TY - SOUND TI - Trends and Issues in Extended Enterprise Systems AU - Uzsoy, R. DA - 2000/10// PY - 2000/10// ER - TY - CONF TI - Supply Chain Design for Firms with Product Recovery AU - Eskigun, E. AU - Preckel, P.V. AU - Uzsoy, R. T2 - NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference C2 - 2000/1// C3 - Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference CY - Vancouver, BC, Canada DA - 2000/1// PY - 2000/1// ER - TY - CONF TI - Integrating Machine Learning and Decomposition Heuristics for Complex Factory Scheduling Problems AU - Aytug, H. AU - Kempf, K.G. AU - Uzsoy, R. T2 - NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference C2 - 2000/1// C3 - Proceedings of the NSF Design and Manufacturing Conference CY - Vancouver, BC, Canada DA - 2000/1// PY - 2000/1// ER - TY - CONF TI - A Sequential Solution Methodology for Capacity Allocation and Lot Scheduling Problems at Photolithography AU - Akcali, E. AU - Uzsoy, R. T2 - 26th International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium C2 - 2000/10// C3 - Proceedings of the 26th International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium CY - Santa Clara, CA DA - 2000/10// PY - 2000/10// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation and comparison of production schedules AU - Kempf, Karl AU - Uzsoy, Reha AU - Smith, Stephen AU - Gary, Kevin T2 - Computers in Industry AB - The understanding of what constitutes a “good” production schedule is central to the development and evaluation of automated scheduling systems and their implementation in real-world factories. In this paper, we provide a definition of a schedule and discuss potential uses for a schedule within the organization. We then describe a number of different considerations that must be taken into account when assessing the quality of a schedule, and discuss their implications for the design and implementation of scheduling systems. DA - 2000/6// PY - 2000/6// DO - 10.1016/s0166-3615(99)00071-8 VL - 42 IS - 2-3 SP - 203-220 J2 - Computers in Industry LA - en OP - SN - 0166-3615 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-3615(99)00071-8 DB - Crossref KW - production schedule KW - real-world factories KW - design and implementation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrating Interval Estimates of Global Optima and Local Search Methods for Combinatorial Optimization Problems AU - Ovacik, Irfan M. AU - Rajagopalan, Srikanth AU - Uzsoy, Reha T2 - Journal of Heuristics DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1023/a:1009669326107 VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 481–500 SN - 1381-1231 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1009669326107 KW - programming KW - heuristic KW - analysis of algorithms KW - suboptimal algorithms KW - sequencing KW - deterministic KW - single machine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying the benefits of cycle time reduction in semiconductor wafer fabrication AU - Nemoto, K. AU - Akcali, E. AU - Uzsoy, R.M. T2 - IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing AB - In recent years, semiconductor manufacturing has become increasingly complex due to device size reduction. Hence the manufacturing cycle time, also called turn around time (TAT), which is defined as the time required from wafer input through probing test, becomes longer year by year. This renders the delay between the occurrence of process defects and their detection a significant problem. On the other hand, customer demands for faster delivery are increasing as product life cycles are getting shorter. Hence, TAT reduction is important for semiconductor manufacturers not only to satisfy customer requirements, but also to remain competitive in their market. This paper examines the financial benefits of TAT reduction in ramping up a new process using stochastic simulation. Results indicate that reducing TAT in the ramp-up phase is important, and that even small reductions can have significant effects over the life cycle of a process. DA - 2000/1// PY - 2000/1// DO - 10.1109/6104.827525 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 39-47 J2 - IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manufact. LA - en OP - SN - 1521-334X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6104.827525 DB - Crossref KW - cycle time KW - economics KW - simulation KW - wafer fabrication ER - TY - JOUR TI - Decomposition methods for reentrant flow shops with sequence-dependent setup times AU - Demirkol, Ebru AU - Uzsoy, Reha T2 - Journal of Scheduling DA - 2000/5// PY - 2000/5// DO - 10.1002/(sici)1099-1425(200005/06)3:3<155::aid-jos39>3.0.co;2-e VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 155-177 J2 - J. Sched. LA - en OP - SN - 1094-6136 1099-1425 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1425(200005/06)3:3<155::aid-jos39>3.0.co;2-e DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance of decomposition procedures for job shop scheduling problems with bottleneck machines AU - Uzsoy, Reha AU - Wang, Cheng-Shuo T2 - International Journal of Production Research AB - Decomposition procedures for job shop scheduling problems, such as the shifting bottleneck (SB) procedure, have shown promising results for a variety of shop environments. However, they have primarily been tested using problems where all machines are identical in terms of processing time distribution. Many practical scheduling problems involve bottleneck machines which become the focus of scheduling efforts, as suggested by the theory of constraints. In this paper we examine the performance of several variants of SB, some of which can be interpreted as naive implementations of the TOC approach to scheduling. Our results show that both the solution time and quality of SB methods improve markedly when bottleneck workcentres are present. However, scheduling bottleneck machines optimally and using simple rules at