TY - JOUR TI - Canine Heartworm Antigen Testing: Current Concepts in Selecting a Screening Program AU - Nettifee, J.A. T2 - Veterinary Technician DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 13 IS - 10 SP - 674–677 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Canine Heartworm Antigen Testing: Current Concepts in Selecting a Screening Program, AU - Nettifee Osborne, J.A. T2 - Veterinary Technician DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 13 SP - 674–675 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The chlorinated pesticide, mirex is a novel non-phorbol ester tumor promoter in mouse skin AU - Moser, G.J. AU - Meyer, S.A. AU - Smart, R.C. T2 - Cancer Research DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 52 IS - 3 SP - 631–636 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Unique energy supplements for newborn pigs AU - Odle, J. DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Neonatal growth factors AU - Odle, J. DA - 1992/7/9/ PY - 1992/7/9/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on recovery of piglet small intestine following infection with rotavirus AU - Odle, J. AU - Hall, W. AU - Zijlstra, R. AU - Petschow, B. AU - Gelberg, H. AU - Litov, R. T2 - FASEB Journal DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 6 SP - A1958 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of carnitine acyltransferase (CAT) in control of hepatic lipid metabolism in developing small-for-gestational-age piglets AU - Lin, X. AU - Odle, J. AU - van Kempen, T. AU - Drackley, J. T2 - FASEB Journal DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 6 SP - A1383 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantification of acyl-carnitines by HPLC AU - van Kempen, T.A.T.G. AU - Odle, J. T2 - FASEB Journal DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 6 SP - A1382 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exception to a paradigm: neonatal non-hyperketonemia in swine AU - Adams, S.H. AU - Odle, J. T2 - American Zoologists DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 32 SP - 31A ER - TY - CONF TI - Improving piglet survival by nutritional means: Efforts to enhance the efficacy of medium-chain triglycerides AU - Odle, J. AU - Wieland, T.M. AU - Lin, X. C2 - 1992/// C3 - American Society of Animal Science Midwestern Section DA - 1992/// SP - 61 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Nutrient allowances for swine AU - Easter, R.A. AU - Odle, J. AU - Baker, D.H. T2 - Feedstuffs DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 63 SP - 38–44 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Enhancement of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) utilization by neonatal piglets AU - Wieland, T.M. AU - Lin, X. AU - van Kempen, T.A.T.G. AU - Odle, J. DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// SP - 53–57 ER - TY - MGZN TI - New ways to give small pigs a fighting chance AU - Odle, J. T2 - National Hog Farmer DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 37 SP - 32–34 M1 - (Swine Research Review) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Alterations in protein kinase C isozymes α and β2 in activated Ha-ras containing papillomas in the absence of an increase in diacyiglycerol AU - Mills, Kevin J. AU - Bocckino, Stephen B. AU - Burns, David J. AU - Loomis, Carson R. AU - Smart, Robert C. T2 - Carcinogenesis AB - The levels of protein kinase C (PKC) activity, PKC isozymes, as well as the level of endogenous diacylglycerols (DAG) were examined in early emergence mouse skin papillomas and compared to the levels in the epidermis. The papillomas were derived from a two-stage carcinogenesis protocol in which mice were initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promoted twice weekly for only 12 weeks with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). As expected, >90% of these early emergence papillomas contained an activated Ha-ras gene with an A→T transversion in the 61st codon. There was a TPA-independent, irreversible decrease in total PKC activity (70%) in the early emergence papifiomas compared to that in the epidennis. Immunoblot analysis of epidermis and papillomas taken 4 weeks following the cessation of TPA treatment, a time when PKC catalytic activity has completely recovered to control level in epidermis but not in papillomas, revealed that the levels of PKC-α and PKC-β2 were dramatically decreased in the cytosol of the papillomas, while the levels of these two isozymes in the particulate fraction were approximately equal to the epidermis. PKC-δ -ε and -ζ immunoreactive proteins were present in both epidermis and papillomas and only minor changes were observed in the papillomas. PKC-δ and PKC-ε displayed a particulate fraction localization in both the epidermis and papillomas, while PKC-ζ was found in both subcellular fractions. We were unable to detect PKC-γ in mouse epidermis or papillomas. Since the level of DAG has been shown to be elevated in some ras-transformed cells, we examined DAG levels in the papillomas, as an increased DAG level could explain the constitutive decreases in the levels of PKC. Measurements of cellular DAG indicated that there was no elevation in the total pool of DAG in the early emergence papillomas. These data demonstrate an irreversible decrease in and alteration of the subcellular distribution of PKC-α and β2 in DMBA-initiated /TPA-promoted papillomas. These changes are TPA-independent, and occur in the absence of an elevation in the total pool of endogenous DAG. These alterations of PKC isozymes may be important early events in multistage tumorigenesis. DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// DO - 10.1093/carcin/13.7.1113 VL - 13 IS - 7 SP - 1113-1120 J2 - Carcinogenesis LA - en OP - SN - 0143-3334 1460-2180 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/13.7.1113 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Calcinosis circumscripta involving the metatarsal region in a dog with chronic renal failure. T2 - The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne DA - 1992/7/1/ PY - 1992/7/1/ UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/17424040/?tool=EBI ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acute thallium toxicosis in a dog. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1992/9/1/ PY - 1992/9/1/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of rhinoscopy and rhinoscopy-assisted mucosal biopsy in diagnosis of nasal disease in dogs: 119 cases (1985-1989). T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1992/11/1/ PY - 1992/11/1/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tissue culture and chromosome analysis of Arnebia euchroma AU - Li, Guozhen AU - Qi, Mingpo AU - Kang, Ningling AU - Xie, Deyu AU - Ye, Yechun AU - Li, Guofeng T2 - Chinese Bulletin of Botany DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 37–41 ER - TY - CONF TI - The Identification of Lyme Disease Foci in the Northeast U.S. Using Vector Prevalence and Canine Serology data AU - Daniels, T.J. AU - Fish, D. AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Greco, M. AU - Eaton, A. AU - Padgett, P. AU - LaPointe, D. T2 - Fifth International Conference on Lyme borreliosis C2 - 1992/5// CY - Arlington, VA DA - 1992/5// PY - 1992/5// ER - TY - CONF TI - Rodents and Reptiles as Hosts for Ixodes scapularis AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Apperson, C.S. AU - Evans, T. AU - Heller, J. T2 - 5th International Conference on Lyme borreliosis C2 - 1992/5// CY - Arlington, VA DA - 1992/5// PY - 1992/5// ER - TY - CHAP TI - Metabolic Enzymes from Sulfur-Dependent, Extremely Thermophilic Organisms AU - Adams, Michael W. W. AU - Park, Jae-Bum AU - Mukund, S. AU - Blamey, J. AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - Biocatalysis at Extreme Temperatures T3 - ACS Symposium Series AB - Microorganisms growing near and above 100°C were discovered only in the last decade. Most of them depend upon elemental sulfur for growth. Both the organisms and their enzymes have enormous potential in both basic and applied research. To date only a few metabolic enzymes have been characterized. The majority are from two sulfur-dependent organisms, from the archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus, and from Thermotoga maritima, the most thermophilic bacterium currently known. In this chapter we review the nature of the sulfur-dependent organisms, their evolutionary significance, and the properties of the enzymes that have been purified so far. PY - 1992/7/7/ DO - 10.1021/bk-1992-0498.ch002 SP - 4–22 PB - American Chemical Society SN - 9780841224582 9780841213548 SV - 498 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0498.ch002 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biocatalysis at Extreme Temperatures AB - Enzymes are typically labile molecules and thus are adversely affected when exposed to any type of extreme conditions. As such, biocatalysis, in either a physiological or biotechnological sense, has usually constrained to a rather narrow range of temperature, pH, pressure, ionic strength and to an aqueous environment. In fact, given its physiological role, and the need at times to regulate enzymatic activity, this is appropriate. Unfortunately, the use of biological catalysts for technological purpose necessitates that enzymes be stable and functional in nonphysiological environments. The challenge then is to either isolate enzymes more suitable for a particular application or be able to modify existing enzymes systematically to improve their stability and/or function. While a number of thermostable enzymes have been studied previously, the focus here is on thermostable enzymes produced by high temperature microorganisms. DA - 1992/7/7/ PY - 1992/7/7/ DO - 10.1021/bk-1992-0498 VL - 7 SN - 0097-6156 1947-5918 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0498 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regulation of Proteolytic Activity in the Hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus AU - Snowden, Lesley J. AU - Blumentals, Ilse I. AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AB - Pyrococcus furiosus was shown to grow on casein or peptides as the sole carbon, energy, and nitrogen sources, while maltose could be used as a carbon and energy source only if peptides were present in the medium. A mixture of all 20 single amino acids could not replace the peptide requirement. Specific intracellular proteolytic activity was induced under low casein or tryptone levels and was decreased by the addition of maltose to both peptide-limiting and peptide-rich media in batch and continuous cultures. In a peptide-limited chemostat, activity towards azocasein and MeO-Suc-Arg-Pro-Tyr- p -nitroanilide reached a maximum at a dilution rate of 0.28 h -1 , while activity toward l -lysine- p -nitroanilide reached a maximum at 0.50 h -1 . Under peptide-limiting conditions, levels of the 66-kDa protease (S66) were enhanced relative to those of other cell proteins. Preliminary evidence suggests that this protease is immunologically related to the eukaryotic multicatalytic proteinase complex (proteosome). DA - 1992/4// PY - 1992/4// DO - 10.1128/aem.58.4.1134-1141.1992 VL - 58 IS - 4 SP - 1134-1141 J2 - Appl Environ Microbiol LA - en OP - SN - 0099-2240 1098-5336 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.4.1134-1141.1992 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Characterization of Enzymes from High-Temperature Bacteria AU - Kelly, Robert M. AU - Brown, S. H. AU - Blumentals, I. I. AU - Adams, Michael W. W. T2 - ACS Symposium Series AB - The purification and characterization of enzymes from bacteria that grow at extremely high temperatures presents numerous challenges. In addition to selecting and cultivating appropriate microorganisms to study, there are many other distinguishing features related to the study of "hyperthermophilic" enzymes. These are discussed and illustrated through case studies involving an α-glucosidase and a rubredoxin purified from the hyperthermophile, Pyrococcus furiosus, an organism that grows optimally at 100°C. PY - 1992/7/7/ DO - 10.1021/bk-1992-0498.ch003 SP - 23-41 OP - PB - American Chemical Society SN - 9780841224582 9780841213548 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0498.ch003 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Pyrococcus furiosus, a Hyperthermophilic Archaebacterium AU - Kelly, Robert M. AU - Blumentals, Ilse I. AU - Snowde, Lesley J. AU - Adams, Michael W. W. T2 - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AB - Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 665, Issue 1 p. 309-319 Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Pyrococcus furiosus, a Hyperthermophilic Archaebacterium ROBERT M. KELLY, ROBERT M. KELLY Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21202Search for more papers by this authorILSE I. BLUMENTALS, ILSE I. BLUMENTALS Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218Search for more papers by this authorLESLEY J. SNOWDE, LESLEY J. SNOWDE Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218Search for more papers by this authorMICHAEL W. W. ADAMS, MICHAEL W. W. ADAMS Department of Biochemistry and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602Search for more papers by this author ROBERT M. KELLY, ROBERT M. KELLY Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21202Search for more papers by this authorILSE I. BLUMENTALS, ILSE I. BLUMENTALS Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218Search for more papers by this authorLESLEY J. SNOWDE, LESLEY J. SNOWDE Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218Search for more papers by this authorMICHAEL W. W. ADAMS, MICHAEL W. W. ADAMS Department of Biochemistry and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1992 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb42594.xCitations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume665, Issue1Biochemical Engineering VII: Cellular and Reactor EngineeringOctober 1992Pages 309-319 RelatedInformation DA - 1992/10// PY - 1992/10// DO - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb42594.x VL - 665 IS - 1 Biochemical E SP - 309-319 J2 - Ann NY Acad Sci LA - en OP - SN - 0077-8923 1749-6632 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb42594.