TY - RPRT
TI - Small-medium business opportunities on seed production, collection and trade for the tree plantation programs in Eastern Mindanao
AU - Abarquez, A.
AU - Tolentino, E.
AU - Deia Cruz, V.
AU - Aguilos, M.
A3 - CSIRO
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
M3 - Brochure
PB - CSIRO
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Animal Damage Control
AU - DePerno, C.S.
T2 - 2009 Agricultural Chemicals Manual
A2 - Crozier, C.R.
A2 - Bacheler, J.
A2 - Buhler, W.G.
A2 - DePerno, C.
A2 - Gosper, J.M.
A2 - Shew, B.
A2 - Richardson, R.
A2 - Roberson, G.
A2 - Sidebottom, J.
A2 - Harper, J.
A2 - Melton, T.
A2 - Burnette, J.
PY - 2008///
SP - 557-568
PB - College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Forestry and natural resource management in Turkey
AU - Isik, F.
AU - Bullock, B.
T2 - Sylvanet
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 21
SP - 9–10
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Inferential model estimates of ammonia dry deposition in the vicinity of a swine production facility
AU - Walker, J.
AU - Spence, P.
AU - Kimbrough, S.
AU - Robarge, W.
T2 - Atmospheric Environment
AB - This project investigates NH3 dry deposition around a commercial swine production facility in eastern North Carolina. Passive diffusion-tube samplers were used to measure weekly integrated NH3 concentrations at 22 locations along horizontal gradients from the barn/lagoon emissions complex (source) out to a distance of 700 m. A two-layer canopy compensation point model was used to predict bi-directional NH3 exchange within a 500 m circular buffer surrounding the source. The model takes into account differences in soil and vegetation emission potential, as well as canopy physical characteristics, among three primary surfaces surrounding the site: forest, crops spray fertilized with swine waste, and other fertilized crops. Between June 2003 and July 2005, mean observed NH3 concentrations ranged from 169.0 μg NH3 m−3 at a distance of 10 m from the source to 7.1 and 13.0 μg NH3 m−3 at 612 and 698 m in the predominant upwind and downwind directions, respectively. Median predicted dry deposition rates ranged from 145 kg NH3–N ha−1 yr−1 at 10 m from the source to 16 kg NH3–N ha−1 yr−1 at 500 m, which is ≈3.5× wet deposition of NH4+–N. Assuming a steady-state emission factor of 7.0 kg NH3 animal−1 yr−1 and a median population of 4900 animals, NH3 dry deposition over the nearest 500 m from the barn/lagoon complex accounted for 10.4% (3567 kg NH3) of annual emissions (34,300 kg NH3). A model sensitivity analysis shows that predicted deposition rates are more sensitive to assumptions regarding cuticular uptake relative to soil and vegetation emission potentials.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.004
VL - 42
IS - 14
SP - 3407-3418
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-41449099938&partnerID=MN8TOARS
KW - ammonia
KW - bi-directional flux
KW - compensation point
KW - dry deposition
KW - resistance model
ER -
TY - SOUND
TI - Is this Climate Change Story True?
AU - Cooper, C.B.
DA - 2008/11/12/
PY - 2008/11/12/
ER -
TY - SOUND
TI - Media Bytes: Is this Climate Change Story True?
AU - Cooper, C.B.
DA - 2008/4/17/
PY - 2008/4/17/
ER -
TY - NEWS
TI - Looking for the perfect fixer-upper: Chickadees prefer nest tubes filled with wood shavings more than boxes
T2 - Birdscope
C2 - summer
PY - 2008/6//
PB - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Harvesting Small Diameter Woody Biomass
AU - Roise, J.P.
AU - Hannum, L.
T2 - Society of American Foresters 2008 National Convention
C2 - 2008/11/5/
CY - Reno-Tahoe, NV
DA - 2008/11/5/
PY - 2008/11/5/
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Machine System for harvesting small-diameter woody biomass
AU - Roise, J.P.
AU - Hannum, L.
T2 - Council on Forest Engineering Annual Meeting
C2 - 2008/6/22/
CY - Charleston, SC
DA - 2008/6/22/
PY - 2008/6/22/
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Can small diameter woody biomass be harvested at a profit? Answer: Yes, but we are not there yet
AU - Roise, J.P.
AU - Catts, G.
AU - Hannum, L.
T2 - Small Wood Utilization Conference
C2 - 2008/5/13/
CY - Madison, WI
DA - 2008/5/13/
PY - 2008/5/13/
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Converting forest understory biomass, which is currently a public safety hazard into a valuable renewable energy resource
AU - Roise, J.P.
