TY - RPRT TI - Preschool Outdoor Play and Learning Environments: Best Practice Toolkit. AU - Moore, R. AU - Cosco, N. A3 - Natural Learning Initiative, NC State University DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// ET - 2nd PB - Natural Learning Initiative, NC State University UR - https://naturalearning.org/preschool-outdoor-toolkit ER - TY - SOUND TI - Play and Move Everywhere: Creating Equitable Opportunities for Physical Activity AU - Adlakha, D. DA - 2021/12/2/ PY - 2021/12/2/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Equitable Opportunities for Supporting Young Children’s Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Outdoors AU - Moore, R. AU - Adlakha, D. AU - Cosco, N. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Building active and healthy communities in Bogotá AU - Adlakha, D. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// M3 - Keynote ER - TY - SOUND TI - The importance of walkable, activityfriendly neighborhoods in the pandemic era AU - Sallis, J.F. AU - Adlakha, D. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// M3 - Keynote ER - TY - SOUND TI - Good practices for promoting physical activity through city/rural planning AU - Adlakha, D. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Pedestrians, Air pollution and health AU - Adlakha, D. T2 - National Pedestrian Conference on Right to Walk C2 - 2021/// CY - Parisar, Pune, India DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/2/28/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Calculation of policy-relevant spatial indicators of urban liveability: Experiences of scaling a research programme from local to global AU - Higgs, C. AU - Alderton, A. AU - Rozek, J. AU - Adlakha, D. AU - Badland, H. AU - Boeing, G. AU - Both, A. AU - Cerin, E. AU - Chandrabose, M. AU - De Gruyter, C. AU - De Livera, A. AU - Gunn, L. AU - Hinckson, E. AU - Liu, S. AU - Mavoa, S. AU - Sallis, J.F. AU - Simons, K. AU - Giles-Corti, B> T2 - State of Australasian Cities Conference C2 - 2021/12// CY - Melbourne, Australia DA - 2021/12// PY - 2021/12// ER - TY - CONF TI - An open-source framework to measure pedestrian accessibility for cities worldwide AU - Liu, S. AU - Higgs, C. AU - Arundel, J. AU - Boeing, G. AU - Cerdera, N. AU - Moctezuma, D. AU - Cerin, E. AU - Adlakha, D. AU - Lowe, M. AU - Giles-Corti, B. T2 - North American Meetings of the Regional Science Council International C2 - 2021/// CY - Denver, Colorado, USA DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - Activity-friendly Neighbourhoods Can Benefit Noncommunicable and Infectious Diseases AU - Adlakha, D. AU - Sallis, J.F. T2 - 5th Healthy City Design 2021 International Congress C2 - 2021/10// CY - London, UK DA - 2021/10// PY - 2021/10// ER - TY - CHAP TI - Push for pedal power: The case for urban cycling in India AU - Adlakha, D. AU - Felix, J. T2 - Physical activity in low- and middle-income countries A2 - Siefken, K. A2 - Varela, A.R. A2 - Schulenkorf, N. A2 - Waqanivalu, T. PY - 2021/// PB - Routledge ER - TY - SOUND TI - COVID-19 and Neighborhood Design: Opportunities to Implement Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Strategies AU - Adlakha, D. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Designing intergenerational communities: Next steps for age-friendly cities in the Global South AU - Adlakha, D. AU - Sarmiento, O.L. AU - Franco, S.S. T2 - Planning Theory and Practice DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// VL - 22 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Defining pathways to healthy sustainable urban development AU - Tonne, C. AU - Adair, L. AU - Adlakha, D. AU - Anguelovski, I. AU - Belesova, K. AU - Berger, M. AU - Brelsford, C. AU - Dadvand, P. AU - Dimitrova, A. AU - Giles-Corti, B. AU - Heinz, A. AU - Mehran, N. AU - Nieuwenhuijsen, M. AU - Pelletier, F. AU - Ranzani, O. AU - Rodenstein, M. AU - Rybski, D. AU - Samavati, S. AU - Satterthwaite, D. AU - Schöndorf, J. AU - Schreckenberg, D. AU - Stollmann, J. AU - Taubenböck, H. AU - Tiwari, G. AU - van Wee, B. AU - Adli, M. T2 - Environment International AB - Goals and pathways to achieve sustainable urban development have multiple interlinkages with human health and wellbeing. However, these interlinkages have not been examined in depth in recent discussions on urban sustainability and global urban science. This paper fills that gap by elaborating in detail the multiple links between urban sustainability and human health and by mapping research gaps at the interface of health and urban sustainability sciences. As researchers from a broad range of disciplines, we aimed to: 1) define the process of urbanization, highlighting distinctions from related concepts to support improved conceptual rigour in health research; 2) review the evidence linking