other machines leads to poor performance unless the workload of the bottlenecks significantly exceeds that of the non-bottleneck machines. DA - 2000/4// PY - 2000/4// DO - 10.1080/002075400188843 VL - 38 IS - 6 SP - 1271-1286 J2 - International Journal of Production Research LA - en OP - SN - 0020-7543 1366-588X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002075400188843 DB - Crossref ER - TY - BOOK TI - A review of: “Operations scheduling with applications in manufacturing and services”M. Pinedo and X. Chao McGraw-Hill, New York 1999, 310 pages, ISBN 0-07-289779-1 AU - Uzsoy, Reha AU - Pinedo, M. AU - Chao, X. DA - 2000/8// PY - 2000/8// DO - 10.1080/07408170008967435 VL - 32 PB - Informa UK Limited SE - 768–770 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07408170008967435 ER - TY - BOOK TI - A review of: “Deterministic scheduling theory” R. Gary Parker Chapman and Hall, London 1995, Hardback, 290 pages, ISBN (HB) 0-412-99681-2 AU - Uzsoy, Rcha AU - Parker, R.G. DA - 2000/8// PY - 2000/8// DO - 10.1080/07408170008967434 VL - 32 PB - Informa UK Limited SE - 767–768 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07408170008967434 ER - TY - CONF TI - A New Heuristic for Global Optimization AU - Birbil, S.I. AU - Fang, S. T2 - 8th Bellman Continuum International Workshop A2 - Birbil, I. C2 - 2000/12// C3 - Proceedings of the 8th Bellman Continuum CY - Hsinchu, Taiwan DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// SP - 352–357 ER - TY - CONF TI - Sequencing Parallel Machining Operations by Tabu Search AU - Fang, S. AU - Chiu, N.-C. AU - Lee, Y.-S. T2 - 8th Bellman Continuum International Workshop C2 - 2000/12// C3 - Proceedings of the 8th Bellman Continuum CY - Hsinchu,Taiwan DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// SP - 175–179 ER - TY - CONF TI - A Bi-Objective Fuzzy c-Mean Cluster Analysis Approach to Fuzzy System Identification AU - Fang, S. AU - Nuttle, H.L.W. AU - Hung, T.-W. T2 - 8th Bellman Continuum International Workshop C2 - 2000/12// C3 - Proceedings of the 8th Bellman Continuum CY - Hsinchu, Taiwan DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// SP - 165–169 ER - TY - CONF TI - Solving Variational Inequalities over a Fuzzy Domain AU - Hu, C.–F. AU - Fang, S. T2 - 8th Bellman Continuum International Workshop C2 - 2000/12// C3 - Proceedings of the 8th Bellman Continuum CY - Hsinchu, Taiwan DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// SP - 55–59 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Softcomputing for Industrial Engineering A3 - Fang, S. A3 - Lee, C. –Y. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 17 ER - TY - CONF TI - A Genetic Algorithm to Solve Nonbipartite Matching Problems, with D AU - Fang, S. AU - Wang, D. –W. T2 - 2nd Asia Pacific Conference on Genetic Algorithms and Applications C2 - 2000/5// C3 - Proceedings of the 2nd Asia Pacific Conference on Genetic Algorithms and Applications DA - 2000/5// PY - 2000/5// SP - 194–203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fuzzy rule quantification and its applications in manufacturing systems AU - Wang, Dingwei AU - Fang, Shu-Cherng AU - Nuttle, Henry L.W. T2 - Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers AB - Abstract Drawing on the basic ideas of soft computing, we propose a fuzzy rule quantification method. It describes decision factors by membership functions of corresponding fuzzy sets and decision-making rules by fuzzy logic operations. The rule-based inference engine can be easily embedded into other quantitative computation methods for solving complicated problems. The method has been combined with genetic algorithms for application to two optimization problems in manufacturing systems, resource allocation in the Fuzzy Due-Date Bargainer (FDDB) and partner selection for virtual enterprises. Satisfactory results have been achieved. DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1080/10170669.2000.10432871 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 505–516 SN - 1017-0669 2151-7606 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10170669.2000.10432871 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Vote Early and Often AU - Swann, J. T2 - Research Ethics: Cases and Commentaries DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// M1 - 4 PB - Association for Practical and Professional Ethics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference AU - Joines, JA AU - Barton, RR AU - Kang, K AU - Fishwick, PA AU - Schulze, Thomas DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Methodology for furniture finishing system capacity planning AU - Melton, Ryan Heath DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterizing search spaces for tabu search and including adaptive memory into a genetic algorithm AU - Joines, Jeffrey A. AU - Houck, Christopher R. AU - Kay, Michael G. T2 - Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers AB - Abstract A large number of heuristic search algorithms are available for function optimization. Each of these heuristics, e.g., simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, tabu search, etc., has been shown to be effective at finding good solutions efficiently. However, little work has been directed at determining what are the important problem characteristics for which one algorithm is more efficient than the others. By examining two problems, the location-allocation problem and the quadratic assignment problem, characteristics of successfil tabu search are illustrated. A tabu search for the location-allocation problem is described and implemented. The results of this tabu search are compared against a genetic algorithm. For the quadratic assignment problem, tabu search has been shown more effective than genetic algorithms; however, for the location-allocation problem, the genetic algorithm finds better solutions more efficiently than tabu search. To. investigate what