TY - JOUR TI - Double injection and negative resistance in stripe-geometry oxide-aperture AlyGa1-yAs-GaAs-InxGa1-xAs quantum well heterostructure laser diodes AU - Wierer, J. J. AU - Maranowski, S. A. AU - Holonyak, N. AU - Evans, P. W. AU - Chen, E. I. T2 - Applied Physics Letters AB - Data are presented demonstrating double injection and negative resistance in stripe-geometry oxide-aperture AlyGa1−yAs–GaAs–InxGa1−xAs quantum well heterostructure lasers. The buried oxide laser structures are defined, in current and cavity, by laterally oxidizing the higher Al composition upper and lower cladding layers from a mesa edge (a ridge), thus, forming a narrow oxide-defined buried aperture (∼2μm). Post fabrication annealing (425 °C in N2) removes the negative resistance, indicating that the crystal growth and oxidation processes introduce products such as H and OH in the active region that compensate the dopants. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1063/1.117350 VL - 69 IS - 19 SP - 2882-2884 UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:A1996VQ17000030&KeyUID=WOS:A1996VQ17000030 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of odors from swine operations AU - Schiffman, S.S. AU - Suggs, M.S. T2 - Chemical Senses DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 21 SP - 665 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Habituation to sweet foods in Caucasian and African-American subjects AU - Schiffman, S.S. AU - Graham, B.G. AU - Sattely-Miller, E.A. AU - Swithers, S.E. AU - Hall, W.G. T2 - Chemical Senses DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 21 SP - 664–665 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of pre-rinsing with +2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propionic acid (Cypha) on subsequent sweetness intensity ratings for fifteen sweeteners AU - Schiffman, S.S. AU - Sattely-Miller, E.A. AU - Graham, B.G. AU - Booth, B.J. AU - Gibes, K. T2 - Chemical Senses DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 21 SP - 665 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of the reliability of sweet ratings by a trained panel for five sweeteners at four concentrations AU - Booth, B.J. AU - Schiffman, S.S. AU - Sattely-Miller, E.A. AU - Gibes, K.Carr AU - T, B. T2 - Chemical Senses DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 21 SP - 579 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synergism among ternary mixtures of fourteen sweeteners AU - Schiffman, S.S. AU - Sattely-Miller, E.A. AU - Graham, B.G. AU - Booth, B.J. AU - Gibes, K. T2 - Chemical Senses DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 21 SP - 664 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The potential use of odor for weight loss and weight maintenance AU - Schiffman, S.S. T2 - Aroma-Chology Review DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 2, 8 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Evaluation of headaches AU - Schiffman, S.S. T2 - The clinical evaluation of a food additive: Assessment of aspartame A2 - Tschanz, C. A2 - Butchko, H. H. A2 - Stargel, W. W. A2 - Kotsonis, F. N. PY - 1996/// SP - 195-204 PB - CRC Press ER - TY - CHAP TI - Smell and taste AU - Schiffman, S.S. T2 - Encyclopedia of gerontology A2 - Birren, J.E. PY - 1996/// VL - 2 SP - 497-504 PB - Academic Press ER - TY - CONF TI - Effect of liquid swine manure additives on odor parameters AU - Williams, C.M. AU - Schiffman, S.S. T2 - International conference on air pollution from agricultural operations C2 - 1996/// C3 - International conference on air pollution from agricultural operations CY - Kansas City, KS DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// SP - 409-412 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Contribution of taste and smell losses to the wasting syndrome AU - Schiffman, S.S. AU - Wedral, E. T2 - Age and Nutrition DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 106–120 ER - TY - CONF TI - Odor abatement: Case studies of the swine industry AU - Williams, C.M. AU - Schiffman, S.S. T2 - 1996 national poultry waste management symposium A2 - Patterson, P.H. A2 - Blacke, J.P. C2 - 1996/// C3 - Proceedings: 1996 national poultry waste management symposium DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// SP - 50-64 PB - Auburn University Printing Service ER - TY - JOUR TI - Update on monosodium glutamate: Sensory properties and safety AU - Schiffman, Susan S. T2 - Nutrition DA - 1996/6// PY - 1996/6// DO - 10.1016/s0899-9007(97)85083-6 VL - 12 IS - 6 SP - 451-452 J2 - Nutrition LA - en OP - SN - 0899-9007 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(97)85083-6 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Salivary IgA secretion rate in young and elderly persons AU - Miletic, I.D. AU - Schiffman, S.S. AU - Miletic, V.D. AU - Sattely-Miller, E.A. T2 - Physiology & Behavior AB - Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the dominant immunoglobulin isotype on all mucosal surfaces where it acts as a first line of defense against microbial invasion. Recent investigations suggest