TY - JOUR
TI - High-power III-nitride emitters for solid-state lighting
AU - Krames, M. R.
AU - Collins, J. B. D.
AU - Gardner, N. F.
AU - Gotz, W.
AU - Lowery, C. H.
AU - Ludowise, M.
AU - Martin, P. S.
AU - Mueller, G.
AU - Mueller-Mach, R.
AU - Rudaz, S.
AU - Steigerwald, D. A.
AU - Stockman, S. A.
AU - Wierer, J. J.
T2 - Physica Status Solidi a-Applied Research
AB - High-power, large-area InGaN/GaN quantum-well heterostructure light-emitting diodes based on an inverted, or “flip-chip”, configuration are described. These devices are mounted in specially designed high-power (≈1–5 W) packages and exhibit high extraction efficiency and low operating voltage. In the blue wavelength regime, output powers greater than 250 mW (1 × 1 mm2 device) and 1 W (2 × 2 mm2 device) are delivered at standard operating current densities (≈50 A/cm2), corresponding to “wall-plug” efficiencies of 22%–23%. Employing phosphors for the generation of white light, these same devices achieve luminous efficiencies greater than 30 lm/W.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1002/1521-396x(200208)192:2<237::aid-pssa237>3.0.co;2-i
VL - 192
IS - 2
SP - 237-245
UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000177750700001&KeyUID=WOS:000177750700001
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - High power LEDs - Technology status and market applications
AU - Steranka, F. M.
AU - Bhat, J.
AU - Collins, D.
AU - Cook, L.
AU - Craford, M. G.
AU - Fletcher, R.
AU - Gardner, N.
AU - Grillot, P.
AU - Goetz, W.
AU - Keuper, M.
AU - Khare, R.
AU - Kim, A.
AU - Krames, M.
AU - Harbers, G.
AU - Ludowise, M.
AU - Martin, P. S.
AU - Misra, M.
AU - Mueller, G.
AU - Mueller-Mach, R.
AU - Rudaz, S.
AU - Shen, Y. C.
AU - Steigerwald, D.
AU - Stockman, S.
AU - Subramanya, S.
AU - Trotter, T.
AU - Wierer, J. J.
T2 - Physica Status Solidi a-Applied Research
AB - High power light emitting diodes (LEDs) continue to increase in output flux with the best III-nitride based devices today emitting over 150 lm of white, cyan, or green light. The key design features of such products will be covered with special emphasis on power packaging, flip-chip device design, and phosphor coating technology. The high-flux performance of these devices is enabling many new applications for LEDs. Two of the most interesting of these applications are LCD display backlighting and vehicle forward lighting. The advantages of LEDs over competing lighting technologies will be covered in detail.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1002/1521-396x(200212)194:2<380::aid-pssa380>3.0.co;2-n
VL - 194
IS - 2
SP - 380-388
UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000180101800004&KeyUID=WOS:000180101800004
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Measuring odor intensity with E-noses and other sensor types
AU - Schiffman, S.
AU - Gutierrez-Osuna, R.
AU - Nagle, H.T.
T2 - 9th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN ‘02)
A2 - D’Amico, A.
A2 - Di Natale, C.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - 9th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN ‘02)
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
SP - 68–72
PB - Aracne Editrice
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Measuring odor intensity with a photoionization detector (PID
AU - Schiffman, S.S.
AU - Graham, B.G.
AU - Nagle, H.T.
T2 - 9th international symposium on olfaction and electronic nose (ISOEN ‘02)
A2 - D’Amico, A.
A2 - Di Natale, C.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Technical digest. 9th international symposium on olfaction and electronic nose (ISOEN ‘02)
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
SP - 33-34
PB - Aracne
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Health effects of aerial emissions from animal production waste management systems
AU - Schiffman, S.S.
AU - Auvermann, B.W.
AU - Bottcher, R.W.
T2 - Animal Agriculture and the Environment: National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management White Papers
A2 - Rice, J. M.
A2 - Caldwell, D. F.
A2 - Humenik, F. J.
AB - The rapid proliferation of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) over the last decadehas raised concerns about health effects of aerial emissions from animal production and waste managementsystems. These aerial emissions are predominantly a mixture of hydrogen sulfide (H2S),ammonia (NH3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter (PM) (includingbioaerosols). The purpose of this paper is to review the known health effects of each of these componentsof aerial emissions from CAFOs. The potential health effects of malodors associated withthese emissions will be addressed as well.
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.13031/2013.20255
SP - 225–262
PB - American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Adverse taste side effects of cardiovascular medications
AU - Zervakis, J.
AU - Schiffman, S.S.
T2 - Geriatric Times
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
VL - 3
IS - 1
SP - 19–23
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Chemosensory perception in elderly lung cancer patients on chemotherapy
AU - Schiffman, S.S.
AU - Zervakis, J.
AU - Campagna, L.K.
AU - Garst, J.L.
T2 - Chemical Senses
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
VL - 27
IS - 7
SP - A21
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Flavor enhancement and its positive health benefits
AU - Schiffman, S.S.
T2 - Aroma-Chology Review
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
VL - 10
SP - 1–5
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Power Packaging Techniques for Low and Higher Voltage Systems
AU - Hopkins, Douglas C.
AU - Bowers, John S.
T2 - 17th Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
C2 - 2002/3/11/
C3 - 17th Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
CY - Dallas, Tx
DA - 2002/3/11/
PY - 2002/3/11/
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - 52nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference 2002. (Cat. No.02CH37345)
T2 - Proceedings of 52nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference
C2 - 2002///
C3 - 52nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference 2002 (Cat No 02CH37345) ECTC-02
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/ECTC.2002.1008063
PB - IEEE
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2002.1008063
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Aspartame: Review of Safety
AU - Butchko, Harriett H.
AU - Stargel, W.Wayne
AU - Comer, C.Phil
AU - Mayhew, Dale A.
AU - Benninger, Christian
AU - Blackburn, George L.
AU - de Sonneville, Leo M.J.
AU - Geha, Raif S., (Allergy)
AU - Hertelendy, Zsolt
AU - Koestner, Adalbert
AU - Leon, Arthur S.
AU - Liepa, George U.
AU - McMartin, Kenneth E., (Methanol)
AU - Mendenhall, Charles L.
AU - Munro, Ian C., (Preface)
AU - Novotny, Edward J.
AU - Renwick, Andrew G., (Preface)
AU - Schiffman, Susan S.
AU - Schomer, Donald L.
AU - Shaywitz, Bennett A.
AU - Spiers, Paul A.
AU - Tephly, Thomas R., (Methanol)
AU - Thomas, John A.
AU - Trefz, Friedrich K.
T2 - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
AB - Over 20 years have elapsed since aspartame was approved by regulatory agencies as a sweetener and flavor enhancer. The safety of aspartame and its metabolic constituents was established through extensive toxicology studies in laboratory animals, using much greater doses than people could possibly consume. Its safety was further confirmed through studies in several human subpopulations, including healthy infants, children, adolescents, and adults; obese individuals; diabetics; lactating women; and individuals heterozygous (PKUH) for the genetic disease phenylketonuria (PKU) who have a decreased ability to metabolize the essential amino acid, phenylalanine. Several scientific issues continued to be raised after approval, largely as a concern for theoretical toxicity from its metabolic components--the amino acids, aspartate and phenylalanine, and methanol--even though dietary exposure to these components is much greater than from aspartame. Nonetheless, additional research, including evaluations of possible associations between aspartame and headaches, seizures, behavior, cognition, and mood as well as allergic-type reactions and use by potentially sensitive subpopulations, has continued after approval. These findings are reviewed here. The safety testing of aspartame has gone well beyond that required to evaluate the safety of a food additive. When all the research on aspartame, including evaluations in both the premarketing and postmarketing periods, is examined as a whole, it is clear that aspartame is safe, and there are no unresolved questions regarding its safety under conditions of intended use.
DA - 2002/4//
PY - 2002/4//
DO - 10.1006/rtph.2002.1542
VL - 35
IS - 2
SP - S1-S93
J2 - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0273-2300
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.2002.1542
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Age-Related Chemosensory Losses: Effect of Medications
AU - Schiffman, Susan S.
AU - Zervakis, Jennifer
AU - Graham, Brevick G.
AU - Westall, Holly L.
T2 - Chemistry of Taste
T3 - ACS Symposium Series
AB - Significant losses in taste perception can occur with advancing age, and these losses can contribute to inadequate food intake leading to malnutrition and weight loss. Both experimental data and clinical reports suggest that medications play a major role in age-related chemosensory changes. Over 250 drugs have been reported clinically to affect the sense of taste. Taste impairments from medications include: ageusia (absence of taste), hypogeusia (diminished sensitivity of taste), and dysgeusia (distortion of normal taste). The sites of action for most pharmaceutical compounds that induce taste losses are not known, but medications can act at several levels including peripheral receptors, chemosensory neural pathways, and/or the brain. Extensive research has shown that drugs are secreted into the saliva, and salivary levels of many drugs are high enough to exert adverse effects on taste sensations either by modifying taste transduction mechanisms or by producing a taste of their own.
PY - 2002/7/19/
DO - 10.1021/bk-2002-0825.ch008
SP - 94–108
PB - American Chemical Society
SN - 9780841237346 9780841219267
SV - 825
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2002-0825.ch008
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Sensory acuity and reasoning in delusional disorder
AU - Conway, Charles R.
AU - Bollini, Anna M.
AU - Graham, Brevick G.
AU - Keefe, Richard S.E.
AU - Schiffman, Susan S.
AU - McEvoy, Joseph P.
T2 - Comprehensive Psychiatry
AB - Systematic research on delusional disorder (DD) is limited. The goal of this study was to assess DD patients in the following areas: sensory capacities, decision-making style, and complex reasoning. Ten DD patients and 10 matched normal controls completed the following (1) smell, taste, and vision testing; (2) a probabilistic inference test in which subjects made probability decisions; and (3) a gambling task assessing complex reasoning. No significant difference was found between DD subjects and normals for taste acuity, olfactory acuity, or olfactory discrimination. No difference in visual acuity was noted, but sample size was limited. In addition, DD subjects required significantly less data to make probability decisions than normal controls. Despite using less data, DD subjects were as certain as controls regarding the accuracy of their decisions. As for complex reasoning, DD subjects performed as well as normal controls, but tended to surmise the purpose of the task sooner than normals, a difference that approached significance. In conclusion, these results suggest no differences between DD and normal subjects regarding olfaction, taste, and vision. The reasoning studies suggest that DD subjects may have a “cognitive set” that predisposes them to make conclusions with significantly less data than normals. Further, the study suggests that this reasoning difference generalizes to events outside the DD subjects' delusional realm and can be evoked in an experimental environment.
DA - 2002/5//
PY - 2002/5//
DO - 10.1053/comp.2002.32358
VL - 43
IS - 3
SP - 175-178
J2 - Comprehensive Psychiatry
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0010-440X
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/comp.2002.32358
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY -
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Taste, smell and neuropsychological performance of individuals at familial risk for Alzheimer's disease
AU - Schiffman, S
T2 - Neurobiology of Aging
AB - The purpose of the study was to determine whether there are chemosensory and neuropsychological changes that predate the onset of Alzheimer's disease in individuals at enhanced risk of developing the condition. To study this question, a unique sample of individuals (n = 33) was studied who were genetically at-risk for AD by virtue of documented multigenerational evidence of the disease (so-called multiplex families). The performance of at-risk individuals was evaluated on various smell, taste, and neuropsychological measures at baseline and 18 months later. Their performance was compared to a control group (n = 32) that was matched in age, gender, education, and race. At baseline the at-risk group performed worse than the control group on the chemosensory measures of phenethyl alcohol smell detection, smell memory, and taste memory, and on a memory measure involving recall of narrative information (Logical Memory I from the Wechsler Memory Scale- Revised). Across both sessions, the at-risk group had lower smell memory scores than the control group. At-risk status was not significantly associated with APOE status. The results of this and other studies suggest that individuals who are genetically at risk for developing AD may perform more poorly on memory and smell measures compared to those not at risk. This effect may be separate from one known genetic risk factor of AD, APOE, and supports that multiple genes are likely responsible for the disease and its associated memory and other neurocognitive symptoms.
DA - 2002/6//
PY - 2002/6//
DO - 10.1016/s0197-4580(01)00337-2
VL - 23
IS - 3
SP - 397-404
OP -
SN - 0197-4580
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(01)00337-2
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY -
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Implementation of high throughput soft output viterbi decoders
AU - Yeo, E.
AU - Augsburger, S.
AU - Davis, W.R.
AU - Nikolić, B.
T2 - IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems
AB - The architectural considerations for VLSI implementations of soft output Viterbi decoders are presented. Structural transformation of the add-compare-select structures provides high throughput with small area overhead. Modifications to the survivor memory unit and a comparison between the register exchange and memory traceback methods are highlighted. A 4 mm/sup 2/ demonstration chip, consisting of two parallel, 8-state, 7-bit soft output Viterbi decoders, has been implemented in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, and decodes at 500 Mb/s with 1.8 V supply. These decoders are used with turbo codes, which have been demonstrated to achieve information rates close to the Shannon limit.
C2 - 2002/10//
C3 - IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems
CY - San Diego, CA
DA - 2002/10//
PY - 2002/10/16/
DO - 10.1109/SIPS.2002.1049700
SP - 146–151
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A Design Environment for High-Throughput, Low-Power Dedicated Signal Processing Systems
AU - Davis, W.R.
AU - Zhang, N.
AU - Camera, K.
AU - Marković, D.
AU - Smilkstein, T.
AU - Ammer, M.J.
AU - Yeo, E.
AU - Augsburger, S.
AU - Nikolić, B.
AU - Brodersen, R.W.
T2 - IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits
AB - A hierarchical automated design flow for low-energy direct-mapped signal processing integrated circuits is presented. A modular framework based on a combined dataflow graph and floorplan description drives automatic layout generation with commercial CAD tools. Automatic characterization of layout improves system-level estimates. Simplified physical design methodologies for low supply voltages are discussed. The flow is demonstrated on a 300-k transistor test-chip, a time-division multiple-access baseband receiver, and a soft-output Viterbi decoder. An example of architectural comparison of energy efficiency is presented.
DA - 2002/3//
PY - 2002/3//
DO - 10.1109/4.987095
VL - 37
IS - 3
SP - 420–431
KW - application specific integrated circuits
KW - design automation
KW - design methodology
KW - integrated circuit design
KW - parallel architectures
KW - system analysis and design
ER -
TY - THES
TI - A Hierarchical, Automated Design Flow for Low-Power, High-Throughput Digital Signal Processing IC’s
AU - Davis, W.R.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
M3 - PhD Thesis
PB - Electrical Engineering Department, University of California
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - 500 Mb/s Soft Output Viterbi Decoder
AU - Yeo, E.
AU - Augsburger, S.
AU - Davis, W.R.
AU - Nikolić, B.
T2 - European Solid-State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)
C2 - 2002/9//
C3 - European Solid-State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)
DA - 2002/9//
PY - 2002/9//
SP - 523–526,
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Jitter in a wireless clock distribution system
AU - Dickson, T.
AU - Floyd, B.
AU - O, K.
AB - The jitter of a transmitted wireless clock signal has been measured and found to behave much like jitter of conventionally distributed clock signals. Noise from nearby digital circuits can degrade receiver sensitivity by reducing LNA gain and shifting the divider self-oscillation frequency. This increases clock jitter and, in extreme conditions, can cause failure in the clock receiver circuits to lock on to the transmitted clock signal. The clock can be re-locked by increasing the transmitted power.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings of the IEEE 2002 International Interconnect Technology Conference, IITC 2002
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/IITC.2002.1014917
SP - 154-156
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84961695926&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Wireless Interconnects for Clock Distribution
AU - Floyd, B.A.
AU - Guo, X.
AU - Caserta, J.
AU - Dickson, T.
AU - Hung, C.-M.
AU - Kim, K.
AU - O, K.K.
AB - A wireless interconnect system for clock distribution which transmits and receives microwave signals across a chip using integrated antennas, receivers, and transmitters is presented. All of the com-ponents of the system are demonstrated at 15 GHz in a 0.18-m CMOS technology. Wireless interconnection is achieved over a distance of 5.6 mm.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - ACM/IEEE International Workshop on Timing Issues in the Specification and Synthesis of Digital Systems
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1145/589411.589433
SP - 105-108
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0141989608&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Propagation layers for intra-chip wireless interconnection compatible with packaging and heat removal
AU - Guo, X.
AU - Caserta, J.
AU - Li, R.
AU - Floyd, B.
AU - O, K.K.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits, Digest of Technical Papers
DA - 2002///
SP - 36-37
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036057339&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - A direct-conversion receiver IC for WCDMA mobile systems
AU - Reynolds, S.
AU - Floyd, B.
AU - Beukema, T.
AU - Zwick, T.
AU - Pfeiffer, U.
AU - Ainspan, H.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings of the IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting
DA - 2002///
SP - 61-64
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036437922&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Experimental Study on Reliability of Solder Joints under Electrical Stressing -Nano-indentation, Atomic Flux Measurement
AU - Ye, H.
AU - Basaran, C.
AU - Hopkins, D.
T2 - 2002 International Microelectronics Assembly and Packaging Society (IMAPS) International Conference on Advanced Packaging and Systems
C2 - 2002///
C3 - SPIE proceedings series
CY - Reno, Nevada
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002/3/10/
VL - 4828
SP - 231–236
PB - Bellingham, Washington
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Measurement and Effects of High Electrical Current Stress in Solder Joints
AU - Ye, H.
AU - Hopkins, D.C.
AU - Basaran, C.
T2 - 35th International Symposium on Microelectronics
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings of the 35th International Symposium on Microelectronics
CY - Denver, Colorado
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002/9/4/
SP - 427–432
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Synthesis of a new class of converters that utilize energy recirculation
AU - Hopkins, D.C.
AU - Root, D.W.
T2 - 1994 Power Electronics Specialist Conference - PESC'94
AB - A new class of switchmode power electronic circuit topologies, named energy recirculation and storage circuits (ERSCs), are described which have the characteristic of storing and recirculating energy in a return path to augment the source. A port reduction technique is developed which connects output to input and is applied to buck and boost derived converters. A description of circuit operation is given for an ideal boost/buck ERSC. Two possible applications for ERSCs are for in-situ testing of power devices and for power factor correction. The second utilizes a cascaded boost/buck ERSC as an output-regulated power-factor correction (PFC) circuit. The PFC-ERSC is evaluated and a detailed description with key equations included.< >
C2 - 2002/12/17/
C3 - Proceedings of 1994 Power Electronics Specialist Conference - PESC'94
CY - Taipei, Taiwan
DA - 2002/12/17/
PY - 1994/6/20/
DO - 10.1109/pesc.1994.373830
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780318595
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesc.1994.373830
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Packaging issues for next generation high voltage, high temperature power electronic modules
AU - Bowers, J.S.
AU - Hopkins, D.C.
AU - Sarjeant, W.J.
T2 - APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference
AB - This paper describes packaging issues related to the next generation of high voltage (>2 kV), high temperature (200/spl deg/C to 400/spl deg/C) power electronic modules that are being developed for military, commercial and industrial applications. These applications include space, nuclear power and down-hole systems. Components, materials and processes are considered. Effects due to variations in thickness of the copper interconnect, ceramic substrate and heat spreader (baseplate) are investigated to predict the effects of thermally induced stresses. Thinner ceramic layers provide a significant increase in the thermal conductance and lower thermally induced stresses during system operation.
C2 - 2002/11/22/
C3 - Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference
CY - Atlanta, GA
DA - 2002/11/22/
PY - 1997/2/27/
DO - 10.1109/apec.1997.581483
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780337042
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.1997.581483
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - A framework for developing power electronics packaging
AU - Hopkins, D.C.
AU - Mathuna, S.C.O.
AU - Alderman, A.N.
AU - Flannery, J.
T2 - APEC '98 Thirteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
AB - As the integration of electro-physical circuits increases, many physical components and topologies are either directly or indirectly determined by the electrical designer. This paper presents a packaging technology framework for designers to better understand, evaluate and communicate the technical needs for a 'physical circuit'. The framework goes further in proposing a systematic method to link technical power packaging issues to user requirements as the basis for developing a power electronics technology roadmap. This paper presents the framework as a three-dimensional coordinate of user requirements, levels of packaging and interfaces and pathways, cross-cut by a fourth dimension of energy forms. Examples assist the reader in understanding the framework and appreciating the potential for application of the framework in the future developments of power electronics packaging.
C2 - 2002/11/27/
C3 - APEC '98 Thirteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
CY - Anaheim, CA
DA - 2002/11/27/
PY - 1998/2/15/
DO - 10.1109/apec.1998.647663
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780343409
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.1998.647663
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Power packaging of a 12 kV, 240°C passive electronic module
AU - Bowers, J.S.
AU - Hopkins, D.C.
AU - Sarjeant, W.J.
T2 - APEC '98 Thirteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
AB - This paper describes packaging design issues related to a high voltage (12 kV), high temperature (240/spl deg/C) power electronic module developed for military, commercial, and industrial applications. Designs guides are given for materials and qualification of components.
C2 - 2002/11/27/
C3 - APEC '98 Thirteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
CY - Anaheim, CA
DA - 2002/11/27/
PY - 1998/2/15/
DO - 10.1109/apec.1998.647736
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780343409
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.1998.647736
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - A high speed pulser thyristor
AU - Craig, A.H.
AU - Hopkins, D.C.
AU - Driscoll, J.C.
T2 - APEC '98 Thirteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
AB - A pulse power thyristor (PPT), has features optimized for pulse power applications: high di/dt, compact size and high current densities >10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/. These features are enabled by enhancing the turn-on mechanism through field aided drift and a very high level of gate-cathode interdigitation. The technology allows high blocking voltage >5 kV in small, low cost packages. The device described in this paper is optimized for turn-on and, as such, is labeled a pulse power closing switch thyristor (PPCST). The device structure is briefly discussed along with details of field aided drift as a critical dynamic mechanism. A trade-off for fast turn-on shows that the dynamic resistance and leakage currents are higher than typical thyristors. A major attribute of the device design is to self limit the anode di/dt without self-destruction or having the requirement for series inductors. A dynamic test circuit was developed with the potential of greater than 110 kA//spl mu/s. Test results show that the di/dt is limited by the PPCST and not inductance. The current rise from 10% to 90% occurs within 260 ns to a peak current of 4.85 kA to yield a di/dt of 14.9 kA//spl mu/s. The 10% to 70% rise yields better than 20 kA//spl mu/s. During rapid di/dt of anode current the gate-to-cathode voltage became excessive. There, also, was an indication of possible current flow out of the gate during the same interval. Thus, an ultra-fast constant-current gate drive circuit was developed. The drive delivered 0 to 30 A in <400 ns and maintained the 30 A during the entire turn on interval. The excessive voltage was due to 5 nH of internal package inductance.