T2 - INFORMS National Meeting
C2 - 2008/10/13/
CY - Washington D.C.
DA - 2008/10/13/
PY - 2008/10/13/
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Converting forest understory biomass into a valuable renewable energy resource
AU - Roise, J.P.
AU - Catts, G.
T2 - INFORMS National Meeting
C2 - 2008/10/13/
CY - Washington D.C.
DA - 2008/10/13/
PY - 2008/10/13/
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Machine Trials for Harvesting Small Diameter Woody Biomass
AU - Roise, J.P.
AU - Hannun, L.
T2 - American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) meeting
C2 - 2008/2//
CY - Frankfort, KY
DA - 2008/2//
PY - 2008///
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Artificial nest site preferences of Black-capped Chickadees
AU - Cooper, Caren
AU - Bonter, David
T2 - Journal of Field Ornithology
AB - ABSTRACT To facilitate study of the breeding biology of parids, Grubb and Bronson (1995; Condor 97: 1067–1070) designed artificial “snags” made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes. Because the cost of artificial snags is greater than that of traditional wooden boxes, we examined alternatives to PVC snags for attracting chickadees to artificial nesting sites. From 2005 to 2007, we compared the use of PVC snags and wooden nest boxes by Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in Sapsucker Woods Sanctuary in Ithaca, New York. We also quantified the use of cavities with and without wood shavings. The probability of chickadee excavation was greater (60–70% per yr) in filled snags (with wood shavings) than in filled boxes (40–50%; logistic mixed model, P= 0.01), and chickadees initiated more nests in filled snags (25–30%) than filled boxes (15%; P= 0.03). Chickadees also initiated significantly more nests (P= 0.03) in filled than unfilled boxes. Although wooden boxes filled with wood shavings were used more often by Black-capped Chickadees than unfilled wooden boxes, artificial snags filled with wood shavings were used most, were no more likely than boxes to be usurped by House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon), and were less likely than boxes to be occupied by mice. Thus, artificial snags may be the better option for investigators studying the breeding biology of chickadees. Para facilitar estudios sobre la biología reproductiva de los paridos, Grubb and Bronson (1995; Condor 97: 1067–1070) diseñaron “tocones” artificiales hechos de tubos de policloruro de vinilo (PVC). Debido a que el costo de los tocones artificiales es mayor que el de las cajas de madera tradicionales, examinamos las alternativas a los tocones de PVC para atraer a Poecile atricapillus a lugares artificiales de anidación. Entre el 2005 y el 2007, comparamos el uso de tocones de PVC y cajas de madera por P. atricapillus en el santuario de Sapsucker Woods en Ithaca, Nueva York. También cuantificamos el uso de cavidades con y sin aserrín de madera. La probabilidad de excavación por P. atricapillus fue mayor (60–70% por año) en tocones con aserrín que en cajas con aserrín (40–50%; modelo logístico mixto, P= 0.01), y los individuos comenzaron mas nidos en tocones con aserrín (25–30%) que en cajas con aserrín (15%; P= 0.03). P. atricapillus comenzó significativamente mas nidos (P= 0.03) en cajas con aserrín que en cajas sin aserrín. Aunque las cajas de madera con aserrín en su interior fueron usadas mas frecuentemente por P. atricapillus que cajas de madera vacías, los tocones artificiales con aserrín en su interior fueron mayormente usadas y no tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de ser usurpadas por Troglodytes aedon y también tuvieron una probabilidad mas baja de ser ocupadas por ratones que las cajas. Así, los tocones artificiales pueden ser una mejor opción para investigadores quienes estudian la biología reproductiva de P. atricapillus.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00162.x
VL - 79
IS - 2
SP - 193-197
J2 - J Field Ornithology
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0273-8570 1557-9263
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00162.x
DB - Crossref
KW - artificial snag
KW - Black-capped Chickadee
KW - cavity excavation
KW - field experiment
KW - nest box
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - CAN WE IMPROVE ESTIMATES OF JUVENILE DISPERSAL DISTANCE AND SURVIVAL
AU - Cooper, Caren B.
AU - Daniels, Susan J.
AU - Walters, Jeffrey R.