that secretory IgA (sIgA) concentrations vary over the day due to a range of variables including dietary factors, daily mood, and exercise. In this study, salivary IgA was determined by ELISA in samples of 48 persons grouped as "young" (20-30 years old) and "elderly" (60-80 years old). Unstimulated, stabilized morning and afternoon saliva was collected during 7 consecutive days. Saliva flow, total proteins, sIgA concentrations, and sIgA secretion rates were determined. The main finding was that saliva flow and sIgA secretion rate were significantly lower in the elderly than in the young. Salivary IgA secretion rate was found to be independent of total proteins secreted in all samples. There is individual variability within a particular age group. It was also found that stress and daily events influence the sIgA secretion rate. DA - 1996/7// PY - 1996/7// DO - 10.1016/0031-9384(95)02161-2 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 243-248 J2 - Physiology & Behavior LA - en OP - SN - 0031-9384 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(95)02161-2 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - Investigation of a Power Package Incorporating a Direct Attached Ceramic/AlSiC Structure AU - Hopkins, D.C. A3 - BrushWellman Incorporated DA - 1996/1// PY - 1996/1// M3 - Final report PB - BrushWellman Incorporated ER - TY - RPRT TI - High Temperature Capacitors AU - Hopkins, D.C. A3 - Custom Electronics Inc DA - 1996/4// PY - 1996/4// M3 - final report PB - Custom Electronics Inc ER - TY - CONF TI - System Design Considerations for using a Direct–Attached–Ceramic MMC Power Package AU - Hopkins, D.C. AU - Pitarressi, J.M. AU - Fridline, D.R. AU - Karker, J.A. T2 - 32nd International Power Conversion Conference C2 - 1996/// C3 - Proceedings of 32nd International Power Conversion Conference CY - Nürnberg, Germany DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/5/21/ SP - 683–690 ER - TY - CONF TI - Interactive software for a hypertext course in wavelets AU - Marquez, Oscar W. AU - Prelcic, Nuria Gonzalez C2 - 1996/// C3 - IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop DA - 1996/// SP - 105-108 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029728710&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Adaptive tree search algorithm with application to multiresolution based perceptive audio coding AU - Gonzalez Prelcic, Nuria AU - Pena, Antonio S. C2 - 1996/// C3 - Proceedings of the IEEE-SP International Symposium on Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis DA - 1996/// SP - 117-120 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029712709&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - A comparison of system architectures for intelligent document understanding AU - Farrow, G.S.D. AU - Xydeas, C.S. AU - Oakley, J.P. AU - Khorabi, A. AU - Prelcic, N.G. T2 - Signal Processing: Image Communication AB - Intelligent document understanding (IDU) is the process of converting scanned document images into a high level representation which describes the document's layout and logical structure, in addition to providing its information content. In this paper we discuss IDU in general and address a specific problem within this domain concerning the extraction of the layout structure of pages from a technical journal. Three different architectural approaches to accomplishing this task are proposed. Firstly we describe a novel document understanding system (System A) which exploits a hybrid bottom-up/top-down control architecture. The system uses a variety of image processing algorithms in a bottom-up manner. Conversely, a system based on a pure top-down architecture (System B) is then proposed which produces a segmentation of the page via projection profile analysis and achieves classification of image regions via procedural deduction. Finally, an alternative top-down architecture (System C) is described in which an optimised segmentation scheme is applied to produce partitioned blocks. These are then classified in a goal driven manner using a decision tree. A comparison of the three systems is made by measuring system performance on images obtained from a specific class of input document. The performance of document understanding systems has been quantified in terms of an object identification rate and the percentage of column area successfully interpreted. Using these measures, System A has given superior results to the two top-down systems presented. System A also performs significantly better than a previously reported top-down system operating on a comparable problem (Viswanathan, 1990). DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1016/S0923-5965(96)00002-1 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 1-19 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030289020&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - document understanding KW - page layout analysis KW - document image processing KW - ODA ER - TY - JOUR TI - A multipulse-like wavelet-based speech coder AU - González-Prelcic, N. AU - Docampo, D. T2 - Eurasip Journal on Applied