TY - CONF TI - Podcasting to Communicate Science: Using Citizen Science Studies C2 - 2020/9/12/ C3 - Citizen Science in Higher Education Symposium 2020 DA - 2020/9/12/ UR - https://blog.scistarter.org/2020/10/nc-state-citizen-science-campus-2020-citizen-science-higher-education-symposium/#:~:text=On%20September%2012%2C%20the%20NC,higher%20education%20improve%20citizen%20science%3F ER - TY - CONF TI - Usability Testing and Experience Design in Citizen Science AU - O'Keeffe, Willamina H. AU - Walls, Douglas AB - Networked communication technologies have been deployed in efforts to engage citizens in scientific inquiry through mediated approaches. The use of digital networked technologies in the citizen science space, however, retains the same problems of usability and access that other digital experiences in terms of inclusion. A user experience research orientation to the problem of citizen science inclusivity may prove to be useful to public science projects seeking to engage with citizen-users traditionally marginalized from citizen science projects. C2 - 2020/10/3/ C3 - Proceedings of the 38th ACM International Conference on Design of Communication DA - 2020/10/3/ DO - 10.1145/3380851.3416768 PB - ACM UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3380851.3416768 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Reflexivity of Rigged Ratings AU - Hessler, Jennifer T2 - Flow DA - 2020/2/3/ PY - 2020/2/3/ VL - 26 IS - 4 UR - https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/d1119ae4-b6df-401b-bd82-df092acc99c3 ER - TY - CHAP TI - The Portable Peoplemeter Initiative AU - Hessler, Jennifer T2 - Laboring Bodies and the Quantified Self A2 - Reichardt, Ulfried A2 - Schober, Regina PY - 2020/9/15/ SP - 189-214 PB - Columbia University Press UR - https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/8cef864e-1d1e-458a-a83e-ae5f7e438a16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Future of the Ratings Panel AU - Hessler, Jennifer T2 - Flow DA - 2020/5/4/ PY - 2020/5/4/ VL - 26 IS - 7 UR - https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/1a96624e-1a3b-439a-be85-4c4a2700db84 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Experience of Scholarly Labor: Recording Affect in Transcription AU - Simon, Margaret T2 - Early Modern Studies Journal DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// VL - 7 SP - 15–29 ER - TY - CHAP TI - The fractured pedagogy of care: How Hogwarts’ teachers (don’t) demonstrate self-care AU - McConnel, J. T2 - Lessons from Hogwarts: Essays on the Pedagogy of Harry Potter A2 - Rovan, M. A2 - Wehler, M. PY - 2020/// PB - McFarland ER - TY - JOUR TI - Co-Creating Confident Writing Classrooms: A Framework for Teachers AU - McConnel, Jen AU - Beach, Pamela T2 - Writers who care DA - 2020/10/26/ PY - 2020/10/26/ UR - https://writerswhocare.wordpress.com/2020/10/26/co-creating-confident-writing-classrooms-a-framework-for-teachers/ ER - TY - ER - TY - ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metaphors for Literacy: Making Space for Layered Perspectives about Writing AU - McConnel, Jen T2 - English Journal AB - A teacher educator explores the way students’ metaphors for literacy reveal depth and complicated emotions. DA - 2020/11/1/ PY - 2020/11/1/ DO - 10.58680/ej202030971 VL - 110 IS - 2 SP - 85–91 SN - 0013-8274 2161-8895 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ej202030971 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Elementary teachers’ cognitive processes and metacognitive strategies during self-directed online learning AU - Beach, Pamela AU - Henderson, Gail AU - McConnel, Jen T2 - Teachers and Teaching AB - This study involves an in-depth examination of Canadian elementary teachers’ cognitive processes and metacognitive strategies they used during a self-directed online learning experience. The virtual revisit think aloud, a methodology that combines a retrospective procedure with screen recording technology, was used to capture verbalisations from 13 elementary teachers as they used an online database. Resulting think aloud protocols and post-task interviews were analysed using qualitative methods. An inductive approach to analysis led to six themes related to the types of cognitive processes and metacognitive strategies teachers use during self-directed online learning: connecting to practice, tweaking and adapting, narrowing the focus, skimming through, reading for depth, and source credibility. The teachers in this study demonstrated a non-linear iterative process in which they continuously planned, monitored, and evaluated their learning during the self-directed online learning experience. Implications for teacher learning and research are discussed. DA - 2020/8/17/ PY - 2020/8/17/ DO - 10.1080/13540602.2020.1863206 VL - 26 IS - 5-6 SP - 395-413 J2 - Teachers and Teaching LA - en OP - SN - 1354-0602 1470-1278 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2020.1863206 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does the content of financial literacy education resources vary based on who made or paid for them? AU - Henderson, G.E. AU - Beach, P. AU - Sun, L. AU - McConnel, J. T2 - Citizenship, Social and Economics Education AB - In the decade since the global financial crisis, an increasing number of jurisdictions have added mandatory financial literacy education to school curricula. Governments recognize that this increases the burden on teachers, who may also lack the confidence to teach financial literacy. One response is to encourage the use of resources produced or sponsored by the financial services industry. The concern is that these resources may promote the industry’s interest in maximizing profits and minimizing regulation over students’ interest in becoming empowered financial consumers. As a first step in investigating this concern, we compared resources from the Canadian Financial Literacy Database produced or sponsored by the financial services industry with those produced by government, non-profit organizations and individuals. We focused on online resources intended for use by elementary teachers and students to determine whether the key themes and messages conveyed vary based on who made or paid for the resource. We found that key themes are consistent across resources, regardless of industry affiliation, but that resources produced or sponsored by the financial services industry are more likely to exhibit a moralistic tone. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// DO - 10.1177/2047173420961031 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 192-210 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85091769342&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Brightest Part of the Forest: A Grit Analysis of an Ontario Children’s Book Award AU - McConnel, Jen AU - Leon, Clarissa De T2 - Language and Literacy AB - This study explores how grit manifests in the nominees of Ontario’s Forest of Reading Blue Spruce Award children’s literature competition from 2013-2018. Performing a document analysis (Bowen, 2009), we used a modified version of Duckworth’s (2018) grit scale to gauge the grittiness of the nominees’ protagonists. We found that 28 of the 60 titles portrayed grit with 19 of those titles scoring four or higher on the modified grit scale indicating that protagonists had consistently high scores for the various aspects of grit. Our paper concludes with a discussion about implications to educators seeking to use these books to engage students in discussions about grit and resilience. DA - 2020/7/15/ PY - 2020/7/15/ DO - 10.20360/langandlit29473 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 64-79 UR - https://doi.org/10.20360/langandlit29473 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metaphors for Literacy: Making Space for Layered Perspectives about Writing DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gattung als soziale Handlung AU - Miller, C. T2 - Gattungsheorie DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// SP - 212–241 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Scholarly Interview with Carolyn Rae Miller, Ph.D. from North Carolina State University on Genre and Rhetorical Studies AU - Miller, C. T2 - Master's in Communication DA - 2020/4// PY - 2020/4// UR - https://www.mastersincommunications.com/scholarly-interviews/dr-carolyn-rae-miller-rhetorical-studies. ER - TY - CHAP TI - A History of RSA in Ten Minutes AU - Miller, C. T2 - Reinventing Rhetoric Scholarship: Fifty Years of the Rhetoric Society of America A2 - Mountford, Roxanne A2 - Tell, Dave A2 - Blakesley, David PY - 2020/// SP - 19–23 PB - Parlor Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Revisiting ‘A Humanistic Rationale for Technical Writing.’ AU - Miller, C. T2 - College English DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// VL - 85 IS - 2 SP - 443–448 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Kairos in the Rhetoric of Science AU - Miller, C. T2 - Landmark Essays on Rhetoric of Science: Theories, Themes, and Methods A2 - Harris, Randy Allen PY - 2020/// SP - 184–202 PB - Routledge ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Activist Syllabus as Technical Communication and the Technical Communicator as Curator of Public Intellectualism AU - Bivens, Kristin Marie AU - Cole, Kirsti AU - Heilig, Leah T2 - Technical Communication Quarterly AB - Recently, educators have created crowdsourced syllabi using social media. Activist syllabi are digitally circulated public collections of knowledge and knowledge-making about events and social movements. As technical communicators, we can function as curators of public intellectualism by providing accessibility and usability guidance for these activist syllabi in collaboration with activist syllabi creators. In turn, technical communicators can work with syllabi creators as a coalitional social justice strategy to enhance the circulation of these activist syllabi. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// DO - 10.1080/10572252.2019.1635211 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 70-89 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85076502716&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Geoffrey Chaucer, The Man of Law's Tale from The Canterbury Tales AU - Chaucer, Geoffrey T2 - Medieval Disability Sourcebook: Western Europe A2 - Broyles, Paul A. A2 - McNabb, Cameron Hunt PY - 2020/3/26/ DO - 10.21983/P3.0276.1.00 SP - 260–275 UR - https://punctumbooks.com/titles/medieval-disability-sourcebook/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Digital Editions and Version Numbering AU - Broyles, Paul A. T2 - DHQ: Digital Humanities Quarterly DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// VL - 14 IS - 2 UR - http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/14/2/000455/000455.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exercising Genres: A Rejoinder to Anne Freadman AU - Miller, Carolyn R. T2 - Discourse and Writing/Rédactologie AB - Anne Freadman’s engagement with Rhetorical Genre Studies (RGS) is informed, generous, illuminating, and provocative. She does us the service of placing into a broad intellectual context the recent conversations about genre within the developing RGS tradition. She has done me the honour of reading my work thoroughly and carefully, more carefully in some cases than I wrote it. She has taken up Rhetorical Genre Studies in her own way and given us much in return. And in response, I feel … well … compelled to reply, to take up the conversation, to add to the chain of semiosis. DA - 2020/8/20/ PY - 2020/8/20/ DO - 10.31468/cjsdwr.843 VL - 30 SP - 133-140 J2 - DW/R OP - SN - 2563-7320 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.31468/cjsdwr.843 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Some Perspectives on Rhetoric, Science, and History AU - Miller, Carolyn R. T2 - Humanistic Aspects of Technical Communication A2 - Dombrowski, Paul M. PY - 2020/11/25/ DO - 10.4324/9781315231433-7 SP - 111-123 PB - Routledge SN - 9781315231433 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315231433-7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Kalasha (Pakistan) - Language Snapshot AU - Hussain, Qandeel AU - Mielke, Jeff T2 - Language Documentation and Description DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// VL - 17 SP - 66–75 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Bahamian English: morphology and syntax AU - Reaser, Jeffrey AU - Torbert, Benjamin T2 - A Handbook of Varieties of English A2 - Kortmann, Bernd A2 - Schneider, Edgar W. PY - 2020/12/31/ DO - 10.1515/9783110197181-101 SP - 1583-1598 PB - De Gruyter SN - 9783110197181 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110197181-101 ER - TY - CONF TI - Understanding How Freshmen Engineering Students Think They Learn AU - Bernold, Leonhard AU - Spurlin, Joni AU - Crossland, Cathy AU - Anson, Chris T2 - 2003 Annual Conference AB - Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Session 2793 Understanding How Freshmen Engineering Students Think They Learn Joni E. Spurlin, Leonhard E. Bernold, Cathy L. Crossland, and Chris M. Anson, Ph.D. North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695 Introduction The work in this project is founded on an ongoing effort sponsored by the National Science Foundation* which has as its goal the establishment of a thorough understanding of “what freshmen do” when it comes to “college study” and how or whether their behavior changes during the first year. This new research effort, lead by the authors at North Carolina State University, is presently surveying 930 freshmen engineering students who started their college career in August 2002. The main data collection tools include: a) Pittsburgh Freshman Engineering Attitude Survey, b) Learning and Study Skills Inventory (LASSI), c) Learning Type Measure (LTM), and d) bi-weekly questions developed by the authors which students answered throughout their first semester. The Pittsburgh Freshman Engineering Attitude Survey is designed to assess their opinions, feelings, and confidence about engineering and learning engineering. The survey was given again at the end of the first semester to assess any changes. The LASSI and LTM are designed to help students understand and identify the ways they learn. The surveys questions that the students answered throughout the semester were focused on how they were learning, access to faculty and academic services, and changes during the first semester. One of the key premises of this project is that making them effective learners within the college environment, which is very different to what they are used to, may reduce the 57% attrition rate of freshman engineering students. Studies have shown that failing engineering freshman don’t have lower academic abilities; in fact, some of them have higher IQ’s than the average engineering student.1 Other studies demonstrate that traditional lecture oriented teaching leads to lower performance, negative attitudes towards engineering, and decreased self-confidence of some of the students.2 Hermann 3 concluded that , although employers need innovative engineers with strong communication and open-ended problem-solving skills, the heavily analytical and rote problem-solving orientation of current engineering curricula does not foster those needed skills. In a positive national context for employment in engineering, there is an urgent need for research to examine the institutional, pedagogical, and personal reasons for students to give up their pursuit of a career in engineering. Our study is investigating this phenomenon in ways that can help to inform and reform undergraduate education in engineering. * Grant funded by National Science Foundation, Division of Engineering Education and Centers, Award # 0212150 “Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, Copyright © 2003, American Society for Engineering Education” C2 - 2020/9/3/ C3 - Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition DA - 2020/9/3/ DO - 10.18260/1-2--12430 PB - ASEE Conferences UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.18260/1-2--12430 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Special issue on Fragmented Nation or the Anglophone-Francophone Problem in Cameroon A3 - Nfah-Abbenyi, Juliana M. A3 - Doho, Gilbert DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// VL - 14 ER - TY - CHAP TI - When real frogs fall from the skies AU - Nfah-Abbenyi, J.M. T2 - Bearing Witness: Poems from a Land in Turmoil A2 - Ashuntantang, Joyce A2 - Tande, Dibussi PY - 2020/// SP - 36–38 PB - Spears Books ER - TY - JOUR TI - ‘Lights, Camera-maids, Action!’: Women Behind the Lens in Early Cinema AU - Gordon, M. AU - Grimm, Charles "Buckey" T2 - Los Angeles Review of Books DA - 2020/1/20/ PY - 2020/1/20/ UR - https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/lights-camera-maids-action-women-behind-the-lens-in-early-cinema/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Sleuthing for the Truth: A Reading and Writing Pedagogy for a New Age of Lies AU - Anson, Chris M. AU - Andrews, Kendra T2 - Teaching Critical Reading and Writing in the Era of Fake News A2 - Carillo, Ellen C. A2 - Horning, Alice S. PY - 2020/// SP - 211–228 PB - Peter Lang SN - 9781433175060 9781433175077 9781433175084 9781433175091 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Fraudulent Practices: Academic Misrepresentations of Plagiarism in the Name of Good Pedagogy AU - Anson, Chris M. T2 - Transforming Students into Leaders through the Literary Arts and the Social Sciences A2 - Trent, Mary Alice A2 - Ratliff, Meaghan Peggy Stevenson A2 - Pardlow, Don PY - 2020/// SP - 2–19 PB - Cambridge Scholars Publishing SN - 9781527547315 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Talking About Writing: A Study of Key Writing Terms Used Instructionally across the Curriculum AU - Anson, Chris M. AU - Chen, Chen AU - Anson, Ian G. T2 - (Re)Considering What We