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acute thallium toxicosis in a dog AU - Waters, C.B. AU - Hawkins, E.C. AU - Knapp, D.W. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1992/9// PY - 1992/9// VL - 201 IS - 6 SP - 883–885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of rhinoscopy and rhinoscopy-assisted mucosal biopsy in diagnosis of nasal disease in dogs: 119 cases (1985–1989) AU - Lent, S.F.F. AU - Hawkins, E.C. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1992/11// PY - 1992/11// VL - 201 IS - 9 SP - 1425–1429 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Calcinosis circumscripta involving the metatarsal region in a dog with chronic renal failure AU - Kowalewich, N.J. AU - Hawkins, E.C. T2 - Canadian Veterinary Journal DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 33 IS - 7 SP - 465–466 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Chronic viral upper respiratory disease in cats: differential diagnosis and management AU - Hawkins, E.C. T2 - Feline Medicine and Surgery in Practice, Veterinary Learning Systems PY - 1992/// SP - 108–115 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Respiratory disorders AU - Hawkins, E.C. T2 - Essentials of Small Animal Internal Medicine A2 - Nelson, R.W. A2 - Couto, C.G. PY - 1992/// SP - 151–253 PB - CV Mosby Co ER - TY - CHAP TI - Tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage in the management of respiratory disease AU - Hawkins, E.C. T2 - Current Veterinary Therapy XI A2 - Kirk, R.W. A2 - Bonagura, J.D. PY - 1992/// SP - 795–800 PB - WB Saunders Co ER - TY - JOUR TI - La coagulation intra-vasculaire disséminée chez le chien. Première partie: Rappels théoriques. (Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the dog) AU - Furic, F. AU - Héripret, D. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Pratique Médicale et Chirurgicale de l’Animal de Compagnie DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 27 SP - 753-764 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seroprevalence of babesiosis in greyhounds in Florida AU - Taboada, J. AU - Harvey, J.W. AU - Levy, M.G. AU - Breitschwerdt, E.B. T2 - Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 200 IS - 1 SP - 47–50 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Dermatite par allergie de contact chez le chien. (Allergic contact dermatitis in the dog) AU - Prélaud, P. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Encyclopédie Vétérinaire A2 - Laforge, H. PY - 1992/// PB - Editions Techniques. Dermatologie ER - TY - CHAP TI - Dermatoses auto-immunes du chien et du chat. (Autoimmune dermatoses in the dog and the cat) AU - Olivry, T. AU - Alhaïdari, Z. AU - Hubert, B. T2 - Encyclopédie Vétérinaire A2 - Laforge, H. PY - 1992/// SP - 12 PB - Editions Techniques. Dermatologie ER - TY - CHAP TI - Quelques rares dermatoses à médiation immunologique (Uncommon immune-mediated dermatoses) AU - Olivry, T AU - Atlee, B.A. AU - Prélaud, P. T2 - Encyclopédie Vétérinaire A2 - Laforge, H. PY - 1992/// SP - 7 PB - Editions Techniques. Dermatologie ER - TY - CHAP TI - Hormones sexuelles et peau chez les carnivores domestiques. (Sex hormones and the skin in domestic carnivores) AU - Hubert, B. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Encyclopédie Vétérinaire A2 - Laforge, H. PY - 1992/// PB - Editions Techniques. Dermatologie ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leucémie lymphoïde chronique à manifestations buccales chez un chien. (Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with oral involvement in a dog) AU - Olivry, T. AU - Atlee, B.A. T2 - Pratique Médicale et Chirurgicale de l’Animal de Compagnie DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 27 SP - 177-181 ER - TY - JOUR TI - L’adénite sébacée du chien et du chat. (Sebaceous adenitis in dogs and cats) AU - Olivry, T. AU - Prélaud, P. T2 - L' Officiel des Dermatologistes DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// IS - 21 SP - 42-44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - La dermatomyosite familiale canine (Canine familial dermato-myositis). AU - Prélaud, P. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - L' Officiel des Dermatologistes DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// IS - 24 SP - 38–40 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Eruptions cutanées médicamenteuses chez le chien et le chat. (Cutaneous drug eruptions in dogs and cats) AU - Prélaud, P. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - L' Officiel des Dermatologistes DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// IS - 26 SP - 37–40 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Protozooses à manifestations cutanées chez le chien. (Protozoal skin diseases in the dog) AU - Prélaud, P. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - L' Officiel des Dermatologistes DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// IS - 28 SP - 38–40 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Letters to the Editor AU - Sellon, D.C. AU - Conboy, H.S. AU - Levine, J.F. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 6, Issue 3 p. 197-199 Open Access Letters to the Editor First published: May 1992 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00337.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Moore AS, Kirk C., Cardona A. Intracavitary cisplatin chemotherapy experience with six dogs. J Vet Intern Med 1991; 5: 227231. 2 Fassio T., Canobbio L., Gasparini G., Villani F. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during treatment with cisplatin and etoposide combination. Oncology 1986; 43: 2 19– 220. 3 Hashimi LA, Khalyl MF, Salem PA. Supraventricular tachycardia: A probable complication of platinum treatment. Oncology 1984; 41: 174– 175. 4 Schaeppi U., Heyman IA, Fleischman RW, Rosenkrantz H., Ilievski V., Phelan R., Cooney DA, Davis RD. cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (11) (NSC-119875): Preclinical toxicologic evaluation of intravenous injection in dogs, monkeys and mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1973; 25: 230– 241. 5 Loar AS, Susaneck SJ. Doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy in five dogs. Semin Vet Med Surg 1986; 1: 68– 72. Volume6, Issue3May 1992Pages 197-199 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 1992/5// PY - 1992/5// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00337.x VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 197–198 SN - 0891-6640 1939-1676 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00337.x ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ringworm in catteries: the stable of Augias AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// IS - 644 SP - 24 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recurrent pyodermas: topical weapons AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// IS - 649 SP - 22 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cushing's syndrome: discriminatory tests? AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// IS - 656 SP - 20 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - World dermatology congress: Elephant man in Canada AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// IS - 660 SP - 12 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - World dermatology congress: results of clinical studies. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// IS - 666 SP - 22 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - World dermatology congress: results of clinical studies AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// IS - 666 SP - 22 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dermatopathology: a new "bible" AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Editorial]. Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// IS - 672 SP - 13 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - The cell division cycle: a physiologically plausible dynamic model can exhibit chaotic solutions AU - Lloyd, David AU - Lloyd, Alun L. AU - Olsen, Lars Folke T2 - Biosystems AB - A mitotic oscillator with one slowly increasing variable (τL of the order of hours) and one rapidly increasing variable (τR of the order of minutes) modulated by a timer (ultradian clock) gives an auto-oscillating solution: cells divide when this relaxation oscillator reaches a critical threshold to initiate a rapid phase of the limit cycle. Increasing values of the velocity constant in the slow equation give quasiperiodic, chaotic and periodic solutions. Thus dispersed and quantized cell cycle times are consequences of a chaotic trajectory and have a purely deterministic basis. This model of the dispersion of cell cycle times contrasts with many previous ones in which cell cycle variability is a consequence of stochastic properties inherent in a sequence of many thousands of reactions or the random nature of a key transition step. DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(92)90043-x VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 17–24 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Infectious keratitis in horses: evaluation and management AU - McLaughlin, S.A. AU - Gilger, B.C. AU - Whitley, R.D. T2 - The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian DA - 1992/3// PY - 1992/3// VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 372–380 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bilateral episcleral prolapse of orbital fat in a bull AU - Gilger, B.C. AU - Pugh, D. AU - McLaughlin, S.A. T2 - Agri-Practice DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 13 IS - 10 SP - 18–23 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The use of EPR for the measurement of the concentration of oxygen in vivo in tissues under physiologically pertinent conditions and concentrations AU - Swartz, H.M. AU - Boyer, S. AU - Brown, D. AU - Chang, K. AU - Gast, P. AU - Glockner, J.F. AU - Hu, H. AU - Liu, K.J. AU - Moussavi, M. AU - Nilges, M. AU - Norby, S.W. AU - Smirnov, A. AU - Vahidi, N. AU - Walczak, T. AU - Wu, M. AU - Clarkson, R.B. T2 - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 317 SP - 221-228 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027056754&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vivo Seed Investigation by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spin Probe Technique AU - Smirnov, Alex I. AU - Golovina, Helen A. AU - Yakimchenko, Olga E. AU - Aksyonov, Sergej I. AU - Lebedev, Yakob S. T2 - Journal of Plant Physiology AB - Summary The methodology of the electron paramagnetic resonance nitroxide spin probe technique to study seeds at low moisture content has been developed. A wheat embryo was imbibed in 10 m m 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl aqueous solution together with potassium ferricyanide as a broadening agent. The detected resonance signals have been related to nitroxides within the aqueous phase of the cytoplasm of intact cells, the lipid bodies, and the lipid bilayer of the membranes. The experimental data indicate that some of the cellular membranes of