C2 - 2002/11/27/
C3 - APEC '98 Thirteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
CY - Anaheim, CA
DA - 2002/11/27/
PY - 1998/2/15/
DO - 10.1109/apec.1998.653980
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780343409
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.1998.653980
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Optimally selecting packaging technologies and circuit partitions based on cost and performance
AU - Jacobsen, J.B.
AU - Hopkins, D.C.
T2 - APEC 2000 - Applied Power Electronics Conference
AB - Most power electronics circuits are packaged using two or more power electronics packaging technologies. To optimally select and use several technologies that meet performance requirements at minimum cost requires a strategic partitioning of the circuit. Presented is a structured technique for optimally selecting technologies based on a relative cost diagram. Other factors, such as performance, product volume and modularity are included.
C2 - 2002/11/7/
C3 - APEC 2000. Fifteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (Cat. No.00CH37058)
CY - New Orleans, LA
DA - 2002/11/7/
PY - 2000/2/6/
DO - 10.1109/apec.2000.826079
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780358643
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.2000.826079
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Characterization of advanced materials for high voltage/high temperature power electronics packaging
AU - Hopkins, D.C.
AU - Bowers, J.S.
T2 - 16th Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference - APEC 2001
AB - To achieve high reliability in next generation dense, high voltage (>1 kV DC), high temperature (200/spl deg/C to 400/spl deg/C) power electronic circuits, packaging techniques from higher voltage systems (5 kV-50 kV) need to be introduced. This paper describes advanced materials, measurement and characterization techniques for this class of systems. These systems are being developed for commercial, industrial and military applications that include supplies, drives and actuators. The results are applicable to 1200 V+IGBT based module designs.
C2 - 2002/11/13/
C3 - APEC 2001. Sixteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (Cat. No.01CH37181)
CY - Anaheim, CA
DA - 2002/11/13/
PY - 2001/3/4/
DO - 10.1109/apec.2001.912498
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780366182
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.2001.912498
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Mechanical Implications of High Current Densities in Flip Chip Solder Joints
AU - Ye, Hua
AU - Basaran, Cemal
AU - Hopkins, Douglas
T2 - ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition
AB - The electromigration damage in flip chip solder joints of eutectic SnPb was studied under current stressing at room temperature with the current density about 1.3×104A/cm2. The diameter of the solder joints was about 140μm. The mass accumulation near anode side and void nucleation near cathode were observed during current stressing. The nano-indentation test was first time done on solder joints for electromigration test. Surface marker movement was used to measure the atomic flux driven by electromigration and to calculate the product of effective charge number and diffusivity, DxZ*, of the solder at room temperature. The effective charge number can be extracted with the solder diffusivity at room temperature known.
C2 - 2002/1/1/
C3 - Electronic and Photonic Packaging, Electrical Systems Design and Photonics, and Nanotechnology
DA - 2002/1/1/
DO - 10.1115/imece2002-33650
PB - ASMEDC
SN - 0791836487
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33650
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Sphinx parallelization
AU - Baugh, Lee
AU - Renau, Jose
AU - Tuck, James
AU - Torrellas, Josep
T2 - Dept. of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Tech. Rep. UIUCDCS
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Morphable multithreaded memory tiles (M3T) architecture
AU - Renau, Jose
AU - Tuck, James
AU - Liu, Wei
AU - Torrellas, Josep
T2 - University of Illinois UIUC-CS Technical Report
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Sphinx Parallelization
AU - Tuck, James M
AU - Baugh, Lee W
AU - Renau, Jose
AU - Torrellas, Josep
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Using Performance Bounds to Guide Pre-scheduling Code Optimizations
AU - Zhou, H.
AU - Conte, T.M.
A3 - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University
DA - 2002/9//
PY - 2002/9//
M3 - Technical Report,
PB - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Smooth orthogonal signal extensions for paraunitary tree-structured filter banks
AU - Jiménez, M.E.D.
AU - Prelcic, N.G.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings
DA - 2002///
VL - 2
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036297198&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Polynomial extension method for size-limited paraunitary filter banks
AU - Jimenez, M.E.D.
AU - Prelcic, N.G.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - European Signal Processing Conference
DA - 2002///
VL - 2002-March
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84960896268&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Semiconductor devices for fiber optic communication systems
AU - Lunardi, L.M.
AB - We review the state-of-the-art of heterojunction-based integrated circuit technologies that have potential applications for time division multiplexing (TDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) fiber optic communication systems.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - 2002 23rd International Conference on Microelectronics, MIEL 2002 - Proceedings
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/MIEL.2002.1003154
VL - 1
SP - 99-102
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84906688594&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - 40 nm broadband SOA-Raman hybrid amplifier
AU - Chen, Y.
AU - Pavlik, R.
AU - Visone, C.
AU - Pan, F.
AU - Gonzales, E.
AU - Turukhin, A.
AU - Lunardi, L.
AU - Al-Salameh, D.
AU - Lumish, S.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Conference on Optical Fiber Communication, Technical Digest Series
DA - 2002///
VL - 70
SP - 390-391
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036438676&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - SOA characteristics for L-BAND system applications
AU - Turukhin, A.
AU - Lunardi, L.
AU - Gonzales, E.
AU - Vreeburg, K.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - European Conference on Optical Communication, ECOC
DA - 2002///
VL - 3
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84949009348&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Statistical antenna selection for spatial multiplexing systems
AU - Gore, D.
AU - Heath, R.
AU - Paulraj, A.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - IEEE International Conference on Communications
DA - 2002///
VL - 1
SP - 450-454
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036279597&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Transmit selection in spatial multiplexing systems
T2 - IEEE Communications Letters
AB - In this letter we solve the transmit antenna selection problem for a zero forcing spatial multiplexing system with knowledge of the channel statistics at the transmitter. We show through Wishart matrix analysis that the signal-to-noise ratio on the kth stream is a weighted Chi-squared variable with the weight equal to-the kth diagonal entry of the inverted transmit correlation matrix. We use this result to develop selection algorithms for two cases-maximizing ergodic capacity and minimizing the average probability of error. Monte Carlo simulations illustrate potential performance improvements.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/LCOMM.2002.805517
VL - 6
IS - 11
SP - 491-493
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036864743&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Quantized maximum ratio transmission for multiple-input multiple-output wireless systems
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers
DA - 2002///
VL - 1
SP - 531-535
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037628394&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - On the design of optimal spreading sequences for CDMA systems
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers
DA - 2002///
VL - 2
SP - 1434-1438
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037967846&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Capacity maximizing linear space-time codes
T2 - IEICE Transactions on Electronics
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
VL - E85-C
IS - 3
SP - 428-435
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036504868&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Blind channel identification and equalization in OFDM-based multiantenna systems
T2 - IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
AB - Wireless systems employing multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver have been shown to have the potential of achieving extraordinary bit rates. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) significantly reduces the receiver complexity in multiantenna broadband systems. We introduce an algorithm for blind channel identification and equalization in OFDM-based multiantenna systems. Our approach uses second-order cyclostationary statistics, employs antenna precoding, and yields unique channel estimates (up to a phase rotation for each transmit antenna). Furthermore, it requires only an upper bound on the channel order, it does not impose restrictions on channel zeros, and it exhibits low sensitivity to stationary noise. We present simulation results demonstrating the channel estimator and the corresponding multichannel equalizer performance.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/78.972486
VL - 50
IS - 1
SP - 96-109
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036173819&partnerID=MN8TOARS
KW - blind equalization
KW - cyclostationarity
KW - MIMO
KW - multiantenna systems
KW - OFDM
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Adaptive modulation and MIMO coding for broadband wireless data networks
T2 - IEEE Communications Magazine
AB - Link adaptation techniques, where the modulation, coding rate, and/or other signal transmission parameters are dynamically adapted to the changing channel conditions, have emerged as powerful tools for increasing the data rate and spectral efficiency of wireless data-centric networks. While there has been significant progress on understanding the theoretical aspects of time adaptation in LA protocols, new challenges surface when dynamic transmission techniques are employed in broadband wireless networks with multiple signaling dimensions. Those additional dimensions are mainly frequency, especially in multicarrier systems, and space in multiple-antenna systems, particularly multiarray multiple-input multiple-output communication systems. We give an overview of the challenges and promises of link adaptation in future broadband wireless networks. We suggest guidelines to help in the design of robust, complexity/cost-effective algorithms for these future wireless networks.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/MCOM.2002.1007416
VL - 40
IS - 6
SP - 108-115
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036610014&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - On performance of the zero forcing receiver in presence of transmit correlation
C2 - 2002///
C3 - IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - Proceedings
DA - 2002///
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036350972&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Multiple-input multiple-output wireless communication systems using antenna pattern diversity
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Conference Record / IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference
DA - 2002///
VL - 1
SP - 997-1001
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036969611&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Link adaptation and channel prediction in wireless OFDM systems
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems
DA - 2002///
VL - 3
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036979356&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Linear dispersion codes for MIMO systems based on frame theory
T2 - IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
AB - Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems provide high capacity due to the plurality of modes available in the channel. Existing signaling techniques for MIMO systems have focused primarily on multiplexing for high data rate or diversity for high link reliability. In this paper, we present a new linear dispersion code design for MIMO Rayleigh fading channels. The proposed design bridges the gap between multiplexing and diversity and yields codes that typically perform well both in terms of ergodic capacity as well as error probability. This is important because, as we show, designs performing well from an ergodic capacity point of view do not necessarily perform well from an error probability point of view. Various techniques are presented for finding codes with good error probability performance. Monte Carlo simulations illustrate performance of some example code designs in terms of ergodic capacity, codeword error probability, and bit error probability.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/TSP.2002.803325
VL - 50
IS - 10
SP - 2429-2441
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036794286&partnerID=MN8TOARS
KW - diversity methods
KW - MIMO systems
KW - smart antennas
KW - space-time codes
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Modelling realistic electromagnetic effects on MIMO system capacity
T2 - Electronics Letters
AB - Computational electromagnetics is used to characterise the effect of realistic propagation on the capacity of multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. Mutual information results for a MIMO system operating at 1.8 GHz in an urban micro-cellular environment are presented.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1049/el:20021147
VL - 38
IS - 25
SP - 1624-1625
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037028299&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Equal gain transmission in multiple-input multiple-output wireless systems
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Conference Record / IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference
DA - 2002///
VL - 2
SP - 1124-1128
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036970266&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - An unequal error protection scheme for multiple input multiple output systems
AU - Farooq Sabir, M.
AU - Heath, R.W.
AU - Bovik, A.C.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers
DA - 2002///
VL - 1
SP - 575-579
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037628345&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Design and implementation of a series voltage sag compensator under practical utility conditions
AU - Cheng, P.-T.
AU - Huang, C.-C.
AU - Pan, C.-C.
AU - Bhattacharya, S.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Conference Proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC
DA - 2002///
VL - 2
SP - 1061-1067
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036078253&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Reliable adaptive modulation using long-range prediction at a different carrier frequency
AU - Yang, Tung-Sheng
AU - Duel-Hallen, A.
AU - Hallen, H.
AB - For fast vehicle speeds, reliable adaptive transmission requires prediction of future channel state information (CSI) since the channel conditions are rapidly time-variant. We propose to use past channel observations of one carrier to predict future CSI and perform adaptive modulation for another correlated carrier. A statistical model of the prediction error that depends on the frequency and time correlation is developed and is used in the design of reliable adaptive modulation methods. Significant gains relative to nonadaptive techniques are demonstrated for sufficiently correlated channels and realistic prediction range. Both Jakes (1974) fading model and a novel realistic physical model of frequency selective fading are used to validate performance of the proposed method.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (Cat. No.02CH37371)
CY - Piscataway, NJ, USA
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/ISIT.2002.1023631
SP - 359 -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISIT.2002.1023631
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Adaptive modulation using outdated samples of another fading channel
AU - Yang, Tung-Sheng
AU - Duel-Hallen, A.
AB - Adaptive transmission techniques, such as adaptive modulation and coding, adaptive power control, adaptive transmitter antenna diversity, etc., generally require precise channel estimation and channel state information (CSI) feedback. For fast vehicle speeds, reliable adaptive transmission also requires prediction of future CSI since the channel conditions are rapidly time-variant. We propose to use past channel observations of one carrier to predict future CSI and perform adaptive modulation without feedback for another correlated carrier. A statistical model of the prediction error that depends on the frequency and time correlation is developed and is used in the design of reliable adaptive modulation methods. Significant gains relative to non-adaptive techniques are demonstrated for sufficiently correlated channels and realistic prediction range.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - 2002 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Record. WCNC 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8609)
CY - Piscataway, NJ, USA
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/WCNC.2002.993542
VL - vol.1
SP - 477 - 81
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2002.993542
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Adaptive modulation for transmitter antenna diversity mobile radio systems
AU - Hu, Shengquan
AU - Duel-Hallen, A.
AU - Hallen, H.
AB - Adaptive transmission techniques such as adaptive modulation and transmitter antenna diversity have been proposed for mobile wireless systems to satisfy high data-rate service requirements. In rapidly time variant channels, these methods need the knowledge of future fading conditions and therefore require accurate long range fading prediction. We investigate three combined adaptive modulation and transmitter diversity schemes in conjunction with our previously proposed long-range fading channel prediction (LRP) algorithm. It is demonstrated that the novel combined schemes achieve significantly higher data rates than conventional adaptive modulation methods when aided by the LRP. Performance-complexity trade-off for several combined adaptive methods is examined. In addition to utilizing the Jakes fading model to test the proposed methods, we validate the LRP for antenna diversity systems using a novel realistic fading channel model.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (Cat. No.02CH37371)
CY - Piscataway, NJ, USA
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/ISIT.2002.1023377
SP - 105 -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISIT.2002.1023377
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - A physical model for wireless channels to provide insights for long range prediction
AU - Hallen, H.
AU - Duel-Hallen, A.
AU - Hu, Shengquan
AU - Yang, Tung-Shen
AU - Lei, Ming
C2 - 2002///
C3 - 2002 Military Communications Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37397)
CY - Piscataway, NJ, USA
DA - 2002///
VL - vol.1
SP - 627 - 31
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Raman tilt and nonideal tilt control function of C-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers
AU - Chen, Y.
AU - Lunardi, L.
AU - Al-Salameh, D.
AU - Lumish, S.
AB - Due to stimulated Raman scattering, shorter wavelength channels will pump longer wavelength channels, and so transfer their energy to longer wavelength channels. A tilt occurs when a flat DWDM signals travel through transmission fiber. We characterized the Raman tilt for 100 km SSMF and LEAF fiber at composite input powers ranging from 13 dBm to 22 dBm with a 40-channel laser source with 100 GHz spacing. Raman tilt with different fiber length at different composite launch power for SSMF is fully studied. In order to compensate the positive Raman gain tilt generated in the transmission fiber, a negative tilt is required. A tilt control function is available in some EDFAs. The mechanism of this tilt control is to use a tunable attenuator to change the internal loss of the amplifier. Unfortunately, the negatively tilted gain spectrum achieved by this mechanism is not a straight line. From the simulation result, the tilted gain curve actually can be regarded as two straight lines with a junction at about 1538 nm in good approximation. By combining the Raman output spectrum with the EDFA output spectrum, tilt is eliminated, but a non-flat spectral shape is generated with a dip at 1538 nm. This combined spectral shape agrees quite well with the measured spectral shape in actual system. This study reveals imperfection with this tilt compensation mechanism. A new tilt compensation solution is proposed and tested. Test results shown significant flatness improvement.
C2 - 2002/8/23/
C3 - Optical Components and Transmission Systems
DA - 2002/8/23/
DO - 10.1117/12.480569
VL - 4906
SP - 185-192
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.480569
KW - Erbium doped fiber amplifier
KW - stimulated Raman scattering
KW - WDM transmission
KW - optical fiber
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Advanced components and sub-system solutions for 40 Gb/s transmission
AU - DeSalvo, R.
AU - Wilson, A.G.
AU - Rollman, J.
AU - Schneider, D.F.
AU - Lunardi, L.M.
AU - Lumish, S.
AU - Agrawal, N.
AU - Steinbach, A.H.
AU - Baun, W.
AU - Wall, T.
AU - Ben-Michael, R.
AU - Itzler, M.A.
AU - Fejzuli, A.
AU - Chipman, R.A.
AU - Kiehne, G.T.
AU - Kissa, K.M.
T2 - Journal of Lightwave Technology
AB - With the commissioning of the latest 10-Gb/s systems, vendors are now in the process of developing architectures for their next-generation products. 40-Gb/s components and subsystems are currently in development to address the necessities of these next-generation systems. The top three challenges associated with 40-Gb/s transmission are optical signal-to-noise ratio, dispersion, and high-speed components. In order to realize 40-Gb/s transmission, new component and subsystem developments are crucial. This paper reviews the latest transmission technologies and dispersion compensation techniques developed to fulfill 40-Gb/s transmission system requirements.
DA - 2002/12//
PY - 2002/12//
DO - 10.1109/jlt.2002.806782
VL - 20
IS - 12
SP - 2154-2181
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2002.806782
KW - high speed
KW - modulator
KW - multiplexing
KW - optical devices
KW - optical fiber transmission
KW - polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) emulator transponders
KW - tunable dispersion compensator
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Tunable dispersion compensation at 40-Gb/s using a multicavity etalon all-pass filter with NRZ, RZ, and CS-RZ modulation
AU - Lunardi, L.M.
AU - Moss, D.J.
AU - Chandrasekhar, S.
AU - Buhl, L.L.
AU - Lamont, M.
AU - McLaughlin, S.
AU - Randall, G.
AU - Colbourne, P.
AU - Kiran, S.
AU - Hulse, C.A.
T2 - Journal of Lightwave Technology
AB - We present a multichannel tunable dispersion compensator (TDC) based on multicavity all-pass etalons that is capable of operation at 40 Gb/s. The device has a tuning range of +200/-220 ps/nm with a group delay ripple < /spl plusmn/5 ps over a channel bandwidth of 80 GHz, an overall loss of < 5.2 dB, very low insertion loss ripple, and can operate on any channel on a 200-GHz grid over the C-band. In addition, we present system performance results at 40 Gb/s using NRZ, RZ, and CS-RZ modulation, compensating up to 45 km of nonzero dispersion shifted fiber (NZDSF). Our results show that this device introduces very little excess system penalty with signal frequency drifts of up to 20 GHz when operated near the center of its tuning range. For single channel experiments with fiber, the system penalty increase versus signal detuning is more significant, but can be reduced by dynamically optimizing the device dispersion during detuning. Finally, we demonstrate simultaneous compensation of 4 channels across the C-band over 25 km of NZDSF.
DA - 2002/12//
PY - 2002/12//
DO - 10.1109/jlt.2002.806768
VL - 20
IS - 12
SP - 2136-2144
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2002.806768
KW - chromatic dispersion
KW - fiber optics communications
KW - integrated optics devices
KW - modulation formats
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Improved control of capacitor bank switching to minimize distribution systems losses
AU - Coughlan, B.W.
AU - Lubkeman, D.L.
AU - Sutton, J.
T2 - Twenty-Second Annual North American Power Symposium
AB - The authors review the problem of controlling the switching of capacitor banks to minimize losses on distribution systems. A novel class of controls is available that allows capacitor switching to much more closely follow the actual loading on the distribution feeder. This allows for much better control of reactive loading throughout the distribution system, reduced line losses, improved voltage regulation, and reduced facility loading. The operating characteristics and performance of several of the controls are reviewed and compared. To effectively use the controls, distribution systems engineers must have a methodology to determine appropriate switching set points. The development of an appropriate methodology and its implementation in the form of a computer program called VDXTCAP are described.< >
C2 - 2002/12/4/
C3 - Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual North American Power Symposium
DA - 2002/12/4/
DO - 10.1109/naps.1990.151388
PB - IEEE Comput. Soc. Press
SN - 081862115X
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naps.1990.151388
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Turbo multiuser detection for coded DMT VDSL systems
AU - Dai, H.
AU - Poor, V.
T2 - IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
AB - In recent years, iterative processing techniques with soft-in/soft-out components have received considerable attention. Such techniques, based on the so-called turbo principle, are exemplified through turbo decoding, turbo equalization, and turbo multiuser detection. Turbo multiuser detection is applied to a discrete multitone (DMT) very-high-rate digital subscriber line system to combat crosstalk signals and to obtain substantial coding gain. The proposed iterative DMT receiver is shown to achieve an overall 7.0 dB gain over the uncoded optimum receiver at a bit error rate of 10/sup -7/ for a channel with severe intersymbol interference and additive white Gaussian noise and with one dominant crosstalk signal. Impulse noise is detrimental to the proposed scheme but can be overcome through erasure decoding techniques, as is shown by example.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/49.983354
VL - 20
IS - 2
SP - 351-362
J2 - IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.
OP -
SN - 0733-8716
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.983354
DB - Crossref
KW - coded discrete multitone
KW - crosstalk
KW - gray coding
KW - impulse noise
KW - multiuser detection
KW - turbo decoding
KW - very-high-rate digital subscriber line
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Iterative space-time processing for multiuser detection in multipath CDMA channels
AU - Dai, Huaiyu
AU - Poor, H.V.
T2 - IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
AB - Space-time processing and multiuser detection are two promising techniques for combating multipath distortion and multiple-access interference in code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. To overcome the computational burden that rises very quickly with increasing numbers of users and receive antennas in applying such techniques, iterative implementations of several space-time multiuser detection algorithms are considered here. These algorithms include iterative linear space-time multiuser detection, Cholesky iterative decorrelating decision-feedback space-time multiuser detection, multistage interference canceling space-time multiuser detection, and expectation-maximization (EM)-based iterative space-time multiuser detection. A new space-time multiuser receiver structure that allows for efficient implementation of iterative processing is also introduced. Fully exploiting various types of diversity through joint space-time processing and multiuser detection brings substantial gain over single-receiver-antenna or single-user-based methods. It is shown that iterative implementation of linear and nonlinear space-time multiuser detection schemes discussed in this paper realizes this substantial gain and approaches the optimum performance with reasonable complexity. Among the iterative space-time multiuser receivers considered in this paper, the EM-based (SAGE) iterative space-time multiuser receiver introduced here achieves the best performance with excellent convergence properties.