Signal Processing DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 78-87 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-17744406405&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of the large-signal characteristics of InP/ InGaAs-based optoelectronic preamplifiers AU - Samelis, A. AU - Pavlidis, D. AU - Chandrasekhar, S. AU - Lunardi, L.M. T2 - Microwave and Optical Technology Letters AB - A model for soft breakdown effects in Inp/InGaAs-based single HBTs is developed. The effects of large-signal excitation on the operational characteristics of optoelectronic preamplifiers, such as the transducer and transimpedance gain of individual transistors, are addressed. These effects depend on optoelectronic integrated-circuit (OEIC) design and are associated with self-bias variations due to input power levels. Cascode designs are relatively immune to these effects, whereas basic coupled amplifiers are more sensitive (9-dB Ω vs. 3-dB Ω transimpedance reduction) for the same input power increase from −35 to −5 dBm. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1002/(sici)1098-2760(19960220)11:3<163::aid-mop14>3.0.co;2-c VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 163-168 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030086809&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - 10-Gbit/s penalty-free optical transmission over 102.5 km of standard fiber using 1.3-μm electroabsorption modulated laser and Raman amplifier C2 - 1996/// C3 - Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS DA - 1996/// SP - 2-3 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029705732&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Large-area InAlAs/InGaAs Schottky barrier enhanced metal semiconductor metal photodiode with low dark current AU - Kim, J.-B. AU - Kim, M.-J. AU - Park, J.-W. AU - Kim, D.-H. AU - Kim, S.-J. AU - Hwang, W.-Y. AU - Miller, D.L. AU - Das, M.B. AU - Rios, J.M.M. AU - Lunardi, L.M. C2 - 1996/// C3 - Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS DA - 1996/// VL - 2 SP - 330-331 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030397433&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrated p-i-n/HBT photoreceivers for optical communications AU - Lunardi, L.M. AU - Chandrasekhar, S. C2 - 1996/// C3 - Technical Digest - International Electron Devices Meeting DA - 1996/// SP - 645-648 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030383548&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Blind identification of multichannel FIR blurs and perfect image restoration C2 - 1996/// C3 - IEEE International Conference on Image Processing DA - 1996/// VL - 1 SP - 717-720 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030395870&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flux-based active filter controller AU - Bhattacharya, S. AU - Veltman, A. AU - Divan, D.M. T2 - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications AB - This paper presents a synchronous frame flux-based control method for a parallel active filter application. The flux-based controller directly implements the inverter switchings in the synchronous reference frame by a hysteresis rule-based carrier-less pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategy to achieve high current bandwidth. This paper addresses the issues and impact on parallel active filtering requirements for utility interface of commonly used harmonic front-ends. The synchronous frame flux-based controller provides additional insights for harmonic current compensation requirements. Simulation results provide the validation of the flux-based active filter controller to meet IEEE Standard 519 recommended harmonic standards for large rated nonlinear loads under balanced and unbalanced supply conditions. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1109/28.502159 VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 491-502 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030149418&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Parallel active filter system implementation and design issues for utility interface of adjustable speed drive systems AU - Bhattacharya, S. AU - Frank, T.M. AU - Divan, D.M. AU - Banerjee, B. C2 - 1996/// C3 - Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society) DA - 1996/// VL - 2 SP - 1032-1039 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030386538&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Line harmonics reduction in high power systems using square - wave inverters AU - Cheng, Po-Tai AU - Bhattacharya, Subhashish AU - Divan, Deepak M. C2 - 1996/// C3 - PESC Record - IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference DA - 1996/// VL - 2 SP - 1135-1141 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029751677&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Hybrid solutions for improving passive filter performance in high power applications AU - Cheng, Po-Tai AU - Bhattacharya, Subhashish AU - Divan, Deepak M. C2 - 1996/// C3 - Conference Proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC DA - 1996/// VL - 2 SP - 911-917 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029753957&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Flux based and predictive voltage based current regulators for motor drive applications AU - Veltman, Andre AU - Bhattacharya, Subhashish AU - Divan, Deepak M. C2 - 1996/// C3 - Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives & Energy Systems for Industrial Growth, PEDES DA - 1996/// VL - 1 SP - 229-235 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029713799&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Experimental comparison of motor bearing currents with PWM hard and soft switched voltage source inverters AU - Bhattacharya, S. AU - Resta, L. AU - Divan, D.M. AU - Novotny, D.W. AU - Lipo, T.A. AB - This paper compares motor bearing currents due to PWM hard switched and soft switched inverters. The mechanisms for bearing currents are first identified using an approach based on direct excitation of the motor bearing with sinusoidal and square wave signals to characterize the bearings. It is shown that many of the motor models that have been proposed in the literature to explain bearing currents do not adequately explain the observed higher frequency effects. The paper also outlines some of the important phenomena which need to be considered for a more complete description of bearing currents. Finally, the paper compares the performance of hard and soft switched inverters with respect to bearing currents. Experimental results are provided for PWM hard switched and soft switched IGBT inverters which have exactly same power circuit layout, identical chassis and rating of 70 kW. C2 - 1996/// C3 - PESC Record - IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference DA - 1996/// DO - 10.1109/PESC.1996.548784 VL - 2 SP - 1528-1534 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029747469&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Control of square-wave inverters in high power hybrid active filter systems AU - Bhattacharya, Subhashish AU - Cheng, Po-Tai AU - Divan, Deepak M. C2 - 1996/// C3 - Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society) DA - 1996/// VL - 2 SP - 1106-1113 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030421802&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Active filter solutions for utility interface of industrial loads AU - Bhattacharya, Subhashish AU - Divan, Deepak C2 - 1996/// C3 - Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives & Energy Systems for Industrial Growth, PEDES DA - 1996/// VL - 2 SP - 1078-1084 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029711761&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - On the performance of coherent and noncoherent multiuser detectors for mobile radio CDMA channels AU - Wu, Hsin-Yu AU - Duel-Hallen, A. AB - We investigate the performance of several suboptimal multiuser detectors for rapidly time varying mobile radio channels. A modified Jakes (1974) model is used to simulate a realistic mobile fading channel. The use of the Kalman filter for this channel model is examined. We also analyze the performance of several noncoherent multiuser detectors. Analysis and simulation results indicate that the decorrelator is more robust than other considered multiuser detectors. C2 - 1996/// C3 - Gateway to the Twenty First Century. International Conference on Universal Personal Communications. 1996 5th IEEE International Conference on Universal Personal Communications Record (Cat. No.96TH8185) CY - New York, NY, USA DA - 1996/// DO - 10.1109/ICUPC.1996.557757 VL - vol.1 SP - 76 - 80 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICUPC.1996.557757 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measurement and comparison of 1/f noise and g-r noise in silicon homojunction and III-V heterojunction bipolar transistors AU - Kirtania, A.K. AU - Das, M.B. AU - Chandrasekhar, S. AU - Lunardi, L.M. AU - Qua, G.J. AU - Hamm, R.A. AU - Yang, L.-W. T2 - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices AB - This paper experimentally determines and compares the 1/f noise and the g-r noise, as components of the base noise current spectral density, in Si homojunction and III-V heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) in common-emitter configuration. The noise spectra for each of these devices are obtained as functions of the base bias current (I/sub B/), and the 1/f noise has been found to depend on I/sub B/ as I/sub B//sup /spl gamma//, where /spl gamma//spl sim/1.8 for the silicon BJT's and InP/InGaAs HBT's with high current gains (/spl beta//spl sim/50), and /spl gamma//spl sim/1.1 for the AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs with low current gains (42 injection barrier height /spl phi//sub b/. Simulations of these designs reveal that non-local carrier transport effects and two-dimensional current how play a significant role in determining the relative rate and location of hot electron injection into both the front and back oxides. Specifically, simulations indicate that electron-electron interactions near