T2 - Ecology
AB - Estimates of distributions of natal dispersal distances and juvenile recruitment rates in open populations are strongly influenced by the extent and shape of the areas sampled. Techniques to improve biased dispersal and survival estimates include area-ratio methods based on weighting observations by sampling effort, the extent and shape of the area sampled, and the amount and distribution of preferred habitat surrounding the area sampled. We partitioned territories within the boundaries of a large, almost geographically closed, population of individually marked Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) and estimated dispersal and survival parameters from hypothetical smaller study areas (sampling areas) of varying sizes and shapes in order to examine whether an area-ratio method provides accurate or improved estimates of juvenile dispersal distance and survival. Non-aggregated sampling areas resulted in the detection of fewer dispersal events, but because of their large spatial extent, produced unbiased dispersal estimates. The use of aggregated sampling areas (circular or linear) resulted in the detection of higher numbers of dispersal events, but produced biased dispersal estimates that were generally improved by the area-ratio method. Area-ratio corrections usually provided better estimates of median dispersal distance than uncorrected estimates. Survival to breeding was usually underestimated and often not improved by the area-ratio method, regardless of extent and shape of the sampling area. Estimates of juvenile survival to breeding were improved by assuming that rates of emigration were equivalent to immigration, and correcting survival estimates accordingly. Small, local studies should use an area-ratio method to improve their estimates of median dispersal distance. Because the correction method estimates relative, but not absolute, numbers of individuals dispersing across distance categories, the area-ratio method should not be used for estimating survival. Non-aggregated sampling areas may be an effective design to increase spatial extent (and thus decrease bias) without proportionately increasing the amount of habitat sampled.
DA - 2008/12//
PY - 2008/12//
DO - 10.1890/08-0315.1
VL - 89
IS - 12
SP - 3349-3361
J2 - Ecology
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0012-9658
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0315.1
DB - Crossref
KW - area-ratio correction
KW - band-resight
KW - Picoides borealis
KW - Red-cockaded Woodpecker
KW - study area design
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Science Explicitly for Nonscientists
AU - Cooper, Caren B.
AU - Dickinson, Janis L.
AU - Phillips, Tina
AU - Bonney, Rick
T2 - Ecology and Society
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.5751/es-02602-1302r01
VL - 13
IS - 2
J2 - E&S
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1708-3087
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/es-02602-1302r01
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Design for a region-wide adaptive search for the ivorybilled woodpecker with the objective of estimating occupancy and related parameters
AU - Cooper, R.J.
AU - Mordecai, Rua S.
AU - Mattsson, B.G.
AU - Conroy, M.J.
AU - Pacifici, K.
AU - Peterson, J.T.
AU - Moore, C.T.
C2 - 2008///
C3 - Tundra to Tropics: Connecting Birds, Habitats and People: 4th International Partners in Flight Conference, 13-16 February 2008, McAllen, Texas: Abstracts
DA - 2008///
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - An Adaptive Sample Survey Design for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker
AU - Moore, Clinton T.
AU - Mattsson, Brady J.
AU - Mordecai, Rua S.
AU - Pacifici, Krishna
AU - Conroy, Michael J.
AU - Peterson, James T.
AU - Cooper, Robert J.
DA - 2008/3/31/
PY - 2008/3/31/
M1 - 1434-02HQRU1551
M3 - Cooperative Agreement
SN - 1434-02HQRU1551
UR - http://usgs-cru-individual-data.s3.amazonaws.com/cmoore/tech_publications/Conroy%20et%20al%20(2008)%20IBWO%20Final%20Report-1.pdf
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Monitoring and evaluation of cyanobacteria in Lake Champlain: Summer 2007
AU - Watzin, M.C.
AU - Fuller, S.
AU - May, C.
AU - Bronson, L.
AU - Rogalus, M.
AU - Linder, M.
A3 - Lake Champlain Basin Program
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
M1 - 56
M3 - Technical Report
PB - Lake Champlain Basin Program
SN - 56
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Trends and Research on Race, Ethnicity, and Leisure: Implications for Management
AU - Floyd, M.F.
AU - Nicholas, L.
T2 - Diversity and the recreation profession : organizational perspectives
A2 - Allison, M.
A2 - Schneider, I.
PY - 2008///
ET - Rev.
SP - 109–210
PB - Venture Publishing
SN - 9781892132802
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Significant fish predation on zebra musselsDreissena polymorphain Lake Champlain, U.S.A.
AU - Watzin, M. C.
AU - Joppe-Mercure, K.
AU - Rowder, J.
AU - Lancaster, B.
AU - Bronson, L.