DA - 2002/9//
PY - 2002/9//
DO - 10.1109/tsp.2002.801923
VL - 50
IS - 9
SP - 2116-2127
J2 - IEEE Trans. Signal Process.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1053-587X
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2002.801923
DB - Crossref
KW - antenna arrays
KW - CDMA
KW - iterative processing
KW - multiuser detection
KW - SAGE
KW - space-time processing
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Generator Bidding Strategies in a Competitive Deregulated Market Accounting for Availability and Bid Segments
AU - Lu, N.
AU - Chow, J.H.
AU - Desrochers, A.A.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proc. of VIII Symposium of Specialists in Electric Operational and Expansion Planning
CY - Brasilia, Brazil
DA - 2002///
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Network Processor Design for Optical Burst Switched Networks
AU - Mehrotra, P.
AU - Baldine, I.
AU - Stevenson, D.
AU - Franzon, P.
T2 - 14th Annual IEEE International ASIC/SOC Conference
AB - Scalable hardware, architectures are required for optical burst switched (OBS) networks where future fibers may be handling 4Tbps or more. Issues investigated include centralized vs. distributed architectures, sealing issues related to performance, and the hardware impact of just-in-time (JIT) vs. just-enough-time (JET) signaling.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings of the 14th Annual IEEE International ASIC/SOC Conference
CY - Arlington, VA, USA
DA - 2002///
PY - 2001/9/12/
DO - 10.1109/ASIC.2001.954715
SP - 296–300
PB - IEEE
SN - 0-7803-6741-3
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Novel Hardware Implementation for Fast Address Lookups
AU - Mehortra, P.
AU - Franzon, P.
T2 - 2002 Workshop on High Performance Switching and Routing
AB - The most time critical part in packet forwarding is the route lookup which determines the next hop address of the packet. The problem of searching for routes in large databases is compounded by the fact that routing tables store variable length prefixes and their corresponding next hop addresses. In order to forward a packet, routers need to find the longest matching prefix for the destination address. The work presented describes a new fast and efficient algorithm for searching a large database. The scheme described requires several accesses to a small, fast on-chip SRAM and only one access to a slower DRAM in order to determine the next hop address. The paper discusses some of the related work and approaches in performing route lookups. It describes the proposed algorithm where only a single off-chip DRAM access is required to determine the next hop address. It discusses some of the details of the hardware implementation and lists some of the results of the scheme. Some of the design issues are also discussed.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings of 2002 Workshop on High Performance Switching and Routing
CY - Kobe, Japan
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002/5/26/
DO - 10.1109/HPSR.2002.1024217
PB - IEEE
SN - 4-88552-184-X
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - 4 Gbps AC Coupled Interconnection
AU - Mick, S.E.
AU - Wilson, J.M.
AU - Franzon, P.
T2 - IEEE 2002 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference
AB - AC coupled interconnects enable multi-gigabit-persecond communication data rates between integrated circuits with very high pin counts and low power consumption. AC coupling can be realized with either series capacitive or inductive coupling elements. Capacitive AC coupling offers better performance when low power I/O buffers are required and when there is sufficient area to dedicate to coupling capacitors in the top-level metal of each IC. At a slight expense of circuit complexity, inductive AC coupling can be used to bring I/O pad pitches down to 75 /spl mu/m and maintain a controlled impedance connection. A novel physical structure, buried solder bumps, are used as a solution for providing DC power and ground connections across the same surface as the AC connections. When used in conjunction with NRZ-tolerant receivers, and current-mode signaling, highly effective interconnect structures can be built. As well as presenting both physical and circuit aspects of this work, experimental results are shown.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings of the IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference
CY - Orlando, FL, USA
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002/5/12/
DO - 10.1109/CICC.2002.1012783
SP - 133–140
PB - IEEE
SN - 0-7803-7250-6
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Binary Search Schemes for Fast IP Lookups
AU - Mehortra, P.
AU - Franzon, P.
T2 - Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002
AB - Route lookup is becoming a very challenging problem due to the increasing size of routing tables. To determine the outgoing port for a given address, the longest matching prefix among all the prefixes, needs to be determined. This makes the task of searching in a large database quite difficult. Our paper describes binary search schemes that allow fast address lookups. Binary search can be performed on the number of entries or on the number of mutually disjoint prefixes. Lookups can be performed in O(N) time, where N is number of entries and the amount of memory required to store the binary database is also O(N). These schemes scale very well with both large databases and for longer addresses (as in IPv6).
C2 - 2002/11/17/
C3 - Proceedings of the IEEE Globecom
CY - Taipei, Taiwan
DA - 2002/11/17/
PY - 2002/11/17/
DO - 10.1109/GLOCOM.2002.1188551
SP - 2005–2009
PB - IEEE
SN - 0-7803-7632-3
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Buried solder bump connections for high- density capacitive coupling
AU - Mick, S.
AU - Luo, L.
AU - Wilson, J.
AU - Franzon, P.
T2 - 2002 IEEE 11th Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging
AB - AC coupled interconnects enable reliable, multi-gigabit-per-second communication data rates between integrated circuits with very high pin counts and low power consumption. When used in conjunction with NRZ-tolerant receivers, interconnect arrays with pitches below 100 /spl mu/m and data rates of 6 Gbps/per pin can be built.
C2 - 2002/10/21/
C3 - Proceedings of the IEEE Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging
CY - Monterey, CA, USA
DA - 2002/10/21/
PY - 2002/10/21/
DO - 10.1109/EPEP.2002.1057916
SP - 205–208
PB - IEEE
SN - 0-7803-7451-7
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Low power logical element for FPGA fabric
AU - Nakkar, M.
AU - Franzon, P.
T2 - The 14th International Conference on Microelectronics
AB - Logical Element (LE) is the basic building block of FPGA fabric or any re-configurable computing machines. Logical Element basically consists of look-up tables according to A.B. Smith et al. (2000). This paper shows a low power LE. The low power is achieved by taking advantage of the commutative property of operations. This property will allow the data to be reorganized such that there will be separate paths for logic state 0 and logic state 1. The approach is targeted to reduce switching activity when possible. This paper shows 28% increase in power savings.
C2 - 2002/12/13/
C3 - Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Microelectronics
CY - Beirut, Lebanon
DA - 2002/12/13/
PY - 2002/12/13/
DO - 10.1109/ICM-02.2002.1161495
SP - 55–57
PB - IEEE
SN - 0-7803-7573-4
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - A multichannel, pipeline analog-to- digital converter for an integrated 3-D ultrasound imaging system
AU - Kaviani, K.
AU - Oralkan, Ö.
AU - Khuri-Yakub, B.T.
AU - Wooley, B.A.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings of the European SolidState Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)
DA - 2002///
SP - 263–266
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Scalable Molecular Circuit Architectures
AU - Franzon, P.
AU - Amsinck, C.J.
AU - Nackashi, D.P.
AU - DeSpagna, N.
C2 - 2002/12//
C3 - 2002 Engineering Foundation Conference on Molecular Computing
CY - Key West
DA - 2002/12//
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Packaging Technology for AC Coupled Interconnection
AU - Mick, S.
AU - Franzon, P.
AU - Huffman, A.
C2 - 2002/7//
C3 - IMAPS Flip-Chip Conference
DA - 2002/7//
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Design of all-pole low-pass ladder filters using current-mode damped integrators
AU - Oralkan, O.
AU - Ilker Karsilayan, A.
AU - Ali Tan, M.
T2 - 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Circuits and Systems Connecting the World. ISCAS 96
AB - A method for operational simulation of all-pole low-pass LC ladders filters by using current-mode damped integrators is introduced. The circuits obtained by this method need only current mirrors and capacitors and are convenient for realization in CMOS technology as well as can be used in other technologies.
C2 - 2002/12/24/
C3 - 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Circuits and Systems Connecting the World. ISCAS 96
DA - 2002/12/24/
DO - 10.1109/iscas.1996.539880
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780330730
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.1996.539880
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Differentiation between electric breakdowns and dielectric breakdown in thin silicon oxides
AU - Jackson, J.C.
AU - Robinson, T.
AU - Oralkan, O.
AU - Dumin, D.J.
AU - Brown, G.A.
T2 - 1997 6th International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits
AB - It has been known for some time that non-destructive electric breakdowns precede destructive thermal dielectric breakdown. We have been studying both processes in oxides between 5 nm and 80 nm in thickness. We have shown that the electric breakdowns can trigger dielectric breakdown under certain conditions. This triggering of dielectric breakdown causes TDDB distributions to be non-unique. The TDDB distributions could be shifted to shorter times if (a) the impedance of the test equipment was lowered and/or (b) the capacitance of the test equipment was raised. The implications of this work are discussed in terms of electric/dielectric breakdown models and practical circuit and device operation.
C2 - 2002/11/23/
C3 - Proceedings of the 1997 6th International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits
DA - 2002/11/23/
DO - 10.1109/ipfa.1997.638180
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780339851
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipfa.1997.638180
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - The non-uniqueness of breakdown distributions in silicon oxides
AU - Jackson, J.C.
AU - Oralkan, O.
AU - Robinson, T.
AU - Dumin, D.J.
AU - Brown, G.A.
T2 - 1997 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report
AB - Time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown (TDDB) distributions obtained from oxides of the same physical geometry and stressed at the same electric field were found to shift to shorter times when the amount of energy available to flow through electric breakdowns was increased. This paper shows that TDDB distributions are nonunique and that for a breakdown model to accurately describe the reliability of an oxide during actual use conditions, the oxide thermal geometry must be taken into account. An accurate method of obtaining electric breakdown distributions is also presented which allows the use of smaller sample sizes to obtain time-dependent-electric-breakdown (TDEB) distributions which are similar to TDDB distributions.
C2 - 2002/11/23/
C3 - 1997 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report (Cat. No.97TH8319)
DA - 2002/11/23/
DO - 10.1109/irws.1997.661871
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780342054
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irws.1997.661871
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer arrays for medical imaging: experimental results
AU - Denmirci, U.
AU - Oralkan, O.
AU - Johnson, J.A.
AU - Ergun, A.S.
AU - Karaman, M.
AU - Khuri-Yakub, B.T.
T2 - 2001 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings. An International Symposium
AB - Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (cMUT) arrays provide broad bandwidth, high sensitivity, low mechanical impedance, and potential for electronic integration, and thus are promising for medical imaging applications. We have designed and fabricated 1D and 2D MUT arrays of various sizes using standard integrated circuit fabrication processes. We improved the device parameters for medical imaging applications to achieve fully functional 64- and 128-element linear 1D cMUT arrays. We have also built a computer controlled experimental setup for collecting pulse-echo data from the test phantoms using MUT arrays. In this paper the design and optimization of the immersion cMUTs for medical imaging system are discussed, and the phased array B-scan sector images taken by 1D MUT arrays are presented.
C2 - 2002/11/14/
C3 - 2001 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.01CH37263)
DA - 2002/11/14/
DO - 10.1109/ultsym.2001.991878
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780371771
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2001.991878
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Assessment of animal odors: comparison of electronic nose and human panel
AU - Schiffman, S.S.
AU - Graham, B.G.
AU - Gutierrez-Osuna, R.
AU - Zervakis, J.
AU - Nagle, H.T.
T2 - ISOEN’02
A2 - D’Amico, A.
A2 - Di Natale, C.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Ninth International Symposium on Olfaction and the Electronic Nose
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
SP - 224–225
PB - Aracne
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Measuring odor intensity with photoionization detector (PID)
AU - Schiffman, S.S.
AU - Graham, B.G.
AU - Nagle, H.T.
T2 - ISOEN’02
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Ninth International Symposium on Olfaction and the Electronic Nose
DA - 2002///
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Defect tolerant implementations of feed-forward and recurrent neural networks
AU - Franzon, P.
AU - van den Bout, D.
AU - Paulos, J.
AU - Miller, T.
AU - Snyder, W.
AU - Nagle, T.
AU - Liu, Wentai
T2 - International Conference on Wafer Scale Integration
AB - Many of the defect tolerant techniques employed to achieve wafer-scale integration can also be used to construct flexible and scalable architectures. These techniques are applied to two artificial neural networks: a feed-forward analog network with backpropagation and an efficient digital recurrent network.< >
C2 - 2002/12/4/
C3 - 1990 Proceedings. International Conference on Wafer Scale Integration
DA - 2002/12/4/
DO - 10.1109/icwsi.1990.63897
PB - IEEE Comput. Soc. Press
SN - 0818690135
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icwsi.1990.63897
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Microelectrode arrays: structures and applications
AU - Nagle, H.T.
AU - Ash, R.B.
T2 - 1990 IEEE Colloquium in South America
AB - The rapidly advancing technology of microelectronics is being employed by several research groups to develop microelectrode arrays for use in life science research. The authors review the development of microelectrodes using silicon-based technology over the last decade. Silicon-based technology is applied to micromachine structures that are used as substrates for electrode arrays. The resulting microelectrodes are now being utilized in cardiac and neural mapping applications at Duke University Medical Center. Specific applications in the electrophysiology of taste and smell are presented.< >
C2 - 2002/12/4/
C3 - Proceedings of the 1990 IEEE Colloquium in South America
DA - 2002/12/4/
DO - 10.1109/colloq.1990.152788
PB - IEEE
SN - 0879426101
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/colloq.1990.152788
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - QRS/BIST: a reliable heart rate monitor ASIC
AU - Roy, S.C.
AU - Nagle, H.T.
AU - McNamer, M.G.
AU - Krakow, W.T.
T2 - Third Annual IEEE on ASIC Seminar and Exhibit
AB - The design of a real-time heart rate monitor implemented as a single application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is presented. The goal of the project was to implement a QRS detection algorithm into a single-chip environment. The testability strategies used to increase device reliability, including the implementation of built-in-self test (BIST) features, are described.< >
C2 - 2002/12/4/
C3 - Third Annual IEEE Proceedings on ASIC Seminar and Exhibit
DA - 2002/12/4/
DO - 10.1109/asic.1990.186186
PB - IEEE
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asic.1990.186186
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Dynamic power supply current monitoring of SRAMs
AU - Su, Shyang-Tai
AU - Makki, R.Z.
AU - Nagle, H.T.
AU - Liu, Jian
T2 - Seventh Annual IEEE International ASIC Conference and Exhibit
AB - In this paper, we report the results of a physical experiment aimed at assessing a new test method for CMOS SRAMs. The test method involves a new and simple philosophy for testing: monitor the switching behavior of a circuit rather than just the output logic state. Observing the dynamic (transient) power supply current can lead to drastic improvement in "real" defect coverage. We use the dynamic power supply current as indicative of such switching.< >
C2 - 2002/12/17/
C3 - Proceedings Seventh Annual IEEE International ASIC Conference and Exhibit
DA - 2002/12/17/
DO - 10.1109/asic.1994.404538
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780320204
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asic.1994.404538
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Controlling electrical side effects of cardiac stimulus pulses due to high impedance electrodes
AU - Andrews, C.A.
AU - Kermani, B.G.
AU - Cascio, W.E.
AU - Nagle, H.T.
T2 - 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
AB - A method of measuring the extracellular voltage field in working cardiac tissue with high impedance sensors immediately after a superthreshold stimulation pulse has been developed. Previously, the stimulus pulse charged the input circuitry of the front-end amplifier with an amplitude much greater than the biological signal desired. To address this problem a blanking period was introduced which disables the amplifiers for the duration of the superthreshold stimulus pulse. As a result of this process, electrical activity can be measured almost immediately after the superthreshold stimulus pulse without distortion.< >
C2 - 2002/12/17/
C3 - Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
DA - 2002/12/17/
DO - 10.1109/iembs.1994.415233
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780320506
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1994.415233
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Application of surface mount technology for biomedical microsensor interconnections
AU - Mundt, C.
AU - Ash, B.
AU - Ufer, S.
AU - Buck, R.P.
AU - Nagle, H.T.
T2 - 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
AB - A method of connecting flexible electrode arrays to a flat cable or a flexible circuit is described. Solderpaste printing and reflow soldering techniques (as used in surface mount technology) are used to make a solder connection between a fine pitch flat cable and the bondpads on an electrode array. An epoxy and silicone encapsulation is added to achieve reliable connections for cardiovascular applications.< >
C2 - 2002/12/17/
C3 - Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
DA - 2002/12/17/
DO - 10.1109/iembs.1994.415153
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780320506
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1994.415153
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - A new method in obtaining a better generalization in artificial neural networks
AU - Kermani, B.G.
AU - White, M.W.
AU - Nagle, H.T.
T2 - 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
AB - Overtraining is a serious problem in the neural network algorithms, including the backpropagation algorithm. In order to measure the performance of a neural network, ordinarily some of the data is sacrificed and used as a test set (cross-validation method). When the data is very scarce or is expensive, e.g. medical applications such as computer aided diagnosis, this waste of the data becomes intolerable. A new technique is introduced which uses the shape of the training mean squared error graph versus number of epochs and predicts when is the best time (epoch number) to discontinue the training.
C2 - 2002/12/17/
C3 - Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
DA - 2002/12/17/
DO - 10.1109/iembs.1994.415352
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780320506
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1994.415352
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Feature extraction by genetic algorithms for neural networks in breast cancer classification
AU - Kermani, B.G.
AU - White, M.W.
AU - Nagle, H.T.
T2 - 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
AB - In today's world, in which computerized recognition is expanding its horizons in the field of medicine, breast cancer classification is receiving wide attention. In this application, artificial neural networks have achieved reasonable recognition rates. However, to improve performance, a technique is needed to screen the features of the input data, to extract the important ones and suppress those that are irrelevant. Although neural networks do have this capability to some extent, here it is shown that by using a hybrid genetic algorithm and neural network (GANN), the feature extraction can be performed more effectively. Another advantage of augmenting NN training with a GA is that the extracted features using GA are explicit and perceivable. Although the authors evaluated the technique using breast cancer data, the methodology is designed to handle any other kind of classification task.
C2 - 2002/11/19/
C3 - Proceedings of 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
DA - 2002/11/19/
DO - 10.1109/iembs.1995.575385
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780324757
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1995.575385
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Transient power supply current testing of digital CMOS circuits
AU - Makki, R.Z.
AU - Su, Shyang-Tai
AU - Nagle, T.
T2 - 1995 IEEE International Test Conference (ITC)
AB - This paper presents, in a tutorial fashion, a test technique that employs the transient power supply current, i/sub DDT/, as a window of observability into the switching behaviour of an integrated circuit. The premise is that when a circuit switches states, a temporary path is established between power and ground which results in a transient current. With proper power tree distribution, observing this transient current provides direct insight into the switching pattern of a circuit under a given stimulus. This paper includes an overall summary of physical experiments that have been conducted (previously reported in parts) as well as new results on the test overhead. The physical experimental results show i/sub DDT/ to be effective in detecting disturb faults in SRAMs and drain/ source opens in general CMOS logic structures.
C2 - 2002/11/19/
C3 - Proceedings of 1995 IEEE International Test Conference (ITC)
DA - 2002/11/19/
DO - 10.1109/test.1995.529922
PB - Int. Test Conference
SN - 0780329929
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/test.1995.529922
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Transmission line models for ion-selective membranes in cardiology simulated with SPICE
AU - Mundt, C.
AU - Nagle, H.T.
AU - Buck, R.P.
T2 - 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
AB - Ion-selective membranes are a key component of cardiovascular micro-electrodes used to study ischemic events in vivo. This paper presents and compares two circuit models for charged species transport by diffusion in ion-selective membranes. One is a conventional, finite transmission line with resistors in series along the line and capacitors running crosswise to ground. The other circuit is the BBB (Barkel-Brumleve-Buck) circuit. The similarities and differences of these circuits are discussed and the impedance functions are compared. For both circuits discretized SPICE models were developed to verify the impedance functions and to investigate the behavior of the circuits for a variety of component values. The comparison showed that the BBB circuit can provide a more general model than the conventional transmission line. However, in many cases the two circuits can be converted into each other. The corresponding relations between the component values were derived.
C2 - 2002/12/24/
C3 - Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
DA - 2002/12/24/
DO - 10.1109/iembs.1996.646310
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780338111
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1996.646310
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - On-line control of propagating cardiac wavefronts
AU - Goode, P.V.
AU - Nagle, H.T.
T2 - 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
AB - A technique for on-line control of a propagating cardiac wavefront is presented. This technique uses low-level inhibitory stimuli to hyperpolarize segments of the cardiac tissue. The stimuli can delay conduction of a propagating wavefront as well as change its propagation direction. The bidomain model is used to simulate these phenomena assuming a thin sheet of cardiac tissue.
C2 - 2002/12/24/
C3 - Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
DA - 2002/12/24/
DO - 10.1109/iembs.1996.646510
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780338111
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1996.646510
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Hierarchical simulation of high speed digital interconnects using a packaging simulator
AU - Basel, M.S.
AU - Steer, M.B.
AU - Franzon, P.D.
T2 - 1994 Proceedings. 44th Electronic Components and Technology Conference
AB - A hierarchical strategy is presented which permits the tradeoff of modeling and simulation accuracy with simulation speed in the simulation of high speed signals on interconnects in multichip modules and printed circuit boards. Using a point modeling paradigm for discontinuities and impulse response thresholding a smooth transition is achieved between delay modeling and full circuit simulation.< >
C2 - 2002/12/17/
C3 - 1994 Proceedings. 44th Electronic Components and Technology Conference
DA - 2002/12/17/
DO - 10.1109/ectc.1994.367647
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780309146
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc.1994.367647
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Multiple Working Points in Multichannel ALOHA with Deadlines
AU - Baron, D.
AU - Birk, Y.
T2 - Wireless Networks
DA - 2002/1//
PY - 2002/1//
VL - 8
IS - 1
SP - 5–11
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - 4 GHz and 13 GHz tuned amplifiers implemented in a 0.1 μm CMOS technology on SOI and SOS substrates
AU - Kim, K.-H.
AU - Ho, Y.-C.
AU - Floyd, B.
AU - Wann, C.
AU - Taur, Y.
AU - Lagnado, I.
T2 - 1998 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers. ISSCC
AB - CMOS is a viable contender for front-end receiver circuits in the frequency range between 0.9 and 2 GHz. As gate lengths decrease to 0.1 /spl mu/m and below, this frequency range will increase, potentially opening up applications such as wireless LANs in the 5-20 GHz range. These 4 GHz and 13 GHz CMOS tuned amplifiers are implemented with partially-depleted silicon on insulator (SOI) and silicon on sapphire (SOS) nMOS transistors with floating bodies. Measured forward gains (S21) for the 4 GHz SOS and SOI amplifiers are 12 and 11 dB, respectively, and 15 and 5.3 dB for the 13 GHz SOS and SOI amplifiers. The 13 GHz amplifiers are the first in a CMOS technology to have tuned frequencies greater than 10 GHz. The CMOS process uses 0.35 /spl mu/m design rules for all dimensions except for the 0.1 /spl mu/m gate length and 2.9 nm gate oxide thickness. The nMOS transistors have -100 GHz measured peak f/sub T/. Threshold voltages are 0.2 and 0.4 V for the SOS and SOI transistors, respectively.