health with urbanization, urbanicity, and cities and identify cross-cutting issues; and 3) highlight new research approaches needed to study complex urban systems and their links with health. This novel, comprehensive knowledge synthesis addresses issue of interest across multiple disciplines. Our review of concepts of urban development should be of particular value to researchers and practitioners in the health sciences, while our review of the links between urban environments and health should be of particular interest to those outside of public health. We identify specific actions to promote health through sustainable urban development that leaves no one behind, including: integrated planning; evidence-informed policy-making; and monitoring the implementation of policies. We also highlight the critical role of effective governance and equity-driven planning in progress towards sustainable, healthy, and just urban development. DA - 2021/1// PY - 2021/1// DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106236 VL - 146 SP - 106236 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106236 KW - Urbanization KW - Urban extent KW - Urbanicity KW - Cities KW - Health KW - Mental health ER - TY - JOUR TI - Built environment correlates of overweight and obesity among adults in Chennai, India AU - Adlakha, D. AU - Brownson, R.C. AU - Hipp, J.A. T2 - Cities & Health AB - Overweight and obesity are steadily rising in South Asia, the world’s most populous region. India, a low- and middle-income country in South Asia is experiencing an obesity epidemic. Built environment features may profoundly influence physical activity and counter the risk from overweight and obesity. This cross-sectional study investigated built environment correlates of overweight and obesity among adults (N = 370, 47.2% female, mean age = 37.9 years) in Chennai, India. Participants from low-socioeconomic status households were more likely to be overweight/obese (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–2.9) than participants from high-socioeconomic status households. Driving to work predicted a three-fold increase in overweight or obesity compared to active commuting (OR = 2.9, 95%CI = 1.3–6.4). Household car ownership was linked with an increased likelihood of overweight or obesity (OR = 1.5, 95%CI = 0.7–3.2). Low walkability neighbourhoods significantly predicted an increase in odds of overweight or obesity (OR = 1.8, 95%CI = 1.1–2.8). By 2030, Indian cities are projected to add 250 million people accompanied by a 9.9% annual motor vehicle growth rate. As car ownership increases across Southern Asia, there is an urgent need to develop interventions to promote physical activity. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// DO - 10.1080/23748834.2020.1791397 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 289–291 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2020.1791397 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Geographic distribution of the Ciclovia and Recreovia Programs by neighborhood SES in Bogotá: How unequal is the geographic access assessed via distance-based measures? AU - Parra, D.C. AU - Adlakha, D. AU - Pinzon, J.D. AU - Van Zandt, A. AU - Brownson, R.C. AU - Gomez, L.F. T2 - Journal of Urban Health AB - Ciclovia, also known as Open Streets initiatives in other countries, are city streets that are closed to motorized traffic and opened during certain times to residents for engaging in physical activity (PA). These initiatives are viewed by policy makers and health and community advocates as being beneficial to social, environmental, and community health. This study explores the geographic distribution of Ciclovia and Recreovia and the differences in geographic access assessed via distance-based measures, based on the socioeconomic status (SES) of the area. Results from this study show that the median distance to the Ciclovia according to SES ranges from 2930 m for SES 1 (most disadvantaged) to 482 m for SES 6 (wealthiest). The median distance to the Recreovia sites ranges from 5173 m for SES 1 to 3869 m for SES 6. This study found revealing urban inequities in the distribution of Ciclovia, whereas there was less inequalities within the Recreovia sites. This study shows that urban interventions are needed to promote recreational activity and reduce health disparities in under resourced, low SES areas. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// DO - 10.1007/s11524-020-00496-w VL - 98 SP - 101-110 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-020-00496-w KW - recreational inequalities KW - Ciclovia KW - Recreovia KW - Bogota ER - TY - JOUR TI - Asian city prospects for planning and urban health AU - Liu, J. AU - Adlakha, D. AU - Grant, M. AU - Thomas, Y. AU - Banerjee, S. AU - Yongsi, B.N. AU - Jayasinghe, S. AU - Dora, C. T2 - Cities & Health AB - The current rapid, often unplanned urbanisation across Asia has wide-ranging economic, environmental, health, and social impacts. In an attempt to document the implications of this demographic transition, the Journal of Cities & Health in collaboration with the International Society for Urban Health (ISUH) launched a special issue. This special issue is composed of seven original research papers and one commentary that present a fair geographical coverage of urban Asia. This scholarship aims to: 1) enhance the state-of-the-art understanding of health risks, social vulnerability and adaptation policies in cities across Asia; 2) present case studies where local contexts were taken into consideration to respond to local health needs and cultural preferences; 3) highlight new evidence of health risks and the impact of the built environment; and 4) examine the use of emerging digital technologies and big data across diverse sectors for a more sustainable urban living environment. In the current context of COVID-19, new challenges, insights, and opportunities for change have arisen. Specifically, some crowded Asian cities offer successful approaches in battling early outbreaks of COVID-19 and provide a model for keeping the pandemic at bay, even if they can’t completely eliminate infections. Asian cities can make changes to design spatially distanced transport and recreation opportunities and the long-term implications for both infectious and chronic diseases. This editorial challenges urban policymakers to better align city planning processes with societal goals and public values, for sustainability, health and health equity, and to hold the people of the city as the central plank in all planning processes. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// DO - 10.1080/23748834.2021.1945365 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 211-214 UR - https://doi:10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A generalized framework for measuring pedestrian accessibility around the world using open data AU - Liu, S. AU - Higgs, C. AU - Arundel, J. AU - Boeing, G. AU - Cerdera, N. AU - Moctezuma, D. AU - Cerin, E. AU - Adlakha, D. AU - Lowe, M. AU - Giles-Corti, G.C. T2 - Geographical Analysis AB - Pedestrian accessibility is an important factor in urban transport and land use policy and critical for creating healthy, sustainable cities. Developing and evaluating indicators measuring inequalities in pedestrian accessibility can help planners and policymakers benchmark and monitor the progress of city planning interventions. However, measuring and assessing indicators of urban design and transport features at high resolution worldwide to enable city comparisons is challenging due to limited availability of official, high quality, and comparable spatial data, as well as spatial analysis tools offering customizable frameworks for indicator construction and analysis. To address these challenges, this study develops an open source software framework to construct pedestrian accessibility indicators for cities using open and consistent data. It presents a generalized method to consistently measure pedestrian accessibility at high resolution and spatially aggregated scale, to allow for both within- and between-city analyses. The open source and open data methods developed in this study can be extended to other cities worldwide to support local planning and policymaking. The software is made publicly available for reuse in an open repository. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// DO - 10.1111/gean.12290 UR - https://10.1111/gean.12290 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Designing age-friendly communities: Exploring qualitative perspectives on urban green spaces and ageing in two Indian megacities AU - Adlakha, D. AU - Chandra, M. AU - Krishna, M. AU - Smith, L. AU - Tully, M.A. T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health AB - The World Health Organization and the United Nations have increasingly acknowledged the importance of urban green space (UGS) for healthy ageing. However, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like India with exponential ageing populations have inadequate UGS. This qualitative study examined the relationships between UGS and healthy ageing in two megacities in India. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling in New Delhi and Chennai and semi-structured interviews were conducted with consenting participants (N = 60, female = 51%; age > 60 years; fluent in English, Hindi, or Tamil). Interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated, and analysed using inductive and thematic analysis. Benefits of UGS included community building and social capital, improved health and social resilience, physical activity promotion, reduced exposure to noise, air pollution, and heat. Poorly maintained UGS and lack of safe, age-friendly pedestrian infrastructure were identified as barriers to health promotion in later life. Neighbourhood disorder and crime constrained older adults’ use of UGS in low-income neighbourhoods. This study underscores the role of UGS in the design of age-friendly communities in India. The findings highlight the benefits of UGS for older adults, particularly those living in socially disadvantaged or underserved communities, which often have least access to high-quality parks and green areas. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021/// DO - 10.3390/ijerph18041491 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 1491 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041491 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of different COVID-19 public health restrictions on mobility: A systematic review AU - Tully, Mark A. AU - McMaw, Laura AU - Adlakha, Deepti AU - Blair, Neale AU - McAneney, Jonny AU - McAneney, Helen AU - Carmichael, Christina AU - Cunningham, Conor AU - Armstrong, Nicola C. AU - Smith, Lee T2 - PLOS ONE AB - In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have introduced non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as stay-at-home orders, to reduce person-to-person contact and break trains of transmission. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of different public health restrictions on mobility across different countries and cultures. The University of Bern COVID-19 Living Evidence database of COVID-19 and SARS-COV-2 publications was searched for retrospective or prospective studies evaluating the impact of COVID-19 public health restrictions on Google Mobility. Titles and abstracts were independently screened by two authors. Information from included studies was extracted by one researcher and double checked by another. Risk of bias of included articles was assessed using the Newcastle Ottowa Scale. Given the heterogeneous nature of the designs used, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. From the search, 1672 references were identified, of which 14 were included in the narrative synthesis. All studies reported data from the first wave of the pandemic, with Google Mobility Scores included from January to August 2020, with most studies analysing data during the first two months of the pandemic. Seven studies were assessed as having a moderate risk of bias and seven as a low risk of bias. Countries that introduced more stringent public health restrictions experienced greater reductions in mobility, through increased time at home and reductions in visits to shops, workplaces and use of public transport. Stay-at-home orders were the most effective of the individual strategies, whereas mask mandates had little effect of mobility.Public health restrictions, particularly stay-at-home orders have significantly impacted on transmission prevention behaviours. Further research is required to understand how to effectively address pandemic fatigue and to support the safe return back to normal day-to-day behaviours. DA - 2021/12/8/ PY - 2021/12/8/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0260919 VL - 16 IS - 12 SP - e0260919 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Research Design, Protocol, and Participant Characteristics of COLEAFS: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of a Childcare Garden Intervention AU - Cosco, Nilda Graciela AU - Wells, Nancy M. AU - Monsur, Muntazar AU - Goodell, Lora Suzanne AU - Zhang, Daowen AU - Xu, Tong AU - Hales, Derek AU - Moore, Robin Clive T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH AB - Childcare garden interventions may be an effective strategy to increase fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and physical activity among young children. The objective of this paper is to describe the research design, protocol, outcome measures, and baseline characteristics of participants in the Childcare Outdoor Learning Environments as Active Food Systems ("COLEAFS") study, a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining the effect of a garden intervention on outcomes related to diet and physical activity. Fifteen childcare centers in low-income areas were randomly assigned to intervention (to receive garden intervention in Year 1), waitlist control (to receive garden intervention in Year 2), and control group (no intervention). The garden intervention comprised six raised beds planted with warm-season vegetables and fruits, and a garden activity booklet presenting 12 gardening activities. FV knowledge and FV liking were measured using a tablet-enabled protocol. FV consumption was measured by weighing FV before and after