T2 - Journal of Fish Biology
AB - The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine which fishes were consistently eating zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha in Lake Champlain and document their feeding behaviour and (2) quantify the diet composition of the fish predators that were found to consume zebra mussels. From 2002 to 2005, freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens , pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus , yellow perch Perca flavescens and rock bass Ambloplites rupestris all consumed zebra mussels at varying frequencies and amounts. Aplodinotus grunniens and L. gibbosus chewed clumps of zebra mussels, expelling shells, whereas P. flavescens and A. rupestris swallowed small individuals whole. Lepomis gibbosus consumed zebra mussels at the highest frequency (65–89% of prey consumed) and zebra mussels comprised a large part of this fish’s diet (up to 40% by dry mass). Zebra mussels were also an important component of the diet of A. grunniens (up to 59% of the diet by dry mass, 40–63% frequency of consumption). The percentage of the diet comprising zebra mussels in P. flavescens and A. rupestris varied significantly from year to year but never exceeded 10%. Because A. grunniens and L. gibbosus crushed zebra mussels, the nutritional return from consuming zebra mussels would be similar to other prey; for P. flavescens and A. rupestris zebra mussels were only partially digested and the nutritional return would probably be low. As predation on zebra mussels is widespread and significant, it is possible that fish predators could contribute to regulating the population of zebra mussels in Lake Champlain.
DA - 2008/11//
PY - 2008/11//
DO - 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02033.x
VL - 73
IS - 7
SP - 1585-1599
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0022-1112 1095-8649
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02033.x
DB - Crossref
KW - diet composition
KW - freshwater drum
KW - non-native species
KW - pumpkinseed
ER -
TY - MGZN
TI - Limiting Canada goose use of turfgrass areas
AU - Ayers, C.R.
AU - DePerno, C.S.
AU - Stoskopf, S.K.
AU - Moorman, C.E.
AU - Yelverton, F.H.
T2 - North Carolina Turfgrass
DA - 2008/3//
PY - 2008/3//
SP - 32–36
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Brain abscess in white-tailed deer
AU - Karns, G.
AU - Lancia, R.A.
AU - DePerno, C.S.
AU - Conner, M.C.
T2 - RealTree.com
DA - 2008/7/21/
PY - 2008/7/21/
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Does with antlers?
AU - DePerno, C.S.
AU - Jenks, J.A.
T2 - RealTree.com
DA - 2008/10/7/
PY - 2008/10/7/
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - All about antler development
AU - Chitwood, M.C.
AU - Karns, G.
AU - DePerno, C.S.
T2 - RealTree.com
DA - 2008/12/18/
PY - 2008/12/18/
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Sources of measurement error, misclassification error, and bias in auditory avian point count data
AU - Simons, T.R.
AU - Pollock, K.H.
AU - Wettroth, J.M.
AU - Alldredge, M.W.
AU - Pacifici, K.
AU - Brewster, J.
T2 - The All-Bird Bulletin
DA - 2008/3//
PY - 2008/3//
SP - 2–3
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Ecology at Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina
AU - Simons, T.R.
AU - Waldstein, A.
AU - O'Connell, A.
A3 - National Park Service
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
M3 - 2007 Annual Report
PB - National Park Service
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Effects of Atmospheric Pollution on High Elevation Fauna in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
AU - Simons, T.R.
AU - Hylton, R.
A3 - National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
M3 - 2007 Annual Report
PB - National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Fall shorebird migration and ORV disturbance at Cape Lookout National Seashore
AU - Simons, T.R.
AU - Tarr, N.
A3 - National Park Service
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
M3 - Annual report
PB - National Park Service
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) research and monitoring in North Carolina
AU - Simons, T.R.
AU - Schulte, S.
A3 - National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Audubon Society
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
M3 - Annual report
PB - National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Audubon Society
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Remote cameras
AU - Kays, Roland W.
AU - Slauson, Keith M.
T2 - Noninvasive Survey Methods for Carnivores
A2 - Long, R.A.
A2 - MacKay, P.
A2 - Ray, J.C.
A2 - Zielinski, W.J.
PY - 2008///
SP - 110–140
PB - Island Press
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Remote Cameras as a Tool for Broadscale Wildlife Surveys
AU - Kays, Roland
T2 - Proceedings of the 2007 Animal-Borne Imaging Symposium
A2 - Marshall, G.
PY - 2008///
SP - 179–182
PB - National Geographic Society
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Predispersal home range shift of an ocelot Leopardus pardalis (Carnivora: Felidae) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama
AU - Mares, Rafael
AU - Moreno, Ricardo S.
AU - Kays, Roland W.