embryos from seeds with 13 % and higher moisture content are essentially impermeable to ferricyanide ions and semipermeable to nitroxide molecules from the beginning of soaking. This property of cellular membranes is lost when seeds were artificially aged, and it is absent from cells within the central part of the endosperm tissue. The kinetics of observed signals during of soaking has been presented. DA - 1992/9// PY - 1992/9// DO - 10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80823-0 VL - 140 IS - 4 SP - 447-452 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0000379935&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - TRITICUM-AESTIVUM KW - SEEDS KW - EMBRYO KW - MEMBRANE INTACTNESS KW - SEED VIABILITY KW - ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE KW - SPIN PROBE TECHNIQUE KW - NITROXIDE RADICALS ER - TY - JOUR TI - High-field EPR imaging AU - Smirnov, Alex I AU - Poluectov, Oleg G AU - Lebedev, Yakob S T2 - Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) AB - High-field EPR imaging at 5 T (140 GHz) is experimentally demonstrated. The measurements employed a spectrometer equipped with a TE011 cylindrical resonator and a superconducting magnet system. Two shapes of ferromagnetic structures—discs and wedges—were applied for the generation of ultrahigh magnetic-field gradients up to 78 T/m. This gives an opportunity to explore microimaging techniques with spatial resolution up to 1 μm. Reconstruction of a one-dimensional image in the case of nonlinear magnetic-field dependence is demonstrated. As an example of applications, linear dimensions of heterogeneous structure components are estimated for frozen solutions of stable radicals. DA - 1992/3// PY - 1992/3// DO - 10.1016/0022-2364(92)90233-w VL - 97 IS - 1 SP - 1-12 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0011431422&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ectopic ureter in horses AU - Blikslager, A.T. AU - Green, E.M. T2 - Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 14 SP - 802–807 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Challenging cases in internal medicine - Beagle polyarteritis AU - Sinclair, L. AU - Meurs, K.M. T2 - Veterinary Medicine DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 87 SP - 986–990 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sensory neuropathy in a Jack Russell terrier AU - Franklin, R. J. M. AU - Olby, N. J. AU - Targett, M. P. AU - Houlton, J. E. F. T2 - Journal of Small Animal Practice AB - ABSTRACT A six‐year‐old male Jack Russell terrier was referred for investigation of an abnormal hindlimb stance and unresolving lesion on the dorsum of the right hindfoot. Clinical examination revealed cutaneous sensory and proprioceptive deficits affecting predominantly the hindlimbs. However, no motor deficits were evident. A sensory abnormality was confirmed by histological examination of a biopsy of a lateral branch of the superficial peroneal nerve, which contained only a single myelinated fibre. The condition was diagnosed as a sensory neuropathy, a disorder previously unrecognised in this breed. DA - 1992/8// PY - 1992/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1992.tb01188.x VL - 33 IS - 8 SP - 402-404 J2 - J Small Animal Practice LA - en OP - SN - 0022-4510 1748-5827 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1992.tb01188.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Rearing Density and Feeder and Waterer Spaces on the Productivity and Fearful Behavior of Layers AU - Anderson, K.E. AU - Adams, A.W. T2 - Poultry Science AB - Two groups of White Leghorn pullets reared in cages were used to study the effects of rearing density and feeder and waterer spaces on their performance and fearful behavior. In Experiment 1, rearing densities of 221, 249, 277, and 304 cm2 per bird, 5.4 cm feeder space per bird, and a cup waterer to pullet ratio of 1:7 had no significant effect on 18-wk body weight, body weight uniformity, body weight gain, age at sexual maturity, feed consumption, and mortality rate during the laying period. In Experiment 2, pullets reared at a density of 193 versus 221 cm2 had lower (P<.001) 18-wk body weights but increased (P<.001) weight gain during the laying period. Pullets reared with 2.7 versus 5.4 cm of feeder space weighed less (P<.001) at 18 wk, but gained (P<.001) more weight and consumed more (P<.05) feed during the laying period. A cup waterer to pullet ratio of 1:14 versus 1:7 increased (P<.05) age at sexual maturity and body weight gain. Density had no consistent effect on egg production in either experiment. There were no carryover effects of rearing density in Experiment 1 or density, and feeder and waterer space in Experiment 2 on fearful behavior. Hens were more (P<.001) fearful at 34 wk of age (peak production) than at 54 wk of age (postpeak production). The negative effects associated with floor, feeder, and waterer spaces during the rearing period were transitory and did not persist into the production period. DA - 1992/1// PY - 1992/1// DO - 10.3382/ps.0710053 VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 53-58 J2 - Poultry Science LA - en OP - SN - 0032-5791 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0710053 DB - Crossref KW - DENSITY KW - FEEDER SPACE KW - WATERER SPACE KW - PULLETS KW - BEHAVIOR ER - TY - JOUR TI - Smooth nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation for population pharmacokinetics, with application to quinidine AU - Davidian, Marie AU - Gallant, A. Ronald T2 - Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics AB - The seminonparametric (SNP) method, popular in the econometrics literature, is proposed for use in population pharmacokinetic analysis. For data that can be described by the nonlinear mixed effects model, the method produces smooth nonparametric estimates of the entire random effects density and simultaneous estimates of fixed effects by maximum likelihood. A graphical model-building strategy based on the SNP method is described. The methods are illustrated by a population analysis of plasma levels in 136 patients undergoing oral quinidine therapy. DA - 1992/10// PY - 1992/10// DO - 10.1007/bf01061470 VL - 20 IS - 5 SP - 529-556 J2 - Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics LA - en OP - SN - 0090-466X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01061470 DB - Crossref KW - POPULATION PHARMACOKINETICS KW - NONLINEAR MIXED EFFECTS MODELS KW - DENSITY ESTIMATION KW - NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION KW - MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD KW - QUINIDINE ER - TY - JOUR TI - Isolation of Feline Herpesvirus 1 from the Trigeminal Ganglia of Acutely and Chronically Infected Cats AU - Nasisse, Mark P. AU - Davis, Barbara J. AU - Guy, James S. AU - Davidson, Michael G. AU - Sussman, Wendy T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV‐1) is one of the most common viral infections of domestic cats worldwide, estimated to cause 50% of all respiratory infections in this species. Feline herpesvirus 1 is also an important ocular pathogen of cats, causing conjunctivitis, epithelial and stromal keratitis, symblepharon formation, keratocon‐junctivitis sicca, and corneal sequestration. Despite the importance of this viral disease, major questions remain unanswered concerning the pathogenesis of its most important manifestation, the recrudescent infection. Although the taxonomic classification of FHV‐1 as an alpha herpesvirus implies the ability of FHV‐1 to establish neural latency, attempts at recovering the virus from the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected cats have typically yielded negative results. This failure has stimulated speculation that neural tissue is not an important site for latent FHV‐1. However, in the most successful of such studies, FHV‐1 was isolated from the trigeminal ganglia of 3 of 17 cats using an explant technique. In the present study, we describe the successful isolation of FHV‐1 from the trigeminal ganglia of cats using a similar tissue culture method. DA - 1992/3// PY - 1992/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1992.tb03159.x VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 102-103 LA - en OP - SN - 0891-6640 1939-1676 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1992.tb03159.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of influenza A nucleoprotein in lungs of turkeys with natural and experimental influenza respiratory disease AU - Swayne, D. E. AU - Ficken, M. D. AU - Guy, James S. T2 - Avian Pathology AB - Influenza A virus (H1N1) and several bacteria were recovered from lungs of turkey breeder hens during a respiratory disease outbreak. Influenza A nucleoprotein was detected in the pneumonic lung tissue within macrophages and, rarely, in atrial-lining epithelium. Inconsistent recovery of pathogenic bacteria suggested that death in some turkeys resulted from acute primary viral pneumonia. In an experimental study, the gross and histologic lesions confirmed the respiratory pathogenicity of the influenza virus. The presence of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic influenza A nucleoprotein within macrophages and atrial lining epithelium of the lung, respiratory epithelium of the trachea and hypertrophied epithelial cells of the airsacs verified influenza virus replication in the respiratory system. However, the absence of mortality may suggest that secondary factors, such as bacteria, may modify the disease in natural outbreaks. DA - 1992/12// PY - 1992/12// DO - 10.1080/03079459208418876 VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 547-557 J2 - Avian Pathology LA - en OP - SN - 0307-9457 1465-3338 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079459208418876 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantification of carnitine esters by high-performance liquid chromatography. Effect of feeding medium-chain triglycerides on the plasma carnitine ester profile AU - Kempen, T.A.T.G. AU - Odle, J. T2 - Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique was developed using commercially available derivatization reagents and commonly used reversed-phase HPLC column chemistry to analyze plasma samples for their carnitine ester content. The method proved to be sufficiently sensitive to determine changes in the carnitine ester profile in plasma resulting from metabolic disorders or metabolic insults. The method was tested using plasma samples obtained from pigs fed medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) of different chain lengths (four to seven carbons). The MCT feeding was associated with transient increases in plasma carnitine and carnitine esters, and feeding odd-chain MCT (tri-C5 or tri-C7) led to elevated levels of propionylcarnitine in plasma. DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// DO - 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80571-7 VL - 584 IS - 2 SP - 157-165 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026483753&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urinary taurine excretion as a function of taurine intake in adult cats AU - Glass, E.N. AU - Odle, J. AU - Baker, D.H. T2 - Journal of Nutrition DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 122 IS - 5 SP - 1135-1142 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026682738&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - BOOK TI - Urinary excretion of taurine as a function of taurine intake: Potential for estimating taurine bioavailability in the adult cat AU - Odle, Jack AU - Glass, Eric N. AU - Czarnecki-Maulden, Gail L. AU - Baker, David H. AB - Urinary taurine excretion increases markedly when excess taurine is consumed. Experiments were designed to characterize this response in an attempt to develop an assay system for taurine bioavailability in common cat foods using an adult cat model. Initial studies investigated the time course of changes in urinary taurine excretion in response to alterations in taurine intake. The rate of urinary taurine excretion decreased rapidly when cats were switched from a casein diet supplemented with 0.2% crystalline taurine to a diet containing no supplemental taurine, reaching steady-state in 2 d. In contrast, urinary taurine excretion by cats switched from low to high taurine did not plateau until 6 to 7 d. Subsequently, cats (n = 18) were fed a casein diet containing graded levels of crystalline taurine (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 or 0.20%). After a 7-d adjustment period, urinary taurine excretion was quantified over a 5-d collection period and also by cystocentesis, and blood taurine levels were measured on d 6. Plasma taurine increased