TY - JOUR TI - Between assimilation and transnationalism: the debate on nationality acquisition among Koreans in Japan AU - Tai, Eika T2 - Social Identities AB - Political identifications among postcolonial Koreans in Japan have been characterized by a tension between assimilative and transnational orientations. The tension has been reshaped in the course of a recent debate on nationality acquisition, which Korean activists and commentators started in response to Japanese policymakers’ move in the 2001 National Diet to simplify the naturalization process for postcolonial Koreans. At the heart of the debate stand the issues of citizenship rights and collective memory, which are central to Koreans’ political identifications. Advocates of nationality acquisition accept the reality of cultural and socioeconomic assimilation and are ready to become ethnic minority members of the Japanese state in return for getting full citizenship rights. Guided by the collective memory of the colonial past and social discrimination against Koreans in postcolonial Japan, critics of nationality acquisition refuse incorporation into the Japanese state and seek the possibility of transnational citizenship and identification. Koreans in Japan are predicted to become more diverse in identification, but their diversity will probably continue to revolve around the two orientations. DA - 2009/9// PY - 2009/9// DO - 10.1080/13504630903205266 VL - 15 IS - 5 SP - 609-629 J2 - Social Identities LA - en OP - SN - 1350-4630 1363-0296 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504630903205266 DB - Crossref KW - assimilation KW - transnationalism KW - naturalization KW - Koreans KW - Japan ER - TY - JOUR TI - Moorings: Portuguese Expansion and the Writing of Africa AU - Vilches, E. T2 - Iberoamericana DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 39 IS - IX SP - 201-203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - La Movida como debate AU - Mari, J. T2 - Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies AB - La Movida como debate Jorge Marí (bio) Tres décadas después de lo que se supone fueron sus inicios, no se ha alcanzado un acuerdo ni un entendimiento preciso sobre qué cosa fue la Movida, cuáles fueron sus rasgos definitorios, sus límites, sus contribuciones, su legado. Malcolm Compitello se ha referido a ella como "that slippery and poorly understood phenomenon" (Compitello 154); José Tono Martínez la ha definido como "un malentendido" (99); para Pedro Almodóvar, "[h]ablar de la Movida es dar entidad a algo que tiene mil cabezas y mil formas. No es un movimiento, y además, no hay interés en que lo sea…. No éramos ni una generación, ni un movimiento artístico, ni un grupo con una ideología concreta" (cit. en Urrero 41). Tono coincide con Almodóvar en que no hubo un movimiento como tal, es decir, que no hubo una tendencia organizada (Compitello 163). A través de estas opiniones parece perfilarse la visión de una "Movida sin movimiento," es decir, un fenómeno amorfo, descoyuntado, sin dirección ni ideología política. Javier Escudero la ha descrito como un "rechazo de todo compromiso político y trascendental," expresión puramente hedonística de "una juventud desencantada ante los problemas políticos y sociales, con escaso futuro laboral, y por lo general de espaldas a toda inquietud intelectual y espiritual" (Escudero 147-49). Muchos de los que a posteriori han sido considerados sus iniciadores y protagonistas coinciden en negarle a la Movida una ideología política: "No hay … una ideología política, más bien al contrario," proclama Almodóvar (cit. en Urrero 41), pero en ese curioso "más bien al contrario"—¿qué es lo contrario de "no hay una ideología política"?—quizá esté la clave de la condición inherentemente [End Page 127] paradójica de un fenómeno que algunos han querido presentar como apolítico, parapolítico o antipolítico, pero que nace en el momento más hiperpolitizado de la historia reciente de España, en la misma capital del estado, en medio de constantes manifestaciones, huelgas, auge del terrorismo etarra, legalización de los partidos políticos, elecciones generales, referendum constitucional, estatutos y elecciones autonómicas, intentos golpistas, reivindicaciones sociales de todas clases; un fenómeno de masas, con enorme impacto mediático, que impregna la música, las artes visuales, el cine, la literatura, la moda, que difunde hábitos y estilos de vida, que construye una geografía, marca una experiencia urbana y se imbrica en una compleja red de conexiones con las instituciones municipales, autonómicas y estatales y con los partidos políticos. Por cierto que los mismos críticos, testigos y protagonistas de la Movida que rechazan cualquier dimensión política o incluso ideológica de ésta no pueden hacerlo sino a través de un lenguaje marcadamente politizado e ideologizado: Tono la describe como "una cruzada contra el aburrimiento" (110); Lolo Rico afirma que "no tenía ideología pero sí tenía estética y libertad," como si una cosa fuera posible sin las otras (cit. en Tono Martínez 105). El propio Tono, a pesar de sus declaraciones anteriores, admite la dimensión política de la Movida cuando se refiere a ella como una