C2 - 2002/11/27/
C3 - 1998 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers, ISSCC. First Edition (Cat. No.98CH36156)
DA - 2002/11/27/
DO - 10.1109/isscc.1998.672405
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780343441
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isscc.1998.672405
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Wireless interconnection in a CMOS IC with integrated antennas
AU - Floyd, B.
AU - Kim, K.
AU - Kenneth, O.
T2 - 2000 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers
AB - Improved RF capability and projected increase in die size for CMOS circuits lead to the concept of wireless communications within and between chips. A potential application is wireless clock distribution, proposed as an alternative interconnect system capable of distributing high frequency clock signals at the speed of light using microwaves. The wireless clock distribution system consists of a clock transmitter, located on or off chip, broadcasting a microwave global clock signal at frequencies greater than 15 GHz, and a grid of integrated clock receivers. The global clock signal is received using an integrated dipole antenna. The signal is then amplified using a low-noise amplifier (LNA), frequency divided down to the local clock frequency, buffered, and distributed to provide local clock signals. This IC operating at 7.4 GHz, which integrates antennas and necessary receiver circuits in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS with five metal layers on p-substrates, is a first step towards realizing such a system.
C2 - 2002/11/7/
C3 - 2000 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.00CH37056)
DA - 2002/11/7/
DO - 10.1109/isscc.2000.839802
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780358538
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2000.839802
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Estimation of the signal-to-noise ratio for on-chip wireless clock signal distribution (year 2000)
AU - Bravo, D.
AU - Yoon, Hyun
AU - Kim, Kihong
AU - Floyd, B.
AU - O, K.K.
T2 - IEEE 2000 International Interconnect Technology Conference
AB - The achievable signal-to-noise ratio for an 18-GHz wireless clock distribution system has been estimated by extrapolating from the current status of the clock receiver, the integrated antenna performance, and the understanding of noise sources and coupling mechanisms. It is estimated that a SNR of /spl sim/23 dB is achievable at the input of the frequency divider within the clock receiver block.
C2 - 2002/11/7/
C3 - Proceedings of the IEEE 2000 International Interconnect Technology Conference (Cat. No.00EX407)
DA - 2002/11/7/
DO - 10.1109/iitc.2000.854082
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780363272
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iitc.2000.854082
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - The effects of substrate resistivity on RF component and circuit performance
AU - Floyd, B.A.
AU - Hung, Chih-Ming
AU - O, K.K.
T2 - IEEE 2000 International Interconnect Technology Conference
AB - The benefits of using high-resistivity substrates for RF CMOS applications are experimentally quantified. The quality factors of spiral inductors with a patterned ground shield, varactors, and transistors have been measured on both p/sup +/ (with epi) and p/sup -/ substrates, and in each case, Q is higher on p/sup $/substrates. A 5.35-GHz VCO on a p-substrate has an 8 dB lower phase noise than that on a p/sup +/ substrate, while a 7-GHz LNA on a p/sup -/ substrate has a 6 dB higher gain and /spl sim/2.5 dB lower noise figure than that on a p/sup +/ substrate.
C2 - 2002/11/7/
C3 - Proceedings of the IEEE 2000 International Interconnect Technology Conference (Cat. No.00EX407)
DA - 2002/11/7/
DO - 10.1109/iitc.2000.854313
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780363272
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iitc.2000.854313
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - A fully integrated 5.35-GHz CMOS VCO and a prescaler
AU - Hung, Chih-Ming
AU - Floyd, B.A.
AU - O, K.K.
T2 - 2000 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium. Digest of Papers
AB - A 5.35-GHz monolithic VCO and a prescaler have been fabricated in a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The VCO has a tuning range of 336 MHz and phase noise of -117 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset and 7-mW power consumption. The low phase noise is achieved by using only PMOS transistors in the VCO core and by optimizing the resonator layout. The prescaler utilizes a variation of the source coupled logic and consumes only 4.1 mW at VDD=1.5 V and 5.4 GHz. A second prescaler operating at 9.96 GHz and 2.5-V VDD is also demonstrated.
C2 - 2002/11/7/
C3 - 2000 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium Digest of Papers (Cat. No.00CH37096)
DA - 2002/11/7/
DO - 10.1109/rfic.2000.854419
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780362802
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rfic.2000.854419
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - A 15-GHz wireless interconnect implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology using integrated transmitters, receivers, and antennas
AU - Floyd, B.A.
AU - Hung, Chih-Ming
AU - Kenneth, K.O.
T2 - 2001 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Technical Papers
AB - Using a 6-metal, copper 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, a 15-GHz on-chip wireless interconnect system has been demonstrated. The transmission frequency and distance (5.6 mm) of on-chip wireless interconnection have been almost doubled compared to the previously reported system. In addition, an integrated transmitter for on-chip wireless interconnection has been demonstrated. Lastly, the RF potential of CMOS technology for >10 GHz is assessed.
C2 - 2002/11/13/
C3 - 2001 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37185)
DA - 2002/11/13/
DO - 10.1109/vlsic.2001.934225
PB - Japan Soc. Appl. Phys
SN - 4891140143
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsic.2001.934225
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Design of a key agile cryptographic system for OC-12c rate ATM
AU - Stevenson, D.
AU - Hillery, N.
AU - Byrd, G.
AU - Gong, Fengmin
AU - Winkelstein, D.
T2 - Symposium on Network and Distributed System Security
AB - The paper describes an experimental key agile cryptographic system under design at MCNC. The system is compatible with ATM local- and wide-area networks. The system establishes and manages secure connections between hosts in a manner which is transparent to the end users and compatible with existing public network standards. A Cryptographic Unit supports hardware encryption and decryption at the ATM protocol layer. The system is SONET compatible and operates full duplex at the OC-12c rate (622 Mbps). Separate encryption keys are negotiated for each secure connection. Each Cryptographic Unit can manage more than 65,000 active secure connections. The Cryptographic Unit can be connected either in a security gateway mode referred to as a 'bump-in-the-fiber' or as a direct ATM host interface. Authentication and access control are implemented through a certificate-based system. The current status of the system is that hardware and software detail designs have been completed. An early version of the key management software has been completed and demonstrated. Hardware fabrication and systems integration are expected to take place over the next several months. Once completed the proof-of concept system will be used to explore issues of privacy, access control and authentication in relation to communications over emerging public networks.< >
C2 - 2002/11/19/
C3 - Proceedings of the Symposium on Network and Distributed System Security
DA - 2002/11/19/
DO - 10.1109/ndss.1995.390648
PB - IEEE Comput. Soc. Press
SN - 0818670274
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ndss.1995.390648
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Effectiveness of producer-initiated communication
AU - Byrd, G.T.
AU - Flynn, M.J.
T2 - Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
AB - Producer-initiated communication mechanisms have been proposed to reduce communication latency in distributed shared memory systems. These mechanisms aim to move data close to its consumers, as soon as it is produced. The data is then available locally when needed by the consumer, avoiding the latency of retrieving it from global memory or from the producer's cache. Studies have shown that these sorts of mechanisms are effective, in that they reduce latency and improve execution time, compared to plain invalidate-based cache coherence. It is not clear, however, whether producer-initiated mechanisms provide a significant advantage over prefetch or other consumer-oriented mechanisms designed to hide or reduce latency. The authors look at the published evidence and draw some conclusions.
C2 - 2002/11/27/
C3 - Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
DA - 2002/11/27/
DO - 10.1109/hicss.1998.649281
PB - IEEE Comput. Soc
SN - 0818682558
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1998.649281
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - On the exploitation of value prediction and producer identification to reduce barrier synchronization time
AU - Ibrahim, K.Z.
AU - Byrd, G.T.
T2 - IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
AB - Barrier synchronization is a source of inefficiency in many parallel programs, due to the association of many producer-consumer relations in with one synchronization variable. This inefficiency may consume a significant percentage of total execution time, especially as we increase the degree of parallelism while maintaining the problem size. Barrier synchronization wait time can be hidden by speculatively executing instructions after the barrier. The speculative execution must not violate the dependencies imposed by the program. Dependency violation causes rollback, incurring a penalty that may exceed the benefit of speculation. In this work, we investigate how to reduce the probability of rollback through the use of two different techniques: value prediction and producer identification. The first technique tries to break the dependency between the running processes. The second technique tries to respect only true dependencies by transforming the barrier synchronization into per-variable flags. Simulation results using scientific benchmarks mostly SPLASH-2, indicate that producer identification promises a greater potential reduction in synchronization time, close to actual dependency, and maintains rollback percentage below 10% for most benchmarks.
C2 - 2002/11/13/
C3 - Proceedings 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium. IPDPS 2001
DA - 2002/11/13/
DO - 10.1109/ipdps.2001.924981
PB - IEEE Comput. Soc
SN - 0769509908
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2001.924981
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Design and implementation of acceptance monitor for building scalable intrusion tolerant system
AU - Wang, Rong
AU - Wang, Feiyi
AU - Byrd, G.T.
T2 - Tenth International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks
AB - Intrusion detection research has so far mostly concentrated on techniques that effectively identify malicious behavior. No assurance can be assumed once the system is compromised. Intrusion tolerance, on the other hand, focuses on providing minimal level of services even when some components have been partially compromised. The challenges here are how to take advantage of fault tolerant techniques in the intrusion tolerant system context and how to deal with possible unknown attacks and compromised components so as to continue providing the service. This paper presents our work on applying one important fault tolerance technique, acceptance testing, for building scalable intrusion tolerant systems. First, we propose a general methodology for designing acceptance tests. An acceptance monitor architecture is proposed to apply various tests for detecting compromises based on the impact of the attacks. Second, we make a comprehensive vulnerability analysis on typical commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) Web servers. Various acceptance testing modules are implemented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. By utilizing the fault tolerance techniques on intrusion tolerance system, we provide a mechanism for building reliable distributed services that are more resistant to both known and unknown attacks.
C2 - 2002/11/13/
C3 - Proceedings Tenth International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (Cat. No.01EX495)
DA - 2002/11/13/
DO - 10.1109/icccn.2001.956241
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780371283
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccn.2001.956241
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Coding schemes for multislot messages in multichannel ALOHA with deadlines
AU - Baron, D.
AU - Birk, Y.
T2 - IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
AB - Slotted multichannel ALOHA is the access scheme of choice for short messages and for reserving channels for longer ones in many satellite-based networks. This paper proposes schemes for increasing the capacity (maximum attainable throughput) of multichannel slotted ALOHA subject to meeting a user-specified deadline with a (high) required probability, thereby jointly capturing the users' requirements and the system owner's desires. The focus is on short yet multislot messages. A key idea is to achieve a low probability of missing the deadline by permitting a large maximum resource expenditure per message, while holding the mean expenditure low in order to minimize "pollution." For a K-slot message, redundant single-slot fragments are constructed using block erasure-correcting codes, such that any K fragments suffice for message reception. With multiround coding, an optimized number of fragments are transmitted in each round until K are received or the deadline is reached. Even with very strict constraints, capacities that approach the 1/e limit are attained. The coding-reservation scheme raises capacity above 1/e by allowing the hub, upon receipt of any message fragment(s), to grant contention-free slots for the remaining required fragments. Both schemes are also adapted for use with single-transmitter stations at a small performance penalty in most cases. Finally, because capacity is maximized by minimizing the mean per-message transmission resources, the transmission scheme is also energy-efficient.
DA - 2002/4//
PY - 2002/4//
DO - 10.1109/7693.994823
VL - 1
IS - 2
SP - 292-301
J2 - IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.
OP -
SN - 1536-1276
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7693.994823
DB - Crossref
KW - coding
KW - deadline
KW - delay
KW - energy-efficient design
KW - multichannel ALOHA
KW - reservation ALOHA
KW - satellite
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Cerenkov generation of confined acoustic and optical phonons in quantum wells
AU - Kim, Ki Wook
AU - Komirenko, Sergiy M.
AU - Kochelap, Viatcheslav A.
AU - Stroscio, Michael A.
T2 - Symposium on Integrated Optoelectronic Devices
A2 - Tsen, Kong-Thon F.
A2 - Song, Jin-Joo
A2 - Jiang, Hongxing
AB - It is well known for bulk semiconductors that amplification (generation) of a phonon mode can be achieved via the Cerenkov effect when the electron drift velocity exceeds the phonon phase velocity. The following three requirements are necessary for practical use of this effect: high electron mobilities, large electron densities, and strong coupling between electrons and phonons. In this report we show that in quantum well heterostructures these requirements can be met and both confined acoustic and confined optical phonon modes can be efficiently generated (amplified) by the drift of two-dimensional carriers. General formulae for the gain coefficient as a function of the acoustic phonon frequency and structure parameters as well as for the confined phonon increment are derived. Taking into account the electron-acoustic-phonon interaction through the deformation potential as well as the piezoelectric interaction, we found that amplification coefficient can reach hundreds of 1/cm for the AlGaAs-based heterostructures and thousands of 1/cm for the SiGe-based heterostructures in the terahertz phonon frequency range. Amplification takes place in a spectrally separated and relatively narrow amplification bands. We show that the optical phonon increment depends critically on the electron drift velocity. Detailed analysis of the optical phonon increment as a function of phonon wavevector, electron-phonon coupling strength, electron temperature and drift velocity indicates that the electron drift in selectively doped AlAs/GaAs/AlAs and GaSb/InSb/GaAs quantum wells can generate coherent confined optical modes. Finally, we discuss nonlinear mechanisms which stabilize the increase of phonon population and lead to the steady state phonon generation.
C2 - 2002/6/13/
C3 - Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors VI
DA - 2002/6/13/
DO - 10.1117/12.470408
PB - SPIE
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.470408
DB - Crossref
KW - acoustic phonon
KW - optical phonon
KW - coherent phonon generation
KW - high-frequency electric generation
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Optical phonons in wurtzite and cubic structures
AU - Kim, K.W.
AU - Komirenko, S.M.
AU - Stroscio, M.A.
AU - Kochelap, V.A.
T2 - 2001 International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium. Symposium
AB - Optical phonons play a crucial role in polar semiconductors due to their strong interaction with electrons. The phonons and electron-phonon interaction have been investigated primarily in cubic materials due to relative simplicity of the phonon spectra in these optically isotropic materials. Recent interest in group III-nitrides, which usually crystallize in a hexagonal wurtzite structure, as well as the needs of contemporary technologies in nanoscale sources of high-frequency oscillations have brought up a number of additional questions related to phonon physics in solid state devices. In this abstract, we summarize the main differences between the optical phonon spectra in wurtzite and cubic structures and point to the significance of the electron-phonon interaction strength for a number of phonon-related problems and applications.
C2 - 2002/11/13/
C3 - 2001 International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium. Symposium Proceedings (Cat. No.01EX497)
DA - 2002/11/13/
DO - 10.1109/ISDRS.2001.984578
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780374320
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISDRS.2001.984578
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Channel engineering in n-MOSFETs: scaling trends for hot electron injection and device degradation
AU - Williams, S.C.
AU - Hulfachor, R.B.
AU - Kim, K.W.
AU - Littlejohn, M.A.
T2 - 1996 54th Annual Device Research Conference Digest
AB - Drain engineering has been the primary focus of efforts to overcome reliability trade-offs dictated by channel hot electron injection (CHEI) into the oxide in MOSFET devices. Comparatively few studies on channel, or vertical, engineering have been conducted, though recently there has been increased interest in its applications. In this study we employ a reliability simulation package to investigate the potential of channel engineering for future silicon technology by comparing scaling trends of CHEI and device sensitivity to the resulting distributions of induced interface damage for both Super-Steep-Retrograde (SSR) channel designs and more conventional (CONV) channel designs.
C2 - 2002/12/24/
C3 - 1996 54th Annual Device Research Conference Digest
DA - 2002/12/24/
DO - 10.1109/DRC.1996.546299
PB - IEEE
SN - 0780333586
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/DRC.1996.546299
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Intra-chip wireless interconnect for clock distribution implemented with integrated antennas, receivers, and transmitters
AU - Floyd, B.A.
AU - Hung, Chih-Ming
AU - O, K.K.
T2 - IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
AB - A wireless interconnect system which transmits and receives RF signals across a chip using integrated antennas, receivers, and transmitters is proposed and demonstrated. The transmitter consists of a voltage-controlled oscillator, an output amplifier, and an antenna, while the receiver consists of an antenna, a low-noise amplifier, a frequency divider, and buffers. Using a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, each of these individual circuits is demonstrated at 15 GHz. Wireless interconnection for clock distribution is then demonstrated in two stages. First, a wireless transmitter with integrated antenna generates and broadcasts a 15-GHz global clock signal across a 5.6-mm test chip, and this signal is detected using receiving antennas. Second, a wireless clock receiver with an integrated antenna detects a 15-GHz global clock signal supplied to an on-chip transmitting antenna located 5.6 mm away from the receiver, and generates a 1.875-GHz local clock signal. This is the first known demonstration of an on-chip clock transmitter with an integrated antenna and the second demonstration of a clock receiver with an integrated antenna, where the receiver's frequency and interconnection distance have approximately been doubled over previous results.
DA - 2002/5//
PY - 2002/5//
DO - 10.1109/4.997846
VL - 37
IS - 5
SP - 543-552
J2 - IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits
OP -
SN - 0018-9200
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4.997846
DB - Crossref
KW - 15 GHz
KW - clock distribution
KW - frequency divider
KW - injection locking
KW - integrated antenna
KW - low noise amplifier (LNA)
KW - on-chip antenna
KW - RF CMOS
KW - voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)
KW - wireless clock distribution
KW - wireless interconnect
KW - zigzag antenna
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A 23.8-GHz SOI CMOS tuned amplifier
AU - Floyd, B.A.
AU - Shi, L.
AU - Taur, Yuan
AU - Lagnado, I.
AU - O, K.K.
T2 - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
AB - A 23.8-GHz tuned amplifier is demonstrated in a partially scaled 0.1-/spl mu/m silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology. The fully integrated three-stage amplifier employs a common-gate, source-follower, and cascode with on-chip spiral inductors and MOS capacitors. The gain is 7.3 dB, while input and output reflection coefficients are -45 and -9.4 dB, respectively. Positive gain is exhibited beyond 26 GHz. The amplifier draws 53 mA from a 1.5-V supply. The measured on-wafer noise figure is 10 dB, while the input-referred third-order intercept point is -7.8 dBm. The results demonstrate that 0.1-/spl mu/m CMOS technology may be used for 20-GHz RF applications and suggest even higher operating frequencies and better performance for further scaled technologies.
DA - 2002/9//
PY - 2002/9//
DO - 10.1109/tmtt.2002.802334
VL - 50
IS - 9
SP - 2193-2196
J2 - IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0018-9480
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2002.802334
DB - Crossref
KW - CMOS
KW - K-band
KW - low-noise amplifier
KW - negative resistance
KW - silicon-on-insulator
KW - SOI
KW - spiral inductor
KW - tuned amplifier
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Medical imaging using capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer arrays
AU - Johnson, Jeremy
AU - Oralkan, Ömer
AU - Demirci, Utkan
AU - Ergun, Sanlı
AU - Karaman, Mustafa
AU - Khuri-Yakub, Pierre
T2 - Ultrasonics
AB - We are investigating the use of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUT's) for use in medical imaging. We propose an ultrasound probe architecture designed to provide volumetric ultrasound imaging from within an endoscope channel. A complete automated experimental system has been implemented for testing the imaging performance of cMUT arrays. This PC-based system includes custom-designed circuit boards, a software interface, and resolution test phantoms. We have already fabricated 1D and 2D cMUT arrays, and tested the pulse-echo imaging characteristics of 1D arrays. Beamforming and image formation algorithms that aim to reduce the complexity of data acquisition hardware are tested via numerical simulations and using real data acquired from our system.
DA - 2002/5//
PY - 2002/5//
DO - 10.1016/s0041-624x(02)00161-0
VL - 40
IS - 1-8
SP - 471-476
J2 - Ultrasonics
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0041-624X
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-624x(02)00161-0
DB - Crossref
KW - capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer
KW - medical imaging
KW - three-dimensional ultrasound
KW - two-dimensional ultrasound array
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers: next-generation arrays for acoustic imaging?
AU - Oralkan, O.
AU - Ergun, A.S.
AU - Johnson, J.A.
AU - Karaman, M.
AU - Demirci, U.
AU - Kaviani, K.
AU - Lee, T.H.
AU - Khuri-Yakub, B.T.
T2 - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control
AB - Piezoelectric materials have dominated the ultrasonic transducer technology. Recently, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) have emerged as an alternative technology offering advantages such as wide bandwidth, ease of fabricating large arrays, and potential for integration with electronics. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the viability of CMUTs for ultrasound imaging. We present the first pulse-echo phased array B-scan sector images using a 128-element, one-dimensional (1-D) linear CMUT array. We fabricated 64- and 128-element 1-D CMUT arrays with 100% yield and uniform element response across the arrays. These arrays have been operated in immersion with no failure or degradation in performance over the time. For imaging experiments, we built a resolution test phantom roughly mimicking the attenuation properties of soft tissue. We used a PC-based experimental system, including custom-designed electronic circuits to acquire the complete set of 128 x 128 RF A-scans from all transmit-receive element combinations. We obtained the pulse-echo frequency response by analyzing the echo signals from wire targets. These echo signals presented an 80% fractional bandwidth around 3 MHz, including the effect of attenuation in the propagating medium. We reconstructed the B-scan images with a sector angle of 90 degrees and an image depth of 210 mm through offline processing by using RF beamforming and synthetic phased array approaches. The measured 6-dB lateral and axial resolutions at 135 mm depth were 0.0144 radians and 0.3 mm, respectively. The electronic noise floor of the image was more than 50 dB below the maximum mainlobe magnitude. We also performed preliminary investigations on the effects of crosstalk among array elements on the image quality. In the near field, some artifacts were observable extending out from the array to a depth of 2 cm. A tail also was observed in the point spread function (PSF) in the axial direction, indicating the existence of crosstalk. The relative amplitude of this tail with respect to the mainlobe was less than -20 dB.
DA - 2002/11//
PY - 2002/11//
DO - 10.1109/tuffc.2002.1049742
VL - 49
IS - 11
SP - 1596-1610
J2 - IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.
OP -
SN - 0885-3010
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2002.1049742
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Novel hardware architecture for fast address lookups
AU - Mehrotra, P.
AU - Franzon, P.D.