the drain edge are a main source of electron energies exceeding /spl phi//sub b/. The hot electron injection distributions are then coupled with an empirical model to generate interface state distributions at both the front and back oxide interfaces. These interface states are incorporated into a drift-diffusion simulator to examine relative hot-electron-induced device degradation for the three 0.1 μm SOI designs. Simulations suggest that both the Si layer thickness and doping distribution affect device sensitivity to hot-electron-induced interface states. In particular, the simulations show that a decrease in the channel doping results in increased sensitivity to back oxide charge. In the comparison of the heavily-doped designs, the design with a thinner T/sub Si/ experiences significantly more hot-electron-induced oxide damage in the back oxide and more degradation from the charged states at the back interface. DA - 1996/2// PY - 1996/2// DO - 10.1109/55.484121 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 53-55 J2 - IEEE Electron Device Lett. OP - SN - 0741-3106 1558-0563 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/55.484121 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial retardation of carrier heating in scaled 0.1-μm n-MOSFET's using Monte Carlo simulations AU - Hulfachor, R.B. AU - Ellis-Monaghan, J.J. AU - Kim, K.W. AU - Littlejohn, M.A. T2 - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices AB - A comprehensive Monte Carlo simulator is employed to investigate nonlocal carrier transport in 0.1 /spl mu/m n-MOSFET's under low-voltage stress. Specifically, the role of electron-electron (e-e) interactions on hot electron injection is explored for two emerging device designs biased at a drain voltage V/sub d/ considerably less than the Si/SiO/sub 2/ injection barrier height /spl phi//sub b/. Simulation of both devices reveal that 1) although qV/sub d/4 waveguides AU - Chiu, Y. AU - Stancil, D.D. AU - Schlesinger, T.E. T2 - Journal of Applied Physics AB - We report the observation of an anomalously large electro-optic modulation effect in potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4) waveguides fabricated under various conditions. An interferometric method was used to measure the effective electro-optic coefficient in the waveguides by measuring the phase retardation of an optical mode when a voltage was applied across the substrate. We observed that at low modulation frequency the effective electro-optic coefficient in the waveguides can be higher than the bulk value by a factor up to about 100. A space charge model relating the mobile charge, space charge field, and observed enhancement in the electro-optic modulation is proposed to explain the mechanism of this effect. Calculation for dc steady state, small signal analysis, and large signal simulation is compared to the experimental observation. Possible device application and long term effects on system operation are also discussed. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1063/1.363313 VL - 80 IS - 7 SP - 3662-3667 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030270868&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Large electro-optic coefficient observed in ion-exchanged potassium titanyl phosphate waveguides AU - Chiu, Yi AU - Stancil, Daniel D. AU - Schlesinger, Tuviah E. C2 - 1996/// C3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering DA - 1996/// VL - 2700 SP - 164-169 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029766682&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Kronig—Penney model for periodically segmented waveguides AU - Stancil, D.D. T2 - Applied Optics AB - Physical insight into the propagation characteristics of periodically segmented waveguides can be obtained by viewing the guiding layer as a thin slab of an idealized infinite medium with periodic layers along the direction of propagation. One can analyze the properties of this infinite medium using a formal analogy with the Kronig-Penney model used to describe the propagation of electron wave functions in a periodic crystal potential. The model correctly gives the effective refractive index of the layer, gives insight into the electric field profiles at different points on the dispersion curve, and leads to a qualitative explanation of why the optical loss diminishes at both large and small duty cycles. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1364/AO.35.004767 VL - 35 IS - 24 SP - 4767-4771 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030212762&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - integrated optics KW - waveguides, segmented ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrated quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generator and electrooptic scanner on LiTaO3 single crystals AU - Gopalan, V. AU - Kawas, M.J. AU - Gupta, M.C. AU - Schlesinger, T.E. AU - Stancil, D.D. T2 - IEEE Photonics Technology Letters AB - We report the first integrated quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generator and electrooptic scanner on ferroelectric Z-cut LiTaO/sub 3/. The quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation device frequency doubles the infrared light at 829.7 nm into blue at 414.85 nm with a bulk conversion efficiency of 0.52%/W-cm. The blue light generated in the bulk then passes through an electrooptic scanner, consisting of a series of lithographically defined triangular-shaped domain-inverted regions extending through the thickness of the crystal. A deflection of 12 mrad/kv for the output blue light and 7.4 mrad/kv for the infrared light was observed at the scanner output. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1109/68.544725 VL - 8 IS - 12 SP - 1704-1706 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030387468&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrooptic wafer beam deflector in LiTaO3 AU - Li, J. AU - Cheng, H.C. AU - Kawas, M.J. AU - Lambeth, D.N. AU - Schlesinger, T.E. AU - Stancil, D.D. T2 - IEEE Photonics Technology Letters AB - A novel electrooptic beam deflector is reported based on ferroelectric domain inversion extending through the thickness of a Z-cut LiTaO/sub 3/ wafer. The selective domain inversion is achieved by electric-field poling assisted by proton exchange, rather than proton exchange followed by rapid thermal annealing. The deflection sensitivity of the device was measured to be 5.0 mrad/KV. This is 93% of the theoretical value for this geometry, and a significant improvement over the value of 80% of theoretical previously reported for a waveguide deflector. This improvement is attributed to the new domain inversion process. No degradation of deflection sensitivity is observed up to the frequency of 300 KHz, which is then limited by the response time of detectors. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1109/68.541558 VL - 8 IS - 11 SP - 1486-1488 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030286498&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Electro-optic wafer beam deflector in LiTaO3 AU - Li, Jun AU - Cheng, Hsing C. AU - Kawas, Matthew J. AU - Lambeth, David N. AU - Schlesinger, Tuviah E. AU - Stancil, Daniel D. C2 - 1996/// C3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering DA - 1996/// VL - 2700 SP - 73-77 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029766681&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electro-optic beam scanner in KTiOPO4 AU - Chiu, Y. AU - Stancil, D.D. AU - Schlesinger, T.E. AU - Risk, W.P. T2 - Applied Physics Letters AB - We have fabricated and demonstrated both wafer and waveguide electro-optic beam scanners in KTiOPO4 using alternating domain-inverted triangular patterns in the substrate. This device is an extension of previous work in LiTaO3. The domain inversion was achieved by pulsed electric field poling. The deflection sensitivity was 2.1 mrad/kV, compared to the calculated value of 2.3 mrad/kV for this geometry. The bandwidth of the devices was measured to be at least 200 kHz, which was limited by the high voltage driver. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1063/1.116806 VL - 69 IS - 21 SP - 3134-3136 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030288108&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of high microwave power on collinear magnetostatic-optical wave interactions AU - Prabhakar, A. AU - Stancil, D.D. T2 - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics AB - In the collinear interaction between magnetostatic waves and optical guided modes, the use of high microwave power is experimentally observed to broaden the range of microwave frequencies over which a significant optical mode conversion occurs. A mechanism contributing to this broadening is described that is based on a nonlinear shift in the wavelength of the magnetostatic waves at high power along with magnetic damping. Comparisons between previous experiments and our theoretical predictions show that this mechanism can explain some, but not all, of the changes observed in the optical spectrum at high microwave power levels. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1109/20.492887 VL - 32 IS - 3 PART 2 SP - 1918-1923 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030143006&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Test sequencing and diagnosis in electronic system with decision table AU - Zhou, HY AU - Qu, LS AU - Li, AH T2 - MICROELECTRONICS AND RELIABILITY AB - In this paper, the decision table is used as a tool for representation of the test knowledge. With that table, the algorithm for building optimal decision trees, which embody the solution for the test sequencing and diagnosis problem, is analyzed. Some improvements in the algorithm are also proposed for better efficiency. Furthermore, in order to describe more complicated situation, the conditional probabilities are included in the decision table, called as conditional decision table. Different approaches for generating optimal conditional decision trees, based on the information theory and entropy, are proposed. Finally, the algorithm for building dynamic test and diagnostic procedures is