TY - JOUR TI - Current techniques in cataract surgery AU - Whitley, R.D. AU - Gilger, B.C. AU - McLaughlin, S.A. T2 - Veterinary Medicine DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 88 IS - 9 SP - 859–865 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structure of the protease from simian immunodeficiency virus: complex with an irreversible nonpeptide inhibitor. AU - Rose, RB AU - Salto, R AU - Craik, CS AU - Stroud, RM T2 - Biochemistry AB - ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of the protease from simian immunodeficiency virus: Complex with an irreversible nonpeptide inhibitorRobert B. Rose, Jason R. Rose, Rafael Salto, Charles S. Craik, and Robert M. StroudCite this: Biochemistry 1993, 32, 46, 12498–12507Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00097a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts DA - 1993/11/1/ PY - 1993/11/1/ DO - 10.1021/bi00097a030 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00097a030 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Carcinogenesis AU - Smart, R.C. T2 - Biochemical Toxicology A2 - Hodgson, E. A2 - Levi, P.E. PY - 1993/// ET - 2nd SP - 381–414 PB - Appleton and Lange ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pig serum and milk insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins throughout lactation AU - Donovan, S.M. AU - McNeil, L.K. AU - Odle, J. AU - Jimenez-Flores, R. T2 - FASEB Journal DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 7 SP - A643 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maximum oxidation of 3-14C-(D)-(-)-β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in 1-2-day-old-piglets AU - Tetrick, M.A. AU - Adams, S.H. AU - Odle, J. AU - Benevenga, N.J. T2 - FASEB Journal DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 7 SP - A380 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acetogenesis replaces ketogenesis during β-oxidation in neonatal pigs AU - Adams, S.H. AU - Lin, X. AU - Odle, J. AU - van Kempen, T.A.T.G. T2 - American Zoologist DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 33 SP - 37A ER - TY - CONF TI - Role of EGF and IGF in the neonatal intestine: development of a piglet model AU - Donovan, S.M. AU - Zijlstra, R. AU - Odle, J. T2 - IV. International Symposium on Hormones and Growth Factors in Milk C2 - 1993/// CY - Slovakia DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// ER - TY - MGZN TI - Nutrient allowances for swine AU - Easter, R.A. AU - Odle, J. AU - Hollis, G.R. AU - Baker, D.H. T2 - Feedstuffs DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 65 SP - 38–44 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Unique energy supplements for newborn piglets AU - Odle, J. AU - Lin, X. AU - Wieland, T.M. AU - van Kempen, T.A.T.G. AU - Zijlstra, R. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// SP - 175–188 ER - TY - SOUND TI - Nutrition and neonatal survival AU - Odle, J. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// ER - TY - SOUND TI - Medium-chain fatty acid metabolism in neonatal pigs AU - Odle, J. DA - 1993/4/15/ PY - 1993/4/15/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Carbohydrate sources for the neonate: Are there viable alternatives to lactose AU - Odle, J. DA - 1993/2/9/ PY - 1993/2/9/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Research on medium-chain triglycerides AU - Odle, J. DA - 1993/1/20/ PY - 1993/1/20/ M3 - Radio interview ER - TY - SOUND TI - Toward Improved Newborn Piglet Survival AU - Odle, J. DA - 1993/6/17/ PY - 1993/6/17/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Neonatal Growth Factors AU - Odle, J. DA - 1993/7/29/ PY - 1993/7/29/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Medium-chain Triglycerides for Improving Piglet Survival AU - Odle, J. DA - 1993/9/14/ PY - 1993/9/14/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Nutritional Attributes of Medium-chain Triglycerides AU - Odle, J. DA - 1993/9/16/ PY - 1993/9/16/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Nutritional Factors Affecting Piglet Survivability AU - Odle, J. DA - 1993/10/6/ PY - 1993/10/6/ ER - TY - SOUND TI - Improving Neonatal Survival by Nutritional Means: Efforts that Enhance the Efficacy of Medium-chain Triglycerides AU - Odle, J. DA - 1993/12/1/ PY - 1993/12/1/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of emulsification on the oxidation of triacylglycerols containing [1-14C]-hexanoate or octanoate by newborn pigs AU - Odle, J. AU - Lin, X. AU - Wieland, T.M. AU - van Kempen, T.A.T.G. T2 - FASEB Journal DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 7 SP - A883 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does HMG-CoA synthase play a role in limitation of ketogenesis in neonatal pigs? AU - Adams, S.H. AU - Odle, J. T2 - FASEB Journal DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 7 SP - A379 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carnitine affects medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) metabolism in newborn pigs AU - van Kempen, T.A.T.G. AU - Odle, J. T2 - FASEB Journal DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 7 SP - A64 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Production of dicarboxylic acids (DCA) in newborn pigs infused with various medium-chain fatty acids AU - Lin, X. AU - van Kempen, T.A.T.G. AU - Odle, J. T2 - FASEB Journal DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 7 SP - A384 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diacylglycerol is an effector of the clonal expansion of cells containing activated Ha-ras genes AU - Mills, Kevin J. AU - Reynolds, Steven H. AU - Smart, Robert C. T2 - Carcinogenesis AB - Diacylglycerols (DAG) are lipid second messengers which are generated during phospholipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipids. The model DAG, sn-1,2-didecanoylglycerol (DIC10), is an effective topical tumor promoter in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated mouse skin. We now report that 11/12 of DMBA-initiated/DIC10-promoted papillomas examined contain an A-->T mutation in the 61st codon of the Ha-ras gene, suggesting that DAGs affect the clonal expansion of activated Ha-ras-containing cells. To explore further the DIC10-induced clonal expansion of activated Ha-ras-containing cells, we have examined the tumor-promoting effect of DIC10 in the skin of transgenic TG.AC mice, which harbor a v-Ha-ras transgene. By 9 weeks of promotion, 100% of the TG.AC mice developed squamous papillomas and by 15 weeks these mice developed > 20 papillomas/mouse. Because fatty acids are known to participate in signal transduction pathways, and since cellular lipases could cleave the fatty acid side chains present in DIC10, we have examined the tumor promoting activity of n-decanoic acid to verify the specificity of promotional activity of DIC10. n-Decanoic acid did not function as a tumor promoter. These data implicate DAG as an effector of the clonal expansion of mutated Ha-ras-containing cells, and support a mechanism whereby an increase in endogenous DAG could contribute to the clonal expansion of cells containing a Ha-ras oncogene. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1093/carcin/14.12.2645 VL - 14 IS - 12 SP - 2645-2648 J2 - Carcinogenesis LA - en OP - SN - 0143-3334 1460-2180 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/14.12.2645 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of benzo[a]pyrene-initiated mouse skin papillomas for Ha-ras mutations and protein kinase C levels AU - Colapietro, Anne-Marie AU - Goodell, Audrey L. AU - Smart, Robert C. T2 - Carcinogenesis AB - Journal Article Characterization of benzo[a]pyrene-initiated mouse skin papillomas for Ha-ras mutations and protein kinase C levels Get access Anne-Marie Colapietro, Anne-Marie Colapietro Department of Toxicology, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC 27695–7633, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Audrey L. Goodell, Audrey L. Goodell Department of Toxicology, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC 27695–7633, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert C. Smart Robert C. Smart 1 Department of Toxicology, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC 27695–7633, USA. 1To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carcinogenesis, Volume 14, Issue 11, November 1993, Pages 2289–2295, https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/14.11.2289 Published: 01 November 1993 Article history Received: 13 May 1993 Revision received: 27 July 1993 Accepted: 13 August 1993 Published: 01 November 1993 DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1093/carcin/14.11.2289 VL - 14 IS - 11 SP - 2289-2295 J2 - Carcinogenesis LA - en OP - SN - 0143-3334 1460-2180 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/14.11.2289 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of skin tumor promotion by mirex: structure-activity relationships, sexual dimorphism and presence of Ha-ras mutation AU - Moser, Glenda J. AU - Robinette, C.Lee AU - Smart, Robert C. T2 - Carcinogenesis AB - In the present study we have compared the tumor-promoting activity of the non-phorbol ester-type skin tumor promoter, mirex, a halogenated cycloalkane pesticide, to the following: (i) chlordane, a halogenated cycloalkene pesticide; (ii) 1, 1-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-2, 2, 2-trichloroethane (DDT), a halogenated bridged aromatic pesticide; and (iii) kepone, a halogenated cycloalkane pesticide, which only differs from mirex by the substitution of two chlorine atoms with an oxygen atom. Topical application of 200 nmol mirex three times weekly for 20 weeks to 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated female mouse skin produced ∼ 16 tumors/mouse with a 96% incidence of tumor bearing mice. Neither chlordane (2 μmol) or DDT (5 μmol) promoted tumors in DMBA-initiated mouse skin after three times weekly application for 20 weeks. Unexpectedly, DMBA-initiated mice treated with 250 nmol kepone three times weekly for 20 weeks did not develop any tumors, demonstrating that the replacement of two chlorine atoms by an oxygen atom results in loss of the skin tumor-promoting activity of mirex. To further characterize mirex-induced skin tumor promotion, male mice were initiated with a single topical application of 200 nmol DMBA and promoted topically three times weekly for 20 weeks with 200 nmol mirex. As compared to female mice, male mice demonstrated (i) 70% fewer tumors/mouse, (ii) decreased incidence of tumor bearing mice, (iii) increased time to first tumor and (iv) increased latency. To determine the role of ovarian hormones in the increased sensitivity of female mice, mice were initiated with DMBA, ovariectomized (OVX) 2 weeks later and then promoted with mirex. OVX mice exhibited 70% fewer tumors/mouse and a 40% decrease in incidence of tumor-bearing mice as compared to controls. Finally, >90% of DMBA-initiated/mirex-promoted papillomas from male mice and female mice demonstrated a mutated Ha-ras gene with an A ↑ T transversion in the middle base of the 61st codon. Collectively, these data indicate that the tumor-promoting ability of mirex is highly structure specific, and ovarian hormones are a factor in the increased sensitivity of female mice to the skin tumor-promoting ability of mirex. Futhermore, mirex appears to clonally expand epidermal cells with a mutated Ha-ras oncogene. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1093/carcin/14.6.1155 VL - 14 IS - 6 SP - 1155-1160 J2 - Carcinogenesis LA - en OP - SN - 0143-3334 1460-2180 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/14.6.1155 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cytologic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 47 dogs with multicentric malignant lymphoma. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1993/11/1/ PY - 1993/11/1/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of Histoplasma capsulatum organisms in the pleural and peritoneal effusions of a dog. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1993/2/1/ PY - 1993/2/1/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phylogenetic grouping and identification of Rhizobium isolates on the basis of random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles T2 - Canadian Journal of Microbiology AB - Through the use of a single, random 15mer as a primer, between 1 and 12 DNA amplification products were obtained per strain from a selection of 84 Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium isolates. A principal-coordinate analysis was used to analyse the resulting amplified DNA profiles and it was possible to assign isolates to specific groupings. Within the species Rhizobium leguminosarum, the biovar phaseoli formed a distinct group from the other biovars of the species, viciae and trifolii, which grouped together. Isolates of Rhizobium meliloti and Bradyrhizobium species formed their own clear, specific groups. Although it was possible to identify individual isolates on the basis of differences in their amplified DNA profiles, there was evidence that some amplified segments were conserved among individuals at the biovar and species levels.Key words: Rhizobium, DNA amplification, random primers. DA - 1993/7/1/ PY - 1993/7/1/ DO - 10.1139/m93-096 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-096 KW - RHIZOBIUM KW - DNA AMPLIFICATION KW - RANDOM PRIMERS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Studies on the relation between the changes of endogenous IPA and the growth of cell of Arnebia euchroma during the culture AU - Xie, De-Yu AU - Li, Guozhen AU - Ye, Hechun AU - Li, Guofeng T2 - Journal of Jishou University (Natural Science) DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 14 IS - 6 SP - 29–31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sensory receptors in the equine foot AU - Bowker, R. AU - Brewer, A. AU - Vex, K. AU - Guida, L. AU - Linder, K. AU - Sonea, I. AU - Stinson, A. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 54 IS - 11 SP - 1840–1844 ER - TY - CONF TI - Characterization of a Borrelia isolate from Florida AU - Breitschwerdt, E.B. AU - Nicholson, W.L. AU - Kiehl, A.R. AU - Champion, L. AU - Howard, P. AU - Levine, J.F. T2 - 2nd Workshop on Lyme disease in the Southeastern United States C2 - 1993/9// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 1993/9// PY - 1993/9// ER - TY - CONF TI - Reservoir Competence of Rice Rats and Lizards for Borrelia burgdorferi AU - Levin, M. AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Norris, D.E. AU - Howard, P. AU - Yang, S. AU - Apperson, CS T2 - 2nd Workshop on Lyme disease in the Southeastern United States C2 - 1993/9// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 1993/9// PY - 1993/9// ER - TY - CONF TI - Reservoir Competence of the Raccoon (Procyon lotor) for the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi AU - Norris, D.E. AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Apperson, C.S. T2 - 2nd Workshop on Lyme disease in the Southeastern United States C2 - 1993/9// CY - Raleigh, North Carolina DA - 1993/9// PY - 1993/9// ER - TY - CONF TI - Tick-raccoon Associations in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina AU - Ouelette, JR AU - Howard, P AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Evans, T. AU - Apperson, C.S. T2 - 2nd Workshop on Lyme disease in the Southeastern United States C2 - 1993/9// CY - Raleigh, North Carolina DA - 1993/9// PY - 1993/9// ER - TY - CONF TI - Ticks, Their Hosts and Borrelia burgdorferi on the Outer Banks of North Carolina AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Apperson, C.S. AU - Strider, JB AU - Levin, M. AU - Ryan, JR AU - Howard, P AU - Coughlin, W. AU - Knight, M. AU - Yang, S. T2 - 2nd Workshop on Lyme disease in the Southeastern United States C2 - 1993/9// CY - Raleigh, North Carolina DA - 1993/9// PY - 1993/9// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Early development of the chick embryo. AU - Watt, JM AU - Petitte, JN AU - Etches, RJ T2 - Journal of morphology AB - Abstract The ultrastructure of the early chick embryo was investigated, using scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Eggs were obtained from the shell gland by injecting hens intravenously with a synthetic prostaglandin or arginine vasopressin. Embryos were examined during late cleavage (stages IV–VI, Eyal‐Giladi and Kochav, '76), formation of the area pellucida (stages VII–XI), and formation of the hypoblast (stages X–XIV). SEM highlighted the reduction in cell number at the underside of the embryo during formation of the area pellucida although it became apparent that the thickness of the embryo is not reduced to a single layer of cells at stage X. In addition, blastomeres at the perimeter of embryos (stages V–VI) project filopodial extensions onto a smooth membrane that separates the sub‐embryonic cavity from the yolk. During hypoblast formation, epiblast cells generate stellate projections at their basal aspect, thus providing a meshwork for the advancing secondary hypoblast cells. By stage XII the epiblast was one cell thick and reminiscent of a columnar epithelium when viewed transversely. Cells of the deep portion of the posterior marginal zone were distinguished morphologically in the stage XII embryo by their many cell surface projections and ruffled appearance. Blastomeres at the perimeter of stage V–VI embryos projected filopodial extensions onto a smooth membrane which separates the sub‐embryonic cavity from the yolk. This membrane is presumed to be confluent with the cytolemma. Evidence is presented demonstrating the presence of intracellular membrane‐bound droplets which are hypothesised to contain sub‐embryonic fluid. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. DA - 1993/2// PY - 1993/2// DO - 10.1002/jmor.1052150205 VL - 2 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/8445661 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Brain content of cGnRH I and II during embryonic development in chickens. AU - Craig-Veit, CB AU - Petitte, JN T2 - General and comparative endocrinology AB - We used specific radioimmunoassays to measure chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormones I and II (cGnRH I and II) in extracts of chicken brain as a first step in determining whether these peptides may function identically during embryonic development in birds. In three experiments chicken embryo brains were removed at various times between Day 6 of incubation and hatching. In Experiment 3, the sex of embryos was identified by means of polymerase chain reaction amplification of a W chromosome-specific DNA sequence. Brain concentrations of cGnRH I increased sharply from Day 6 of incubation to Day 8, then decreased until Day 10 to Day 12, followed by an increase beginning on approximately Day 17 and continuing until hatch. In contrast, cGnRH II concentration remained low until about Day 14 of incubation, then increased progressively until, at hatch, brain content of cGnRH II was approximately 9 to 11 times that of cGnRH I. The difference in development pattern and total content of these peptides supports the view that any physiologic function they may have might be differentiated as early as Day 7 of incubation. DA - 1993/11// PY - 1993/11// DO - 10.1006/gcen.1993.1167 VL - 11 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/8282179 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Avian macrophages: contribution to cellular microenvironment and changes in effector functions following activation. AU - Qureshi, MA AU - Petitte, JN AU - Laster, SM AU - Dietert, RR T2 - Poultry science AB - The capacity of macrophages to generate metabolites and monokines having effector and regulatory functions can result in a major impact on their cellular microenvironment. Macrophage products synthesized in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulation include reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These secreted products of macrophages exhibit bioactivity either locally or systemically. Although the mechanism of action of avian monokines such as TNF-like factor may be similar to their mammalian counterparts, chicken TNF seems to lyse cells of chicken origin and not of mammalian origin. Furthermore, the generation and activity of products such as TNF is directly influenced by environmental stressors such as heat and toxins. DA - 1993/7// PY - 1993/7// DO - 10.3382/ps.0721280 VL - 7 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/8346153 KW - MACROPHAGE KW - TUMOR NECROSIS-LIKE FACTOR KW - REACTIVE OXYGEN INTERMEDIATES KW - REACTIVE NITROGEN INTERMEDIATES KW - ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Biocatalysis at extreme temperatures AU - Kelly, R.M. T2 - Research opportunities in biomolecular engineering : the interface between chemical engineering and biology, December 7-8, 1992, proceedings A2 - Georgiou, G. A2 - Glowinski, I. PY - 1993/// PB - NIH Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Purification and characterization of a novel amylolytic enzyme from ES 4, a marine hyperthermophilic archaeum AU - Schuliger, J.W. AU - Brown, S.H. AU - Baross, J.A. AU - Kelly, R.M. T2 - Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 76–87 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Method for glucose isomerization using xylose isomerase purified from Thermotoga maritima and Thermotoga neapolitana AU - Starnes, R.L. AU - Kelly, R.M. AU - Brown, S.H. DA - 1993/12// PY - 1993/12// M1 - 5,268,280 M3 - US Patent SN - 5,268,280 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Novel Isomerization Enzymes AU - Starnes, R.L. AU - Kelly, R.M. AU - Brown, S.H. DA - 1993/6/15/ PY - 1993/6/15/ M1 - 5,219,751 M3 - U.S. Patent SN - 5,219,751 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Proteolytic Enzymes from Hyperthermophilic Bacteria and Processes for their Production AU - Kelly, R.M. AU - Robinson, A.S. AU - Blumentals, I.I. AU - Brown, S.H. AU - Anfinsen, C.B. DA - 1993/9/7/ PY - 1993/9/7/ M1 - 5,242,817 M3 - US Patent SN - 5,242,817 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regulation of ribosomal RNA transcription by growth rate of the hyperthermophilic Archaeon,Pyrococcus furiosus AU - DiRuggiero, Jocelyne AU - Achenbach, Laurie A. AU - Brown, Stephen H. AU - Kelly, Robert M. AU - Robb, Frank T. T2 - FEMS Microbiology Letters AB - We have studied the single rRNA gene cluster from the Archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus. This isolate grows optimally at 100 degrees C and is thus a hyperthermophile. In P. furiosus, transcription of 16S rRNA is subject to regulation over a 7.5-fold range in response to a 20-fold increase in growth rate. The single cluster encoding the 16S and 23S rRNA genes of P. furiosus was cloned and the 1.9 kb region upstream of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. DA - 1993/8// PY - 1993/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06379.x VL - 111 IS - 2-3 SP - 159-164 LA - en OP - SN - 0378-1097 1574-6968 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06379.