linearly (r = 0.88) as taurine intake increased, while whole-blood taurine increased asymptotically, reaching 95% of maximum concentration at a taurine intake of 93 mu mole/(kg body weight.d). The rate of urinary taurine excretion increased only slightly as taurine intakes increased to 96 mu mol/(kg body weight.d), but increased markedly (15-fold) thereafter. The same pattern was observed whether urinary taurine excretion was expressed as mu mole/(kg body weight.d) from total urine collection or as mu mole/g creatinine from cystocentesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4615-3436-5_7 VL - 315 PB - Springer US SE - 55-62 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026633930&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of [1-14C]-medium-chain fatty acid oxidation by neonatal piglets using continuous-infusion radiotracer kinetic methodology AU - Odle, J. AU - Benevenga, N.J. AU - Crenshaw, T.D. T2 - Journal of Nutrition AB - In vivo oxidation rates of systemically infused medium-chain fatty acids were evaluated using neonatal pigs. Unanesthetized piglets (1.6 kg, n = 20) were housed in respiration chambers for total collection of expired CO2 and were continuously infused with [1-14C]-7:0, 8:0, 9:0 or 10:0 fatty acids via a central catheter. The fatty acids were administered at rates of 25, 50 or 100 μmol/min for 5 h and provided 74 kBq of 14C per h. Total expired CO2 was collected over consecutive 15-min intervals for determination of the amount and specific radioactivity of expired CO2. Portal blood samples were drawn from umbilical vein catheters for determination of 3-hydroxy-butyrate and plasma fatty acid concentrations. Infusion and oxidation rates (mmol/min) were multiplied by the molar ATP yield for each fatty acid (i.e., 52, 61, 69 and 78 mmol ATP/mmol fatty acid for 7:0 through 10:0, respectively) to adjust for differences in molar energy content of the various fatty acids. Expressed in this way, fatty acid oxidation rate was proportional to the rate of infusion and accounted for 63% of that infused. The various fatty acids were oxidized equally well, regardless of chain length, and satisfied up to 60 to 70% of the animals’ energy requirements, depending on the rate of infusion. These data are discussed in relation to previous work from our laboratory that has shown significant effects of fatty acid chain length on utilization of orally administered medium-chain triglyceride supplements. DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// DO - 10.1093/jn/122.11.2183 VL - 122 IS - 11 SP - 2183-2189 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026615215&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES KW - PIGLETS KW - FATTY ACID OXIDATION KW - NEWBORNS KW - PARENTERAL NUTRITION ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of measured carbon dioxide production with that obtained by the isotope dilution technique in neonatal pigs: Observations on site of infusion AU - Benevenga, N.J. AU - Odle, J. AU - Asche, G.L. T2 - Journal of Nutrition DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 122 IS - 11 SP - 2174-2182 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026499313&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urinary Tamm-Horsfall Glycoprotein Concentrations in Normal and Urolithiasis-Affected Male Cats Determined by an ELISA AU - Rhodes, D.C.J. AU - Hinsman, E.J. AU - Rhodes, J.A. AU - Hawkins, E.C. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A AB - Summary A precise and reproducible enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which measures urinary cat Tamm‐Horsfall glycoprotein (cTHP) was developed in order to investigate the possible role of cTHP in the pathogenesis of feline urolithiasis. Reproducible quantification required that the cTHP be disaggregated with 2M urea and 0.05% Tween 20. It was necessary to standardize rigidly the handling of the samples prior to analysis, since the apparent cTHP concentration varied depending on the preanalysis protocols. Using the sample handling protocol of freezing urine at −70 °C before dialysis, urinary cTHP was quantified in male cats with no history of urolithiasis (“normal” cats) and in male cats with a history of urolith formation (“urolithiasis” cats). The mean cTHP concentration in adult, male “normal” cats of 49.2 ± 35.5 μg/ml (N = 23) was significantly lower than the mean cTHP concentration of 95.4 ± 34.1 μg/ml (N = 9) in “urolithiasis” cats (p <0.01, Students' T‐test). These findings indicate a correlation between urolithiasis and high urine cTHP concentrations in male cats which warrants further investigation. DA - 1992/2/12/ PY - 1992/2/12/ DO - 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1992.tb00226.x VL - 39 IS - 1-10 SP - 621-634 LA - en OP - SN - 0931-184X 1439-0442 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1992.tb00226.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - EXCRETORY UROGRAPHY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BILATERAL ECTOPIC URETERS IN A FOAL AU - Blikslager, Anthony T. AU - Green, Eleanor M. AU - MacFadden, Karen E. AU - Fagin, Bennett AU - Johnson, Gayle C. T2 - Veterinary Radiology Ultrasound AB - A 7‐week‐old Appaloosa filly was admitted for persistent urinary incontinence since birth. Vaginal speculum examination revealed urine flowing from an opening in the right vaginal wall. Cystoscopy demonstrated that the ureters did not terminate at the bladder. The endoscope passed easily from the vagina directly into a dilated right ureter. An excretory urogram confirmed the vaginal termination of at least one ureter, based upon extensive filling of the vagina with contrast media in the absence of bladder filling. Bilateral hydroureter and dilated renal pelves were demonstrated both by excretory urography and by ultrasonography. Euthanasia was requested by the owner in lieu of attempted surgical correction. At necropsy, it was confirmed that the right ureter entered the vagina and the left ureter terminated at the urethra. The diagnosis of bilateral ectopic ureter in this foal was suggested by the history and clinical signs, supported by endoscopy and ultrasonography, and confirmed by excretory urography and necropsy. This case establishes the value of diagnostic imaging techniques in the antemortem diagnosis of ectopic ureter. DA - 1992/1// PY - 1992/1// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1992.tb01955.x VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 41-47 J2 - Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound LA - en OP - SN - 1058-8183 1740-8261 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1992.tb01955.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Orbital neoplasms in cats: 21 cases (1974-1990) AU - Gilger, B.C. AU - McLaughlin, S.A. AU - Whitley, R.D. AU - Wright, J.C. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 201 IS - 7 SP - 1083–1086 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pedunculated lipomas as a cause of intestinal obstruction in horses: 17 cases (1983-1990). T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 201 IS - 8 SP - 1249-1252 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027121071&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides as the cause of a subauricular abscess and mastitis in a goat AU - Blikslager, A.T. AU - Anderson, K.L. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 201 IS - 9 SP - 1404-1406 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027056779&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Excision of the distal sesamoid bone for treatment of infection of the digit in a heifer AU - Blikslager, A.T. AU - Baines, S.J. AU - Bowman, K.F. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 201 IS - 12 SP - 1905-1906 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027097511&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pemphigus Vulgaris Lacking Mucosal Involvement in a German Shepherd Dog: Possible Response to Heparin Therapy AU - OLIVRY, T. AU - IHRKE, P.J. AU - ATLEE, B.A. T2 - Veterinary Dermatology AB - Abstract— An 8 year old intact female German shepherd dog was presented with well demarcated symmetric facial erosions, ulcerations and crusting. Systemic illness was absent, and oral involvement occurred only late in the course of the disease. Skin biopsy specimens revealed suprabasal acantholysis primarily involving hair follicles and direct immunofluorescent testing showed intercellular deposition of IgG in the epidermis compatible with a diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris. The clinical signs in this dog were not adequately controlled by immune suppression. Therapy with heparin alone, or combined with prednisolone, appeared to induce a transient remission. Résumé— Une femelle Berger Allemand de 8 ans a été présentée pour des lésions faciales bien circonscrites de la face: érosions, ulcères et croutes. 11 n'y avait pas d'atteinte de l'état general et l'atteinte buccale n'est apparue qu'en fin d'évolution. L'examen de biopsies cutanées a révélé la presence d'une acantholyse suprabasale atteignant primitivement les follicules pileux et l'immunofluorescence directe un dépöt intercellulaire d'IgG au niveau de l'épiderme, compatibles avec un diagnostic de pemphigus vulgaire. Les symptómes n'ont pas pu être controlés avec une thérapeutique immunosuppressive. Un traitement à base d'héparine seule, ou associée à la prednisone, a permis d'obtenir une rémission transitoire. Zusammenfassung— Eine 8 Jahre alte, unkastrierte Deutsche Schäferhündin wurde mit gut abgegrenzten symmetrischen Erosionen, Ulzera und Verkrustungen im Gesichtsbereich vorgestellt. Systemische Krankheitssymptome fehlten, Veränderungen im Mundhöhlenbereich traten nur spat im Krankheitsverlauf auf. Hautbiopsieproacn zeigten eine suprabasale Akantholyse, die hauptsächlich die Haarfollikel betraf, die direktc immunfluoreszenzuntersuchung ergab cine interzelluläre Ablagerung von IgG in der Epidermis: Befunde, die mit der Diagnose Pemphigus vulgaris überenstimmen. Die klinischen Symptome bei diesem Hund konnten durch immunsuppression nicht adaquat kontrolliert werden. Eine Behandlung ausschlicßlich mit Heparin oder Heparin in Kombination mit Prednisolon schien eine vorübergchende Abheilung zu induzieren. Resumen Una hembra intacta pastor alemán de 8 años fué presentada con una erosión facial simétrica, úlceras y costras. El animal no sufría enfermedad sistémica y las lesiones orales ocurieron en el curso tardío de la enfermedad. La biopsia de la piel reveló acantolisis suprabasal localizada fundamentalmente en los folículos pilosos, y un test de inmunofluorescencia directa demonstró deposición intercelular de Tg G en la epidermis, compatible con la diagnosis de Pemphigus vulgaris. El cuadro clínico de este animal no se controló por medio de terapia inmunosupresiva. El tratamiento con heparina sola, o combinada con prednisolona produjo una remisión transitoria. DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3164.1992.tb00149.x VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 79-84 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84995151390&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The cell division cycle: a physiologically plausible dynamic model can exhibit chaotic solutions AU - Lloyd, David AU - Lloyd, Alun L. AU - Folke Olsen, Lars T2 - Biosystems AB - A mitotic oscillator with one slowly increasing variable (τL of the order of hours) and one rapidly increasing variable (τR of the order of minutes) modulated by a timer (ultradian clock) gives an auto-oscillating solution: cells divide when this relaxation oscillator reaches a critical threshold to initiate a rapid phase of the limit cycle. Increasing values of the velocity constant in the slow equation give quasiperiodic, chaotic and periodic solutions. Thus dispersed and quantized cell cycle times are consequences of a chaotic trajectory and have a purely deterministic basis. This model of the dispersion of cell cycle times contrasts with many previous ones in which cell cycle variability is a consequence of stochastic properties inherent in a sequence of many thousands of reactions or the random nature of a key transition step. DA - 1992/1// PY - 1992/1// DO - 10.1016/0303-2647(92)90043-x VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 17-24 J2 - Biosystems LA - en OP - SN - 0303-2647 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(92)90043-x DB - Crossref KW - CELL CYCLE DISPERSION KW - CHAOS KW - LIMIT CYCLE KW - QUANTAL CELL CYCLE KW - ULTRADIAN CLOCK ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diagnosis and Treatment of Lens Diseases AU - McLaughlin, Susan A. AU - Whitley, R. David