AU - Wikelski, Martin
T2 - Revista de Biología Tropical
AB - Home range shifts prior to natal dispersal have been rarely documented, yet the events that lead a subadult to abandon a portion of its home range and venture into unfamiliar territories, before eventually setting off to look for a site to reproduce, are probably related to the causes of dispersal itself. Here, we used a combination of manual radio-tracking and an Automated Radio Telemetry System to continuously study the movements of a subadult male ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), a solitary carnivore with sex-biased dispersal, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, for 18 months from May 2003 through October 2004. The subadult ocelot's parents were also radio-tracked to record possible parent-offspring interactions within their home ranges. At the age of ca. 21 months the subadult gradually began to shift its natal home range, establishing a new one used until the end of the study, in an area that had previously been used by another dispersing subadult male. Only three parent-offspring interactions were recorded during the four months around the time the range-shift occurred. The apparent peaceful nature of these encounters, along with the slow transition out of a portion of his natal home range, suggest the subadult was not evicted from his natal area by his parents. The timing of the shift, along with the subadult's increase in weight into the weight range of adult ocelots four months after establishing the new territory, suggests that predispersal home range shifts could act as a low risk and opportunistic strategy for reaching adult size, while minimizing competition with parents and siblings, in preparation for an eventual dispersal into a new breeding territory.
DA - 2008/6/5/
PY - 2008/6/5/
DO - 10.15517/rbt.v56i2.5623
VL - 56
IS - 2
SN - 2215-2075 0034-7744
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v56i2.5623
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Ocelot Awareness among Latinos on the Texas and Tamaulipas Border
AU - Nils Peterson, M.
AU - Sternberg, Mitch
AU - Lopez, Angelica
AU - Liu, Jianguo
T2 - Human Dimensions of Wildlife
AB - Knowledge about wildlife represents a critical component of conservation. Although several variables (e.g., gender, education, length of residency) predict components of wildlife knowledge, previous research on the topic has rarely included multivariate analysis and has not focused on Latinos, the largest ethnic minority in the United States. We addressed this gap with a survey assessing the ability of residents on the Texas–Tamaulipas border to identify an ocelot. Few residents (13%, n = 402) could identify an ocelot. Males, those with higher education and income levels, longer-term residents, and residents owning rural and agricultural properties were most likely to identify ocelots correctly. These results suggest wildlife education and extension activities in borderland communities should target females, new residents, and residential property owners. Future research should address the extent these findings apply for Latino populations outside borderland contexts.
DA - 2008/10/3/
PY - 2008/10/3/
DO - 10.1080/10871200802227414
VL - 13
IS - 5
SP - 339-347
J2 - Human Dimensions of Wildlife
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1087-1209 1533-158X
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871200802227414
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Retrieving LAI from Remotely Sensed Images: Spectral Indices vs Spatial Texture
AU - Song, C.
AU - Gray, J.M.
AU - Zhang, S.
C2 - 2008///
C3 - American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting Abstracts
DA - 2008///
SP - B33D-03
PB - American Geophysical Union
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A rainbow out of place
AU - Hutchens, S.J.
AU - DePerno, C.S.
T2 - Wildlife in North Carolina
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 72
IS - 10
SP - 31
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - You can help waterfowl...
AU - Rutledge, L.
AU - DePerno, C.
AU - Moorman, C.
AU - Ayers, C.
A3 - North Carolina State University, Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences Program
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
M3 - Informational Brochure
PB - North Carolina State University, Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences Program
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A Coasian Approach to Efficient Water Allocation of a Transboundary River
AU - Willis, David B.
AU - Baker, Justin S.
T2 - Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics
AB - The United States and Mexico recently resolved a decade-old water dispute that required Mexico to repay the accumulated water debt within one year. A Coasian analysis estimates the social welfare gains attainable to each country under an alternative debt repayment scheme that allows repayment over a longer time horizon and in a combination of dollars and water, instead of solely in water. Assuming average water supply conditions, under the agreed 1-year repayment contract, U.S. compensation value is 534% greater and Mexico's compensation cost is 60% less relative to when compensation is paid exclusively in water.
DA - 2008/8//
PY - 2008/8//
DO - 10.1017/s1074070800023762
VL - 40
IS - 2
SP - 473-484
J2 - J. Agric. Appl. Econ.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1074-0708 2056-7405
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800023762
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Impact of the PSA Program on Land Use
AU - Sills, E.
AU - Arriagada, R.
AU - Ferraro, P.
AU - Pattanayak, S.
AU - Carrasco, L.
AU - Ortiz, E.
AU - Cordero, S.
AU - Caldwell, K.
AU - Andam, K.
T2 - Ecomarkets: Costa Rica’s Experience with Payments for Environmental Services
A2 - Pagiola, S.
