186/s12917-015-0464-z VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - J2 - BMC Vet Res LA - en OP - SN - 1746-6148 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0464-z DB - Crossref KW - Dog KW - Epileptic seizure KW - Epilepsy KW - Treatment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Factors Affecting the Efficient Production of Boar Sperm AU - Flowers, W. L. T2 - REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS AB - Contents Efficient sperm production in boars has developmental and functional components. Factors affecting the developmental phase influence Sertoli cell mitosis, appear to be mostly stimulatory and have permanent effects on production of sperm. Birthweight appears to hold promise as a prospective screening tool as it appears to have a strong positive relationship with adult sperm production. Strategic cross‐fostering shortly after birth and socialization to humans between 4 and 9 weeks of age are strategies during the developmental phase that have been shown to increase spermatogenesis in adults. Factors affecting the functional phase influence the release of sperm by Sertoli cells and their subsequent maturation in the epididymi, appear to be mainly inhibitory and have temporary effects on spermatogenesis which can be corrected. The most common of these include exposure to elevated ambient temperature, nutrition, photoperiod, collection frequency and housing. Multiple deficiencies in several of these areas are common in commercial studs and have additive, negative effects on sperm production. However, there also is evidence that enhancements in one of these areas may be capable of offsetting deficiencies in others. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.1111/rda.12529 VL - 50 SP - 25-30 SN - 1439-0531 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Differential expression of proteins involved in energy production along the crypt-villus axis in early-weaning pig small intestine AU - Xiong, Xia AU - Yang, Huansheng AU - Tan, Bie AU - Yang, Chengbo AU - Wu, Miaomiao AU - Liu, Gang AU - Kim, Sung Woo AU - Li, Tiejun AU - Li, Lili AU - Wang, Junjun AU - Wu, Guoyao AU - Yin, Yulong T2 - American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology AB - Weaning of piglets reflects intestinal dysfunction and atrophy and affected the physiological state of enterocytes. However, few studies have defined physiological state of enterocytes along the crypt-villus axis in early-weaning piglets. A total of 16 piglets from 8 litters were used in the experiment. One group of piglets was nursed by sows until age 21 days, and another group was weaned at age 14 days and then fed creep feed instead of breast milk for 7 days. Piglets were killed at 21 days, and the jejunum segments were dissected. After sequential isolation of jejunum epithelial cells along the crypt-villus axis, their proteins were analyzed through the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification, and proteins involved in the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and proliferating cell nuclear antigen abundances in jejunal epithelial cells of weaning or suckling group were determined by Western blotting. The differential proteins in three cell fractions were identified and analyzed. The results showed that proteins involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, β-oxidation, and the glycolysis pathway were significantly downregulated in the upper and middle villus of the early-weaned group. However, proteins involved in glycolysis were significantly upregulated in crypt cells. In addition, Western blot analysis showed that the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway-related proteins was decreased (P < 0.05) in the early-weaned group. The present results showed that early-weaning differentially affect the expression of proteins involved in energy production of enterocytes along the jejunal crypt-villus axis. DA - 2015/8/15/ PY - 2015/8/15/ DO - 10.1152/ajpgi.00095.2015 VL - 309 IS - 4 SP - G229-G237 J2 - American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology LA - en OP - SN - 0193-1857 1522-1547 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00095.2015 DB - Crossref KW - weaning KW - enterocyte KW - crypt-villus axis KW - piglet ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simultaneous determination of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan and lysine for barrows from 15 to 30kg live weight AU - Pasquetti, T.J. AU - Pozza, P.C. AU - Moreira, I. AU - Santos, T.C. AU - Diaz-Huepa, L.M. AU - Castilha, L.D. AU - Perondi, D. AU - Carvalho, P.L.O. AU - Kim, S.W. T2 - Livestock Science AB - The digestible amino acid (AA) determination of ingredients, or experimental diets, are essential in obtaining the real levels of AA that are being studied, as well as of other indispensable AA, because the lack of a single indispensable AA may limit pig growth performance. Two experiments were conducted to determine the optimum levels and the ideal ratio of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp and Lys for barrows from 15 to 30 kg of live weight. The first experiment (Exp. 1) was conducted to determine the SID AA content of the basal diet used in the growth performance study (Exp. 2). Ten crossbred barrows (21.5±1.6 kg live weight) were used in Exp. 1. Pigs were fed a basal diet and a protein free diet to determine the SID of Trp, Lys, and all other indispensable AA of the basal diet. In Exp. 2, 64 barrows (15.0±1.6 kg) were allotted to 16 diets in a 4×4 factorial arrangement of treatments (1.55, 1.85, 2.15, and 2.45 g SID Trp and 9.72, 11.12, 12.52, and 13.92 g SID Lys/kg) with 4 replications per treatment. In both Exp. 1 and 2, each pig was considered as an experimental unit. Growth performance, Longissimus muscle (LM), backfat thickness, and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) were evaluated. Average daily feed intake and average daily gain increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of SID Trp. There was a quadratic effect (P=0.04) of dietary SID Trp and Lys levels on the gain:feed, and the optimal levels were estimated to be 2.1 (0.65 g/Mcal ME) and 11.98 g/kg (3.71 g/Mcal ME), respectively, resulting in a SID Trp:Lys of 17.5:100. A quadratic effect of SID Trp (P=0.021) and Lys (P=0.026) levels on LM was observed, and the optimum levels were 2.08 and 11.36 g/kg diet, respectively, with a Trp:Lys of 18.3:100. The amount of PUN decreased linearly (P=0.004) as SID Lys increased. For pigs used in our study (between 15 and 30 kg live weight), the SID Trp and SID Lys requirements are 2.10 and 11.98 g/kg, respectively. The corresponding Trp:Lys are 17.5:100. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.09.021 VL - 181 SP - 114-120 J2 - Livestock Science LA - en OP - SN - 1871-1413 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.09.021 DB - Crossref KW - Lysine KW - Pigs KW - Response surface KW - Requirements KW - Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility KW - Tryptophan ER - TY - JOUR TI - Peroxidised dietary lipids impair intestinal function and morphology of the small intestine villi of nursery pigs in a dose-dependent manner AU - Rosero, David S. AU - Odle, Jack AU - Moeser, Adam J. AU - Boyd, R. Dean AU - Heugten, Eric T2 - BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing degrees of lipid peroxidation on structure and function of the small intestine of nursery pigs. A total of 216 pigs (mean body weight was 6·5 kg) were randomly allotted within weight blocks and sex and fed one of five experimental diets for 35 d (eleven pens per treatment with three to four pigs per pen). Treatments included a control diet without added lipid, and diets supplemented with 6 % soyabean oil that was exposed to heat (80°C) and constant oxygen flow (1 litre/min) for 0, 6, 9 and 12 d. Increasing lipid peroxidation linearly reduced feed intake (P<0·001) and weight gain (P=0·024). Apparent faecal digestibility of gross energy (P=0·001) and fat (P<0·001) decreased linearly as the degree of peroxidation increased. Absorption of mannitol (linear, P=0·097) and d-xylose (linear, P=0·089), measured in serum 2 h post gavage with a solution containing 0·2 g/ml of d-xylose and 0·3 g/ml of mannitol, tended to decrease progressively as the peroxidation level increased. Increasing peroxidation also resulted in increased villi height (linear, P<0·001) and crypt depth (quadratic, P=0·005) in the jejunum. Increasing peroxidation increased malondialdehyde concentrations (quadratic, P=0·035) and reduced the total antioxidant capacity (linear, P=0·044) in the jejunal mucosa. In conclusion, lipid peroxidation progressively diminished animal performance and modified the function and morphology of the small intestine of nursery pigs. Detrimental effects were related with the disruption of redox environment of the intestinal mucosa. DA - 2015/12/28/ PY - 2015/12/28/ DO - 10.1017/s000711451500392x VL - 114 IS - 12 SP - 1985-1992 SN - 1475-2662 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84949192029&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - Oxidative stress KW - Pigs KW - Small intestine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular Factors Underlying the Deposition of Intramuscular Fat and Collagen in Skeletal Muscle of Nellore and Angus Cattle AU - Martins, Taiane S. AU - Sanglard, Leticia M. P. AU - Silva, Walmir AU - Chizzotti, Mario L. AU - Renno, Luciana N. AU - Serao, Nick V. L. AU - Silva, Fabyano F. AU - Guimaraes, Simone E. F. AU - Ladeira, Marcio M. AU - Dodson, Michael V. AU - Du, Min AU - Duarte, Marcio S. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Studies have shown that intramuscular adipogenesis and fibrogenesis may concomitantly occur in skeletal muscle of beef cattle. Thus, we hypothesized that the discrepancy of intramuscular fat content in beef from Nellore and Angus was associated with differences in intramuscular adipogenesis and fibrogenesis during the finishing phase. To test our hypothesis, longissimus muscle samples of Nellore (n = 6; BW = 372.5 ± 37.3 kg) and Angus (n = 6; BW = 382.8 ± 23.9 kg) cattle were collected for analysis of gene and protein expression, and quantification of intramuscular fat and collagen. Least-squares means were estimated for the effect of Breed and differences were considered at P ≤ 0.05. A greater intramuscular fat content was observed in skeletal muscle of Angus compared to Nellore cattle (P≤0.05). No differences were observed for mRNA expression of lipogenic and lipolytic markers ACC, FAS, FABP4, SERBP-1, CPT-2, LPL, and ACOX (P > 0.05) in skeletal muscle of Nellore and Angus cattle. Similarly, no differences were observed in mRNA expression of adipogenic markers Zfp423, PPARγ, and C/EBPα (P>0.05) However, a greater PPARγ protein content was observed in skeletal muscle of Angus compared to Nellore cattle (P≤0.05). A greater abundance of adipo/fibrogenic cells, evaluated by the PDGFRα content, was observed in skeletal muscle of Angus than Nellore cattle (P≤0.05). No differences in fibrogenesis were observed in skeletal muscle of Angus and Nellore cattle, which is in accordance with the lack of differences in intramuscular collagen content in beef from both breeds (P>0.05). These findings demonstrate that difference in intramuscular fat content is associated with a slightly enhanced adipogenesis in skeletal muscle of Angus compared to Nellore cattle, while no difference in fibrogenesis. DA - 2015/10/5/ PY - 2015/10/5/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0139943 VL - 10 IS - 10 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of dietary manganese on antioxidant status and expression levels of heat-shock proteins and factors in tissues of laying broiler breeders under normal and high environmental temperatures (Retracted article. See vol. 119, pg. 117, 2018) AU - Zhu, Yong-Wen AU - Lu, Lin AU - Li, Wen-Xiang AU - Zhang, Li-Yang AU - Ji, Cheng AU - Lin, , Xi AU - Liu, Hsiao-Ching AU - Odle, Jack AU - Luo, Xu-Gang T2 - BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AB - To investigate the effect of Mn on antioxidant status and expression levels of heat-shock proteins/factors in tissues of laying broiler breeders subjected to heat challenge, we used a completely randomised design (n 6) with a factorial arrangement of 2 environmental temperatures (normal, 21 (sem 1)°C and high, 32 (sem 1)°C)×3 dietary Mn treatments (an Mn-unsupplemented basal diet (CON), or a basal diet supplemented with 120 mg Mn/kg diet as inorganic Mn sulphate (iMn) or organic Mn proteinate (oMn)). There were no interactions (P>0·10) between environmental temperature and dietary Mn in all of the measured indices. High temperature decreased (P<0·003) Mn content, and also tended (P=0·07) to decrease copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) activity in the liver and heart. However, an increased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity (P<0·05) and a slight increase of malondialdehyde level (P=0·06) were detected in breast muscle. Up-regulated (P<0·05) expression levels of heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) and HSF3 mRNA and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA and protein were found in all three tissues. Broiler breeders fed either iMn or oMn had higher tissue Mn content (P<0·0001), heart MnSOD and CuZnSOD activities (P<0·01) and breast muscle MnSOD protein levels (P<0·05), and lower (P<0·05) breast muscle HSP70 mRNA and protein levels than