AU - Gilger, Brian C. T2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice AB - Lens disorders are presented to familiarize veterinarians with various conditions causing lens malformation, malposition, or loss of transparency. Cataract formation represents the most common equine lens disorder recognized by veterinarians. Tips on cataract case evaluation, available surgical techniques for removal, perioperative treatment, and case follow-up after surgery are explained. DA - 1992/12// PY - 1992/12// DO - 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30442-x VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 575-585 J2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice LA - en OP - SN - 0749-0739 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30442-x DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Culture Conditions Affect Expression of the α6β4 Integrin Associated with Aggressive Behavior in Head and Neck Cancer AU - Carey, Thomas E. AU - Laurikainen, Leena AU - Ptok, Angelika AU - Reinke, Timothy AU - Linder, Keith AU - Nair, Thankam S. AU - Marcelo, Cynthia T2 - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology AB - Prevention of disease has always been more effective than treatment. Sanitation practices and vaccines have eliminated many of the most dreaded and lethal diseases of man and domestic animals. Cancer, a devastating disease caused by unregulated growth of genetically altered cells, is as daunting a challenge today as smallpox was in Edward Jenner’s time two centuries ago. Fortunately, we are on the threshold of a new era in biology. We can now examine growth-regulatory mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels, and we can begin to apply what we learn in new clinical and experimental systems. PY - 1992/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4615-3468-6_10 SP - 69-79 OP - PB - Springer US SN - 9781461365365 9781461534686 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3468-6_10 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Local composition model for square-well chains using the generalized Flory dimer theory AU - Bokis, Costas P. AU - Donohue, Marc D. AU - Hall, Carol K. T2 - The Journal of Physical Chemistry AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLocal composition model for square-well chains using the generalized Flory dimer theoryCostas P. Bokis, Marc D. Donohue, and Carol K. HallCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 26, 11004–11009Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/j100205a072RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (664 KB) Get e-Alerts DA - 1992/12// PY - 1992/12// DO - 10.1021/j100205a072 VL - 96 IS - 26 SP - 11004-11009 J2 - J. Phys. Chem. LA - en OP - SN - 0022-3654 1541-5740 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100205a072 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Monte Carlo calculation of the osmotic second virial coefficient of off-lattice athermal polymers AU - Yethiraj, Arun AU - Honnell, Kevin G. AU - Hall, Carol K. T2 - Macromolecules AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonte Carlo calculation of the osmotic second virial coefficient of off-lattice athermal polymersArun Yethiraj, Kevin G. Honnell, and Carol K. HallCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 15, 3979–3983Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00041a021Request reuse permissionsArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (660 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts DA - 1992/7// PY - 1992/7// DO - 10.1021/ma00041a021 VL - 25 IS - 15 SP - 3979-3983 J2 - Macromolecules LA - en OP - SN - 0024-9297 1520-5835 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00041a021 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interaction between colloids in solutions containing dissolved polymer AU - Yethiraj, Arun AU - Hall, Carol K AU - Dickman, Ronald T2 - Journal of Colloid and Interface Science AB - The effective interaction between colloids in solutions containing dissolved polymer is investigated using integral equations. The colloidal particles are modeled as hard spheres, the polymer molecules are modeled as freely jointed hard chains, and the solvent is treated as a continuum that doesn't interact with either the colloidal particles or the polymer molecules. The model therefore concentrates on excluded volume effects in these systems. It is found that at low polymer volume fractions, the effective intermolecular potential (or potential of mean force) between the colloidal particles is attractive, thus facilitating a phase separation or precipitation of the colloids. As the polymer volume fraction is increased, the strength of this attraction increases; but a repulsive interaction appears at larger separations, which resembles the double-layer repulsion between charged colloidal particles in an aqueous solution. The effects of varying polymer chain length, colloid particle size, and polymer volume fraction on the effective potential are also studied. DA - 1992/6// PY - 1992/6// DO - 10.1016/0021-9797(92)90241-d VL - 151 IS - 1 SP - 102-117 J2 - Journal of Colloid and Interface Science LA - en OP - SN - 0021-9797 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(92)90241-d DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Monte Carlo simulations and integral equation theory for microscopic correlations in polymeric fluids AU - Yethiraj, Arun AU - Hall, Carol K. T2 - The Journal of Chemical Physics AB - Monte Carlo simulations are performed for polymer chains modeled as pearl necklaces of freely jointed tangent hard spheres; chains composed of 20, 50, and 100 beads are studied at volume fractions ranging from 0.1 to 0.35. The mean-square end-to-end distance, the radius of gyration, and the intramolecular and intermolecular site–site distribution functions are monitored in the simulations. Various approximations for the intramolecular structure factor, ŵ(k), are tested. It is found that the ŵ(k) from the semi-flexible chain model is the most accurate. The polymer ‘‘reference interaction site model’’ (PRISM) theory of Curro and Schweizer is tested using both approximate and exact expressions for ŵ(k). It is found that, at the densities examined here, the theory is accurate for the local structure except near contact where it tends to overestimate the value of the intermolecular site–site distribution function, g(r). The polymer-RISM theory is also solved with the generalized mean spherical approximation (GMSA), which uses a Yukawa closure for the direct correlation function. The contact value of g(r), required in the GMSA, is obtained approximately, but accurately, via a perturbation expansion for a hypothetical fluid and the generalized Flory dimer equation of state. The GMSA theory results in improved predictions for g(r) when compared with the original polymer-RISM theory, but there are still some differences between theoretical predictions and simulation results near contact. DA - 1992/1// PY - 1992/1// DO - 10.1063/1.462465 VL - 96 IS - 1 SP - 797-807 J2 - The Journal of Chemical Physics LA - en OP - SN - 0021-9606 1089-7690 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462465 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Theory of precipitation of protein mixtures by nonionic polymer AU - Mahadevan, Hari AU - Hall, Carol K. T2 - AIChE Journal AB - Abstract A theory is developed to predict the solubility of protein mixtures in solutions containing nonionic polymer. Effective protein‐protein interactions due to polymer are taken to be volume‐exclusion potentials derived using statistical mechanics. Statistical‐mechanical perturbation theory is used to calculate chemical potentials. The effects of protein size, mole fraction and polymer concentration on solubility are explored. The theory is extended to include electrostatic interactions. The excess chemical potential of the proteins due to the charges on all species is calculated using the mean spherical approximation for a mixture of charged hard spheres. The theory predicts: the larger protein is preferentially precipitated over the smaller one; the more concentrated protein is more likely to precipitate; and increasing the charge of a particular protein reduces its ability to precipitate. DA - 1992/4// PY - 1992/4// DO - 10.1002/aic.690380411 VL - 38 IS - 4 SP - 573-591 J2 - AIChE J. LA - en OP - SN - 0001-1541 1547-5905 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380411 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Experimental analysis of protein precipitation by polyethylene glycol and comparison with theory AU - Mahadevan, Hari AU - Hall, Carol K. T2 - Fluid Phase Equilibria AB - Mahadevan H. and Hall. C.K., 1992. Experimental analysis of protein precipitation by polyethylene glycol and comparison with theory. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 78: 297-321. We have been attempting for some time to develop a fundamental theory of protein precipitation by non-ionic polymer, the goal being to predict protein solubilities as a function of various process parameters. As a supplement to these efforts, we present in this paper an experimental analysis of the solubility of three globular proteins, bovine serum albumin, catalase and thyroglobulin in solutions containing polyethylene glycol (PEG). These systems were chosen because they represent a wide range in protein sizes. The variation in the precipitation behavior is studied by systematically altering the polymer molecular weights, pH and ionic strength. Our aim is to isolate the effect of each of these process variables on protein solubility. Four different molecular weights of PEG are used. Solubility curves are generated at three different pHs and two ionic strengths for each protein-polymer pair. We verify the reported trends in solubility with both protein and polymer size, and pH and the ionic strength. We find also that the effect of the ionic strength is diminished as the pH approaches the isoelectric point. These results are in accord with the predictions of our theory. Finally, we compare the experimental data with theoretical predictions and find qualitative agreement. DA - 1992/10// PY - 1992/10// DO - 10.1016/0378-3812(92)87043-m VL - 78 SP - 297-321 J2 - Fluid Phase Equilibria LA - en OP - SN - 0378-3812 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(92)87043-m DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrostatic effects on protein partitioning: simultaneous effect of pH and polymer molecular weight AU - Forciniti, D. AU - Hall, C.K. AU - Kula, M.-R. T2 - Chemical Engineering Science AB - The partition coefficients of lysozyme, chymotrypsinogen A, albumin and catalase in 64 polyethyleneglycol/dextran systems are reported. The measurements were performed at four pHs for each protein. The simultaneous effect of pH changes and polymer molecular weight and concentration on the partition coefficient of each protein is analyzed. The partition coefficient of lysozyme (IP = 10.5) has a minimum value at its isoelectric point and it takes its maximum value at acidic pHs. We observe a change in the aggregational state of lysozyme when the pH is shifted from the acidic to the alkaline ranges. The partition coefficient of chymotrypsinogen A (IP = 9.5) has a minimum at pH 5.6 and increases towards more alkaline or acidic pHs. The partition coefficient of albumin (IP = 4.6) takes its minimum value at pH 5.6. The partition coefficient of catalase (IP = 5.6) takes its maximum value at pH 5.6. The effect of the pH on the partition coefficient of lysozyme and chymotrypsinogen A at high polymer concentrations is larger than at low total polymer concentrations but the effect of the pH on the partition coefficient of albumin and catalase at high polymer concentrations is smaller than at low polymer concentrations. We find that the partition coefficient of the four proteins studied becomes less sensitive to changes in the pH at high PEG molecular weights. Close to the isoelectric point the partition coefficient is less sensitive to changes in the molecular weight of the polymers than at conditions far from the isoelectric point. DA - 1992/1// PY - 1992/1// DO - 10.1016/0009-2509(92)80210-4 VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 165-175 J2 - Chemical Engineering Science LA - en OP - SN - 0009-2509 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(92)80210-4 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Familiarizing yourself with the ornamental fish industry AU - Lewbart, G.A. T2 - Journal of Small Exotic Animal Medicine DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 