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterization of Amylolytic Enzymes, Having Both α-1,4 and α-1,6 Hydrolytic Activity, from the Thermophilic Archaea Pyrococcus furiosus and Thermococcus litoralis AU - Brown, Stephen H. AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AB - Extracellular pullulanases were purified from cell-free culture supernatants of the marine thermophilic archaea Thermococcus litoralis (optimal growth temperature, 90°C) and Pyrococcus furiosus (optimal growth temperature, 98°C). The molecular mass of the T. litoralis enzyme was estimated at 119,000 Da by electrophoresis, while the P. furiosus enzyme exhibited a molecular mass of 110,000 Da under the same conditions. Both enzymes tested positive for bound sugar by the periodic acid-Schiff technique and are therefore glycoproteins. The thermoactivity and thermostability of both enzymes were enhanced in the presence of 5 mM Ca 2+ , and under these conditions, enzyme activity could be measured at temperatures of up to 130 to 140°C. The addition of Ca 2+ also affected substrate binding, as evidenced by a decrease in K m for both enzymes when assayed in the presence of this metal. Each of these enzymes was able to hydrolyze, in addition to the α-1,6 linkages in pullulan, α-1,4 linkages in amylose and soluble starch. Neither enzyme possessed activity against maltohexaose or other smaller α-1,4-linked oligosaccharides. The enzymes from T. litoralis and P. furiosus appear to represent highly thermostable amylopullulanases, versions of which have been isolated from less-thermophilic organisms. The identification of these enzymes further defines the saccharide-metabolizing systems possessed by these two organisms. DA - 1993/8// PY - 1993/8// DO - 10.1128/aem.59.8.2614-2621.1993 VL - 59 IS - 8 SP - 2614-2621 J2 - Appl Environ Microbiol LA - en OP - SN - 0099-2240 1098-5336 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.8.2614-2621.1993 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Purification and characterization of a highly thermostable glucose isomerase produced by the extremely thermophilic eubacterium,Thermotoga maritima AU - Brown, Stephen H. AU - Sjøholm, Carsten AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AB - Abstract Thermotoga maritima , among the most thermophilic eubacteria currently known, produces glucose isomerase when grow in the presence of xylose. The purified enzyme is a homotetramer with submit molecular Wight of about 45,000. It has a number of features in common with previously described glucose isomerases‐pH optimum of 6.5 to 7.5, presence of activesite histidine, requirement for metal cations such as Co 2+ and Mg 2+ , and preference for xylose as substrate. In addition, it has significant sequence/structural homology with other glucose isomerases, as shown by both N‐terminal sequencing and immunological crossreactivity. The T. maritima enzyme is distinguished by its extreme thermostability–a temperature optimum of 105 to 110°C, and an estimated half‐life of 10 minutes at 120°C, pH 7.0. The high degree of thermostability, coupled with a neutral to slightly acid pH optimum, reveal this enzyme to be a promising candidate for improvement of the industrial glucose isomerization process © 1993 Wiley & Sons, Inc. DA - 1993/4/15/ PY - 1993/4/15/ DO - 10.1002/bit.260410907 VL - 41 IS - 9 SP - 878-886 J2 - Biotechnol. Bioeng. LA - en OP - SN - 0006-3592 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410907 DB - Crossref KW - THERMOTOGA - MARITIMA KW - THERMOPHILE KW - GLUCOSE ISOMERASE ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of tungsten on metabolic patterns in Pyrococcus furiosus, a hyperthermophilic archaeon AU - Schicho, Richard N. AU - Snowden, Lesley J. AU - Mukund, Swarnalatha AU - Park, Jae-Bum AU - Adams, Michael W. W. AU - Kelly, Robert M. T2 - Archives of Microbiology DA - 1993/4// PY - 1993/4// DO - 10.1007/bf00290921 VL - 159 IS - 4 SP - 380-385 J2 - Arch. Microbiol. LA - en OP - SN - 0302-8933 1432-072X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00290921 DB - Crossref KW - PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS KW - HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEA KW - MALTOSE FERMENTATION KW - PEPTIDE FERMENTATION KW - TUNGSTEN KW - ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE KW - ALDEHYDE FERREDOXIN OXIDOREDUCTASE ER - TY - CHAP TI - Biocatalysis: An overview AU - Kelly, R.M. AU - Whitesides, G. T2 - Research opportunities in biomolecular engineering : the interface between chemical engineering and biology, December 7-8, 1992, proceedings A2 - Georgiou, G. A2 - Glowinski, I. PY - 1993/// PB - NIH Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioenergetics of the metal/sulfur-oxidizing extreme thermoacidophile, Metallosphaera sedula AU - Peeples, T.L AU - Kelly, R.M. T2 - Fuel AB - Identification of more effective biocatalysts than Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been of interest for the optimization of biological removal of inorganic sulfur from coal. The recently isolated thermoacidophile, Metallosphaera sedula, leaches metal sulfides at rapid rates and could be a feasible biocatalytic alternative for such use. The bioenergetic and biocatalytic features of M. sedula as they apply to metal leaching, with particular attention to coal pyrite oxidation, are currently being evaluated. The questions examined include (1) how does M. sedula compare with other microorganisms with similar bioleaching capabilities, (2) how do inorganic energy substrates factor into M. sedula's metabolic scheme, and (3) how can higher metal leaching rates be achieved with M. sedula? DA - 1993/12// PY - 1993/12// DO - 10.1016/0016-2361(93)90345-3 VL - 72 IS - 12 SP - 1619-1624 J2 - Fuel LA - en OP - SN - 0016-2361 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(93)90345-3 DB - Crossref KW - MICROBIAL DESULFURIZATION KW - COAL KW - PYRITE ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrogenase of the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus is an elemental sulfur reductase or sulfhydrogenase: evidence for a sulfur-reducing hydrogenase ancestor. AU - Ma, K. AU - Schicho, R. N. AU - Kelly, R. M. AU - Adams, M. W. T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences AB - Microorganisms growing near and above 100 degrees C have recently been discovered near shallow and deep sea hydrothermal vents. Most are obligately dependent upon the reduction of elemental sulfur (S0) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for optimal growth, even though S0 reduction readily occurs abiotically at their growth temperatures. The sulfur reductase activity of the anaerobic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, which grows optimally at 100 degrees C by a metabolism that produces H2S if S0 is present, was found in the cytoplasm. It was purified anaerobically and was shown to be identical to the hydrogenase that had been previously purified from this organism. Both S0 and polysulfide served as substrates for H2S production, and the S0 reduction activity but not the H2-oxidation activity was enhanced by the redox protein rubredoxin. The H2-oxidizing and S0-reduction activities of the enzyme also showed different responses to pH, temperature, and inhibitors. This bifunctional "sulfhydrogenase" enzyme can, therefore, dispose of the excess reductant generated during fermentation using either protons or polysulfides as the electron acceptor. In addition, purified hydrogenases from both hyperthermophilic and mesophilic representatives of the archaeal and bacterial domains were shown to reduce S0 to H2S. It is suggested that the function of some form of ancestral hydrogenase was S0 reduction rather than, or in addition to, the reduction of protons. DA - 1993/6/1/ PY - 1993/6/1/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.90.11.5341 VL - 90 IS - 11 SP - 5341-5344 J2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences LA - en OP - SN - 0027-8424 1091-6490 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.11.5341 DB - Crossref KW - HYDROGEN ACTIVATION KW - POLYSULFIDE REDUCTION KW - GEOTHERMAL BIOLOGY KW - EVOLUTION ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioenergetics of sulfur reduction in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus AU - Schicho, R N AU - Ma, K AU - Adams, M W AU - Kelly, R M T2 - Journal of Bacteriology AB - The bioenergetic role of the reduction of elemental sulfur (S0) in the hyperthermophilic archaeon (formerly archaebacterium) Pyrococcus furiosus was investigated with chemostat cultures with maltose as the limiting carbon source. The maximal yield coefficient was 99.8 g (dry weight) of cells (cdw) per mol of maltose in the presence of S0 but only 51.3 g (cdw) per mol of maltose if S0 was omitted. However, the corresponding maintenance coefficients were not found to be significantly different. The primary fermentation products detected were H2, CO2, and acetate, together with H2S, when S0 was also added to the growth medium. If H2S was summed with H2 to represent total reducing equivalents released during fermentation, the presence of S0 had no significant effect on the pattern of fermentation products. In addition, the presence of S0 did not significantly affect the specific activities in cell extracts of hydrogenase, sulfur reductase, alpha-glucosidase, or protease. These results suggest either that S0 reduction is an energy-conserving reaction, i.e., S0 respiration, or that S0 has a stimulatory effect on or helps overcome a process that is yield limiting. A modification of the Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathway has been proposed as the primary route of glucose catabolism in P. furiosus (S. Mukund and M. W. W. Adams, J. Biol. Chem. 266:14208-14216, 1991). Operation of this pathway should yield 4 mol of ATP per mol of maltose oxidized, from which one can calculate a value of 12.9 g (cdw) per mol of ATP for non-S0 growth. Comparison of this value to the yield data for growth in the presence of S0 reduction is equivalent to an ATP yield of 0.5 mol of ATP per mol of S0 reduced. Possible mechanism to account for this apparent energy conservation are discussed. DA - 1993/3// PY - 1993/3// DO - 10.1128/jb.175.6.1823-1830.1993 VL - 175 IS - 6 SP - 1823-1830 J2 - J Bacteriol LA - en OP - SN - 0021-9193 1098-5530 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.6.1823-1830.1993 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enzymes from high-temperature microorganisms AU - Kelly, Robert M. AU - Brown, Stephen H. T2 - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AB - Enzymes derived from microorganisms growing at extreme temperatures are of biotechnological use as highly thermostable biocatalysts and should provide insight into the intrinsic basis of protein stability. So far, only DNA polymerases from these organisms have been put to commercial use, although the application of other classes of highly thermostable enzymes is being considered. Problems in the cultivation of high-temperature microorganisms and in the production of their enzymes still hampers progress in this field. DA - 1993/4// PY - 1993/4// DO - 10.1016/0958-1669(93)90123-e VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 188-192 J2 - Current Opinion in Biotechnology LA - en OP - SN - 0958-1669 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0958-1669(93)90123-e DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - Some Results on Asymptotic Efficiencies of Two-stage Procedures AU - Ghosh, S.K. AU - Bhandari, S.K. A3 - Indian Statistical Institute DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// M3 - Technical Report PB - Indian Statistical Institute ER - TY - RPRT TI - A Note on Stirling's Approximation AU - Ghosh, S.K. AU - Chandra, T.K. A3 - University of Connecticut DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// M1 - 93-36 M3 - Technical Report PB - University of Connecticut SN - 93-36 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of Histoplasma capsulatum organisms in the pleural and peritoneal effusions of a dog AU - Kowalewich, N. AU - Hawkins, E.C. AU - Skowronek, A.J. AU - Clemo, F.A.S. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1993/2// PY - 1993/2// VL - 202 IS - 3 SP - 423–426 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cytologic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 47 dogs with multicentric malignant lymphoma AU - Hawkins, E.C. AU - Morrison, W.B. AU - DeNicola, D.B. AU - Blevins, W.E. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1993/11// PY - 1993/11// VL - 203 IS - 10 SP - 1418–1425 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feline nephrolithiasis: eight cases (1984–1989) AU - Carter, W.O. AU - Hawkins, E.C. AU - Morrison, W.B. T2 - Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 29 IS - 3 SP - 247–256 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clinical and laboratory findings in chronic conjunctivitis in cats: 91 cases (1983-1991) AU - Nasisse, M.P. AU - Guy, J.S. AU - Stevens, J.B. AU - English, R.V. AU - Davidson, M.G. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1993/9// PY - 1993/9// VL - 203 IS - 6 SP - 834–837 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Controlling Laryngotracheitis AU - Guy, J.S.Controlling Laryngotracheitis T2 - Zootechnica International DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 16 SP - 51–53 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Alphaviruses identified as causes of disease in North Carolina turkey flocks AU - Guy, James S. T2 - POPMED Forum DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 2 SP - 1–4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - La coagulation intra-vasculaire disséminée chez le chien. Deuxième partie: Etude rétrospective de 20 cas cliniques. (Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the dog. Second part: a retrospective study of 20 cases) AU - Furic, F. AU - Héripret, D. AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Pratique Médicale et Chirurgicale de l’Animal de Compagnie DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 28 SP - 53–62 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Les épidermolyses bulleuses héréditaires animales (Suite). (Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa in animals: second part) AU - Olivry, T. T2 - L' Officiel des Dermatologistes DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 31 SP - 43-44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Les épidermolyses bulleuses héréditaires animales (Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa in animals) AU - Olivry, T. T2 - L' Officiel des Dermatologistes DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 30 SP - 42-44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - T-Lymphomes cutanés épidermotropes chez le chien. (Epidermotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in the dog) AU - Olivry, T. T2 - L' Officiel des Dermatologistes DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 34 SP - 50-52 ER - TY - JOUR TI - L'érythème nécrolytique migrant canin: un syndrome hépato-cutané. (Canine necrolytic migratory erythema: a hepatocutaneous syndrome) AU - Olivry, T. T2 - L' Officiel des Dermatologistes DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 37 SP - 38–40 ER - TY - CHAP TI - La peau: anatomie et physiologie microscopique. (Microscopic anatomy and physiology of the skin) AU - Olivry, T. AU - Müller, R.S. AU - Walder, E.J. AU - Atlee, B.A. T2 - Encyclopédie Vétérinaire. Dermatologie A2 - Laforge, H. PY - 1993/// VL - 200 PB - Editions Techniques ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of latex agglutination, indirect immunofluorescent antibody, and enzyme immunoassay methods for serodiagnosis of rocky mountain spotted fever in dogs AU - Greene, C.E. AU - Marks, M.A. AU - Lappin, M.R. AU - Breitschwerdt, E.B. AU - Wolski, N.A. AU - Burgdorfer, W. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 20-28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Whats new in tick transmitted disease AU - Breitschwerdt, E.B. T2 - Proceedings of the Annual Veterinary Medical Forum DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// SP - 446 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lupus erythematosus AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 678 SP - 8 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feline immunesuppression: use of chlorambucil AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 684 SP - 20 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - Benign cutaneous tumors: the retinoid alternative AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 690 SP - 19 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - Generalized demodicosis: success of ivermectin AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 696 SP - 27 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - German Shepherd dermatology: in search of the ghost fistulae AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 702 SP - 20 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hepatocutaneous syndrome: the canine necrolytic migratory erythema AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 708 SP - 26 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - Equine sarcoid: importance of bovine papillomavirus AU - Olivry, T. T2 - Semaine Vétérinaire DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// IS - 714 SP - 22 M3 - Editorial ER - TY - JOUR TI - Brazilian Spotted Fever in Espirito Santo, Brazil: Description of a Focus of Infection in a New Endemic Region AU - Sexton, Daniel J. AU - Muniz, Marcello AU - Corey, G. Ralph AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. AU - Hegarty, Barbara C. AU - Dumler, Stephen AU - Walker, David H. AU - Pecanha, Paulo M. AU - Dietze, Reynaldo T2 - The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AB - Although Brazilian spotted fever is known to occur in several adjacent states, infection with spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae has not previously been documented in the Brazilian state of Espirito Santo. We report a cluster of two proven and four suspected cases of Brazilian spotted fever in a small valley near Colatina, Espirito Santo. Four patients died without confirmatory serologic or pathologic studies. The two surviving patients had serologic and/or pathologic evidence of infection with SFG rickettsiae. Results of a survey done in 1991 confirmed the presence of antibodies reactive with SFG rickettsiae in the serum of dogs living in this region. Two of 25 dogs had elevated microimmunofluorescent antibody titers (1:64 and 1:256). Both seropositive dogs were pets of the index cases and lived in the valley where all six human cases were presumed to have acquired their infections. These cases and the results of the canine serosurvey suggest that a focus of virulent disease exists in an area not previously known to be endemic for SFG rickettsiae. DA - 1993/8/1/ PY - 1993/8/1/ DO - 10.4269/ajtmh.1993.49.222 VL - 49 IS - 2 SP - 222–226 SN - 0002-9637 1476-1645 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1993.49.222 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of 123 Iodine Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy for the Diagnosis of a Pheochromocytoma in a dog AU - Berry, Clifford R. AU - Wright, Kathy N. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. AU - Feldman, Jerome M. T2 - Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound AB - A 13‐year‐old neutered female Yorkshire terrier presented with a history of progressive episodic weakness and disorientation of 4 months duration. Physical and neurologic examinations were normal at presentation. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass involving the right adrenal gland. Standard planar scintigraphy was performed at 4, 18, and 24 hours after intravenous injection 185 MBq (5mCi) of 123 I‐labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 123 I‐MIBG). An area of focal intense uptake was identified in the area of the right adrenal gland. A pheochromocytoma was confirmed histologically after surgical excision. DA - 1993/1// PY - 1993/1// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1993.tb01994.x VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 52–55 SN - 1058-8183 1740-8261 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1993.tb01994.x KW - CANINE PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA KW - I-123-METAIODOBENZYLGUANIDINE SCINTIGRAPHY ER - TY - JOUR TI - Glaucoma and corneal stromal abscess in a horse treated by an intraocular silicone prosthesis and a conjunctival pedicle flap AU - Gilger, B.C. AU - McLaughlin, S.A. T2 - Equine Practice DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 10-15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Eyelid neoplasms in cats: A review of demographic data (1979-1989) AU - McLaughlin, S.A. AU - Whitley, R.D. AU - Gilger, B.C. AU - Wright, J.C. AU - Lindley, D.M. T2 - Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 63–67 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simultaneous multi-site EPR spectroscopyin vivo AU - Smirnov, Alex I. AU - Norby, Shong-Wan AU - Clarkson, R. B. AU - Walczak, Ted AU - Swartz, Harold M. T2 - Magn. Reson. Med. AB - Abstract A gradient technique to measure electron paramagnetic resonance spectra simultaneously at several different locations is described. The technique is based on the use of point probes containing paramagnetic centers. The value of the magnetic field gradient is chosen to be sufficient to separate the EPR signals from the different paramagnetic probes yet at the same time small enough to change only minimally the shape of individual signals. The conditions to apply this technique are considered in detail. When experimental data have a high signal‐to‐noise ratio, the lineshape distortion induced by the gradient can be corrected with the aid of a known distribution function of paramagnetic centers within the probe. The maximum entropy deconvolution algorithm is successfully applied for the correction of significantly distorted lines. The technique is experimentally tested and applied to measure the concentration of oxygen in hypertrophied rat myocardium and normal rat kidney in vivo by low frequency EPR (L‐band, 1.2 GHz). No types of EPR oxygen‐sensitive probes‐lithium phthalocyanine crystals and synthetic carbohydrate chars‐were used. DA - 1993/8// PY - 1993/8// DO - 10.1002/mrm.1910300210 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 213-220 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027312643&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE KW - OXIMETRY KW - CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS KW - MYOCARDIUM ER - TY - JOUR TI - AN INEXPENSIVE INFRARED GROWTH SENSOR ARRAY FOR DETECTION OF BACTERIAL ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY T2 - FEMS Microbiology Letters AB - An inexpensive infrared sensor was constructed and used for the rapid testing of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility by detection of changes in absorbance at 950 nm. By comparing cultures of clinical isolates together with control strains (Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 or Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10662) after addition of an antibiotic, results on susceptibility were obtained within 3–5 h from the original plate culture. Representative strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus were tested successfully against ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin or ciprofloxacin. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1016/0378-1097(93)90389-J UR - https://publons.com/publon/9840930/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chylothorax associated with right-sided heart failure in five cats AU - Fossum, T.W. AU - Miller, M.W. AU - Rogers, K.S. AU - Bonagura, J.D. AU - Meurs, K.M. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1993/12/31/ PY - 1993/12/31/ VL - 204 IS - 1 SP - 84–89 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ECG of the Month AU - Meurs, K.M. AU - Miller, M.W. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 203 SP - 649–650 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thrombocytopenia in Cats: A Retrospective Study of 41 Cases AU - Jordan, Holly L. AU - Grindem, Carol B. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - The prevalence of feline thrombocytopenia (< 200,000 platelets/microL) at North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, from January 1985 to March 1990, was 1.2% (41/3300). Cats were divided into six categories based on clinical diagnoses: 29% (12/41) had infectious disease, 20% (8/41) had neoplasia, 7% (3/41) had cardiac disease, 2% (1/41) had primary immune-mediated disease, 22% (9/41) had multiple diseases, and 20% (8/41) had disorders of unknown etiology. The mean platelet count for all thrombocytopenic cats was 52,000/microL +/- 46,000/microL (1 SD) with a range of 1000-190,000/microL. No significant differences were found between groups with respect to platelet count, packed cell volume, or white blood cell count, though anemia and leukopenia were common among the cats as a whole. Bleeding disorders (hemorrhage or thrombosis) were observed in 29% (12/41) of thrombocytopenic cats and were more likely to be associated with neoplasia, cardiac disease, and platelet counts less than or equal to 30,000/microL. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy was diagnosed in 12% (5/41) of the cats. Infections and/or neoplasia affecting the bone marrow were the most common diseases associated with thrombocytopenia. Feline leukemia virus and myeloproliferative neoplasia accounted for approximately 44% (18/41) of the specific diagnoses in thrombocytopenic cats. DA - 1993/9// PY - 1993/9// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1993.tb01017.x VL - 7 IS - 5 SP - 261-265 LA - en OP - SN - 0891-6640 1939-1676 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1993.tb01017.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Endemic Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Dog from Texas AU - Sellon, Rance K. AU - Menard, Monica M. AU - Meuten, Donald J. AU - Lengerich, Eugene J. AU - Steurer, Frank J. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine AB - Visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed by cytology and positive indirect immunofluorescent antibody titers to Leishmania donovani in a 7-month-old female Basenji dog from Texas. Clinical and laboratory findings included weight loss, hematochezia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, and neutrophilic leukocytosis. Evidence of response to treatment with diminazene aceturate and ketoconazole included improvement in the abnormal clinical, hematologic, and biochemical findings, decreased serum globulin concentration and antibody titer to Leishmania donovani, and absence of organisms in examined tissues. Several foci of endemic leishmaniasis have been reported in the United States. Because of its zoonotic potential and the lack of approved treatments for dogs with leishmaniasis in the United States, the development of effective treatment strategies is needed. DA - 1993/1// PY - 1993/1// DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1993.tb03163.x VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 16-19 LA - en OP - SN - 0891-6640 1939-1676 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1993.tb03163.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hypothesis: the central oscillator of the circadian clock is a controlled chaotic attractor AU - Lloyd, Alun L. AU - Lloyd, David T2 - Biosystems AB - Controlled chaos may be important for the generation of rhythmic behaviour in living systems. A model is proposed in which the central circadian oscillator is a chaotic attractor. Whereas a limit cycle mechanism (previously invoked to explain circadian clocks as well as ultradian clocks and cell division cycles) can provide only a single stable periodic orbit, a chaotic attractor can generate rich dynamic behaviour. Control by feedback makes accessible a selected stabilized orbit; this can be chosen so as to optimize system performance. Such a system can accommodate a wide variety of requirements, e.g. that a single clock mutation can affect both period and temperature compensation, and the generation of higher periods from an ultradian oscillator. Simultaneous operation of more than one clock (with differing periods) may require a high-dimension chaotic attractor. Attractive features of such a model include versatility of period selection (e.g. as in the per mutants of Drosophila) and the use of control elements of the type already well known in metabolic circuitry. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(93)90085-q VL - 29 IS - 2-3 SP - 77–85 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The nonlinear mixed effects model with a smooth random effects density AU - Davidian, Marie AU - Gallant, A. Ronald T2 - Biometrika AB - Journal Article The nonlinear mixed effects model with a smooth random effects density Get access MARIE DAVIDIAN, MARIE DAVIDIAN Department of Statistics, North Carolina State UniversityCampus Box 8203, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8203, U. S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. RONALD GALLANT A. RONALD GALLANT Department of Statistics, North Carolina State UniversityCampus Box 8203, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8203, U. S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 80, Issue 3, September 1993, Pages 475–488, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/80.3.475 Published: 01 September 1993 DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1093/biomet/80.3.475 VL - 80 IS - 3 SP - 475-488 J2 - Biometrika LA - en OP - SN - 0006-3444 1464-3510 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/80.3.475 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of repeated measurement data using the nonlinear mixed effects model AU - Davidian, Marie AU - Giltinan, David M. T2 - Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems AB - Abstract Davidian, M. and Giltinan, D.M., 1993. Analysis of repeated measurement data using the nonlinear mixed effects model. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 20: 1–24. Situations in which repeated measurements are taken on each of several individual items arise in many areas. These include assay development, where concentration—response data are available for each assay run in a series of assay experiments; pharmacokinetic analysis, where repeated blood concentration measurements are obtained from each of several subjects; and growth or decay studies, where growth or decay are measured over time for each plant, animal, or some other experimental unit. In these situations the model describing the response is often nonlinear in the parameters to be estimated, as is the case for the four-parameter logistic model, which is frequently used to characterize concentration—response relationships for radioimmunoassay enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, response variability typically increases with level of response. The objectives of an analysis vary according to the application: for assay analysis, calibration of unknowns for the most recent run may be of interest; in pharmacokinetics, characterization of drug disposition for a patient population may be the focus. The nonlinear mixed effects (NME) model has been used to describe repeated measurement data for which the mean response function is nonlinear. In this tutorial, the NME model is motivated and described, and several methods are given for estimation and inference in the context of the model. The methods are illustrated by application to examples from the fields of water transport kinetics, assay development, and pharmacokinetics. DA - 1993/8// PY - 1993/8// DO - 10.1016/0169-7439(93)80017-c VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 1-24 J2 - Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems LA - en OP - SN - 0169-7439 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7439(93)80017-c DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Some Simple Methods for Estimating Intraindividual Variability in Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models AU - Davidian, Marie AU - Giltinan, David M. T2 - Biometrics AB - Methods are proposed to improve both population and individual inference within the nonlinear random coefficient regression framework by incorporating possible heterogeneity in the intraindividual variance structure. These methods extend existing variance function estimation techniques by pooling information across individuals. The methods are appropriate when it is reasonable to assume that there exists a common intraindividual variance structure. DA - 1993/3// PY - 1993/3// DO - 10.2307/2532602 VL - 49 IS - 1 SP - 59 J2 - Biometrics OP - SN - 0006-341X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2532602 DB - Crossref KW - CALIBRATION KW - GENERALIZED LEAST SQUARES KW - HETEROSCEDASTICITY KW - INTEREXPERIMENT VARIABILITY KW - PHARMACOKINETICS KW - VARIANCE FUNCTION ESTIMATION ER - TY - JOUR TI - Some general estimation methods for nonlinear mixed-effects model AU - Davidian, Marie AU - Giltinan, David M. T2 - Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics AB - A nonlinear mixed-effects model suitable for characterizing repeated measurement data is described. The model allows dependence of random coefficients on covariate information and accommodates general specifications of a common intraindividual covariance structure, such as models for variance within individuals that depend on individual mean response and autocorrelation. Two classes of procedures for estimation in this model are described, which incorporate estimation of unknown parameters in the assumed intraindividual covariance structure. The procedures are straightforward to implement using standard statistical software. The techniques are illustrated by examples in growth analysis and assay development. DA - 1993/1/1/ PY - 1993/1/1/ DO - 10.1080/10543409308835047 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 23-55 J2 - Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics LA - en OP - SN - 1054-3406 1520-5711 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10543409308835047 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - High Mortality of Domestic Turkeys Associated with Highlands J Virus and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Infections AU - Ficken, M. D. AU - Wages, D. P. AU - Guy, J. S. AU - Quinn, J. A. AU - Emory, W. H. T2 - Avian Diseases AB - High mortality occurred in two flocks of commercial turkey hens placed in southern North Carolina in fall 1991. Daily mortality peaked at 3.19% in Flock 1 and 3.79% in Flock 2. Clinical signs included restlessness, somnolence, vocalization, and acute death. Gross lesions included atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen, and watery intestinal contents. Microscopic changes included moderate to marked lymphocyte necrosis and depletion in the bursa, thymus, and spleen, widely scattered necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells, and mild villous atrophy and fusion in the jejunum and ileum with cuboidal to low columnar epithelial cells covering the villous tips. In Flock 1, at 27 days of age, reovirus and picornavirus particles were detected in the feces. One week later, togavirus-like particles were observed in fecal contents, and two of seven serum samples showed seroconversion to Highlands J virus. Eleven days later, five of six serum samples were positive for antibodies against Highlands J virus, with a fourfold increase in the geometric mean titer. In Flock 2, seroconversion to eastern equine encephalitis virus was observed in four of 10 serum samples 11 days after the onset of clinical signs. Based on the above observations, it is suspected that these alphaviruses were the cause of the clinical syndrome. DA - 1993/4// PY - 1993/4// DO - 10.2307/1591693 VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 