also presented in this paper. DA - 1996/9// PY - 1996/9// DO - 10.1016/0026-2714(95)00142-5 VL - 36 IS - 9 SP - 1167-1175 SN - 0026-2714 ER - TY - CONF TI - Ion damage propagation in dry-etched InP-based structures AB - The high spatial resolution, controlled etch profiles and uniformity of etching that is achievable with ion-assisted etch processes appear to be counterbalanced with ion-induced defects introduced into the material. We describe assessments of such damage introduced into InP, and propagated into material structures regrown onto those InP substrates. Particular etch chemistries, effective for patterning InP, may have capabilities of mitigating ion-generated defects. C2 - 1996/// C3 - Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials DA - 1996/// DO - 10.1109/iciprm.1996.491946 SP - 107 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Photoluminescence studies on radiation enhanced diffusion of dry-etch damage in GaAs and InP materials AU - Chen, C.-H AU - Yu, D.G. AU - Hu, E.L. AU - Petroff, P.M. T2 - Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - B13 SP - 3674 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigation of improved regrowth material on InP surfaces etched with Methane/Hydrogen/Argon T2 - Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// VL - B13 IS - 3674 ER - TY - PAT TI - Diamond films on nondiamond substrates AU - Yang, P. AU - Zhu, W. AU - Glass, J. T. C2 - 1996/// DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Method and apparatus for nondisruptively measuring line impedance at frequencies which are relatively close to the line frequency AU - Kelley, A. AU - W., AU - Harris, M. B. C2 - 1996/// DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel fuzzy friction compensation approach to improve the performance of a DC motor control system AU - Teeter, JT AU - Chow, MY AU - Brickley, JJ T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AB - The compensation of friction nonlinearities for servomotor control has received much attention due to undesirable and disturbing effects that the friction often has on conventional control systems. Compensation methods have generally involved selecting a friction model and then using model parameters to cancel the effects of the nonlinearity. In this paper, a method using fuzzy logic for the compensation of nonlinear friction is developed for the control of a DC motor. The method is unique in that a single fuzzy rule is used to compensate directly for the nonlinearity of the physical system. As a result, the method introduces fewer adjustable parameters than a typical fuzzy logic approach while still incorporating many advantages of using fuzzy logic such as the incorporation of heuristic knowledge, ease of implementation and the lack of a need for an accurate mathematical model. The general approach, analysis and experimental results obtained for an actual DC motor system with nonlinear friction characteristics are presented and the effectiveness of the fuzzy friction compensation control technique is discussed. The smoothness of response, response times and disturbance rejection of a PI control system with and without the proposed fuzzy compensator are analyzed and discussed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. DA - 1996/2// PY - 1996/2// DO - 10.1109/41.481415 VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 113-120 SN - 0278-0046 ER - TY - PAT TI - Apparatus and method for echo characterization of a communication channel AU - Townsend, K. AU - Punjabi, H. AU - Duel-Hallen, A. AU - Alexander, S. T. C2 - 1996/// DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// ER - TY - PAT TI - Thin film transistor with large grain size DRW offset region and small grain size source and drain and channel regions AU - Batra, S. AU - Manning, M. AU - Banerjee, S. AU - Damiano, J. C2 - 1996/// DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Time of outage restoration analysis in distribution systems AU - Chow, MY AU - Taylor, LS AU - Chow, MS T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY AB - This paper presents an approach that uses statistical techniques to analyze and interpret time of outage restoration (TOR) data in distribution systems with respect to several selected factors. The factors an classified into three main categories: (1) time; (2) consequence; and (3) environment. Each category is further broken down into groups and classes for more detailed analysis. Both statistical, quantitative results and field engineering insights are correlated and discussed. The approach taken in this paper can be easily modified for other utilities' TOR analysis. These analyses can provide a better understanding as to how the restoration time is affected by different influential factors. The methodology and general discussion in the paper will be useful for future research and development of the TOR issues in distribution systems, such as model development for customer service improvement, distribution operations, and planning. DA - 1996/7// PY - 1996/7// DO - 10.1109/61.517530 