29–34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Basic diagnostic procedures for tropical fish AU - Lewbart, G.A. T2 - Journal of Small Exotic Animal Medicine DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 1 IS - 4 SP - 182–187 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Protozoal diseases of tropical fishes AU - Lewbart, G.A. T2 - Journal of Small Exotic Animal Medicine DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 121–127 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SPONTANEOUS HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AND ARTERIAL LESIONS IN MICE LACKING APOLIPOPROTEIN-E AU - ZHANG, SH AU - REDDICK, RL AU - PIEDRAHITA, JA AU - MAEDA, N T2 - SCIENCE AB - Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a ligand for receptors that clear remnants of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins. Lack of apoE is, therefore, expected to cause accumulation in plasma of cholesterol-rich remnants whose prolonged circulation should be atherogenic. ApoE-deficient mice generated by gene targeting were used to test this hypothesis and to make a mouse model for spontaneous atherosclerosis. The mutant mice had five times normal plasma cholesterol, and developed foam cell-rich depositions in their proximal aortas by age 3 months. These spontaneous lesions progressed and caused severe occlusion of the coronary artery ostium by 8 months. The severe yet viable phenotype of the mutants should make them valuable for investigating genetic and environmental factors that modify the atherogenic process. DA - 1992/10/16/ PY - 1992/10/16/ DO - 10.1126/science.1411543 VL - 258 IS - 5081 SP - 468-471 SN - 1095-9203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PRODUCTION OF CHIMERIC HAMSTERS BY AGGREGATION OF 8-CELL EMBRYOS AU - PIEDRAHITA, JA AU - GILLESPIE, L AU - MAEDA, N T2 - BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION AB - Chimeric animals were produced by aggregation of 8-cell-stage embryos from two strains of hamsters (LVG and Bio 1.5). Two series of experiments were performed. In the first series, embryo pairs in contact with each other were classified as aggregates even if 2 distinct embryos could still be distinguished. Of 88 aggregates transferred, 2 chimeras were obtained. Pregnancy rate was 25%, and embryo survival was 35%. In the second set of experiments, only embryo pairs that had coalesced to form a single giant blastocyst were classified as aggregates. Of 56 aggregates transferred, 6 chimeras were obtained. Pregnancy rate was 83%, and embryo survival was 30%. Of the 8 chimeras, 6 were phenotypic males, and 2 were phenotypic females. Both females were germ line chimeras. Of the 6 males, 4 reproduced normally, 1 had abnormal external genitalia but normal spermatogenesis, and 1 was sterile and had atrophic testes. Each of the fertile males transmitted only a single component, either the LVG or the Bio 1.5. Examination of the testes from the sterile chimera revealed that in excess of 80% of the seminiferous cords were devoid of germ cells. These results demonstrate that hamster chimeras can be obtained by aggregation of 8-cell-stage embryos. DA - 1992/9// PY - 1992/9// DO - 10.1095/biolreprod47.3.347 VL - 47 IS - 3 SP - 347-354 SN - 0006-3363 ER - TY - JOUR TI - GENERATION OF MICE CARRYING A MUTANT APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENE INACTIVATED BY GENE TARGETING IN EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS AU - PIEDRAHITA, JA AU - ZHANG, SH AU - HAGAMAN, , JR AU - OLIVER, PM AU - MAEDA, N T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - We have inactivated the endogenous apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene by using gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Two targeting plasmids were used, pJPB63 and pNMC109, both containing a neomycin-resistance gene that replaces a part of the apoE gene and disrupts its structure. ES cell colonies targeted after electroporation with plasmid pJPB63 were identified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by genomic Southern analysis. Of 648 G418-resistant colonies analyzed, 9 gave a positive signal after PCR amplification, and 5 of them were confirmed as targeted by Southern blot analysis. The second plasmid, pNMC109, contains the negatively selectable thymidine kinase gene in addition to the neomycin-resistance gene. After electroporation with this plasmid, 177 colonies resistant both to G418 and ganciclovir were analyzed; 39 contained a disrupted apoE gene as determined by Southern blotting. Chimeric mice were generated by blastocyst injection with 6 of the targeted lines. One of the lines gave strong chimeras, three of which transmitted the disrupted apoE gene to their progeny. Mice homozygous for the disrupted gene were produced from the heterozygotes; they appear healthy, even though they have no apolipoprotein E in their plasma. DA - 1992/5/15/ PY - 1992/5/15/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.89.10.4471 VL - 89 IS - 10 SP - 4471-4475 SN - 0027-8424 KW - HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION KW - ATHEROSCLEROSIS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synergistic uveitic effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta AU - Fleisher, L. N. AU - Ferrell, J. B. AU - McGahan, M. C. T2 - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 33 SP - 2120-2127 ER - TY - JOUR TI - DOES THE LENS SERVE AS A SINK FOR IRON DURING OCULAR INFLAMMATION AU - MCGAHAN, MC T2 - EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH AB - Twenty-four hours after induction of ocular inflammation by intravitreal injection of endotoxin (10 ng), the intraocular fluid (IOF, aqueous and vitreous humors) concentration of iron (Fe) increased. This was presumably due to entry of the plasma Fe-binding protein, transferrin, into the IOFs through disrupted blood ocular barriers. After 1 day of inflammation the Fe concentration in lenses from the inflamed eye was 60% greater than that measured in contralateral control lenses. By day 15, lens Fe concentration had returned to levels of the contralateral control lenses. There was a distinct relationship between the dose of endotoxin used and the amount of Fe accumulated by the lens. The Fe concentration in lenses from eyes injected with 100 ng endotoxin was 0·376±0·027 μg g−1 wet weight compared to 0·214±0·014 μg g−1 in lenses from eyes injected with 0·25 ng endotoxin. In a previous study, copper (Cu) concentration in the IOFs was elevated to the same extent as Fe in response to intravitreal injection of endotoxin. However, in the present study, lenticular Cu concentration was unaltered at the highest (100 ng) dose of endotoxin. Since the increase in lens uptake was selective for Fe, there may be a specific Fe uptake mechanism in this ocular tissue. The physiological reasons for and possible pathological consequences of such a process are discussed. DA - 1992/4// PY - 1992/4// DO - 10.1016/0014-4835(92)90131-B VL - 54 IS - 4 SP - 525-530 SN - 0014-4835 KW - IRON KW - CRYSTALLINE LENS KW - OCULAR INFLAMMATION KW - TRANSFERRIN ER - TY - JOUR TI - CELLULAR-RESPONSE TO INTRAVITREAL INJECTION OF ENDOTOXIN AND XANTHINE-OXIDASE IN RABBITS AU - MCGAHAN, MC AU - FLEISHER, LN T2 - GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY DA - 1992/8// PY - 1992/8// DO - 10.1007/BF00175935 VL - 230 IS - 5 SP - 463-467 SN - 0721-832X ER - TY - JOUR TI - QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF THE THERMAL DOSE-MODIFYING FACTOR FOR CIS-DIAMMINEDICHLOROPLATINUM (CDDP) IN TUMOR-BEARING DOGS AU - PAGE, RL AU - THRALL, DE AU - GEORGE, SL AU - PRICE, GS AU - HEIDNER, GL AU - MCENTEE, MC AU - NOVOTNEY, CA AU - HAUCK, ML AU - DEWHIRST, MW T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYPERTHERMIA AB - A statistical method for estimating clinical toxicity was used to determine a theoretical isoeffect dose-modifying factor for dogs with disseminated or refractory neoplasia treated with cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (II) plus whole-body hyperthermia or CDDP alone. CDDP was administered every 3 weeks with vigorous saline hydration to 54 dogs (CDDP alone n = 21, CDDP/WBH n = 33) that were eligible for entry into this non-randomized study. CDDP was administered during the plateau phase of WBH in dogs receiving combined therapy. Acute toxicity included myelosuppression (CDDP n = 7; CDDP/WBH n = 5), nephrotoxicity (CDDP n = 1, CDDP/WBH n = 1) and respiratory distress (CDDP/WBH n = 2). Eight dogs experienced chronic renal dysfunction as a result of CDDP (n = 2) or CDDP/WBH (n = 6). A theoretical thermal dose-modifying factor was determined for both acute and cumulative toxicity by comparing the maximum tolerated dose of each treatment group. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of CDDP +/- WBH was defined as that dose producing a 50% incidence of moderate acute toxicity or acute plus mild chronic toxicity as estimated from logistic regression analysis of the toxicity data. The MTD (+/- .standard error) of CDDP/WBH for acute toxicity only was 54.6 (4.3) mg/M2 and for CDDP alone the MTD was 73.6 (40) mg/M2. Thus, the isoeffect dose-modifying factor for acute toxicity was 1.35 (0.12). The MTD (SE) of CDDP/WBH for cumulative toxicity (acute plus chronic toxicity) was 46.4 (2.7) mg/M2 and for CDDP alone waas 70.0 (2.9) mg/M2. The isoeffect dose-modifying factor for total cumulative toxicity was 1.5 (0.1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// DO - 10.3109/02656739209005024 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - 761-769 SN - 0265-6736 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of copper loading and depletion on rabbit superoxide dismutase activity AU - Ferrell, J. B. AU - Fleisher, L. N. AU - Smith, M. G. AU - McGahan, M. C. T2 - Trace Elements in Medicine DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 9 SP - 55-58 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Haplospordium nelsoni (MSX) in eastern oyster populations of North Carolina AU - Morrison, N. M. AU - Marshall, M. D. AU - Dykstra, M. J. AU - Levine, Jay T2 - Journal of Aquatic Animal Health AB - Populations of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica from 36 locations off the coast of North Carolina were examined cytologically in the fall of 1989 for Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). The pathogen was found in oysters from 11 (31%) of the sites. Systemic Perkinsus marinus infections were noted in oysters from 26 (72%) of the locations. DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// DO - 10.1577/1548-8667(1992)004<0203:hnmieo>2.3.co;2 VL - 4 SP - 203–206 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS AND FATALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF DOXYCYCLINE TO HORSES AND PONIES AU - RIOND, JL AU - RIVIERE, JE AU - DUCKETT, WM AU - ATKINS, CE AU - JERNIGAN, AD AU - RIKIHISA, Y AU - SPURLOCK, SL T2 - EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL AB - Intravenous use of doxycycline in horses is associated with deleterious side effects on the cardiovascular system which may result in fatalities. At dosages and infusion rates used in these studies, supraventricular tachycardia, systemic arterial hypertension, clinical signs of discomfort, collapse and death were observed. Results of the present study suggest that the intravenous use of doxycycline should be avoided in horses. DA - 1992/1// PY - 1992/1// DO - 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02777.x VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 41-45 SN - 0425-1644 ER - TY - JOUR TI - RELEASE OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES BY GUINEA-PIG TRACHEAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS INVITRO AU - KINNULA, VL AU - ADLER, KB AU - ACKLEY, NJ AU - CRAPO, JD T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AB - Regulatory and stimulatory mechanisms of H2O2 release from guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells were investigated. Cells in primary culture maintained in a previously described air-liquid interface system released H2O2 to the extracellular space only from the apical side of the cells. The rate of release was 0.044 +/- 0.003 nmol.min-1.mg protein-1. H2O2 release could be stimulated significantly during a 30-min incubation period with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and platelet-activating factor (PAF). A stimulatory effect of PAF was achieved at concentrations greater than 100 nM and with PMA at concentrations greater than 10 ng (16 nM). When protein kinase C was inactivated with staurosporine, the responses to both PAF and PMA were abolished, whereas the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, did