PY - 2008///
PB - World Bank
UR - https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17893
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Sleeping outside the box: electroencephalographic measures of sleep in sloths inhabiting a rainforest
AU - Rattenborg, Niels C
AU - Voirin, Bryson
AU - Vyssotski, Alexei L
AU - Kays, Roland W
AU - Spoelstra, Kamiel
AU - Kuemmeth, Franz
AU - Heidrich, Wolfgang
AU - Wikelski, Martin
T2 - Biology Letters
AB - The functions of sleep remain an unresolved question in biology. One approach to revealing sleep's purpose is to identify traits that explain why some species sleep more than others. Recent comparative studies of sleep have identified relationships between various physiological, neuroanatomical and ecological traits, and the time mammals spend in rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep. However, owing to technological constraints, these studies were based exclusively on animals in captivity. Consequently, it is unclear to what extent the unnatural laboratory environment affected time spent sleeping, and thereby the identification and interpretation of informative clues to the functions of sleep. We performed the first electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings of sleep on unrestricted animals in the wild using a recently developed miniaturized EEG recorder, and found that brown-throated three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus) inhabiting the canopy of a tropical rainforest only sleep 9.63 h d(-1), over 6 h less than previously reported in captivity. Although the influence of factors such as the age of the animals studied cannot be ruled out, our results suggest that sleep in the wild may be markedly different from that in captivity. Additional studies of various species are thus needed to determine whether the relationships between sleep duration and various traits identified in captivity are fundamentally different in the wild. Our initial study of sloths demonstrates the feasibility of this endeavour, and thereby opens the door to comparative studies of sleep occurring within the ecological context within which it evolved.
DA - 2008/5/15/
PY - 2008/5/15/
DO - 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0203
VL - 4
IS - 4
SP - 402-405
J2 - Biol. Lett.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1744-9561 1744-957X
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0203
DB - Crossref
KW - non-rapid eye movement sleep
KW - rapid eye movement sleep
KW - sloth
KW - electroencephalogram
KW - captivity
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Interaction location outweighs the competitive advantage of numerical superiority in Cebus capucinus intergroup contests
AU - Crofoot, M. C.
AU - Gilby, I. C.
AU - Wikelski, M. C.
AU - Kays, R. W.
T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
AB - Numerical superiority confers a competitive advantage during contests among animal groups, shaping patterns of resource access, and, by extension, fitness. However, relative group size does not always determine the winner of intergroup contests. Smaller, presumably weaker social groups often defeat their larger neighbors, but how and when they are able to do so remains poorly understood. Models of competition between individuals suggest that location may influence contest outcome. However, because of the logistical difficulties of studying intergroup interactions, previous studies have been unable to determine how contest location and group size interact to shape relationships among groups. We address this question by using an automated radio telemetry system to study intergroup interactions among six capuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus) social groups of varying sizes. We find that the odds of winning increase with relative group size; one additional group member increases the odds of winning an interaction by 10%. However, this effect is not uniform across space; with each 100 m that a group moves away from the center of its home range, its odds of winning an interaction decrease by 31%. We demonstrate that contest outcome depends on an interaction between group size and location, such that small groups can defeat much larger groups near the center of their home range. The tendency of resident groups to win contests may help explain how small groups persist in areas with intense intergroup competition.
DA - 2008/1/9/
PY - 2008/1/9/
DO - 10.1073/pnas.0707749105
VL - 105
IS - 2
SP - 577-581
J2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0027-8424 1091-6490
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707749105
DB - Crossref
KW - between-group competition
KW - intergroup dominance
KW - payoff asymmetries
KW - resource holding potential
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Ocelots on Barro Colorado Island Are Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus but Not Other Common Feline and Canine Viruses
AU - Franklin, Samuel P.
AU - Kays, Roland W.
AU - Moreno, Ricardo
AU - TerWee, Julie A.
AU - Troyer, Jennifer L.
AU - VandeWoude, Sue
T2 - Journal of Wildlife Diseases
AB - Transmission of pathogens from domestic animals to wildlife populations (spill-over) has precipitated local wildlife extinctions in multiple geographic locations. Identifying such events before they cause population declines requires differentiating spillover from endemic disease, a challenge complicated by a lack of baseline data from wildlife populations that are isolated from domestic animals. We tested sera collected from 12 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) native to Barro Colorado Island, Panama, which is free of domestic animals, for antibodies to feline herpes virus, feline calicivirus, feline corona virus, feline panleukopenia virus, canine distemper virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), typically a species-specific infection. Samples also were tested for feline leukemia virus antigens. Positive tests results were only observed for FIV; 50% of the ocelots were positive. We hypothesize that isolation of this population has prevented introduction of pathogens typically attributed to contact with domestic animals. The high density of ocelots on Barro Colorado Island may contribute to a high prevalence of FIV infection, as would be expected with increased contact rates among conspecifics in a geographically restricted population.
