TY - JOUR TI - Introducing CFC Intersections AU - Bouamer, Siham AU - Provencher, Denis M. T2 - CFC Intersections DA - 2022/9// PY - 2022/9// DO - 10.3828/cfci.2022.1 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 1-12 J2 - CFC Intersections LA - fr OP - SN - 2752-552X 2752-5538 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/cfci.2022.1 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Planes, Trains, and Flying Taxis AU - Herkert, Joseph AU - Borenstein, Jason AU - Miller, Keith W. T2 - Test-Driving the Future: Autonomous Vehicles and the Ethics of Technological Change PY - 2022/// PB - Rowman & Littlefield UR - https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786613233/Test-Driving-the-Future-Autonomous-Vehicles-and-the-Ethics-of-Technological-Change ER - TY - CHAP TI - Addressing Intelligent Systems and Ethical Design in the IEEE Code of Ethics AU - Adamson, G. AU - Herkert, J. T2 - International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology AB - This chapter examines the process undertaken by IEEE to modify its Code of Ethics in response to a changing global technology landscape in the early twenty-first century. The changes, which were incorporated into the Code by the unanimous vote of the IEEE Board of Directors (BoD) in November 2017, include modifications to the wording of the “paramountcy clause” as well as inclusion in the Code the concepts of “ethical design,” “sustainable development,” “societal implications of technology,” and “intelligent systems.” The process was led by volunteers (including the authors) and involved an Ad Hoc Committee on Ethics Programs, consideration at two meetings of the BoD, and solicitation of IEEE members for responses to a draft proposal. The chapter attributes these changes to the intersection of three events: growing interest within the broader community around ethics and artificial intelligence; the creation of bodies within the IEEE to consider ethical issues; and a longstanding concern within the IEEE, particularly through the work of the Society on Social Implications of Technology (SSIT), for an effective code to meet the responsibility of technologists. The chapter describes this process and context, with the aim of increasing understanding of the Code revisions on the part of engineering practitioners and researchers as well as scholars of engineering ethics. PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-86201-5_8 VL - 23 SP - 145-159 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85122433777&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Ethics, Autonomous Vehicles, and the Future City AU - Borenstein, J. AU - Bucher, J. AU - Herkert, J. T2 - Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: The Trolley Problem and Beyond AB - Abstract Optimism regarding the use of autonomous vehicles (AVs) continues to grow, particularly as a means for increasing mobility for people who were previously unable to operate a motor vehicle independently. Yet expanding the number of people who can ride in a vehicle on their own may be in tension with the commonly voiced hope that AVs will reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. And this is only one of the key ethical tensions that city planners, policymakers, transportation engineers, vehicle designers, software engineers, and others will need to address. This chapter explores the ethical responsibilities of city planners in relation to developing land use and transportation policy for the adoption of AVs. The chapter concludes with recommendations for incorporating the ethical implications of AVs into land use and transportation policy. PY - 2022/// DO - 10.1093/oso/9780197639191.003.0024 SP - 415-431 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85143455155&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Religious Dimensions of Beethoven's Ode "To Joy" What Happens When Music Rewrites the Text AU - Greene, David B. T2 - RELIGION AND THE ARTS AB - Abstract Hearing a song, listeners can often pick up the syntactical relationships among its words only with great difficulty. The musical flow washes away most of the syntax, and the musical connections from one phrase to the next or one section to the next, sometimes even from one note to the next, are what connect the words to one another and give them meanings very different from their submerged syntactically fixed meanings. This article probes the musical relationships joining the phrases in Beethoven’s Freude theme and attempts to paraphrase “joy” and “brotherhood” as their meanings are qualified by the musically determined relation of each to the other. It pays particular attention to the music that sets texts with a religious dimension, and the way their musical connections change the meaning of joy and brotherhood. DA - 2022/12// PY - 2022/12// DO - 10.1163/15685292-02605004 VL - 26 IS - 5 SP - 635-659 SN - 1568-5292 KW - Beethoven's Ninth Symphony KW - Beethoven's treatment of Schiller's "To Joy" KW - music and words KW - religious dimensions of "joy" and "brotherhood" in Beethoven's Ninth Symphony ER - TY - JOUR TI - “The Love That Muslims Have for Mary” AU - Abillama, Raja T2 - Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East AB - Abstract The end of the Lebanese Civil War (1975–90) brought a renewed insistence on the coexistence of Muslims and Christians. The “formula of Christian-Muslim coexistence” would seem to circumvent any injunction for the separation of religion and the state along “Western European” lines—for example, laïcité as state ideology—and to allow for religion to mark the state in one shape or another, without that entailing the legal