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 1652-1658 SN - 0885-8977 KW - distribution systems KW - outages KW - restoration time KW - statistical analyses ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trace cache: A low latency approach to high bandwidth instruction fetching AU - Rotenberg, E AU - Bennett, S AU - Smith, JE T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH ANNUAL IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROARCHITECTURE - MICRO-29 AB - As the issue width of superscalar processors is increased, instruction fetch bandwidth requirements will also increase. It will become necessary to fetch multiple basic blocks per cycle. Conventional instruction caches hinder this effort because long instruction sequences are not always in contiguous cache locations. We propose supplementing the conventional instruction cache with a trace cache. This structure caches traces of the dynamic instruction stream, so instructions that are otherwise noncontiguous appear contiguous. For the Instruction Benchmark Suite (IBS) and SPEC92 integer benchmarks, a 4 kilobyte trace cache improves performance on average by 28% over conventional sequential fetching. Further it is shown that the trace cache's efficient, low latency approach enables it to outperform more complex mechanisms that work solely out of the instruction cache. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1109/micro.1996.566447 SP - 24-34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assigning confidence to conditional branch predictions AU - Jacobsen, E AU - Rotenberg, E AU - Smith, JE T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH ANNUAL IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROARCHITECTURE - MICRO-29 AB - Many high performance processors predict conditional branches and consume processor resources based on the prediction. In some situations, resource allocation can be better optimized if a confidence level is assigned to a branch prediction; i.e. if the quantity of resources allocated is a function of the confidence level. To support such optimizations, we consider hardware mechanisms that partition conditional branch predictions into two sets: those which are accurate a relatively high percentage of the time, and those which are accurate a relatively low percentage of the time. The objective is to concentrate as many of the mispredictions as practical into a relatively small set of low confidence dynamic branches. We first study an ideal method that profiles branch predictions and sorts static branches into high and low confidence sets, depending on the accuracy with which they are dynamically predicted. We find that about 63 percent of the mispredictions can be localized to a set of static branches that account for 20 percent of the dynamic branches. We then study idealized dynamic confidence methods using both one and two levels of branch correctness history. We find that the single level method performs at least as well as the more complex two level method and is able to isolate 89 percent of the mispredictions into a set containing 20 percent of the dynamic branches. Finally, we study practical, less expensive implementations and find that they achieve most of the performance of the idealized methods. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1109/micro.1996.566457 SP - 142-152 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sub-half micron elevated source/drain NMOSFETs by low temperature selective epitaxial deposition AU - Sun, J AU - Bartholomew, RF AU - Bellur, K AU - ONeil, PA AU - Srivastava, A AU - Violette, KE AU - Ozturk, MC AU - Osburn, CM AU - Masnari, NA T2 - RAPID THERMAL AND INTEGRATED PROCESSING V DA - 1996/// PY - 1996/// DO - 10.1557/proc-429-343 VL - 429 SP - 343-347 SN - 0272-9172 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Stimulated emission and gain measurements from InGaN/GaN heterostructures AU - Shmagin, I. K. AU - Muth, J. F. AU - Kolbas, R. M. AU - Krishnankkutty, S. AU - Keller, S. AU - Mishra, U. K. AU - DenBaars, S. P. T2 - III-V nitrides: Symposium held December 2-6, 1996, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.(Materials Research Society symposia proceedings ; v. 449) CN - QC176.9 .M84 A14 1997 PY - 1996/// SP - 1209-1214 PB - Pittsburgh, Pa.: Materials Research Society ER - TY - CHAP TI - Quantum well heterostructure lasers AU - Kolbas, R. M. T2 - Properties of gallium arsenide (3rd ed.) (Datareviews series, no. 16) A2 - M. R. Brozel, A2 - Stillman, G. E. CN - TK7871.15.G3 P76 1996 PY - 1996/// SP - 887-905 PB - INSPEC ER - TY - CONF TI - Growth of bulk AIN and GaN single crystals by sublimation AU - Balkas, C. M. AU - Sitar, Z. AU - Zheleva, T. AU - Bergman, L. AU - Shmagin, I. K. AU - Muth, J. F. AU - Kolbas, R. M. AU - Nemanich, R. AU - Davis, R. F. C2 - 1996/// C3 - III-V nitrides: symposium held December 2-6, 1996, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (Materials Research Society symposia proceedings ; v. 449) CN - QC176.9 .M84 A14 1997 DA - 1996/// SP - 41-46 PB - Pittsburgh, Pa.: Materials Research Society ER -