a snack session. Physical activity was measured using Actigraph GT3x+ worn by children for three consecutive days while at the childcare center. Of the 543 eligible children from the 15 childcare centers, 250 children aged 3-5 years received parental consent, assented, and participated in baseline data collection. By employing an RCT to examine the effect of a garden intervention on diet and physical activity among young children attending childcare centers within low-income communities, this study offers compelling research design and methods, addresses a critical gap in the empirical literature, and is a step toward evidence-based regulations to promote early childhood healthy habits. DA - 2021/12// PY - 2021/12// DO - 10.3390/ijerph182413066 VL - 18 IS - 24 SP - SN - 1660-4601 KW - children KW - childcare KW - gardening KW - randomized controlled trial KW - healthy eating KW - physical activity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular Gas within the Milky Way's Nuclear Wind AU - Cashman, Frances H. AU - Fox, Andrew J. AU - Savage, Blair D. AU - Wakker, Bart P. AU - Krishnarao, Dhanesh AU - Benjamin, Robert A. AU - Richter, Philipp AU - Ashley, Trisha AU - Jenkins, Edward B. AU - Lockman, Felix J. AU - Bordoloi, Rongmon AU - Kim, Tae-Sun T2 - ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS AB - Abstract We report the first direct detection of molecular hydrogen associated with the Galactic nuclear wind. The Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer spectrum of LS 4825, a B1 Ib–II star at l , b = 1.67°,−6.63° lying d = 9.9 0.8 + 1.4 kpc from the Sun, ∼1 kpc below the Galactic plane near the Galactic center, shows two high-velocity H 2 components at v LSR = −79 and −108 km s −1 . In contrast, the FUSE spectrum of the nearby (∼0.6° away) foreground star HD 167402 at d = 4.9 0.7 + 0.8 kpc reveals no H 2 absorption at these velocities. Over 60 lines of H 2 from rotational levels J = 0 to 5 are identified in the high-velocity clouds. For the v LSR = −79 km s −1 cloud we measure total log N (H 2 ) ≥ 16.75 cm −2 , molecular fraction f H 2 ≥ 0.8%, and T 01 ≥ 97 and T 25 ≤ 439 K for the ground- and excited-state rotational excitation temperatures. At v LSR = −108 km s −1 , we measure log N (H 2 ) = 16.13 ± 0.10 cm −2 , f H 2 ≥ 0.5%, and T 01 = 77 18 + 34 and T 25 = 1092 117 + 149 K, for which the excited-state ortho- to para-H 2 is 1.0 0.1 + 0.3 , much less than the equilibrium value of 3 expected for gas at this temperature. This nonequilibrium ratio suggests that the −108 km s −1 cloud has been recently excited and has not yet had time to equilibrate. As the LS 4825 sight line passes close by a tilted section of the Galactic disk, we propose that we are probing a boundary region where the nuclear wind is removing gas from the disk. DA - 2021/12// PY - 2021/12// DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ac3cbc VL - 923 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2041-8213 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Considering Autonomous Exploration in Healthy Environments: Reflections from an Urban Wildscape AU - Little, Sarah AU - Rice, Art T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH AB - Autonomous exploration should be considered in the creation of healthy environments since autonomy is an important developmental experience for children. For a group of boys in Raleigh, N.C., U.S. during the period 2002-2006, autonomous exploration was a meaningful experience. Results of a qualitative research project (n = 5) which highlight the importance of autonomous exploration are organized within a proposed framework for thick description. The framework creates verisimilitude by reporting on the context, social action and cultural context, and behavior and intentionality. The context of Raleigh and urban wildscapes furnished areas ripe for exploration. The social action and cultural context of attachment supported the autonomous exploration through scaffolded experiences of autonomy. The intentionality of the behavior was a desire to distinct themselves through a focus on individual development and the pursuit of extraordinary experiences. The ultimate outcomes of autonomous exploration for the boys were the development of long-term, intimate friendships and confidence in their decision-making ability. As cities become more health-focused, attention should be paid to preserve the rough edges of a city for children to explore. DA - 2021/11// PY - 2021/11// DO - 10.3390/ijerph182211867 VL - 18 IS - 22 SP - SN - 1660-4601 KW - free-range parenting KW - autonomy KW - attachment KW - thick description KW - children and nature ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigating the physical activity, health, wellbeing, social and environmental effects of a new urban