TY - CHAP TI - Coastal Barrier Resources Act: Report to Congress AU - Watzin, M.C. AU - McGilvrey, F.B. T2 - Barrier islands: process and management A2 - Stauble, D.K. PY - 1989/// SP - 208–222 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Proposed Migratory Bird Watch to encompass research, monitoring, and interpretation AU - Simons, T.R. T2 - Park Science DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A seabird in the house of the sun AU - Simons, T.R. AU - Whittow, C.W. T2 - Natural History DA - 1989/3// PY - 1989/3// SP - 50–53 ER - TY - THES TI - Bird communities of Lower Dachigam Valley, Kashmir AU - Katti, M.V. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// SP - 58 M3 - Masters thesis PB - Saurashtra University ER - TY - CONF TI - Relating Yellow Poplar peeler log values to manufactured veneer shadow prices AU - Roise, J.P. AU - Van Sant, R. T2 - Society of American Foresters National Convention C2 - 1989/9/24/ C3 - Proceedings of Forestry Microcomputer Software Symposium CY - Spokane, WA DA - 1989/9/24/ PY - 1989/9/24/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reestablishment of the Perdido Key Beach Mouse (Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis) on Gulf Islands National Seashore AU - Holier, N. R. AU - Mason, D. W. AU - Dawson, R. M. AU - Simons, T. AU - Wooten, M.C. T2 - Conservation Biology AB - Abstract: In April 1986, the endangered Perdido Key beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis) existed only as a small population of less than 30 animals on the western end of Perdido Key at Gulf State Park, Alabama This population was vulnerable to extinction from a variety of causes. Fifteen pairs of mice from Alabama were moved approximately 20 km on the same island to Gulf Islands National Seashore Florida between November 1986 and April 1988. The Alabama population was surveyed by live‐trapping before each removal and showed a large increase during this study. Eleven pairs of mice were released into enclosures to stimulate burrowing and reduce dispersal at the release site. The last four pairs w e released unrestricted into the dune habitat Trapping in July 1988 revealed that virtually all available dune habitat (11,000 linear m; approximately 160 ha) had been occupied by the mice. Fifty‐five individuals were captured including four of the released mice. Exchanges between the populations are recommended to prevent loss of genetic diversity. Future research should investigate demographics, dispersal pattern, and the application of DNA fingerprinting techniques to determine rates of gene flow in the population. The Perdido Key beach mouse provides an excellent model for studying the effects of a population bottleneck on genetic diversity and testing the predictions of population viability analysis. DA - 1989/12// PY - 1989/12// DO - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.1989.tb00245.x VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 397-404 LA - en OP - SN - 0888-8892 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1989.tb00245.x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Opportunity cost of Red Cockaded Woodpecker Habitat AU - Lancia, R. AU - Roise, J.P. AU - Adams, D. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 81–85 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Above-ground production and N and P use by Larix-occidentalis and Pinus-contorta in the Washington Cascades, USA AU - Gower, S. T. AU - Grier, C. C. AU - Vogt, K. A. T2 - Tree Physiology AB - Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and N and P use patterns were determined for western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), a deciduous conifer, and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.), an evergreen conifer, in the Cascade Mountains of Washington, USA. Western larch and lodgepole pine retranslocated 87 and 66% of foliage N and 66 and 78% of foliage P, respectively. At the stand level, N use efficiency of western larch was greater than that of lodgepole pine, whereas P use efficiency of lodgepole pine was greater than that of western larch. Western larch and lodgepole pine were comparable in ANPP and production efficiency (ANPP/foliage mass) if needle longevity is considered. The similarity in ANPP of the evergreen lodgepole pine and the deciduous western larch may be related in part to the lower initial construction cost of the foliage, and the efficient use of nitrogen by western larch. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1093/treephys/5.1.1 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 1-11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ABOVE-GROUND ORGANIC-MATTER AND PRODUCTION OF A MONTANE FOREST ON THE EASTERN SLOPES OF THE WASHINGTON CASCADE RANGE AU - GOWER, ST AU - GRIER, CC T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE AB - Aboveground biomass and production were determined for a 70-year-old mixed conifer forest of western larch (Larixoccidentalis Nutt.), lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) on the eastern slopes of the Cascade Range in Washington state. Live aboveground biomass, projected leaf area, and aboveground net primary production for the mixed conifer forest were 194 Mg•ha −1 , 4.2 m −2 •m −2 , and 6.1 Mg•ha −1 •year −1 , respectively. Based on the few studies of montane forests on the eastern slope of the Cascades, aboveground biomass, leaf area index, and aboveground net primary production of these forests are more similar to those of montane coniferous forests in the Rocky Mountains than to those of similar forests located on the western slopes of the Cascades. DA - 1989/4// PY - 1989/4// DO - 10.1139/x89-079 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 515-518 SN - 0045-5067 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT AMENDMENTS ON FINE ROOT BIOMASS IN A PRIMARY SUCCESSIONAL FOREST IN HAWAII AU - GOWER, ST AU - VITOUSEK, PM T2 - OECOLOGIA DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1007/bf00378970 VL - 81 IS - 4 SP - 566-568 SN - 1432-1939 ER - TY - JOUR TI - OBSERVER PERFORMANCE IN KNOWN AND BLIND RADIO-TELEMETRY ACCURACY TESTS AU - MILLS, LS AU - KNOWLTON, FF T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT DA - 1989/4// PY - 1989/4// DO - 10.2307/3801134 VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 340-342 SN - 0022-541X ER - TY - JOUR TI - An evaluation of shelters used in bobwhite management AU - Boyer, D. A. AU - Guthrey, F. S. AU - Brown, R. D. T2 - Wildlife Society Bulletin DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 17 SP - 264-268 ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE EFFECT OF YOHIMBINE ON PLASMA-LEVELS OF T3, T4 AND CORTISOL IN XYLAZINE-IMMOBILIZED WHITE-TAILED DEER AU - BUBENIK, GA AU - BROWN, RD T2 - COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY AB - 1. The effect of yohimbine (Y) on blood levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and cortisol was investigated in 5 mature male white-tailed deer immobilized with xylazine hydrochloride (X). 2. T4 levels were erratic in X-treated deer, but stabilized in the X- and Y-treated deer. 3. T3 remained unchanged in both groups. 4. Cortisol levels have increased in X-treated deer, but declined in X- and Y-treated deer. 5. Yohimbine is a potent and safe antidote of X not affecting T3 and T4. Caution should be used in using R or Y in cortisol studies. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1016/0742-8413(89)90060-1 VL - 92 IS - 2 SP - 315-318 SN - 0742-8413 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SEASONAL LEVELS OF CORTISOL, TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND THYROXINE IN MALE AXIS DEER AU - BUBENIK, GA AU - BROWN, RD T2 - COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY AB - 1. Seasonal plasma levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and cortisol were investigated between November and June in seven penned male Axis deer. 2. No distinct seasonal variation of cortisol has been detected. The levels oscillated between 1 and 5 micrograms/dl. 3. The stress of immobilization and sampling had little effect on cortisol levels. Concentrations remained mostly stable in three consecutive samples taken 10 min apart. 4. T3 concentrations were stable between November and March (average values 110-120 ng/dl). After a sharp decline in April (average 70 ng/dl), a strong rebound in May and June was observed. 5. A distinct seasonal peak of T4 (highest individual value, 12.1 micrograms/dl) was detected in March. After a sharp decline in April (lowest individual value, 4.5 micrograms/dl) a strong rebound followed in May. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1016/0300-9629(89)90356-3 VL - 92 IS - 4 SP - 499-503 SN - 0300-9629 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vivo and in vitro digestibilities for collared peccaries AU - Strey, O. AU - Brown, R. D. T2 - Journal of Wildlife Management DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.2307/3809183 VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 607-612 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating digestibilities for white-tailed deer in South Texas AU - Strey, O. AU - Brown, R. D. T2 - Texas Journal of Science DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 215-222 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What is energy? AU - Brown, R. D. T2 - News roundup (North American Deer Farmers Association) DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - TRICHODERMA SPP - GROWTH-RATES AND ANTAGONISM TO PHELLINUS-WEIRII INVITRO AU - GOLDFARB, B AU - NELSON, EE AU - HANSEN, EM T2 - MYCOLOGIA AB - Seventy isolates representing six species of Trichoderma were tested for linear growth rates at five temperatures (5–25 C). Growth rate varied substantially within and among species. Multivariate procedures were used to distinguish species on the basis of their growth rates. The ability of nine isolates to kill Phellinus weirii was tested in vitro at 10 and 20 C. Isolates of T. viride, T. polysporum, and T. harzianum were more antagonistic to P. weirii than were isolates of the other three species. The T. harzianum isolate killed P. weirii fastest at 20 C, whereas the T. viride and T. polysporum isolates acted most rapidly at 10C. Techniques used here to assay antagonism can be extended to test more isolates, both in vitro and in the field. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.2307/3760075 VL - 81 IS - 3 SP - 375-381 SN - 0027-5514 ER - TY - JOUR TI - TRICHODERMA SPECIES FROM DOUGLAS-FIR STUMPS AND ROOTS INFESTED WITH PHELLINUS-WEIRII IN THE WESTERN CASCADE MOUNTAINS OF OREGON AU - GOLDFARB, B AU - NELSON, EE AU - HANSEN, EM T2 - MYCOLOGIA AB - Six species of Trichoderma were isolated from Douglas-fir stumps and roots infested with Phellinus weirii. Trichoderma viride and T. polysporum were the most common species. Trichoderma spp. were isolated more frequently from stem portions of stumps harvested 11 years earlier than from those harvested one year earlier. Colonization by these and other fungi was less extensive in roots than in stems. Although the overall frequency of isolation of Trichoderma spp. was low (70 of 5970 isolations), their greater association with wood decayed by P. weirii, as compared with undecayed wood, may have implications in the control of laminated root rot. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.2307/3759458 VL - 81 IS - 1 SP - 134-138 SN - 0027-5514 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Zaerr, J. B. T2 - Trees II (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 5) AB - The genus Pseudotsuga (Pinaceae) consists of eight species (El-Kassaby et al. 1983). Six species occur naturally in eastern Asia in non-overlapping ranges. Pseudotsuga japonica (Shiras.) Beissn. occurs in Japan and P. wilsoniana Hayata in Taiwan. Pseudotsuga forrestii Craib., P. sinensis Dode, P. gaussenii Flous and P. brevifolia Chang et L. K. Fu. are located in China. There are two North American species: P. macrocarpa (Torr.) Mayr, with a limited range in Southern California, and P. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir), which occurs throughout western North America (Fowells 1965). The latter has two varieties: the coastal P. menziesii var. menziesii and the interior P. menziesii var. glauca. PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-61535-1_28 SP - 526-548 PB - Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag SN - 0387191585 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Annual progress reports, special project on tissue culture AU - Amerson, H. V. AU - Frampton, L. J., Jr. AU - Mott, R. L. A3 - Raleigh, NC: Forest Biology Research Center, North Carolina State University DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// PB - Raleigh, NC: Forest Biology Research Center, North Carolina State University ER - TY - CONF TI - Site preparation, weed control and herbicide use in fast-growing hardwood plantations AU - Abrahamson, L. P. AU - Robison, D. J. AU - White, E. H. C2 - 1989/// C3 - Proceedings of the conference: Forestry Herbicides in the NE DA - 1989/// SP - 73-81 PB - New Brunswick, NJ: New Jersey Division Society of American Foresters, Rutgers Cooperative Extension, Cook College, and U.S. Forest Service ER - TY - JOUR TI - SUBSOILING IN A LOBLOLLY-PINE SEED ORCHARD - EFFECTS ON SEED QUALITY AU - STRUVE, DK AU - JETT, JB AU - MCKEAND, SE AU - CANNON, GP T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE AB - An 8-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seed orchard was subsoiled by making one (single-rip treatment) or three (multiple-rip treatment) parallel rips on opposite sides of the trees. A nonsubsoil (control) treatment was also included. Seeds were extracted and sized into small, medium, and large. Subsoiling treatments had no effect on number or percentage of small, medium, and large seeds. The multiple-rip treatment produced significantly more seeds per cone than the control treatment, but no more than the single-rip treatment. Seed size did not affect seed germination, but strong clonal effects in seed quality and vigor occurred. There was no effect of any of the subsoiling treatments on seed germination. Any subsoiling treatments used to enhance tree vigor or to alleviate soil compaction in a seed orchard should have minimal influence on seed quality. DA - 1989/4// PY - 1989/4// DO - 10.1139/x89-077 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 505-508 SN - 0045-5067 ER - TY - CONF TI - Early selection of loblolly pine families based on seedling shoot elongation characters AU - Li, B. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Allen, H. L. C2 - 1989/// C3 - Proceedings of the 20th Southern Forest Tree Improvement Conference DA - 1989/// SP - 228-234 ER - TY - CONF TI - Throughfall and stemflow measurements at Mt. Mitchell, N.C. during the summer of 1986 AU - Robarge, W. P. AU - Bruck, R. I. AU - Cowling, E. B. C2 - 1989/// C3 - Proceedings of the U.S.-F.R.G. Symposium on Forest Decline (Technical publication #120) DA - 1989/// SP - 111-117 PB - USDA Forest Service ER - TY - CONF TI - Observations of forest decline in the boreal montane ecosystems of Mt. Mitchell, N.C. AU - Bruck, R. I. AU - Bradow, R. AU - Brockhaus, J. AU - Cure, B. AU - Khorram, S. AU - McDaniel, A. AU - Modena, S. AU - Robarge, W. AU - Smithson, P. C2 - 1989/// C3 - Proceedings of the U.S.