DA - 2008/7//
PY - 2008/7//
DO - 10.7589/0090-3558-44.3.760
VL - 44
IS - 3
SP - 760-765
J2 - Journal of Wildlife Diseases
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0090-3558
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-44.3.760
DB - Crossref
KW - Barro Colorado Island
KW - FIV
KW - Leopardus
KW - ocelot
KW - serology
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Home-range use by the Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama
AU - Aliaga-Rossel, Enzo
AU - Kays, Roland W.
AU - Fragoso, José M. V.
T2 - Journal of Tropical Ecology
AB - Abstract This study investigates the movements and home range of the agouti ( Dasyprocta punctata ) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We captured and tracked 12 agoutis from January to December 2003. Home-range size (95% kernel) ranged from 1.56–2.45 ha (n = 6) for males and 1.34–1.97 ha (n = 5) for females. Agouti ranges overlapped and we estimated a density of approximately 100 agoutis km −2 . We compared agouti movement with the locations of refuges and food trees, and the results suggest that the agoutis are central-place foragers. Agoutis moved an average of 850 m d −1 covering approximately 35% of their range daily. These movement data help us understand the potential impacts of agoutis as seed dispersers, predicting that D. punctata will encounter and hoard fallen fruit within 10–200 m (i.e. radius of home range) of its source, and move seeds towards refuges such as ground holes and dense vegetation around recent tree falls.
DA - 2008/7//
PY - 2008/7//
DO - 10.1017/S0266467408005129
VL - 24
IS - 4
SP - 367-374
J2 - J. Trop. Ecol.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0266-4674 1469-7831
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467408005129
DB - Crossref
KW - agouti
KW - Dasyprocta punctata
KW - habitat use
KW - home range
KW - mammal density
KW - predation risk
KW - space use
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY OF EASTERN COYOTES BASED ON LARGE-SCALE ESTIMATES OF ABUNDANCE
AU - Kays, Roland W.
AU - Gompper, Matthew E.
AU - Ray, Justina C.
T2 - Ecological Applications
AB - Since their range expansion into eastern North America in the mid-1900s, coyotes (Canis latrans) have become the region's top predator. Although widespread across the region, coyote adaptation to eastern forests and use of the broader landscape are not well understood. We studied the distribution and abundance of coyotes by collecting coyote feces from 54 sites across a diversity of landscapes in and around the Adirondacks of northern New York. We then genotyped feces with microsatellites and found a close correlation between the number of detected individuals and the total number of scats at a site. We created habitat models predicting coyote abundance using multi-scale vegetation and landscape data and ranked them with an information-theoretic model selection approach. These models allow us to reject the hypothesis that eastern forests are unsuitable habitat for coyotes as their abundance was positively correlated with forest cover and negatively correlated with measures of rural non-forest landscapes. However, measures of vegetation structure turned out to be better predictors of coyote abundance than generalized "forest vs. open" classification. The best supported models included those measures indicative of disturbed forest, especially more open canopies found in logged forests, and included natural edge habitats along water courses. These forest types are more productive than mature forests and presumably host more prey for coyotes. A second model with only variables that could be mapped across the region highlighted the lower density of coyotes in areas with high human settlement, as well as positive relationships with variables such as snowfall and lakes that may relate to increased numbers and vulnerability of deer. The resulting map predicts coyote density to be highest along the southwestern edge of the Adirondack State Park, including Tug Hill, and lowest in the mature forests and more rural areas of the central and eastern Adirondacks. Together, these results support the need for a nuanced view of how eastern coyotes use forested habitats.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1890/07-0298.1
VL - 18
IS - 4
SP - 1014-1027
J2 - Ecological Applications
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1051-0761
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-0298.1
DB - Crossref
KW - abundance
KW - Adirondack State Park
KW - New York
KW - Canis latrans
KW - eastern coyote
KW - fecal DNA
KW - landscape ecology
KW - noninvasive survey
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Relating stream physical habitat condition and concordance of biotic productivity across multiple taxa
AU - Sullivan, S. Mažeika P.
AU - Watzin, Mary C.