T2 - IEEE Communications Magazine
AB - For every packet an IP router receives, it makes a routing decision based on the packet's destination address. The router's forwarding rate is usually limited by the rate at which it can make these decisions. We describe a new method for implementing route lookups in hardware. Our method can be implemented in the forwarding engine of a network processor or router using a small on-chip SRAM and an off-chip DRAM, and it achieves a rate of one lookup per DRAM random access time. We present our method and discuss an implementation that uses a DRAM with 64 ns random access time to give over 15 million lookups per second. Our tests show that the method performs well for realistic routing tables while using only modest amounts of memory.
DA - 2002/11//
PY - 2002/11//
DO - 10.1109/mcom.2002.1046995
VL - 40
IS - 11
SP - 66-71
J2 - IEEE Commun. Mag.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0163-6804
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2002.1046995
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Foreword
AU - Nagle, H.T.
AU - Gardner, J.W.
AU - Persaud, K.
T2 - IEEE Sensors Journal
DA - 2002/6//
PY - 2002/6//
DO - 10.1109/jsen.2002.801137
VL - 2
IS - 3
SP - 131-132
J2 - IEEE Sensors J.
OP -
SN - 1530-437X 1558-1748
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2002.801137
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - BOOK
TI - Handbook of Machine Olfaction
AU - Libraries, NC State University
A3 - Pearce, Tim C.
A3 - Schiffman, Susan S.
A3 - Nagle, H. Troy
A3 - Gardner, Julian W.
DA - 2002/12/9/
PY - 2002/12/9/
DO - 10.1002/3527601597
OP -
PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
SN - 3527303588 3527601597
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527601597
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Performance analysis of automotive power systems: effects of power electronic intensive loads and electrically-assisted propulsion systems
AU - Lukic, SM
AU - Emadi, A
T2 - IEEE
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings IEEE 56th Vehicular Technology Conference
DA - 2002///
VL - 3
SP - 1835-1839
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Design and Simulation of Hybrid-Electric Vehicle (Spring 2002) IPRO 326
AU - Duo, Sijie
AU - Koo, Gary
AU - Shechtman, Sean
AU - Kohanim, Sahar
AU - Gangireddy, Sandeep
AU - Rodriguez, Fernando
AU - Lukic, Srdjan
AU - Bodakh, Hani
AU - Dubanski, Darius
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Advantages of hybrid electric vehicles with parallel drivetrain configurations
AU - Lukic, SM
AU - Emadi, A
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proc. 2002 Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Expo.
DA - 2002///
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - A PSIM-based modeling tool for conventional, electric, and hybrid electric vehicles studies
AU - Onoda, S
AU - Lukic, SM
AU - Nasiri, A
AU - Emadi, A
T2 - IEEE
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings IEEE 56th Vehicular Technology Conference
DA - 2002///
VL - 3
SP - 1676-1680
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Ultra-wideband high data rate short range wireless links
AU - Van’t Hof, J.P.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference
DA - 2002///
VL - 1
SP - 85-89
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036055918&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Theoretical estimates of HVAC duct channel capacity for high-speed internet access
AU - Xhafa, A.E.
AU - Tonguz, O.K.
AU - Cepni, A.G.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
AU - Nikitin, P.V.
AU - Brodtkorb, D.
T2 - IEEE International Conference on Communications
AB - We report theoretical channel capacity estimates of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) ducts based on multi-carrier transmission that uses M-QAM modulation and measured channel responses at 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. It is shown that, data rates in excess of 1 Gbps are possible over distances up to 500 m in "matched" ducts (one can think of "matched" ducts as user-friendly ducts, since "matching" can, in principle, eliminate all the multipath reflections in HVAC ducts). Our work also shows that data rates in excess of 300 Mbps are possible over distances up to 500 m even in the presence of significant multipath reflections.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/ICC.2002.996993
VL - 2
SP - 936-939
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036279625&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Refraction analysis at a step discontinuity of a three-dimensional multimode slab waveguide for incident modes with arbitrary direction
AU - Itagi, A.
AU - Schlesinger, T.E.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
AB - In this paper we present an analysis for the refraction of modes at the step discontinuity of a multimode slab waveguide. This analysis can be used analogous to ray tracing in conventional optics to obtain focusing properties of waveguide lenses. Apart from application in optical heads, this analysis finds application in communication systems that make widespread use of integrated optics.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - 2002 International Symposium on Optical Memory and Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting, ISOM/ODS 2002 - Joint International Symposium on Optical Memory and Optical Data Storage 2002, Technical Digest
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/OMODS.2002.1028650
SP - 308-310
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84962815566&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - RF propagation in an HVAC duct system: Impulse response characteristics of the channel
AU - Nikitin, P.V.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
AU - Tonguz, O.K.
AU - Xhafa, A.E.
AU - Cepni, A.G.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest)
DA - 2002///
VL - 2
SP - 726-729
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036075825&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Optical fields of a sub-wavelength metal aperture in a Very Small Aperture Laser (VSAL)
AU - Itagi, A.
AU - Chen, F.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
AU - Schlesinger, T.E.
AB - The effect of metal thickness on the transmitted optical field of a sub-wavelength metal aperture on a Very Small Aperture Laser (VSAL) is modeled and studied experimentally. The experimental results were obtained in the far field, on a VSAL fabricated from a commercial semiconductor diode laser using Focused Ion Beam Etching (FIBE). The optical field in the near-field region of the VSAL was modeled by the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. In this model, the laser was assumed to be decoupled from the aperture.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1117/12.453436
VL - 4342
SP - 277-284
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036386243&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Multi-carrier signal transmission through HVAC ducts: Experimental results for channel capacity
AU - Cepni, A.G.
AU - Xhafa, A.E.
AU - Nikitin, P.V.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
AU - Tonguz, O.K.
AU - Brodtkorb, D.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference
DA - 2002///
VL - 56
SP - 331-335
M1 - 1
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036447404&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Mark shapes in hybrid recording
AU - Herget, P.
AU - Rausch, T.
AU - Shiela, A.C.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
AU - Schlesinger, T.E.
AU - Zhu, J.-G.
AU - Bain, J.A.
T2 - Applied Physics Letters
AB - We describe the theoretical and experimental investigation of mark shapes in thermally assisted or hybrid recording. The effect of alignment was studied by recording marks on perpendicular TbFeCo media using a commercial recording head and 840 nm laser. We found that mark shapes are primarily controlled through laser/head alignment, and that maximally straight transitions are obtained by placing the laser spot on the leading pole tip near the gap. Simulations of the recording process confirm the experimental findings and are used in conjunction with static write contours to show how transitions form.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1063/1.1454230
VL - 80
IS - 10
SP - 1835-1837
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79956047799&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - High density substrate incident magneto-optic recording using a solid immersion lens
AU - Karns, D.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
AU - Vijaya Kumar, B.V.K.
AU - Schlesinger, T.E.
AB - A system demonstrating ultra-high optical recording densities is presented. A substrate incident solid immersion lens was implemented and integrated into a blue wavelength optical spin stand. The spin stand was designed to work without a focus or tracking servo. The optical readout spot size was determined to be approximately 250 nm from the impulse response of the system and was also verified by swept sine wave methods. The system signal-to-noise characteristics were determined by integration of the Fourier decomposition of the readout signal and by autocorrelation techniques. The signal to noise ratio for low frequency data was 23 dB. Finally, domains as small as 80 nm were recorded and readout using this system and the associated signal to noise ratio was shown to be approximately 10 dB.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1117/12.453384
VL - 4342
SP - 213-219
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036381204&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Experimental test bed for hybrid recording
AU - Rausch, T.
AU - Herget, P.
AU - Bain, J.A.
AU - Zhu, J.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
AU - Schlesinger, T.E.
AB - An experimental test bed for investigating the hybrid recording process and that allows for the precise visual alignment of the optical spot and magnetic head is described. Using this spin stand experiments have been performed on three types of hybrid recording where the critical bit dimensions are determined by using either, or both, the thermal and magnetic field profiles. By changing the relative alignment of the optical spot and magnetic head in the down track position four distinct types of marks unique to the hybrid recording process are observed.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1117/12.453398
VL - 4342
SP - 502-510
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036379974&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Experimental investigation of domain expansion speeds in MAMMOS
AU - Herget, P.
AU - Van Kesteren, H.W.
AU - Verschuren, C.A.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
AU - Schlesinger, T.E.
T2 - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
AB - The speeds of the domain expansion and collapse processes in a magnetic amplifying magneto-optical system (MAMMOS) recording system were experimentally measured with a high-speed photodetector. Data was collected for a range of read powers and field values, the average rise and fall times were extracted, and the delay between the field switching and the domain collapse was examined. The minimum measured expansion and collapse times were 1.6 and 4.5 ns, respectively, and the field switching to collapse delay was found to be about 20 ns with a spread of 20 ns. Theories on the expansion and collapse processes and an explanation of the delay are presented.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/TMAG.2002.801856
VL - 38
IS - 5 I
SP - 2099-2101
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036762385&partnerID=MN8TOARS
KW - magnetic domain expansion
KW - magnetic amplifying magneto-optical system (MAMMOS)
KW - super resolution
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Experimental effects of laser power on the writability and PW50 in a heat assisted longitudinal recording system
AU - Rausch, T.
AU - Bain, J.A.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
AU - Schlesinger, T.E.
AU - Challener, W.A.
AU - McDaniel, T.
AU - Deeman, N.
AU - Brucker, C.
AB - In a heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) system, light from a laser diode is used to heat the medium which assists in the recording process by temporarily reducing the coercivity during writing. The recorded marks are read back using a magnetoresistive (MR) sensor that senses the stray flux from a magnetic transition. In this paper we examine the effects of the laser power on the writability and the pulse width at half maximum (PW/sub 50/) for granular longitudinal media.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - 2002 International Symposium on Optical Memory and Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting, ISOM/ODS 2002 - Joint International Symposium on Optical Memory and Optical Data Storage 2002, Technical Digest
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/OMODS.2002.1028601
SP - 162-164
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84962878574&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Doubling wireless channel capacity using co-polarised, co-located electric and magnetic dipoles
T2 - Electronics Letters
AB - Experiments are described demonstrating the ability to realise independent information channels using co-located, co-polarised electric and magnetic dipoles in the presence of multipath propagation. The calculated information capacity is in good agreement with a random matrix channel model.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1049/el:20020442
VL - 38
IS - 14
SP - 746-747
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037019195&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Domain position detection MAMMOS
AU - Herget, P.
AU - Schlesinger, T.E.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
AB - This paper introduces a new technique for reading and writing data in a MAMMOS system in which the position rather than the presence of domains is detected. We will refer to this new technique as domain position detection or DPD-MAMMOS. DPD-MAMMOS has several advantages over conventional MAMMOS and mitigates a number of common problems. Through computer simulation, it is shown how this technique can increase power margins and increase storage density. At the same time, DPD-MAMMOS eliminates the need for clock recovery, and relaxes the requirements on coil design.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - 2002 International Symposium on Optical Memory and Optical Data Storage Topical Meeting, ISOM/ODS 2002 - Joint International Symposium on Optical Memory and Optical Data Storage 2002, Technical Digest
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/OMODS.2002.1028702
SP - 22-24
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84962910729&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - An integrated read/write head for hybrid recording
AU - Schlesinger, T.E.
AU - Rausch, T.
AU - Itagi, A.
AU - Zhu, J.
AU - Bain, J.A.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
T2 - Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review Papers
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
VL - 41
IS - 3 B
SP - 1821-1824
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036509236&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - An empirical path loss model for HVAC duct systems
AU - Tonguz, O.K.
AU - Stancil, D.D.
AU - Xhafa, A.E.
AU - Cepni, A.G.
AU - Nikitin, P.V.
AU - Brodtkorb, D.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Conference Record / IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference
DA - 2002///
VL - 2
SP - 1850-1854
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036967476&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - PAT
TI - Synchronous memory sharing based on cycle stealing
AU - Fadavi-Ardekani, J.
AU - Kermani, B.
AU - Soto, W. G.
AU - Niescier, R. J.
AU - You, F.
C2 - 2002///
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
ER -
TY - PAT
TI - Programmable priority encoder
AU - Kermani, B. G.
C2 - 2002///
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
ER -
TY - PAT
TI - Method and apparatus for providing noise immunity for a binary signal path on a chip
AU - Kermani, B. G.
C2 - 2002///
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
ER -
TY - PAT
TI - Thin film transistors and method of forming thin film transistors
AU - Batra, S.
AU - Manning, M.
AU - Banerjee, S.
AU - Damiano, D.
C2 - 2002///
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
ER -
TY - PAT
TI - Semiconductor structures with trench contacts
AU - Huang, Q.
C2 - 2002///
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Outcomes assessment: developing an electronic assessment database as a model for collection and analysis of data
AU - Spurlin, J. E.
AU - Rajala, S. A.
AU - Lavelle, J. P.
AU - Hoskins, O. J.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - American Society for Engineering Education
DA - 2002///
ER -
TY - PAT
TI - Nanowire arrays
AU - Ying, J. Y.
AU - Zhang, Z.
AU - Zhang, L.
AU - Dresselhaus, M. S.
C2 - 2002///
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
ER -
TY - PAT
TI - Diode-assisted gate turn-off thyristor
AU - Li, Y. Huang
AU - A. Q.,
AU - Motto, K.
C2 - 2002///
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - A large, fast instruction window for tolerating cache misses
AU - Lebeck, A. R.
AU - Koppanalil, J. J.
AU - Li, T.
AU - Patwardhan, J.
AU - Rotenberg, E.
AB - Instruction window size is an important design parameter for many modern processors. This paper presents a new instruction window design targeted at achieving the latency tolerance of large windows with the clock cycle time of small windows. The key observation is that instructions dependent on a long latency operation (e.g., cache miss) cannot execute until that source operation completes. These instructions are moved out of the conventional, small, issue queue to a much larger waiting instruction buffer (WIB). When the long latency operation completes, the instructions are reinserted into the issue queue. In this paper, we focus specifically on load cache misses and their dependent instructions. Simulations reveal that, for an 8-way processor, a 2K-entry WIB with a 32-entry issue queue can achieve speedups of 20%, 84%, and 50% over a conventional 32-entry issue queue for a subset of the SPEC CINT2000, SPEC CFP2000, and Olden benchmarks, respectively.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - 29th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture: Proceedings : 25-29 May, 2002, Anchorage, Alaska
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/isca.2002.1003562
SP - 59-70
PB - Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society
SN - 076951605X
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - A case for dynamic pipeline scaling
AU - Koppanalil, J.
AU - Ramrakhyani, P.
AU - Desai, S.
AU - Vaidyanathan, A.
AU - Rotenberg, E.
AB - Energy consumption can be reduced by scaling down frequency when peak performance is not needed. A lower frequency permits slower circuits, and hence a lower supply voltage. Energy reduction comes from voltage reduction, a technique called Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS).This paper makes the case that the useful frequency range of DVS is limited because there is a lower bound on voltage. Lowering frequency permits voltage reduction until the lowest voltage is reached. Beyond that point, lowering frequency further does not save energy because voltage is constant.However, there is still opportunity for energy reduction outside the influence of DVS. If frequency is lowered enough, pairs of pipeline stages can be merged to form a shallower pipeline. The shallow pipeline has better instructions-per-cycle (IPC) than the deep pipeline. Since energy also depends on IPC, energy is reduced for a given frequency. Accordingly, we propose Dynamic Pipeline Scaling (DPS). A DPS-enabled deep pipeline can merge adjacent pairs of stages by making the intermediate latches transparent and disabling corresponding feedback paths. Thus, a DPS-enabled pipeline has a deep mode for higher frequencies within the influence of DVS, and a shallow mode for lower frequencies. Shallow mode extends the frequency range for which energy reduction is possible. For frequencies outside the influence of DVS, a DPS-enabled deep pipeline consumes from 23% to 40% less energy than a rigid deep pipeline.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Compilers, Architecture, and Synthesis for Embedded Systems|h: 2002, Greenoble, France, October 08-11, 2002
DA - 2002///
DO - 10.1145/581630.581632
SP - 1-8
PB - New York: ACM Press
SN - 1581137265
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Untitled
AU - Al-Dhahir, N
AU - Giannakis, GB
AU - Hochwald, B
AU - Hughes, BL
AU - Marzetta, TL
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING
DA - 2002/10//
PY - 2002/10//
DO - 10.1109/tsp.2002.804127
VL - 50
IS - 10
SP - 2381-2384
SN - 1053-587X
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Raised cosine approximation signalling technique for reduced simultaneous switching noise
AU - Bashirullah, R
AU - Liu, W
T2 - ELECTRONICS LETTERS
AB - A new technique for reducing noise crosstalk due to inductive effects in high-speed switching environments is presented. A signalling scheme based on raised cosine approximation (RCA) pulses is used to achieve gradual buffer turn on without any speed penalties. A new current-mode RCA line driver is proposed and incorporated in a 16 bit 1 Gbit/s off-chip transmitter. Simulation results based on TSMC 0.25 µm show ground bounce noise reduction greater than 40%.
DA - 2002/10/10/
PY - 2002/10/10/
DO - 10.1049/el:20020852
VL - 38
IS - 21
SP - 1256-1258
SN - 1350-911X
ER -
TY - PAT
TI - Modular observation crawler and sensing instrument and method for operating same
AU - Grant, E.
AU - Muth, J. F.
AU - Cottle, J. S.
AU - Dessent, B. E.
AU - Cox, J. A.
C2 - 2002///
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Analyzing intensive intrusion alerts via correlation
AU - Ning, P.
AU - Cui, Y.
AU - Reeves, D. S.
T2 - Recent advances in intrusion detection, 5th international symposium, RAID 2002, Zurich, Switzerland, October 16-18, 2002: Proceedings
A2 - A. Wespi, G. Vigna
A2 - Deri, L.
AB - Traditional intrusion detection systems (IDSs) focus on low-level attacks or anomalies, and raise alerts independently, though there may be logical connections between them. In situations where there are intensive intrusions, not only will actual alerts be mixed with false alerts, but the amount of alerts will also become unmanageable. As a result, it is difficult for human users or intrusion response systems to understand the alerts and take appropriate actions. Several complementary alert correlation methods have been proposed to address this problem. As one of these methods, we have developed a framework to correlate intrusion alerts using prerequisites of intrusions. In this paper, we continue this work to study the feasibility of this method in analyzing real-world, intensive intrusions. In particular, we develop three utilities (called adjustable graph reduction, focused analysis, and graph decomposition) to facilitate the analysis of large sets of correlated alerts. We study the effectiveness of the alert correlation method and these utilities through a case study with the network traffic captured at the DEF CON 8 Capture the Flag (CTF) event. Our results show that these utilities can simplify the analysis of large amounts of alerts, and also reveals several attack strategies that were repeatedly used in the DEF CON 8 CTF event.
CN - QA76.9 .A25 R34 2002
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1007/3-540-36084-0_5
VL - 2516
SP - 74-94
PB - Berlin; New York: Springer
SN - 3540000208
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The jakes fading model for antenna arrays incorporating azimuth spread
AU - Fulghum, TL
AU - Molnar, KJ
AU - Duel-Hallen, A
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
AB - A new method for simulating the multiplicative fading of the narrow-band, flat wireless channel for antenna array receivers is presented. The new approach produces a set of fading waveforms, one waveform associated with each receiver element, in which the waveforms are appropriately correlated to take into account the spread, or dispersion, in the azimuth (arrival angle) of the received signal. The new method is an extension of the Jakes (1974) method of simulating fading in which the appropriate correlation of the set of waveforms is accomplished by directly considering the azimuth of scatterers in a particular distribution about the mobile transmitter. The models used for this cluster of scatterers are a ring and a disk of scatterers. Further modifications of the disk model permit the generation of fading waveforms which are correlated in a manner which reflect actual field measurements of azimuth dispersion. Analytical correlation of these models is reviewed for purposes of verification with the waveforms generated by the method.
DA - 2002/9//
PY - 2002/9//
DO - 10.1109/TVT.2002.801742
VL - 51
IS - 5
SP - 968-977
SN - 1939-9359
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2002.801742
KW - antenna arrays
KW - azimuth dispersion
KW - channel modeling
KW - Jakes fading model
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Laterally doped heterostructures for III–N lasing devices
AU - Komirenko, S. M.
AU - Kim, K. W.
AU - Kochelap, V. A.
AU - Zavada, J. M.
T2 - Applied Physics Letters
AB - To achieve a high-density electron-hole plasma in group-III nitrides for efficient light emission, we propose a planar two-dimensional (2D) p-i-n structure that can be formed in the quantum well layers due to efficient activation of donors and acceptors in the laterally, selectively doped barriers. We show that strongly nonequilibrium 2D electron-hole plasma with density above 1012 cm−2 can be realized in the i region of the laterally biased p-i-n structure, enabling the formation of interband population inversion and stimulated emission from such a lateral current pumped emitter (LACE). We suggest that implementation of the lateral p-i-n structures provides an efficient way of utilizing potential-profile-enhanced doping of superlattices and quantum wells for electric pumping of nitride-based lasers.
DA - 2002/12/9/
PY - 2002/12/9/
DO - 10.1063/1.1527985
VL - 81
IS - 24
SP - 4616-4618
J2 - Appl. Phys. Lett.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0003-6951 1077-3118
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1527985
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Global coupled EM-electrical-thermal simulation and experimental validation for a spatial power combining MMIC array
AU - Batty, W
AU - Christoffersen, CE
AU - Yakovlev, AB
AU - Whitaker, JF
AU - Mortazawi, A
AU - Al-Zayed, A
AU - Ozkar, M
AU - Ortiz, SC
AU - Reano, RM
AU - Yang, K
AU - Katehi, LPB
AU - Snowden, CM
AU - Steer, MB
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
AB - A unique electromagnetic (EM)-electrothermal global simulation tool based on a universal error concept is presented. The advantages of this electrothermal model are illustrated by comparison with a commercial electrothermal circuit simulator. The first description of a fully physical, electrothermal, microwave circuit simulation, based on coupling of the Leeds Physical Model of MESFETs and high electron-mobility transistors, to a microwave circuit simulator, fREEDA (NCSU), is presented. The modeling effort is supported by parallel developments in electrooptic and thermal measurement. The first fully coupled EM-electrothermal global simulation of a large microwave subsystem, here a whole spatial power combining monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) array, is described. The simulation is partially validated by measurements of MMIC array temperature rise and temperature dependent S-parameters. Electrothermal issues for spatial power combiner operation and modeling are discussed. The computer-aided-design tools and experimental characterization described, provide a unique capability for the design of quasi-optical systems and for the exploration of the fundamental physics of spatial power combining devices.