Know: Learning Thresholds in Writing, Composition, Rhetoric, and Literacy A2 - Adler-Kassner, Linda A2 - Wardle, Elizabeth PY - 2020/2/3/ DO - 10.7330/9781607329329.c017 SP - 313-327 PB - Utah State University Press UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.7330/9781607329329.c017 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Network characteristics of American Raising AU - Dodsworth, Robin AU - Forrest, Jon AU - Kohn, Mary T2 - University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 9 UR - https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol26/iss2/9/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - Reading with the Senses in Victorian Literature and Science by David Sweeney Coombs: Reflection by Anna Gibson AU - Gibson, Anna AU - Coombs, David DA - 2020/12// PY - 2020/12// UR - http://v21collective.org/reflection-anna-gibson/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fragmented Nation or the Anglophone-Francophone Problem in Cameroon AU - Nfah-Abbenyi, Juliana Makuchi AU - Doho, Gilbert T2 - Journal of the African Literature Association AB - Cameroon, like many nations born out of the ashes of colonial territories, is a fragmented nation. The colonial powers coerced ethnic groups into territories that would become fragile nations after... DA - 2020/5/3/ PY - 2020/5/3/ DO - 10.1080/21674736.2020.1717782 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 171-172 J2 - Journal of the African Literature Association LA - en OP - SN - 2167-4736 2167-4744 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21674736.2020.1717782 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Am I Anglophone? Identity politics and postcolonial trauma in Cameroon at war AU - Nfah-Abbenyi, Juliana Makuchi T2 - Journal of the African Literature Association AB - I was born in the English-speaking South West Province of Cameroon and raised in the English-speaking North West Province where I was educated in a system of primary through high school studies modeled on the British education system of G.C.E. Ordinary and Advanced Levels. After my A’ Levels, I moved to the French-speaking Centre Province where I enrolled at the University of Yaounde. There I earned undergraduate and graduate degrees, including a Licence ès Lettres Bilingues—a B.A. in Bilingual Letters (English and French)—for which I had to complete a French language immersion requirement in Douala in the French-speaking Littoral Province. After my university studies, I worked in the French-speaking West Province and English-speaking South West Province before moving to French/English-speaking Montreal, Canada where I studied Comparative Literature at McGill University and later immigrated to the United States. This essay, written in the context of the current “Anglophone Crisis” and the war taking place in Cameroon, is a personal meditation as a citizen, scholar, and fiction writer on the elusive nature of identity that the postcolonial nation-state seeks to capture, contain, and/or impose on the multiple “fragmented” selves of its citizens; identities that are by necessity in flux and as such either refuse to be contained within state-sanctioned acts of linguistic terrorism and/or restrained by socio-cultural and political repression. DA - 2020/1/29/ PY - 2020/1/29/ DO - 10.1080/21674736.2020.1717120 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 180-197 J2 - Journal of the African Literature Association LA - en OP - SN - 2167-4736 2167-4744 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21674736.2020.1717120 DB - Crossref ER - TY - ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analyzing Student?s Constructs of Writing Through Reflections on Their Drafts AU - Anson, Chris M. AU - Greene, Beth AU - Halm, Matthew T2 - The Journal of Writing Analytics DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// DO - 10.37514/jwa-j.2020.4.1.06 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 140-158 LA - en OP - SN - 2474-7491 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.37514/jwa-j.2020.4.1.06 DB - Crossref ER - TY - ER - TY - ER - TY - CONF TI - Addressing the speculative "you": Contextualizing the readers of documentation AU - Swarts, J. AB - The poster presents a corpus analysis of a stylistic feature of topic-based documentation: the speculative “you.” The feature signals important information to help readers adapt the content for their situated uses. The feature is illustrated with examples and the author offers recommendations for amplifying this information. C2 - 2020/// C3 - SIGDOC 2020 - Proceedings of the 38th ACM International Conference on Design of Communication DA - 2020/// DO - 10.1145/3380851.3416749 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85094963020&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Writing about structure in DITA AU - Swarts, J. T2 - Teaching Content Management in Technical and Professional Communication PY - 2020/// SP - 155-175 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85088625088&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - BOOK TI - Langston Hughes AU - Miller, W. Jason DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// PB - Reaktion Books ER - TY - BOOK TI - Anya Seton : a writing life AU - MacKethan, Lucinda H. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// PB - Chicago Review Press ER - TY - BOOK TI - Guillotine : poems AU - Corral, Eduardo C. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// PB - Graywolf Press ER - TY - ER - TY - JOUR TI - Valerie Gillies: Inscriptions in the Wind AU - Severin, Laura T2 - CONTEMPORARY WOMENS WRITING AB - Abstract This article focuses on Valerie Gillies’s contribution to women’s poetry through an examination of her 2016 exhibition, A Garden of Time and Silence, with textile artist Anna S. King, at Dawyck Botanic Gardens in the Scottish Borders. While Gillies is an acclaimed print-page poet, this piece represents her skill at alternative uses of poetry. Throughout her career, Gillies has employed collaborative multimedia art to engage in contemporary political discussion, often on the environment, in order to challenge, more directly than is possible with print text, poetry’s gendered assumptions. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// DO - 10.1093/cww/vpaa019 VL - 14 IS - 2-3 SP - 220-237 SN - 1754-1484 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Breathing at Blithedale: Air Quality, Sanitary Reform, and Hawthorne's Utopian Romance AU - Baker, Anne T2 - ISLE-INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND ENVIRONMENT AB - Loosely based on the demise of the Brook Farm utopian community (of which Hawthorne was briefly a member), Hawthorne’s The Blithedale Romance, published in 1852, is most often read as a critique of Transcendentalist ideas or of the various reform movements they inspired.1 According to these readings, the characters all hope to create a new and better world at Blithedale, but fail due to the baggage—consisting of personal history or temperament—that each brings to the utopian experiment. Despite the novel’s engagement with contemporary philosophies and social movements, critics have tended to overlook the more subtle ways in which Hawthorne’s historical moment informs the narrative.2 In particular, they have overlooked the imagery of air and breath, which is everywhere in the novel, from the moment the protagonist and narrator “puff[s] out a final whiff of cigar smoke” (12) and leaves his bachelor apartment in the city, to his final musings on the failed experiment, when he observes that the atmosphere around Zenobia had been “rendered poisonous” (219) by the breath that Westervelt mingled with hers. Paying attention to this imagery reveals a novel in which Hawthorne actively borrows from the language of the mid-nineteenth-century conversations about air quality and public health, part of an incipient environmental movement focused not on land conservation but on the dangers of urban pollution. Hawthorne recognizes the clean air movement’s underlying anxieties about the fact that air is something that all human beings ultimately must share—no one can completely separate him or herself from air breathed by others—and he weaves them into the depiction of all the novel’s characters, especially Coverdale, the protagonist and narrator. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// DO - 10.1093/isle/isz101 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 715-731 SN - 1759-1090 ER - TY - JOUR TI - LITERATURE, PRINT CULTURE, AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES, 1880-1900: MANY INVENTIONS AU - Fyfe, Paul T2 - MEDIA HISTORY AB - Interdisciplinary scholarship on media is a tricky thing. If media means ‘middle,’ media scholarship can offer both the meeting ground for and the boundary between its disciplinary participants. Wh... DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// DO - 10.1080/13688804.2020.1845488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Labov: A guide for the perplexed AU - Thomas, Erik R. T2 - LANGUAGE AB - Reviewed by: Labov: A guide for the perplexed by Matthew J. Gordon Erik R. Thomas Labov: A guide for the perplexed. By Matthew J. Gordon. (Guides for the perplexed.) London: Bloomsbury, 2013. Pp. xii, 252. ISBN 9781441192509. $24.95. William Labov has held a prominent position in linguistics, and in particular a preeminent position in variationist sociolinguistics, since he burst onto the academic scene just over fifty years ago. His remarkable research productivity has resulted in a steady stream of articles, books, and research reports over that period. This continuing dominance of a field that he, in large part, created makes it remarkable that no book-length overview of his work and impact had appeared until Matthew Gordon compiled this engaging and thorough guide. The book is organized into nine chapters: two chapters that provide background, six chapters covering various aspects of Labov’s research, and a concluding chapter on directions in which variationist sociolinguistics is now moving. Ch. 1 (1–20) provides a rather spare biography of Labov, followed by discussion of how sociolinguistics rejects Noam Chomsky’s circumscription of linguistics to an idealization, how sociolinguistics developed, and then how the variationist (Labovian) approach materialized. G leads the reader from William Dwight Whitney through other scholars who placed importance on linguistic variation and the social functions of language to the [End Page 723] emergence of the sociology of language and anthropological linguistics. The culmination was the 1964 conference on sociolinguistics at Lake Arrowhead, California, at which Labov gained a forum together with such other figures as Dell Hymes, Charles Ferguson, and John Gumperz. This conference provided Labov with the publicity he needed to launch his rise to prominence. Ch. 2 (21–44) delves into how pre-Labovian movements treated variation in language. Leonard Bloomfield’s definition of the ‘speech community’ is mentioned, and then instructions by both Bloomfield and Zellig Harris on how to exclude variation from linguistic consideration are discussed. There is a good deal of attention to the one pre-sociolinguistic field that focused on language variation—dialect geography—and of the sclerosis that had beset dialectology by the time Labov appeared on the scene. The chapter examines only American movements, both in mainstream linguistics and in dialectology. Some mention, for example, of J. R. Firth and his London School, which attempted to incorporate social uses of language (Ferdinand de Saussure’s parole) into linguistic theory, might have been included. In Ch. 3 (45–75), G brings readers to Labov’s own work. The discussion revolves around Labov’s two earliest studies, of Martha’s Vineyard and the Lower East Side of Manhattan, and the methodological innovations that he introduced. Labov realized that the methods of dialect geography were inadequate for studying language in its social context. The enterprise was ripe for a new approach, and he was the right person at the right time. In Martha’s Vineyard, he introduced the use of a large sample and of open-ended interviews. Dialectologists had tentatively adopted some audio recording, but Labov embraced it wholeheartedly. His use of ‘apparent time’, in which different generations are compared, demonstrated that linguistic change could indeed be observed. In the Lower East Side study, he introduced the use of random sampling, examination of stylistic variation, and special tasks to elicit attitudes about linguistic variables. Finally, G notes that Labov invented the ‘rapid and anonymous survey’ in his survey of the S. Klein, Macy’s, and Saks Fifth Avenue department stores. These techniques allowed Labov to demolish the notion of ‘free variation’, that is, that variation is random and unconstrained. Ch. 4 (77–102) examines the theories behind Labov’s early work. Labov rejected the ‘axiom of categoricity’, that language had to be abstracted away from actual use to an idealized grammar, which was held by Bloomfield, Harris, and Chomsky. He stressed ‘orderly heterogeneity’, the idea that all linguistic variation follows rules and forms patterns. As G notes, this phrase came from Weinreich, Labov, & Herzog 1968. Labov and Herzog note in their preface to that article that Weinreich wrote the section that discussed the phrase, although G seems to downplay Weinreich’s primacy in the concept. Labov developed a new definition... DA - 2020/9// PY - 2020/9// DO - 10.1353/lan.2020.0047 VL - 96 IS - 3 SP - 723-726 SN - 1535-0665 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Cultural Entanglements: Langston Hughes and the Rise of African and Caribbean Literature AU - Graham, S DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// DO - 10.2307/j.ctvzsmd89 SE - 1-307 SN - 978-0-8139-4411-1 SN - 978-0-8139-4409-8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reuse in STEM research writing Rhetorical and practical considerations and challenges AU - Anson, Chris M. AU - Hall, Susanne AU - Pemberton, Michael AU - Moskovitz, Cary T2 - AILA REVIEW AB - Abstract Text recycling (hereafter TR), sometimes problematically called “self-plagiarism,” involves the verbatim reuse of text from one’s own existing documents in a newly created text – such as the duplication of a paragraph or section from a published article in a new article. Although plagiarism is widely eschewed across academia and the publishing industry, the ethics of TR are not agreed upon and are currently being vigorously debated. As part of a federally funded (US) National Science Foundation grant, we have been studying TR patterns using several methodologies, including interviews with editors about TR values and practices ( Pemberton, Hall, Moskovitz, & Anson, 2019 ) and digitally mediated text-analytic processes to determine the extent of TR in academic publications in the biological sciences, engineering, mathematical and physical sciences, and social, behavioral, and economic sciences ( Anson, Moskovitz, & Anson, 2019 ). In this article, we first describe and illustrate TR in the context of academic writing. We then explain and document several themes that emerged from interviews with publishers of peer-reviewed academic journals. These themes demonstrate the vexed and unsettled nature of TR as a discursive phenomenon in academic writing and publishing. In doing so, we focus on the complex relationships between personal (role-based) and social (norm-based) aspects of scientific publication, complicating conventional models of the writing process that have inadequately accounted for authorial decisions about accuracy, efficiency, self-representation, adherence to existing or imagined rules and norms, perceptions of ownership and copyright, and fears of impropriety. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// DO - 10.1075/aila.00033.ans VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 120-135 SN - 1461-0213 UR - https://doi.org/10.1075/aila.00033.ans KW - text recycling KW - self-plagiarism KW - citation KW - source use KW - quotation KW - STEM writing ER - TY - JOUR TI - SIGNING BLACK IN AMERICA: THE STORY OF BLACK AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE AU - Smith, Alison AU - Wolfram, Walt AU - Cullinan, Danica T2 - AMERICAN SPEECH AB - Research Article| May 01 2020 Signing Black in America: The Story of Black American Sign Language Alison Smith; Alison Smith North Carolina State University Alison Smith (née Eggerth) recently graduated from North Carolina State University with an M.A. in English with a concentration in linguistics. Prior to that, she obtained a degree in American Sign Language from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. During her graduate studies, Alison assisted Language and Life Project producers Danica Cullinan and Neal Hutcheson with the Signing Black in America documentary, and her graduate career culminated with a capstone that focused on the importance of incorporating education about different varieties of ASL into ASL interpreter training programs. Email: aeggerth@gmail.com. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Walt Wolfram; Walt Wolfram Walt Wolfram is William C. Friday Distinguished University Professor at North Carolina State University and director of the Language and Life Project. He has pioneered research on social and ethnic varieties of English since the 1960s and is a frequent contributor to American Speech. He is currently directing a four-part series on African American Language (AAL). Signing Black in America is the first episode in this series; other episodes will focus on the earlier history of AAL, the social and educational implications of its usage, and performing in AAL. Email: wolfram@ncsu.edu. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Danica Cullinan Danica Cullinan Danica Cullinan is a documentary producer for the Language and Life Project at North Carolina State University. In addition to Signing Black in America (with Neal Hutcheson), her television documentaries include Talking Black in America (with Neal Hutcheson), Cedars in the Pines, Spanish Voices, and First Language: The Race to Save Cherokee (with Neal Hutcheson). She has a background in sociolinguistics, information and library science, and film production, and she directs many of the outreach and engagement activities of the Language and Life Project. Email: danica.cullinan@gmail.com. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google American Speech (2020) 95 (2): 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-8501401 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Alison Smith, Walt Wolfram, Danica Cullinan; Signing Black in America: The Story of Black American Sign Language. American Speech 1 May 2020; 95 (2): 253–260. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-8501401 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsAmerican Dialect SocietyAmerican Speech Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2020 by the American Dialect Society2020 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content. DA - 2020/5/1/ PY - 2020/5/1/ DO - 10.1215/00031283-8501401 VL - 95 IS - 2 SP - 253-260 SN - 1527-2133 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Outward Mind: Materialist Aesthetics in Victorian Science and Literature AU - Gibson, Anna T2 - NOVEL-A FORUM ON FICTION AB - When Victorian critics like Margaret Oliphant and Henry Mansel reacted negatively to the popular “sensation novel” in the 1860s, chief among their concerns was that these novels “preach[ed] to the nerves” instead of engaging readers’ cultivated reflective judgment (Mansel 483). Scholarship on sensation novels has sought to identify the unique features that allowed these texts to directly engage readers’ bodies and do certain kinds of cultural or ideological work. In a brief but significant moment in chapter 3 of his ambitious book The Outward Mind, Benjamin Morgan asks us to rethink both the nature of Mansel's critique and the singularity of sensation novels. A lifelong idealist invested in metaphysics, Mansel bewailed specific features of these “morbid” fictions: their melodramatic subject matter, their emphasis on plot over character, their responsiveness to market demand. But Morgan reads Mansel's review as a reaction against a much broader set of developments in the nineteenth century through which the Kantian understanding of aesthetic experience as disinterested reflective judgment was replaced with a materialist theory of aesthetic response as a corporeal reaction of matter (bodies and nerves) to matter (aesthetic objects). In the compelling story Morgan tells, sensation novels come to look less like unique sites of physiological stimulation and more like popular literary instances of a new aesthetic theory that was reimagining the relationship between humans and objects in their environment. Rather than focusing on the specificity of particular aesthetic objects (artworks, music, literary texts), Morgan turns our attention to how multiple discursive fields in the nineteenth century intersected as they rethought the nature of looking, hearing, reading, or otherwise engaging with objects in the world.With thoughtful, nuanced explication of scientific, philosophical, and literary texts, Morgan advances two interconnected claims, both supplemented by encyclopedic notes and references (which comprise a quarter of the book). His first argument is that the aesthetic experience we tend to value as the “highest” human capacity—because it appears to be a spiritual or transcendental property of autonomous, deliberative, inward-turning selves—was instead imagined within a range of nineteenth-century discourses (physiology, psychology, evolutionary biology, art history, literature, even interior design and color theory) as a function of bodies and the matter that comprised them. The book's second contention is that this “materialist strain” in Victorian aesthetics displaced the agency of aesthetic response from individual human persons to nonhuman matter, resulting not only in the expansion of aesthetic experience to nonhuman animals (think of Darwin's discerning birds) but also in conferring consciousness to inanimate physical objects. Whereas scholarship by Amanda Anderson (The Powers of Distance) and David Wayne Thomas (Cultivating Victorians) associates aesthetic experience with the cultivation of critical detachment and self-reflective individuality, Morgan reads such liberal ideals as reactionary responses to an increasingly materialist account of the self. His argument thus resonates with and broadens the scope of Nicholas Dames's approach in The Physiology of the Novel. Taking a cue from other scholars who have charted a nineteenth-century erosion of mind-body dualism (Allan Richardson, Rick Rylance, Sally Shuttleworth), Morgan shows how this erosion took on radical forms, not just by affording material properties to minds but also by identifying the “enminded” properties of matter. The “outward turn” of Morgan's title refers to the “active and animating” properties of mind that extend to other material substances: matter itself can have properties of consciousness (19).Morgan divides his book into two sections, the first of which traces a mid-nineteenth-century empirical science of beauty that runs counter (but also parallel) to the kind of anti-industrialist and socially attuned aesthetic theories we associate with John Ruskin, who serves as the implicit antihero of Morgan's story. Chapter 1 charts a shift from natural theology to scientific materialism in accounts of beauty and harmony by examining a network of intellectuals associated with the Edinburgh Aesthetic Club in the 1850s, including interior decorator David Ramsay Hay, physician John Addington Symonds, physiologists Thomas Laycock and William Carpenter, and critic E. S. Dallas. At the center of this chapter is a pair of linked paradoxes in the science of aesthetics. Aesthetic form was conceived of as both geometric (ordered, harmonious, and identifiable) and ambient (experienced by non-conscious corporeal processes). And so, while beauty and taste could supposedly be explained with mathematical precision, those thinkers who were invested in such explanations increasingly found that aestheticism's physiological mechanisms evaded rational modes of thought brought to bear upon them. Morgan's method in The Outward Mind is to take up a series of such paradoxes, oppositions between seemingly contradictory modes of thought: humanistic inquiry and scientific positivism, abstraction and materiality, phenomenology and epistemology, aesthetics and politics. He insightfully reads these as dialectics animating new Victorian ways of thinking about aesthetic experience at a time when various humanist and scientific inquiries were only just beginning to distinguish themselves as separate disciplines.Having established how medical writers and literary critics developed a neurophysiological account of aesthetic experience, Morgan turns in chapter 2 to texts by five writers—Alexander Bain, Herbert Spencer, Grant Allen, Walter Pater, and Thomas Hardy—all of whom, despite their different idioms, “rescaled and physicalized the primary units of analysis of aesthetic thought” (88). This rescaling happens in two seemingly contradictory directions: by narrowing in on the immediate moment of response as something that disaggregates both art objects and experiencing selves into their component parts (nerve fibers, organs, colors, shapes, words) and by expanding the register of aesthetic response to encompass the deep time of evolution. In both directions this rescaling “tends to suspend or sideline the human as a unit of analysis” (124). Responses to aesthetic objects are not located within discrete human selves but in the local actions of nerves or the evolutionary development of the species. Hardy's novels feature here as literary manifestations of scientific theories. Where Pater and Allen describe scales of aesthetic response, Hardy “adapts” these theories for use in fiction: he expands moments of physiological intensity with almost lyric detail (Henry Knight clinging to the cliff in Desperate Remedies); disintegrates characters into neurological responses (brains and nerves); and locates aesthetic experience in an expanded time of evolutionary adaptation.While section 1 considers how aesthetic response spreads out across the material properties of the body and the scale of the species, section 2 (“The Outward Turn”) considers how nineteenth-century intellectuals expanded consciousness even further, beyond human observers to the objects in their environment. Environments themselves became sentient. In chapter 3 Morgan examines a cluster of writers who coalesce around Walter Pater and developed Lucretian theories of atomic agency. In a somewhat surprising association