those fed CON. Broiler breeders fed oMn had higher (P<0·03) bone Mn content than those fed iMn. These results indicate that high temperature decreases Mn retention and increases HSP70 and HSF1, HSF3 expression levels in tissues of laying broiler breeders. Furthermore, dietary supplementation with Mn in either source may enhance heart antioxidant ability and inhibit the expression of HSP70 in breast muscle. Finally, the organic Mn appears to be more available than inorganic Mn for bone in laying broiler breeders regardless of environmental temperatures. DA - 2015/12/28/ PY - 2015/12/28/ DO - 10.1017/s0007114515003803 VL - 114 IS - 12 SP - 1965-1974 SN - 1475-2662 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84949319502&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Broiler breeders KW - Manganese KW - Heat stress KW - Antioxidant status KW - Heat-shock proteins/factors ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison between different statistical models for the prediction of direct genetic component on embryo establishment and survival in Italian Brown Swiss dairy cattle AU - Tiezzi, F. AU - Maltecca, C. AU - Cecchinato, A. AU - Bittante, G. T2 - LIVESTOCK SCIENCE AB - The aims of this study were to infer variance components and heritability for the direct component on embryo establishment and survival related traits and to compare different statistical models in terms of goodness-of-fit and predictive ability. Embryo establishment and survival (EES) was defined as the outcome of an AI event, its direct effect was represented as the effect of the service sire from which semen was taken. Indicators of EES were calving per service (CS) and non-return at 56 d after service (NR56). Insemination records from the Italian Brown Swiss population reared in the Alps were used. Data included 124,206 inseminations performed by 86 technicians on 28,873 cows in 1400 herds. Services were recorded from 1999 to 2008. Linear-sire, linear-animal, threshold-sire, and threshold-animal models were used to estimate (co)variance components for CS and NR56. Four levels of complexity within each model were tested, so that 16 different models were compared for each of the two fertility traits. Comparison was assessed on the basis of the goodness-of-fit and predictive ability. Paternal half-sibs groups were created as average outcome of the inseminations from a given service sire. Goodness-of-fit was evaluated by regressing the service sire estimated breeding value from each model to paternal half-sibs average CS or NR56. Predictive ability was assessed through sums of chi-squared and percentage of wrong predictions. Predictors were the respective service sire’s estimated breeding values constructed on a reduced (independent) training dataset, including years from 1999 to 2005, and predictands were the paternal half-sibs means for every bull in the remaining years (2006–2008). Prediction of EES was considered differently according to whether service sires had observations in the training dataset (prediction of proven bulls) or they had not (prediction of young bulls). Estimates of heritability ranged from 0.011 to 0.119 for CS, and from 0.005 to 0.054 for NR56. In general, threshold models explained a larger proportion of additive genetic variance than linear models, and animal models yielded higher heritabilities than sire models. Calving per service was much more predictable than NR56, but no significant differences were found among models. Although heritabilities were low, the prediction of future EES of a paternal half-sib group is feasible. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015/10// DO - 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.06.029 VL - 180 SP - 6-13 SN - 1878-0490 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84941940825&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Bull fertility KW - Heritability KW - Model comparison KW - Threshold model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transplacental induction of fatty acid oxidation in term fetal pigs by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist clofibrate AU - Lin, Xi AU - Jacobi, Sheila AU - Odle, Jack T2 - Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology AB - To induce peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) expression and increase milk fat utilization in pigs at birth, the effect of maternal feeding of the PPARα agonist, clofibrate (2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl-propanoic acid, ethyl ester), on fatty acid oxidation was examined at full-term delivery (0 h) and 24 h after delivery in this study. Each group of pigs (n = 10) was delivered from pregnant sows fed a commercial diet with or without 0.8% clofibrate for the last 7 d of gestation. Blood samples were collected from the utero-ovarian artery of the sows and the umbilical cords of the pigs as they were removed from the sows by C-section on day 113 of gestation. HPLC analysis identified that clofibric acid was present in the plasma of the clofibrate-fed sow (~4.2 μg/mL) and its offspring (~1.5 μg/mL). Furthermore, the maternal-fed clofibrate had no impact on the liver weight of the pigs at 0 h and 24 h, but hepatic fatty acid oxidation examined in fresh homogenates showed that clofibrate increased (P < 0.01) 14C-accumulation in CO2 and acid soluble products 2.9-fold from [1-14C]-oleic acid and 1.6-fold from [1-14C]-lignoceric acid respectively. Correspondingly, clofibrate increased fetal hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) activities by 36% and 42% over controls (P < 0.036). The mRNA abundance of CPT I was 20-fold higher in pigs exposed to clofibrate (P < 0.0001) but no differences were detected for ACO and PPARα mRNA between the two groups. These data demonstrate that dietary clofibrate is absorbed by the sow, crosses the placental membrane, and enters fetal circulation to induce hepatic fatty acid oxidation by increasing the CPT and ACO activities of the newborn. DA - 2015/3/26/ PY - 2015/3/26/ DO - 10.1186/s40104-015-0010-7 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - J2 - J Animal Sci Biotechnol LA - en OP - SN - 2049-1891 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-015-0010-7 DB - Crossref KW - Clofibrate KW - Fatty acid oxidation KW - Pigs KW - Placenta transfer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Short communication: Genomic selection for hoof lesions in first-parity US Holsteins AU - Dhakal, K. AU - Tiezzi, F. AU - Clay, J. S. AU - Maltecca, C. T2 - JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AB - Hoof lesions contributing to lameness are crucial economic factors that hinder the profitability of dairy enterprises. Producer-recorded hoof lesions data of US Holsteins were categorized into infectious (abscess, digital and interdigital dermatitis, heel erosion, and foot rot) and noninfectious (korn, corkscrew, sole and toe ulcer, sole hemorrhage, white line separation, fissures, thin soles, and upper leg lesions) categories of hoof lesions. Pedigree- and genomic-based univariate analyses were conducted to estimate the variance components and heritability of infectious and noninfectious hoof lesions. A threshold sire model was used with fixed effects of year-seasons and random effects of herd and sire. For genomic-based analysis, a single-step procedure was conducted, incorporating H matrix to estimate genomic variance components and heritability for hoof lesions. The pedigree-based analysis produced heritability estimates of 0.11 (±0.05) for infectious hoof lesions and 0.08 (±0.05) for noninfectious hoof lesions. The single-step genomic analysis produced heritability estimates of 0.14 (±0.06) for infectious hoof lesions and 0.12 (±0.08) for noninfectious hoof lesions. Approximated genetic correlations between hoof lesion traits and hoof type traits along with productive life and net merit were all low and ranged between −0.25 and 0.14. Sire reliabilities increased, on average, by 0.24 and 0.18 for infectious and noninfectious hoof lesions, respectively, with incorporation of genomic data. DA - 2015/5// PY - 2015/5// DO - 10.3168/jds.2014-8830 VL - 98 IS - 5 SP - 3502-3507 SN - 1525-3198 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84928093134&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - genomic selection KW - hoof lesions KW - reliability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genome-wide association study on legendre random regression coefficients for the growth and feed intake trajectory on Duroc Boars AU - Howard, Jeremy T. AU - Jiao, Shihui AU - Tiezzi, Francesco AU - Huang, Yijian AU - Gray, Kent A. AU - Maltecca, Christian T2 - BMC GENETICS AB - Feed intake and growth are economically important traits in swine production. Previous genome wide association studies (GWAS) have utilized average daily gain or daily feed intake to identify regions that impact growth and feed intake across time. The use of longitudinal models in GWAS studies, such as random regression, allows for SNPs having a heterogeneous effect across the trajectory to be characterized. The objective of this study is therefore to conduct a single step GWAS (ssGWAS) on the animal polynomial coefficients for feed intake and growth.Corrected daily feed intake (DFI Adj) and average daily weight measurements (DBW Avg) on 8981 (n=525,240 observations) and 5643 (n=283,607 observations) animals were utilized in a random regression model using Legendre polynomials (order=2) and a relationship matrix that included genotyped and un-genotyped animals. A ssGWAS was conducted on the animal polynomials coefficients (intercept, linear and quadratic) for animals with genotypes (DFIAdj: n=855; DBWAvg: n=590). Regions were characterized based on the variance of 10-SNP sliding windows GEBV (WGEBV). A bootstrap analysis (n=1000) was conducted to declare significance. Heritability estimates for the traits trajectory ranged from 0.34-0.52 to 0.07-0.23 for DBWAvg and DFIAdj, respectively. Genetic correlations across age classes were large and positive for both DBWAvg and DFIAdj, albeit age classes at the beginning had a small to moderate genetic correlation with age classes towards the end of the trajectory for both traits. The WGEBV variance explained by significant regions (P<0.001) for each polynomial coefficient ranged from 0.2-0.9 to 0.3-1.01% for DBWAvg and DFIAdj, respectively. The WGEBV variance explained by significant regions for the trajectory was 1.54 and 1.95% for DBWAvg and DFIAdj. Both traits identified candidate genes with functions related to metabolite and energy homeostasis, glucose and insulin signaling and behavior.We have identified regions of the genome that have an impact on the intercept, linear and quadratic terms for DBWAvg and DFIAdj. These results provide preliminary evidence that individual growth and feed intake trajectories are impacted by different regions of the genome at different times. DA - 2015/5/30/ PY - 2015/5/30/ DO - 10.1186/s12863-015-0218-8 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - SN - 1471-2156 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84930210856&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Swine KW - Random regression KW - Genome wide-association study KW - Growth and feed intake ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterizing homozygosity across United States, New Zealand and Australian Jersey cow and bull populations AU - Howard, Jeremy T. AU - Maltecca, Christian AU - Haile-Mariam, Mekonnen AU - Hayes, Ben J. AU - Pryce, Jennie E. T2 - BMC GENOMICS AB - Dairy cattle breeding objectives are in general similar across countries, but environment and management conditions may vary, giving rise to slightly different selection pressures applied to a given trait. This potentially leads to different selection pressures to loci across the genome that, if large enough, may give rise to differential regions with high levels of homozygosity. The objective of this study was to characterize differences and similarities in the location and frequency of homozygosity related measures of Jersey dairy cows and bulls from the United States (US), Australia (AU) and New Zealand (NZ). The populations consisted of a subset of genotyped Jersey cows born in US (n = 1047) and AU (n = 886) and Jersey bulls progeny tested from the US (n = 736), AU (n = 306) and NZ (n = 768). Differences and similarities across populations were characterized using a principal component analysis (PCA) and a run of homozygosity (ROH) statistic (ROH45), which counts the frequency of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) being in a ROH of at least 45 SNP. Regions that exhibited high frequencies of ROH45 and those that had significantly different ROH45 frequencies between populations were investigated for their association with milk yield traits. Within sex, the PCA revealed slight differentiation between the populations, with the greatest occurring between the US and NZ bulls. Regions with high levels of ROH45 for all populations were detected on BTA3 and BTA7 while several other regions differed in ROH45 frequency across populations, the largest number occurring for the US and NZ bull contrast. In addition, multiple regions with different ROH45 frequencies across populations were found to be associated with milk yield traits. Multiple regions exhibited differential ROH45 across AU, NZ and US cow and bull populations, an interpretation is that locations of the genome are undergoing differential directional