-F.R.G. Symposium on Forest Decline, Burlington, VT, Oct. 19-24, 1987 (USDA Forest Service Technical publication #120) DA - 1989/// SP - 97-107 PB - USDA Forest Service ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of field plot location errors within TM data on forest decline model development AU - Campbell, M. V. AU - Brockhaus, J. A. AU - Bruck, R. I. AU - Khorram, S. T2 - Proceedings of the American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 41 SP - 430-437 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multi-temporal modeling of forest decline from Landsat TM digital data AU - Khorram, S. AU - Brockhaus, J. A. AU - Bruck, R. I. AU - Campbell, M. V. T2 - Proceedings of the International Society of Remote Sensing DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 37 SP - 771-779 ER - TY - JOUR TI - FARMERS PRODUCTION OF TIMBER TREES IN THE CACAO-COFFEE REGION OF COASTAL ECUADOR AU - MUSSAK, MF AU - LAARMAN, JG T2 - AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1007/BF00168260 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 155-170 SN - 0167-4366 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of forest decline in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. AU - Brockhaus, J. A. AU - Campbell, M. V. AU - Bruck, R. I. AU - Khorram, S. T2 - Proceedings of the American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 41 SP - 419-429 ER - TY - JOUR TI - WOOD ANATOMY OF ELM (ULMUS) AND HACKBERRY (CELTIS) SPECIES NATIVE TO THE UNITED-STATES AU - WHEELER, EA AU - LAPASHA, CA AU - MILLER, RB T2 - IAWA BULLETIN AB - Wood anatomy of Ulmus and Celtis species (Ulmaceae) native to the United States is described. Ulmus differs from ring-porous species of Celtis in ray structure, crystallocation, and colour and fluorescence of water extracts. The soft elms/non-winged bark species ( Ulmus americana and Ulmus rubra ) differ from the hard elms/winged bark species ( U. alata, U. crassifolia, U. serotina , and U. thomasii ) in density, earlywood pore diameter, and appearance of crystal-containing axial parenchyma. Some species of hard elm can be distinguished from one another by a combination of characters: water extract colour and fluorescence, earlywood pore diameter and spacing. The anatomy of ring-porous species of Celtis is unifonn, except that in C. reticulata earlywood pores have a smaller radial diameter than the other species. Celtis pallida is diffuse-porous and resembles other diffuse-porous species of the genus. Vessel element lengths are similar for all species within these two genera regardless of habitat. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1163/22941932-90001106 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 5-26 SN - 0254-3915 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The influence of container dimensions on the growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. seedlings and rooted cuttings AU - Cunningham, M. W. AU - Geary, T. F. T2 - Commonwealth Forestry Review. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 45 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stability of loblolly pine families in the Southeastern U.S AU - Li, B. AU - McKeand, S. E. T2 - Silvae Genetica DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 38 IS - 3-4 SP - 96-101 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent changes in chemical climate and related effects on forests in North America and Europe AU - Cowling, E. B. T2 - Ambio DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 167 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Performance of diverse provenances of loblolly pine throughout the southeastern United States AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Weir, R. J. AU - Hatcher, A. V. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - FINANCIAL SENSITIVITY OF ALTERNATIVE FORESTATION INCENTIVES IN ECUADOR AU - MCCORMICK, CJ AU - LAARMAN, JG T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - Financial net present value (NPV) was computed for three lowland and three highland plantation species in Ecuador. The estimates of NPV were subjected to systematic sensitivity tests for each of four elements in the plantation cash flow: land costs; establishment costs; management costs; and harvest income. Sensitivity was measured in terms of NPV elasticities over two regions, six species, two site qualities, and three discount rates. The results indicated large variability in the elasticities from one case to another. This illustrates the difficulty of identifying a single form of plantation subsidy that will be universally effective. DA - 1989/5// PY - 1989/5// DO - 10.1016/0378-1127(89)90036-4 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 149-158 SN - 1872-7042 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tropical science and tourism. The case of OTS in Costa Rica AU - Laarman, J. G. AU - Perdue, R. R. T2 - Tourism Management AB - Expenditure in support of tropical science may have a measurable impact on the tourist sectors of certain small economies. This hypothesis is tested through estimation of spending attributable to the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS), with field stations in Costa Rica. Although containing wide margins of uncertainty, a simple expenditure model suggests that OTS accounts for perhaps 2–3% of Costa Rica's national tourist receipts. Important qualitative dimensions of OTS expenditure are rapid growth, sustainable activity, and relatively small economic leakages. Indirectly, OTS generates additional tourism exports by laying a technical-scientific base for management of Costa Rica's national parks and other wildlands. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1016/0261-5177(89)90032-0 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 29 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SELECTIVE-INHIBITION OF CYTOCHROME-P450 ISOZYMES BY THE HERBICIDE SYNERGIST TRIDIPHANE AU - MORELAND, DE AU - NOVITZKY, WP AU - LEVI, PE T2 - PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY AB - Tridiphane [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)oxirane] cross-reacts as a synergist to both herbicides and insecticides. As reported herein, tridiphane inhibited the monooxygenase activity of one or more mouse hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes. With hepatic microsomes isolated from mice pretreated with phenobarbitol (PB) as well as with purified P450 enzymes, tridiphane efficiently inhibited demethylase and deethylase activities catalyzed by PB-induced P450 enzymes, i.e., I50 values of approximately 4.0 μM. However, tridiphane was a weak inhibitor of enzyme activities catalyzed by hepatic microsomes isolated from 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-pretreated mice. Type I binding spectra were obtained with hepatic microsomes isolated from uninduced mice (Ks = 12.6 μM) and PB-induced mice (Ks = 1.0 μM), and with a purified enzyme isolated from PB-induced mice (Ks = 0.12 μM). However, tridiphane did not form difference spectra with microsomes isolated from 3-MC-treated mice or with a purified P450 enzyme isolated from 3-MC-treated mice. Inhibition of p-nitroanisole O-demethylase suggested that tridiphane acted as a competitive inhibitor of enzyme activity and produced a Km of 440 μM with a Ki between 0.72 and 1.04 μM. DA - 1989/9// PY - 1989/9// DO - 10.1016/0048-3575(89)90101-6 VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 42-49 SN - 0048-3575 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SCIENCE TOURISM IN COSTA-RICA AU - LAARMAN, JG AU - PERDUE, RR T2 - ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH AB - Natural history is an important special interest sector of Costa Rica's small tourism industry. International visitors who travel to Costa Rica for natural history include a substantial number of tropical biologists from the USA. Many are students, researchers, and professors who undertake training and research in Costa Rica under the auspices of the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS). A survey of OTS participants and associates determined a high incidence of return visitation to Costa Rica, mainly for professional reasons. Return visitation appears related to some measure of professional seniority combined with freedom to travel. Individuals in OTS claim to influence many other persons to visit Costa Rica. The results suggest that science tourism, regarded as a subcomponent of nature tourism, merits serious attention in certain small countries like Costa Rica. Le tourisme scientifique au Costa Rica. L'histoire naturelle est un secteur important des vacances à thème pour la petite industrie touristique du Costa Rica. Parmi les visiteurs internationaux qui voyagent au Costa Rica pour l'histoire naturelle sont un nombre considérable de biologistes tropicaux des Etats-Unis. Beaucoup d'entre eux sont des étudiants, des chercheurs et des professeurs qui entreprennent un stage ou des recherches au Costa Rica sous les auspices de l'Organization for Tropical Studies (Organisation pour les Etudes Tropicales) ou OTS. Une enquête parmi les participants et les associés de l'OTS a établi une fréquence élevée de visites postérieures au Costa Rica, principalement pour des raisons professionnelles. Les visites postérieures semblent avoir rapport à une certaine mesure d'ancienneté professionnelle et à la liberté de voyager. Les particuliers dans l'OTS declarent avoir influencé beaucoup d'autres personnes à visiter le Costa Rica. Les résultats suggèrent que le tourisme scientifique, qu'on considère comme un élément du tourisme de la nature, mérite une attention sérieuse dans certains petits pays tels que le Costa Rica. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1016/0160-7383(89)90068-6 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 205-215 SN - 0160-7383 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Opportunity costs of a red-cockaded woodpecker foraging habitat AU - Lancia, R. A. AU - Roise, J. P. AU - Adams, D. A. AU - Lennartz, M. R. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 81 ER - TY - JOUR TI - International travel by US conservation groups and professional societies AU - Laarman, J. G. AU - Stewart, T. P. AU - Prestemon, J. P. T2 - Journal of Travel Research AB - The U.S. conservation organizations, together with the U.S. scientific and professional societies most closely allied to natural resources, are termed the “conservation sector.” This sector was surveyed to determine the volumes, destinations, objectives, and decisionmaking criteria for international travel. The resulting profile indicates a small, high-cost, and immature market segment driven mainly by the desire to provide educational and professional experiences. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1177/004728758902800103 VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Employment and resource efficiency in forest products industries of Ecuador AU - Laarman, J. G. AU - Prestemon, J. P. T2 - Working Paper (Forestry Private Enterprise Initiative) DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// IS - 40 SP - 13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of a forestation credit program in Ecuador: A rationale for modification and agroforestry application AU - Lampman, S. E. T2 - Working Paper (Forestry Private Enterprise Initiative) DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// IS - 42 SP - 97 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial and temporal variability of foliar nutrient levels in Fraser fir Christmas trees AU - Hockman, J. N. AU - Burger, J. A. AU - Smith, D. W. T2 - Forest Science DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 632 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nursery rooting of cuttings from seedlings of slash and loblolly pine AU - Frampton, L. J., Jr. AU - Hodges, J. F. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 127 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MODELING NUTRIENT FLUX AND INTERSPECIES ROOT COMPETITION IN AGROFORESTRY INTERPLANTINGS AU - GILLESPIE, AR T2 - AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1007/BF00129653 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 257-265 SN - 0167-4366 ER - TY - JOUR TI - JUVENILE WOOD SPECIFIC-GRAVITY OF LOBLOLLY-PINE TISSUE-CULTURE PLANTLETS AND SEEDLINGS AU - FRAMPTON, LJ AU - JETT, JB T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE AB - Juvenile-wood specific gravity of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) tissue culture plantlets and seedlings were compared. Wood samples collected from several (6 to 13) families at three sites, each at a different age (2, 3, and 6 years), showed a significant difference between the overall plantlet and seedling mean specific gravity only in the youngest material (0.387 versus 0.356, respectively). Another collection of wood samples from three different sites at age 5 years showed that the within-site variation in specific gravity for a single clone was 29% that of the open-pollinated family from which it was derived. When tissue culture techniques become practical, operational clonal plantations of loblolly pine should offer substantial improvement in the uniformity of wood produced relative to the heterogeneous seedling-origin plantations currently being established. DA - 1989/10// PY - 1989/10// DO - 10.1139/x89-208 VL - 19 IS - 10 SP - 1347-1350 SN - 0045-5067 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EFFECTS OF ROOT-ZONE ACIDITY ON UTILIZATION OF NITRATE AND AMMONIUM IN TOBACCO PLANTS AU - HENRY, LT AU - RAPER, CD T2 - JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AB - Abstract Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. ‘Coker 319') plants were grown for 28 days in flowing nutrient culture containing either 1.0 mM NO3 ‐ or 1.0 mM NH4 + as the nitrogen source in a complete nutrient solution. Acidities of the solutions were controlled at pH 6.0 or 4.0 for each nitrogen source. Plants were sampled at intervals of 6 to 8 days for determination of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation. Specific rates of NO3 ‐ or NH4 + uptake (rate of uptake per unit root mass) were calculated from these data. Net photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area were measured on attached leaves by infrared gas analysis. When NO‐ was the sole nitrogen source, root growth and nitrogen uptake rate were unaffected by pH of the solution, and photosynthetic activity of leaves and accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in the whole plant were similar. When NH4 + was the nitrogen source, photosynthetic rate of leaves and accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in the whole plant were not statistically different from NO3 ‐ ‐fed plants when acidity of the solution was controlled at pH 6.0. When acidity for NH4 + ‐fed plants was increased to pH 4.0, however, specific rate of NH4 + uptake decreased by about 50% within the first 6 days of treatment. The effect of acidity on root function was associated with a decreased rate of accumulation of nitrogen in shoots that was accompanied by a rapid cessation of leaf development between days 6 and 13. The decline in leaf growth rate of NH4 + ‐fed plants at pH 4.0 was followed by reductions in photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area. These responses of NH4 + ‐fed plants to increased root‐zone acidity are characteristic of the sequence of responses that occur during onset of nitrogen stress. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1080/01904168909363995 VL - 12 IS - 7 SP - 811-826 SN - 0190-4167 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climatic limitations to growth in loblolly and shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda and P. echinata): A dendroclimatological approach AU - Friend, A. L. AU - Hafley, W. L. T2 - Forest Ecology and Management AB - Dendroclimatological techniques were used to assess the limitations of climate to the tree-ring growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.) at two sites in central North Carolina. The climatic influence on tree-ring growth was determined from regression analysis of mean monthly climate and standardized tree-ring widths. Climate accounted for 20–40% of the variation in the standardized tree-ring widths of the two species. The results suggested that climate of the early and late growing seasons provided the most consistent influences to cambial growth in this region. Radial growth was most strongly related to 3 parameters of annual climate: (1) days-with-rain in September through November of previous growth-year (negative influence on growth); (2) cumulative mean monthly air temperature in March through May (positive); and (3) estimated September soil water content (positive). A preliminary examination of potential mean climatic limitations to growth successfully predicted two growth-sensitive climatic variables (2 and 3 above). However, not all ‘normal’ annual climatic limitations were sensitive predictors of growth. This indicated that (a) climatic variations which influence year-to-year variations in growth are not always the most severe seasonal stresses, and (b) indirect and time-delayed effects (1 above) are important considerations in predicting the effects of climate on growth. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1016/0378-1127(89)90039-X VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 113 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CYCLIC VARIATIONS IN NITROGEN UPTAKE RATE OF SOYBEAN PLANTS - AMMONIUM AS A NITROGEN-SOURCE AU - HENRY, LT AU - RAPER, CD T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - When NO3− is the sole nitrogen source in flowing solution culture, the net rate of nitrogen uptake by nonnodulated soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Ransom) plants cycles between maxima and minima with a periodicity of oscillation that corresponds with the interval of leaf emergence. Since soybean plants accumulate similar quantities of nitrogen when either NH4+ or NO3− is the sole source in solution culture controlled at pH 6.0, an experiment was conducted to determine if the oscillations in net rate of nitrogen uptake also occur when NH4+ is the nitrogen source. During a 21-day period of vegetative development, net uptake of NH4+ was measured daily by ion chromatography as depletion of NH4+ from a replenished nutrient solution containing 1.0 millimolar NH4+. The net rate of NH4+ uptake oscillated with a periodicity that was similar to the interval of leaf emergence. Instances of negative net rates of uptake indicate that the transition between maxima and minima involved changes in influx and efflux components of net NH4+ uptake. DA - 1989/12// PY - 1989/12// DO - 10.1104/pp.91.4.1345 VL - 91 IS - 4 SP - 1345-1350 SN - 0032-0889 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biomass and nutrient accumulation in Fraser-fir Christmas trees AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Wright, R. D. T2 - HortScience DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 280 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An assessment of remotely sensed imagery for use in hardwood stand density distribution mapping in central California AU - Brockhaus, J. A. T2 - Technical Papers 1989 ASPRS/ACSM Annual Convention.Volume 3.Remote sensing DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// SP - 109 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Should sawnwood be produced with chainsaws? Observations in Ecuador AU - Prestemon, J. P. AU - Laarman, J. G. T2 - Journal of World Forest Resource Management DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 111 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficiency and employment in Ecuador's sawnwood industry AU - Prestemon, J. P. T2 - Working Paper (Forestry Private Enterprise Initiative) DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// IS - 41 SP - 48 ER - TY - PAT TI - Method for transforming pine AU - Sederoff, R. R. AU - Stomp, A.-M. AU - Moore, L. W. AU - Chilton, S. W. C2 - 1989/// DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// ER - TY - BOOK TI - Soil genesis and classification (3rd ed.) AU - Buol, S. W. AU - Hole, F. D. AU - McCracken, R. J. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// PB - Ames: Iowa State University Press SN - 0813814626 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL-EFFECTS OF GUTHION ON PINE VOLES, MICROTUS-PINETORUM AU - DURDA, JL AU - POWELL, RA AU - BARTHALMUS, GT T2 - BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY DA - 1989/7// PY - 1989/7// DO - 10.1007/bf01702241 VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 80-86 SN - 0007-4861 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MINK RESPONSE TO ULTRASOUND IN THE RANGE EMITTED BY PREY AU - POWELL, RA AU - ZIELINSKI, WJ T2 - JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY AB - Journal Article Mink Response to Ultrasound in the Range Emitted by Prey Get access Roger A. Powell, Roger A. Powell Department of Zoology, Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar William J. Zielinski William J. Zielinski Department of Zoology, Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 70, Issue 3, 18 August 1989, Pages 637–638, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381439 Published: 18 August 1989 Article history Received: 08 August 1988 Accepted: 27 October 1988 Published: 18 August 1989 DA - 1989/8// PY - 1989/8// DO - 10.2307/1381439 VL - 70 IS - 3 SP - 637-638 SN - 0022-2372 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Effects of resource productivity, patchiness and predictability on mating and dispersal strategies AU - Powell, R. A. T2 - Comparative socioecology : the behavioural ecology of humans and other mammals A2 - Standen, V. A2 - Foley, R. A. PY - 1989/// SP - 101-123 PB - Oxford; Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications SN - 0632023619 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Fisheries and wildlife planning teaching module AU - Nielsen, L. A. AU - Knuth, B. A. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// PB - Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences ER - TY - JOUR TI - Big pictures and little pictures of West Virginia's big rivers AU - Scott, M. T. AU - Nielsen, L. A. T2 - Wonderful West Virginia DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 53 IS - 5 SP - 18-21 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Young fish distribution in backwaters and main-channel borders of the Kanawha River, West Virginia AU - Scott, M. T. AU - Nielsen, L. A. T2 - Journal of Fish Biology AB - Fish in the Kanawha River were collected with a 0 . 5‐m plankton net in main‐channel borders and in open areas of backwaters and with a 1‐m 2 enclosed dropbox in shallow backwater habitats. Larval emerald shiners, Notropis atherinoides , were twice as dense, and gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum , 2 . 5 times as dense in main‐channel borders as in backwaters; larval Lepomis spp. were 20 times as dense in backwaters as in main‐channel borders. Smaller Lepomis larvae used open‐water backwater areas primarily; larger larvae migrated to vegetated backwater habitats later in the summer. Backwaters appear crucial for the maintenance of nest‐building fish species in temperate rivers, just as floodplains are necessary for the maintenance of high species diversity in tropical rivers. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03042.x VL - 35 SP - 21-27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SOCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR WILDLIFE AND FISHERY RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AU - KNUTH, BA AU - NIELSEN, LA T2 - SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES AB - Abstract Following a model based on the development and use of social indicators in the field of public administration, the article describes a system of wildlife and fishery resource management indicators for all dimensions of the resource management complex. The system includes a comprehensive series of biologic, social, and institutional dimensions. These dimensions are arrayed with four management system components—inputs, processes, outputs, and impacts—to form a 16‐cell matrix containing 377 resource management indicators. Social and institutional dimensions are discussed as being most in need of explicit management attention. The indicator system has utility for improving all phases of the management process, from goal‐ and objective‐setting through evaluation. Use of the indicator system will lead to more comprehensive and explicit resource management decisions and will help identify promising new areas for research, especially in the human dimension. Keywords: indicatorsevaluationmanagement systemhuman dimensionsperformance measures. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// DO - 10.1080/08941928909380696 VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 329-344 SN - 0894-1920 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PUSHNET SAMPLING AS A SUPPLEMENT TO SEINE SAMPLING IN RIVERS AU - TINSLEY, VR AU - NIELSEN, LA AU - WAHL, DH T2 - FISHERIES RESEARCH AB - Abstract A pushnet, a surface-fishing trawl mounted on the front of a small boat, was tested as a fish-collecting device to supplement seine sampling on the Ohio River. Both seine and pushnet catch rates were highly variable, with seine catch rates related to sampling conditions and pushnet catch rates related to habitat quality. The pushnet, which primarily sampled limnetic habitats, captured fewer species and smaller-sized individuals than the seine, which primarily sampled littoral habitats. The pushnet is a useful addition to faunal survey equipment because it samples differently from a seine and is useable where steeply-sloping shorelines, fast currents, shoreline obstructions and soft substrates prevent seining. DA - 1989/5// PY - 1989/5// DO - 10.1016/0165-7836(89)90054-4 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 201-206 SN - 0165-7836 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thinking together: uniting the human dimensions responsibilities of universities and agencies AU - Nielsen, L. A. AU - Knuth, B. A. AU - Helinski, R. T2 - Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving planning in agencies and universities AU - Nielsen, L. A. T2 - Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference of the Organization of Wildlife Planners` DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 10 SP - 7-14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Continuing education?as if it really mattered AU - Nielsen, L. A. T2 - Human Dimensions in Wildlife Newsletter DA - 1989/// PY - 1989/// VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 5-8 ER -