DA - 2002/12//
PY - 2002/12//
DO - 10.1109/TMTT.2002.805142
VL - 50
IS - 12
SP - 2820-2833
SN - 1557-9670
KW - electromagnetic (EM) measurements
KW - electromagnetic (EM) modeling
KW - electrothermal effects
KW - global modeling and simulation
KW - microwave circuits
KW - power devices
KW - quasi-optical power combining
KW - spatial power combiners
KW - thermal measurements
KW - thermal modeling
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Characterization of coil faults in an axial flux variable reluctance PM motor
AU - Nelson, AL
AU - Chow, MY
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION
AB - Variable-reluctance (VR) and switch-reluctance (SR) motors have been proposed for use in applications requiring a degree of fault tolerance. A range of topologies, of brushless SR and VR permanent-magnet (PM) motors are not susceptible to some types of faults, such as phase-to-phase shorts, and can often continue to function in the presence of other faults. In particular, coil-winding faults in a single stator coil may have relatively little effect on motor performance but may affect overall motor reliability, availability, and longevity. It is important to distinguish between and characterize various winding faults for maintenance and diagnostic purposes. These fault characterization and analysis results are a necessary first step in the process of motor fault detection and diagnosis for this motor topology. This paper examines rotor velocity damping due to stator winding turn-to-turn short faults in a fault-tolerant axial flux VR PM motor. In this type of motor, turn-to-turn shorts, due to insulation failures, have similar I-V characteristics as coil faults resulting from other problems, such as faulty maintenance or damage due to impact. In order to investigate the effects of these coil faults, a prototype axial flux VR PM motor was constructed. The motor was equipped with experimental fault simulation stator windings capable of simulating these and other types of stator winding faults. This paper focuses on two common types of winding faults and their effects on rotor velocity in this type of motor.
DA - 2002/9//
PY - 2002/9//
DO - 10.1109/TEC.2002.801730
VL - 17
IS - 3
SP - 340-348
SN - 1558-0059
KW - axial flux motor
KW - brushless dc motor
KW - electric vehicle propulsion
KW - failure analysis
KW - fault tolerance
KW - insulation failure
KW - turn-to-turn fault
KW - variable reluctance motor
KW - winding fault
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Spin-phase relaxation of two-dimensional holes localized in a fluctuating potential
AU - Semenov, Y. G.
AU - Borysenko, K. N.
AU - Kim, K. W.
T2 - Physical Review B
AB - We investigate a mechanism of spin phase relaxation for holes localized by an in-plane potential fluctuation in a quantum well. Dephasing is caused by the hole spin precession in a magnetic field with a fluctuation in the transverse g factor linked to the depth and the shape of localizing potential. The mechanism can be recognized by the linear dependences on magnetic field and the quadratic dependence on quantum well width. Quantitative analyses show the importance of this relaxation mechanism for deep fluctuative states of holes.
DA - 2002/9/3/
PY - 2002/9/3/
DO - 10.1103/physrevb.66.113302
VL - 66
IS - 11
SP -
J2 - Phys. Rev. B
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0163-1829 1095-3795
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.113302
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Designing heterostructures with predefined value of light-hole g factor for coherent solid-state quantum receiver
AU - Kiselev, A.A
AU - Kim, K.W
AU - Yablonovitch, E
T2 - Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures
AB - In this paper, we give a consistent theoretical analysis of the in-plane Zeeman effect for quantum-confined light holes and evaluate possibilities to design structures with desired property of large g factor for these valence states. Numerical example is given for the technologically important InGaAs/InP both lattice-matched and strained heterosystems suitable for 1.3 and 1.55μm optoelectronic applications.
DA - 2002/3//
PY - 2002/3//
DO - 10.1016/S1386-9477(02)00204-7
VL - 13
IS - 2-4
SP - 630-633
J2 - Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1386-9477
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1386-9477(02)00204-7
DB - Crossref
KW - semiconductor heterostructures
KW - Zeeman effect
KW - spin coherence
KW - quantum communications
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - UV detectors and focal plane array imagers based on AlGaN p-i-n photodiodes
AU - Long, J. P.
AU - Varadaraajan, S.
AU - Matthews, J.
AU - Schetzina, J. F.
T2 - Opto-electronics Review
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
VL - 10
IS - 4
SP - 251-260
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Theory of electrodeposition of diamond nanoparticles
AU - Bilbro, GL
T2 - DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
AB - We theoretically investigate the electrophoretic agglomeration of uncharged, possibly aggregated, nanodiamond (ND) particles, from liquid suspension onto a sharpened anode. We propose that the shape of such a ND agglomeration can be understood in terms of surface tension and Maxwell stress.
DA - 2002/8//
PY - 2002/8//
DO - 10.1016/S0925-9635(02)00104-8
VL - 11
IS - 8
SP - 1572-1577
SN - 0925-9635
KW - nanodiamond
KW - nanoparticle
KW - electrophoresis
KW - equilibrium
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - The economic impact of network pricing intervals
AU - Fulp, E. W.
AU - Reeves, D. S.
T2 - Burkhard Stiller ...[et al.] (Eds.), From QoS provisioning to QoS charging: Third COST 263 International Workshop on Quality of Future Internet Services, QofIS 2002 and second International Workshop on Internet Charging and QoS Technologies, ICQT 2002, Zurich, Switzerland, October 16-18, 2002
AB - Interval pricing can provide an effective means of congestion control as well as revenue generation. Using this method, prices are fixed over intervals of time, providing adaptability and predictability. An important issue is the interval duration associated with price updates. While previous research has discussed the effect of interval lengths on congestion control, this paper investigates the economic impact of price interval duration. Smaller intervals yield higher profits since prices are more responsive to changing demands. However, experimental results indicate only a modest profit gain (no more than 5%) is achieved when smaller intervals are used as opposed to larger intervals (for example 100 times longer). Given users preferences toward fewer price changes, smaller price intervals may hold few economic benefits.
CN - TK5105.875. I57 C67 2002
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1007/3-540-45859-x_30
VL - 2511
SP - 315-324
PB - Berlin; New York: Springer
SN - 3540443568
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Tunable barium strontium titanate thin film capacitors for RF and microwave applications
AU - Tombak, A
AU - Maria, JP
AU - Ayguavives, F
AU - Jin, Z
AU - Stauf, GT
AU - Kingon, AI
AU - Mortazawi, A
T2 - IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS
AB - The measurement results for thin film barium strontium titanate (BST) based voltage tunable capacitors intended for RF applications are reported. At 9 V DC, BST capacitors fabricated using MOCVD (metalorganic chemical vapor deposition) method achieved 71% (3.4:1) tunability. The measured device quality factor (Q) for BST varactors is comparable with the device Q for commercially available varactor diodes of similar capacitance. The typical dielectric loss tangent was in the range 0.003-0.009 at VHF. Large signal measurement and modeling results for BST thin film capacitors are also presented.
DA - 2002/1//
PY - 2002/1//
DO - 10.1109/7260.975716
VL - 12
IS - 1
SP - 3-5
SN - 1558-1764
KW - barium strontium titanate
KW - (Ba,Sr)TiO3
KW - BST
KW - ferroelectric
KW - MOCVD
KW - thin film
KW - tunable capacitor
KW - varactor
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Spatial power splitting and combining based on the Talbot effect
AU - Tayag, TJ
AU - Steer, MB
AU - Harvey, JF
AU - Yakovlev, AB
AU - Davis, J
T2 - IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS
AB - The Talbot effect, a multimode interference phenomenon, is investigated as a technique for combining power from solid-state devices in order to generate higher levels of microwave and millimeter-wave power in a process referred to as quasioptical or spatial power combining. We explore the feasibility of using the Talbot effect to implement a 1 /spl times/ 8 power splitter and an 8 /spl times/ 1 power combiner at 94 GHz. We report the first demonstration of the multimode interface phenomenon in a planar waveguide at 8 GHz.
DA - 2002/1//
PY - 2002/1//
DO - 10.1109/7260.975718
VL - 12
IS - 1
SP - 9-11
SN - 1531-1309
KW - coupled mode analysis
KW - interference
KW - MMIC power amplifiers
KW - multimode waveguides
KW - power combiners
KW - power dividers
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Long-term reliability degradation of ultrathin dielectric films due to heavy-ion irradiation
AU - Choi, BK
AU - Fleetwood, DM
AU - Schrimpf, RD
AU - Massengill, LW
AU - Galloway, KF
AU - Shaneyfelt, MR
AU - Meisenheimer, TL
AU - Dodd, PE
AU - Schwank, , JR
AU - Lee, YM
AU - John, RS
AU - Lucovsky, G
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
AB - High-energy ion-irradiated 3.3-nm oxynitride film and 2.2-nm SiO/sub 2/-film MOS capacitors show premature breakdown during subsequent electrical stress. This degradation in breakdown increases with increasing ion linear energy transfer (LET), increasing ion fluence, and decreasing oxide thickness. The reliability degradation due to high-energy ion-induced latent defects is explained by a simple percolation model of conduction through SiO/sub 2/ layers with irradiation and/or electrical stress-induced defects. Monitoring the gate-leakage current reveals the presence of latent defects in the dielectric films. These results may be significant to future single-event effects and single-event gate rupture tests for MOS devices and ICs with ultrathin gate oxides.
DA - 2002/12//
PY - 2002/12//
DO - 10.1109/TNS.2002.805389
VL - 49
IS - 6
SP - 3045-3050
SN - 1558-1578
KW - heavy-ion irradiation
KW - radiation effect
KW - single-event effect
KW - ultra-thin gate dielectric films
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Inter-packet delay based correlation for tracing encrypted connections through stepping stones
AU - Wang, X. Y.
AU - Reeves, D. S.
AU - Wu, S. F.
A2 - D. Gollmann, G. Karjoth
A2 - Waidner, M.
C2 - 2002///
C3 - Computer security--ESORICS 2002: 7th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security, Zurich, Switzerland, October 14-16, 2002: proceedings (Lecture notes in computer science ; 2502)
DA - 2002///
VL - 2502
SP - 244-263
PB - New York: Springer
SN - 0750306114
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Generation of high-frequency coherent acoustic phonons in superlattices under hopping transport. I. Linear theory of phonon instability
AU - Glavin, B. A.
AU - Kochelap, V. A.
AU - Linnik, T. L.
AU - Kim, K. W.
AU - Stroscio, M. A.
T2 - Physical Review B
AB - In this work we consider the theory of high-frequency phonon generation in a weakly coupled doped semiconductor superlattice. Electric bias, applied to such a superlattice, destroys the electron minibands, creates electron states localized in the individual quantum wells, and forms population inversion between these states. An electric current occurs due to the phonon-induced interwell hops. We show that under such conditions the electric current produces a phonon instability: populations of phonon modes propagating almost collinearly with the superlattice axis increase exponentially in time. It is demonstrated that the population growth increment can be as high as several times ${10}^{8} {\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},$ and considerably exceeds the internal phonon scattering rates. Also discussed are effects influencing the increment, such as a screening of the electron-phonon interaction and a modification of the phonon spectrum in superlattices.
DA - 2002/1/30/
PY - 2002/1/30/
DO - 10.1103/physrevb.65.085303
VL - 65
IS - 8
SP -
J2 - Phys. Rev. B
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0163-1829 1095-3795
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.65.085303
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Electrical properties of Ru-based alloy gate electrodes for dual metal gate Si-CMOS
AU - Misra, V
AU - Zhong, HC
AU - Lazar, H
T2 - IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
AB - In this letter, low resistivity Ru and Ru-Ta alloy films, deposited via reactive sputtering, were evaluated as gate electrodes for p- and n-MOSFET devices, respectively. MOSFETs fabricated via a conventional process flow indicated that the work functions of Ru and Ru-Ta alloys were compatible with p- and n-MOSFET devices, respectively. Both of the metal gated devices eliminated gate depletion effects. Good MOSFET characteristics, such as I/sub DS/-V/sub GS/ and mobility, were obtained for both Ru-gated PMOSFETs and Ru-Ta gated NMOSFETs.
DA - 2002/6//
PY - 2002/6//
DO - 10.1109/LED.2002.1004233
VL - 23
IS - 6
SP - 354-356
SN - 0741-3106
KW - advanced gatestacks
KW - CMOS
KW - gate electrodes
KW - metal alloy
KW - metal gates
KW - MOS transistors
KW - Ru, Ru-Ta, Ta
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Effect of riparian buffer width and vegetation type on shallow groundwater quality in the Middle Coastal Plain of North Carolina
AU - Dukes, M. D.
AU - Evans, R. O.
AU - Gilliam, J. W.
AU - Kunickis, S. H.
T2 - Transactions of the ASAE
AB - The effect of riparian buffer width and vegetation type on shallow groundwater quality has not been evaluatedin the Middle Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Four riparian buffer vegetation types and nobuffer (notill corn and ryerotation or pasture) were established at 8 and 15 m widths as follows: cool season grass (fescue), deeprooted grass (switchgrass), forest (pine and mixed hardwood), and native vegetation. Nested groundwater monitoring wells were installed at thefield/buffer edge and the stream edge in the middle of each riparian buffer plot at three depths. Most deep, middepth, andshallow wells were 3.0 m, 1.8 m, and 0.6 m deep from the ground surface to the top of the 0.6 m perforated section, respectively.Wells were sampled for 23 months beginning July 1998. Although the ditch well nitratenitrogen concentrations at the middlewell depth were significantly lower in the 15 m wide plots compared to the 8 m plots over half the monitoring period, extremeflooding as a result of a hurricane in the middle of the study confounded the results. The effect of vegetation was not significantat any time, including the nobuffer cropped and fertilized plots. The effect of vegetation was minimized because at the earlystage in the buffer vegetation establishment, vegetative cover and root mass were not fully developed, the hurricaneinducedflooding forced the reestablishment of several vegetation types (forest and fescue), and there was likely some mixing ofgroundwater flowing toward the vegetation plots. Establishment of buffers along streams where groundwater flowed awayfrom the stream did not result in lower groundwater nitrate levels.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.13031/2013.8528
VL - 45
IS - 2
SP - 327-336
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Demosaicking as a bilateral filtering process
AU - Ramanath, R
AU - Snyder, WE
T2 - IMAGE PROCESSING: ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS
AB - Digital Still Color Cameras sample the visible spectrum using an array of color filters overlaid on a CCD such that each pixel samples only one color band. The resulting mosaic of color samples is processed to produce a high resolution color image such that a value of a color band not sampled at a certain location is estimated from its neighbors. This is often referred to as 'demosaicking.' In this paper, we approach the process of demosaicking as a bilateral filtering process which is a combination of spatial domain filtering and filtering based on similarity measures. Bilateral filtering smooths images while preserving edges by means of nonlinear combinations of neighboring image pixel values. A bilateral filter can enforce similarity metrics (such as squared error or error in the CIELAB space) between neighbors while performing the typical filtering operations. We have implemented a variety of kernel combinations while performing demosaicking. This approach provides us with a means to denoise, sharpen and demosaic the image simultaneously. We thus have the ability to represent demosaicking algorithms as spatial convolutions. The proposed method along with a variety of existing demosaicking strategies are run on synthetic images and real-world images for comparative purposes.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1117/12.467984
VL - 4667
SP - 236-244
SN - 0277-786X
KW - bilateral filtering
KW - color filter array
KW - demosaicing
KW - demosaicking
KW - digital still camera
KW - interpolation
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Vertically scaled MOSFET gate stacks and junctions: How far are we likely to go?
AU - Osburn, CM
AU - Kim, I
AU - Han, SK
AU - De, I
AU - Yee, KF
AU - Gannavaram, S
AU - Lee, SJ
AU - Lee, CH
AU - Luo, ZJ
AU - Zhu, W
AU - Hauser, , JR
AU - Kwong, DL
AU - Lucovsky, G
AU - Ma, TP
AU - Ozturk, MC
T2 - IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
AB - The vertical scaling requirements for gate stacks and for shallow extension junctions are reviewed. For gate stacks, considerable progress has been made in optimizing oxide/nitride and oxynitride dielectrics to reduce boron penetration and dielectric leakage compared to pure SiO 2 in order to allow sub-2-nm dielectrics. Several promising alternative material candidates exist for 1-nm equivalent oxide thickness (EOT)—for example, HfO 2 , ZrO 2 , and their silicates. Nevertheless, considerable challenges lie ahead if we are to achieve an EOT of less than 0.5 nm. If only a single molecular interface layer of oxide is needed to preserve high channel mobility, it seems likely that an EOT of 0.4–0.5 nm would represent the physical limit of dielectric scaling, but even then with a very high leakage (∼10 5 A/cm 2 ). For junctions, the main challenge lies in providing low parasitic series resistance as depths are scaled in order to reduce short-channel effects. Because contacts are ultimately expected to dominate the parasitic resistance, low-barrier-height contacts and/or very heavily doped junctions will be required. While ion implantation and annealing processes can certainly be extended to meet the junction-depth and series-resistance requirements for additional generations, alternative low-temperature deposition processes that produce either metastably or extraordinarily activated, abruptly doped regions seem better suited to solve the contact resistance problem.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1147/rd.462.0299
VL - 46
IS - 2-3
SP - 299-315
SN - 2151-8556
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Structural, optical and magnetic properties of diluted magnetic semiconducting Zn1-xMnxO films
AU - Tiwari, A
AU - Jin, C
AU - Kvit, A
AU - Kumar, D
AU - Muth, JF
AU - Narayan, J
T2 - SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS
AB - We have investigated the structural, optical and magnetic properties of high quality epitaxial Zn1−xMnxO (diluted magnetic semiconductor) films. These films were deposited on (0001) sapphire substrate by a pulsed laser deposition technique. The nonequilibrium nature of the laser–material interaction allowed us to dope higher Mn contents (x=0.36) than allowed by thermal equilibrium limit (x∼0.13). All the films investigated here were found to be single phased and epitaxial with (0001) orientation. As the Mn concentration increases in the system, the c-axis lattice constant was found to increase linearly. Optical transmittance study showed an increase in the insulating band-gap (Eg) with increase in Mn atomic fraction x following Eg=3.270+2.760x−4.988x2eV. DC magnetization measurements showed the paramagnetic nature of the system.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00464-1
VL - 121
IS - 6-7
SP - 371-374
SN - 0038-1098
KW - thin films
KW - laser processing
KW - epitaxy
KW - X-ray scattering
KW - optical properties
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Novel cubic ZnxMg1-xO epitaxial hetero structures on Si (100) substrates
AU - Narayan, J.
AU - Sharma, A. K.
AU - Kvit, A.
AU - Jin, C.
AU - Muth, J. F.
AU - Holland, O. W.
T2 - Solid State Communications
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
VL - 121
IS - 1
SP - 9-13
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Meltblown structures formed by a robotic and meltblowing integrated system: Impact of process parameters on fiber orientation and diameter distribution
AU - Farer, R
AU - Seyam, AM
AU - Ghosh, TK
AU - Grant, E
AU - Batra, SK
T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
AB - In a previous publication, we described a novel system that forms three-dimensional (3D) structures on 3D molds and two-dimensional (2D) structures on a rotating drum through proper integration of a laboratory scale meltblown unit with a small die and a six-axis robot. In this paper, we investigate the impact of take-up speed. die-to-collector distance (DCD). polymer throughput rate. and attenuating air pressure on the fiber orien tation and diameter distribution of 2D structures formed by the system. We introduce a new parameter, the fiber stream approach angle, which can be precisely controlled by the robot, and discuss its impact on the meltblown structure. In the experimental range studied, fiber orientation and diameter distribution are significantly impacted by the parameters. Among these parameters. the fiber stream approach angle shows the highest effect on fiber orientation distribution.
DA - 2002/12//
PY - 2002/12//
DO - 10.1177/004051750207201201
VL - 72
IS - 12
SP - 1033-1040
SN - 0040-5175
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Mathematical methods in imaging
AU - Hero, AO
AU - Krim, H
T2 - IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE
DA - 2002/9//
PY - 2002/9//
DO - 10.1109/MSP.2002.1028348
VL - 19
IS - 5
SP - 13-14
SN - 1053-5888
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Image comparison measure for digital still color cameras
AU - Ramanath, A. R
AU - Snyder, B. W.
AU - Hinks, C. D.
T2 - 2002 International Conference on Image Processing: proceedings: ICIP: 22-25 September, 2002, Rochester Riverside Convention Center, Rochester, New York, USA: Vol. 1
PY - 2002///
VL - 1
SP - 629-632
PB - Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Focused local learning with wavelet neural networks
AU - Rying, EA
AU - Bilbro, GL
AU - Lu, JC
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS
AB - A novel objective function is presented that incorporates both local and global errors as well as model parsimony in the construction of wavelet neural networks. Two methods are presented to assist in the minimization of this objective function, especially the local error term. First, during network initialization, a locally adaptive grid is utilized to include candidate wavelet basis functions whose local support addresses the local error of the local feature set. This set can be either user-defined or determined using information derived from the wavelet transform modulus maxima representation. Next, during the network construction, a new selection procedure based on a subspace projection operator is presented to help focus the selection of wavelet basis functions to reduce the local error. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of these methodologies in minimizing local and global error while maintaining model parsimony and incurring a minimal increase on computational complexity.
DA - 2002/3//
PY - 2002/3//
DO - 10.1109/72.991417
VL - 13
IS - 2
SP - 304-319
SN - 1045-9227
KW - local error
KW - objective function
KW - wavelets
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Er-doped AlGaAs native oxides: Photoluminescence characterization and process optimization
AU - Kou, LG
AU - Hall, DC
AU - Strohhofer, C
AU - Polman, A
AU - Zhang, T
AU - Kolbas, RM
AU - Heller, RD
AU - Dupuis, RD
T2 - IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
AB - We present 300 K photoluminescence (PL) characterization data for wet thermal native oxides of Al/sub 0.58/Ga/sub 0.42/As films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition and doped with Er via multiple high-energy ion implants (for 0.0675, 0.135, and 0.27 atomic percent (at.%) peak Er concentrations), and Al/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/As and Al/sub 0.8/In/sub 0.2/As films doped with Er (0.03-0.26 at.%) during molecular beam epitaxy crystal growth. Broad spectra with a /spl sim/50-nm full-width at half-maximum and a PL peak at 1.534 /spl mu/m are observed, characteristic of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/:Er films. The dependencies of PL intensity, spectra, and lifetime on annealing temperature (675/spl deg/C-900/spl deg/C), time (2-60 min) and As overpressure (0-0.82 atm) are studied to optimize the annealing process, with As considered as a possible quenching mechanism. Wet and dry-oxidized films are compared to explore the role of hydroxyl (OH) groups identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR experiments employing heavy water (D/sub 2/O) suggest that OH groups in wet oxidized AlGaAs come mainly from post-oxidation adsorption of atmospheric moisture. AlGaAs:Er films wet oxidized with 0.1% O/sub 2/ added to the N/sub 2/ carrier gas show a fourfold PL intensity increase, doubled PL lifetime to /spl tau//spl sim/5.0 ms (0.27 at.% implanted sample), and the lowest degree of concentration quenching.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/JSTQE.2002.801689
VL - 8
IS - 4
SP - 880-890
SN - 1077-260X
KW - aluminum alloys
KW - erbium
KW - integrated optoelectronics
KW - materials processing
KW - optical amplifiers
KW - oxidation
KW - photoluminescence
KW - semiconductor films
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Computer-aided design of RF and microwave circuits and systems
AU - Steer, MB
AU - Bandler, JW
AU - Snowden, CM
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
AB - The history of RF and microwave computer-aided engineering is documented in the annals of the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society. The era began with elaborate analytically based models of microwave components and simple computer-aided techniques to cascade, cascode, and otherwise connect linear component models to obtain the responses of linear microwave circuits. Development has become rapid with computer-oriented microwave practices addressing complex geometries and with the ability to globally model and optimize large circuits. The pursuit of accurate models of active devices and of passive components continues to be a key activity.