greenway: a natural experiment (the PARC study) AU - Hunter, Ruth F. AU - Adlakha, Deepti AU - Cardwell, Christopher AU - Cupples, Margaret E. AU - Donnelly, Michael AU - Ellis, Geraint AU - Gough, Aisling AU - Hutchinson, George AU - Kearney, Therese AU - Longo, Alberto AU - Prior, Lindsay AU - McAneney, Helen AU - Ferguson, Sara AU - Johnston, Brian AU - Stevenson, Michael AU - Kee, Frank AU - Tully, Mark A. T2 - International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity AB - Evidence for the health benefits of urban green space tends to stem from small, short-term quasi-experimental or cross-sectional observational research, whilst evidence from intervention studies is sparse. The development of an urban greenway (9 km running along 3 rivers) in Northern Ireland provided the opportunity to conduct a natural experiment. This study investigated the public health impact of the urban greenway on a range of physical activity, health, wellbeing, social, and perceptions of the environment outcomes.A repeated cross-sectional household survey of adult residents (aged ≥16 years) who lived ≤1-mile radius of the greenway (intervention sample) and > 1-mile radius of the greenway (control sample) was conducted pre (2010/2011) and 6-months post implementation (2016/2017). We assessed changes in outcomes pre- and post-intervention follow-up including physical activity behaviour (primary outcome measure: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire), quality of life, mental wellbeing, social capital and perceptions of the built environment. Linear regression was used to calculate the mean difference between post-intervention and baseline measures adjusting for age, season, education, car ownership and deprivation. Multi-level models were fitted using a random intercept at the super output area (smallest geographical unit) to account for clustering within areas. The analyses were stratified by distance from the greenway and deprivation. We assessed change in the social patterning of outcomes over time using an ordered logit to make model-based outcome predictions across strata.The mean ages of intervention samples were 50.3 (SD 18.9) years at baseline (n = 1037) and 51.7 (SD 19.1) years at follow-up (n = 968). Post-intervention, 65% (adjusted OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.00) of residents who lived closest to the greenway (i.e., ≤400 m) and 60% (adjusted OR, 0.64 95% CI 0.41 to 0.99) who lived furthest from the greenway (i.e.,≥1200 m) met the physical activity guidelines - 68% of the intervention sample met the physical activity guidelines before the intervention. Residents in the most deprived quintiles had a similar reduction in physical activity behaviour as residents in less deprived quintiles. Quality of life at follow-up compared to baseline declined and this decline was significantly less than in the control area (adjusted differences in mean EQ5D: -11.0 (95% CI - 14.5 to - 7.4); - 30.5 (95% CI - 37.9 to - 23.2). Significant change in mental wellbeing was not observed despite improvements in some indicators of social capital. Positive perceptions of the local environment in relation to its attractiveness, traffic and safety increased.Our findings illustrate the major challenge of evaluating complex urban interventions and the difficulty of capturing and measuring the network of potential variables that influence or hinder meaningful outcomes. The results indicate at this stage no intervention effect for improvements in population-level physical activity behaviour or mental wellbeing. However, they show some modest improvements for secondary outcomes including positive perceptions of the environment and social capital constructs. The public health impact of urban greenways may take a longer period of time to be realised and there is a need to improve evaluation methodology that captures the complex systems nature of urban regeneration. DA - 2021/10/30/ PY - 2021/10/30/ DO - 10.1186/s12966-021-01213-9 VL - 18 SP - 142 KW - Urban green space KW - Intervention KW - Natural experiment KW - Physical activity KW - Health KW - Mental wellbeing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Individual Characteristics Associated with Active Travel in Low and High Income Groups in the UK AU - Lawlor, Emma R. AU - Hunter, Ruth F. AU - Adlakha, Deepti AU - Kee, Frank AU - Tully, Mark A. T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health AB - Active travel (AT) has gained increasing attention as a way of addressing low levels of physical activity. However, little is known regarding the relationship between income and AT. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics associated with undertaking AT in an adult population and by low- and high-income groups. Data collected from the Physical Activity and the Rejuvenation of Connswater (PARC) study in 2017 were used. Participants were categorised into socio-economic groups according to their weekly household income, and were categorised as participating in 'no' AT or 'some' AT and 'sufficient' AT. Multivariable logistic regression explored characteristics associated with AT in the full cohort, and the low- and high-income groups separately. Variables associated with AT in the low-income group were body mass index (BMI), physical activity self-efficacy, marital status, long term illness, difficulty walking and housing tenure. For the high-income group, BMI, marital status, housing tenure and education were associated with AT. For both income groups, there were consistent positive associations with the action/maintenance phase of the stage of change model across all AT categories. The findings suggest that population sub-groups may benefit from targeted initiatives to support engagement in AT and prevent further widening of inequalities. DA - 2021/10// PY - 2021/10// DO - 10.3390/ijerph181910360 VL - 18 IS - 19 SP - 10360 KW - active travel KW - income KW - walking KW - cycling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Natural Infrastructure Practices as Potential Flood Storage and Reduction for Farms and Rural Communities in the North Carolina Coastal Plain AU - Hovis, Meredith AU - Hollinger, Joseph Chris AU - Cubbage, Frederick AU - Shear, Theodore AU - Doll, Barbara AU - Kurki-Fox, J. Jack AU - Line, Daniel AU - Fox, Andrew AU - Baldwin, Madalyn AU - Klondike, Travis AU - Lovejoy, Michelle AU - Evans, Bryan AU - West, Jaclyn AU - Potter, Thomas T2 - SUSTAINABILITY AB - Increased global temperatures resulting from anthropogenically induced climate changes have increased the frequency and severity of adverse weather events, including extreme rainfall events, floods, and droughts. In recent years, nature-based solutions (NBS) have been proposed to retain storm runoff temporarily and mitigate flood damages. These practices may help rural farm and forest lands to store runoff and reduce flooding on farms and downstream communities and could be incorporated into a conservation program to provide payments for these efforts, which would supplement traditional farm incomes. Despite their potential, there have been very few methodical assessments and detailed summaries of NBS to date. We identified and summarized potential flood reduction practices for the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. These include agricultural practices of (1) cover cropping/no-till farming; (2) hardpan breakup; (3) pine or (4) hardwood afforestation, and (5) agroforestry; establishing the wetland and stream practices of (6) grass and sedge wetlands and earthen retention structures, (7) forest wetland banks, and (8) stream channel restoration; and establishing new structural solutions of (9) dry dams and berms (water farming) and (10) tile drainage and water retention. These practices offer different water holding and storage capacities and costs. A mixture of practices at the farm and landscape level can be implemented for floodwater retention and attenuation and damage reduction, as well as for providing additional farm and forest ecosystem services. DA - 2021/8// PY - 2021/8// DO - 10.3390/su13169309 VL - 13 IS - 16 SP - SN - 2071-1050 KW - natural infrastructure KW - hazard mitigation KW - flood reduction KW - resilient design KW - nature-based solutions ER - TY - JOUR TI - A comparative analysis of hazard-prone housing acquisition programs in US and New Zealand communities AU - Smith, Gavin AU - Saunders, Wendy AU - Vila, Olivia AU - Gyawali, Samata AU - Bhattarai, Samiksha AU - Lawdley, Eliza T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND SCIENCES AB - This article describes the preliminary results of an international comparative assessment of hazard-prone housing acquisition programs (buyouts) undertaken in six US and New Zealand communities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with government officials and consultants tasked with administering buyout programs following flood, debris flow, and earthquake-based disasters. Key issues analyzed include local capacity, public participation, planning and design, program complexity, funding and financial management, and lesson drawing. The findings are timely given the rise in disaster-related losses, buyouts are increasingly cited as a strategy to reduce natural hazard risk and advance climate change adaptation, and national buyout programs are evolving in both countries to tackle the challenges associated with this complex process. DA - 2021/4/30/ PY - 2021/4/30/ DO - 10.1007/s13412-021-00689-y SP - SN - 2190-6491 KW - Buyouts KW - Hazard mitigation KW - Public policy KW - International lesson drawing ER -