585 J2 - Avian Diseases OP - SN - 0005-2086 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1591693 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Egg-Production Drop in Turkeys Associated with Alphaviruses: Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus and Highlands J Virus AU - Wages, Dennis P. AU - Ficken, Martin D. AU - Guy, James S. AU - Cummings, Tim S. AU - Jennings, Shannon R. T2 - Avian Diseases AB - Alphaviruses were isolated from tracheas of turkey breeders in two North Carolina flocks experiencing a severe drop in egg production. Highlands J virus was isolated from one of the breeder flocks, in which production decreased by as much as 72.6% in selected houses over a 48-to-96-hour period. Eastern equine encephalitis virus was isolated from the second breeder flock, which experienced an egg-production drop of 44.5%. Clinical signs in both flocks were similar, with inactivity and the egg-production drop being the only clinical signs observed. Eggs from affected breeders were small and white, and a few were soft-shelled. Sera collected from the flocks 2 to 3 weeks after production began dropping confirmed the presence of antibodies to the viruses recovered. In the first flock, egg production failed to return to above 50%, although heat stress may have played a role in production recovery. The second flock was taken out of production and recycled. DA - 1993/10// PY - 1993/10// DO - 10.2307/1591931 VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 1163 J2 - Avian Diseases OP - SN - 0005-2086 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1591931 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF TUMBLED CURED BEEF AU - MOZDZIAK, P.E. AU - CASSENS, R.G. T2 - Journal of Muscle Foods AB - ABSTRACT Samples from bovine semimembranosus were injected to contain (1) 2.5% salt, 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), 156ppm sodium nitrite and 550 ppm ascorbic acid or (2) 156 ppm sodium nitrite and 550 ppm ascorbic acid. The product was then subjected to tumbling and heat processing. Treatment (1) produced a layer of coagulated protein on the surface of the meat and a layer of flattened fibers under the protein layer. Treatment (2) had a layer of protein, but exhibited less fiber flattening. Samples of treatment (1), but which were not tumbled, had neither a layer of protein nor flattened fibers. Measurement of water vapor loss from the meat surface revealed that there was no difference between tumbled and nontumbled treatments. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1111/j.1745-4573.1993.tb00505.x VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 237-243 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-21144465723&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Medium-chain fatty acid oxidation in colostrum-deprived newborn piglets: Stimulative effect of L-carnitine supplementation AU - Van Kempen, T.A.T.G. AU - Odle, J. T2 - Journal of Nutrition DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 123 IS - 9 SP - 1531-1537 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027220217&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Utilization of medium-chain triglycerides by neonatal pigs: effects of emulsification and dose delivered. AU - Wieland, T.M. AU - Lin, X. AU - Odle, J. T2 - Journal of animal science DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 71 IS - 7 SP - 1863-1868 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027630949&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Taurine utilization by cats AU - Odle, J. AU - Roach, M. AU - Baker, D.H. T2 - Journal of Nutrition DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 123 IS - 11 SP - 1932-1933 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027485981&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate after octanoate challenge: Attenuated ketogenic capacity in neonatal swine AU - Adams, S.H. AU - Odle, J. T2 - AM.J.PHYSIOL. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 265 IS - 4 part 2 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027674866&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Emulsification and fatty-acid chain length affect the utilization of medium-chain triglycerides by neonatal pigs. AU - Wieland, T.M. AU - Lin, X. AU - Odle, J. T2 - Journal of animal science DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 71 IS - 7 SP - 1869-1874 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027635269&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scanning electron microscopy of intraocular lenses that had been implanted in dogs AU - Gilger, B.C. AU - Whitley, R.D. AU - McLaughlin, S.A. AU - Wright, J.C. AU - Boosinger, T.R. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1993/7// PY - 1993/7// VL - 54 IS - 7 SP - 1183–1187 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clinicopathologic findings after experimental implantation of synthetic intraocular lenses in dogs AU - Gilger, B.C. AU - Whitley, R.D. AU - McLaughlin, S.A. AU - Wright, J.C. AU - Boosinger, T.R. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1993/4// PY - 1993/4// VL - 54 IS - 4 SP - 616–621 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Corneal thickness measured by ultrasonic pachymetry in cats AU - Gilger, B.C. AU - Wright, J.C. AU - Whitley, R.D. AU - McLaughlin, S.A. T2 - American Journal of Veterinary Research DA - 1993/2// PY - 1993/2// VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 228–230 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clostridium septicum septicemia in a neonatal foal with hemorrhagic enteritis AU - Jones, S.L. AU - Wilson, W.D. T2 - The Cornell Veterinarian DA - 1993/4// PY - 1993/4// VL - 83 IS - 2 SP - 143–151 UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/8467700 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Neodymium:Yttnum Aluminum Garnet Laser Irradiation on Endometrium and on Endometrial Cysts in Six Mares AU - BLIKSLAGER, A.T. AU - TATE, L.P. AU - WEINSTOCK, D. T2 - Veterinary Surgery AB - Effects of neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation on equine endometrium were evaluated In vitro and in six mares with endometrial cysts. The Nd:YAG laser was applied to six endometrial sites, in each of five uterine specimens, with power densities of 5659 to 33,954 J/cm 2 . Depth of tissue ablation was measured and graded on histologic sections of the tissue lesions. Power density had a significant effect on the depth of tissue ablation (p < .001). Grade 3 lesions (full‐thickness ablation of the endometrium) were created with energy densities of 16,977 to 33,954 J/cm 2 . Six mares had endometrial cysts treated by photoablation. Two of the four mares that were reproductively sound but barren, despite appropriate breeding, produced foals after treatment. One mare remained reproductively unsound after treatment, and another mare that was treated postpartum was bred successfully. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1993.tb00411.x VL - 22 IS - 5 SP - 351-356 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027661255&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surgical management of urolithiasis in small ruminants. AU - Haven, M.L. AU - Bowman, K.F. AU - Engelbert, T.A. AU - Blikslager, A.T. T2 - The Cornell veterinarian DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 83 IS - 1 SP - 47-55 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027342746&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dystrophic (Dermolytic) Epidermolysis Bullosa in a Cat AU - WHITE, S.D. AU - DUNSTAN, R.W. AU - OLIVRY, T. AU - NAYDAN, D.K. AU - RICHTER, K. T2 - Veterinary Dermatology AB - Abstract— Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa was diagnosed in an 8‐month‐old male domestic shorthaired cat. Lesions noted were paronychia, ulcers on the palate, oropharynx, gums and tongue, as well as ulceration and crusts on the metacarpal, metatarsal and digital pads. Histology of lesions showed dermal‐epidermaj separation and ulceration. Immunohistochemistry showed collagen IV (characteristic of the lamina densa) located at the roof of the cleft at both the dermal‐epidermal and follicular‐dermal interfaces. Electron microscopy showed the dermal‐epidermal cleft to be sublamina densa. Résumé— Une épidermolyse bulleuse dystrophíque a été diagnostiquée chez un chat européen à poils courts de huit mois. Les lésions étaient une paronychie, des ulcères du palai, de l'oropharynx, des gencives et de la langue ains que des ulcères et des croutes au niveau des métacarpes, métatarses et coussinets plantaires. L'examen histologique des lésions faiasait apparaitre des ulcérations et des disjonctions derme/épiderme. L'étude immunohistochimique a montré la présence de fibres de collagène IV (caractéristiques de la lamina densa) sur lew toit des bulles tant au niveau des interfaces derme/épiderme que derme/follicule. La microscopie électronique a montré que les séparations derme/épiderme se faisaient au niveau de la sublamina densa. Zusammenfassung— Eine dystrophe Epidermolysis bullosa wurde bei einer achtjährigen kurzhaarigen männlichen hauskatze diagnostiziert. Die beschriebenen Veränderungen bestanden in Paronychie, Ulzera an Gaumen, Oropharynx, Gingiva und Zunge sowie Ulzerationen und Krusten an den metacarpalen, metatarsalen und digitalen Ballen. Die Histologie der Veränderungen zeigte dermal‐epidermale Trennungen und Ulzerationen. Mit der Immunhistochemie wurde Kollagen IV nachgewiesen (ein Kennzeichen der Lamina densa), das am Gewölbe der Spaltbildung sowohl an den derma‐epidermalen als auch an den follikulär‐dermalen Schnittstellen lokalisiert war. Die Elektronenmikroskopie zeigte, daß die dermal‐epidermale Spaltbildung die Sublamina densa darstellte. Resumen En un gato macho de ocho meses doméstico de pelo corto se diagnóstico epidermolisis distrófica bullosa. Las lesiones presentes fueron paroniquia, úlceras del paladar, orofaringe, encías y lengua, así como ulceraciones y costras en las regiones del metacarpo, metatarso, y almohadillas plantares. Las lesiones histologicas consistieron de separación y ulceración a nivel de la dermis y epidermis. Exámenes inmunohistoquímicos demostraron la presencia de colágeno IV (característico de la lámina densa), localizado en el techo de las indentactiones en ambas interfases, epidermo‐dérmica y foliculo‐dérmica. Por medio de microscopía electrónica se comprobo que las indentaciones de la dermis y epidermis consistían de sublámina densa. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3164.1993.tb00197.x VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 91-95 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84995135325&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lymphocytes protect against and are not required for reovirus-induced myocarditis AU - Sherry, B. AU - Li, XY AU - Tyler, KL AU - Cullen, JM AU - Virgin, HW, 4th T2 - Journal of Virology C2 - 238034 DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 67 IS - 10 SP - 6119–6124 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cytopathogenic effect in cardiac myocytes but not in cardiac fibroblasts is correlated with reovirus-induced acute myocarditis AU - Baty, C.J. AU - Sherry, B. T2 - Journal of Virology C2 - 238056 DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 67 IS - 10 SP - 6295–6298 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hypothesis: the central oscillator of the circadian clock is a controlled chaotic attractor AU - Lloyd, Alun L. AU - Lloyd, David T2 - Biosystems AB - Controlled chaos may be important for the generation of rhythmic behaviour in living systems. A model is proposed in which the central circadian oscillator is a chaotic attractor. Whereas a limit cycle mechanism (previously invoked to explain circadian clocks as well as ultradian clocks and cell division cycles) can provide only a single stable periodic orbit, a chaotic attractor can generate rich dynamic behaviour. Control by feedback makes accessible a selected stabilized orbit; this can be chosen so as to optimize system performance. Such a system can accommodate a wide variety of requirements, e.g. that a single clock mutation can affect both period and temperature compensation, and the generation of higher periods from an ultradian oscillator. Simultaneous operation of more than one clock (with differing periods) may require a high-dimension chaotic attractor. Attractive features of such a model include versatility of period selection (e.g. as in the per mutants of Drosophila) and the use of control elements of the type already well known in metabolic circuitry. DA - 1993/1// PY - 1993/1// DO - 10.1016/0303-2647(93)90085-q VL - 29 IS - 2-3 SP - 77-85 J2 - Biosystems LA - en OP - SN - 0303-2647 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(93)90085-q DB - Crossref KW - CHAOS KW - CIRCADIAN CLOCK KW - ULTRADIAN CLOCK KW - CELL DIVISION CYCLE KW - BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS KW - BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS KW - PER MUTATION IN DROSOPHILA KW - FRQ MUTATION IN NEUROSPORA ER - TY - JOUR TI - An inexpensive infrared growth sensor array for detection of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility AU - Mason, David J. AU - Lloyd, Alun L. AU - Lloyd, David T2 - FEMS Microbiology Letters AB - An inexpensive infrared sensor was constructed and used for the rapid testing of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility by detection of changes in absorbance at 950 nm. By comparing cultures of clinical isolates together with control strains (Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 or Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10662) after addition of an antibiotic, results on susceptibility were obtained within 3-5 h from the original plate culture. Representative strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus were tested successfully against ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin or ciprofloxacin. DA - 1993/8// PY - 1993/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06394.x VL - 111 IS - 2-3 SP - 251-254 LA - en OP - SN - 0378-1097 1574-6968 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06394.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modulation of cellular and humoral immunity, and disease manifestation during onset of patency in Brugia pahangi-infected dogs AU - Schreuer, D. AU - Hammerberg, B. T2 - Immunology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 79 SP - 658–666 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On equations of state for hard chain fluids AU - Yethiraj, Arun AU - Hall, Carol K. T2 - Molecular Physics AB - Several equations of state for hard chains that have been reported in the literature are tested against the simulation data of Gao and Weiner. It is found that the thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT-2) of Wertheim and the generalized Flory-Dimer theory (GF-D) of Honnell and Hall are the most accurate. A form of the GF-D theory which includes information about the trimer fluid is investigated. The new equation is better than the GF-D and TPT-2 equations at low densities, but not as good as the GF-D or the TPT-2 equations at high densities. DA - 1993/10/10/ PY - 1993/10/10/ DO - 10.1080/00268979300102401 VL - 80 IS - 2 SP - 469-477 J2 - Molecular Physics LA - en OP - SN - 0026-8976 1362-3028 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268979300102401 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Equations of state for square well chain fluids using the generalized flory approach AU - Hall, C.K. AU - Yethiraj, A. AU - Wichert, J.M. T2 - Fluid Phase Equilibria AB - The application of the Generalized Flory-Dimer theory (GFD) to square well chain fluids is described. Molecules are modelled as chains of tangent hard spheres that interact via a site-site square well potential u(rij), where sites i and j are on different chains. The derivation of the GFD theory is reviewed; this is based on a combination of mean-field and geometric arguments. The resulting equation of state is in very good agreement with Monte Carlo computer simulation results for chains of length n = 16 and 32 at reduced temperatures T∗ = 2.0 and 3.0 and volume fractions η = 0.1 to 0.4. DA - 1993/2// PY - 1993/2// DO - 10.1016/0378-3812(93)87034-x VL - 83 SP - 313-322 J2 - Fluid Phase Equilibria LA - en OP - SN - 0378-3812 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(93)87034-x DB - Crossref KW - THEORY KW - EQUATION OF STATE KW - CHAIN FLUIDS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preventative medicine for pet fishes AU - Lewbart, G.A. AU - Harms, C.A. T2 - Journal of Small Exotic Animal Medicine DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 128–132 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Care and handling of pet fish AU - Lewbart, G.A. T2 - Veterinary Technician DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 14 IS - 8 SP - 478–482 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECT OF TUMOR PRESENCE ON CISPLATIN AND CARBOPLATIN - DISPOSITION IN THE ISOLATED, PERFUSED TUMOR AND SKIN FLAP AU - VADEN, SL AU - WILLIAMS, PL AU - PAGE, RL AU - RIVIERE, JE T2 - CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY DA - 1993/4// PY - 1993/4// DO - 10.1007/BF00685873 VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 31-38 SN - 0344-5704 KW - CISPLATIN KW - CARBOPLATIN KW - ISOLATED TUMOR PERFUSION ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development and characterization of an isolated and perfused tumor and skin preparation for evaluation of drug disposition AU - Vaden, S. L. AU - Page, R. L. AU - Peters, B. P. AU - Cline, J. M. AU - Riviere, J. E. T2 - Cancer Research DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 53 SP - 101-105 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis AU - Riviere, J. E. AU - Vaden, S. T2 - Disease mechanisms in small animal surgery PY - 1993/// SP - 66-69 PB - Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger SN - 0812114914 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Canine Exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi and Prevalence of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) on Deer as a Measure of Lyme Disease Risk in the Northeastern United States AU - Daniels, Thomas J. AU - Fish, Durland AU - Levine, Jay F. AU - Greco, Martha A. AU - Eaton, Alan T. AU - Padgett, Penelope J. AU - Lapointe, Dennis A. T2 - Journal of Medical Entomology AB - Journal Article Canine Exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi and Prevalence of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) on Deer as a Measure of Lyme Disease Risk in the Northeastern United States Get access Thomas J. Daniels, Thomas J. Daniels Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Durland Fish, Durland Fish Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jay F. Levine, Jay F. Levine 1 Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 1Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martha A. Greco, Martha A. Greco 2 Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 2Center for Veterinary Public Health, Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD 21201. Current address: P.O. Box 31, Reedsburg, WI 53959. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alan T. Eaton, Alan T. Eaton 3 Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 3Department of Entomology, Nesmith Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Penelope J. Padgett, Penelope J. Padgett 4 Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 4Department of Biology, FSC Box F214, Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA 17257. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dennis A. Lapointe Dennis A. Lapointe 5 Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 5Department of Entomology, Fernald Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003. Current address: Department of Entomology, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 30, Issue 1, 1 January 1993, Pages 171–178, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/30.1.171 Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Received: 16 June 1992 Accepted: 08 October 1992 Published: 01 January 1993 DA - 1993/1/1/ PY - 1993/1/1/ DO - 10.1093/jmedent/30.1.171 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 171-178 LA - en OP - SN - 1938-2928 0022-2585 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/30.1.171 DB - Crossref KW - LYME DISEASE KW - SEROSURVEY KW - TICKS ER - TY - CONF TI - Use of air/liquid interface guinea pig tracheal epithelial cell culture system for assessment of interactions between inhaled substances and airways. AU - Adler, K. B. C2 - 1993/// C3 - Proceedings of the Toxicol Forum 1993 Annual Winter Meeting DA - 1993/// VL - 1993 SP - 14-19 M1 - Winter ER - TY - CHAP TI - Study of xenobiotics and airway epithelium in vitro. AU - Cohn, L. A. AU - Akley, N. J. AU - Adler, K. B. T2 - Fiber toxicology. PY - 1993/// SP - 171-194 ER - TY - JOUR TI - RAT TRACHEAL EPITHELIAL-CELL DIFFERENTIATION IN-VITRO AU - KAARTINEN, L AU - NETTESHEIM, P AU - ADLER, KB AU - RANDELL, SH T2 - IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL DA - 1993/6// PY - 1993/6// DO - 10.1007/bf02639383 VL - 29A IS - 6 SP - 481-492 SN - 1543-706X KW - COLLAGEN KW - DIFFERENTIATION KW - KERATIN KW - MUCIN KW - RETINOIDS KW - TRANSGLUTAMINASE ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of air/liquid interface guinea pig tracheal epithelial cell culture systems for assessment of interactions between inhaled substances and airways. AU - Adler, K. B. AU - Cohn, L. A. T2 - Proceedings of the Toxicology Forum 1993. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of air/liquid interface cultures to assess polarized responses of airway epithelium to toxicants. AU - Adler, K. B. AU - Cohn, L. A. T2 - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology. Animal DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 29A SP - 46A ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antioxidant scavenging by guinea pig and human airway epithelial cells in vitro: mechanisms of H2O2 clearance. AU - Cohn, L. A. AU - Adler, K. B. T2 - American Review of Respiratory Disease DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 147 SP - A440 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Water mold infections of freshwater fish: Recent advances AU - Noga, E. J. T2 - Annual Review of Fish Diseases DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 3 SP - 291 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CLINICAL MYCOPLASMA-GALLISEPTICUM INFECTION IN MULTIPLIER BREEDER AND MEAT TURKEYS CAUSED BY F-STRAIN - IDENTIFICATION BY SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS, RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS, AND THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AU - LEY, DH AU - AVAKIAN, AP AU - BERKHOFF, JE T2 - AVIAN DISEASES AB - In February 1991, a flock of North Carolina multiplier breeder turkeys experienced respiratory signs, sinusitis, airsacculitis, and increased mortality. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) was isolated, and appropriate control measures were initiated. Ultimately, this outbreak involved several breeder flocks of an integrated turkey production company before the last infected flock was identified in May 1991. During this time, MG was also isolated from a flock of commercial layer-type chickens raised as pullets in close proximity to the index turkey flock. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and restriction endonuclease analysis indicated that these isolates were identical to each other and to examples of the vaccinal F strain. Additionally, MG isolates from the affected turkey breeder and layer flocks were identified as MG F strain by use of an F strain-specific DNA probe and polymerase chain reaction. A separate outbreak of MG disease in several meat-turkey flocks of a Midwest producer/processor yielded isolates identified as F strain by the polymerase chain reaction. These studies demonstrated: 1) the utility of newer technologies for disease outbreak investigations; and 2) the potential of MG F strain to cause disease in breeder and meat turkeys under field conditions. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2307/1592041 VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 854-862 SN - 1938-4351 KW - MYCOPLASMA-GALLISEPTICUM KW - F-STRAIN KW - TURKEY KW - SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE POLYACRYL-AMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS KW - RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE KW - POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ER - TY - JOUR TI - A case of mycotic lung disease in a wild caught juvenile sea turtle AU - Lewbart, G. A. AU - Medway, W. T2 - Journal of Small Exotic Animal Medicine DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 58 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A NEW ICHTHYOTOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE - CAUSE OF ACUTE MORTALITY IN AQUARIUM FISHES AU - NOGA, EJ AU - SMITH, SA AU - BURKHOLDER, JM AU - HOBBS, C AU - BULLIS, RA T2 - VETERINARY RECORD DA - 1993/7/24/ PY - 1993/7/24/ DO - 10.1136/vr.133.4.96 VL - 133 IS - 4 SP - 96-97 SN - 0042-4900 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diagnosis of feline retroviral infections AU - Tompkins, M. B. T2 - Veterinary Technician DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 205 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developmental rate of juvenile hormone metabolism in Lepidoptera AU - Roe, Richard AU - Jesudason, P. AU - Venkatesh, K. AU - Kallapur, V. L. AU - Anspaugh, D. D. AU - Majumder, C. AU - Linderman, R. J. AU - Graves, D. M. T2 - American Zoologist AB - SYNOPSIS. Lepidopteran juvenile hormone (JH) esterase appears to have a functional role in the regulation of embryogenesis, larval growth and development, and adult reproduction. In preovipositional and newly laid eggs of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, JH esterase activity was elevated presumably to metabolize maternal JHs, and then declined after blastoderm formation. Also, a single peak in hemolymph JH esterase activity was found prior to ecdysis in the second through the fourth instar of M. sexta, the function of which is unclear. However, in the last instar, elevated hemolymph JH esterase activity was noted prior to wandering and again prior to ecdysis to scavenge the last traces of JH necessary for normal development. The hemolymph JH esterase is likely of multiple tissue origin for the prewandering peak with the fat body excluded as a source for the prepupal peak; an inhibitory factor from the brain and JH regulate JH esterase biosynthesis. In adult cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni, elevated hemolymph JH esterase activity appeared to be important in reducing the JH titer and preventing egg maturation. Structure/activity data with trifluoromethylketones were incorporated into the design of a novel, JH esterase inhibitor, the sulfone and hydrate of octylthio-1,1,1- trifluoropropan-2-one, with selective and persistent, in vivo inhibitory activity. The topical application of this compound to last instar larvae and virgin adults of T. ni produced juvenizing effects (delayed pupation and induced egg maturation/oviposition, respectively) providing direct evidence of a functional role for JH esterase in lepidopteran development. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1093/icb/33.3.375 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 375 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A BOOST TECHNIQUE FOR IRRADIATION OF MALIGNANT CANINE NASAL TUMORS AU - THRALL, DE AU - MCENTEE, MC AU - NOVOTNEY, C AU - HAUCK, ML AU - PAGE, RL T2 - VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND AB - Eighteen dogs with malignant nasal cavity tumors were treated with radiation therapy, including a boost technique. Three 3:0 Gy boost doses were added to a treatment protocol consisting of sixteen 3.0 Gy daily fractions, bringing the total dose to 57 Gy. This boost technique was implemented without an associated increase in overall treatment time by giving the boost doses on a twice‐a‐day basis. Boost doses were given during the first half of the radiation therapy period. The treatment was completed as planned in 16 of the 18 dogs; two dogs received lower doses (51 and 54 Gy). Median survival was 177 days, poorer than in some other reported studies of nasal tumor irradiation. Acute effects were unacceptable, with 11 of the 18 dogs developing severe mucositis, desquamation, edema, swelling, and pruritus. The extensive nature of the acute reactions compromised assessment of the effect of the increased radiation dose on the tumor. Although there is justification for assessing more aggressive radiation protocols in canine nasal tumor patients, total doses approximating 60 Gy can not be given as described because of the inability of acutely responding normal tissues to compensate. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1993.tb01579.x VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 295-300 SN - 1740-8261 KW - BOOST IRRADIATION KW - RADIATION THERAPY KW - DOG KW - NASAL TUMOR ER - TY - JOUR TI - Accessing the genome of the chicken using germline chimeras AU - Petitte, J. N. AU - Brazolot, C. L. AU - Clark, M. E. AU - Liu, G. D. AU - Gibbins, A. M. V. AU - Etches, R. J. T2 - Manipulation of the avian genome DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// SP - 81 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance characteristics of diagnostic tests for avian chlamydiosis AU - Ley, D. H. AU - Flammer, K. AU - Cowen, P. AU - Whitt, D. T2 - Journal of the Association of Avian Veterinarians DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2307/27671089 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Field anesthesia in the North American river otter (Lutra canadensis) AU - Spelman, L. H. AU - Summer, P. W. AU - Levine, J. F. AU - Stoskopf, M. K. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 19–27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tickborne diseases of dogs AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. T2 - Veterinary Technician DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 291 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relative utilization of reptiles and rodents as hosts by immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in the coastal plain of North Carolina, USA AU - Apperson, C. S. AU - Levine, J. F. AU - Evans, T. L. AU - Braswell, A. AU - Heller, J. T2 - Experimental & Applied Acarology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 17 IS - 10 SP - 719-731 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION OF YOUNG TURKEYS WITH EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS AND HIGHLANDS J-VIRUS AU - GUY, JS AU - FICKEN, MD AU - BARNES, HJ AU - WAGES, DP AU - SMITH, LG T2 - AVIAN DISEASES AB - Depression, somnolence, and increased mortality were observed in 2-week-old turkeys inoculated intramuscularly with either eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus or Highlands J (HJ) virus. Mortality rates in EEE virus- and HJ virus-inoculated turkeys were 7/30 (23%) and 9/30 (27%), respectively; no sham-inoculated controls died. Both EEE virus- and HJ virus-inoculated turkeys developed viremia that lasted 2 days; peak mean titers were 5.5 and 3.2 log10 plaque-forming units per ml of blood, respectively. Pathologic changes in both EEE virus- and HJ virus-inoculated turkeys consisted primarily of multifocal necrosis in the heart, kidney, and pancreas, and lymphoid necrosis and depletion in the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius. The findings indicate that EEE virus and HJ virus are pathogenic for young turkeys. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// DO - 10.2307/1591663 VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 389-395 SN - 0005-2086 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acute membranous glomerulopathy in a dog with retrobulbar cellulitis AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. AU - Menard, M. R. AU - Cullen, J. M. AU - Davidson, M. G. T2 - Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 29 IS - 6 SP - 536 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Risk factors associated with acute pancreatitis in dogs: 101 cases (1985-1990) AU - Cook, A. K. AU - Breitschwerdt, E. B. AU - Levine, J. F. AU - Bunch, S. E. AU - Linn, L. O. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 1993/// PY - 1993/// VL - 203 IS - 5 SP - 673-679 ER - TY - JOUR TI - HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF HEPATIC CARCINOGENESIS IN TRANSGENIC MICE EXPRESSING SV40 T-ANTIGENS AU - CULLEN, JM AU - SANDGREN, EP AU - BRINSTER, RL AU - MARONPOT, RR T2 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY AB - The development of hepatic neoplasms was histologically characterized in transgenic mice that expressed an albumin enhancer-promotor/SV40 T-antigen fusion gene. At least five transgenic and three control mice were examined at monthly intervals over a 3-month period. At 1 month of age, five transgenic mice (two male, three female) and three controls (one male, two female) were examined. Five transgenic mice (two male, three female) and three controls (one male, two female) were examined at 2 months of age. Fourteen transgenic mice (12 male, two female) and three controls (two male, one female) were examined at 3 months of age. At 1 month of age, liver-to-body weight ratios of transgenic mice were increased nearly twofold as compared with controls. Histologically, livers from transgenic mice were characterized by dysplastic hepatocytes with marked variation in nucleus and cell size. At 2 months of age, livers from transgenic mice were 2.5 times larger than control livers and contained numerous 1–5-mm cystic spaces. Transgenic livers also contained multiple eosinophilic, basophilic, and clear foci, as well as cystic, hyperplastic bile ducts and biliary adenomas. At 3 months of age, transgenic livers were enlarged over eightfold as compared with controls and contained numerous cysts and solid masses up to 2 cm in diameter. Trabecular, glandular, and anaplastic hepatocellular carcinomas, as well as benign and malignant biliary neoplasms, were diagnosed. No metastasis was observed. Subcutaneous trabecular hepatocellular carcinomas developed in two of three syngeneic mice that had received transplants of a solid hepatic neoplasm, confirming the neoplastic behavior of these tumors. These experiments, in which viral oncogene expression is targeted to all hepatocytes, support the multistage hypothesis of tumor development and illustrate the similarities in morphologic response of liver to a variety of carcinogenic insults. DA - 1993/3// PY - 1993/3// DO - 10.1177/030098589303000203 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 111-118 SN - 1544-2217 KW - LIVER KW - NEOPLASIA KW - ONCOGENE KW - SIMIAN VIRUS-40 KW - T-ANTIGENS KW - TRANSGENIC MICE ER - TY - JOUR TI - MINIMAL ROLE OF ENHANCED CELL-PROLIFERATION IN SKIN TUMOR PROMOTION BY MIREX - A NONPHORBOL ESTER-TYPE PROMOTER AU - MEYER, SA AU - MOSER, GJ AU - MONTEIRORIVIERE, NA AU - SMART, RC T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES DA - 1993/12// PY - 1993/12// DO - 10.2307/3431879 VL - 101 IS - Suppl. 5 SP - 265-269 SN - 0091-6765 ER -