TY - JOUR TI - Responding to the Indeterminacy of Doctoral Research in Design AU - Davis, Meredith AU - Feast, Luke AU - Forlizzi, Jodi AU - Friedman, Ken AU - Ilhan, Ali AU - Ju, Wendy AU - Kortuem, Gerd AU - Reimer, Maria Hellstrom AU - Teixeira, Carlos T2 - SHE JI-THE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ECONOMICS AND INNOVATION AB - The Future of Design Education working group on doctoral education included doctoral supervisors from nine programs around the world and addressed the indeterminacy of standards for the PhD in Design. Internationally, “contributions to knowledge” under the PhD degree title range from evidence-based investigations documented in a dissertation to personal reflections on making artifacts. In some programs, quantitative and qualitative research methods are taught; in others, there is no instruction in methods. The working group suggested that reflection on one’s own creative production is the role of the professional master’s degree and recommended standards for two doctoral programs—the PhD and the Doctor of Design (DDes). The group defined the PhD as addressing unresolved problems with the goal of generalizable knowledge or theory for the field. It described the DDes as a professional practice degree in which research is done in a practice setting to frame a specific opportunity space, guide in-process design decisions, or evaluate outcomes. DDes findings do not claim generalizability and result in “cases.” The working group discussed methods, sampling, standards of evidence and claims, ethics, research writing, and program management. DA - 2023/// PY - 2023/// DO - 10.1016/j.sheji.2023.05.005 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 283-307 SN - 2405-8718 KW - PhD in Design KW - Doctor of Design KW - Design research KW - Doctoral education KW - Practice-based research KW - Design knowledge KW - PhD in Design KW - Doctor of Design KW - Design research KW - PhD in Design KW - Doctoral education KW - Doctor of Design KW - Practice-based research KW - Design research KW - Design knowledge KW - Doctoral education KW - Practice-based research KW - Design knowledge ER - TY - JOUR TI - Collaborative Writing in the Intelligence Community: Investigation of Analytic Collaborative Reporting Processes and Writing Strategies AU - Liu, Hongyang AU - Kim, Byungsoo AU - Joines, Sharon T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF E-COLLABORATION AB - With new and evolving technology and ever-increasing remote collaboration, intelligence reporting processes are at a crossroads. Key questions about how best to collaboratively produce reports to get the right information to the right decision-makers in the right context are more important than ever. This research project has attempted to address one part of the puzzle: How can reports be produced collaboratively? In this article, throughout two studies, the researchers documented the processes of report generation and consumption as well as assessed three collaborative writing strategies to gain valuable research data and to aid analysts with collaborative reporting, improve collaboration, and advance reporting methodology within the Intelligence Community. DA - 2023/// PY - 2023/// DO - 10.4018/IJeC.324110 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - SN - 1548-3681 UR - https://doi.org/10.4018/IJeC.324110 KW - Collaborative Reporting KW - Collaborative Writing KW - Intelligence Reporting KW - Report Consumption KW - Report Generation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rethinking Design Education AU - Davis, Meredith AU - Dubberly, Hugh T2 - SHE JI-THE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ECONOMICS AND INNOVATION AB - This opening article for the special issue on the Future of Design Education traces paradigmatic shifts in design, from the twentieth-century mass production of artifacts to the twenty-first-century stewardship of evolving product-service ecologies. These shifts argue for a systems approach appropriate to the complex problems brought on by the industrial and information revolutions. Setting the stage for the following topical articles, the authors describe connections among human activities and technologies that are life-centered in their long-term impact on and by humankind. These changes are not simply in the things designers make but in the “why” of design practice under a paradigm that no longer focuses on the production of tangible goods. The article also addresses corresponding shifts in where designers now take action (for example, influencing organizational purpose, governance, infrastructure, and strategy, not just consumer-facing messages, objects, and spaces) and the lengthening of time horizons for evaluating design effects in natural, social, and technical systems. Ten principles for today’s designers offer guideposts for practice and inform a critique of the industrial-era traditions still present in much of contemporary design education. DA - 2023/// PY - 2023/// DO - 10.1016/j.sheji.2023.04.003 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 97-116 SN - 2405-8718 KW - Design paradigm KW - Information revolution KW - Systems KW - Design principles KW - 21st-century design education ER - TY - JOUR TI - Credentialling: Educational Pathways in Design AU - Davis, Meredith AU - De Bari, Julia AU - Maschi, Simona T2 - SHE JI-THE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ECONOMICS AND INNOVATION AB - The Future of Design Education described forces influencing degree study in higher education as a credential for design practice. Student debt and the challenges of increasingly diverse learners are two factors that determine college degree attainment. Paired with increasing consumerist interests by students, institutions, and governments for job preparedness and gainful