not affect H2O2 generation. When guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells were exposed to sublethal concentrations of extracellular H2O2 (30 microM), H2O2 was detoxified from both apical and basal sides, H2O2 removal being significantly more rapid from the apical side of the cells. These results suggest that tracheal epithelial cells can be stimulated to generate reactive oxygen species into the airway lumen and that this occurs in response to inflammatory mediators that act through protein kinase C. Luminal H2O2 release may have developed as a defense mechanism against microbes, and, similarly, luminal detoxification of H2O2 could represent an important mechanism of modulation of airway inflammation in response to oxidant stress. DA - 1992/6// PY - 1992/6// DO - 10.1152/ajplung.1992.262.6.l708 VL - 262 IS - 6 SP - L708-L712 SN - 0002-9513 KW - HYDROGEN PEROXIDE KW - PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR KW - AIRWAY EPITHELIUM ER - TY - JOUR TI - PLATELET-ACTIVATING-FACTOR PROVOKES RELEASE OF MUCIN-LIKE GLYCOPROTEINS FROM GUINEA-PIG RESPIRATORY EPITHELIAL-CELLS VIA A LIPOXYGENASE-DEPENDENT MECHANISM AU - ADLER, KB AU - AKLEY, NJ AU - GLASGOW, WC T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AB - Primary cultures of guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells maintained in an air/liquid interface system that maintains differentiated characteristics were grown to near confluence and exposed for 1 h to platelet-activating factor (PAF) on both apical and basal sides. PAF provoked release of high-molecular-weight mucin-like glycoproteins (MLG) from the cells, with maximal stimulation occurring at 10−8 and 10−9 M. The inactive form of PAF, lyso-PAF, was without effect. Indomethacin, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not affect secretion stimulated by PAF, but nordihydroguiaretic acid (NDGA), a mixed cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor, attenuated secretion stimulated by PAF in a concentration-dependent manner. High performance liquid chromatography assay of the culture medium after addition of PAF revealed increased production of 15-, 12-, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (15-, 12-, and 5-HETEs). The stimulatory effect of PAF on both mucin secretion and formation of HETEs was inhibited by the PAF receptor antagonists, CV-3988 and Ro 19 3704, with Ro 19 3704 acting at a concentration 10-fold lower than CV-3988 in inhibiting both effects. When added exogenously to the cell cultures, the combination of 5-, 12-, and 15-HETEs stimulated MLG release in a concentration-dependent manner. The results suggest that PAF stimulates release of MLG by guinea pig airway epithelium in vitro by a mechanism involving binding of PAF to receptors on epithelial cell surfaces, stimulation of lipoxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid to HETEs within the epithelium, and stimulation of secretion by these epithelial-derived HETEs via an autocrine or paracrine mechanism. DA - 1992/5// PY - 1992/5// DO - 10.1165/ajrcmb/6.5.550 VL - 6 IS - 5 SP - 550-556 SN - 1044-1549 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AIRWAY EPITHELIUM AND MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION AU - COHN, LA AU - ADLER, KB T2 - EXPERIMENTAL LUNG RESEARCH AB - Epithelial cells lining the respiratory airways classically are considered to be "target" cells, responding to exposure to a variety of inflammatory mediators by altering one or several of their functions, such as mucin secretion, ion transport, or ciliary beating. Specific responses of epithelial cells in vivo or in vitro to many of these inflammatory mediators are discussed. Recent studies have indicated that airway epithelial cells also can act as "effector" cells, responding to a variety of exogenous and/or endogenous stimuli by generating and releasing additional mediators of inflammation, such as eicosanoids, reactive oxygen species, and cytokines. Many of these epithelial-derived substances can diffuse away and affect neighboring cells and tissues, or can act, via autocrine or paracrine mechanisms, to affect structure and function of epithelial cells themselves. Studies dealing with airway epithelium as a source of inflammatory mediators and related compounds also are discussed. DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// DO - 10.3109/01902149209031687 VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 299-322 SN - 0190-2148 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AND THE GENERATION AND RELEASE OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES BY AIRWAY EPITHELIUM INVITRO AU - ADLER, KB AU - KINNULA, VL AU - AKLEY, N AU - LEE, JW AU - COHN, LA AU - CRAPO, JD T2 - CHEST AB - Epithelial cells lining the respiratory airways represent the first cells with which inhaled inorganic particulates and microbes come into contact upon inhalation, yet surprisingly, little is known about interactions between these substances and epithelial cells. Most studies of such interactions relate to airway epithelial response as a classical “target” type of cell, responding to exogenous stimuli or related local inflammatory reactions by altering one or more facets of epithelial function, such as mucin secretion, ion transport, and ciliary beating. 1 Phipps RJ Denas SM Sielczak MW Wanner A. Effects of 0.5 ppm ozone on glycoprotein secretion, ion, and water fluxes in sheep trachea. J Appl Physiol. 1986; 60: 918-927 PubMed Google Scholar DA - 1992/3// PY - 1992/3// DO - 10.1378/chest.101.3_supplement.53s VL - 101 IS - 3 SP - S53-S54 SN - 0012-3692 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ozone increases platelet activating factor and activates phospholipases (PLA2 and PLC) in primary guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells (GPTE). AU - Friedman, M. AU - Wright, D. T. AU - Dailey, L. A. AU - Akley, N. J. AU - Devlin, R. B. AU - Adler, K. B. T2 - American Review of Respiratory Disease DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 145 SP - A99 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells in primary air/liquid interface culture scavenge H2O2 via a mechanism only partially dependent on catalase and the glutathione system. AU - Adler, K. B. AU - Cohn, L. A. T2 - FASEB Journal DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 6 SP - A939 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Airway epithelial cells release factor(s) that stimulate proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells in vitro. AU - Rippetoe, P. E. AU - Absher, M. AU - Makrides, W. AU - Adler, K. B. AU - Evans, J. N. T2 - Molecular Biology of the Cell DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 3 SP - 175a ER - TY - JOUR TI - Attempted Mechanical Transfer of Ehrlichia risticii by Tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) AU - Levine, Jay F. AU - Levy, Michael G. AU - Nicholson, William L. AU - Irby, William S. AU - Gager, Robin AU - Apperson, Charles S. T2 - Journal of Medical Entomology AB - Journal Article Attempted Mechanical Transfer of Ehrlichia risticii by Tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) Get access Jay F. Levine, Jay F. Levine Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael G. Levy, Michael G. Levy Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William L. Nicholson, William L. Nicholson Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William S. Irby, William S. Irby Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robin Gager, Robin Gager Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles S. Apperson Charles S. Apperson 1 Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606 1Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 29, Issue 5, 1 September 1992, Pages 806–812, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/29.5.806 Published: 01 September 1992 Article history Received: 02 December 1991 Accepted: 06 April 1992 Published: 01 September 1992 DA - 1992/9/1/ PY - 1992/9/1/ DO - 10.1093/jmedent/29.5.806 VL - 29 IS - 5 SP - 806-812 LA - en OP - SN - 1938-2928 0022-2585 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/29.5.806 DB - Crossref KW - INSECTA KW - TABANIDAE KW - EHRLICHIA-RISTICII KW - MECHANICAL TRANSFER ER - TY - JOUR TI - AN OUTBREAK OF MYCOPLASMA-SYNOVIAE INFECTION IN NORTH-CAROLINA TURKEYS - COMPARISON OF ISOLATES BY SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS AND RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS AU - LEY, DH AU - AVAKIAN, AP T2 - AVIAN DISEASES AB - Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) isolates made in 1988-89 from turkey flocks in North Carolina, Missouri, and Ontario, Canada, were compared with each other and MS reference strains (WVU-1853, F10-2AS, Neb-3S, and K1968) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of cell proteins and restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of DNA. SDS-PAGE and REA indicated considerable homology among MS reference strains and recent field isolates. However, sufficient differences were resolved to identify the MS reference strains as different from each other and the field isolates, and to classify seven of nine recent field isolates as a cluster of nearly identical strains. The results suggest that flocks infected with members of the cluster were epizootiologically associated, possibly by a common or point source of infection. DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// DO - 10.2307/1591763 VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 672-678 SN - 1938-4351 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE M RNA OF IMPATIENS NECROTIC SPOT TOSPOVIRUS (BUNYAVIRIDAE) HAS AN AMBISENSE GENOMIC ORGANIZATION AU - LAW, MD AU - SPECK, J AU - MOYER, JW T2 - VIROLOGY AB - The nucleotide sequence of Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) M RNA was determined from cDNA clones. The INSV M RNA was 4972 nucleotides in length with two open reading frames (ORFs) in an ambisense genomic organization. The larger ORF near the 3' end of the viral RNA, coding for a protein with a predicted molecular weight of 124.9 kDa, was in the viral complementary sense and produced the G2 and G1 proteins. A smaller ORF in the viral sense was capable of coding for a 34.1-kDa polypeptide, designated the NSm protein. Two subgenomic RNA species were detected in INSV-infected tissue that corresponded to the predicted sizes (3.3 and 1.0 kb) of the G2-G1 and NSm mRNAs. The ORFs were separated by a 478 nucleotide A-U-rich intergenic region similar to the regions found in other viral RNAs with ambisense ORFs. The intergenic region was predicted to form a stable stem-loop structure (-81.2 kcal/mole). The ambisense genomic organization is characteristic of the S RNA for members of the Phlebovirus, Uukuvirus, and Tospovirus genera in the Bunyaviridae family. This is the first report of an ambisense Bunyaviridae M RNA. DA - 1992/6// PY - 1992/6// DO - 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90528-W VL - 188 IS - 2 SP - 732-741 SN - 0042-6822 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT INVITRO TO THE BLASTOCYST STAGE IN CATTLE, PIGS AND SHEEP AU - PETTERS, RM T2 - ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE AB - Schemes for the in vitro production of embryos as well as embryo manipulations such as nuclear transfer (cloning) and gene transfer require the ability to culture embryos from the zygote to the blastocyst stage in vitro while maintaining embryo viability. For cattle, pig or sheep embryos, significant problems have been encountered in achieving development to the blastocyst stage due to ‘in vitro development blocks’. These blocks can be overcome now, either with complex solutions such as co-culture with other cells or with simple solutions like minor modifications of the culture medium. Some data indicate significant differences between in vitro cultured and in vivo embryos which may account for differences in survival after embryo transfer. Even so, success of embryo culture is high enough to warrant considerable optimism about further improvements in the efficiency of many embryo technologies. DA - 1992/7// PY - 1992/7// DO - 10.1016/0378-4320(92)90128-Z VL - 28 IS - 1-4 SP - 415-421 SN - 0378-4320 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cobalamin deficiency associated with methylmalonic acidemia in a cat AU - Vaden, S. L. AU - Wood, P. A. AU - Ledley, F. D. AU - Cornwell, P. E. AU - Miller, R. T. AU - Page, R. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 200 IS - 8 SP - 1101 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE USE OF M-MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN DETERMINING CARDIAC-OUTPUT IN DOGS WITH NORMAL, LOW, AND HIGH OUTPUT STATES - COMPARISON TO THERMODILUTION METHOD AU - ATKINS, CE AU - CURTIS, MB AU - MCGUIRK, SM AU - KITTLESON, MD AU - SATO, T AU - SNYDER, PS T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - The utility of M‐mode echocardiographic determination of left ventricular volume and cardiac output was evaluated by comparing four commonly used formulae for ventricular volume, derived from end‐systolic (ESD) and end‐diastolic (EDD) ventricular dimensions. Cardiac index (CI) was calculated by the following formulae, where HR = heart rate and BSA = body surface area (M 2 ): 1. (EDD 3 ‐ ESD 3 ) * HR/BSA; 2. (0.85 * EDD 3 ‐ 1.2 *ESD 3 ) * HR/BSA; 3. (EDD 3.16 ‐ ESD 3.16 ) * HR/BSA; and 4. {[7/(2.4 + EDD)] * [EDD 3 ] ‐ [7/(2.4 + ESD)] * [ESD 3 )}* HR/BSA. Cardiac index, obtained invasively by thermodilution, was compared to values determined echocardiographically in normal dogs (Group 1) and in three states of altered cardiac function: after positive inotropic stimulation with graded doses (0,5,10, and 15 μg/kg/min) of intravenous dobutamine (Group 2); with experimentally induced heartworm disease (Group 3); and with spontaneous dilated cardiomyopathy (Group 4). Cardiac index, determined echocardiographically, was plotted against CI, determined with thermodilution, and regression equations calculated. In Group 1 (n = 15), a significant relationship ( P < 0.01) was observed with each of the four formulae (r 2 = 0.54‐0.68), however, individual estimates of CI were often inaccurate. With inotropic stimulation (Group 2;3 normal dogs, n = 12 data points), the relationship was significant ( P < 0.05), but the coefficients of determination were less than in the unstimulated normal dogs (r 2 = 0.41‐0.47). No significant relationship was seen between CI, determined echocardiographically and CI, determined by thermodilution, when overt cardiac disease was present (Groups 3 and 4; n = 7 and 13, r 2 = 0.13‐0.21, respectively). Specific formulae were evaluated for accuracy by comparing their coefficients of determination and their ability to predict mean and individual measured CI. Using the paired Student's t ‐test, CI determined noninvasively were shown to differ significantly ( P < 0.05) between methods and between formulae in many instances. No one formula was found to be consistently more accurate than the others. We conclude that, in normal dogs, while echocardiographic estimation of CI is significantly related to CI measured with thermodilution, individual variation diminishes clinical utility. However, this noninvasive technique should prove useful in comparing populations with minimal or no cardiac dysfunction. Secondly, the relationship is diminished, but not lost, after inotropic stimulation. M‐mode echocardiographic estimation of CI offers little promise for accurate assessment of cardiac performance in cardiac disease states. Lastly, although none of the four formulae for CI compared herein were found to be consistently superior to the other three, formulae 3 and 4 appear to be most useful in estimating CI in normal dogs. DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1992.tb00147.x VL - 33 IS - 5 SP - 297-304 SN - 1058-8183 KW - CARDIAC OUTPUT KW - ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY KW - DOBUTAMINE KW - HEART DISEASE KW - HEARTWORMS KW - DILATED CARDIOGRAPHY ER - TY - JOUR TI - RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS LARYNGOTRACHEITIS USING A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED IMMUNOPEROXIDASE PROCEDURE AU - GUY, JS AU - BARNES, HJ AU - SMITH, LG T2 - AVIAN PATHOLOGY AB - Summary An indirect immunoperoxidase (IP) procedure using monoclonal antibody was developed for detection of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus antigen in frozen tissue sections. This IP procedure was compared with an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (FA) procedure, histo‐pathology and virus isolation for detection of ILT virus in tracheas of experimentally infected chickens. Compared with virus isolation, sensitivity and specificity of IP were 72 and 93%, respectively; sensitivity and specificity of FA were 53 and 90%, respectively. Histopathological detection of ILT virus infection was highly specific (98%), but sensitivity was poor (42%). These findings indicate potential usefulness of the IP procedure for ILT diagnosis. DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// DO - 10.1080/03079459208418820 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 77-86 SN - 0307-9457 ER - TY - JOUR TI - POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHIL LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION IN CLINICAL BOVINE PATIENTS AND IN COWS WITH OR WITHOUT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS MASTITIS AU - ANDERSON, KL AU - SMITH, LA AU - DEGRAVES, FJ AU - HUNT, E AU - FLEMING, SA T2 - VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS DA - 1992/4// PY - 1992/4// DO - 10.1007/BF01839007 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 107-115 SN - 0165-7380 KW - CATTLE KW - PHAGOCYTOSIS KW - POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE KW - STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Immunoproliferative enteropathy of Basenjis AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. T2 - Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (small Animal) DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 153 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Episodic weakness associated with exertional lactic acidosis and myopathy in old English Sheepdog littermates AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. AU - Kornegay, J. N. AU - Wheeler, S. J. AU - Stevens, J. B. AU - Baty, C. J. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 201 IS - 5 SP - 731 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of dietary protein source on Basenjis with immunoproliferative enteropathy AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. AU - Hirakawa, D. A. AU - Hurlbert, S. A. AU - Gerig, T. M. AU - Babineau, C. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 234 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EVIDENCE FOR THE COPEPODS ACANTHOCYCLOPS-ROBUSTUS AND MESOCYCLOPS-EDAX AS COMPETENT INTERMEDIATE HOSTS FOR COELOMOMYCES-PUNCTATUS DURING AN EPIZOOTIC IN A LARVAL POPULATION OF THE MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS AU - APPERSON, CS AU - FEDERICI, BA AU - STEWART, W AU - TARVER, FR T2 - JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY AB - Field and laboratory experiments were conducted during an epizootic of Coelomomyces punctatus (Chytridiomycetes: Blastocladiales) in a population of the mosquito Anopheles quadrimaculatus in a North Carolina farm pond to examine the interactions of several potential copepod hosts with the mosquito and fungus. The diel vertical migratory behavior of the copepod species Acanthocyclops robustus, Eucyclops serrulatus, Macrocyclops albidus, and Mesocyclops edax were monitored in relation to infection rates in sentinel mosquito larvae. Mosquito infection occurred primarily around dusk, the same period during which A. robustus and E. serrulatus were most abundant near the surface of the pond. However, exposure of A. robustus, E. serrulatus, M. albidus, M. edax, Microcyclops varicans, and Paracyclops poppei to fungal meiospores in the laboratory showed that only A. robustus and M. edax were competent intermediate hosts for C. punctatus. Laboratory studies of the diel periodicity of gametangial dehiscence in A. robustus and M. edax infected with C. punctatus revealed that gamete release and zygote formation also occurred around dusk. The combined results of the laboratory and field studies on copepod abundance, susceptibility to infection, and periodicity of gametangial dehiscence suggest that A. robustus was the principal intermediate host for C. punctatus during the epizootic, though it is probable that M. edax also contributed importantly to the overall rate of larval infection. DA - 1992/11// PY - 1992/11// DO - 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90003-M VL - 60 IS - 3 SP - 229-236 SN - 1096-0805 KW - COELOMOMYCES-PUNCTATUS KW - COELOMOMYCETACEAE KW - ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS KW - CULICIDAE KW - COPEPODS KW - GAMETANGIAL DEHISCENCE KW - DIEL PERIODICITY ER - TY - JOUR TI - BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED WITH AN EPIZOOTIC OF COELOMOMYCES-PUNCTATUS IN A LARVAL POPULATION OF THE MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS AU - APPERSON, CS AU - FEDERICI, BA AU - TARVER, FR AU - STEWART, W T2 - JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY AB - Biotic and abiotic parameters associated with an epizootic of the fungus Coelomomyces punctatus in larval populations of the mosquito Anopheles quadrimaculatus were investigated for three mosquito breeding seasons (1986–1988) in two adjacent farm ponds in North Carolina. In the first pond, the prevalence of infected larvae averaged 42% (range 0–85%) for collections made weekly from May 1 to November 20, 1986, but larvae did not occur in this pond in 1987. Infection rates in the adjacent pond, sampled during the mosquito breeding seasons of 1987 and 1988, declined from 10.9% (range 0–27.5%) in 1987 to 2.5% (range 0–14.2%) in 1988. Correlation analyses between the number of female copepods and fungal infection rates in sentinel mosquitoes were significant (P < 0.01) for Acanthocyclops robustus but insignificant for eight other species. Infections obtained in sentinel larvae placed in the ponds for 3 hr intervals indicated that C. punctatus infected larvae around sundown. Infection rates for field-collected larvae increased with the stage of larval development. However, experiments with sentinel larvae showed that early instars were more susceptible to infection than later instars, suggesting that the higher infection rates in late instars resulted from individual larvae being infected by two or more zygotes during larval development. Standard multiple regression analyses, used to determine the relationship between seasonal infection rates and water chemistry, weather variables, and the abundance of early and late instar larvae, showed that the abundance of late instars was the only independent variable common to linear models. The models only accounted for 20 and 9% of the variation in larval infection rates for 1987 and 1988, respectively. These results indicate that of the parameters examined, the seasonal abundance of the copepod, A. robustus, was the most important factor (or variable) correlated with the prevalence of mosquito infection. DA - 1992/11// PY - 1992/11// DO - 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90002-L VL - 60 IS - 3 SP - 219-228 SN - 1096-0805 KW - COELOMOMYCES-PUNCTATUS KW - COELOMOMYCETACEAE KW - ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS KW - CULICIDAE KW - EPIZOOTIC KW - PREVALENCE OF INFECTION ER - TY - JOUR TI - SYSTOLIC-TIME INTERVALS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES FOR EVALUATION OF CARDIAC-FUNCTION AU - ATKINS, CE AU - SNYDER, PS T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - Systolic time intervals provide a noninvasive indication of global left ventricular performance, are relatively sensitive, and are easily obtained from an M‐mode echocardiogram. This paper defines systolic time intervals (preejection period, left ventricular ejection time, and total electromechanical systole) and their derivatives (preejection period/left ventricular ejection time and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening). Their utility and weaknesses, as well as the effects of heart rate, loading conditions, cardiac contractility, and drug therapies on systolic time intervals are discussed. Normal values for systolic time intervals for the dog and cat are provided. DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1992.tb03152.x VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 55-63 SN - 0891-6640 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Risk factors, clinical signs, and survival in cats with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 74 cases (1985-1989) AU - Atkins, C. E. AU - Gallo, A. M. AU - Kurzman, I. D. AU - Cowen, P. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1992/// PY - 1992/// VL - 201 IS - 4 SP - 613 ER - TY - JOUR TI - NEW PHANTOM DINOFLAGELLATE IS THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF MAJOR ESTUARINE FISH KILLS AU - BURKHOLDER, JM AU - NOGA, EJ AU - HOBBS, CH AU - GLASGOW, HB T2 - NATURE DA - 1992/7/30/ PY - 1992/7/30/ DO - 10.1038/358407a0 VL - 358 IS - 6385 SP - 407-410 SN - 0028-0836 ER -