DA - 2002/3//
PY - 2002/3//
DO - 10.1109/22.989983
VL - 50
IS - 3
SP - 996-1005
SN - 1557-9670
KW - circuit theory
KW - computer-aided design
KW - device modeling
KW - EM modeling
KW - global modeling
KW - microwave circuits
KW - nonlinear analysis
KW - optimization
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - An adaptive receiver for space-time trellis codes based on per-survivor processing
AU - Cozzo, C
AU - Hughes, BL
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS
AB - An adaptive receiver based on per-survivor processing is proposed for detecting space-time trellis codes transmitted over time-selective flat-fading channels, and its performance is examined through simulations. Results suggest that the new receiver can outperform iterative approaches based on Kalman filtering and the expectation-maximization algorithm, at the cost of increased receiver complexity.
DA - 2002/8//
PY - 2002/8//
DO - 10.1109/TCOMM.2002.801457
VL - 50
IS - 8
SP - 1213-1216
SN - 1558-0857
KW - channel tracking
KW - fading channels
KW - joint detection and estimation
KW - per-survivor processing
KW - space-time coding
KW - transmit diversity
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - X-ray and Raman analyses of GaN produced by ultrahigh-rate magnetron sputter epitaxy
AU - Park, M
AU - Maria, JP
AU - Cuomo, JJ
AU - Chang, YC
AU - Muth, JF
AU - Kolbas, RM
AU - Nemanich, RJ
AU - Carlson, E
AU - Bumgarner, J
T2 - APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
AB - Thick films of GaN were studied by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The GaN thick films were deposited on (0001) sapphire using ultrahigh-rate magnetron sputter epitaxy with typical growth rates as high as 10–60 μm/min. The width of the x-ray rocking curve from the (0002) reflection for the sample produced by this technique is ∼300 arcsec, which is unprecedented for GaN produced by a sputtering-type process. Our recent sample shows an x-ray rocking curve width of 240 arcsec. Only allowed modes were observed in the polarized Raman spectra. The background free carrier concentration is lower than 3×1016 cm−3. The phonon lifetime of the Raman E2(2) mode of the sputtered GaN was comparable to that of bulk single crystal GaN grown by sublimation. The quality of the film was uniform across the wafer. The film was thermally stable upon annealing in N2 ambient. The x-ray and Raman analyses revealed that the sputtered GaN films are of high crystalline quality.
DA - 2002/9/2/
PY - 2002/9/2/
DO - 10.1063/1.1506781
VL - 81
IS - 10
SP - 1797-1799
SN - 0003-6951
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Voltage-controlled generation of high-frequency coherent acoustic phonons in superlattices
AU - Glavin, B.A.
AU - Kochelap, V.A.
AU - Linnik, T.L.
AU - Kim, K.W.
AU - Stroscio, M.A.
T2 - Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures
AB - Abstract We demonstrate that doped superlattices in the hopping conduction regime can be used for efficient generation of high-frequency coherent acoustic phonons. The phonons that can be generated in actual finite-length superlattice structures lay at the edge of the phonon miniband and have vanishingly small radiation losses. This causes onset of the phonon generation in a relatively narrow range of Stark splitting (or electric bias) which is complemented by a peak of the current–voltage characteristic of superlattice.
DA - 2002/1//
PY - 2002/1//
DO - 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00330-7
VL - 12
IS - 1-4
SP - 458-461
J2 - Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1386-9477
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00330-7
DB - Crossref
KW - coherent phonons
KW - generation of phonons
KW - hopping conduction
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Structure and properties of nanocrystalline zinc films
AU - Narayan, J
AU - Venkatesan, RK
AU - Kvit, A
T2 - JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
DA - 2002/6//
PY - 2002/6//
DO - 10.1023/A:1019925315398
VL - 4
IS - 3
SP - 265-269
SN - 1572-896X
KW - nanocrystalline zinc films
KW - Hall-Petch hardening
KW - inverse Hall-Petch and softening
KW - self-assembly processing
KW - nanoscale characterization
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Problems in publishing accurate color in IEEE journals
AU - Vrhel, MJ
AU - Trussell, HJ
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING
AB - To demonstrate the performance of color image processing algorithms, it is desirable to be able to accurately display color images in archival publications. In poster presentations, the authors have substantial control of the printing process, although little control of the illumination. For journal publication, the authors must rely on professional intermediaries (printers) to accurately reproduce their results. Our previous work describes requirements for accurately rendering images using your own equipment. This paper discusses the problems of dealing with intermediaries and offers suggestions for improved communication and rendering.
DA - 2002/4//
PY - 2002/4//
DO - 10.1109/TIP.2002.999671
VL - 11
IS - 4
SP - 373-376
SN - 1941-0042
KW - color reproduction
KW - display and printing
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Multiscale signal enhancement: Beyond the normality and independence assumption
AU - He, Y
AU - Krim, H
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING
AB - Current approaches to denoising or signal enhancement in a wavelet-based framework have generally relied on the assumption of normally distributed perturbations. In practice, this assumption is often violated and sometimes prior information of the probability distribution of a noise process is not even available. To relax this assumption, we propose a novel nonlinear filtering technique in this paper. The key idea is to project a noisy signal onto a wavelet domain and to suppress wavelet coefficients by a mask derived from curvature extrema in its scale space representation. For a piecewise smooth signal, it can be shown that filtering by this curvature mask is equivalent to preserving the signal pointwise Hölder exponents at the singular points and lifting its smoothness elsewhere.
DA - 2002/4//
PY - 2002/4//
DO - 10.1109/TIP.2002.999676
VL - 11
IS - 4
SP - 423-433
SN - 1057-7149
KW - Holder space
KW - multiscale analysis
KW - nonlinear filtering
KW - wavelet
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Lower bounds on precedence-constrained scheduling for parallel processors
AU - Baev, ID
AU - Meleis, WM
AU - Eichenberger, A
T2 - INFORMATION PROCESSING LETTERS
AB - We consider two general precedence-constrained scheduling problems that have wide applicability in the areas of parallel processing, high performance compiling, and digital system synthesis. These problems are intractable so it is important to be able to compute tight bounds on their solutions. A tight lower bound on makespan scheduling can be obtained by replacing precedence constraints with release and due dates, giving a problem that can be efficiently solved. We demonstrate that recursively applying this approach yields a bound that is provably tighter than other known bounds, and experimentally shown to achieve the optimal value at least 90.3% of the time over a synthetic benchmark. We compute the best known lower bound on weighted completion time scheduling by applying the recent discovery of a new algorithm for solving a related scheduling problem. Experiments show that this bound significantly outperforms the linear programming-based bound. We have therefore demonstrated that combinatorial algorithms can be a valuable alternative to linear programming for computing tight bounds on large scheduling problems.
DA - 2002/7/16/
PY - 2002/7/16/
DO - 10.1016/S0020-0190(01)00303-9
VL - 83
IS - 1
SP - 27-32
SN - 1872-6119
KW - scheduling
KW - parallel processing
KW - lower bounds
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Fractional Levy motion and its application to network traffic modeling
AU - Laskin, N
AU - Lambadaris, I
AU - Harmantzis, FC
AU - Devetsikiotis, M
T2 - COMPUTER NETWORKS
AB - We introduce a general non-Gaussian, self-similar, stochastic process called the fractional Levy motion (fLm). We formally expand the family of traditional fractal network traffic models, by including the fLm process. The main findings are the probability density function of the fLm process, several scaling results related to a single-server infinite buffer queue fed by fLm traffic, e.g., scaling of the queue length, and its distribution, scaling of the queuing delay when independent fLm streams are multiplexed, and an asymptotic lower bound for the probability of overflow (decreases hyperbolically as a function of the buffer size).
DA - 2002/10/22/
PY - 2002/10/22/
DO - 10.1016/s1389-1286(02)00300-6
VL - 40
IS - 3
SP - 363-375
SN - 1872-7069
KW - self-similarity
KW - heavy-tailed distribution
KW - scaling
KW - fractal queueing theory
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Direct formation of self-assembled nanoporous aluminium oxide on SiO2 and Si substrates
AU - Cai, AL
AU - Zhang, HY
AU - Hua, H
AU - Zhang, ZB
T2 - NANOTECHNOLOGY
AB - An unconventional self-assembly process was integrated with traditional silicon microfabrication technologies to directly form hexagonally ordered nanoporous patterns on both SiO2 and Si surfaces. Starting with an aluminium thin film deposited on a SiO2 or Si substrate, an Al anodization process was employed to generate highly uniform nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide thin films with average pore diameters of 30–70 nm directly on SiO2 and Si surfaces. The long-range order of the anodic aluminium oxide nanoporous structures was improved by thermally annealing the starting Al films to promote the grain size growth and by utilizing a multiple anodization process to enhance their uniformity. The formation of the hexagonally ordered nanoporous array may be attributed to the interplay between the topological requirement for space filling of pores and the kinetics of domain growth with time under a constant anodization voltage. These results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating self-assembled anodic aluminium oxide nanostructures with Si microfabrication technologies in the pursuit of future-generation Si nanoelectronic devices.
DA - 2002/10//
PY - 2002/10//
DO - 10.1088/0957-4484/13/5/317
VL - 13
IS - 5
SP - 627-630
SN - 1361-6528
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Capacitance and conductance characterization of ferrocene-containing self-assembled monolayers on silicon surfaces for memory applications
AU - Li, QL
AU - Mathur, G
AU - Homsi, M
AU - Surthi, S
AU - Misra, V
AU - Malinovskii, V
AU - Schweikart, KH
AU - Yu, LH
AU - Lindsey, JS
AU - Liu, ZM
AU - Dabke, RB
AU - Yasseri, A
AU - Bocian, DF
AU - Kuhr, WG
T2 - APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
AB - Self-assembled monolayers of 4-ferrocenylbenzyl alcohol attached to silicon provided the basis for electrolyte-molecule-silicon capacitors. Characterization by conventional capacitance and conductance techniques showed very high capacitance and conductance peaks near ∼0.6 V associated with charging and discharging of electrons into and from discrete levels in the monolayer owing to the presence of the redox-active ferrocenes. The reversible charge trapping of these molecules suggest their potential application in memory devices. Due to the molecular scalability and low-power operation, molecular-silicon hybrid devices may be strong candidates for next-generation electronic devices.
DA - 2002/8/19/
PY - 2002/8/19/
DO - 10.1063/1.1500781
VL - 81
IS - 8
SP - 1494-1496
SN - 0003-6951
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Stochastic differential equations and geometric flows
AU - Unal, G
AU - Krim, H
AU - Yezzi, A
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING
AB - In previous years, curve evolution, applied to a single contour or to the level sets of an image via partial differential equations, has emerged as an important tool in image processing and computer vision. Curve evolution techniques have been utilized in problems such as image smoothing, segmentation, and shape analysis. We give a local stochastic interpretation of the basic curve smoothing equation, the so called geometric heat equation, and show that this evolution amounts to a tangential diffusion movement of the particles along the contour. Moreover, assuming that a priori information about the shapes of objects in an image is known, we present modifications of the geometric heat equation designed to preserve certain features in these shapes while removing noise. We also show how these new flows may be applied to smooth noisy curves without destroying their larger scale features, in contrast to the original geometric heat flow which tends to circularize any closed curve.
DA - 2002/12//
PY - 2002/12//
DO - 10.1109/TIP.2002.804568
VL - 11
IS - 12
SP - 1405-1416
SN - 1057-7149
KW - geometric image and shape flows
KW - stochastic differential equations
KW - nonlinear filtering
KW - shape analysis
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Retinal prosthesis for the blind
AU - Margalit, E.
AU - Maia, M.
AU - Weiland, J. D.
AU - Greenberg, R. J.
AU - Fujii, G. Y.
AU - Torres, G.
AU - Piyathaisere, D. V.
AU - O'Hearn, T. M.
AU - Liu, W. T.
AU - Lazzi, G.
AU - Dagnelie, G.
AU - Scribner, D. A.
AU - De Juan, E.
AU - Humayun, M. S.
T2 - Survey of Ophthalmology
AB - Most of current concepts for a visual prosthesis are based on neuronal electrical stimulation at different locations along the visual pathways within the central nervous system. The different designs of visual prostheses are named according to their locations (i.e., cortical, optic nerve, subretinal, and epiretinal). Visual loss caused by outer retinal degeneration in diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa or age-related macular degeneration can be reversed by electrical stimulation of the retina or the optic nerve (retinal or optic nerve prostheses, respectively). On the other hand, visual loss caused by inner or whole thickness retinal diseases, eye loss, optic nerve diseases (tumors, ischemia, inflammatory processes etc.), or diseases of the central nervous system (not including diseases of the primary and secondary visual cortices) can be reversed by a cortical visual prosthesis. The intent of this article is to provide an overview of current and future concepts of retinal and optic nerve prostheses. This article will begin with general considerations that are related to all or most of visual prostheses and then concentrate on the retinal and optic nerve designs. The authors believe that the field has grown beyond the scope of a single article so cortical prostheses will be described only because of their direct effect on the concept and technical development of the other prostheses, and this will be done in a more general and historic perspective..
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1016/S0039-6257(02)00311-9
VL - 47
IS - 4
SP - 335-356
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Generation of high-frequency coherent acoustic phonons in superlattices under hopping transport. II. Steady-state phonon population and electric current in generation regime
AU - Glavin, B. A.
AU - Kochelap, V. A.
AU - Linnik, T. L.
AU - Kim, K. W.
AU - Stroscio, M. A.
T2 - Physical Review B
AB - For electrically biased superlattices exhibiting the effect of phonon instability (see paper I), we analyze the nonlinear problem of high-frequency acoustic phonon generation. We develop a theory treating self-consistently phonon generation and electron transport through the superlattice. We find that the dominant mechanism associated with the steady-state generation regime is electron heating caused by the nonequilibrium phonons. It is shown that under the generation regime the spectral distribution of phonons is extremely narrow, and that the generated power density can be as high as ${10}^{6} \mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ for terahertz phonons. The electric current is controlled by the nonequilibrium phonons, and is higher by an order of magnitude than that under subthreshold conditions. In addition, we conclude that for the real superlattice structures the threshold condition is likely to be reached for the miniband-edge phonons having zero group velocity and negligible radiation losses.
DA - 2002/1/30/
PY - 2002/1/30/
DO - 10.1103/physrevb.65.085304
VL - 65
IS - 8
SP -
J2 - Phys. Rev. B
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0163-1829 1095-3795
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.65.085304
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Electrical characteristics of TaSixNy/SO2/Si structures by Fowler-Nordheim current analysis
AU - Suh, YS
AU - Heuss, GP
AU - Misra, V
T2 - APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
AB - In this letter, the Fowler–Nordheim tunneling in TaSixNy/SiO2/p-Si structures has been analyzed. The effective barrier height at the metal–oxide interface was extracted by Fowler–Nordheim current analysis. The barrier height was found to increase with increased annealing temperature. The barrier height was correlated with the extracted work function from capacitance–voltage analysis. This indicated that the work function of TaSixNy films changes under high temperature annealing from 4.2∼4.3 eV after 400 °C anneals to ∼4.8 eV after 900 °C anneals. We believe that the mechanism that causes the work function to increase is the formation of a Ta-disilicide layer at the interface between the electrode and the dielectric.
DA - 2002/2/25/
PY - 2002/2/25/
DO - 10.1063/1.1453478
VL - 80
IS - 8
SP - 1403-1405
SN - 0003-6951
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - An experimental study of algorithms for weighted completion time scheduling
AU - Baev, ID
AU - Meleis, WM
AU - Eichenberger, A
T2 - ALGORITHMICA
DA - 2002/5//
PY - 2002/5//
DO - 10.1007/s00453-001-0103-x
VL - 33
IS - 1
SP - 34-51
SN - 0178-4617
KW - experimental evaluation
KW - weighted completion time scheduling
KW - precedence constraints
KW - parallel machines
KW - compilers
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - THz-frequency intrinsic oscillations in double-barrier quantum well systems
AU - Woolard, D
AU - Zhao, P
AU - Cui, HL
T2 - PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER
AB - Traditional implementations of double-barrier quantum well structures (DBQWSs) have not been successful as oscillator sources at THz frequencies because they are utilized in an extrinsic (i.e., external charge exchange) manner. Indeed, the true failing of a “traditional” DBQWS-based oscillator is tied directly to the physical principles associated with its implementation. In this paper, greater insight into the physics of instabilities within nanoscale tunneling structures is revealed. Here, self-consistent, time-dependent Wigner–Poisson simulations demonstrate sustained THz-frequency current-oscillations in a DBQWS that arise without the benefit of external charging processes. More importantly, dependencies between the emitter-boundary structure and the DBQWS are identified that strongly influence the internal instability phenomenon. These new results offer potential methodologies for inducing and controlling intrinsic oscillations in DBQWSs.
DA - 2002/3//
PY - 2002/3//
DO - 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)01372-2
VL - 314
IS - 1-4
SP - 108-112
SN - 1873-2135
KW - terahertz frequency
KW - oscillator
KW - quantum well
KW - Wigner function
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Threshold control policies for heterogeneous server systems
AU - Luh, HP
AU - Viniotis, I
T2 - MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH
DA - 2002/3//
PY - 2002/3//
DO - 10.1007/s001860100168
VL - 55
IS - 1
SP - 121-142
SN - 1432-2994
KW - queueing
KW - Linear Programming
KW - Dynamic Programming
KW - Markov processes
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Phonons in nanostructures: device applications
AU - Stroscio, M.
AU - Dutta, M.
AU - Kahn, D.
AU - Kim, K.W.
AU - Komirenko, S.
T2 - Physica B: Condensed Matter
AB - This review highlights the utility of the dielectric and elastic continuum models for describing phonons in nanostructures. The properties of confined, interface and propagating modes in wurtzite quantum-confined structures may be described theoretically in terms of the dielectric continuum and Loudon's model for uniaxial semiconductors. Moreover, dimensionally confined acoustic phonon modes in nanostructures and carbon nanotubes may be described in terms of the elastic continuum models.
DA - 2002/5//
PY - 2002/5//
DO - 10.1016/s0921-4526(02)00418-0
VL - 316-317
SP - 8-11
J2 - Physica B: Condensed Matter
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0921-4526
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00418-0
DB - Crossref
KW - elastic continuum models
KW - confined phonons
KW - nanostructures
KW - wurtzites
KW - fullereness
KW - carbon nanotubes
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Enhanced low-temperature thermionic field emission from surface-treated N-doped diamond films
AU - Kock, FAM
AU - Garguilo, JM
AU - Brown, B
AU - Nemanich, RJ
T2 - DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
AB - Nitrogen-doped diamond films have been synthesized for application as a low-temperature thermionic field-emission cathode. The critical result of this study is the observation of uniform electron emission from UV photo-excitation and from thermionic field emission for films terminated with hydrogen or a 0.3-nm Ti layer. The samples were imaged with photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) and thermionic field-emission electron microscopy (T-FEEM) at temperatures up to 900 °C, and the electron emission current was recorded vs. the applied voltage. Hydrogen-passivated films show enhanced electron emission, but become unstable at elevated temperatures, while Ti-terminated films showed similar enhanced emission at temperatures up to 950 °C. Temperature-dependent I/V measurements show strongly increased electron emission at higher temperatures, suggesting that electron emission originates from the conduction band. These results indicate a promising new material for the production of low-temperature, high-brightness electron sources.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1016/S0925-9635(02)00006-7
VL - 11
IS - 3-6
SP - 774-779
SN - 1879-0062
KW - chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
KW - diamond
KW - field emission
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Effect of H-2 on nitrogen incorporation in the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of GaAs1-yNy (0 <= y <= 0.08)
AU - Moody, BF
AU - Barletta, PT
AU - El-Masry, NA
AU - Roberts, JC
AU - Aumer, ME
AU - LeBoeuf, SF
AU - Bedair, SM
T2 - APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
AB - The effect of hydrogen on the incorporation of nitrogen in GaAs1−yNy grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is reported. Nitrogen content as high as y=0.081 has been achieved when the use of H2 is completely avoided in the MOCVD growth of GaAs1−yNy. When H2 is added to the growth ambient, the value of y in GaAs1−yNy decreases as the relative percent of H2 in the carrier gas increases. We will report on the properties of these GaAsN films and discuss the nature of the effect that H2 has on modulating the N content in these films.
DA - 2002/4/8/
PY - 2002/4/8/
DO - 10.1063/1.1464225
VL - 80
IS - 14
SP - 2475-2477
SN - 0003-6951
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Confinement and amplification of terahertz acoustic phonons in cubic heterostructures
AU - Komirenko, S.M.
AU - Kim, K.W.
AU - Kochelap, V.A.
AU - Stroscio, M.A.
T2 - Physica B: Condensed Matter
AB - A general criterion for phonon confinement is derived in the model of elastically anisotropic (cubic) media. The results are applied to the calculation of the dispersion curves of the confined phonons in Si/Si1−xGex/Si and AlAs/GaAs/AlAs heterostructures. For these structures, we show that the lowest-order phonon branches behave differently from those in the model of isotropic media. We have found that confinement is strong in the terahertz frequency range. For p-Si/SiGe/Si and n-AlAs/GaAs/AlAs quantum well heterostructures, we have studied the effect of amplification of confined high-frequency phonons by the drift of low-dimensional carriers. Two electron–phonon interaction mechanisms were taken into account: interaction via the deformation potential (p-SiGe and n-AlGaAs) and the piezoelectric interaction (n-AlGaAs). It was found that an amplification coefficient of the order of 102cm−1 for the AlGaAs heterostructures and 103cm−1 for the SiGe heterostructures can be obtained in spectrally-separated narrow amplification bands.