employment, a college degree is viewed by many as a credential. By contrast, alternative credential programs offer design study that is shorter, more flexible, less expensive, and fit-to-purpose rather than one-size-fits-all. As credentials, they vary in standards for competency validation and how employers perceive them. Statistics show that most alternative credential students already hold a degree and are employed, suggesting that reskilling and upskilling are among the primary motivations for enrollment. At the same time, national and state governments show interest in micro-credentialling as the number of non-traditional learners grows and the nature of work changes rapidly. The article argues that although both types of credentialling respond to similar economic and social conditions, they have unique roles as educational pathways to work in design. DA - 2023/// PY - 2023/// DO - 10.1016/j.sheji.2023.03.001 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 117-134 SN - 2405-8718 KW - Higher education KW - Design degrees KW - Alternative credential programs KW - Micro-credentials KW - Design boot camps ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying the Sorptive Behavior of Traditional Horticultural Substrate Components Based on Initial Hydraulic Conditioning AU - Bartley III, Paul C. AU - Yap, Ted C. AU - Jackson, Brian E. AU - Fonteno, William C. AU - Boyette, Michael D. AU - Chaves-Cordoba, Bernardo T2 - HORTSCIENCE AB - The ability of a substrate component (organic or inorganic) to capture and retain water (hydration and wettability) is important to investigate and promote water-use–efficient practices. Many factors may play a role in the wettability of the material, including the processing of the material and its initial handling. The goal of this experiment was to determine the effect of moisture content (MC) on the sorptive behavior of substrates after an initial and secondary hydration cycle. Coir, peat, and aged pine bark were evaluated at a 33%, 50%, and 66% MC by weight. At all moisture levels, coir and bark were minimally affected by MC or the initial hydration cycle. Peat was the most vulnerable to changes in sorptive behavior as a result of wetting and drying cycles. After a wetting and drying cycle, the maximum volumetric water content of peat from surface irrigation was reduced 21.5% (volumetrically), more than three times any other treatment. The hydration efficiency of peat was improved when blended with as little as 15% coir. These experiments provide evidence that MC and initial handling of the substrate can lead to differences in initial water use efficiency. DA - 2023/1// PY - 2023/1// DO - 10.21273/HORTSCI16698-22 VL - 58 IS - 1 SP - 79-83 SN - 2327-9834 KW - coconut coir KW - hydrophobicity KW - irrigation KW - moisture content KW - peat moss KW - pine bark KW - water holding capacity KW - wettability ER - TY - CONF TI - Refining a Panel of Experts Validation Methodology for Instrument Development AU - Harper-Gampp, T. AU - Delgado, C. AU - Peterson, M. AU - Chen, K.B. T2 - American Education Research Association C2 - 2023/// C3 - American Education Research Association DA - 2023/// PY - 2023/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Designing and Developing an Instrument to Assess Scale Cognition AU - Harper-Gampp, T. AU - Delgado, C. AU - Peterson, M. AU - Chen, K.B. T2 - National Association for Research in Science Teaching C2 - 2023/// C3 - National Association for Research in Science Teaching DA - 2023/// PY - 2023/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Shrink or grow the kids? Scale cognition in an immersive virtual environment for K-12 summer camp AU - Wu, Linfeng AU - Chen, Karen B. AU - Sekelsky, Brian AU - Peterson, Matthew AU - Harper-Gampp, Tyler AU - Delgado, Cesar T2 - 2023 IEEE CONFERENCE ON VIRTUAL REALITY AND 3D USER INTERFACES ABSTRACTS AND WORKSHOPS, VRW AB - Virtual reality (VR) has been widely used for education and affords embodied learning experiences. Here we describe: Scale Worlds (SW), an immersive virtual environment to allow users to shrink or grow by powers of ten (10 X ) and experience entities from molecular to astronomical levels; and students' impressions and outcomes from experiencing SW in a CAVE (Figure 1) during experiential summer outreach sessions. Data collected from post-visit surveys of 69 students, and field observations, revealed that VR technologies: enabled interactive learning experiences; encouraged active engagement and discussions among participating students; enhanced the understanding of size and scale; and increased interest in STEM careers. DA - 2023/// PY - 2023/// DO - 10.1109/VRW58643.2023.00203 SP - 721-722 KW - virtual reality KW - scale cognition KW - education application ER - TY - JOUR TI - Particle size distribution of growing media constituents using dynamic image analysis: Parametrization and comparison to sieving AU - Durand, Stan AU - Jackson, Brian E. AU - Fonteno, William C. AU - Michel, Jean-Charles T2 - SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL AB - Abstract Growing media constituents have heterogeneous particle size and shape, and their physical properties are partly related to them. Particle size distribution is usually analyzed through sieving process, segregating the particles by their width. However, sieving techniques are best describing more granular shapes and are not as reliable for materials exhibiting large varieties of shapes, like growing media constituents. A dynamic image analysis has been conducted for a multidimensional characterization of particle size distribution of several growing media constituents (white and black peats, pine bark, coir, wood fiber, and perlite), from particles that were segregated and dispersed in water. Diameters describing individual particle width and length