of Pater's fiction with sensation novels, Morgan argues that both produce somatic responses in readers. In his imaginary portraits and in Marius the Epicurean Pater applies the materialist theories of psychologist James Sully and Allen by imagining reading itself as a physical experience. Reading Pater's literary texts as enactments of materialist aesthetic theories, Morgan argues that Pater's writing makes language tactile and sensuous; his sentences “imprison” readers (164); his “densely accretive style returns language to bodies” (157).Scholars of the novel might wish here, and elsewhere, that Morgan would expand his literary analysis: Just how, for instance, does the accretive quality or the “semantic density” of Pater's literary language operate (157)? Morgan reads literary texts as applications of material aesthetic theories that he locates first in scientific texts. Building upon Gillian Beer and George Levine's “shared discourse” and one-culture approaches, he reads science and literature “not as domains or fields but as rhetorics that might be flexibly and widely called on” (17). His method is therefore to explicate both scientific and literary texts. While his expositions and claims are compelling and clearly articulated, I found myself wanting more extensive close readings of just how novels by Hardy, Pater, William Morris, George Eliot, Wilkie Collins, and Oscar Wilde anticipate and direct readers’ physiological responses. The lack of space afforded to close readings in The Outward Mind perhaps makes sense given that Morgan focuses his energy on drawing together an astonishingly diverse array of intellectual fields from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century. He offers novel scholars provocative new ways of thinking about both the physiological responses referenced within nineteenth-century novels and how novels might themselves act as agents of affect and somatic response. The latter point might lead us to wonder whether the relationship between science and literature is as simple as Morgan's framework of parallel “rhetorics” would suggest. When he turns to E. S. Dallas, William Morris, and Vernon Lee, he shows that these writers made literary language inherently somatic. He thus paints a picture in which literature does much more than apply or extend scientific aesthetic theories; it enacts material aesthetics. What sort of critical method is appropriate to such enactment? Morgan points out that literary texts are complicated aesthetic objects, because “[o]ne cannot see a poetic image in the same unmediated way that one sees a color or hears a sound; novels and poems are therefore less immediately or obviously available to empirical analysis” (253–54). He admits that the way literary texts prompt effects in readers’ bodies—for instance the “somatic forces” conveyed by Pater's prose—are “difficult to talk about” (157). In the case of Pater this is because his prose combines philosophical concepts with a style that is “resistan[t] to thought.” But the difficulty here is also that formalist textual analysis does not have a history of playing well with reader response or cognitive criticism.In his chapters on Pater, Morris, and Lee, Morgan poses the question, What happens to social life when empirical theories root aesthetics in universal physiological responses, making aesthetics the work of nerves and evolutionary adaptation rather than the products of specific social and political circumstances? He answers by assessing how writers imagined matter itself to have social properties. In chapter 4 Morgan takes up the case of William Morris, whose physicalist aesthetics at first glance seem at odds with his socialist politics. But unlike Herbert Spencer, for whom evolutionary theory leads to a competitive individualism, for Morris the same theory makes possible a shared corporeality. Reading Morris's essays, lectures, romances, and News from Nowhere, Morgan explores how Morris aligns aesthetic experience with the pleasure of production, self-expression, and use, experienced by laborers who engage in shared embodied practices. The antithesis of the fin de siècle decadent aesthete, Morris rejects the category of “art” as a privileged, refined domain and locates it in the everyday. When Morgan turns to News from Nowhere, he traces in Morris's construction of character an alternative to realism's reliance on introspection and individualistic sympathy. Morris renders characters physically, promoting an ethics of shared corporeal practices; his characters are distinguished by “their external markers and preferred modes of activity” (207).This expanded notion of sociality—one not based on a community of sympathetic individuals but on sensory reactions to corporeally rendered characters or even to books as material objects—has important implications for how we read. In his fifth chapter Morgan shows how Vernon Lee's theories of empathy describe readerly affect as a feeling with or feeling into objects. Indeed Morgan finds in Lee a precursor to Brian Massumi's affect theory. Empathy was not synonymous with interpersonal sympathy until the mid-twentieth century; instead it meant “unconscious physiological reaction to an object” (220). For Lee and her lover Clementina Anstruther-Thomson, literary language itself is based on this physiological, object-oriented empathy. When we speak of a mountain as “rising,” for instance, the metaphor is not just an act of imagination; we feel our eyes moving upward and our bodies rising. Empathy, Morgan notes, “is rooted in experiences that precede the social domain” (222). I find myself wondering whether Morgan hopes to hold on to a separate, individuated notion of the social domain even as he sees material aesthetics radically expanding sociality to include all types of responsiveness between material things. What are the ethical and political functions of literature—especially in relation to gender, race, or class—in a system of universal corporeality?Despite his statement to the contrary, in many ways Morgan's book is an “intellectual history”—a complex, revisionist, sometimes presentist, and often recuperative one—of an overlooked Victorian mode of thinking (and reading, and looking) (16). His book unearths intricate intersections between a surprising range of scientific, philosophical, aesthetic, and literary thought. His premise is that a reassessment of the material turn in Victorian aesthetic theory might help us overcome our own entrenchment in methodological and disciplinary divisions between humanistic interpretation on the one hand and scientism, empiricism, and positivism on the other. Victorian aesthetic theory might, he says, “reveal some of the ways in which the humanities have long been ‘scientific’” (15). It is in this gesture toward the present, along with steady alignment of Victorian theories with later philosophies and approaches (affect theory, thing theory, distant reading, poststructuralism, neuroscience), that Morgan refuses to engage in a mere intellectual history. He is interested in what his epilogue calls a “nonlinear” method of engagement with the past, one that casts Victorian theories not as merely anticipatory of modern ideas but as sources of alternative, potentially invigorating, less disciplinarily entrenched modes of thinking about aesthetics, reading, and interpretation (261). This is especially apparent in his final chapter, in which he challenges a story we tell of literary critical history: that New Criticism's analytic modes of close reading made a clean break with Victorian modes of “moral-aesthetic evaluative criticism,” and that distant reading's quantitative approach was made possible by digital technologies (244). Not only is distant reading not new, he shows us; twentieth-century New Critics (following I. A. Richards) were “haunted by” the quantifiable methods of reading that preceded them, methods they sought to caricature as scientifically reductionist and naive (237). Morgan uncovers in Lee's empathetic literary criticism a distant reading avant la lettre (Lee was invested in statistical linguistic analysis as well as in the affects of aesthetic experience). More important, Morgan suggests Lee's objective aesthetic theory may inspire ways of marrying phenomenological accounts of aesthetic experience (the feeling of reading, the affects of art) with quantifiable, objective methods of literary formalism. In one of his most provocative moments Morgan asks what literary studies might have looked like if, instead of rejecting the phenomenology and physiology of reading, New Criticism had followed Lee's lead and “embraced corporeality rather than cognition” (253). The critical investment of The Outward Mind is that we might benefit from revisiting nineteenth-century materialist theories of aesthetics at a time when we face our own methodological questions about how to read, how disciplines can intersect, and whether “scientific” approaches to literary analysis (cognitive criticism, digital humanities) impinge upon or invigorate traditional hermeneutic methods of inquiry. As Morgan puts it, Lee's brand of scientific humanistic inquiry, in its refusal to pit the affects of reading against statistical analysis, might help us reunite the phenomenological and the quantitative, the humanistic and the scientific. DA - 2020/8/1/ PY - 2020/8/1/ DO - 10.1215/00295132-8309641 VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 280-284 SN - 1945-8509 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Technical Communication is a Social Medium AU - Swarts, Jason T2 - TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY AB - Technical communicators can manage the content users share in online communities, but this is only feasible if the users act like a community with a shared understanding of what the software does. When they do not, users discuss technologies as unsettled objects and rely on technical communication to socially construct them. This research describes such uses of technical communication and argues how professional technical communicators can help. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// DO - 10.1080/10572252.2020.1774659 VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 427-439 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85087111844&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Punjabi (Lyallpuri variety) AU - Hussain, Qandeel AU - Proctor, Michael AU - Harvey, Mark AU - Demuth, Katherine T2 - JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ASSOCIATION AB - Punjabi (Western, ISO-639-3 pnb) is an Indo-Aryan language (Indo-European, Indo-Iranian) spoken in Pakistan and India, and in immigrant communities in the UK, Canada, USA, and elsewhere. In terms of number of native speakers, it is ranked 10th among the world’s languages, with more than 100 million speakers (Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2016). Aspects of the phonology of different varieties of Punjabi have been described in Jain (1934), Arun (1961), Gill & Gleason (1962), Singh (1971), Dulai & Koul (1980), Bhatia (1993), Malik (1995), Shackle (2003), and Dhillon (2010). Much of this literature is focused on Eastern varieties, and the phonology of Western Punjabi dialects has received relatively less attention (e.g. Bahri 1962, Baart 2003, 2014). DA - 2020/8// PY - 2020/8// DO - 10.1017/S0025100319000021 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 282-297 SN - 1475-3502 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Johannine Renaissance in Early Modern English Literature and Theology AU - Young, R. V. T2 - ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW DA - 2020/2// PY - 2020/2// DO - 10.1093/ehr/cez377 VL - 135 IS - 572 SP - 197-198 SN - 1477-4534 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The past and future of historical poetics: Poetry and empire AU - Mulholland, James T2 - LITERATURE COMPASS AB - Abstract This essay suggests that with the increasing prominence of “historical poetics” as a set of social collectives, methodologies, and debates (especially about literary analysis), now seems to be an ideal time to assess its history and consider its future. The first part of the essay offers a genealogy of historical poetics, accounting for some of the central tenets of the group and considering detractors of these assertions, especially about the idea of “lyric reading” and the “lyricization” of poetry. The second part explains how the institutional history of historical poetics affects what it might become in the future, particularly if scholars expand its scope to include poetries not aligned with the 19th century Anglo‐Atlantic world. It suggests how postcolonial literary studies and the history of empire might alter some of the original insights of the Historical Poetics group. Examples draw from poetry printed in India's earliest anglophone newspapers between the 1780 and 1800, part of the “unread poetry of colonialism.” Recovering an historical understanding of this poetry demonstrates that Anglo‐Indian newspapers, while poignantly aware of their debts to Britain, perceived their verse as adapting borrowed British literary institutions. Insights devised from historical poetics provide another way to analyze seriously the conventional and common poetry of 18th century Anglo‐Indian newspapers, to assess how its authors perceived the institutional contexts of their writing, and to describe how it differed from Europe's norms. The final section concludes with some thoughts on what historical poetics might reveal about intellectual labor in the professional literary academy. Ultimately, historical poetics is not only about how we study poetry, but is an extended conversation about the value of history in literary study and how historical change is valued (or not) by academic scholars. Scholars can use historical poetics to consider larger questions about how to distribute their attention and how it might be rewarded by their colleagues and professional organizations. Over the next 10 years, it will prove crucial for scholars of historical poetics to reengage with questions about what archives are valuable for an historical reading of poetry and what those archives mean for the analysis of poetry in the academy. DA - 2020/7// PY - 2020/7// DO - 10.1111/lic3.12564 VL - 17 IS - 7 SP - SN - 1741-4113 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/lic3.12564 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How to get your goat: automated identification of species from MALDI-ToF spectra AU - Hickinbotham, Simon AU - Fiddyment, Sarah AU - Stinson, Timothy L. AU - Collins, Matthew J. T2 - BIOINFORMATICS AB - Abstract Motivation Classification of archaeological animal samples is commonly achieved via manual examination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) spectra. This is a time-consuming process which requires significant training and which does not produce a measure of confidence in the classification. We present a new, automated method for arriving at a classification of a MALDI-ToF sample, provided the collagen sequences for each candidate species are available. The approach derives a set of peptide masses from the sequence data for comparison with the sample data, which is carried out by cross-correlation. A novel way of combining evidence from multiple marker peptides is used to interpret the raw alignments and arrive at a classification with an associated confidence measure. Results To illustrate the efficacy of the approach, we tested the new method with a previously published classification of parchment folia from a copy of the Gospel of Luke, produced around 1120 C.E. by scribes at St Augustine’s Abbey in Canterbury, UK. In total, 80 of the 81 samples were given identical classifications by both methods. In addition, the new method gives a quantifiable level of confidence in each classification. Availability and implementation The software can be found at https://github.com/bioarch-sjh/bacollite, and can be installed in R using devtools. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. DA - 2020/6/15/ PY - 2020/6/15/ DO - 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa181 VL - 36 IS - 12 SP - 3719-3725 SN - 1460-2059 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Percy Shelley, James Russell Lowell, and the Promethean Aesthetics of EBB's "The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim's Point" AU - Harrison, Antony H. T2 - VICTORIAN POETRY AB - Percy Shelley, James Russell Lowell, and the Promethean Aesthetics of EBB's "The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim's Point" Antony H. Harrison (bio) The composition history of "The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim's Point" is well known: in 1845, Elizabeth Barrett Browning was commissioned separately by the American poet James Russell Lowell (with whom she had corresponded since 1842) and Maria Weston Chapman, the editor of The Liberty Bell, to write a poem for that abolitionist annual, normally published around Christmastime since its inception in 1839.1 She completed the poem late in 1846 and sent it to Lowell on December 23. In agreeing to write for The Liberty Bell, Barrett Browning was motivated by her hatred of slavery as an institution, her epistolary friendship with Lowell (who had previously solicited her work), and her admitted love for America and the Americans. As all scholars of her life and poetry are well aware, EBB2 was the descendant of slave owners in Jamaica, whose plantations had been highly profitable for the Moulton Barrett family. From her first knowledge of it, the "curse" of this family history was burdensome to EBB and demanded repeated exorcism in her writings, poems, and letters alike. As she explained to Robert Browning in 1845, "I would give ten towns in Norfolk (if I had them) to own some purer lineage than that of the blood of the slave!