selection. Two regions on BTA3 and BTA7 had high ROH45 frequencies across all populations and will be investigated further to determine the gene(s) undergoing directional selection. DA - 2015/3/15/ PY - 2015/3/15/ DO - 10.1186/s12864-015-1352-4 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - SN - 1471-2164 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85019258044&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Dairy cattle KW - Runs of homozygosity KW - Signature of selection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of recombinant glutathione reductase from the psychrophilic Antarctic bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea AU - Ji, Mikyoung AU - Barnwell, Callie V. AU - Grunden, Amy M. T2 - EXTREMOPHILES DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.1007/s00792-015-0762-1 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 863-874 SN - 1433-4909 KW - Colwellia psychrerythraea KW - Glutathione reductase KW - Psychrophile KW - Oxidative stress KW - Antioxidant enzyme ER - TY - JOUR TI - Causal relationships between milk quality and coagulation properties in Italian Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle AU - Tiezzi, Francesco AU - Valente, Bruno D. AU - Cassandro, Martino AU - Maltecca, Christian T2 - GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION AB - Recently, selection for milk technological traits was initiated in the Italian dairy cattle industry based on direct measures of milk coagulation properties (MCP) such as rennet coagulation time (RCT) and curd firmness 30 min after rennet addition (a30) and on some traditional milk quality traits that are used as predictors, such as somatic cell score (SCS) and casein percentage (CAS). The aim of this study was to shed light on the causal relationships between traditional milk quality traits and MCP. Different structural equation models that included causal effects of SCS and CAS on RCT and a30 and of RCT on a30 were implemented in a Bayesian framework.Our results indicate a non-zero magnitude of the causal relationships between the traits studied. Causal effects of SCS and CAS on RCT and a30 were observed, which suggests that the relationship between milk coagulation ability and traditional milk quality traits depends more on phenotypic causal pathways than directly on common genetic influence. While RCT does not seem to be largely controlled by SCS and CAS, some of the variation in a30 depends on the phenotypes of these traits. However, a30 depends heavily on coagulation time. Our results also indicate that, when direct effects of SCS, CAS and RCT are considered simultaneously, most of the overall genetic variability of a30 is mediated by other traits.This study suggests that selection for RCT and a30 should not be performed on correlated traits such as SCS or CAS but on direct measures because the ability of milk to coagulate is improved through the causal effect that the former play on the latter, rather than from a common source of genetic variation. Breaking the causal link (e.g. standardizing SCS or CAS before the milk is processed into cheese) would reduce the impact of the improvement due to selective breeding. Since a30 depends heavily on RCT, the relative emphasis that is put on this trait should be reconsidered and weighted for the fact that the pure measure of a30 almost double-counts RCT. DA - 2015/5/13/ PY - 2015/5/13/ DO - 10.1186/s12711-015-0123-7 VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - SN - 1297-9686 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84938963215&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Herbage selection, intake and digestibility in grazing beef cattle AU - Reis, S. F. AU - Huntington, G. AU - Hopkins, M. AU - Whisnant, S. AU - Paulino, P. V. R. T2 - LIVESTOCK SCIENCE AB - The objectives of this study were to measure voluntary herbage intake in kg of dry matter (DM) per day and in proportions of plant species and components (leaf, stem, dead material) of nonlactating Angus cows under grazing conditions and compare DM herbage intakes to intakes of the same cows when they were nursing their calves. Twenty nonlactating Angus cows (50±12 mo of age, 525±55 kg weight) were selected from a larger herd to create 4 groups of 5 cows with average DM intakes that ranged from 11 to 15 kg/d during lactation. The cows were allocated for 28 d as a group on the pasture that contained 5540 kg DM/ha as tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon var. Tifton-85), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and other plants. Pasture composition was measured by visual appraisal and manual separation of pasture clippings. Daily allocations provided approximately 2.5 kg DM/100 kg BW. Each cow was individually fed 0.82 kg supplement DM daily that contained 498 mg of the n-alkane dotriacontane (C32) and 448 mg hexatriacontane (C36) during the last 14 d. Fecal grab samples were collected from each cow during the last 5 d. Grazing intake (8.92±1.5 kg DM/d) was calculated for each cow from C32 intake and ratios of tritriacontane (C33):C32 in feces and did not differ (P=0.97) among cow groups. Individual cow intakes during lactation and after weaning, during grazing, were not correlated. Measured sward and calculated intake proportions of tall fescue (0.58 and 0.65), bermudagrass (0.38 and 0.33), and red clover (0.02 and 0.01) indicated cows selected slightly more tall fescue and less bermudagrass and red clover than was on offer. Manual separations of sward and calculated intake proportions of dead material and stem (0.89 and 0.95), green leaf (0.10 and 0.02) and other material (0.01 and 0.04) were similar. N-alkanes provided credible calculations of intake by grazing cows. Intakes of lactating cows did not predict their intake after weaning. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.01.020 VL - 174 SP - 39-45 SN - 1878-0490 KW - Beef cows KW - Pasture KW - Intake selection KW - Alkane ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genomic prediction of disease occurrence using producer-recorded health data: a comparison of methods AU - Gaddis, Kristen L. Parker AU - Tiezzi, Francesco AU - Cole, John B. AU - Clay, John S. AU - Maltecca, Christian T2 - GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION AB - Genetic selection has been successful in achieving increased production in dairy cattle; however, corresponding declines in fitness traits have been documented. Selection for fitness traits is more difficult, since they have low heritabilities and are influenced by various non-genetic factors. The objective of this paper was to investigate the predictive ability of two-stage and single-step genomic selection methods applied to health data collected from on-farm computer systems in the U.S. Implementation of single-trait and two-trait sire models was investigated using BayesA and single-step methods for mastitis and somatic cell score. Variance components were estimated. The complete dataset was divided into training and validation sets to perform model comparison. Estimated sire breeding values were used to estimate the number of daughters expected to develop mastitis. Predictive ability of each model was assessed by the sum of χ 2 values that compared predicted and observed numbers of daughters with mastitis and the proportion of wrong predictions. According to the model applied, estimated heritabilities of liability to mastitis ranged from 0.05 (S D=0.02) to 0.11 (S D=0.03) and estimated heritabilities of somatic cell score ranged from 0.08 (S D=0.01) to 0.18 (S D=0.03). Posterior mean of genetic correlation between mastitis and somatic cell score was equal to 0.63 (S D=0.17). The single-step method had the best predictive ability. Conversely, the smallest number of wrong predictions was obtained with the univariate BayesA model. The best model fit was found for single-step and pedigree-based models. Bivariate single-step analysis had a better predictive ability than bivariate BayesA; however, the latter led to the smallest number of wrong predictions. Genomic data improved our ability to predict animal breeding values. Performance of genomic selection methods depends on a multitude of factors. Heritability of traits and reliability of genotyped individuals has a large impact on the performance of genomic evaluation methods. Given the current characteristics of producer-recorded health data, single-step methods have several advantages compared to two-step methods. DA - 2015/5/8/ PY - 2015/5/8/ DO - 10.1186/s12711-015-0093-9 VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - SN - 1297-9686 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84928778631&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic Architecture of Micro-Environmental Plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster AU - Morgante, Fabio AU - Sørensen, Peter AU - Sorensen, Daniel A. AU - Maltecca, Christian AU - Mackay, Trudy F. C. T2 - Scientific Reports AB - Individuals of the same genotype do not have the same phenotype for quantitative traits when reared under common macro-environmental conditions, a phenomenon called micro-environmental plasticity. Genetic variation in micro-environmental plasticity is assumed in models of the evolution of phenotypic variance, and is important in applied breeding and personalized medicine. Here, we quantified genetic variation for micro-environmental plasticity for three quantitative traits in the inbred, sequenced lines of the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel. We found substantial genetic variation for micro-environmental plasticity for all traits, with broad sense heritabilities of the same magnitude or greater than those of trait means. Micro-environmental plasticity is not correlated with residual segregating variation, is trait-specific, and has genetic correlations with trait means ranging from zero to near unity. We identified several candidate genes associated with micro-environmental plasticity of startle response, including Drosophila Hsp90, setting the stage for future genetic dissection of this phenomenon. DA - 2015/5/6/ PY - 2015/5/6/ DO - 10.1038/srep09785 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - J2 - Sci Rep LA - en OP - SN - 2045-2322 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep09785 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of fermented soybean meal on innate immunity-related gene expressions in nursery pigs acutely challenged with lipopolysaccharides AU - Roh, Sang-Gun AU - Carroll, Jeffery A. AU - Kim, Sung Woo T2 - Animal Science Journal AB - Abstract This experiment was to determine if replacing soybean meal with fermented soybean meal ( FSBM ) would reduce the innate immune response after lipopolysaccharide challenge and the changes of gene expression profiles associated with this response. Forty‐eight 21 day‐old pigs were housed individually and fed three diets for 15 days: CON (a diet without FSBM or spray‐dried plasma protein; SDPP ), PP7 (a diet with 7% SDPP ), and FS10 (a diet with 10% FSBM ). Pigs were fitted with a jugular vein catheters receiving lipopolysaccharide challenge (25 μg/kg body weight ( BW )) on day 15. Blood was collected for 5 h at 30‐min intervals to measure cortisol. Expressions of gene transcripts in total RNA from leukocytes were compared using an oligonucleotide microarray at 210 min after lipopolysaccharides injection. Cortisol of FS10 was lower ( P < 0.05) than CON after lipopolysaccharides challenge. The expression levels of 17 transcripts, including cytosolic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S ‐transferase A4‐4 were increased ( P < 0.05), whereas 23 genes including adiponectin, neonatal Fc receptor and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 were decreased ( P < 0.05) in FS10. This study suggests that FSBM ‐fed pigs can modulate expression of genes related to inflammatory response and anti‐oxidant activity which can be a potential reason for reduced serum cortisol. DA - 2015/5// PY - 2015/5// DO - 10.1111/asj.12319 VL - 86 IS - 5 SP - 508–516 SN - 1344-3941 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asj.12319 KW - fermented soybean meal KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - pig KW - plasma protein ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio on fatty acid composition, free amino acid profile and gene expression of transporters in finishing pigs AU - Li, Fengna AU - Duan, Yehui AU - Li, Yinghui AU - Tang, Yulong AU - Geng, Meimei AU - Oladele, Oso Abimbola AU - Kim, Sung Woo AU - Yin, Yulong T2 - British Journal of Nutrition AB - Revealing the expression patterns of fatty acid and amino acid transporters as affected by dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio would be useful for further clarifying the importance of the balance between n-6 and n-3 PUFA. A total of ninety-six finishing pigs were fed one of four diets with the ratio of 1:1, 2·5:1, 5:1 and 10:1. Pigs fed the dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 5:1 had the highest (P< 0·05) daily weight gain, and those fed the dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 1:1 had the largest loin muscle area (P< 0·01). The concentration of n-3 PUFA was raised as the ratio declined (P< 0·05) in the longissimus dorsi and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The contents of tryptophan, tasty amino acids and branched-chain amino acids in the longissimus dorsi were enhanced in pigs fed the dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1-5:1. The mRNA expression level of the fatty acid transporter fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP-1) was declined (P< 0·05) in the longissimus dorsi of pigs fed the dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1-5:1, and increased (P< 0·05) in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs fed the dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 5:1 and 10:1. The expression profile of FATP-4 was similar to those of FATP-1 in the adipose tissue. The mRNA expression level of the amino acid transceptors LAT1 and SNAT2 was up-regulated (P< 0·05) in the longissimus dorsi of pigs fed the dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1 and 2·5:1. In conclusion, maintaining the dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1-5:1 would facilitate the absorption and utilisation of fatty acids and free amino acids, and result in improved muscle and adipose composition. DA - 2015/2/23/ PY - 2015/2/23/ DO - 10.1017/s0007114514004346 VL - 113 IS - 5 SP - 739-748 J2 - Br J Nutr LA - en OP - SN - 0007-1145 1475-2662 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514004346 DB - Crossref KW - n-6 KW - n-3 PUFA ratios KW - Fatty acids KW - Amino acids KW - Transporters KW - Finishing pigs ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early-life dietary spray-dried plasma influences immunological and intestinal injury responses to later-life Salmonella typhimurium challenge AU - Boyer, P. E. AU - S. D'Costa, AU - Edwards, L. L. AU - Milloway, M. AU - Susick, E. AU - Borst, L. B. AU - Thakur, S. AU - Campbell, J. M. AU - Crenshaw, J. D. AU - Polo, J. AU - Moeser, A. J. T2 - BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AB - Increasing evidence supports the concept that early-life environmental influences, including nutrition and stress, have an impact on long-term health outcomes and disease susceptibility. The objective of the present study was to determine whether dietary spray-dried plasma (SDP), fed during the first 2 weeks post-weaning (PW), influences subsequent immunological and intestinal injury responses to Salmonella typhimurium challenge. A total of thirty-two piglets (age 16-17 d) were weaned onto nursery diets containing 0, 2·5 % SDP (fed for 7 d PW) or 5 % SDP (fed for 14 d PW), and were then fed control diets (without SDP), for the remainder of the experiment. At 34 d PW (age 50 d), pigs were challenged with 3 × 10⁹ colony-forming units of S. typhimurium. A control group (non-challenged) that was fed 0 % SDP in the nursery was included. At 2 d post-challenge, the distal ileum was harvested for the measurement of inflammatory, histological and intestinal physiological parameters. S. typhimurium challenge induced elevated ileal histological scores, myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-8 and TNF, and increased intestinal permeability (indicated by reduced transepithelial voltage (potential difference) and elevated 4 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FD4) flux rates). Compared with S. typhimurium-challenged controls (0 % SDP), pigs fed the 5 % SDP-14 d diet exhibited reduced ileal histological scores, MPO levels, IL-8 levels and FD4 flux rates. Pigs fed the 5 % SDP-14 d nursery diet exhibited increased levels of plasma and ileal TNF-α in response to the challenge, compared with the other treatments. These results indicate that inclusion of SDP in PW diets can have an influence on subsequent immunological and intestinal injury responses induced by later-life S. typhimurium challenge. DA - 2015/3/14/ PY - 2015/3/14/ DO - 10.1017/s000711451400422x VL - 113 IS - 5 SP - 783-793 SN - 1475-2662 KW - Spray-dried plasma KW - Early-life nutrition KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Intestinal inflammation KW - Mucosal immunity KW - Intestinal permeability KW - Weaning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessment of protein synthesis in highly aerobic canine species at the onset and during exercise training AU - Miller, Benjamin F. AU - Ehrlicher, Sarah E. AU - Drake, Joshua C. AU - Peelor, Frederick F., III AU - Biela, Laurie M. AU - Pratt-Phillips, Shannon AU - Davis, Michael AU - Hamilton, Karyn L. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AB - Canis lupus familiaris, the domesticated dog, is capable of extreme endurance performance. The ability to perform sustained aerobic exercise is dependent on a well-developed mitochondrial reticulum. In this study we examined the cumulative muscle protein and DNA synthesis in groups of athletic dogs at the onset of an exercise training program and following a strenuous exercise training program. We hypothesized that both at the onset and during an exercise training program there would be greater mitochondrial protein synthesis rates compared with sedentary control with no difference in mixed or cytoplasmic protein synthesis rates. Protein synthetic rates of three protein fractions and DNA synthesis were determined over 1 wk using (2)H2O in competitive Alaskan Huskies and Labrador Retrievers trained for explosive device detection. Both groups of dogs had very high rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis in the sedentary state [Alaskan Huskies: Mixed = 2.28 ± 0.12, cytoplasmic (Cyto) = 2.91 ± 0.10, and mitochondrial (Mito) = 2.62 ± 0.07; Labrador Retrievers: Mixed = 3.88 ± 0.37, Cyto = 3.85 ± 0.06, and Mito = 2.92 ± 0.20%/day]. Mitochondrial (Mito) protein synthesis rates did not increase at the onset of an exercise training program. Exercise-trained dogs maintained Mito protein synthesis during exercise training when mixed (Mixed) and cytosolic (Cyto) fractions decreased, and this coincided with a decrease in p-RpS6 but also a decrease in p-ACC signaling. Contrary to our hypothesis, canines did not have large increases in mitochondrial protein synthesis at the onset or during an exercise training program. However, dogs have a high rate of protein synthesis compared with humans that perhaps does not necessitate an extra increase in protein synthesis at the onset of aerobic exercise training. DA - 2015/4/1/ PY - 2015/4/1/ DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00982.2014 VL - 118 IS - 7 SP - 811-817 SN - 1522-1601 KW - comparative KW - deuterium oxide KW - dogs KW - exercise KW - stable isotope ER - TY - JOUR TI - Accounting for trait architecture in genomic predictions of US Holstein cattle using a weighted realized relationship matrix AU - Tiezzi, Francesco AU - Maltecca, Christian T2 - GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION AB - Genomic BLUP (GBLUP) can predict breeding values for non-phenotyped individuals based on the identity-by-state genomic relationship matrix (G). The G matrix can be constructed from thousands of markers spread across the genome. The strongest assumption of G and consequently of GBLUP is that all markers contribute equally to the genetic variance of a trait. This assumption is violated for traits that are controlled by a small number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) or individual QTL with large effects. In this paper, we investigate the performance of using a weighted genomic relationship matrix (wG) that takes into consideration the genetic architecture of the trait in order to improve predictive ability for a wide range of traits. Multiple methods were used to calculate weights for several economically relevant traits in US Holstein dairy cattle. Predictive performance was tested by k-means cross-validation.Relaxing the GBLUP assumption of equal marker contribution by increasing the weight that is given to a specific marker in the construction of the trait-specific G resulted in increased predictive performance. The increase was strongest for traits that are controlled by a small number of QTL (e.g. fat and protein percentage). Furthermore, bias in prediction estimates was reduced compared to that resulting from the use of regular G. Even for traits with low heritability and lower general predictive performance (e.g. calving ease traits), weighted G still yielded a gain in accuracy.Genomic relationship matrices weighted by marker realized variance yielded more accurate and less biased predictions for traits regulated by few QTL. Genome-wide association analyses were used to derive marker weights for creating weighted genomic relationship matrices. However, this can be cumbersome and prone to low stability over generations because of erosion of linkage disequilibrium between markers and QTL. Future studies may include other sources of information, such as functional annotation and gene networks, to better exploit the genetic architecture of traits and produce more stable predictions. DA - 2015/4/2/ PY - 2015/4/2/ DO - 10.1186/s12711-015-0100-1 VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - SN - 1297-9686 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84961377449&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The sow body condition caliper AU - Knauer, M. T. AU - Baitinger, D. J. T2 - Applied Engineering in Agriculture AB - Abstract. Sows throughout the world are commonly fed to a subjective body condition target. Therefore, the objective of the study was to develop a fast and accurate, objective tool to measure sow body condition. A prototype caliper was developed to quantify the angularity from the spinous process to the transverse process of a sow’s back. The sow caliper technology is based on the premise that as a sow loses weight, fat and muscle her back becomes more angular. The arms of the caliper were 3.8 cm tall and could be adjusted to 16.5, 21.6, 26.7, or 31.8 cm wide. Landrace × Large White gilts and multiparous sows (n = 315) were utilized to associate the caliper with weight, backfat, muscling, and visual body condition at commercial sow farms in eastern North Carolina. The caliper was evaluated at locations on the sow’s back: behind the shoulder, middle of the back, and at the last rib. Sow weight was estimated and parity recorded. Backfat (BF) and loin depth (LD) were measured using an Aloka 500V SSD ultrasound machine. Visual body condition (BCS) was scored using a scale of 1 (thin) to 5 (over conditioned). Weight, BF, LD, and BCS explained 51% to 71% of the variation in caliper measures. Results suggest the optimal sow caliper width was 26.7 cm and measurements should be taken at the last rib. The sow body condition caliper is an objective tool that can be used by farmers to standardize sow body condition. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.13031/aea.31.10632 VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 175-178 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maternal serum progesterone concentration and early conceptus development of bovine embryos produced in vivo or in vitro AU - Barnwell, C. V. AU - Farin, P. W. AU - Whisnant, C. S. AU - Alexander, J. E. AU - Farin, C. E. T2 - DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AB - The hormone progesterone is essential for proper embryonic development. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between recipient serum concentrations of progesterone, at the time of embryo transfer and at conceptus recovery, on conceptus development from in vivo- or in vitro-produced embryos. Embryos were produced in vivo by superovulation of Holstein cows (IVO; n = 17) or in vitro with either serum-containing (IVPS; n = 27) or serum-restricted medium (IVPSR; n = 34). Single grade I blastocysts from each embryo production system were transferred into heifers on day 7 of development. Conceptuses were recovered on day 17 of gestation and classified as complete, degenerated, or no conceptus. Compared with the IVO group, in vitro-produced embryos had more (P = 0.055) degenerated conceptuses (IVO, 0%; IVPS, 18.5%; and IVPSR, 20.6%). There were no differences in progesterone concentrations at the time of transfer when recipients received either male or female embryos (P > 0.05). Progesterone concentrations in recipients receiving in vivo-produced embryos were higher (P < 0.05; 3.74 ± 0.4 ng/mL; least-squares mean ± standard error of the mean) on day 7 compared with those receiving in vitro-produced embryos (IVPS, 2.4 ± 0.2; IVPSR, 2.58 ± 0.3 ng/mL). However, there was no difference in progesterone concentration on day 7 between treatment groups for heifers from which short conceptuses (≤194 mm) were recovered on day 17. In contrast, when longer (>194 mm) conceptuses were recovered on day 17, heifers receiving in vitro-produced embryos had lower (P = 0.05) serum concentrations of progesterone on day 7 compared with those receiving in vivo-produced embryos (IVPS, 2.2 ± 0.5; IVPSR, 2.3 ± 0.5; IVO, 3.9 ± 0.5 ng/mL). In conclusion, differences in autonomy may exist between in vitro- and in vivo-produced embryos during the period of conceptus elongation with in vitro-produced embryos relying more on intrinsic factors to influence elongation. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.03.004 VL - 52 SP - 75-81 SN - 1879-0054 KW - Cattle KW - Embryo KW - Conceptus KW - Progesterone KW - In vitro production KW - Embryo transfer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of short term supplementation of L-tryptophan and reducing large neutral amino acid along with L-tryptophan supplementation on growth and stress response in pigs AU - Shen, Y. B. AU - Coffey, M. T. AU - Kim, S. W. T2 - ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of short term dietary supplementation of l-Trp and reducing large neutral amino acid (LNAA; valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) on growth and stress response in nursery and growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 674 crossbred pigs in 40 pens at 9-week of age were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments with supplementation of 0.0% and 0.8% l-Trp to a corn and soybean meal basal diet. Experimental period was composed of 5 days in a nursery and 7 days in a finisher. After 12 days feeding of experimental diets, pigs were provided a common diet for an additional 7 days. In Exp. 2, 108 crossbred barrows at 6-week of age were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments: (1) a corn soybean meal basal diet (4.5% LNAA) supplemented with 0.0% l-Trp; (2) a corn soybean meal basal diet (4.5% LNAA) supplemented with 0.8% l-Trp; (3) a reduced LNAA (3.8%) diet supplemented with 0.7% l-Trp, which had the same Trp:LNAA ratio as treatment 2. The experimental period lasted 16 days. In Exp. 1, during the entire period, pigs fed the diet supplemented with 0.8% l-Trp had increased ADG and gain:feed (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) compared with pigs fed the diet without l-Trp supplementation. On day 6, one day after mixing, pigs fed the diet supplemented with 0.8% l-Trp had a lower (P < 0.05) concentration of salivary cortisol compared with pigs fed the diet without l-Trp supplementation. In Exp. 2, during the entire period, pigs fed the diet supplemented with 0.8% l-Trp or a reduced LNAA diet supplemented with 0.7% l-Trp had increased gain:feed (P < 0.01) compared with pigs fed the diet without l-Trp supplementation. Weight gain and gain:feed were similar (P > 0.05) between pigs fed the diet supplemented with 0.8% l-Trp and pigs fed a reduced LNAA diet supplemented with 0.7% l-Trp. In conclusion, short term supplementation of 0.8% l-Trp improved growth performance of pigs during period of social-mixing and was associated with reduced stress hormone concentrations. Dietary supplementation of 0.8% l-Trp had similar effects on feed efficiency as a reduced LNAA diet supplemented with 0.7% l-Trp, suggesting lowering LNAA is a valid method of reducing levels of l-Trp supplementation required for mitigating stress response. DA - 2015/9// PY - 2015/9// DO - 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.020 VL - 207 SP - 245-252 SN - 1873-2216 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84938202207&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Growth KW - Large neutral amino acid KW - Pigs KW - Stress KW - Tryptophan ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of feed form and dietary coarse ground corn on broiler live performance, body weight uniformity, relative gizzard weight, excreta nitrogen, and particle size preference behaviors AU - Xu, Y. AU - Stark, C. R. AU - Ferket, P. R. AU - Williams, C. M. AU - Brake, J. T2 - POULTRY SCIENCE AB - In this 14-d cage study, the effects of feed form (mash and crumble) and 6 coarse ground corn (CC) inclusions [0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% CC that replaced fine corn (FC)] on broiler live performance, BW uniformity, gizzard weight, excreta nitrogen, and particle size preference were investigated. The geometric mean diameter by mass (dgw) of mash diets increased from 422 μm to 431, 471, 509, 542, and 640 μm, respectively, as the percentage of CC increased. Feed intake and BW were decreased by CC and mash at 7 d. Interactions between feed form and CC were observed for feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 7 d of age (P < 0.01), and feed intake (P < 0.05), BW (P < 0.01), and gizzard weight (P < 0.01) at 14 d of age. Feed intake for all CC inclusions in crumble diets was similar and exceeded (P < 0.01) that of mash diets at 14 d. Among mash diets, the 10 and 30% CC feed intake was greater (P < 0.05) than 40 and 50% CC with 0 and 20% CC intermediate. Crumble diets produced a similar BW but greater 14-d BW than mash diets (P < 0.01). Within mash diets, 40 and 50% CC produced a smaller BW (P < 0.01). The FCR at 7 d of CC inclusions in crumble diets was improved (P < 0.01) versus the same CC in mash diets. Within mash diets, 40% CC performed poorer than 0, 10, 20, and 30% CC diets with 50% CC diet intermediate (P < 0.01). Crumble diets improved FCR at 14 d, but CC worsened FCR. Gizzard weight at 14 d was not affected by CC in crumble diets, while it increased with CC in mash diets (P < 0.01). Excreta nitrogen was increased (P < 0.01) by crumble diets. These data demonstrated that pelleting and crumbling reduced the impact of CC, produced a more consistent feed intake, and reduced selective feeding, and that CC stimulated gizzard weight in a linear manner in mash diets. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.3382/ps/pev074 VL - 94 IS - 7 SP - 1549-1556 SN - 1525-3171 KW - corn particle size KW - mash KW - crumbled diet KW - gizzard KW - selective feeding behavior ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of acute and chronic heat stress on plasma metabolites, hormones and oxidant status in restrictedly fed broiler breeders AU - Xie, Jingjing AU - Tang, Li AU - Lu, Lin AU - Zhang, Liyang AU - Lin, Xi AU - Liu, Hsiao-Ching AU - Odle, Jack AU - Luo, Xugang T2 - Poultry Science AB - Heat tolerance can be improved by feed restriction in broiler chickens. It is unknown whether the same is true for broiler breeders, which are restrictedly fed. Therefore, the current study was conducted to study the effects of heat stress on plasma metabolites, hormones, and oxidative status of restricted fed broiler breeders with special emphases on the temperature and latency of heat exposure. In trial 1, 12 broiler breeders were kept either in a thermoneutral chamber (21°C, control, n = 6) or in a chamber with a step-wise increased environmental temperature from 21 to 33°C (21, 25, 29, 33°C, heat-stressed, n = 6). Changes in plasma total cholesterol, glucose, and triiodothyronine (T3) were closely related to the environmental temperature. When the temperature reached 29°C, plasma T3 (P < 0.05) was significantly decreased in acute heat-stressed birds, whereas plasma glucose (P < 0.001) and cholesterol (P = 0.002) increased only when the temperature reached 33°C. Plasma triglyceride (P = 0.026) and creatine kinase (CK, P = 0.018) were lower in heat-stressed birds than controls regardless of the temperatures applied. In Trial 2, 24 broiler breeders were divided into 2 groups and raised under 21°C and 32°C for 8 weeks, respectively. Total cholesterol was increased in chronic heat-stressed broiler breeders after 4 weeks. Plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, P = 0.047) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT, P = 0.036) was up-regulated after 6 weeks of thermal treatment, whereas plasma CK (P = 0.009) was increased at the end of thermal treatment. Plasma malonaldehyde, protein carbonyl content, activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), and corticosterone content were not altered after acute and prolonged heat challenges. Taken together, acute heat stress primarily resulted in disturbance of plasma metabolites, whereas chronic heat stress caused tissue damage reflected by increased plasma LDA, GOT, and CK. During acute heat stress, plasma metabolites were minimally disturbed in broiler breeders until the environmental temperature reached 33°C. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.3382/ps/pev105 VL - 94 IS - 7 SP - 1635-1644 J2 - Poultry Science LA - en OP - SN - 0032-5791 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev105 DB - Crossref KW - broiler breeder KW - heat stress KW - metabolite KW - hormone KW - oxidation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dynamic Distribution of the Gut Microbiota and the Relationship with Apparent Crude Fiber Digestibility and Growth Stages in Pigs AU - Niu, Qing AU - Li, Pinghua AU - Hao, Shuaishuai AU - Zhang, Yeqiu AU - Kim, Sung Woo AU - Li, Huizhi AU - Ma, Xiang AU - Gao, Shuo AU - He, Lichun AU - Wu, WangJun AU - Huang, Xuegen AU - Hua, Jindi AU - Zhou, Bo AU - Huang, Ruihua T2 - Scientific Reports AB - The gut microbiota plays an important role in nutrient digestibility in animals. To examine changes in the pig gut microbiota across growth stages and its effects on nutrient digestion, the gut microbiota population in pigs at 28 days (before weaning), and 60, 90, and 150 days of age was assessed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The apparent digestibility of crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) was also assessed in these pigs. A total of 19,875 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from all samples. Both bacterial abundance and diversity increased with age. A total of 22 phyla and 249 genera were identified from all fecal samples; Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla in all samples. With increasing age, the proportion of TM7 and Tenericutes increased, whereas the proportion of Lentisphaerae and Synergistetes decreased. The abundance of 36 genera varied with age, and the apparent digestibility of CF increased with age. Three phyla, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and TM7, and 11 genera, including Anaeroplasma, Campylobacter, and Clostridium, were correlated with apparent CF digestibility. DA - 2015/4/21/ PY - 2015/4/21/ DO - 10.1038/srep09938 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - J2 - Sci Rep LA - en OP - SN - 2045-2322 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep09938 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Oral administration of putrescine and proline during the suckling period improves epithelial restitution after early weaning in piglets AU - Wang, J. AU - Li, G. R. AU - Tan, B. E. AU - Xiong, X. AU - Kong, X. F. AU - Xiao, D. F. AU - Xu, L. W. AU - Wu, M. M. AU - Huang, B. AU - Kim, S. W. AU - Yin, Y. L. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - Polyamines are necessary for normal integrity and the restitution after injury of the gastrointestinal epithelium. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of putrescine and proline during the suckling period on epithelial restitution after early weaning in piglets. Eighteen neonatal piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large Yorkshire) from 3 litters (6 piglets per litter) were assigned to 3 groups, representing oral administration with an equal volume of saline (control), putrescine (5 mg/kg BW), and proline (25 mg/kg BW) twice daily from d 1 to weaning at 14 d of age. Plasma and intestinal samples were obtained 3 d after weaning. The results showed that oral administration of putrescine or proline increased the final BW and ADG of piglets compared with the control (P < 0.05). Proline treatment decreased plasma D-lactate concentration but increased the villus height in the jejunum and ileum, as well as the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity in the jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05). The protein expressions for zonula occludens (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-3 (P < 0.05) but not mRNA were increased in the jejunum of putrescine- and proline-treated piglets compared with those of control piglets. The voltage-gated K+ channel (Kv) 1.1 protein expression in the jejunum of piglets administrated with putrescine and the Kv1.5 mRNA and Kv1.1 protein levels in the ileum of piglets administrated with proline were greater than those in control piglets (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that polyamine or its precursor could improve mucosal proliferation, intestinal morphology, as well as tight junction and potassium channel protein expressions in early-weaned piglets, with implications for epithelial restitution and barrier function after stress injury. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.2527/jas.2014-8230 VL - 93 IS - 4 SP - 1679-1688 SN - 1525-3163 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/40690154/ KW - early-weaned piglet KW - intestinal morphology KW - proline KW - putrescine KW - tight junction ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nutrition and maternal metabolic health in relation to oocyte and embryo quality: critical views on what we learned from the dairy cow model AU - Leroy, Jo L. M. R. AU - Valckx, Sara D. M. AU - Jordaens, Lies AU - De Bie, Jessie AU - Desmet, Karolien L. J. AU - Van Hoeck, Veerle AU - Britt, Jack H. AU - Marei, Waleed F. AU - Bols, Peter E. J. T2 - REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT AB - Although fragmented and sometimes inconsistent, the proof of a vital link between the importance of the physiological status of the mother and her subsequent reproductive success is building up. High-yielding dairy cows are suffering from a substantial decline in fertility outcome over past decades. For many years, this decrease in reproductive output has correctly been considered multifactorial, with factors including farm management, feed ratios, breed and genetics and, last, but not least, ever-rising milk production. Because the problem is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach, it is hard to formulate straightforward conclusions leading to improvements on the ‘work floor’. However, based on remarkable similarities on the preimplantation reproductive side between cattle and humans, there is a growing tendency to consider the dairy cow’s negative energy balance and accompanying fat mobilisation as an interesting model to study the impact of maternal metabolic disorders on human fertility and, more specifically, on oocyte and preimplantation embryo quality. Considering the mutual interest of human and animal scientists studying common reproductive problems, this review has several aims. First, we briefly introduce the ‘dairy cow case’ by describing the state of the art of research into metabolic imbalances and their possible effects on dairy cow reproduction. Second, we try to define relevant in vitro models that can clarify certain mechanisms by which aberrant metabolite levels may influence embryonic health. We report on recent advances in the assessment of embryo metabolism and meantime critically elaborate on advantages and major limitations of in vitro models used so far. Finally, we discuss hurdles to be overcome to successfully translate the scientific data to the field. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1071/rd14363 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 693-703 SN - 1448-5990 KW - research models ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nutrient value of spray field forages fed to pigs and the use of feed enzymes to enhance nutrient digestibility AU - Passos, A. A. AU - Andrade, C. AU - Phillips, C. E. AU - Coffey, M. T. AU - Kim, S. W. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - This study determined the DE, ME, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of N, and N retention of spray field forages (Bermuda grass, forage sorghum, and sweet sorghum) fed to pigs and the effects of the supplemental feed enzymes on energy and N utilization. A basal diet was formulated with 96% corn and 4% amino acids, minerals, and vitamins. Test diets contained 85% basal diet + 15% Bermuda grass, forage sorghum, or sweet sorghum. Allzyme SSF (Alltech, Nicholasville, KY) was used as a feed enzyme, which was composed of cellulase, glucanase, xylanase, phytase, and protease. The basal diet and test diets were evaluated by using 4 sets of 2 × 2 Latin square designs consisting of 2 pigs and 2 periods with a total of 32 barrows (38.7 ± 7.9 kg). Each period (10-d adjustment and 4-d collection) had 2 Latin squares. The 2 treatments were levels of enzyme supplementation (0 or 200 mg/kg). Pigs received experimental diets twice daily (0700 and 1700 h) at a fixed amount based on BW of pigs (0.09 × BW0.75 kg). On d 10, chromic oxide (0.5%) was added to the diets at 1700 h as an external marker. Fecal and urine samples were collected during 4 consecutive days. The basal diet contained 3,850 kcal DE/kg, 3,769 kcal ME/kg, 86.06% ATTD of N, and 71.10% N retention and was not affected by enzyme supplementation. Bermuda grass contained 893 kcal DE/kg, 845 kcal ME/kg, -16.50% ATTD of N, and -37.49% N retention and tended to be improved by enzyme supplementation to 1,211 kcal DE/kg (P = 0.098), 1,185 kcal ME/kg (P = 0.081), and -10.54% N retention (P = 0.076). The ATTD of N of Bermuda grass increased (P < 0.05) to 0.08% by enzyme supplementation. The forage sorghum contained 1,520 kcal DE/kg, 1,511 kcal ME/kg, -0.72% ATTD of N, and -16.99% N retention. The sweet sorghum contained 1,086 kcal DE/kg, 1,061 kcal ME/kg, -75.47% ATTD of N, and -49.22% N retention. Enzyme supplementation did not improve energy digestibility of forage sorghum and sweet sorghum. Nitrogen in these forages was poorly utilized. In conclusion, spray field forages including Bermuda grass, forage sorghum, and sweet sorghum can partly be utilized in pig feed to provide energy, although N is rather poorly digested. Feed enzymes could enhance both energy and N utilization in Bermuda grass but not sorghum. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.2527/jas.2014-8435 VL - 93 IS - 4 SP - 1721-1728 SN - 1525-3163 UR - https://publons.com/wos-op/publon/9300631/ KW - Bermuda grass KW - enzymes KW - forage sorghum KW - pigs KW - sweet sorghum ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of dietary lipids on sow milk composition and balance of essential fatty acids during lactation in prolific sows AU - Rosero, D. S. AU - Odle, J. AU - Mendoza, S. M. AU - Boyd, R. D. AU - Fellner, V. AU - Heugten, E. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - Two studies were designed to determine the effects of supplementing diets with lipid sources of EFA (linoleic and α-linolenic acid) on sow milk composition to estimate the balance of EFA for sows nursing large litters. In Exp. 1, 30 sows, equally balanced by parity (1 and 3 to 5) and nursing 12 pigs, were fed diets supplemented with 6% animal-vegetable blend (A-V), 6% choice white grease (CWG), or a control diet without added lipid. Diets were corn-soybean meal based with 8% corn distiller dried grains with solubles and 6% wheat middlings and contained 3.25 g standardized ileal digestible Lys/Mcal ME. Sows fed lipid-supplemented diets secreted greater amounts of fat (P = 0.082; 499 and 559 g/d for control and lipid-added diets, respectively) than sows fed the control diet. The balance of EFA was computed as apparent ileal digestible intake of EFA minus the outflow of EFA in milk. For sows fed the control diet, the amount of linoleic acid secreted in milk was greater than the amount consumed, throughout lactation. This resulted in a pronounced negative balance of linoleic acid (-22.4, -38.0, and -14.1 g/d for d 3, 10, and 17 of lactation, respectively). In Exp. 2, 50 sows, equally balanced by parity and nursing 12 pigs, were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of diets plus a control diet without added lipids. Factors included linoleic acid (2.1% and 3.3%) and α-linolenic acid (0.15% and 0.45%). The different concentrations of EFA were obtained by adding 4% of different mixtures of canola, corn, and flaxseed oils to diets. The n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratios in the diets ranged from 5 to 22. Increasing supplemental EFA increased (P < 0.001) milk concentrations of linoleic (16.7% and 20.8%, for 2.1% and 3.3% linoleic acid, respectively) and α-linolenic acid (P < 0.001; 1.1 and 1.9% for 0.15 and 0.45% α-linolenic acid, respectively). Increasing supplemental EFA increased the estimated balance of α-linolenic acid (P < 0.001; -0.2 and 5.3 g/d for 0.15% and 0.45% α-linolenic acid, respectively), but not linoleic acid (P = 0.14; -3.4 and 10.0 g/d for 2.1% and 3.3% linoleic acid, respectively). In conclusion, lipid supplementation to sow lactation diets improved milk fat secretion. The fatty acid composition of milk fat reflected the dietary supplementation of EFA. The net effect of supplemental EFA was to create a positive balance during lactation, which may prove to be beneficial for the development of nursing piglets and the subsequent reproduction of sows. DA - 2015/6// PY - 2015/6// DO - 10.2527/jas.2014-8529 VL - 93 IS - 6 SP - 2935-2947 SN - 1525-3163 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84965094122&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - essential fatty acids KW - lactation KW - lipids KW - milk KW - sow ER - TY - JOUR TI - FORAGES AND PASTURES SYMPOSIUM: Use of marginal lands and fibrous byproducts in efficient beef and dairy production systems AU - Poore, M. H. AU - Lehmkuhler, J. W. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - The Forages and Pastures Symposium “Use of Marginal Lands and Fibrous Byproducts in Efficient Beef and Dairy Production Systems” was held at the Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science in Kansas City, MO, July 20 to 24, 2014. The purpose of the symposium was to explore how the efficiency of beef and dairy production on marginal lands and using marginal-quality harvested feeds can be improved. In the future, grazing and forage production will be relegated to more marginal land and confinement feeding systems will be increasingly based on fibrous byproducts. Four invited presentations were planned to explore 1) strategies to improve the efficiency of production systems using grazing beef and dairy cattle, 2) application of improved grazing management to improve long-term productivity through improved soil health and associated ecosystem services, 3) advances in the use of fibrous byproducts with a focus on the use of corn crop residues, and 4) selection of new forage species for improved productivity on marginal lands. DA - 2015/6// PY - 2015/6// DO - 10.2527/jas.2015-9127 VL - 93 IS - 6 SP - 2607-2608 SN - 1525-3163 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of feed grade L-methionine on intestinal redox status, intestinal development, and growth performance of young chickens compared with conventional DL-methionine AU - Shen, Y. B. AU - Ferket, P. AU - Park, I. AU - Malheiros, R. D. AU - Kim, S. W. T2 - Journal of Animal Science AB - This study was conducted to test the effects of supplemental L-Met on redox status, gut development, and growth performance of young broiler chickens compared with DL-Met. A total of 888 (half male and half female) 1-d-old Ross 308 chickens were weighed and randomly allotted to 7 treatments in a randomized complete block design for 21 d, including a basal diet (BD), the BD + 0.095% L-Met or DL-Met, the BD + 0.190% L-Met or DL-Met, and the BD + 0.285% L-Met or DL-Met (representing 60, 70, 80, and 90% of the Met + Cys requirement). Feed disappearance and BW were recorded every 7 d. Liver and duodenum samples were collected on d 0, 7, and 21 to measure redox status and intestine morphology. On d 7, chicks fed a diet supplemented with either 0.285% L-Met or 0.285% DL-Met had increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and reduced (P < 0.05) protein carbonyl (PC) and malonedialdehyde contents in duodenum mucosa compared with chicks fed the BD. Chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% L-Met had greater (P < 0.05) villus width compared with chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% DL-Met. Chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% L-Met had lower (P < 0.05) crypt depth and greater (P < 0.05) villus height:crypt depth ratio compared with chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% DL-Met or the BD. On d 21, chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% L-Met had increased (P < 0.01) concentrations of GSH and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) but reduced (P < 0.05) PC content in duodenum mucosa compared with chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% DL-Met and the BD. Chicks fed a diet supplemented with 0.285% L-Met had greater (P < 0.05) villus height compared with chicks fed the BD. During the entire 21-d supplementation of either L-Met or DL-Met, ADG and G:F were enhanced (P < 0.01) compared with chicks fed the BD. Chicks fed diets supplemented with L-Met had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F than chicks fed diets supplemented with DL-Met. The relative bioavailability of L-Met to DL-Met for ADG and G:F was 138.2 and 140.7%, respectively. Overall, supplementation of either L-Met or DL-Met has beneficial effects on villus development in association with increased GSH production and levels of TAC and reduced protein oxidation in duodenum. Supplementation of L-Met served a better function on redox status and development of the gut of chicks compared with DL-Met. Chicks fed diets with L-Met had better growth response than chicks fed diets with DL-Met. DA - 2015/6/1/ PY - 2015/6/1/ DO - 10.2527/jas.2015-8898 VL - 93 IS - 6 SP - 2977-2986 LA - en OP - SN - 0021-8812 1525-3163 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-8898 DB - Crossref KW - broiler chicken KW - DL-methionine KW - growth KW - L-methionine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of dietary soybean meal concentration on growth and immune response of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus AU - Rochell, S. J. AU - Alexander, L. S. AU - Rocha, G. C. AU - Van Alstine, W. G. AU - Boyd, R. D. AU - Pettigrew, J. E. AU - Dilger, R. N. T2 - Journal of Animal Science AB - An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) concentration on the growth performance and immune response of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Four experimental treatments included a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of 2 dietary SBM concentrations, 17.5% (LSBM) or 29% (HSBM), and 2 levels of PRRSV infection, uninfected sham or PRRSV infected. Sixty-four weanling pigs of split sex (21 d of age, 7.14 ± 0.54 kg) were individually housed in disease containment chambers. Pigs were provided a common diet for 1 wk postweaning before being equalized for BW and sex and allotted to 4 treatment groups with 16 replicate pigs per group. Pigs were fed experimental diets for 1 wk before receiving either a sham inoculation (sterile PBS) or a 1 × 10 50% tissue culture infective dose of PRRSV at 35 d of age (0 d postinoculation, DPI). Pig BW and feed intake were recorded weekly, and rectal temperatures were measured daily beginning on 0 DPI. Blood was collected on 0, 3, 7, and 14 DPI for determination of serum PRRSV load, differential complete blood cell counts, and haptoglobin and cytokine concentrations. Infection with PRRSV increased (P < 0.01) rectal temperatures of pigs throughout the infection period, with no influence of dietary SBM concentration. Pigs in the PRRSV-infected group had lower (P < 0.01) ADFI and G:F from 0 to 14 DPI compared with uninfected pigs. In the PRRSV-infected group, pigs fed HSBM tended to have improved ADG (P = 0.06) compared with pigs fed LSBM, whereas there was no influence of SBM concentration on growth of pigs in the uninfected group. At 14 DPI, PRRSV-infected pigs fed HSBM had a lower serum PRRSV load (P < 0.05), a higher (P = 0.02) hematocrit value, and a tendency for greater hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.09) compared with pigs fed LSBM. Serum haptoglobin and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations of PRRSV-infected pigs were lower (P < 0.05) in pigs fed HSBM at 3 and 14 DPI, respectively, than in pigs fed LSBM. Overall, increasing the dietary SBM concentration modulated the immune response and tended to improve the growth of nursery pigs during a PRRSV infection. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.2527/jas.2014-8462 VL - 93 IS - 6 SP - 2987-2997 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of dietary copper amount and source on copper metabolism and oxidative stress of weanling pigs in short-term feeding AU - Huang, Y. L. AU - Ashwell, M. S. AU - Fry, R. S. AU - Lloyd, K. E. AU - Flowers, W. L. AU - Spears, J. W. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - Forty-eight weanling barrows were used to determine the effects of amount and source of dietary Cu on Cu metabolism, oxidative stress in the duodenum, and VFA ratios in the cecum of weanling pigs in short-term feeding. At 21 d of age, newly weaned pigs were stratified by BW (7.03 ± 1.20 kg) and equally assigned to 1 of the following dietary treatments: 1) control (5 mg supplemental Cu/kg diet from CuSO4), 2) 225 mg supplemental Cu/kg diet from CuSO4, or 3) 225 mg supplemental Cu/kg diet from tribasic Cu chloride (TBCC). Pigs were housed 2 pigs per pen and were fed a complex diet until harvest on d 11 and 12. During harvest, bile and liver were obtained for mineral analysis, and liver samples were obtained for analysis of mRNA expression of Cu regulatory proteins. Digesta of duodenum, proximal jejunum, and ileum were collected for soluble Cu analysis. Mucosal scrapings of duodenum, proximal jejunum, and ileum were obtained for analysis of mucosal Cu concentration and mRNA expression of Cu regulatory proteins. Duodenal mucosal scrapings were also collected for analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA). Pigs fed high Cu had markedly greater (P < 0.0001) Cu concentrations in the duodenal, proximal jejunal, and ileal mucosa than controls. Copper in the duodenal mucosa was greater (P = 0.003) in CuSO4 than TBCC pigs. Duodenal MDA concentrations were greater (P = 0.003) in CuSO4 vs. control pigs and tended (P = 0.06) to be greater than in TBCC pigs. Duodenal antioxidant 1 (Atox1) mRNA was downregulated (P < 0.01) in pigs fed high Cu compared to controls and was not affected by Cu source. Compared with control pigs, those fed CuSO4 and TBCC had greater (P < 0.001) liver and bile Cu concentrations. Liver Cu was also greater (P = 0.0007) in TBCC than CuSO4-fed pigs. Hepatic Cu transporting β-polypeptide ATPase (Atp7b) was upregulated (P = 0.02) in the Cu-supplemented pigs compared with controls and did not differ among Cu sources. The acetate:propionate ratio in cecal contents was much greater in pigs supplemented with 225 mg Cu/kg diet than in controls. When fed at 225 mg Cu/kg diet, TBCC may cause less oxidative stress in the duodenum than CuSO4. Feeding weanling pigs increased Cu resulted in modulation of duodenal Atox1 and liver Atp7b at the transcription level. DA - 2015/6// PY - 2015/6// DO - 10.2527/jas.2014-8082 VL - 93 IS - 6 SP - 2948-2955 SN - 1525-3163 KW - copper KW - copper metabolism KW - oxidative stress KW - pigs ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of prediction equations to estimate the apparent digestible energy content of lipids when fed to lactating sows AU - Rosero, D. S. AU - Odle, J. AU - Arellano, C. AU - Boyd, R. D. AU - Heugten, E. T2 - JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AB - Two studies were conducted 1) to determine the effects of free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and the degree of saturation of lipids (unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio [U:S]) on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and DE content of lipids and 2) to derive prediction equations to estimate the DE content of lipids when added to lactating sow diets. In Exp. 1, 85 lactating sows were assigned randomly to a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments plus a control diet with no added lipid. Factors included 1) FFA concentrations of 0, 18, 36, and 54% and 2) U:S of 2.0, 2.8, 3.5, 4.2, and 4.9. Diets were corn–soybean meal based and lipid was supplemented at 6%. Concentrations of FFA and U:S were obtained by blending 4 lipid sources: choice white grease (CWG; FFA = 0.3% and U:S = 2.0), soybean oil (FFA = 0.1% and U:S = 5.5), CWG acid oil (FFA = 57.8% and U:S = 2.1), and soybean–cottonseed acid oil (FFA = 67.5% and U:S = 3.8). Titanium dioxide was added to diets (0.5%) as a digestibility marker. Treatments started on d 4 of lactation and fecal samples were collected after 6 d of adaptation to diets on a daily basis from d 10 to 13. The ATTD of added lipid and DE content of lipids were negatively affected (linear, P < 0.001) with increasing FFA concentrations, but negative effects were less pronounced with increasing U:S (interaction, P < 0.05). Coefficients of ATTD for the added lipid and DE content of lipids increased with increasing U:S (quadratic, P = 0.001), but these improvements were less pronounced when the FFA concentration was less than 36%. Digestible energy content of added lipid was described by DE (kcal/kg) = [8,381 – (80.6 × FFA) + (0.4 × FFA2) + (248.8 × U:S) – (28.1 × U:S2) + (12.8 × FFA × U:S)] (R2 = 0.74). This prediction equation was validated in Exp. 2, in which 24 lactating sows were fed diets supplemented with 6% of either an animal–vegetable blend (A-V; FFA = 14.5% and U:S = 2.3) or CWG (FFA = 3.7% and U:S = 1.5) plus a control diet with no added lipids. Digestible energy content of A-V (8,317 and 8,127 kcal/kg for measured and predicted values, respectively) and CWG (8,452 and 8,468 kcal/kg for measured and predicted values, respectively) were accurately estimated using the proposed equation. The proposed equation involving FFA concentration and U:S resulted in highly accurate estimations of DE content (relative error, +0.2 to –2.3%) of commercial sources of lipids for lactating sows. DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// DO - 10.2527/jas.2014-8402 VL - 93 IS - 3 SP - 1165-1176 SN - 1525-3163 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84965190994&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - digestibility KW - free fatty acids KW - lactating sow KW - lipid saturation KW - prediction equation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison among the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, and oral glucose tolerance test for assessment of insulin sensitivity in healthy Standardbreds AU - Pratt-Phillips, Shannon E. AU - Geor, Ray J. AU - McCutcheon, L. Jill T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - Abstract OBJECTIVE To compare, in horses, estimates of insulin sensitivity obtained from minimal model analysis (MMA) of a frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT) with estimates from the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) and to evaluate the validity of surrogate estimates of insulin sensitivity derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). ANIMALS 18 mature Standardbreds (mean ± SD body weight, 428.9 ± 35.9 kg; mean ± SD body condition score, 4.4 ± 1.0 [on a scale of 1 to 9]). PROCEDURES All horses underwent at least 2 of the 3 procedures (EHC [n = 15], insulin-modified FSIGTT [18], and OGTT [18]) within a 10-day time frame to evaluate insulin sensitivity. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity variables derived from the EHC and FSIGTT were strongly correlated ( r = 0.88). When standardized to the same units of measure, these measures were still strongly correlated ( r = 0.86) but were not equivalent. Area under the curve, peak insulin concentration, insulin concentration at 120 minutes, and 2 calculated indices from glucose and insulin data from the OGTT were significantly correlated with the EHC- and FSIGTT-derived estimates of insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In healthy Standardbreds with moderate body condition score, insulin sensitivities from the EHC and FSIGTT were strongly correlated but not equivalent. Estimates derived from an OGTT also may be useful to estimate insulin sensitivity. DA - 2015/1// PY - 2015/1// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.76.1.84 VL - 76 IS - 1 SP - 84-91 SN - 1943-5681 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of litter type and dietary coarse ground corn inclusion on broiler live performance, gastrointestinal tract development, and litter characteristics AU - Xu, Y. AU - Stark, C. R. AU - Ferket, P. R. AU - Williams, C. M. AU - Nusairat, B. AU - Brake, J. T2 - POULTRY SCIENCE AB - Two 49 d floor pen studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of litter type and dietary coarse ground corn (CC) inclusion on broiler live performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, and litter characteristics. Experiment 1 was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of 2 genders (male or female) and 2 CC levels (0 or 50%). From 15 to 35 d, the addition of CC decreased feed intake (P < 0.01) and BW gain (P < 0.05) of males but not females. The inclusion of CC decreased feed intake (P < 0.01) and BW gain (P < 0.01) from 0 to 49 d but improved adjusted feed conversion ratio (AdjFCR) from 35 to 49 d (P < 0.05). Male broilers exhibited better live performance than females during the study as evidenced by greater feed intake (P < 0.01) and BW gain (P < 0.01), and improved FCR (P < 0.01), but with increased mortality (P < 0.05). The inclusion of CC increased relative gizzard weight (P < 0.01) and decreased relative proventriculus weight (P < 0.01) at 49 d. Experiment 2 was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of 2 CC levels (0 or 50%) and 2 litter types (ground old litter or new wood shavings litter). The inclusion of CC decreased feed intake throughout the experiment without affecting final BW when only males were used and improved FCR after 25 d (P < 0.01). New litter improved FCR from 1 to 14 d (P < 0.01). At 49 d, the birds fed the CC diet had reduced excreta nitrogen (P < 0.05) and litter moisture (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 50% CC inclusion initially produced negative effects on live performance that became positive as BW increased. The effects of CC became evident at an earlier age for males. New litter had only a marginal benefit on broiler live performance. DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// DO - 10.3382/ps/peu057 VL - 94 IS - 3 SP - 362-370 SN - 1525-3171 KW - broilers KW - corn particle size KW - live performance KW - gizzard KW - litter condition ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of dietary coarsely ground corn and litter type on broiler live performance, litter characteristics, gastrointestinal tract development, apparent ileal digestibility of energy and nitrogen, and intestinal morphology AU - Xu, Y. AU - Stark, C. R. AU - Ferket, P. R. AU - Williams, C. M. AU - Auttawong, S. AU - Brake, J. T2 - POULTRY SCIENCE AB - The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of 2 coarsely ground corn (CC) levels (0 or 50%) in diets of broilers reared on 2 litter types (new wood shavings or used litter) on live performance, litter characteristics, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy and nitrogen (N), and intestinal morphology. No interaction effects between CC level and litter type were observed on live performance. No litter effect was observed on live performance. Dietary inclusion of 50% CC increased BW at 35 d (P < 0.01) and improved cumulative feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 35 and 49 d of age (P < 0.01). The 50% CC treatment increased absolute and relative gizzard weight (P < 0.01) and decreased jejunum unit weight (g/cm) (P < 0.01). The new litter treatment (litter N) increased absolute and relative proventriculus weight (P < 0.05) but did not affect gizzard weight. An interaction effect between CC level and litter type was observed for litter N, where the 50% CC treatment reduced litter N regardless of litter type (P < 0.01), but litter N was reduced by new litter only among birds fed 0% CC (P < 0.05). The 50% CC inclusion increased litter pH (P < 0.05) and improved the AID of energy and N by 6.8% (P < 0.01) and 3.5% (P < 0.05), respectively. The 50% CC treatment increased jejunum villi tip width (P < 0.05) and villi surface area (P < 0.01), and decreased the muscularis layer thickness (P < 0.01), whereas new litter increased jejunum villi and ileum villi height (P < 0.05), jejunum villi surface area (P < 0.01), and the ratio of jejunum villi height to crypt depth (P < 0.01). This study showed that birds fed pelleted and screened diets containing 50% CC exhibited improved BW, FCR, and AID of energy and N, in conjunction with altered morphology of the GIT and intestinal mucosa. Litter type affected some GIT traits and functions but did not affect live performance. DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// DO - 10.3382/ps/peu016 VL - 94 IS - 3 SP - 353-361 SN - 1525-3171 KW - broilers KW - corn particle size KW - live performance KW - gizzard KW - apparent