were analyzed, then compared to particle size distribution obtained by dry and wet sieving methods. This work suggests the relevance of two parameters, Feret MAX and Chord MIN diameters for assessing particle length and width, respectively. They largely varied among the growing media constituents, confirming their non‐spherical (i.e., elongated) shapes, demonstrating the advantages of using dynamic image analysis tools over traditional sieving methods. Furthermore, large differences in particle size distribution were also observed between dynamic image analysis and sieving procedures, with a finer distribution for dynamic image analysis. The discrepancies observed between methodologies were discussed (particle segregation, distribution weighing, etc.), while describing in details methodological limitations of dynamic image analysis. DA - 2023/4/27/ PY - 2023/4/27/ DO - 10.1002/saj2.20518 SP - SN - 1435-0661 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Human-centered design in the context of social determinants of health in maternity care: methods for meaningful stakeholder engagement AU - Umstead, Kelly A. AU - Gill, Carolina AU - Pearsall, Marina S. AU - Stuebe, Alison M. AU - Tully, Kristin P. T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE STUDIES ON HEALTH AND WELL-BEING AB - Purpose The screening process for social determinants of health (SDoH) includes questions regarding life circumstances and barriers to accessing health care. For patients, these questions may be intrusive, biased, and potentially risky. This article describes human-centered design methods to engage birthing parents and health care team members around SDoH screening and referral in maternity care.Methods Three phases of qualitative research with birthing parents, health care teams, and hospital administrators were conducted in the United States. Shadowing, interviews, focus groups, and participatory workshops addressed the explicit and tacit concerns of the stakeholders regarding SDoH during maternity care.Results Birthing parents wanted to be informed of the purpose of the clinic collecting SDoH information and how this information is used. Health care teams want to feel they are providing reliable and quality resources to their patients. They would like greater transparency that administrators are acting on SDoH data and the information is reaching people that can assist patients.Conclusion As clinics implement patient-centered strategies for addressing SDoH in maternity care, it is important to include patients’ perspectives. This human-centered design approach advances understanding of knowledge and emotional needs around SDoH and offers insights to meaningful engagement around sensitive health data. DA - 2023/12/31/ PY - 2023/12/31/ DO - 10.1080/17482631.2023.2205282 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - SN - 1748-2631 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2023.2205282 KW - Human-centered design in healthcare KW - social determinants of health KW - participatory workshops KW - maternity KW - perinatal KW - equity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantitative Description and Classification of Growing Media Particle Morphology through Dynamic Image Analysis AU - Durand, Stan AU - Jackson, Brian E. AU - Fonteno, William C. AU - Michel, Jean-Charles T2 - AGRICULTURE-BASEL AB - The physical properties of growing media are dependent on the morphological characteristics of the particles composing them. Thus, their characteristics can be more precisely altered for specific purposes by a better morphological design of materials to optimize the use of raw materials and increase water efficiency. There are many references on the relationship between basic particle size and physical properties, but the arrangement of the particles and the resulting physical properties are also affected by the shape of the particles. Growing media have seldom been characterized by shape criteria and, therefore, their influence remains unknown. A dynamic image analyzer, the QicPic device, was used to assess particle shape and size for a wide diversity of growing media constituents. As well as FeretMAX and ChordMIN diameters describing individual particle length and width, respectively, individual particle shape was analyzed in terms of several descriptors (aspect ratio, circularity, roundness, and convexity). A classification was established to discern different particle shapes and all materials were described accordingly. Correlations between particle morphology descriptors were reported, showing that the greater the particle length, the smaller the width/length ratio, circularity, roundness, and convexity. Circularity, roundness, particle length, and its associated relative span were identified as the most relevant parameters describing materials’ morphology. This work shows a large diversity in particle morphology of growing media constituents, which were categorized into four classes of materials. Three classes were mainly described according to their particle shapes, with a decreasing elongation and an increasing circularity, roundness, and convexity: (1) fine and coarse wood and coir fibers; (2) all Sphagnum white peats, milled or sod; and (3) black peats, sedge peat, coir pith, fresh and composted pine bark, green waste compost, and perlite. A fourth class was represented by coir medium (mixing pith and fibers) and was above all characterized by high diversity in particle length. These findings extend the characterization of the materials for a more thorough evaluation of the links between particle morphology and physical properties. DA - 2023/2// PY - 2023/2// DO - 10.3390/agriculture13020396 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - SN - 2077-0472 KW - particle shape KW - horticultural substrates KW - QicPic ER -