—Cursed we are from generation to generation."3 Similarly, in mid-January of 1847, shortly after completing "Runaway Slave," she wrote to her American friend, Cornelius Mathews: "when I write against slavery, it is not as one free from the curse" (BC 14: 100).4 Despite her adamant belief that slavery was abhorrent, EBB generally admired the inhabitants of a nation in which that institution thrived. In a letter to Lowell from January 1843, she wrote: "From the circumstances of a retired [End Page 53] life & ill health it has happened that I never stood face to face with an American, except in my dreams. But I love the Americans & America for the sake of national brotherhood & a common literature & I honor them for the sake of liberty & noble aspiration—& I am grateful to them, .. very grateful, .. [sic] for their kindness to me personally as a poet" (BC 6: 261–262). On sending "Runaway Slave" to Lowell, she repeated the sentiment: "I have written this poem precisely because, as an Englishwoman ought, I love & honour the American people." But she further explained that the great antislavery cause must always be dear to me,—and for the sake, I will say, as much of American honour as of general mercy & right—In the poem I enclose to you I have taken up this double feeling, (with an application of the case to women especially) perhaps you will think too bitterly & passionately for publication in your country. I do not presume to decide—I leave it entirely, of course, to your judgement—I will only say, for my own part, that in writing this poem, I have not forgotten, as an Englishwoman, that we have scarcely done washing our national garments clear of the dust of the very same reproach. (BC 14: 86–87) In her last sentence EBB refers, of course, to the Slavery Abolition Act passed by Parliament in 1833, which outlawed slavery throughout the British Empire and went into effect on August 1 of the following year. Its full impact was not felt for sixteen years, however: only slaves under the age of six were immediately freed, and it was not until August 1, 1840, that all slaves over the age of six at the time of the bill's enactment were finally released from long periods of continuing "apprenticeship." It is particularly worth observing that in this letter EBB lays out two separate rationales for the abolition of slavery ("this double feeling"). "Honour," of course, falls under a category of values specifically associated at this historical moment with the behavioral (and therefore social) ideals of educated middle and upper class Britons and (presumably) Americans, whereas the terms "mercy & right" suggest foundational humanitarian (and therefore inseparable religious and political) ideals. As EBB's parenthesis indicates, she... DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// DO - 10.1353/vp.2020.0002 VL - 58 IS - 1 SP - 53-72 SN - 1530-7190 ER - TY - JOUR TI - "Tree Thinking": The Rhetoric of Tree Diagrams in Biological Thought AU - Miller, Carolyn R. AU - Hartzog, Molly T2 - Poroi: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Rhetorical Analysis and Invention AB - Tree-like visualizations have played a central role in taxonomic and evolutionary biology for centuries, and the idea of a “tree of life” has been a pervasive notion not only in biology but also in religion, philosophy, and literature for much longer. The tree of life is a central figure in Darwin’s Origin of Species in both verbal and visual forms. As one of the most powerful and pervasive images in biological thought, what conceptual and communicative work has it enabled? How have the visual qualities and elements of the tree form interacted with biological thinking over time? This paper examines the pre-Darwinian history of tree images, the significance of Darwin’s use of such images, and the development of tree diagrams after Darwin. This history shows evidence of four separate traditions of visualization: cosmological, logical-philosophical, genealogical, and materialist. Visual traditions serve as rhetorical contexts that provide enthymematic backing, or what Perelman calls “objects of agreement,” for interpretation of tree diagrams. They produce polysemic warrants for arguments in different fields. The combination of the genealogical tradition with the cosmological and the logical changed the framework for thinking about the natural world and made Darwin’s theory of evolution possible; the later materialist tradition represents the “modernization” of biology as a science. DA - 2020/5/23/ PY - 2020/5/23/ DO - 10.13008/2151-2957.1290 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 1–61 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.13008/2151-2957.1290 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An acoustic and articulatory study of laryngeal and place contrasts of Kalasha (Indo-Aryan, Dardic) AU - Hussain, Qandeel AU - Mielke, Jeff T2 - JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA AB - The Northwestern group of Indo-Aryan (Dardic) languages is generally known to have undergone consonantal shift, which resulted in the loss of voiced aspirated (VDA) stops and affricates of Sanskrit. Kalasha, an endangered Dardic language spoken in Chitral (Northern Pakistan), still preserves the Old Indo-Aryan four-way laryngeal system. The current study examines acoustic and articulatory correlates of Kalasha's four-way laryngeal contrast across places and manners of articulation, using lingual ultrasound-imaging and several acoustic measures. The analysis included the standard acoustic [voice onset time (VOT), after prevoicing interval (API), fundamental frequency onset, first four spectral moments] and articulatory (smoothing spline analysis of variance) measures, which capture laryngeal, place, and manner differences in consonants. The results showed that VOT reliably differentiated the four-way laryngeal contrast of Kalasha. VDA stops and affricates are characterized by shorter voicing lead VOT, higher API, and lower fundamental frequency onset than their voiced unaspirated (VDUA) counterparts. However, the first four spectral moments did not distinguish the two VDUA and VDA stop series. The tongue root retraction distinguishes the voiceless stops and affricates from the voiced ones. DA - 2020/4// PY - 2020/4// DO - 10.1121/10.0000999 VL - 147 IS - 4 SP - 2873-2890 SN - 1520-8524 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85097354967&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sociophonetic trends in studies of Southern US English AU - Thomas, Erik R. T2 - JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA AB - Although the U.S. South was usually avoided for phonetic studies in earlier years, phonetic analyses of Southern U.S. English have expanded in numerous directions in recent years. Studies of vocalic variation have dominated the enterprise, with a broad range of studies that have examined the phonetic peculiarities and distribution of variants within the region, the characteristics of particular communities, and the phonetic attributes of African American and Latino groups. However, other phonetic phenomena are finally seeing more study. Several consonantal variables have attracted acoustic analysis. Other studies have focused on intonation and certain timing-related phenomena. Numerous experimental studies have tested the abilities of listeners to identify dialects and a few other perceptual issues. These developments are outlined here, including advancements in segmental, prosodic, and perceptual analyses. DA - 2020/1// PY - 2020/1// DO - 10.1121/10.0000544 VL - 147 IS - 1 SP - 529-540 SN - 1520-8524 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Language Variation and Social Networks AU - Sharma, Devyani AU - Dodsworth, Robin T2 - ANNUAL REVIEW OF LINGUISTICS, VOL 6 AB - The close relationship between language variation and the nature of social ties among people has been the focus of long-standing commentary in linguistics. A central puzzle in this relationship is the seeming contradiction between two bodies of evidence: automatic, mechanistic diffusion of linguistic forms through social networks and ideologically mediated choice in uptake of forms. Nearly a century of research has revealed that certain types of network structure facilitate the diffusion of linguistic innovation, but these network structures are always anchored in temporally specific and ideologically mediated cultural norms—for instance, norms of gender, class, and ethnicity. Furthermore, not all linguistic variables diffuse in the same way through these structures; social indexicality has a mediating effect. We review prevailing methodologies, theories, and conclusions of this body of work and look ahead to emerging technological advances and more integrated theoretical approaches. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020/// DO - 10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030524 VL - 6 SP - 341-361 SN - 2333-9691 KW - social networks KW - diffusion KW - class KW - gender KW - ethnicity KW - ideology ER -