ileal digestibility ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Genome-Wide Association Study for Clinical Mastitis in First Parity US Holstein Cows Using Single-Step Approach and Genomic Matrix Re-Weighting Procedure AU - Tiezzi, Francesco AU - Parker-Gaddis, Kristen L. AU - Cole, John B. AU - Clay, John S. AU - Maltecca, Christian T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Clinical mastitis (CM) is one of the health disorders with large impacts on dairy farming profitability and animal welfare. The objective of this study was to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for CM in first-lactation Holstein. Producer-recorded mastitis event information for 103,585 first-lactation cows were used, together with genotype information on 1,361 bulls from the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip. Single-step genomic-BLUP methodology was used to incorporate genomic data into a threshold-liability model. Association analysis confirmed that CM follows a highly polygenic mode of inheritance. However, 10-adjacent-SNP windows showed that regions on chromosomes 2, 14 and 20 have impacts on genetic variation for CM. Some of the genes located on chromosome 14 (LY6K, LY6D, LYNX1, LYPD2, SLURP1, PSCA) are part of the lymphocyte-antigen-6 complex (LY6) known for its neutrophil regulation function linked to the major histocompatibility complex. Other genes on chromosome 2 were also involved in regulating immune response (IFIH1, LY75, and DPP4), or are themselves regulated in the presence of specific pathogens (ITGB6, NR4A2). Other genes annotated on chromosome 20 are involved in mammary gland metabolism (GHR, OXCT1), antibody production and phagocytosis of bacterial cells (C6, C7, C9, C1QTNF3), tumor suppression (DAB2), involution of mammary epithelium (OSMR) and cytokine regulation (PRLR). DAVID enrichment analysis revealed 5 KEGG pathways. The JAK-STAT signaling pathway (cell proliferation and apoptosis) and the ‘Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction’ (cytokine and interleukines response to infectious agents) are co-regulated and linked to the ‘ABC transporters’ pathway also found here. Gene network analysis performed using GeneMania revealed a co-expression network where 665 interactions existed among 145 of the genes reported above. Clinical mastitis is a complex trait and the different genes regulating immune response are known to be pathogen-specific. Despite the lack of information in this study, candidate QTL for CM were identified in the US Holstein population. DA - 2015/2/6/ PY - 2015/2/6/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0114919 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84922687710&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inferring causal relationships between reproductive and metabolic health disorders and production traits in first-lactation US Holsteins using recursive models AU - Dhakal, K. AU - Tiezzi, F. AU - Clay, J. S. AU - Maltecca, C. T2 - JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AB - Health disorders in dairy cows have a substantial effect on the profitability of a dairy enterprise because of loss in milk sales, culling of unhealthy cows, and replacement costs. Complex relationships exist between health disorders and production traits. Understanding the causal structures among these traits may help us disentangle these complex relationships. The principal objective of this study was to use producer-recorded data to explore phenotypic and genetic relationships among reproductive and metabolic health disorders and production traits in first-lactation US Holsteins. A total of 77,004 first-lactation daughters' records of 2,183 sires were analyzed using recursive models. Health data contained information on reproductive health disorders [retained placenta (RP); metritis (METR)] and metabolic health disorders [ketosis (KETO); displaced abomasum (DA)]. Production traits included mean milk yield (MY) from early lactation (mean MY from 6 to 60 d in milk and from 61 to 120 d in milk), peak milk yield (PMY), day in milk of peak milk yield (PeakD), and lactation persistency (LP). Three different sets of traits were analyzed in which recursive effects from each health disorder on culling, recursive effects of one health disorder on another health disorder and on MY, and recursive effects of each health disorder on production traits, including PeakD, PMY, and LP, were assumed. Different recursive Gaussian-threshold and threshold models were implemented in a Bayesian framework. Estimates of the structural coefficients obtained between health disorders and culling were positive; on the liability scale, the structural coefficients ranged from 0.929 to 1.590, confirming that the presence of a health disorder increased culling. Positive recursive effects of RP to METR (0.117) and of KETO to DA (0.122) were estimated, whereas recursive effects from health disorders to production traits were negligible in all cases. Heritability estimates of health disorders ranged from 0.023 to 0.114, in accordance with previous studies. Similarly, genetic correlations obtained between health disorders were moderate. The results obtained suggest that reproductive and metabolic health disorder and culling due to metabolic and reproductive diseases have strong causal relationships. Based on these results, we concluded that a health disorder (either reproductive or metabolic) occurring in early lactation has a moderate causal effect on the reproductive or metabolic health disorder occurring in later lactation. In addition, direct, indirect, and overall effects of reproductive and metabolic health disorders on milk yields for cows that avoid culling are weak. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.3168/jds.2014-8448 VL - 98 IS - 4 SP - 2713-2726 SN - 1525-3198 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84925299358&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - causal effect KW - health KW - persistency KW - structural equation model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetics of milk fatty acid groups predicted during routine data recording in Holstein dairy cattle AU - Penasa, Mauro AU - Tiezzi, Francesco AU - Gottardo, Paolo AU - Cassandro, Martino AU - De Marchi, Massimo T2 - LIVESTOCK SCIENCE AB - The aim of this paper was to estimate genetic parameters for groups of milk fatty acids (FA), namely saturated (SFA), unsaturated (UFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA), in Holstein cows. Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) was used to predict FA groups (g/100 g of milk) of 72,848 samples recorded on 17,873 cows between September 2011 and November 2012. Univariate and multivariate models were implemented in a Bayesian framework to estimate (co)variance components for SFA, UFA, MUFA, PUFA, daily milk yield, milk fat and milk protein. Statistical models included fixed effect of parity by stage of lactation, and random effects of herd-test-date, cow permanent environmental, animal additive genetic and residual. Posterior means of heritability estimates for SFA, UFA, MUFA and PUFA were 0.246, 0.069, 0.082 and 0.078, respectively. Estimates of genetic correlations between FA groups ranged from 0.405 (SFA and PUFA) to 0.952 (MUFA and UFA). The increase of fat content led to an increase of all groups of FA, in particular SFA, with undesirable effects on the healthy quality of the product. The study highlighted the existence of exploitable additive genetic variation for groups of FA routinely predicted by MIRS and thus there is potential to address the selection to healthy milk FA composition. DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// DO - 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.12.014 VL - 173 SP - 9-13 SN - 1878-0490 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84922949081&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Milk fatty acid KW - Holstein KW - Heritability KW - Genetic correlation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of supplementing pasteurized milk balancer products to heat-treated whole milk on the growth and health of dairy calves AU - Glosson, K. M. AU - Hopkins, B. A. AU - Washburn, S. P. AU - Davidson, S. AU - Smith, G. AU - Earleywine, T. AU - Ma, C. T2 - JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine the growth and health effects of supplementing heat-treated whole milk with pasteurized milk balancer products in calf-feeding programs. All calves were removed from their dams at birth (d 0), fed 3.8L of heat-treated colostrum, and received assigned treatments from d 1 until weaning at d 56. Calves were weighed and skeletal measurements taken every 7 d from d 0 until 56. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were calculated. In experiment 1, 80 Holstein heifer calves were used to investigate the effects of supplementing 2 levels of heat-treated whole milk with or without a pasteurized all-milk balancer. Four dietary treatments (n=20) were used. Calves receiving milk (M) and milk plus balancer (M+B) were fed 3.8L of milk divided into 2 equal feedings daily. Calves fed increased milk (IM) and increased milk plus balancer (IM+B) received 3.8L of milk divided into 2 equal feedings from d 1 to 14, 5.7L from d 15 to 42, and 2.85L fed once daily from d 43 to 56. Treatments M+B and IM+B included pasteurized all-milk balancer fed at a rate of 0.23kg per 3.8L of milk. In experiment 2, 72 Holstein heifer calves were used to investigate the effects of supplementing either a pasteurized all-milk balancer or a pasteurized protein-blend milk balancer. Three dietary treatments (n=24) were used. Calves were fed 3.8L of milk divided into 2 equal feedings from d 1 to 14 and 5.7L from d 15 to 56. Treatment IM did not include any supplements. Balancer was added to IM+B and increased milk plus protein-blend balancer (IM+PB). Balancer was supplemented at a rate of 0.23kg per 3.8L of milk. In experiment 1, calves fed IM+B had greater average body weight (BW) and average daily gain compared with calves given other treatments. Calves fed 5.7L of milk had greater FE than those fed 3.8L regardless of balancer added. In experiment 2, calves fed IM+B and IM+PB had greater BW when compared with calves given M. Calves fed IM+PB had comparable BW and FE to calves given IM+B. The enhanced calf-feeding programs evaluated in this study were successful in increasing growth in preweaned calves when supplementing milk balancer product to heat-treated whole milk. Health scores of fecal, respiratory, and attitude determined illness. Feces were looser for calves receiving IM+B and IM+PB, but attitude scores did not confirm an illness and so overall health was not different between treatments. DA - 2015/2// PY - 2015/2// DO - 10.3168/jds.2014-8567 VL - 98 IS - 2 SP - 1127-1135 SN - 1525-3198 KW - dairy calf KW - milk balancer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of serum cotinine on vitamin D serum concentrations among American females with different ethnic backgrounds AU - Manavi, K. R. AU - Alston-Mills, B. P. AU - Thompson, M. P. AU - Allen, J. C. T2 - Anticancer Research DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 1211-1218 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of Chronic Administration of Phenobarbital, or Bromide, on Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam in Dogs with Epilepsy AU - Munana, K. R. AU - Nettifee-Osborne, J. A. AU - Papich, M. G. T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - Levetiracetam (LEV) is a common add-on antiepileptic drug (AED) in dogs with refractory seizures. Concurrent phenobarbital administration alters the disposition of LEV in healthy dogs.To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of LEV in dogs with epilepsy when administered concurrently with conventional AEDs.Eighteen client-owned dogs on maintenance treatment with LEV and phenobarbital (PB group, n = 6), LEV and bromide (BR group, n = 6) or LEV, phenobarbital and bromide (PB-BR group, n = 6).Prospective pharmacokinetic study. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after LEV administration. Plasma LEV concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. To account for dose differences among dogs, LEV concentrations were normalized to the mean study dose (26.4 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on adjusted concentrations, using a noncompartmental method, and area-under-the-curve (AUC) calculated to the last measured time point.Compared to the PB and PB-BR groups, the BR group had significantly higher peak concentration (Cmax ) (73.4 ± 24.0 versus 37.5 ± 13.7 and 26.5 ± 8.96 μg/mL, respectively, P < .001) and AUC (329 ± 114 versus 140 ± 64.7 and 98.7 ± 42.2 h*μg/mL, respectively, P < .001), and significantly lower clearance (CL/F) (71.8 ± 22.1 versus 187 ± 81.9 and 269 ± 127 mL/h/kg, respectively, P = .028).Concurrent administration of PB alone or in combination with bromide increases LEV clearance in epileptic dogs compared to concurrent administration of bromide alone. Dosage increases might be indicated when utilizing LEV as add-on treatment with phenobarbital in dogs. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1111/jvim.12548 VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 614-619 SN - 1939-1676 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84925714278&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Antiepileptic drug KW - Canine KW - Drug disposition KW - Drug interactions KW - Seizures ER -