continuación de la tradición libertaria española, defensora de la acción directa, el espontaneísmo y el improvisacionalismo como tácticas preferenciales (108). Y aunque son minoría tanto quienes ven la Movida como un movimiento propiamente dicho como quienes proclaman directa y abiertamente su condición política, no falta quien hace ambas cosas, como Susan Larson cuando define la Movida como un "movimiento urbano revolucionario político y estético" (310) y en otra parte, como un "movimiento colectivo y democrático" (312). Frente a la provocadora declaración de Francisco Umbral de que "la posmodernidad es apolítica o es de derechas sin saberlo" (Umbral, Guía 11), Larson argumenta que la adopción generalizada de la "bandera" posmoderna por parte de artistas e intelectuales de la Movida fue una postura política que... DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.1353/hcs.0.0052 VL - 13 SP - 127-141 ER - TY - JOUR TI - El Atlantico en la historiografia indiana del siglo XVI AU - Vilches, E. T2 - Revista Iberoamericana DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// IS - 75 SP - 639-655 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Review of Fanny Forsberg?s 2008 book ?Le langage prefabrique: Formes, fonctions et frequences en francais parle L2 et L1?' AU - Wust, V. T2 - Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 84-85 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Poetas ante la modernidad: Las ideas esteticas y politicas de Vallejo, Huidobro, Neruda y Paz AU - Dawes, G. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// PB - Madrid : Fundamentos SN - 9788424511937 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Intervocalic voiced stops in Yucatan Spanish: A case of contact induced language change? AU - Michnowicz, Jim T2 - Espa?ol en Estados Unidos y en otros contextos de contacto: Sociolinguistica, ideologia y pedagogia A2 - Lacorte, M. A2 - Leeman, J. AB - This study examines the possible role of language contact on the realization of /b d g/ in Yucatan Spanish (YS). Whereas standard Spanish displays an alternation between stops [b d g] and fricatives [β δ γ], YS shows a preference for stops in contexts that would require a fricative in other varieties. The extended use of [b d g] in YS has been attributed to influence from the contact language, Mayan, by some researchers (Nykl 1938, Mediz Bolio 1951, Lope Blanch 1987), while others prefer a language-internal explanation (Cassano 1977, Yager 1982). Therefore, the present study addresses the following research questions: Could the observed pattern for voiced stops be the result of language contact with Mayan? Is Mayan in a position to have influenced YS, thereby making a contact-based explanation plausible? Is there quantitative evidence of a link between speaking Mayan and higher rates of stop variants? Using the criteria established by Thomason (2001) for determining the possibility of contact-induced change, the study finds that there has been sufficient contact on both an individual and a societal level to warrant a contact-based explanation for [b d g]. Especially important was the previous trend to hire Mayan-speaking nannies in middle and upper class homes. Based on data from 40 sociolinguistic interviews, this study finds a significant effect for Mayan-Spanish bilingualism on the production of stops. Speakers over the age of 30, exposed to more Mayan and Mayaninfluenced Spanish, also produce significantly more stops. Based on data from this study and the presence of similar patterns in other bilingual regions, this study concludes that the higher rates of [b d g] in YS are due to language contact via shifting second language (L2) speakers of Spanish, but not due to specifically Mayan influence on the dialect. PY - 2009/// DO - 10.31819/9783865279033-005 SP - 67–84 PB - Madrid : Iberoamericana SN - 9788484894247 ER - TY - BOOK TI - (Dis)pensares AU - Jaimes, Hector DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// PB - Caracas, Venezuela: Fundacion Editorial el Perro y la Rana SN - 9789801407775 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Japanese Immigration Policy at a Turning Point AU - Tai, Eika T2 - ASIAN AND PACIFIC MIGRATION JOURNAL AB - This article looks into how the Japanese government has recently been changing policies and discourses on immigration. I begin by sketching the historical background of immigration policy. Then, I discuss policies, proposals and reports made in the 2000s, paying close attention to documents produced after 2005. Since then, the Japanese government, confronting the domestic problem of demographic change and the global competition for human resources, has become seriously concerned about the integration of foreign residents and has also come to engage with the question of how to expand the admission of foreign workers. In discussing this change, I am particularly interested in shedding light on how the idea of multiculturalism has been applied to the context of Japan, as this idea presents a challenge to the dominant discourse of mono-ethnicity in postwar Japan. Japanese immigration policy is at a turning point not only in the sense that it has become more inclusive but also in the sense that it has come to present a view of Japan as multicultural. Though there is resistance against the inclusion of foreigners and the idea of multiculturalism, relatively moderate approaches taken by those favoring multiculturalism may be effective in curtailing resistance and bringing about actual changes. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.1177/011719680901800301 VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 315-344 SN - 0117-1968 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Madeleine AU - Rollins, Y. B. T2 - French Review DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 82 IS - 6 SP - 1371-1372 ER - TY - JOUR TI - From Saint Genesius to Kean: Actors, martyrs, and metatheater AU - Witt, M. A. F. T2 - Comparative Drama AB - From Saint Genesius to Kean: Actors, Martyrs, and Metatheater Mary Ann Frese Witt (bio) Since Lionel Abel published his seminal work in 1963, considerable attention has been paid to metatheater, although there is still no firm consensus on a general definition of the phenomenon.1 Even though some scholars claim to have found metatheater in antiquity and in non-Western drama, it is generally agreed that the European baroque (late sixteenth through mid-seventeenth century) and modernism (late nineteenth through mid-twentieth century) represent the most important and the most productive periods for a theater that comments on itself through self-conscious awareness of its own theatricality, usually through the medium of a play within the play. Comparatively examining individual plays from these two eras may eventually lead us to a better understanding of both baroque and modernist metatheater. One of the important contributions baroque playwrights made to theater was the introduction of actors as characters, even protagonists, in plays in which they play scenes—a genre that might be considered a subset of metatheater. The actor as character can of course be found in other periods as well, but baroque and modernist plays probe the nature of theater and illusion through these characters as others do not. Luigi Pirandello is the chief modernist example, although his variation might be called the character as actor. Jean-Paul Sartre, not usually thought of as either modernist or metatheatrical, acknowledges Pirandello’s influence on his theater and displays his affinities with the baroque in the title of his monumental biography Saint Genet: Comédien et martyr, taken from Jean Rotrou’s Le véritable Saint Genest, and in his play Le diable et le bon dieu, adapted from Cervantes’s El rufián dichoso.2 However, it is Sartre’s adaptation of Alexandre Dumas’s Kean, written just after the publication [End Page 19] of Saint Genet, that best exemplifies a twentieth-century metatheatrical rewriting of the actor as saint and martyr as portrayed in Le véritable Saint Genest, itself an adaptation of a play by Lope de Vega. In order to understand Sartre’s Kean through Rotrou’s Genest, we must first look at Rotrou’s models in the legend of Saint Genesius. Although the very existence of Saint Genesius is called into question by the Catholic Encyclopedia, he has a feast day (25 August) and continues to be venerated, especially as the patron saint of actors.3 According to most accounts, Genesius was not only an actor, but also the equivalent of a director of a troupe of actors. Knowing of Diocletian’s antipathy toward Christians, in the persecution of whom Genesius had participated, he prepared a satiric comedy on the subject in honor of the emperor’s visit to Rome. While imitating a ceremony of baptism, Genesius suddenly lay down on the stage as if sick, saying that he felt a “great weight” on himself. He then asked to receive baptism in order to die as a Christian. Diocletian, thinking that this was all part of the comedy, laughed. Actors representing a priest and an exorcist came to the actor’s side and performed a stage baptism; actors playing soldiers presented the “baptized” Genesius to the emperor to be martyred. Genesius then revealed the truth: while he was being washed with the baptismal water, he had a vision of a company of angels who recited all of his sins from a book, then washed the book clean. He was thus “really” baptized by an angel. Genesius then admonished Diocletian and all present to believe in Jesus Christ, whereupon the enraged emperor ordered him to be beaten and then turned over to Plautian, the prefect of the praetorium, who had him put on the rack, torn with iron hooks, and burned with torches. The martyrdom occurred either in 286 or in 300. It is no surprise that at least since the thirteenth century, Genesius, who discovered truth through illusion, has been the patron saint of actors. His story seems perfectly suited to theatrical adaptation. Of course, the hagiographical legend can be glossed in either a pro- or anti-theatrical manner: Genesius may be seen as saved from the corrupting... DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.1353/cdr.0.0044 VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 19-44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flaubert: A biography AU - Rollins, Y. B. T2 - French Review DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 82 IS - 6 SP - 1321-1322 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Return of the native: Indians and myth-making in Spanish America, 1810-1930. AU - Jaimes, H. T2 - New Mexico Historical Review DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 84 IS - 2 SP - 314-315 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Babies and Books: Birth as Metaphor in Nietzsche and Pirandello AU - Witt, Mary Ann Frese T2 - COMPARATIVE CRITICAL STUDIES AB - The goal of life, according to the band of women in VirginiaWoolf’s short story ‘A Society’, is to produce good people and good books. Yet for all of human history, they observe, these products and their producers have been rigidly separated according to gender. As Clorinda puts it: ‘While we have borne the children, they, we supposed, have borne the books and the pictures. We have populated the world. They have civilized it’.1 She also reasons that since men seem not to have done a particularly good job of civilizing the world, it is perhaps time for women to assume that function. How is this to be accomplished? Perhaps the only solution is to devise a way for men to bear children! Virginia Woolf herself produced several good books but, to her chagrin, no people. If women since her time have, in increasing numbers, been producing both babies and books, the metaphorical division, deeply embedded in Western cultural discourse, between female physical birthgiving and male spiritual birth-giving at some level remains unresolved, as does the problem posed in ‘A Society’. The gender division is what has allowed male writers and artists to appropriate childbirth as metaphor, ‘carrying over’ the female function to their own creative process. As Susan Stanford Friedman has noted in her study of childbirthmetaphors, James Joyce, in reference to Ulysses, wrote to his wife Nora that he had been ‘thinking of the book I have written, the child which I have carried for years and years in the womb of the imagination as you carried in your womb the children you love’.2 A half-century later, in the heyday of feminism, Gunter Grass divided his novel The Flounder (1977) not into chapters but into nine months, corresponding to the time of both DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.3366/E174418540900069X VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 183-200 SN - 1744-1854 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Tales from Evergreen Ave. AU - Marchi, D. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// PB - Raleigh: Lulu.com SN - 9780557049004 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Poison woman: figuring female transgression in modern japanese culture AU - Mertz, J. T2 - Journal of Japanese Studies AB - Reviewed by: Poison Woman: Figuring Female Transgression in Modern Japanese Culture John Mertz (bio) Poison Woman: Figuring Female Transgression in Modern Japanese Culture. By Christine L. Marran. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2007. xxv, 220 pages. $67.50, cloth; $22.50, paper. The term “poison woman” (dokufu) was applied generically to several Japanese women in the late 1870s who had poisoned or otherwise dispatched their husbands and lovers. Their tales were widely published over the ensuing decade, including serializations, elaborately illustrated reprints, plays, and even kanbun editions. Two in particular acquired canonical status: reprints of Kubota Hikosaku’s Torioi Omatsu kaijō shinwa (1878) and Kanagaki Robun’s Takahashi Oden yasha monogatari (1879) remain widely available in collections of Meiji literature, and Takahashi Oden, executed in 1879 for murder, remains a cultural icon. Previous scholars (Maeda Ai, Asakura Kyōji, Hirata Yumi, Matthew Strecher, and Mark Silver, to name a few) have recognized the importance of these stories, but Christine Marran is the first to devote an entire volume in English to their cultural implications. To be sure, Marran’s book extends well beyond the usual boundaries of the dokufu genre, taking into consideration confessionals produced by female ex-convicts, accounts of women implicated in political terrorism, scientific discourse on sexology and psychoanalysis, and a selection of postwar films. The inclusion of women as diverse as Shimazu Omasa, Fukuda Hideko, Kanno Suga, and Abe Sada into the same narrative may seem a stretch at first glance, but Marran clearly demonstrates how their stories fit into an evolving symbolic realm, often serving the ideological needs of the political, medical, and military establishments. Such needs were rarely met straight on. Marran shows how meanings shifted with unintended consequences, how attempts to undermine authority were often accompanied by even stronger affirmations, and especially how a consistent focus on the deviance of the criminal [End Page 394] female body and psyche functioned to mask and silence any substantive discussion of political or economic subjectivity. By analyzing such twists of discourse with a careful attention to a wide range of contexts, Marran carefully avoids the anachronisms and overstated continuities of nation and culture that sometimes trouble such histories. Central to