grounding of the state in sharia as is prevalent among Arab states. It would seem an appropriate compromise between two different visions of the state, visions that are bound with the different experiences that Christians and Muslims have had of the circumstances and processes in which the modern Lebanese state was formed. “Muslim-Christian coexistence” would make it possible to deal adequately with religious difference and some of its more destructive political consequences. But, is it the case that the principle is as exclusive of the secular as it appears? In this article, the author argues that Christian-Muslim coexistence is a distinctively Lebanese articulation of a secular sensibility, one that privileges certain ways of being Muslim or Christian, ways that would require Christians and Muslims to constitute themselves, or be constituted, as proper legal subjects. DA - 2022/5/1/ PY - 2022/5/1/ DO - 10.1215/1089201x-9698073 VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 51-62 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-9698073 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lessons for a SECURE Future: Evaluating Diversity in Crop Biotechnology Across Regulatory Regimes AU - George, Dalton R. AU - Hornstein, Eli D. AU - Clower, Carrie A. AU - Coomber, Allison L. AU - Dillard, DeShae AU - Mugwanya, Nassib AU - Pezzini, Daniela T. AU - Rozowski, Casey T2 - FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - Regulation of next-generation crops in the United States under the newly implemented "SECURE" rule promises to diversify innovation in agricultural biotechnology. Specifically, SECURE promises to expand the number of products eligible for regulatory exemption, which proponents theorize will increase the variety of traits, genes, organisms, and developers involved in developing crop biotechnology. However, few data-driven studies have looked back at the history of crop biotechnology to understand how specific regulatory pathways have affected diversity in crop biotechnology and how those patterns might change over time. In this article, we draw upon 30 years of regulatory submission data to 1) understand historical diversification trends across the landscape and history of past crop biotechnology regulatory pathways and 2) forecast how the new SECURE regulations might affect future diversification trends. Our goal is to apply an empirical approach to exploring the relationship between regulation and diversity in crop biotechnology and provide a basis for future data-driven analysis of regulatory outcomes. Based on our analysis, we suggest that diversity in crop biotechnology does not follow a single trajectory dictated by the shifts in regulation, and outcomes of SECURE might be more varied and restrictive despite the revamped exemption categories. In addition, the concept of confidential business information and its relationship to past and future biotechnology regulation is reviewed in light of our analysis. DA - 2022/5/2/ PY - 2022/5/2/ DO - 10.3389/fbioe.2022.886765 VL - 10 SP - SN - 2296-4185 KW - crop biotechnology KW - SECURE rule KW - regulation KW - diversity trends KW - innovation KW - United States ER - TY - JOUR TI - A community-integrated geographic information system study of air pollution exposure impacts in Colfax, LA AU - Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer AU - Odera, Matilda AU - Subra, Wilma AU - Vallee, Brenda AU - Tucker, Chloe AU - Oliver, Christopher AU - Wilson, Alyanna AU - Tran, Jessica AU - Kelley, Blair AU - Cramer, Jennifer Abraham AU - Irving, Jennifer AU - Guo, Chuqi AU - Reams, Margaret T2 - LOCAL ENVIRONMENT AB - A community-integrated geographic information systems (CIGIS) study assimilating qualitative and quantitative information about human exposures and health was conducted in Colfax, Louisiana, which hosts a commercial open burn/open detonation thermal treatment (TT) facility that destroys waste from Superfund sites, explosives, military ordnances, and propellants. Fifty-eight percent of residents identified as Black, and median annual income was $16,318, with 90% of the population living below the poverty line. We conducted oral history interviews of twenty-nine residents and mined public records to document the community's experiences. Interviews focused on themes of Colfax's history, changing community fabric, resident health, and air pollution. The oral histories and public comments by community members provided information about lived experiences, including several health conditions, toleration of noise and vibration, property damage, and resulting changes to activity levels. These statements provided insight into the extent of suffering experienced by the local community. We also ran dispersion models for dates in 2020 when the waste stream composition, mass, and burn/smoldering times were provided in the facility's public records. The dispersion models placed the air pollution at the homes of residents during some of the time, and waste stream records from the TT facility agree with community testimony about health effects based on the known health effects of those compounds. CIGIS integration of our community-based qualitative data and maps with quantitative air pollution dispersion model output illustrated alignment between community complaints of impacts to health and property, known toxicological information about waste stream compounds, and dispersion model output. DA - 2022/5/17/ PY - 2022/5/17/ DO - 10.1080/13549839.2022.2075840 SP - SN - 1469-6711 KW - Environmental justice KW - thermal treatment KW - air pollution KW - oral history KW - community-integrated geographic information systems ER -