characteristics of the location-allocation problem makes it less amenable to tabu search, a comparison between the location-allocation problem and the quadratic assignment problem is performed. A comparison of the problem characteristics reveals that the location-allocation problem has very large basins of attraction around a few local optima. For tabu search to escape these minima requires a large number of iterations. Finally, a combination of both tabu search and genetic algorithms is presented for the location-allocation problem, where regions around genetically determined sample points are marked as tabu. This combination (i.e., adpative memory) compares favorably to the genetic algorithm in terms of increased computational efficiency. Key Words: Hybrid GAAdaptive Memory GATabu Search DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1080/10170669.2000.10432873 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 527-536 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84869042285&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - A hybrid genetic algorithm for manufacturing cell design AU - Joines, Jeffrey A. AU - Kay, Michael G. AU - King, Russell E. AU - Thomas Culbreth, C. T2 - Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers AB - Abstract Global competition is demanding innovative ways of achieving manufacturing flexibility and reduced costs. One approach is through cellular manufacturing, an implementation of the concepts of group technology. The design of a cellular manufacturing system requires that a part population be at least minimally described by its use of process technology (padmachine incidence matrix) and partitioned into part families and that the associated plant equipment be partitioned into machine cells. At the highest level, the objective is to form a set of completely autonomous units such that inter-cell movement of parts is minimized. This paper presents a stochastic global optimization technique utilizing genetic algorithms (GAS) and local improvement procedures (LIPs) to solve the cell design problem. The combination of LIPs with GAS is shown to improve the performance of the GA in terms of solution quality and computational efficiency. Several different methods of incorporating these procedures into the GA are investigated. The concepts used in these hybrid techniques can easily be extended to other variations of the cell design problem as well as to other LIPs. DA - 2000/9// PY - 2000/9// DO - 10.1080/10170669.2000.10432875 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 549-564 J2 - Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers LA - en OP - SN - 1017-0669 2151-7606 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10170669.2000.10432875 DB - Crossref ER - TY - BOOK TI - 2000 Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings: Orlando, Fl., USA, 10-13 December 2000 AU - Joines, Jeffrey A DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - IEEE ER - TY - BOOK TI - Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings A3 - Joines, J.A. A3 - Barton, R.R. A3 - Kang, K. A3 - Fishwick, P.A DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers SN - 0-7803-6579-8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Moving beyond the parts incidence matrix: Alternative routings and operations for the cell formation problem AU - Joines, J.A. AU - King, R.E. AU - Culbreth, C.T. T2 - Journal of engineering valuation and cost analysis DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 2 IS - Special Issue on Control and Design of Manufacturing Cells SP - 327–348 ER - TY - BOOK TI - 2000 Winter Simulation Conference proceedings: Wyndham Palace Resort & Spa, Orlando, FL, U.S.A., 10-13 December, 2000 AU - Joines, J.A. AU - Barton, R. R. AU - Kang, K. AU - Fishwick, P. A. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery SN - 9780780365797 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Engineering economic analysis (8th ed.) AU - Newnan, D. G. AU - Lavelle, J. P. AU - G., Eschenbach T. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// PB - Austin, Texas: Engineering Press SN - 1576450538 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simulation Modeling of the textile supply chain - Part II: Results and research directions AU - Nuttle, HLW AU - King, RE AU - Fang, SC AU - Wilson, , JR AU - Hunter, NA T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - In Part I of this series we described a set of computer-simulation models of the various components of the apparel-supply complex. Here we summarize the results obtained by exercising the models, with the main emphasis placed on whether or not the upstream operations of spinning, fabric production, and dyeing and finishing were capable of meeting Quick Response (QR) requirements for response time and service levels. In carrying out this work, questions arose about the kind of information systems required to link the various entities in the supply chain, alternative scheduling procedures, the possibility of interactive management-information systems that would allow rapid responses to the concerns of senior managers, and user-friendly means for technology transfer. We have also begun to explore the use of fuzzy mathematics to model the uncertainty and vagueness inherent in most supply-chain decision-making. Work on these topics is discussed here in Part II. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1080/00405000008659527 VL - 91 IS - 1 SP - 51-64 SN - 0040-5000 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simulation Modeling of the textile supply chain - Part 1: The textile-plant models AU - Nuttle, HLW AU - King, RE AU - Hunter, NA AU - Wilson, , JR AU - Fang, SC T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - Abstract In Part I of the series, we describe stochastic computer models that simulate operations in the spinning, knitting, weaving, dyeing and finishing, and cut/sew sectors of the textile industry. The models are scaled to represent a supply chain designed to feed a garment-manufacturing operation involving four or five plants, i.e. part of each plant's output is ‘dedicated’ while simultaneously providing yarns and fabrics to the industry at large. Each of the sector models is unique because of the very different types of processing technology employed. The models are linked by means of streams of fabric orders from the manufacturing plants that make a range of garment types requiring many different fabrics for Basic (year-round sales), Seasonal (two or three seasons per year), and Fashion (shelf lives of 8–12 weeks) goods in a broad range of colors. In addition to each plant's product ranges and order sizes and frequencies, particular attention is paid to the machine-scheduling algorithms, although the models are deliberately kept at a ‘high’ as opposed to a ‘shop-floor’ level. The purpose of this modeling is to allow senior management to answer broad questions about the plants' ability to operate in a Quick Response environment. The various model outputs reflect this, having a heavy emphasis on on-time shipments, back-order levels, and service levels. In Part II of the series, we shall present the QR-related operating results to date, a description of a master-scheduling procedure to orchestrate the operations of the supply chain, ideas on an improved scheduling method, and an account of the construction of neural-network decision surface models as a decision support tool. We also overview ongoing efforts in technology transfer and in using ‘fuzzy’ mathematics to model the vagueness and uncertainty inherent in the supply- chain decision-making environment. The research effort of which this is a part is ongoing. We present these results in the hope of encouraging others to help carry the investigations forward. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1080/00405000008659526 VL - 91 IS - 1 SP - 35-50 SN - 0040-5000 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Several results on the design of queueing systems AU - Chao, XL AU - Scott, C T2 - OPERATIONS RESEARCH AB - Given that the total service effort in a multiple-server environment is fixed, it is generally known that the single-server system yields the minimum time a customer spends in the system. However, in many manufacturing as well as service applications the waiting time in the queue is more significant than total time in the system. We consider several such queueing design problems and show that the results for minimizing the waiting time in the queue are markedly different from those for minimizing total time in the system. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1287/opre.48.6.965.12395 VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 965-970 SN - 0030-364X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of surface electromyography to estimate neck muscle activity AU - Sommerich, CM AU - Joines, SMB AU - Hermans, V AU - Moon, SD T2 - JOURNAL OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND KINESIOLOGY AB - This paper reviews the literature concerning the use of surface electromyography (sEMG) for the study of the neck musculature in response to work and workplace design during light work and semi-static tasks. The paper also draws upon basic research and biomechanical modeling in order to provide methodological recommendations for the use of surface electromyography in this region of the body and to identify areas which require further investigation. The paper includes review and discussion of electrode site location, methods of normalization, data reliability, and factors that can affect sEMG signals from this region, including noise, physiologic artifact, stress, visual deficiencies, and pain. General guidance for maximum exertions with the neck musculature, for sEMG normalization or other purposes, is also included. DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// DO - 10.1016/S1050-6411(00)00033-X VL - 10 IS - 6 SP - 377-398 SN - 1873-5711 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Design of automation for telerobots and the effect on performance, operator situation awareness, and subjective workload AU - Kaber, DB AU - Onal, E AU - Endsley, MR T2 - HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING AB - In this article we review and assess human-centered level of automation (LOA), an alternate approach to traditional, technology-centered design of automation in dynamic-control systems. The objective of human-controlled LOA is to improve human-machine performance by taking into account both operator and technological capabilities. Automation literature has shown that traditional automation can lead to problems in operator situation awareness (SA) due to the out-of-the (control) loop performance problem, which may lead to a negative impact on overall systems performance. Herein we address a standing paucity of research into LOA to deal with these problems. Various schemes of generic control system function allocations were developed to establish a LOA taxonomy. The functions allocated to a human operator, a computer, or both, included monitoring system variables, generating process plans, selecting an “optimal” plan and implementing the plan. Five different function allocation schemes, or LOAs, were empirically investigated as to their usefulness for enhancing telerobot system performance and operator SA, as well as reducing workload. Human participants participated in experimental trials involving a high fidelity, interactive simulation of a telerobot performing nuclear materials handling at the various LOAs. Automation failures were attributed to various simulated system deficiencies necessitating operator detection and correction to return to functioning at an automated mode. Operator performance at each LOA, and during the failure periods, was evaluated. Operator SA was measured using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique, and perceived workload was measured using the NASA-Task Load Index. Results demonstrated improvements in human-machine system performance at higher LOAs (levels involving greater computer control of system functions) along with lower operator subjective workload. However, under the same conditions, operator SA was reduced for certain types of system problems and reaction time to, and performance during, automation failures was substantially lower. Performance during automation failure was best when participants had been functioning at lower, intermediate LOAs (levels involving greater human control of system functions). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1002/1520-6564(200023)10:4<409::AID-HFM4>3.0.CO;2-V VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 409-430 SN - 1090-8471 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Continuous assessment of back stress (CABS): A new method to quantify low-back stress in jobs with variable biomechanical demands AU - Mirka, GA AU - Kelaher, DP AU - Nay, DT AU - Lawrence, BM T2 - HUMAN FACTORS AB - Jobs with a high degree of variability in manual materials handling requirements expose limitations in current low-back injury risk assessment tools and emphasize the need for a probabilistic representation of the biomechanical stress in order to quantify both acute and cumulative trauma risk. We developed a hybrid assessment methodology that employs established assessment tools and then represents their evaluations in a way that emphasizes the distributions of biomechanical stress. Construction work activities in the home building industry were evaluated because of the high degree of variability in the manual material handling requirements. Each task was evaluated using the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation, The University of Michigan Three-Dimensional Static Strength Prediction Program, and the Ohio State University Lumbar Motion Monitor Model. The output from each model was presented as time-weighted histograms of low-back stress, and the assessments were compared. The results showed considerable differences in what were considered high-risk activities, indicating that these 3 assessment tools consider the risk of low-back injury from different perspectives. The time-weighted distribution aspect of this methodology also contributed vital information toward the identification of high-risk activities. These results illustrate the necessity for more advanced low-back injury risk assessment techniques for jobs with highly variable manual materials handling requirements. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1518/001872000779656525 VL - 42 IS - 2 SP - 209-225 SN - 0018-7208 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transverse-contour modeling of trunk muscle-distributed forces and spinal loads during lifting and twisting AU - Davis, J. R. AU - Mirka, G. A. T2 - Spine (Philadelphia, Pa. 1976) DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 180-189 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimal start times under stochastic activity durations AU - Elmaghraby, S. E. AU - Ferreira, A. A. AU - Tavares, L. V. T2 - International Journal of Production Economics DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 64 IS - 1-3 SP - 153-164 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On truncation properties of finite-buffer queues and queueing networks AU - Chao, XL AU - Miyazawa, M T2 - PROBABILITY IN THE ENGINEERING AND INFORMATIONAL SCIENCES AB - We show that several truncation properties of queueing systems are consequences of a simple property of censored stochastic processes. We first consider a discrete-time stochastic process and show that its censored process has a truncated stationary distribution. When the stochastic process has continuous time, we present a similar result under the additional condition that the process is locally balanced. We apply these results to single-server batch arrival batch service queues with finite buffers and queueing networks with finite buffers and batch movements, and extend the well-known results on truncation properties of the M X / G /1/ k queues and queueing networks with jump-over blocking. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1017/S0269964800144018 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 409-423 SN - 0269-9648 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Solving a system of infinitely many fuzzy inequalities with piecewise linear membership functions AU - Hu, CF AU - Fang, SC T2 - COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS AB - A cutting plane type algorithm for solving a system of infinitely many fuzzy inequalities with piecewise linear membership functions is proposed. In each iteration, we solve a finite nonlinear optimization problem and add one or two more constraints. The iterative process ends when an optimal solution is identified. A convergence proof, under some mild conditions, is given. An efficient implementation based on the concepts of constraint surrogation and maximum entropy is included. Some computational results are also reported. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1016/S0898-1221(00)00191-7 VL - 40 IS - 6-7 SP - 721-733 SN - 0898-1221 KW - fuzzy mathematical programming KW - systems of inequalities KW - cutting plane method ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of semi-rigid arch-support orthotics: an investigation with potential ergonomic implications AU - Kelaher, D AU - Mirka, GA AU - Dudziak, KQ T2 - APPLIED ERGONOMICS AB - For many years, arch-support orthotics have been prescribed for individuals with discomfort and/or abnormal skeletal alignments in the structures of the lower extremity. Recently there has been an increased interest in promoting semi-rigid orthotics as an ergonomic aid for asymptomatic workers who must stand all day at their workplace. A laboratory study was performed to assess the biomechanical impact of prefabricated semi-rigid orthotics on asymptomatic individuals. Ten subjects wore semi-rigid arch-support orthotics (experimental condition) for two months and flexible polyurethane/Sorbothane ® shoe inserts (control condition) for two months. Throughout this 18-week testing period, the subjects returned to the lab to perform a battery of assessment tests at regularly scheduled intervals. These tests examined subject strength, standing posture, stability, fatigue effects, and body part discomfort. The results of this study showed no significant changes in the strength, posture, or stability as a function of insert type. The subjects reported a reduction in low-back discomfort along with an increase in foot discomfort during a fatiguing exertion task while wearing the semi-rigid orthotics as compared to the control condition. DA - 2000/10// PY - 2000/10// DO - 10.1016/S0003-6870(00)00018-1 VL - 31 IS - 5 SP - 515-522 SN - 0003-6870 KW - orthotics KW - posture KW - stability KW - fatigue KW - discomfort ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simulation world loses key founder, A. Alan B. Pritsker (1933-2000) - In memoriam AU - Wilson, , JR T2 - SIMULATION DA - 2000/8// PY - 2000/8// DO - 10.1177/003754970007500209 VL - 75 IS - 2 SP - 123-124 SN - 0037-5497 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parametric design and optimization for a nonlinear precision X-Y microstage AU - Taylor, JB AU - Carrano, AL AU - Fathi, Y T2 - JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS AB - A new micropositioning system based on the kinematic coupling principle is shown to offer advantages with respect to resolution, accuracy, precision, and position repeatability while maintaining full two-dimensional motion control. This new system is shown to have a mechanical amplification (leverage) that can allow up to several times increase in the effective positioning resolution of the actuators driving the kinematic coupling mechanism. However, the magnitude of the leverage is not homogeneous over the entire working envelope of the mechanism. Furthermore, in some areas, the magnitude of the leverage is shown to be very sensitive to perturbations in the design parameters. This paper provides a discussion of the parameter design analysis for the proposed system using a methodology based on design of experiments and nonlinear mathematical programming. Using an indicator developed for this purpose, a response surface for the mechanical advantage is obtained and optimal design areas are identified. More importantly, this analysis proves to be flexible enough in searching for the set of parameters that would achieve any particular target on the level of performance, while presenting the least sensitivity to manufacturing noise. This allows for manufacture of variations of the proposed mechanism within feasible manufacturing tolerances and costs. A case study is also presented as an illustration of one real application in manufacturing design. Additionally, potential areas of implementation, such as precision assembly and rapid prototyping, have been identified. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1016/S0278-6125(01)80002-9 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 229-238 SN - 0278-6125 KW - kinematic coupling KW - mechanical advantage KW - positioning KW - micropositioning KW - robust design KW - mechanism KW - design optimization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Femoral medullary infarction secondary to canine total hip arthroplasty AU - Sebestyen, P AU - Marcellin-Little, DJ AU - DeYoung, BA T2 - VETERINARY SURGERY AB - To evaluate the prevalence of femoral intramedullary infarction after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to determine whether any specific femoral morphology predisposes to bone infarction.Retrospective clinical study.All dogs from our hospital population undergoing THA between 1984 and 1997 with radiographic follow-up available at 1 year or more postoperatively.A case control study was conducted within the THA group to determine risk factors predisposing to femoral infarction after THA. Medical records and radiographs were reviewed. Data were collected on clinical parameters, femoral morphology, prosthesis, and bone changes. Radiographic diagnosis was confirmed using histopathology in 11 femora. Radiographs of 50 age-matched control dogs weighing more than 20 kg with coxofemoral degenerative joint disease were randomly chosen to determine the prevalence of bone infarction in nonoperated dogs.Ninety-one dogs with 110 THA were included in the study. Fifteen of the 110 femora with THA had radiographic evidence of infarction (14%). Infarction was not present in any femora in the control group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infarction between dogs that received cemented or uncemented prostheses. Clinical signs were not reported in any patient that developed femoral infarction. Young age (P = .03) and a distance between the greater trochanter and nutrient foramen greater than 79 mm (P = .008) predisposed dogs to femoral infarction. Over time, three infarcts decreased in size radiographically, five remained unchanged, and three expanded. An osteosarcoma developed at the site of a bone infarct in one dog.Femoral intramedullary infarction occurred in 15 of 110 THA. Young age at the time of THA and a greater distance between the greater trochanter and the nutrient foramen predisposed to infarction.Intramedullary infarction occurs after canine THA. These bone infarcts do not appear to cause clinical signs; however, they may present a diagnostic challenge. Malignant transformation could potentially result from medullary infarction. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1053/jvet.2000.4391 VL - 29 IS - 3 SP - 227-236 SN - 1532-950X ER - TY - JOUR TI - An empirical approach to characterizing trunk muscle coactivation using simulation input modeling techniques AU - Mirka, GA AU - Glasscock, NF AU - Stanfield, PM AU - Wilson, , JR T2 - JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS AB - Accurately describing trunk muscle coactivation is fundamental to quantifying the spine reaction forces that occur during lifting tasks and has been the focus of a great deal of research in the spine biomechanics literature. One limitation of previous approaches has been a lack of consideration given to the variability in these coactivation strategies. The research presented in this paper is an empirical approach to quantifying and modeling trunk muscle coactivation using simulation input modeling techniques. Electromyographic (EMG) data were collected from 28 human subjects as they performed controlled trunk extension exertions. These exertions included isokinetic (10 and 45°/s) and constant acceleration (50°/s/s) trunk extensions in symmetric and asymmetric (30°) postures at two levels of trunk extension moment (30 and 80 Nm). The EMG data were collected from the right and left pairs of the erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis, external obliques and internal obliques. Each subject performed nine repetitions of each combination of independent variables. The data collected during these trials were used to develop marginal distributions of trunk muscle activity as well as a 10×10 correlation matrix that described how the muscles cooperated to produce these extension torques. These elements were then combined to generate multivariate distributions describing the coactivation of the trunk musculature. An analysis of these distributions revealed that increases in extension moment, extension velocity and sagittal flexion angle created increases in both the mean and the variance of the distributions of the muscular response, while increases in the rate of trunk extension acceleration decreased both the mean and variance of the distributions of activity across all muscles considered. Increases in trunk asymmetry created a decrease in mean of the ipsi–lateral erector spinae and an increase in the mean of all other muscles considered, but there was little change in the variance of these distributions as a function of asymmetry. DA - 2000/12// PY - 2000/12// DO - 10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00151-2 VL - 33 IS - 12 SP - 1701-1704 SN - 0021-9290 KW - EMG KW - lumbar KW - injury KW - modeling KW - simulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rolling-ball method and contour marching approach to identifying critical regions for complex surface machining AU - Lee, YS AU - Ma, YW AU - Jegadesh, G T2 - COMPUTERS IN INDUSTRY AB - This paper presents a surface analysis method that includes a rolling-ball algorithm and a contour marching algorithm for identifying the critical regions that are unfeasible for machining. For a given cutter size, the algorithms automatically identify the regions that are unfeasible for machining and dichotomize the surface into the critical region and the machinable region. A rolling-ball method is used to find the starting points of the critical region boundary. A contour marching method is then used to construct the actual boundary of the critical regions by using the starting points found in the rolling-ball method. Different sets of tool paths can be generated for both the machinable region and the critical region. The proposed method allows manufacturing engineers to use different sizes of cutters to machine complex surface parts. Computer implementation and illustrative examples are presented in this paper. DA - 2000/3// PY - 2000/3// DO - 10.1016/S0166-3615(99)00042-1 VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 163-180 SN - 0166-3615 KW - NC machining KW - sculptured surface machining KW - offset surface intersection KW - rolling-ball algorithm KW - contour marching algorithm KW - CAD/CAM ER - TY - CHAP TI - Optimal planning of parallel machining operation AU - Fang, S.-C. AU - Chiu, N. C. AU - Lee, Y. S. T2 - Handbook of computational intelligence in design and manufacturing PY - 2000/// PB - CRC Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Neurocomputing with time delay analysis for solving convex quadratic programming problems AU - Chen, Yen-Hung AU - Fang, Shu-Cherng T2 - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks AB - This paper presents a neural-network computational scheme with time-delay consideration for solving convex quadratic programming problems. Based on some known results, a delay margin is explicitly determined for the stability of the neural dynamics, under which the states of the neural network does not oscillate. The configuration of the proposed neural network is provided. Operational characteristics of the neural network are demonstrated via numerical examples. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1109/72.822526 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 230-240 J2 - IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. OP - SN - 1045-9227 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/72.822526 DB - Crossref KW - artificial neural network KW - convex programming KW - Hopfield network KW - linear and quadratic programming KW - time-delay dynamic system ER - TY - JOUR TI - Virtual interference detection with case goods assemblies AU - Cormier, D. AU - Unnanon, K. T2 - Forest Products Journal DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 50 IS - 5 SP - 75-78 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preface: Cognitive engineering in automated systems design AU - Kaber, DB AU - Usher, JM T2 - HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING AB - Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service IndustriesVolume 10, Issue 4 p. 363-367 Preface: Cognitive engineering in automated systems design David B. Kaber, David B. Kaber North Carolina State UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorJohn M. Usher, John M. Usher Mississippi State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author David B. Kaber, David B. Kaber North Carolina State UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorJohn M. Usher, John M. Usher Mississippi State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 September 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6564(200023)10:4<363::AID-HFM1>3.0.CO;2-ICitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES Endsley, M.R. ( 1988). Design and evaluation for situation awareness enhancement. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting. (pp. 97–101). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Heinrich, H.W., Petersen, D., & Ross, N. ( 1980). Principles of accident prevention. In Industrial Accident Prevention. ( 5th ed., Chapter 2). New York: McGraw-Hill. Kaber, D.B., & Usher, J.M. ( 1998). Cognitive ergonomics issues in supervisory control: Flexible manufacturing system operator information requirements. In proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Engineering Design and Automation. (EDA '98). Maui, HI, August 9–12, 1998. Wickens, C.D. ( 1992). Engineering psychology and human performance. ( 2nd ed.). New York: Harper Collins. Citing Literature Volume10, Issue4Autumn (Fall) 2000Pages 363-367 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1002/1520-6564(200023)10:4<363::AID-HFM1>3.0.CO;2-I VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 363-367 SN - 1090-8471 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Least squares estimation of nonhomogeneous poisson processes AU - Kuhl, M. E. AU - Wilson, J. R. T2 - Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 67 IS - 1 SP - 75-108 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A revised simplex search procedure for stochastic simulation response surface optimization AU - Humphrey, DG AU - Wilson, , JR T2 - INFORMS JOURNAL ON COMPUTING AB - We develop a variant of the Nelder-Mead (NM) simplex search procedure for stochastic simulation optimization that is designed to avoid many of the weaknesses encumbering similar direct-search methods—in particular, excessive sensitivity to starting values, premature termination at a local optimum, lack of robustness against noisy responses, and computational inefficiency. The Revised Simplex Search (RSS) procedure consists of a three-phase application of the NM method in which: (a) the ending values for one phase become the starting values for the next phase; (b) the step size for the initial simplex (respectively, the shrink coefficient) decreases geometrically (respectively, increases linearly) over successive phases; and (c) the final estimated optimum is the best of the ending values for the three phases. To compare RSS versus NM and procedure RS+S9 due to Barton and Ivey, we summarize a simulation study based on four selected performance measures computed for six test problems that include additive white-noise error, with three levels of problem dimensionality and noise variability used in each problem. In the selected test problems, RSS yielded significantly more accurate estimates of the optimum than NM or RS+S9, and both RSS and RS+S9 required roughly four times as many function evaluations as NM. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1287/ijoc.12.4.272.11879 VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 272-283 SN - 1526-5528 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Smoothing STL files by Max-Fit biarc curves for rapid prototyping AU - Koc, Bahattin AU - Ma, Yawei AU - Lee, Yuan-Shin T2 - RAPID PROTOTYPING JOURNAL AB - Presents a method of Max‐Fit biarc curve fitting technique to improve the accuracy of STL files and to reduce the file size for rapid prototyping. STL file has been widely accepted as a de facto standard file format for the rapid prototyping industry. However, STL format is an approximated representation of a true solid/surface model, and a huge amount of STL data is needed to provide sufficient accuracy for rapid prototyping. Presents a Max‐Fit biarc curve fitting technique to reconstruct STL slicing data for rapid prototyping. The Max‐Fit algorithm progresses through the STL slicing intersection points to find the most efficient biarc curve fitting, while improving the accuracy. Our results show that the proposed biarc curve‐fitting technique can significantly improve the accuracy of poorly generated STL files by smoothing the intersection points for rapid prototyping. Therefore, less strict requirements (i.e. loose triangle tolerances) can be used while generating the STL files. DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// DO - 10.1108/13552540010337065 VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 186-203 SN - 1355-2546 KW - rapid prototyping KW - accuracy KW - stereolithography ER - TY - JOUR TI - On criticality and sensitivity in activity networks AU - Elmaghraby, SE T2 - EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH AB - A review of the issues related to activity criticality and the sensitivity of the mean and variance of project completion time to changes in the mean and variance of individual activities is presented. The methodologies proposed range over the analytical, Monte Carlo sampling, and statistical sampling, in particular the use of Taguchi orthogonal arrays. DA - 2000/12/1/ PY - 2000/12/1/ DO - 10.1016/S0377-2217(99)00483-X VL - 127 IS - 2 SP - 220-238 SN - 0377-2217 KW - activity networks KW - critical activities KW - sensitivity analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - High-tech, low-cost ergonomic solutions AU - Davis, J. R. T2 - IIE Solutions DA - 2000/// PY - 2000/// VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 31-35 ER -