Marran’s approach is the idea, following Michel Foucault’s mentor Georges Canguilhem, that normativity is produced and naturalized by the identification of exceptionalism. The normativity in question is that grand scientific matrix of modernity, which locked the national body onto various juxtaposed maps of civilizational development, individual development, and species evolution and locked women into a “biocentric discourse” that conflated womanhood with physicality and libidinal temperament. While pre-Meiji discourse had regularly identified women with children, the popular studies of phrenology and sexology in the 1870s and 1880s reframed that “infantilization” into a new scientific package, replete with exacting measurements of skulls and bodily organs. The dissection and measurement of Oden’s body after her beheading, which noted her large sexual organs, provided solid evidence of the link between physical abnormality and female hypersexuality, thus validating the normativity of the new science and, as Marran also argues, showcasing for Robun the possibility that a popular literature could feed and be fed by that science. With the flourishing of various strains of Darwinism and eventually Freudian psychology in the ensuing decades, female criminals were brought forth to test and establish a host of new theories about human normalcy. A psychological analysis of Abe Sada conducted in 1937 for the Tokyo Municipal Police Department determined that she had, in Marran’s summation, “regressed to the infantile stages of pre-Oedipalized sexuality” (p. 127). Female libido was linked to primitive instinct, savagery, even to insects, creating what Marran calls a “scientifically sanctioned cultural paranoia that both pathologizes female sexuality and naturalizes that pathology” (p. 135). Nowhere in this matrix was there room for criminality to have been considered as a rational response to political or economic circumstance: even the first-person confessionals produced by female ex-convicts were subsumed into narratives of redemption and rehabilitation, reconceiving their initial crimes as acts of unreason. The book provides an introduction, five chapters, and an epilogue. The chapters are arranged chronologically and by theme, often returning to previously introduced material, but... DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.1353/jjs.0.0105 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 394-398 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An attempt to save French studies: Art and society in France AU - Marchi, D. T2 - Catalyst (Swannanoa, N.C.) DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 1-40 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Kafka and the Jewish-Zionist woman: Discussions of eroticism and sexuality in Prague Zionism AU - Gross, R. V. T2 - Modern Language Review DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// VL - 104 SP - 254-255 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A la recherche des clitiques perdus: The dictogloss as a measure of the comprehension of y and en by L2 learners of French AU - Wust, Valerie A. T2 - CANADIAN MODERN LANGUAGE REVIEW-REVUE CANADIENNE DES LANGUES VIVANTES AB - In an effort to ascertain whether the paucity of object clitics in L2 production documented in the extant research may reflect comprehension difficulties, this article reports on the use of a dictogloss task to determine the degree to which intermediate-level L2 learners of French (N = 110) were able to process and reproduce the meaning of the clitics y and en. An analysis of the reconstructed texts revealed the presence of competing interlanguage forms. Overall, deleted objects, strong pronouns, and lexical noun phrases were used with greater frequency than the target forms. Errors related to animacy, argument structure, and referent constituted the primary source of non-target-like usage. Given the learners' frequent use of animate forms in lieu of y and en, it is suggested that teachers might do well to provide explicit instruction on the animacy distinction in prescriptive French. DA - 2009/3// PY - 2009/3// DO - 10.3138/cmlr.65.3.471 VL - 65 IS - 3 SP - 471-499 SN - 1710-1131 KW - French as a second language (FSL) KW - pronouns KW - clitics KW - listening comprehension KW - language processing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Case Study Research in Applied Linguistics AU - Darhower, Mark Anthony T2 - MODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL AB - The Modern Language JournalVolume 93, Issue 1 p. 116-117 Case Study Research in Applied Linguistics edited by DUFF, PATRICIA A. MARK ANTHONY DARHOWER, MARK ANTHONY DARHOWER North Carolina State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author MARK ANTHONY DARHOWER, MARK ANTHONY DARHOWER North Carolina State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 09 February 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00832_4.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume93, Issue1Spring 2009Pages 116-117 RelatedInformation DA - 2009/// PY - 2009/// DO - 10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00832_4.x VL - 93 IS - 1 SP - 116-117 SN - 0026-7902 ER -