TY - RPRT TI - Micro and nanofiber nonwoven spunbonded fabric AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Fedorova, N.V. AU - Sharp, S.R. DA - 2013/1/8/ PY - 2013/1/8/ M1 - US8349232B2 M3 - Patent SN - US8349232B2 ER - TY - RPRT TI - High strength, durable micro and nano-fiber fabrics produced by fibrillating bicomponent islands in the sea fibers AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Fedorova, N.V. AU - Sharp, S.R. DA - 2013/4/16/ PY - 2013/4/16/ M1 - US8420556B2 M3 - Patent SN - US8420556B2 ER - TY - CONF TI - Latest Developments in Nonwovens for Filtration, Keynote address AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - American Filtration Society C2 - 2013/// CY - Minnesota DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Nonwovens with Stretch and Recovery AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - TechTextil C2 - 2013/6// CY - Frankfurt, Germany DA - 2013/6// PY - 2013/6// ER - TY - CONF TI - Osteochondral Tissue Engineering Using Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells AU - Williams, J. AU - Mohiti-Asli, M. AU - Tuin, S.A. AU - Morgan, D. AU - Kannan, A. AU - Hluck, B. AU - Loboa, E.G. T2 - 59th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society Conference C2 - 2013/1// C3 - Proceeding of the 59th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society Conference CY - San Antonio, Texas DA - 2013/1// PY - 2013/1// ER - TY - CONF TI - Novel High Surface Area Poly(L-lactic Acid Nonwoven Scaffolds Exposed to Pulsatile Fluid Flow Increase RUNX2 Expression in Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells AU - Tuin, S.A. AU - Miller, S.M. AU - Ganesh, V. AU - Cunningham, D.J. AU - Pfeiler, W.T. AU - Bernacki, S.H. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Loboa, E.G. T2 - Triennial International Engineered Fabrics Conference and Expo C2 - 2013/4// C3 - Proceedings of the triennial International Engineered Fabrics Conference and Expo CY - Miami Beach, Florida DA - 2013/4// PY - 2013/4// ER - TY - CONF TI - Winged Fiber Scaffolds Enhance hASC Proliferation, Osteogenesis, and Mechanosensitivity AU - Tuin, S.A. AU - Miller, S.M. AU - Cunningham, D.J. AU - Pfeiler, W.T. AU - Bernacki, S.H. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Loboa, E.G. T2 - Annual Biomedical Engineering Society Conference C2 - 2013/9// C3 - Proceedings of the Annual Biomedical Engineering Society Conference CY - Seattle, WA DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// ER - TY - CONF TI - 3-D Computational Modeling of Fluid Flow Over Winged Fibers: Winged Fibers Enhance Shear Stress and RUNX2 Expression in hASC AU - Tuin, S.A. AU - Cunningham, D.J. AU - Pfeiler, W.T. AU - Bernacki, S.H. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Loboa, E.G. T2 - 15th Annual North Carolina Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Society Conference C2 - 2013/10// C3 - Proceedings of the 15th Annual North Carolina Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Society Conference CY - Winston-Salem, NC DA - 2013/10// PY - 2013/10// ER - TY - CONF TI - 3-D Computational Modeling of Fluid Flow Over Winged Fibers: Winged Fibers Enhance Shear Stress and RUNX2 Expression in hASC AU - Tuin, S.A. AU - Cunningham, D.J. AU - Pfeiler, W.T. AU - Bernacki, S.H. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Loboa, E.G. T2 - Annual Joint Meeting of the Materials Research Society and the Materials Information Society C2 - 2013/11// C3 - Proceedings of the Annual Joint Meeting of the Materials Research Society and the Materials Information Society CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2013/11// PY - 2013/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - Micro and Macro Modeling Filtration in Nonwovens AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Tafreshi, H. AU - Maze, B. T2 - Filtrex 2013 C2 - 2013/5// CY - Seoul, Korea DA - 2013/5// PY - 2013/5// ER - TY - RPRT TI - Biodegradable non-woven fabric having plant virus encapsulated actives for drug delivery AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Lommel, S.A. AU - Honarbakhsh, S. AU - Carbonell, R. AU - Guenther, R.H. DA - 2013/9/17/ PY - 2013/9/17/ M1 - 8535727 M3 - U.S. Patent SN - 8535727 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Lightweight High-Tensile, High-Tear Strength Bicomponent Nonwoven Fabrics AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam DA - 2013/11/13/ PY - 2013/11/13/ M1 - 5339896 M3 - Japan Patent SN - 5339896 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Durable Fabrics Produced by Fibrillating Multilobal Fibers AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Sharp, Stephen R. DA - 2013/4/3/ PY - 2013/4/3/ M1 - 2,165,010 M3 - Europe Patent SN - 2,165,010 ER - TY - RPRT TI - High Strength Durable Micro and Nano-Fiber Fabrics Produced by Fibrillating Islands in the Sea Fibers AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam DA - 2013/7/2/ PY - 2013/7/2/ M1 - 10-1280398 M3 - Korea Patent SN - 10-1280398 ER - TY - RPRT TI - High Strength Durable Micro and Nano-Fiber Fabrics Produced by Fibrillating Islands in the Sea Fibers AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam DA - 2013/8/21/ PY - 2013/8/21/ M1 - 5266050 M3 - Japan Patent SN - 5266050 ER - TY - RPRT TI - High Strength Durable Micro and Nano-Fiber Fabrics Produced by Fibrillating Islands in the Sea Fibers AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Sharp, Stephen R. AU - Fedorova, Nataliya DA - 2013/5/2/ PY - 2013/5/2/ M1 - EP1907201 M3 - Germany Patent SN - EP1907201 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Composite Filter Media with High Surface Area Fibers AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Chappas, Walter DA - 2013/4/2/ PY - 2013/4/2/ M1 - 8,410,006 M3 - U.S. Patent SN - 8,410,006 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impacts of high-speed waterjets on web structures AU - Suragani Venu, Lalith B. AU - Shim, Eunkyoung AU - Anantharamaiah, Nagendra AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - The Journal of The Textile Institute AB - AbstractHydroentangling, where a fabric is formed by striking of fine, closely spaced, high speed waterjets, is one of the fastest growing bonding methods in the nonwoven industry. Softness, drape, conformability, and relatively high strength are the major characteristics that make this bonding technology unique. Despite the method appeal, few understand the impact of waterjet on fabric structures. The primary function of waterjet is to produce fiber entangling, which induces web integrity. In this paper, we have analyzed the interaction of waterjets on web structures to provide a better understanding of the hydroentangling mechanism. We have successfully visualized and analyzed structures of entangled regions through 2D and 3D imaging techniques. The influence of water-jet pressure, jet diameter, and number of jets on hydroentangled web structures is reported.Keywords: nonwovenshydroentanglingthree-dimensional structuresentanglementfiber orientation AcknowledgementThe current work was supported by the Nonwovens Cooperative Research Center and its support is gratefully acknowledged. DA - 2013/9/9/ PY - 2013/9/9/ DO - 10.1080/00405000.2013.819613 VL - 105 IS - 4 SP - 430-443 J2 - The Journal of The Textile Institute LA - en OP - SN - 0040-5000 1754-2340 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2013.819613 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interconnected, microporous hollow fibers for tissue engineering: Commercially relevant, industry standard scale-up manufacturing AU - Tuin, Stephen A. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Loboa, Elizabeth G. T2 - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A AB - Significant progress has been achieved in the field of tissue engineering to create functional tissue using biomimetic three-dimensional scaffolds that support cell growth, proliferation, and extracellular matrix production. However, many of these constructs are severely limited by poor nutrient diffusion throughout the tissue-engineered construct, resulting in cell death and tissue necrosis at the core. Nutrient transport can be improved by creation and use of scaffolds with hollow and microporous fibers, significantly improving permeability and nutrient diffusion. The purpose of this review is to highlight current technological advances in the fabrication of hollow fibers with interconnected pores throughout the fiber walls, with specific emphasis on developing hollow porous nonwoven fabrics for use as tissue engineering constructs via industry standard processing technologies: Spunbond processing and polymer melt extrusion. We outline current methodologies to create hollow and microporous scaffolds with the aim of translating that knowledge to the production of such fibers into nonwoven tissue engineering scaffolds via spunbond technology, a commercially relevant and viable melt extrusion manufacturing approach that allows for facile scale-up. DA - 2013/10/28/ PY - 2013/10/28/ DO - 10.1002/JBMA.35002 VL - 102 IS - 9 SP - 3311-3323 J2 - J. Biomed. Mater. Res. LA - en OP - SN - 1549-3296 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.35002 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hybrid mixed media nonwovens composed of macrofibers and microfibers. Part I: three-layer segmented pie configuration AU - Hollowell, Kendall B. AU - Anantharamaiah, Nagendra AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - Journal of the Textile Institute AB - Nonwoven fabrics, composed of microdenier fibers, can be easily created by using splittable bicomponents such as segmented pie. Hydroentangling has been shown as a very effective method for mechanically splitting these fibers. Such structures are known to form a densely packed nonwoven fabric with concomitant consequences in low porosity and tear strength. It is not, therefore, uncommon to insert a reinforcing scrim as a “rip-stop” mechanism in the middle of such structures to improve their properties, especially tear resistance. Instead, we propose a hybrid structure where the middle portion consists of solid homocomponent fibers, made from the same polymer as one of the components used in the bicomponent fibers, produced simultaneously during web formation, without causing noticeable changes in the fabrics’ overall texture. We report on the production and properties of fabrics composed entirely of bicomponent segmented pie fibers as well as our hybrid fabrics arranged in a three-layer configuration. DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// DO - 10.1080/00405000.2013.767430 VL - 104 IS - 9 SP - 972-979 J2 - Journal of The Textile Institute LA - en OP - SN - 0040-5000 1754-2340 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2013.767430 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - A simple simulation method for designing fibrous insulation materials AU - Arambakam, R. AU - Vahedi Tafreshi, H. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Materials & Design AB - Conductive heat in a fibrous material travels through both the air (interstitial fluid) and the fibers (solid phase). The numerical simulations reported in this paper are devised to study the effective thermal conductivity of fibrous media with different microstructural parameters. Simulations were conducted in 3-D fibrous geometries resembling the microstructure of a fibrous material. Assuming that the heat transfer through the interstitial fluid is independent of the geometrical parameters of the solid phase (for when the porosity is held constant), the energy equation was solved only for the solid structures, and the resulting values were used to predict the effective thermal conductivity of the whole media. This treatment allows us to drastically reduce the computational cost of such simulations. The results indicate that heat conduction through the solid fibrous structure increases by increasing the material’s solid volume fraction, fiber diameter, and fibers’ through-plane orientations. The in-plane orientation of the fibers, on the other hand, did not show any significant influence on the material’s conductivity. It was also shown that the microstructural parameters of fibrous insulations have negligible influence on the material’s performance if the conductivity of the solid phase is close to that of the interstitial fluid. DA - 2013/2// PY - 2013/2// DO - 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.07.058 VL - 44 SP - 99-106 J2 - Materials & Design LA - en OP - SN - 0261-3069 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.07.058 DB - Crossref KW - Conductive heat transfer KW - Fibrous materials KW - Insulation materials KW - Numerical simulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - 3-D microscale simulation of dust-loading in thin flat-sheet filters: A comparison with 1-D macroscale simulations AU - Saleh, A.M. AU - Hosseini, S.A. AU - Vahedi Tafreshi, H. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Chemical Engineering Science AB - In this work, a microscale approach is undertaken to simulate the instantaneous pressure drop and collection efficiency of fibrous media exposed to particle loading, i.e., filter aging. The air flow field through 3-D disordered geometries representing the internal microstructure of a fibrous filter is obtained by numerically solving Stokes' equations. A Lagrangian approach is used to track the trajectory of particles through our virtual filter media and determine the filter's collection efficiency under different dust-load conditions. The calculations were conducted using the ANSYS CFD code enhanced with a series of in-house C++ subroutines. To better illustrate the value of such CPU-intensive 3-D microscale modeling, we compared the results of our simulations with those obtained from a 1-D macroscale model developed based on some of the pioneering studies reported in the literature. It was found that while the 1-D macroscale models can provide fast predictions for the pressure drop and collection efficiency of a given filter, they require a series of empirical correction factors or case-specific assumptions that limit their usage for design and development of new filter media. The 3-D microscale simulation methods, in contrast, are self-sufficient as they are developed based on first principles. With the current rate of progress in developing high-speed computers, it is expected that 3-D microscale simulations will be the preferred method of filter design in the near future. DA - 2013/8// PY - 2013/8// DO - 10.1016/J.CES.2013.06.007 VL - 99 SP - 284-291 J2 - Chemical Engineering Science LA - en OP - SN - 0009-2509 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.CES.2013.06.007 DB - Crossref KW - Aerosol KW - CFD KW - Filtration KW - Separations KW - Porous media KW - Fibrous media ER - TY - JOUR TI - simple method to encapsulate SnSb nanoparticles into hollow carbon nanofibers with superior lithium-ion storage capability AU - Xue, L. G. AU - Xia, X. AU - Tucker, T. AU - Fu, K. AU - Zhang, S. AU - Li, S. L. AU - Zhang, X. W. T2 - Journal of Materials Chemistry A DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis and characterization of xLi(2)MnO(3) center dot (1-x)LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 composite cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries AU - Toprakci, O. AU - Toprakci, H. A. K. AU - Li, Y. AU - Ji, L. W. AU - Xue, L. G. AU - Lee, H. AU - Zhang, S. AU - Zhang, X. W. T2 - Journal of Power Sources DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 241 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Si/C composite nanofibers with stable electric conductive network for use as durable lithium-ion battery anode AU - Xue, L. G. AU - Fu, K. AU - Li, Y. AU - Xu, G. J. AU - Lu, Y. AU - Zhang, S. AU - Toprakci, O. AU - Zhang, X. W. T2 - Nano Energy DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Electrospun nanofiber-coated separator membranes for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries AU - Lee, Hun AU - Alcoutlabi, Mataz AU - Watson, Jill V. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - Abstract Nanofiber‐coated composite membranes were prepared by electrospinning polyvinylidene fluoride‐ co ‐chlorotrifluoroethylene (PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE) and PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE/polyvinylidene fluoride‐ co ‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐ co ‐HFP) onto six different Celgard® microporous battery separator membranes. Application of a PVDF‐based copolymer nanofiber coating onto the surface of the battery separator membrane provides a method for improving the electrolyte absorption of the separator and the separator‐electrode adhesion. Peel tests showed that both PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE and PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE/PVDF‐ co ‐HFP nanofiber coatings have comparable adhesion to the membrane substrates. Electrolyte uptake capacity was investigated by soaking the nanofiber‐coated membranes in a liquid electrolyte solution. PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE and PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE/PVDF‐ co ‐HFP nanofiber‐coated membranes exhibited higher electrolyte uptake capacities than uncoated membranes. It was also found that PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE nanofiber‐coated membranes have higher electrolyte uptakes than PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE/PVDF‐ co ‐HFP nanofiber‐coated membranes due to the smaller diameters of PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE nanofibers and higher polarity of PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE. The separator–electrode adhesion properties were also investigated. Results showed PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE and PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE/PVDF‐ co ‐HFP nanofiber coatings improved the adhesion of all six membrane substrates to the electrode. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1002/app.38894 VL - 129 IS - 4 SP - 1939-1951 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178362/ KW - batteries and fuel cells KW - blends KW - coatings ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel atmospheric plasma enhanced chitosan nanofiber/gauze composite wound dressings AU - Nawalakhe, R. AU - Shi, Q. AU - Vitchuli, N. AU - Noar, J. AU - Caldwell, J. M. AU - Breidt, F. AU - Bourham, M. A. AU - Zhang, X. AU - McCord, M. G. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - Abstract Electrospun chitosan nanofibers were deposited onto atmospheric plasma treated cotton gauze to create a novel composite bandage with higher adhesion, better handling properties, enhanced bioactivity, and moisture management. Plasma treatment of the gauze substrate was performed to improve the durability of the nanofiber/gauze interface. The chitosan nanofibers were electrospun at 3–7% concentration in trifluoroacetic acid. The composite bandages were analyzed using peel, gelbo flex, antimicrobial assay, moisture vapor transmission rate, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), absorbency, and air permeability tests. The peel test showed that plasma treatment of the substrate increased the adhesion between nanofiber layers and gauze substrate by up to four times. Atmospheric plasma pretreatment of the gauze fabric prior to electrospinning significantly reduced degradation of the nanofiber layer due to repetitive flexing. The chitosan nanofiber layer contributes significantly to the antimicrobial properties of the bandage. Air permeability and moisture vapor transport were reduced due to the presence of a nanofiber layer upon the substrate. XPS of the plasma treated cotton substrate showed formation of active sites on the surface, decrease in carbon content, and increase in oxygen content as compared to the untreated gauze. Deposition of chitosan nanofibers also increased the absorbency of gauze substrate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/app.38804 VL - 129 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multifunctional and durable nanofiber-fabric-layered composite for protective application AU - Shi, Q. AU - Vitchuli, N. AU - Nowak, J. AU - Jiang, S. AU - Caldwell, J. M. AU - Breidt, F. AU - Bourham, M. AU - Zhang, X. W. AU - McCord, M. T2 - Journal of Applied Polymer Science AB - A multifunctional and durable nanofiber-fabric-layered composite (NFLC) material was prepared by depositing electrospun Ag/PAN hybrid nanofibers onto a Nylon/cotton 50: 50 fabric substrate. The NFLCs showed excellent aerosol barrier efficiency and good air/moisture permeability. In addition, they showed excellent antibacterial efficiency by completely inhibiting the growth of both Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus. The interfacial adhesion between the nanofiber layer and fabric substrate was significantly improved by atmospheric plasma pretreatment of the substrate. The resultant NFLCs showed excellent resistance to peeling, twisting, and flexing forces. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/app.38465 VL - 128 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Co3O4/Carbon Composite Nanofibers for Use as Anode Material in Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries AU - Li, Shuli AU - Fu, Kun AU - Xue, Leigang AU - Toprakci, Ozan AU - Li, Ying AU - Zhang, Shu AU - Xu, Guanjie AU - Lu, Yao AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Hu, YH AU - Burghaus, U AU - Qiao, S T2 - Nanotechnology For Sustainable Energy DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 1140 SP - 55-66 ER - TY - CONF TI - Novel Nanofibers for Biomedical Textiles C2 - 2013/3// C3 - Joint US EPA-NCSU Interactive Collaboration Forum and Poster Session DA - 2013/3// ER - TY - CONF TI - Hybrid PEMs Incorporated with Solid Superacidic Nanofibers C2 - 2013/4// C3 - 2013 MRS Spring Meeting & Exhibit DA - 2013/4// ER - TY - CONF TI - Flexible and Binder-Free Design: Nonwoven Structure Based Si Materials as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries C2 - 2013/3// C3 - The 8th Annual NC State University Graduate Student Research Symposium DA - 2013/3// ER - TY - CONF TI - Nano in Lithium-Ion Battery C2 - 2013/6// C3 - FREEDM Systems Center Student Research Workshop DA - 2013/6// ER - TY - CONF TI - High-Power and High-Energy Electrochemical Electrodes and Supercapacitors C2 - 2013/11// C3 - Center for Dielectric Studies 2013 Fall Meeting DA - 2013/11// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heat treatment of electrospun Polyvinylidene fluoride fibrous membrane separators for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries AU - Liang, Yinzheng AU - Cheng, Sichen AU - Zhao, Jianmeng AU - Zhang, Changhuan AU - Sun, Shiyuan AU - Zhou, Nanting AU - Qiu, Yiping AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - Journal of Power Sources AB - Li2MnSiO4 has been considered as a promising cathode material with an extremely high theoretically capacity of 332 mAh g−1. However, due to its low intrinsic conductivity and poor structural stability, only about half of the theoretical capacity has been realized in practice and the capacity decays rapidly during cycling. To realize the high capacity and improve the cycling performance, Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by the combination of iron doping and electrospinning. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electronic microscope were applied to characterize the Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon nanofibers. It was found that Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4 nanoparticles were embedded into continuous carbon nanofiber matrices, which formed free-standing porous mats that could be used as binder-free cathodes. The iron doping improved the conductivity and purity of the active material, and the carbon nanofiber matrix facilitated ion transfer and charge diffusion. As a result, Li2Mn0.8Fe0.2SiO4/carbon nanofiber cathodes showed promising improvement on reversible capacity and cycling performance. DA - 2013/10// PY - 2013/10// DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.011 VL - 240 SP - 204-211 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2013.04.019 KW - Li2MnSiO4 KW - Iron doping KW - Cathode KW - Electrospinning KW - Carbon nanofibers ER - TY - CONF TI - Fast and Low-Cost Production of Nanofibers by Centrifugal Spinning C2 - 2013/8// C3 - College of Textiles’ Composites Symposium DA - 2013/8// ER - TY - CONF TI - Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Silicon f Sheets: A Novel Nano-Architecture for Flexible Lithium-ion Battery Electrodes C2 - 2013/11// C3 - North Carolina American Chemical Society’s 127th Sectional Conference DA - 2013/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Silicon Sheets: A Novel Nano-Architecture for Flexible Lithium-ion Battery Electrodes C2 - 2013/11// C3 - MRS/ASM/AVS/AReMS Meeting DA - 2013/11// ER - TY - CONF TI - Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Silicon Sheets: A Novel Nano-Architecture for Flexible Lithium-ion Battery Electrodes C2 - 2013/12// C3 - 2013 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit DA - 2013/12// ER - TY - BOOK TI - Simulation Modeling with SIMIO: A Workbook AU - Joines, J.A. AU - Roberts, S.D. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// ET - 3rd PB - Simio LLC Sewickley, PA ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Effect of Hue on the Perception of Blackness Using Munsell Samples AU - Haslup, J. Reid Clonts AU - Shamey, Renzo AU - Hinks, David T2 - COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION AB - Although black is an important color, the perception of black objects has not been systematically examined. The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of hue on the perception of preferred blackness. A set of 20 glossy low chroma Munsell sheets were purchased comprising a complete hue circle with a value and chroma of two and one, respectively (L* = 19.3–20.75, and C* = 3.66–6.58). The Munsell samples were divided into two interleaved groups: (5R, 5YR, 5Y, 5GY, 5G, 5BG, 5B, 5PB, 5P, and 5RP) and (10R, 10YR, 10Y, 10GY, 10G, 10BG, 10B, 10PB, 10P, and 10RP). Fifty color‐normal observers force‐ranked the two sets of 10 samples from “most like black” to “least like black.” Observers then assessed a set of six samples that represented the three samples from each set of 10 that the observer chose to be “most like black.” The 50 observers were found to have fairly good autoconcordance and concordance values. In repeat experiments observers agreed with themselves in 81% of the pairwise decisions, and they agreed with the grand mean rank 76% of the time. The blue–green samples (with Munsell hue notations 10G, 5BG, and 10BG) were most selected (and were considered blackest), followed by green, blue, and purple–blue. The samples selected the fewest times by any observer as being most black were the red samples. The grand mean rankings demonstrate that greenish to bluish blacks are perceived by the observers as “blacker” than yellowish and reddish blacks. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 38, 423–428, 2013 DA - 2013/12// PY - 2013/12// DO - 10.1002/col.21744 VL - 38 IS - 6 SP - 423-428 SN - 1520-6378 KW - blackness KW - blackness preference KW - psychophysical assessment of blackness KW - blackness in Munsell system ER - TY - JOUR TI - High efficiency ultra-deep dyeing of cotton via mercerization and cationization AU - Fu, S. AU - Hinks, D. AU - Hauser, P. AU - Ankeny, M. T2 - Cellulose DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1007/s10570-013-0081-6 VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 3101-3110 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polymeric Systems Incorporating Plant Viral Nanoparticles for Tailored Release of Therapeutics AU - Honarbakhsh, Sara AU - Guenther, Richard H. AU - Willoughby, Julie A. AU - Lommel, Steven A. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS AB - Therapeutic polylactide (PLA) nanofibrous matrices are fabricated by incorporating plant viral nanoparticles (PVNs) infused with fluorescent agents ethidium bromide (EtBr) and rhodamine (Rho), and cancer therapeutic doxorubicin (Dox). The native virus, Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV), reversibly opens and closes upon exposure to the appropriate environmental stimuli. Infusing RCNMV with small molecules allows the incorporation of PVN(Active) into fibrous matrices via two methods: direct processing by in situ electrospinning of a polymer and PVNs solution or immersion of the matrix into a viral nanoparticle solution. Five organic solvents commonly in-use for electrospinning are evaluated for potential negative impact on RCNMV stability. In addition, leakage of rhodamine from the corresponding PVN(Rho) upon solvent exposure is determined. Incorporation of the PVN into the matrices are evaluated via transmission electron, scanning electron and fluorescent microscopies. Finally, the percent cumulative release of doxorubicin from both PLA nanofibers and PLA and polyethylene oxide (PEO) hybrid nanofibers demonstrate tailored release due to the incorporation of PVN(Dox) as compared to the control nanofibers with free Dox. Preliminary kinetic analysis results suggest a two-phase release profile with the first phase following a hindered Fickian transport mechanism for the release of Dox for the polymer-embedded PVNs. In contrast, the nanofiber matrices that incorporate PVNs through the immersion processing method followed a pseudo-first order kinetic transport mechanism. DA - 2013/7// PY - 2013/7// DO - 10.1002/adhm.201200434 VL - 2 IS - 7 SP - 1001-1007 SN - 2192-2659 KW - controlled release KW - drug delivery KW - nanofibers KW - plant viral nanoparticles KW - virus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Two-Stage Desorption-Controlled Release of Fluorescent Dye and Vitamin from Solution-Blown and Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Containing Porogens AU - Khansari, S. AU - Duzyer, S. AU - Sinha-Ray, S. AU - Hockenberger, A. S. AU - Yarin, A. L. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS AB - In the present work, a systematic study of the release kinetics of two embedded model drugs (one completely water soluble and one partially water soluble) from hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanofiber mats was conducted. Fluorescent dye Rhodamine B was used as a model hydrophilic drug in controlled release experiments after it was encapsulated in solution-blown soy-protein-containing hydrophilic nanofibers as well as in electrospun hydrophobic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-containing nanofibers. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), a partially water-soluble model drug, was also encapsulated in hydrophobic PET-containing nanofiber mats, and its release kinetics was studied. The nanofiber mats were submerged in water, and the amount of drug released was tracked by fluorescence intensity. It was found that the release process saturates well below 100% release of the embedded compound. This is attributed to the fact that desorption is the limiting process in the release from biopolymer-containing nanofibers similar to the previously reported release from petroleum-derived polymer nanofibers. Release from monolithic as well as core-shell nanofibers was studied in the present work. Moreover, to facilitate the release and ultimately to approach 100% release, we also incorporated porogens, for example, poly(ethylene glycol), PEG. It was also found that the release rate can be controlled by the porogen choice in nanofibers. The effect of nanocracks created by leaching porogens on drug release was studied experimentally and evaluated theoretically, and the physical parameters characterizing the release process were established. The objective of the present work is a detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of controlled drug release from nanofibers facilitated by the presence of porogens. The novelty of this work is in forming nanofibers containing biodegradable and biocompatible soy proteins to facilitate controlled drug release as well as in measuring detailed quantitative characteristics of the desorption processes responsible for release of the model substance (fluorescent dye) and the vitamin (riboflavin) in the presence of porogens. DA - 2013/12// PY - 2013/12// DO - 10.1021/mp4003442 VL - 10 IS - 12 SP - 4509-4526 SN - 1543-8384 KW - controlled release KW - nanofibers KW - soy protein KW - porogens KW - desorption ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Silicon Sheets: A Novel Nano-architecture for Flexible Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes AU - Fu, Kun AU - Yildiz, Ozkan AU - Bhanushali, Hardik AU - Wang, Yongxin AU - Stano, Kelly AU - Xue, Leigang AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Bradford, Philip D. T2 - ADVANCED MATERIALS AB - Aligned carbon nanotube sheets provide an engineered scaffold for the deposition of a silicon active material for lithium ion battery anodes. The sheets are low-density, allowing uniform deposition of silicon thin films while the alignment allows unconstrained volumetric expansion of the silicon, facilitating stable cycling performance. The flat sheet morphology is desirable for battery construction. DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// DO - 10.1002/adma.201301920 VL - 25 IS - 36 SP - 5109-5114 SN - 1521-4095 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178364/ KW - silicon KW - carbon nanotube KW - super-aligned KW - anode KW - lithium ion batteries ER - TY - JOUR TI - A simple method to encapsulate SnSb nanoparticles into hollow carbon nanofibers with superior lithium-ion storage capability AU - Xue, Leigang AU - Xia, Xin AU - Tucker, Telpriore AU - Fu, Kun AU - Zhang, Shu AU - Li, Shuli AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A AB - The practical use of high-capacity anodes in lithium-ion batteries generally suffers from significant volume changes upon lithium insertion and extraction. The volume changes induce cracks and loss of inter-particle electronic contact in the electrode, resulting in rapid capacity decay. The use of fiber-like materials to prevent cracks and accommodate volume changes is widely observed in many animal and human activities. Birds mix grass and feathers into mud to build nests, and humans in ancient times blended straw with mud to produce adobe bricks for housing construction. In view of this point, this research designed a porous nanofiber structure to resolve the unstable structure problem of anode materials. The three-dimensional network structure composed of nanofibers provides a highly elastic matrix to accommodate the volume changes of high-capacity Sn and Sb particles and pores around the active particles, induced by CO2 evolution, serve as an additional buffer zone for the volume changes. This unique structure prepared by using a new SnSb alloy precursor and a simple electrospinning technique leads to excellent lithium storage performance in terms of energy density, cycling stability, and rate capability. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1039/c3ta12921g VL - 1 IS - 44 SP - 13807-13813 SN - 2050-7496 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178344/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preservation of Cell Viability and Protein Conformation on Immobilization within Nanofibers via Electrospinning Functionalized Yeast AU - Canbolat, M. Fatih AU - Gera, Nimish AU - Tang, Christina AU - Monian, Brinda AU - Rao, Balaji M. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Khan, Saad A. T2 - ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES AB - We investigate the immobilization of a model system of functionalized yeast that surface-display enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) within chemically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers. Yeast is incorporated into water insoluble nanofibrous materials by direct electrospinning with PVA followed by vapor phase chemical crosslinking of the polymer. Incorporation of yeast into the fibers is confirmed by elemental analysis and the viability is indicated by live/dead staining. Following electrospinning and crosslinking, we confirm that the yeast maintains its viability as well as the ability to express eGFP in the correct conformation. This method of processing functionalized yeast may thus be a powerful tool in the direct immobilization of properly folded, active enzymes within electrospun nanofibers with potential applications in biocatalysis. DA - 2013/10/9/ PY - 2013/10/9/ DO - 10.1021/am4022768 VL - 5 IS - 19 SP - 9349-9354 SN - 1944-8252 KW - electrospinning KW - nanofiber KW - protein KW - biocatalyst immobilization KW - yeast surface display ER - TY - JOUR TI - Parameter study and characterization for polyacrylonitrile nanofibers fabricated via centrifugal spinning process AU - Lu, Yao AU - Li, Ying AU - Zhang, Shu AU - Xu, Guanjie AU - Fu, Kun AU - Lee, Hun AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL AB - Electrospinning is currently the most popular method for producing polymer nanofibers. However, the low production rate and safety concern limit the practical use of electrospinning as a cost-effective nanofiber fabrication approach. Herein, we present a novel and simple centrifugal spinning technology that extrudes nanofibers from polymer solutions by using a high-speed rotary and perforated spinneret. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were prepared by selectively varying parameters that can affect solution intrinsic properties and operational conditions. The resultant PAN nanofibers were characterized by SEM, and XRD. The correlation between fiber morphology and processing conditions was established. Results demonstrated that the fiber morphology can be easily manipulated by controlling the spinning parameters and the centrifugal spinning process is a facile approach for fabricating polymer nanofibers in a large-scale and low-cost fashion. DA - 2013/12// PY - 2013/12// DO - 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.09.017 VL - 49 IS - 12 SP - 3834-3845 SN - 1873-1945 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178360/ KW - Nanofibers KW - Centrifugal spinning KW - Electrospinning KW - Polyacrylonitrile KW - Diameter KW - Crystallinity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabrication and Characterization of SiO2/PVDF Composite Nanofiber-Coated PP Nonwoven Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries AU - Yanilmaz, Meltem AU - Chen, Chen AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS AB - ABSTRACT SiO 2 /polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite nanofiber‐coated polypropylene (PP) nonwoven membranes were prepared by electrospinning of SiO 2 /PVDF dispersions onto both sides of PP nonwovens. The goal of this study was to combine the good mechanical strength of PP nonwoven with the excellent electrochemical properties of SiO 2 /PVDF composite nanofibers to obtain a new high‐performance separator. It was found that the addition of SiO 2 nanoparticles played an important role in improving the overall performance of these nanofiber‐coated nonwoven membranes. Among the membranes with various SiO 2 contents, 15% SiO 2 /PVDF composite nanofiber‐coated PP nonwoven membranes provided the highest ionic conductivity of 2.6 × 10 −3 S cm −1 after being immersed in a liquid electrolyte, 1 mol L −1 lithium hexafluorophosphate in ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. Compared with pure PVDF nanofiber‐coated PP nonwoven membranes, SiO 2 /PVDF composite fiber‐coated PP nonwoven membranes had greater liquid electrolyte uptake, higher electrochemical oxidation limit, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium. SiO 2 /PVDF composite fiber‐coated PP nonwoven membrane separators were assembled into lithium/lithium iron phosphate cells and demonstrated high cell capacities and good cycling performance at room temperature. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013 , 51 , 1719–1726 DA - 2013/12/1/ PY - 2013/12/1/ DO - 10.1002/polb.23387 VL - 51 IS - 23 SP - 1719-1726 SN - 1099-0488 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178359/ KW - battery separators KW - electrospinning KW - fibers KW - nanocomposites KW - nanoparticles KW - polyvinylidene fluoride KW - SiO2 nanoparticles ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of CVD carbon coatings on Si@CNF composite as anode for lithium-ion batteries AU - Fu, K. AU - Xue, L. G. AU - Yildiz, O. AU - Li, S. L. AU - Lee, H. AU - Li, Y. AU - Xu, G. J. AU - Zhou, L. AU - Bradford, P. D. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - al. T2 - NANO ENERGY AB - Lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes with high capacity and binder free structure were synthesized from carbon nanofibers that contained silicon nanoparticles (Si@CNF). The particle filled nonwoven structures were produced by an electrospinning and subsequent carbonization process. Pristine Si@CNF composites had Si nanoparticles exposed on the fiber surface. As produced, the Si nanoparticles could become detached from the nanofiber surface during cycling, causing severe structural damage and capacity loss. In order to prevent Si from detaching from the nanofiber surface, the Si@CNF composite was then treated with a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique to make Si completely coated with a carbon matrix. The carbon coated Si@CNF (Si@CNF-C) composites were synthesized with different Si contents (10, 30, and 50 wt%) for different CVD treatment times (30, 60, and 90 min). It was found that the initial coulombic efficiency of Si@CNF-C could be increased via the amorphous carbon by stabilizing solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) formation on surface. The capacity and cyclic stability were improved by the CVD carbon coating, especially for the 30 wt% Si@CNF-C composite with 90 min CVD coating, a CVD amorphous carbon coating of less than 1% by weight on Si@CNF composites contributed to more than 200% improvement in cycling performance. Results indicate that the CVD carbon coating is an effective approach to improve the electrochemical properties of Si@CNF composites making this a potential route to obtain high-energy density anode materials for LIBs. DA - 2013/9// PY - 2013/9// DO - 10.1016/j.nanoen.2013.03.019 VL - 2 IS - 5 SP - 976-986 SN - 2211-3282 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178363/ KW - Lithium-ion battery anode KW - Silicon KW - Carbon nanofibers KW - CVD KW - SEI KW - Coulombic efficiency ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biopolymer-Based Nanofiber Mats and Their Mechanical Characterization AU - Khansari, Shahrzad AU - Sinha-Ray, Suman AU - Yarin, Alexander L. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH AB - Nanofibers produced from plant- and animal-derived proteins using the solution-blowing method were collected and their mechanical properties were characterized and compared with those of synthetic polymer samples that were produced and collected similarly. Soy protein, zein, lignin, and cellulose acetate were the plant-derived proteins and silk protein (sericin) and bovine serum albumin were the animal-derived proteins used in the present work to form nanofibers by solution blowing. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that solution blowing can be successfully used to form nanotextured nonwovens from a number of biopolymers, which is of significant interest for a wide range of applications such as filtration, packaging, bioplastics and biomedical materials. Tensile tests were used to elucidate mechanical properties of such nanofiber mats. It was also shown that hot and cold drawing can be applied as a post-treatment to further enhance their mechanical performance. DA - 2013/10/30/ PY - 2013/10/30/ DO - 10.1021/ie402246x VL - 52 IS - 43 SP - 15104-15113 SN - 0888-5885 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis and characterization of xLi(2)MnO(3) center dot (1-x)LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 composite cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries AU - Toprakci, Ozan AU - Toprakci, Hatice A. K. AU - Li, Ying AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Xue, Leigang AU - Lee, Hun AU - Zhang, Shu AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES AB - Various xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) cathode materials were prepared by the one-step sol–gel route. The structure of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology and microstructure of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical performance of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites was evaluated in terms of capacity, cycling performance and rate capability. Although the morphology and structure were found to be affected by the Li2MnO3 content, all composites showed an α-NaFeO2 structure with R3m space group. Electrochemical results showed that cells using 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 composites had good performance, in terms of large reversible capacity, prolonged cycling stability, and excellent rate capability. DA - 2013/11/1/ PY - 2013/11/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.155 VL - 241 SP - 522-528 SN - 0378-7753 UR - https://publons.com/publon/674386/ KW - Lithium-ion batteries KW - Cathodes KW - Electrochemical performance KW - Li-rich KW - xLi(2)MnO(3)center dot(1-x)LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improvement of cyclability of silicon-containing carbon nanofiber anodes for lithium-ion batteries by employing succinic anhydride as an electrolyte additive AU - Li, Ying AU - Xu, Guanjie AU - Yao, Yingfang AU - Xue, Leigang AU - Zhang, Shu AU - Lu, Yao AU - Toprakci, Ozan AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY DA - 2013/5// PY - 2013/5// DO - 10.1007/s10008-013-2005-7 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 1393-1399 SN - 1433-0768 UR - https://publons.com/publon/674383/ KW - Electrospinning KW - Carbon nanofiber KW - Si nanoparticle KW - Succinic anhydride KW - Lithium-ion batteries ER - TY - JOUR TI - High-performance Sn/Carbon Composite Anodes Derived from Sn(II) Acetate/Polyacrylonitrile Precursors by Electrospinning Technology AU - Li, Shuli AU - Xue, Leigang AU - Fu, Kun AU - Xia, Xin AU - Zhao, Chengxin AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AB - Sn/carbon composite nanofibers with various compositions were prepared from Sn(II) acetate/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors by a combination of electrospinning and carbonization methods, and their potential use as anode materials for rechargeable lithiumion batteries was investigated. The composite electrode derived from 20 wt% Sn(II) acetate/PAN precursor showed excellent electrochemical properties, including a large reversible capacity of 699 mAh g‾1 and a high capacity retention of 83% in 50 cycles. Sn/carbon composite nanofibers exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance ascribing to the combination of the properties of both Sn nanoparticles (large Li storage capability) and carbon matrices (long cycle life), and therefore could be potentially used in high-energy rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Keywords: Tin, tin(II) acetate, Composite nanofiber, Electrospinning, Lithium-ion battery. DA - 2013/7// PY - 2013/7// DO - 10.2174/1385272811317130011 VL - 17 IS - 13 SP - 1448-1454 SN - 1385-2728 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178342/ KW - Tin KW - tin(II) acetate KW - Composite nanofiber KW - Electrospinning KW - Lithium-ion battery ER - TY - JOUR TI - Blowing drops off a filament AU - Sahu, R. P. AU - Sinha-Ray, S. AU - Yarin, A. L. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - Soft Matter AB - The first part of this work is devoted to the experimental study of oil drop motion along a filament due to the parallel air jet blowing. The drop displacement and velocity along the filament are measured. A number of accompanying phenomena are observed. These include drop stick–slip motion and shape oscillations, shedding of a tail along the filament, the tail capillary instability and drop recoil motion. The experimental observations are rationalized in the framework of several simplified models, and the origin of several observed phenomena is elucidated. In the second part of this work, experiments with cross-flow of the surrounding gas relative to the filament with an oil drop on it are conducted, with the gas velocity being in the 7.23 to 22.7 m s−1 range. The Weber number varied from 2 to 40 and the Ohnesorge number was in the 0.07 to 0.8 range. The lower and upper critical Weber numbers were introduced to distinguish between the beginning of the drop blowing off the filament and the onset of the bag-stamen drop breakup. The range of the Weber number between these two critical values is filled with three types of vibrational breakup: V1 (a balloon-like drop being blown off), V2 (a drop on a single stamen being blown off), and V3 (a drop on a double stamen being blown off). At still higher values of the Weber number, the bag-stamen breakup can be replaced by the bag type of breakup depending on a slight difference in the blowing speed, or the former and the latter can become intermittent depending on the drop asymmetry relative to the filament. The Weber number/Ohnesorge number plane was delineated into domains corresponding to different breakup regimes, the statistics of the residual liquid portion left on a filament was established and drop hopping across neighboring filaments was studied. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1039/c3sm50618e VL - 9 IS - 26 SP - 6053 J2 - Soft Matter LA - en OP - SN - 1744-683X 1744-6848 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3sm50618e DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis and properties of Li2MnO3-based cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries AU - Xue, Leigang AU - Zhang, Shu AU - Li, Shuli AU - Lu, Yao AU - Toprakci, Ozan AU - Xia, Xin AU - Chen, Chen AU - Hu, Yi AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS AB - Lithium-ion batteries have been wildly used in various portable electronic devices and the application targets are currently moving from small-sized mobile devices to large-scale electric vehicles and grid energy storage. Therefore, lithium-ion batteries with higher energy densities are in urgent need. For high-energy cathodes, Li2MnO3–LiMO2 layered–layered (M = Mn, Co, Ni) materials are of significant interest due to their high specific capacities over wide operating potential windows. Here, three Li2MnO3-based cathode materials with α-NaFeO2 structure were prepared by a facile co-precipitation method and subsequent heat treatment. Among these three materials, 0.3Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2·0.2LiCoO2 shows the best lithium storage capability. This cathode material is composed of uniform nanosized particles with diameters ranging from 100 to 200 nm, and it could be charged to a high cutoff potential to extract more lithium, resulting in a high capacity of 178 mAh g−1 between 2.0 and 4.6 V with almost no capacity loss over 100 cycles. DA - 2013/11/15/ PY - 2013/11/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.07.029 VL - 577 SP - 560-563 SN - 1873-4669 UR - https://publons.com/publon/674387/ KW - Cathode material KW - Li2MnO3 KW - High capacity KW - Structure stability KW - Cycling performance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon as an anode material for lithium battery AU - Zhang, Ming AU - Gao, Bin AU - Li, Ying AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - Hardin, Ian R. T2 - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL AB - Abstract In this work, cotton fibers and pyrene-dispersed graphene sheets were used to produce graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon as an anode material for lithium battery. The graphene sheets were wrapped around the cotton fibers by simply dipping the fabric in a graphene/pyrene-derivative suspension. And then the cotton/graphene textile was annealed at 700 °C in a quartz tube furnace under Ar flow conditions. During the annealing process, the gaps between separated graphene sheets were “soldered” by “glue” molecules (aromatic molecular surfactant) to form graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon. Because of the unique electric properties of the graphene “skin” on the pyrogenic carbon, the flexible graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon showed relatively large storage capacity to lithium. Galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments also showed that the graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon electrode provided a reversible discharge capacity as high as 288 mA h g−1 even after 50 cycles and thus can be used an anode material in lithium battery. DA - 2013/8/1/ PY - 2013/8/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.cej.2013.06.025 VL - 229 SP - 399-403 SN - 1385-8947 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178361/ KW - Graphene KW - Pyrogenic carbon KW - Cotton fibers KW - Annealing KW - Lithium battery ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of surfactants on the microstructures of electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and their carbonized analogs AU - Aykut, Yakup AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Khan, Saad A. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - ABSTRACT In this study, the influence of surfactants on the processability of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and their carbonized analogs was investigated. The surfactants employed in this effort are Triton X‐100 (nonionic surfactant, SF‐N), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (anionic surfactant, SF‐A), and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMAB) (cationic surfactant, SF‐C). Interactions between electrospun PAN and the surfactants, reflected in effects on as‐spun and carbonized nanofiber morphologies and microstructures, were explored. The results show that uniform nanofibers are obtained when cationic and anionic surfactants (surfactant free and nonionic surfactants) are utilized in the preparation of electrospun PAN. In contrast, a bead‐on‐a‐string morphology results when the aniconic and cationic surfactants are present, and defect structure is enhanced with cationic surfactant addition. Moreover, fiber breakage is observed when the nonionic surfactant Triton X‐100 is employed for electrospinning. After carbonizaition, the PAN polymers were observed to have less ordered structures with addition of any type of surfactant used for electrospinning and the disorder becomes more pronounced when the anionic surfactant is utilized. Owing to the fact that microstructure defects create midband gap states that enable more electrons to be emitted from the fiber, an enhancement of electron emission is observed for PAN electrospun in the presence of the anionic surfactant. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3726–3735, 2013 DA - 2013/12/5/ PY - 2013/12/5/ DO - 10.1002/app.39637 VL - 130 IS - 5 SP - 3726-3735 SN - 1097-4628 KW - electrospinning KW - nanostructured polymers KW - morphology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of DMDBS (3: 2, 4-bis(3,4-dimethyldibenzylidene) sorbitol) and NA11 (sodium 2,2-methylene-bis(4,6-di-tertbutylphenyl)-phosphate) on electret properties of polypropylene filaments AU - Kilic, Ali AU - Shim, Eunkyoung AU - Yeom, Bong Yeol AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - ABSTRACT Polypropylene (PP) composite filaments containing two different nucleating agents—DMDBS (3 : 2, 4‐bis(3,4‐dimethyldibenzylidene) sorbitol) and NA11 (sodium 2,2′‐methylene‐bis(4,6‐di‐tertbutylphenyl)‐phosphate) were melt spun to modify polymer electrostatic charging characteristics. Sample filaments were charged with a corona instrument and their surface potentials were measured. Initial surface potential as well as potential stability was monitored through an accelerated decay procedure. NA11 was found to be more efficient as an electret additive leading to a 50% increase in charge stability. Filaments with DMDBS exhibited a faster decay. Charging at elevated temperatures resulted in enhanced charge density and stability for both additives. The fiber microstructure was examined by Wide Angle X‐ray Diffraction and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Rather than reducing the crystal sizes, X‐Ray diffractograms suggest that the crystal size increases with the addition of nucleating agents, while the degree of crystallinity appears to remain unaltered. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2068–2075, 2013 DA - 2013/11/5/ PY - 2013/11/5/ DO - 10.1002/app.39392 VL - 130 IS - 3 SP - 2068-2075 SN - 1097-4628 KW - polyolefins KW - fibers KW - separation techniques KW - blends ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis and characterization of silver/lithium cobalt oxide (Ag/LiCoO2) nanofibers via sol-gel electrospinning AU - Aykut, Yakup AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Khan, Saad A. T2 - JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS AB - We report on the preparation and characterization of Ag/LiCoO2 nanofibers (NFs) via the sol–gel electrospinning (ES) technique. Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were produced in an aqueous polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) solution by using AgNO3 precursor. A viscous lithium acetate/cobalt acetate/polyvinylalcohol/water (LiAc/(CoAc)2/PVA/water) solution was prepared separately. A Ag NPs/PVP/water solution was prepared and added to this viscous solution and magnetically stirred to obtain the final homogeneous electrospinning solution. After establishing the proper electrospinning conditions, as-spun precursor Ag/LiAc/Co(Ac)2/PVA/PVP NFs were formed and calcined in air at a temperature of 600 °C for 3 h to form well-crystallized porous Ag/LiCoO2 NFs. Various analytical characterization techniques such as UV–vis, SEM, TEM, TGA, XRD, and XPS were performed to analyze Ag NPs, as-spun and calcined NFs. It was established that Ag NPs in the precursor Ag/LiAc/Co(Ac)2/PVA/PVP NFs are highly self-aligned as a result of the behavior of Ag in the electric field of the electrospinning setup and the interaction of Ag ions with Li and Co ions in the NF. Ag/LiCoO2 NFs exhibit a nanoporous structure compared with un-doped LiCoO2 NFs because the atomic radius of Ag is larger than the radius of Co and Li ion; thus, no substitution between Ag and Li or Ag and Co atoms occurs, and Ag NPs are located at the interlayer of LiCoO2 while some are left in the fiber. DA - 2013/11// PY - 2013/11// DO - 10.1016/j.jpcs.2013.05.021 VL - 74 IS - 11 SP - 1538-1545 SN - 1879-2553 KW - Nanostructures KW - Sol-gel growth KW - Crystal structure KW - Microstructure ER - TY - JOUR TI - Si/C composite nanofibers with stable electric conductive network for use as durable lithium-ion battery anode AU - Fu, Kun AU - Xue, Leigang AU - Yildiz, Ozkan AU - Li, Shuli AU - Lee, Hun AU - Li, Ying AU - Xu, Guanjie AU - Zhou, Lan AU - Bradford, Philip D. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - al., T2 - NANO ENERGY AB - High-energy anode materials have attracted significant attention because of their potential applications in large-scale energy storage devices. However, they often suffer from rapid capacity fading due to the pulverization of the electrode and the breakdown of electric conductive network caused by the large volume changes of active material upon repeated lithium insertion and extraction. In this work, a new electrode composed of Si/C composite nanofibers was prepared, aiming at the improvement of cycling performance of Si anodes through the establishment of a stable electric conductive network for Si during cycling. By electrospinning, a three-dimensional network of carbon nanofibers, which possesses good elasticity to maintain the structure integrity and stable electric conductive network, is formed; by carbon coating, all Si nanoparticles are tightly bonded with carbon fibers to form a stable electric conductive pathway for electrode reactions. The nanofiber structure and the carbon coating on Si, combined with the binder, lead to a stable network structure that can accommodate the huge volume change of Si during the repeated volume expansion and contraction, thus resulting in excellent cycling performance. DA - 2013/5// PY - 2013/5// DO - 10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.11.001 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 361-367 SN - 2211-3282 UR - https://publons.com/publon/674385/ KW - Lithium-ion battery anode KW - Volume change KW - Electric conductive network KW - Cycling stability KW - Carbon coating KW - Nanofiber ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heat treatment of electrospun Polyvinylidene fluoride fibrous membrane separators for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries AU - Liang, Yinzheng AU - Cheng, Sichen AU - Zhao, Jianmeng AU - Zhang, Changhuan AU - Sun, Shiyuan AU - Zhou, Nanting AU - Qiu, Yiping AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES AB - Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibrous membranes for use as lithium-ion battery separators were prepared by electrospinning technique. Heat treatment was introduced to improve the tensile strength and elongation-at-break as well as the tensile modulus of PVDF fibrous membranes, with the best mechanical properties achieved after treatment at 160 °C for 2 h. After heat treatment at 160 °C for 2 h, the ionic conductivity of the liquid electrolyte-soaked PVDF fibrous membranes was 1.35 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature. Moreover, compared with commercial Celgard 2400 separator, heat-treated PVDF fibrous membranes exhibited higher electrochemical stability window and lower interfacial resistance with lithium electrode. In addition, at a 0.2C rate, Li/LiFePO4 cells using heat-treated PVDF fibrous membrane separator showed high charge/discharge capacities and stable cycle performance. DA - 2013/10/15/ PY - 2013/10/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.019 VL - 240 SP - 204-211 SN - 0378-7753 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178365/ KW - Lithium-ion battery KW - Electrospinning KW - PVDF KW - Separator KW - Heat treatment ER - TY - CONF TI - Co3O4/carbon composite nanofibers for use as anode material in advanced lithium-ion batteries AU - Li, S. L. AU - Fu, K. AU - Xue, L. G. AU - Toprakci, O. AU - Li, Y. AU - Zhang, S. AU - Xu, G. J. AU - Lu, Y. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AB - Co3O4/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by a combination of electrospinning and carbonization methods using 10 - 30 nm and 30 - 50 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles, respectively, and their potential use as the anode material in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries was investigated. The composite Co3O4/carbon nanofiber electrode containing 30 - 50 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles showed large reversible capacities and good cycleability with charge capacities of 677 and 545 mAh g-1 at the second and twentieth cycles, respectively. In contrast, the composite Co3O4/carbon nanofiber electrode containing 10 - 30 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles showed fast capacity fading during cycling due to severe nanoparticle aggregation. Results suggested that the good electrochemical performance of Co3O4/carbon nanofiber electrode containing 30 - 50 nm Co3O4 nanoparticles was ascribed to the combination of the properties of both Co3O4 nanoparticles (large Li storage capability) and carbon nanofiber matrix (long cycle life), and therefore this electrode material could be potentially used in high-energy rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. C2 - 2013/// C3 - Nanotechnology for sustainable energy DA - 2013/// DO - 10.1021/bk-2013-1140.ch003 VL - 1140 SP - 55–66 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178343/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Catalytic graphitization and formation of macroporous-activated carbon nanofibers from salt-induced and H2S-treated polyacrylonitrile AU - Aykut, Yakup AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Khan, Saad A. T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE DA - 2013/11// PY - 2013/11// DO - 10.1007/s10853-013-7463-x VL - 48 IS - 22 SP - 7783-7790 SN - 1573-4803 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multifunctional and Durable Nanofiber-Fabric-Layered Composite for Protective Application AU - Shi, Quan AU - Vitchuli, Narendiran AU - Nowak, Joshua AU - Jiang, Shan AU - Caldwell, Jane M. AU - Breidt, Frederick AU - Bourham, Mohamed AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - McCord, Marian T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - A multifunctional and durable nanofiber-fabric-layered composite (NFLC) material was prepared by depositing electrospun Ag/PAN hybrid nanofibers onto a Nylon/cotton 50: 50 fabric substrate. The NFLCs showed excellent aerosol barrier efficiency and good air/moisture permeability. In addition, they showed excellent antibacterial efficiency by completely inhibiting the growth of both Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus. The interfacial adhesion between the nanofiber layer and fabric substrate was significantly improved by atmospheric plasma pretreatment of the substrate. The resultant NFLCs showed excellent resistance to peeling, twisting, and flexing forces. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 DA - 2013/4/15/ PY - 2013/4/15/ DO - 10.1002/app.38465 VL - 128 IS - 2 SP - 1219-1226 SN - 1097-4628 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178347/ KW - nanostructured polymers KW - textiles KW - biomedical applications ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelling and experimental studies of air permeability of nonuniform nonwoven fibrous porous media AU - Das, Dipayan AU - Ishtiaque, S. M. AU - Rao, S. V. Ajab AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - FIBERS AND POLYMERS DA - 2013/3// PY - 2013/3// DO - 10.1007/s12221-013-0494-8 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 494-499 SN - 1875-0052 KW - Nonwoven KW - Air permeability KW - Packing density KW - Nonuniformity KW - Model KW - Experiment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving electret properties of PP filaments with barium titanate AU - Kilic, Ali AU - Shim, Eunkyoung AU - Yeom, Bong Yeol AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - JOURNAL OF ELECTROSTATICS AB - Barium titanate (BaTiO3) containing polypropylene (PP) composite filaments were melt spun to modify polymer electrostatic charging characteristics. Sample filaments were charged with a corona instrument and their surface potentials were measured. Initial surface potential as well as potential stability was monitored through an accelerated decay procedure. It was found that both BaTiO3 concentration and charging temperature influence the charging characteristics of the fibers. When BaTiO3/PP composite filaments were charged at 130 °C, significant enhancements were observed when compared to samples charged at room temperature. The distribution of BaTiO3 particles within the filaments and changes in the crystal structure were also examined. DA - 2013/2// PY - 2013/2// DO - 10.1016/j.elstat.2012.11.005 VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 41-47 SN - 0304-3886 KW - Polypropylene KW - Barium titanate KW - Electret filters ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enhanced Rate Capability by Employing Carbon Nanotube-Loaded Electrospun Si/C Composite Nanofibers As Binder-Free Anodes AU - Li, Ying AU - Xu, Guanjie AU - Xue, Leigang AU - Zhang, Shu AU - Yao, Yingfang AU - Lu, Yao AU - Toprakci, Ozan AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY AB - Si/C and Si/carbon nanotube (CNT)/C composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and carbonization. The carbon nanofiber matrix can accommodate the volume change of Si nanoparticles and provide continuous pathways for efficient charge transport along the fiber axis. CNTs can improve the electronic conductivity and electrochemical performance of the composite nanofiber anodes. Results showed that many different types of connections between CNTs, Si nanoparticles and carbon matrix were formed. At a high current density of 300 mA g−1, after 30 cycles, the capacity of Si/CNT/C composite nanofiber anode was 44.3% higher than the anode without CNT and the C-rate performance of Si/CNT/C composite nanofiber anode was also superior to that of Si/C anode. It is, therefore, demonstrated that Si/CNT/C nanofibers are promising anode material with large capacities, good cycling stability, and good rate capability. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1149/2.031304jes VL - 160 IS - 3 SP - A528-A534 SN - 1945-7111 UR - https://publons.com/publon/674380/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon-Coated Si Nanoparticles Dispersed in Carbon Nanotube Networks As Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries AU - Xue, Leigang AU - Xu, Guanjie AU - Li, Ying AU - Li, Shuli AU - Fu, Kun AU - Shi, Quan AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES AB - Si has the highest theoretical capacity among all known anode materials, but it suffers from the dramatic volume change upon repeated lithiation and delithiation processes. To overcome the severe volume changes, Si nanoparticles were first coated with a polymer-driven carbon layer, and then dispersed in a CNT network. In this unique structure, the carbon layer can improve electric conductivity and buffer the severe volume change, whereas the tangled CNT network is expected to provide additional mechanical strength to maintain the integrity of electrodes, stabilize the electric conductive network for active Si, and eventually lead to better cycling performance. Electrochemical test result indicates the carbon-coated Si nanoparticles dispersed in CNT networks show capacity retention of 70% after 40 cycles, which is much better than the carbon-coated Si nanoparticles without CNTs. DA - 2013/1/9/ PY - 2013/1/9/ DO - 10.1021/am3027597 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 21-25 SN - 1944-8252 UR - https://publons.com/publon/1792840/ KW - lithium-ion battery KW - si-based anode KW - cycling stability KW - carbon coating KW - CNT networks ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acoustical absorptive properties of spunbonded nonwovens made from islands-in-the-sea bicomponent filaments AU - Suvari, Fatih AU - Ulcay, Yusuf AU - Maze, Benoit AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam T2 - JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE AB - Abstract In this paper, we report on the acoustical absorptive behavior of spunbonded nonwovens that contain bicomponent islands-in-the-sea filaments. Nylon 6 (PA6) and polyethylene were used as the islands and the sea polymers, respectively. Spunbonded webs made with islands-in-the-sea bicomponent filaments with island counts of 1, 7, 19, 37, and 108 were produced at the Nonwovens Institute’s pilot facilities at NC State University. The filaments were fibrillated by hydroentangling, where high-speed water jets were used to fibrillate the fiber and ‘free’ the islands. The influence of the number of islands on acoustical absorptive behavior of the spunbonded nonwovens was investigated. A comparison of acoustical absorptive properties of multi-layer islands-in-the-sea nonwoven and high loft nonwoven was also performed to evaluate the potential use of spunbonded nonwovens made from islands-in-the-sea bicomponent filaments in place of bulky fibrous sound absorbers. Results have shown that multi-layer 108 nonwoven islands were better acoustic absorbers at nearly half of the frequency range. Spunbonded nonwovens made from islands-in-the-sea bicomponent filaments can be a good alternative in applications where there is desire to replace bulky fibrous sound absorbers. Keywords: spunbondingsound absorptionbicomponent filamentsislands-in-the-sea Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the Nonwovens Institute. Their support is gratefully acknowledged. The first author would like to thank TUBITAK for individual support. DA - 2013/4/1/ PY - 2013/4/1/ DO - 10.1080/00405000.2012.740330 VL - 104 IS - 4 SP - 438-445 SN - 1754-2340 KW - spunbonding KW - sound absorption KW - bicomponent filaments KW - islands-in-the-sea ER - TY - JOUR TI - Synthesis of Mixed Ceramic MgxZn1-xO Nanofibers via Mg2+ Doping Using Sol-Gel Electrospinning AU - Aykut, Yakup AU - Parsons, Gregory N. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Khan, Saad A. T2 - LANGMUIR AB - We report on the synthesis of tuned energy band gap MgxZn1–xO nanofibers (NFs) with different Mg2+ content via the sol–gel electrospinning (ES) technique wherein the addition of the doping material affects not only the morphologies of as-spun ZnAc/PVA and MgAc/ZnAc/PVA nanofibers but also the crystal microstructure and optical properties of calcined ZnO and MgxZn1–xO nanofibers. Following an appropriate aqueous solution preparation of magnesium acetate (MgAc) and zinc acetate (ZnAc) with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), electrospinning is performed and then as-spun nanofibers are calcined in an air atmosphere at 600 °C for 3 h. As-spun and calcined nanofiber diameters and morphologies are evaluated with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies, whereas crystalline microstructural interpretations of ZnO and MgxZn1–xO are conducted with wide-angle X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD). Surface chemical composition and elemental evaluation of calcined nanofibers are examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical properties and crystal defect analyses of the calcined nanofibers are conducted with photoluminescence spectra (PL). We observe a sharp reduction in fiber diameter upon calcination as a result of the removal of organic species from the fibers and conversion of ceramic precursors into ceramic nanofibers, and the appearance of a range of fiber morphologies from “bead in a string” to “sesame seed” coverage depending on fiber composition. Because Zn2+ and Mg2+ have similar ionicity and atomic radii, some Zn2+ atoms are replaced by Mg2+ atoms in the crystals, leading to a change in the properties of crystal lattices. The band gap energy of the calcined fibers increases significantly with addition of Mg2+ along with an increase in the ultraviolet (UV) photoluminescence emission of the fibers. DA - 2013/3/26/ PY - 2013/3/26/ DO - 10.1021/la400281c VL - 29 IS - 12 SP - 4159-4166 SN - 0743-7463 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prediction of angular and mass distribution in meltblown polymer lay-down AU - Sinha-Ray, S. AU - Yarin, A. L. AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. T2 - POLYMER AB - Predictions of the properties of meltblown polymer nonwovens require knowledge of the angular fiber distribution in lay-down, as well as the deposited mass distribution. In the present work these two important characteristics are predicted using our previously developed model describing multiple three-dimensional viscoelastic polymer jets in meltblowing and their deposition onto a moving screen normal to the blowing direction. The results are important for predictions of strength of meltblown nonwovens. DA - 2013/1/24/ PY - 2013/1/24/ DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.11.061 VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 860-872 SN - 0032-3861 KW - Angular and mass distribution KW - Forming microfibers KW - Polymer lay-down ER - TY - JOUR TI - Direct Analysis of Textile Fabrics and Dyes Using Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry AU - Cochran, Kristin H. AU - Barry, Jeremy A. AU - Muddiman, David C. AU - Hinks, David T2 - ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AB - The forensic analysis of textile fibers uses a variety of techniques from microscopy to spectroscopy. One such technique that is often used to identify the dye(s) within the fiber is mass spectrometry (MS). In the traditional MS method, the dye must be extracted from the fabric and the dye components are separated by chromatography prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Direct analysis of the dye from the fabric allows the omission of the lengthy sample preparation involved in extraction, thereby significantly reducing the overall analysis time. Herein, a direct analysis of dyed textile fabric was performed using the infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) source for MS. In MALDESI, an IR laser with wavelength tuned to 2.94 μm is used to desorb the dye from the fabric sample with the aid of water as the matrix. The desorbed dye molecules are then postionized by electrospray ionization (ESI). A variety of dye classes were analyzed from various fabrics with little to no sample preparation allowing for the identification of the dye mass and in some cases the fiber polymer. Those dyes that were not detected using MALDESI were also not observed by direct infusion ESI of the dye standard. DA - 2013/1/15/ PY - 2013/1/15/ DO - 10.1021/ac302519n VL - 85 IS - 2 SP - 831-836 SN - 0003-2700 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Application of Godet's scenario methodology to the Turkish apparel industry AU - Saricam, C. AU - Kalaoglu, F. AU - Polat, S. AU - Cassill, N. L. T2 - Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 7-12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ultrastretchable Fibers with Metallic Conductivity Using a Liquid Metal Alloy Core AU - Zhu, Shu AU - So, Ju-Hee AU - Mays, Robin AU - Desai, Sharvil AU - Barnes, William R. AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Dickey, Michael D. T2 - ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS AB - Abstract The fabrication and characterization of fibers that are ultrastretchable and have metallic electrical conductivity are described. The fibers consist of a liquid metal alloy, eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn), injected into the core of stretchable hollow fibers composed of a triblock copolymer, poly[styrene‐ b ‐(ethylene‐ co ‐butylene)‐ b ‐styrene] (SEBS) resin. The hollow fibers are easy to mass‐produce with controlled size using commercially available melt processing methods. The fibers are similar to conventional metallic wires, but can be stretched orders of magnitude further while retaining electrical conductivity. Mechanical measurements with and without the liquid metal inside the fibers show the liquid core has a negligible impact on the mechanical properties of the fibers, which is in contrast to most conductive composite fibers. The fibers also maintain the same tactile properties with and without the metal. Electrical measurements show that the fibers increase resistance as the fiber elongates and the cross sectional area narrows. Fibers with larger diameters change from a triangular to a more circular cross‐section during stretching, which has the appeal of lowering the resistance below that predicted by theory. To demonstrate their utility, the ultrastretchable fibers are used as stretchable wires for earphones and for a battery charger and perform as well as their conventional parts. DA - 2013/5/13/ PY - 2013/5/13/ DO - 10.1002/adfm.201202405 VL - 23 IS - 18 SP - 2308-2314 SN - 1616-3028 KW - stretchable electronics KW - eutectic gallium indium KW - conductive fibers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structures and properties of SnO2 nanofibers derived from two different polymer intermediates AU - Xia, Xin AU - Li, Shuli AU - Wang, Xin AU - Liu, Junxiong AU - Wei, Qufu AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE DA - 2013/5// PY - 2013/5// DO - 10.1007/s10853-012-7122-7 VL - 48 IS - 9 SP - 3378-3385 SN - 1573-4803 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178341/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterisation and numerical modelling of complex deformation behaviour in thermally bonded nonwovens AU - Farukh, Farukh AU - Demirci, Emrah AU - Sabuncuoglu, Baris AU - Acar, Memis AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Silberschmidt, Vadim V. T2 - COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE AB - A complex time-dependent deformation and damage behaviour in polymer-based nonwovens are analysed under conditions of multi-stage uniaxial loading. Elastic–plastic and viscous properties of a polypropylene-based fabric are obtained by series of tensile, creep and relaxation tests performed on single fibres extracted from the studied fabric. These properties are implemented in a finite-element (FE) model of nonwoven with direct introduction of fibres according to their actual orientation distribution in order to simulate the rate-dependent deformation up to the onset of damage in thermally bonded nonwovens. The predictions of FE simulations are compared with the experimental data of multi-stage deformation tensile tests and a good agreement is obtained including the mechanisms of deformation. Due to direct modelling of fibres based on their actual orientation distribution and implementation of viscous properties, the model could be extended to other types of polymer-based random fibrous networks. DA - 2013/4// PY - 2013/4// DO - 10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.01.007 VL - 71 SP - 165-171 SN - 1879-0801 KW - Nonwoven KW - Polypropylene KW - Viscous KW - Finite element KW - Damage ER - TY - JOUR TI - Atmospheric plasma application to improve adhesion of electrospun nanofibers onto protective fabric AU - Vitchuli, Narendiran AU - Shi, Quan AU - Nowak, Joshua AU - Nawalakhe, Rupesh AU - Sieber, Michael AU - Bourham, Mohamed AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - McCord, Marian T2 - JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - Nylon 6 electrospun nanofibers were deposited on plasma-pretreated woven fabric substrates with the objective of improving adhesion between them. The prepared samples were evaluated for adhesion strength and durability of nanofiber mats by carrying out peel strength, flex resistance, and abrasion resistance tests. The test results showed significant improvement in the adhesion of nanofiber mats on woven fabric substrates due to atmospheric plasma pretreatment. The samples also exhibited good flex and abrasion resistance characteristics. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle analyses indicate that plasma pretreatment introduces radicals, increases the oxygen content on the substrate surface, and leads to formation of active chemical sites that may be responsible for enhanced cross-linking between the substrate fabric and the electrospun nanofibers, which in turn increases the adhesion properties. The work demonstrates that the plasma treatment of the substrate fabric prior to deposition of electrospun nanofiber mats is a promising method to prepare durable functional materials. DA - 2013/4/1/ PY - 2013/4/1/ DO - 10.1080/01694243.2012.727164 VL - 27 IS - 8 SP - 924-938 SN - 0169-4243 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178346/ KW - adhesion KW - atmospheric pressure plasma KW - cross-linking KW - dielectric barrier discharge KW - electrospinning KW - water contact angle ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antibacterial activity of photocatalytic electrospun titania nanofiber mats and solution-blown soy protein nanofiber mats decorated with silver nanoparticles AU - Zhang, Yiyun AU - Lee, Min Wook AU - An, Seongpil AU - Sinha-Ray, Suman AU - Khansari, Shahrzad AU - Joshi, Bhavana AU - Hong, Seungkwan AU - Hong, Joo-Hyun AU - Kim, Jae-Jin AU - Pourdeyhimi, B. AU - Yoon, Sam S. AU - Yarin, Alexander L. T2 - CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS AB - Highly porous photocatalytic titania nanoparticle decorated nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning nylon 6 nanofibers onto flexible substrates and electrospraying TiO2 nanoparticles onto them. Film morphology and crystalline phase were measured by SEM and XRD. The titania films showed excellent photokilling capabilities against E. coli colonies and photodegradation of methylene blue under moderately weak UV exposure (≤ 0.6 mW/cm2 on a 15-cm illumination distance). In addition, solution blowing was used to form soy protein-containing nanofibers which were decorated with silver nanoparticles. These nanofibers demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against E. coli colonies without exposure to UV light. The nano-textured materials developed in this work can find economically viable applications in water purification technology and in biotechnology. The two methods of nanofiber production employed in this work differ in their rate with electrospinning being much slower than the solution blowing. The electrospun nanofiber mats are denser than the solution-blown ones due to a smaller inter-fiber pore size. The antibacterial activity of the two materials produced (electrospun titania nanoparticle decorated nanofibers and silver-nanoparticle-decorated solution-blown nanofibers) are complimentary, as the materials can be effective with and without UV light, respectively. DA - 2013/4/5/ PY - 2013/4/5/ DO - 10.1016/j.catcom.2013.01.002 VL - 34 SP - 35-40 SN - 1873-3905 KW - Antibacterial KW - Electrospinning KW - Titania KW - Soy protein KW - Solution blowing KW - Silver nanoparticles ER - TY - JOUR TI - Supersonic nanoblowing: a new ultra-stiff phase of nylon 6 in 20-50 nm confinement AU - Sinha-Ray, Suman AU - Lee, Min Wook AU - Sinha-Ray, Sumit AU - An, Seongpil AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Yoon, Sam S. AU - Yarin, Alexander L. T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C AB - The 20–50 nm nanofibers hold great promise as functional fabrics, biomedical materials, filters, fuel cell membranes, ultra-speed fiber optics, electronics and sensorics. In our novel process of supersonic solution blowing of nylon-6, 20–50 nm nanofibers are obtained. Here we found a new phase of nylon-6, which differs from the known α-, β-, γ-, δ- and λ-phases, presenting itself as a novel χ-phase. It is characterized by the decrease of CH2 stretching, a shift of –NH stretching, a different type of hydrogen bond and a ten-fold increase in Young's modulus compared to those of post-processed macroscopic nylon fibers. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1039/c3tc30248b VL - 1 IS - 21 SP - 3491-3498 SN - 2050-7534 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polyvinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene nanofiber-coated polypropylene microporous battery separator membranes AU - Lee, Hun AU - Alcoutlabi, Mataz AU - Watson, Jill V. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS AB - Abstract Nanofiber‐coated polypropylene (PP) separator membranes were prepared by coating a Celgard® microporous PP membrane with electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride‐ co ‐chlorotrifluoroethylene (PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE) and PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE/polyvinylidene fluoride‐ co ‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐ co ‐HFP) nanofibers. Three PVDF polymer solutions of varying compositions were used in the preparation of the nanofiber coatings. Two of the polymer solutions were PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE blends made using different types of PVDF‐ co ‐HFP copolymers. The PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE and PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE/PVDF‐ co ‐HFP blend nanofiber coatings have been found to have comparable adhesion to the PP microporous membrane substrate. The electrolyte uptakes and separator–electrode adhesion properties of nanofiber‐coated membranes were evaluated. Both the electrolyte uptake and the separator–electrode adhesion were improved by the nanofiber coatings. The improvement in electrolyte update capacity is not only related to the gelation capability of the PVDF copolymer nanofibers, but also attributed to the increased porosity and capillary effect on nanofibrous structure of the electrospun nanofiber coatings. Enhancement of the separator–electrode adhesion was owing to the adhesion properties of the copolymer nanofiber coatings. Compared with the PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE/PVDF‐ co ‐HFP blend nanofiber coatings studied, the PVDF‐ co ‐CTFE coating was more effective in improving the electrolyte uptake and separator–electrode adhesion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013 DA - 2013/3/1/ PY - 2013/3/1/ DO - 10.1002/polb.23216 VL - 51 IS - 5 SP - 349-357 SN - 0887-6266 UR - https://publons.com/publon/26924690/ KW - Adhesion KW - Coatings KW - Electrospinning KW - Lithium-ion batteries KW - Nanofibers KW - PVDF-co-CTFE KW - PVDF-co-HFP KW - Separators ER - TY - JOUR TI - Novel atmospheric plasma enhanced chitosan nanofiber/gauze composite wound dressings AU - Nawalakhe, Rupesh AU - Shi, Quan AU - Vitchuli, Narendiran AU - Noar, Jesse AU - Caldwell, Jane M. AU - Breidt, Frederick AU - Bourham, Mohamed A. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu AU - McCord, Marian G. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE AB - Abstract Electrospun chitosan nanofibers were deposited onto atmospheric plasma treated cotton gauze to create a novel composite bandage with higher adhesion, better handling properties, enhanced bioactivity, and moisture management. Plasma treatment of the gauze substrate was performed to improve the durability of the nanofiber/gauze interface. The chitosan nanofibers were electrospun at 3–7% concentration in trifluoroacetic acid. The composite bandages were analyzed using peel, gelbo flex, antimicrobial assay, moisture vapor transmission rate, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), absorbency, and air permeability tests. The peel test showed that plasma treatment of the substrate increased the adhesion between nanofiber layers and gauze substrate by up to four times. Atmospheric plasma pretreatment of the gauze fabric prior to electrospinning significantly reduced degradation of the nanofiber layer due to repetitive flexing. The chitosan nanofiber layer contributes significantly to the antimicrobial properties of the bandage. Air permeability and moisture vapor transport were reduced due to the presence of a nanofiber layer upon the substrate. XPS of the plasma treated cotton substrate showed formation of active sites on the surface, decrease in carbon content, and increase in oxygen content as compared to the untreated gauze. Deposition of chitosan nanofibers also increased the absorbency of gauze substrate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 DA - 2013/7/15/ PY - 2013/7/15/ DO - 10.1002/app.38804 VL - 129 IS - 2 SP - 916-923 SN - 1097-4628 UR - https://publons.com/publon/274769/ KW - biomedical applications KW - biopolymers and renewable polymers KW - nanostructured polymers KW - composites ER - TY - JOUR TI - Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Screening of Novel Porphyrin Derivatives AU - Fadda, Ahmed A. AU - El-Mekawy, Rasha E. AU - El-Shafei, Ahmed AU - Freeman, Harold S. AU - Hinks, David AU - El-Fedawy, Andmanal T2 - JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AB - A series of porphyrin derivatives 2a–f was synthesized, namely, 5,10,15,20-mesotetrakis[p-methoxyphenyl]-21H,23H-porphyrin (2a), 5,10,15,20-mesotetrakis[2,6-dichloro-phenyl]-21H,23H-porphyrin (2b), 5,10,15,20-mesotetrakis[4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-21H,23H-porphyrin (2c), 5,10,15,20-mesotetrakis[3,4-dimethoxyphenyl]-21H,23H-porphyrin (2d), 5,10,15,20-mesotetrakis[2,4-dichlorophenyl]-21H,23H-porphyrin (2e), and 5,10,15,20-mesotetrakis[3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl]-21H,23H-porphyrin (2f), in high yields using a new method via a capping mechanism. These dyes were used as a model to study the free radical-induced damage of biological membranes and the protective effects of these porphyrins. It was demonstrated that these dyes were effective in the inhibition of the free radical-induced oxidative haemolysis of rat blood cells. Dyes 2d and 2f which bear methoxy functionality exhibited markedly higher antihaemolysis activity than the other analogs. Molecular modeling methods using ZINDO/INDO-1, with a configuration interaction of 26, and TD-DFT using the energy functional B3LYP and the basis set DGTZVP were used to study the vertical electronic excitations of porphyrins 2a–f and it was shown that the calculated using TD-DFT method was in excellent agreement with the experimental results, while the ZINDO method was inferior. Moreover, excellent correlation between the LUMO energy and cytotoxicity of dyes 2a–f was found. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013/// DO - 10.1155/2013/340230 VL - 2013 SP - SN - 2090-9071 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Structure control and performance improvement of carbon nanofibers containing a dispersion of silicon nanoparticles for energy storage AU - Li, Ying AU - Guo, Bingkun AU - Ji, Liwen AU - Lin, Zhan AU - Xu, Guanjie AU - Liang, Yinzheng AU - Zhang, Shu AU - Toprakci, Ozan AU - Hu, Yi AU - Alcoutlabi, Mataz AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - CARBON AB - Si/C composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and carbonization using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the spinning medium and carbon precursor. The nanofibers were used as lithium-ion battery anodes to combine the advantages of carbon (long cycle life) and silicon (high storage capacity) materials. The effects of Si particle size, Si content, and carbonization temperature on the structure and electrochemical performance of the anodes were investigated. Results show that anodes made from a 15 wt.% Si/PAN precursor with a Si particle size of 30–50 nm and carbonization temperature of 800 °C exhibit the best performance in terms of high capacity and stable cycling behavior. It is demonstrated that with careful structure control, Si/C composite nanofiber anodes are a promising material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. DA - 2013/1// PY - 2013/1// DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.08.027 VL - 51 SP - 185-194 SN - 1873-3891 UR - https://publons.com/publon/674384/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preparation and properties of nanofiber-coated composite membranes as battery separators via electrospinning AU - Alcoutlabi, Mataz AU - Lee, Hun AU - Watson, Jill V. AU - Zhang, Xiangwu T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE DA - 2013/3// PY - 2013/3// DO - 10.1007/s10853-012-7064-0 VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 2690-2700 SN - 1573-4803 UR - https://publons.com/publon/7178345/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meso-scale deformation and damage in thermally bonded nonwovens AU - Farukh, Farukh AU - Demirci, Emrah AU - Acar, Memis AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Silberschmidt, Vadim V. T2 - JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AB - Thermal bonding is the fastest and the cheapest technique for manufacturing nonwovens. Understanding mechanical behaviour of these materials, especially related to damage, can aid in design of products containing nonwoven parts. A finite element (FE) model incorporating mechanical properties related to damage such as maximum stress and strain at failure of fabric’s fibres would be a powerful design and optimisation tool. In this study, polypropylene-based thermally bonded nonwovens manufactured at optimal processing conditions were used as a model system. A damage behaviour of the nonwoven fabric is governed by its single-fibre properties, which are obtained by conducting tensile tests over a wide range of strain rates. The fibres for the tests were extracted from the nonwoven fabric in a way that a single bond point was attached at both ends of each fibre. Additionally, similar tests were performed on unprocessed fibres, which form the nonwoven. Those experiments not only provided insight into damage mechanisms of fibres in thermally bonded nonwovens but also demonstrated a significant drop in magnitudes of failure stress and respective strain in fibres due to the bonding process. A novel technique was introduced in this study to develop damage criteria based on the deformation and fracture behaviour of a single fibre in a thermally bonded nonwoven fabric. The damage behaviour of a fibrous network within the thermally bonded fabric was simulated with a FE model consisting of a number of fibres attached to two neighbouring bond points. Additionally, various arrangements of fibres’ orientation and material properties were implemented in the model to analyse the respective effects. DA - 2013/3// PY - 2013/3// DO - 10.1007/s10853-012-7013-y VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 2334-2345 SN - 1573-4803 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fabrication of nanofiber meltblown membranes and their filtration properties AU - Hassan, Mohammad Abouelreesh AU - Yeom, Bong Yeol AU - Wilkie, Arnold AU - Pourdeyhimi, Behnam AU - Khan, Saad. A. T2 - JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE AB - Meltblowing is a unique one-step process for producing self-bonded fibrous nonwoven membranes directly from polymer resins, with average fiber diameter ranging between 1 and 2 μm. Determining routes for making nano- or submicron-fibers using this process are desirable since there are many manufacturing assets that are already in place. It is envisaged that these nonwoven membranes will find applications in critical areas such as medical, hygiene, filtration, bioseparation, and others. In this study, we investigate the influence of different die configurations and operating conditions on fiber and web characteristics. We also report on strategies for reducing the fiber size below one micron to achieve higher filtration quality at lower basis weight relative to the conventional meltblown webs. Their performance is compared to a control meltblown sample produced by using a typical die design. We find that production of nano-meltblown membranes with an average fiber size in the range of 300–500 nm using this new die design is possible and report on process operating conditions that result in such structures. These samples achieve equal filtration efficiencies to that of our control sample at 88% reduced basis weight but at a lower polymer throughput. The lower basis weight also resulted in a lower pressure drop and overall, the new samples exhibited a higher quality factor, twice that of the control. These results show significant promise for the use of nano-meltblown fibers in filtration applications. DA - 2013/1// PY - 2013/1// DO - 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.09.050 VL - 427 SP - 336-344 SN - 1873-3123 KW - Nanofibers KW - Meltbowing KW - Filtration KW - Nonwoven membranes KW - HEPA filters ER -