DA - 2002/5//
PY - 2002/5//
DO - 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00506-9
VL - 316-317
SP - 356-358
J2 - Physica B: Condensed Matter
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0921-4526
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00506-9
DB - Crossref
KW - acoustic phonon confinement
KW - phonon amplification
KW - elastic anisotropy
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Computing call-blocking probabilities in LEO satellite networks: The single-orbit case
AU - Zaim, AH
AU - Rouskas, GN
AU - Perros, HG
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
AB - We study the problem of carrying voice calls over a low-Earth-orbit satellite network and present an analytical model for computing call-blocking probabilities for a single orbit of a satellite constellation. We have devised a method to solve the corresponding Markov process efficiently for orbits of up to five satellites. For orbits consisting of a larger number of satellites, we have developed an approximate decomposition algorithm to compute the call-blocking probabilities by decomposing the system into smaller subsystems and iteratively solving each subsystem in isolation using the exact Markov process. Our approach can capture blocking due to handoffs for both satellite-fixed and Earth-fixed constellations. Numerical results demonstrate that our method is accurate for a wide range of traffic patterns and for orbits with a number of satellites that is representative of commercial satellite systems.
DA - 2002/3//
PY - 2002/3//
DO - 10.1109/25.994809
VL - 51
IS - 2
SP - 332-347
SN - 1939-9359
KW - call blocking probability
KW - decomposition algorithms
KW - handoffs
KW - low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite networks
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Choosing the brain(s) of an embedded system
AU - Conte, TM
T2 - COMPUTER
AB - Embedded processors are fundamentally different from desktop processors -costs are too tight for fancy chip sets and expensive packaging. So if you're new to embedded processors, the marketplace is foreign. Worse, so are the design decisions. When you consider purchasing an embedded microprocessor, look carefully at the direct memory access engine.
DA - 2002/7//
PY - 2002/7//
DO - 10.1109/MC.2002.1016908
VL - 35
IS - 7
SP - 106-107
SN - 0018-9162
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Observation of latent reliability degradation in ultrathin oxides after heavy-ion irradiation
AU - Suehle, JS
AU - Vogel, EM
AU - Roitman, P
AU - Conley, JF
AU - Johnston, AH
AU - Wang, B
AU - Bernstein, JB
AU - Weintraub, CE
T2 - APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
AB - Constant voltage time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown distributions were obtained for both unirradiated and irradiated 3.0 and 3.2 nm thick SiO2 films subjected to Co60 gamma irradiation and heavy ions of 823 MeV Xe129 (linear energy transfer=59 MeV-cm2/mg). The gamma irradiation had no effect on oxide lifetime. The heavy ion irradiation substantially reduced oxide life even though the devices were biased at 0.0 V during irradiation. The reduction of oxide lifetime under constant-voltage stress conditions was a strong function of the heavy ion fluence.
DA - 2002/2/18/
PY - 2002/2/18/
DO - 10.1063/1.1448859
VL - 80
IS - 7
SP - 1282-1284
SN - 1077-3118
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Guest Editorial - Multiuser detection techniques with application to wired and wireless communications systems II
AU - Cherubini, G
AU - Cioffi, JM
AU - Duel-Hallen, A
AU - Poor, HV
AU - Tranter, WH
T2 - IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS
DA - 2002/2//
PY - 2002/2//
DO - 10.1109/JSAC.2002.983334
VL - 20
IS - 2
SP - 233-236
SN - 0733-8716
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Electron-beam-induced optical memory effects in GaN
AU - Chang, YC
AU - Cai, AL
AU - Johnson, MAL
AU - Muth, JF
AU - Kolbas, RM
AU - Reitmeier, ZJ
AU - Einfeldt, S
AU - Davis, RF
T2 - APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
AB - Metastable effects in unintentionally doped GaN films grown on SiC substrates have been investigated using cathodoluminescence (CL). Memory effect patterns produced optically are observed in CL images. An electron beam can also produce memory effect patterns and the resulting changes in the luminescence spectra are quite similar for either optical or electron-beam-induced patterns. CL spectra reveal that the yellow luminescence at 2.2 eV increases significantly with little change in the band-edge emission in both cases. Samples that do not exhibit optically induced memory effects are also investigated and do not exhibit electron-beam-induced patterns, either. Monochromatic CL images at 540 and 365 nm confirm the similarity of optically and electron-beam-induced memory effects based on changes in luminescence spectra.
DA - 2002/4/15/
PY - 2002/4/15/
DO - 10.1063/1.1469222
VL - 80
IS - 15
SP - 2675-2677
SN - 0003-6951
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Effects of tensile, compressive, and zero strain on localized states in AlInGaN/InGaN quantum-well structures
AU - Aumer, ME
AU - LeBoeuf, SF
AU - Moody, BF
AU - Bedair, SM
AU - Nam, K
AU - Lin, JY
AU - Jiang, HX
T2 - APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
AB - The recombination dynamics of optical transitions as well as strain effects in AlInGaN/In0.08Ga0.92N quantum wells (QWs) were studied. QW emission energy, photoluminescence decay behavior, photoluminescence emission line shape, and nonradiative recombination behavior were found to be strong functions of strain as well as localization. The degree of carrier localization was inferred by modeling several aspects of optical behavior obtained from variable temperature time-resolved photoluminescence experiments. According to the modeling results, the degree of localization was found to be a minimum for unstrained QWs and increased as either tensile or compressive strain increased, indicating that InGaN QW microstructure is a function of the lattice-mismatch-induced strain experienced during deposition.
DA - 2002/4/29/
PY - 2002/4/29/
DO - 10.1063/1.1469219
VL - 80
IS - 17
SP - 3099-3101
SN - 0003-6951
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Designing a heterostructure for the quantum receiver
AU - Kiselev, A. A.
AU - Kim, K. W.
AU - Yablonovitch, E.
T2 - Applied Physics Letters
AB - In this letter, we develop optimal parameters for a structure which is suitable for the realization of a coherent quantum receiver. Conditions including predefined photon wavelength, strain, small Zeeman splitting of the electron levels, and large Zeeman effect for quantum-confined light holes are satisfied simultaneously for the structure based on the InGaAsP solid solutions. We are able to achieve designs with wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 μm that are desirable for optoelectronic applications.
DA - 2002/4/22/
PY - 2002/4/22/
DO - 10.1063/1.1472480
VL - 80
IS - 16
SP - 2857-2859
J2 - Appl. Phys. Lett.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0003-6951 1077-3118
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1472480
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Confinement and amplification of acoustic waves in cubic heterostructures
AU - Komirenko, S. M.
AU - Kim, K. W.
AU - Kochelap, V. A.
AU - Stroscio, M. A.
T2 - Physical Review B
AB - We present the theory of acoustic phonon confinement in elastically anisotropic (cubic) quantum-well (QW) heterostructures grown in a direction of high symmetry. A general criterion for phonon confinement is derived. For ${\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}/\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{0.5}/\mathrm{Si},$ $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}/\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}/\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}$ and $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}$ QW heterostructures, dispersion curves are obtained, and displacement fields corresponding to the confined phonons are studied in detail. It is found that the confinement of acoustic phonons in these QW layers is strong in the subterahertz and terahertz frequency ranges. The resulting description of phonon confinement is applied to analyze the amplification of confined modes by the drift of the two-dimensional carriers as a function of the phonon frequency, the temperature, and the parameters of heterostructure. The calculation shows that the amplification coefficient of the confined phonons can exceed ${10}^{3} {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for Si/Ge-based structures and ${10}^{2} {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for AlAs/GaAs-based structures.
DA - 2002/4/4/
PY - 2002/4/4/
DO - 10.1103/physrevb.65.155321
VL - 65
IS - 15
SP -
J2 - Phys. Rev. B
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0163-1829 1095-3795
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.65.155321
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A robust multilevel interconnect module for subquartermicrometer complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology integration
AU - Zhang, ZB
AU - Huang, JS
AU - Twiford, M
AU - Martin, E
AU - Layadi, N
AU - Salah, A
AU - Bhowmik, B
AU - Vitkavage, D
AU - Lytle, S
AU - Yeh, ECC
AU - Tu, KN
T2 - JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
AB - In this work, we present detailed studies of two integration schemes for an aluminum-wire/tungsten-plug-based multilevel ultralarge scale integration (ULSI) interconnect module for subquartermicrometer complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of each of them primarily from a process integration point of view. We demonstrate that an etch stop (ES) integration scheme in which the via etch stops on the TiN cladding layer could result in significantly improved via electromigration performance compared to an over etch (OE) integration scheme in which the via is overetched into the underlying Al(Cu). We also identified several highly detrimental early failure modes associated with the OE structure, including contamination-induced stress void formation underneath the via, the metal extrusion inside the via, and the metal corrosion at the bottom of the via, and showed that such early failure modes could be prevented in the ES integration scheme. Even though there were some small penalties in the device performance in the ES integration scheme, the benefits in the reliability and the better tolerance to manufacturing process variation clearly justify the adoption of this robust multilevel ULSI interconnect module for subquartermicrometer CMOS technologies. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
DA - 2002/5//
PY - 2002/5//
DO - 10.1149/1.1467949
VL - 149
IS - 5
SP - G324-G329
SN - 1945-7111
ER -
TY - PAT
TI - System and method for powering, controlling, and communicating with multiple inductively-powered devices
AU - Mueller, J. S.
AU - Nagle, H. T.
AU - Gyurcsik, R. S.
AU - Kelley, A. W.
C2 - 2002///
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Reliability degradation of ultra-thin oxynitride and Al2O3 gate dielectric films owing to heavy-ion irradiation
AU - Choi, B. K.
AU - Fleetwood, D. M.
AU - Massengill, L. W.
AU - Schrimpf, R. D.
AU - Galloway, K. F.
AU - Shaneyfelt, M. R.
AU - Meisenheimer, T. L.
AU - Dodd, P. E.
AU - Schwank, J. R.
AU - Lee, Y. M.
AU - Johnson, R. S.
AU - Lucovsky, G.
T2 - Electronics Letters
AB - The charge-to-breakdown of 3.3 nm oxynitride films shows significant degradation after irradiation with 342 MeV Au ions. In contrast, 5.4 nm Al2O3 films exhibit much less degradation for similar heavy-ion stress.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1049/el:20020119
VL - 38
IS - 4
SP - 157-158
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Theory of nanotip formation
AU - Bilbro, G. L.
T2 - Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. B, Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
VL - 20
IS - 3
SP - 757-761
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The effects of timing jitter and tracking on the performance of impulse radio
AU - Lovelace, WM
AU - Townsend, JK
T2 - IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS
AB - Impulse radio (IR) is a promising ultra-wideband technique for tactical military communications. A key feature of time-hopping IR are the very narrow pulses used to convey information. Analysis of such time-hopping schemes under a variety of assumptions have been reported in the literature. However, none of these studies to date consider the effects of timing jitter and tracking on time-hopping in a ultra-wideband (UWB) setting. We consider the effects of timing jitter and tracking on the performance of binary and 4-ary UWB communications. We find that the performance of IR is very sensitive to timing jitter and tracking, at least in part due to the very narrow pulses. We also find that in the presence of timing jitter and tracking, orthogonal 4-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) out performs binary offset PPM at all jitter levels in thermal and pulse noise. Simulation results are presented that quantify the sensitivity of binary and 4-ary IR to timing jitter and tracking error.
DA - 2002/12//
PY - 2002/12//
DO - 10.1109/JSAC.2002.805058
VL - 20
IS - 9
SP - 1646-1651
SN - 1558-0008
KW - impulse radio (IR)
KW - medium access control (MAC) layer
KW - network
KW - timing jitter
KW - tracking
KW - ultra-wideband (UWB) radio
KW - wireless
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Self and sovereignty: Individual and community in South Asian Islam since 1850
AU - Gilmartin, D
T2 - INDIAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY REVIEW
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1177/001946460203900414
VL - 39
IS - 4
SP - 458-460
SN - 0019-4646
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Queue control under time-variant delays: A discrete time system approach
AU - Bauer, P. H.
AU - Sichitiu, Mihail L.
AU - Premaratne, K.
T2 - Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers
AB - This paper introduces a discrete time model for time-variant delays and investigates the very nature of such delays. It is shown that a linear system-delay interface is a system theoretic necessity for the construction of composite linear systems with time-variant delays. Based on this analysis, two interfaces of particular importance are presented and used to obtain new, simple to check stability results for queue control systems. The relevance of the presented modeling and stability results on queue control systems to QoS control in modern communication networks is illustrated via several examples.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1142/s0218126602000380
VL - 11
IS - 2
SP - 187–211
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Nanocell logic gates for molecular computing
AU - Tour, JM
AU - Van Zandt, WL
AU - Husband, CP
AU - Husband, SM
AU - Wilson, LS
AU - Franzon, PD
AU - Nackashi, DP
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY
AB - Molecular electronics seeks to build electrical devices to implement computation - logic and memory - using individual or small collections of molecules. These devices have the potential to reduce device size and fabrication costs, by several orders of magnitude, relative to conventional CMOS. However, the construction of a practical molecular computer will require the molecular switches and their related interconnect technologies to behave as large-scale diverse logic, with input/output wires scaled to molecular dimensions. It is unclear whether it is necessary or even. possible to control the precise regular placement and interconnection of these diminutive molecular systems. This paper describes genetic algorithm-based simulations of molecular device structures in a nanocell where placement and connectivity of the internal molecular switches are not specifically directed and the internal topology is generally disordered. With some simplifying assumptions, these results show that it is possible to use easily fabricated nanocells as logic devices by setting the internal molecular switch states after the topological molecular assembly is complete. Simulated logic devices include an inverter, a NAND gate, an XOR gate and a 1-bit adder. Issues of defect and fault tolerance are addressed.
DA - 2002/6//
PY - 2002/6//
DO - 10.1109/TNANO.2002.804744
VL - 1
IS - 2
SP - 100-109
SN - 1536-125X
KW - circuit simulation
KW - genetic algorithms
KW - logic circuit fault tolerance
KW - logic devices
KW - molecular electronics
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A high-linearity 100-element diode grid mixer
AU - Oliveira, M.
AU - Cheung, C. D. M.
AU - Al-Zayed, A.
AU - Chio, I. F. F.
AU - Swisher, R. R.
AU - Lecuyer, F.
AU - Delisio, M. P.
T2 - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
AB - Grid-mixer arrays can achieve high linearity and dynamic range through quasi-optical power combining. We present a 100-element single-ended diode grid mixer operating at 2.45 GHz. Each element incorporates two diodes in series. We measure an input third-order intercept of 11 W (40.5 dBm), and output third-order intercept of 3.4 W (35.4 dBm), and an associated conversion loss of 5.1 dB. The power-handling capability of the array is 100 times larger than that of a microstrip mixer using a single element. The local oscillator (LO) drive requirement for the entire array is 1.4 W (31.6 dBm). The angular dependence of the array's IF power is also presented and is in agreement with theory.
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1109/TAP.2002.1011237
VL - 50
IS - 5
SP - 698-702
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Unifying probabilistic and variational estimation
AU - Hamza, AB
AU - Krim, H
AU - Unal, GB
T2 - IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE
AB - A maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator using a Markov or a maximum entropy random field model for a prior distribution may be viewed as a minimizer of a variational problem.Using notions from robust statistics, a variational filter referred to as a Huber gradient descent flow is proposed. It is a result of optimizing a Huber functional subject to some noise constraints and takes a hybrid form of a total variation diffusion for large gradient magnitudes and of a linear diffusion for small gradient magnitudes. Using the gained insight, and as a further extension, we propose an information-theoretic gradient descent flow which is a result of minimizing a functional that is a hybrid between a negentropy variational integral and a total variation. Illustrating examples demonstrate a much improved performance of the approach in the presence of Gaussian and heavy tailed noise. In this article, we present a variational approach to MAP estimation with a more qualitative and tutorial emphasis. The key idea behind this approach is to use geometric insight in helping construct regularizing functionals and avoiding a subjective choice of a prior in MAP estimation. Using tools from robust statistics and information theory, we show that we can extend this strategy and develop two gradient descent flows for image denoising with a demonstrated performance.
DA - 2002/9//
PY - 2002/9//
DO - 10.1109/MSP.2002.1028351
VL - 19
IS - 5
SP - 37-47
SN - 1053-5888
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The partitions of memory: The afterlife of the division of India
AU - Gilmartin, D
T2 - INDIAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY REVIEW
DA - 2002///
PY - 2002///
DO - 10.1177/001946460203900106
VL - 39
IS - 1
SP - 115-117
SN - 0019-4646
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Spin relaxation of conduction electrons in bulk III-V semiconductors
AU - Song, Pil Hun
AU - Kim, K. W.
T2 - Physical Review B
AB - The spin relaxation time of conduction electrons through the Elliot-Yafet, D'yakonov-Perel, and Bir-Aronov-Pikus mechanisms is calculated theoretically for bulk GaAs, GaSb, InAs, and InSb of both n and p type. The relative importance of each spin relaxation mechanism is compared, and diagrams showing the dominant mechanism are constructed as a function of the temperature and impurity concentration. Our approach is based upon theoretical calculations of the momentum relaxation rate, and allows one to understand the interplay between various factors affecting the spin relaxation over a broad range of temperature and impurity concentration.
DA - 2002/7/31/
PY - 2002/7/31/
DO - 10.1103/physrevb.66.035207
VL - 66
IS - 3
SP -
J2 - Phys. Rev. B
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0163-1829 1095-3795
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.035207
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - PCOMM
TI - Mathematics for demosaicking
AU - Trussell, HJ
AU - Hartwig, RE
AB - Digital color cameras sample the continuous color spectrum using three or more filters; however, each pixel represents a sample of only one of the color bands. This arrangement is called a mosaic. To produce a full-resolution color image, the recorded image must be processed to estimate the values of the pixels for all the other color bands. This restoration process is often called demosaicking. This paper uses stacked notation to represent the mosaicked image capture and derives the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator for the demosaicked image. By making common assumptions, the restoration can be computed in a cost-effective manner. Extensions to the linear method are proposed to allow adaptive behavior.
DA - 2002/4//
PY - 2002/4//
DO - 10.1109/tip.2002.999681
SP - 485-492
KW - deblurring
KW - demosaic
KW - digital camera
KW - image restoration
KW - interpolation
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Issues in high-kappa gate stack interfaces
AU - Misra, V
AU - Lucovsky, G
AU - Parsons, GN
T2 - MRS BULLETIN
DA - 2002/3//
PY - 2002/3//
DO - 10.1557/mrs2002.73
VL - 27
IS - 3
SP - 212-216
SN - 1938-1425
KW - gate stacks
KW - high-dielectric-constant materials
KW - high-kappa dielectrics
KW - interface reactions
KW - metal gates
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Hot electrons in group-III nitrides at moderate electric fields
AU - Barry, E. A.
AU - Kim, K. W.
AU - Kochelap, V. A.
T2 - Applied Physics Letters
AB - By the use of the Monte Carlo method, we studied the distribution function and the basic characteristics of hot electrons in InN, GaN, and AlN under moderate electric fields. We found that in relatively low fields (of the order of kV/cm) the optical phonon emission dominates in the electron kinetics. This strongly inelastic process gives rise to a spindle-shaped distribution function and an extended portion of a quasisaturation of the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics (the streaming-like regime). Formation of this regime is induced by a suppression of the electron spreading over the momenta perpendicular to the electric field. We prove that this is a universal character of the hot electron behavior for all three nitrides. The effects can be detected by the measurement of the I–V characteristics, or the thermopower of hot electrons in the transverse direction.
DA - 2002/4//
PY - 2002/4//
DO - 10.1063/1.1464666
VL - 80
IS - 13
SP - 2317-2319
J2 - Appl. Phys. Lett.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0003-6951 1077-3118
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1464666
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Fuzzy neural network models for liquefaction prediction
AU - Rahman, MS
AU - Wang, J
T2 - SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
AB - Integrated fuzzy neural network models are developed for the assessment of liquefaction potential of a site. The models are trained with large databases of liquefaction case histories. A two-stage training algorithm is used to develop a fuzzy neural network model. In the preliminary training stage, the training case histories are used to determine initial network parameters. In the final training stage, the training case histories are processed one by one to develop membership functions for the network parameters. During the testing phase, input variables are described in linguistic terms such as ‘high’ and ‘low’. The prediction is made in terms of a liquefaction index representing the degree of liquefaction described in fuzzy terms such as ‘highly likely’, ‘likely’, or ‘unlikely’. The results from the model are compared with actual field observations and misclassified cases are identified. The models are found to have good predictive ability and are expected to be very useful for a preliminary evaluation of liquefaction potential of a site for which the input parameters are not well defined.
DA - 2002/9//
PY - 2002/9//
DO - 10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00059-3
VL - 22
IS - 8
SP - 685-694
SN - 0267-7261
KW - earthquake
KW - soil
KW - liquefaction
KW - ground failure
KW - fuzzy neural network models
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Demosaicking methods for Bayer color arrays
AU - Ramanath, R
AU - Snyder, WE
AU - Bilbro, GL
AU - Sander, WA
T2 - JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING
AB - The Journal of Electronic Imaging (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
DA - 2002/7//
PY - 2002/7//
DO - 10.1117/1.1484495
VL - 11
IS - 3
SP - 306-315
SN - 1560-229X
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Transmission of longitudinal optical phonons through a barrier in uniaxial crystals
AU - Lee, B. C.
AU - Yu, SeGi
AU - Kim, K. W.
AU - Stroscio, M. A.
AU - Dutta, M.
T2 - Physical Review B
AB - Transmission of longitudinal optical (LO) phonons in double heterostructures with uniaxial anisotropy is investigated within a dielectric continuum model. When LO-like phonons are generated in the left semi-infinite layer, their transmission probability through a barrier to the right semi-infinite layer is calculated. ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{N}/\mathrm{GaN}/{\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{N}$ and $\mathrm{GaN}/{\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{N}/\mathrm{GaN}$ systems are considered for numerical calculations. In contrast to the isotropic case, where there is no transmission, it is shown that the propagation probability could be significant with only about 1% anisotropy. The propagation probability of phonons is found to increase with increasing wavelength of the LO-like phonon for a given barrier width.
DA - 2002/4/15/
PY - 2002/4/15/
DO - 10.1103/physrevb.65.153315
VL - 65
IS - 15
SP -
J2 - Phys. Rev. B
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0163-1829 1095-3795
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.65.153315
DB - Crossref
ER -