T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
AB - To explore the potential of assessments of stream geomorphic condition and habitat quality in evaluating lotic productivity, we investigated concordance of stream biotic productivity (aquatic macroinvertebrates, crayfish, fish, and belted kingfishers ( Ceryle alcyon )) and their physical habitat correlates in 18 streams in the Champlain Valley, Vermont, USA. Pearson correlation analysis indicated significant concordance between macroinvertebrate density and fish biomass (r = 0.76), between the density of macroinvertebrates in the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera and fish biomass (r = 0.81), and between fish biomass and kingfisher brood weight (r = 0.54). We used principal component analysis followed by linear regression to investigate relationships between physical habitat condition and biotic productivity and to identify key components of physical habitat condition assessments. Our analysis supported the combined use of geomorphic and habitat assessments as a comprehensive indicator of stream physical habitat condition. We found relationships between habitat assessment scores and productivity measures of all taxa except crayfish, suggesting similar responses to physical condition across trophic levels. Our results encourage the use of additional taxa, in addition to widely used macroinvertebrate metrics, as indicators of the composite effects of physical habitat impairment in stream ecosystems.
DA - 2008/12//
PY - 2008/12//
DO - 10.1139/f08-165
VL - 65
IS - 12
SP - 2667-2677
J2 - Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0706-652X 1205-7533
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-165
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Diet of Invasive Adult White Perch (Morone americana) and their Effects on the Zooplankton Community in Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain
AU - Couture, Sam C.
AU - Watzin, Mary C.
T2 - Journal of Great Lakes Research
AB - White perch (Morone americana) became established in Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain in the mid 1990s. Since that time, cyanobacteria blooms have become common in summer. Although introduced planktivorous fish often impact plankton communities through a reduction in Daphnia density, such effects can be difficult to predict in an opportunistic species such as white perch. In this study, we examined the extent of zooplanktivory exhibited by adult white perch in Missisquoi Bay. Adult white perch were collected from Missisquoi Bay on ten dates in spring and summer of 2005. White perch diet consisted of large numbers of Daphnia on dates when Daphnia densities exceeded 20 individuals/L and when Daphnia comprised more than 50% of the zooplankton assemblage. When Daphnia densities were below these threshold values, adult white perch diet consisted predominantly of benthic prey. Our results show that white perch feed on large numbers of Daphnia in Missisquoi Bay and select Daphnia over other zooplankton taxa when they are abundant. It is likely that adult white perch grazing in Missisquoi Bay has contributed to a reduction in Daphnia density which in turn may be contributing to summertime cyanobacteria dominance in this bay.
DA - 2008/9//
PY - 2008/9//
DO - 10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[485:doiawp]2.0.co;2
VL - 34
IS - 3
SP - 485-494
J2 - Journal of Great Lakes Research
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0380-1330 0380-1330
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[485:doiawp]2.0.co;2
DB - Crossref
KW - White perch
KW - Morone americana
KW - diet composition
KW - trophic cascade
KW - Daphnia
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A reference data set of hillslope rainfall-runoff response, Panola Mountain Research Watershed, United States
AU - Tromp-van Meerveld, H. J.
AU - James, A. L.
AU - McDonnell, J. J.
AU - Peters, N. E.
T2 - Water Resources Research
AB - Although many hillslope hydrologic investigations have been conducted in different climate, topographic, and geologic settings, subsurface stormflow remains a poorly characterized runoff process. Few, if any, of the existing data sets from these hillslope investigations are available for use by the scientific community for model development and validation or conceptualization of subsurface stormflow. We present a high‐resolution spatial and temporal rainfall‐runoff data set generated from the Panola Mountain Research Watershed trenched experimental hillslope. The data set includes surface and subsurface (bedrock surface) topographic information and time series of lateral subsurface flow at the trench, rainfall, and subsurface moisture content (distributed soil moisture content and groundwater levels) from January to June 2002.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1029/2007wr006299
VL - 44
IS - 6
J2 - Water Resour. Res.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0043-1397
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007wr006299
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The effects of environmentally relevant mixtures of estrogens on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) reproduction
AU - Jukosky, James A.
AU - Watzin, Mary C.
AU - Leiter, James C.
T2 - Aquatic Toxicology
AB - Wastewater effluent contains a variety of estrogenic compounds that vary in potency, but each of which contributes to the overall estrogenicity of the effluent. We hypothesized that the effects of mixtures of estrogens on reproduction in pair breeding medaka (Oryzias latipes) could be predicted by their relative estrogenicity. Relative estrogenicity was defined by the ability of estrogenic compounds to induce vitellogenesis in various species of male fish. We exposed reproducing pairs of medaka to mixtures of the environmental estrogens nonylphenol (NP), 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE(2)), and natural 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), as well as treatments of equivalent estrogenicity that were composed of E(2) alone. Reproducing medaka exposed to mixtures of estrogenic compounds and equipotent treatments of estradiol alone had very similar responses in mortality and reproduction (fecundity, number of spawns). However, mixtures of NP, E(2), and EE(2) elicited lower vitellogenic induction than equipotent concentrations of E(2) alone. Therefore, relative estrogenicity was a good model for predicting some, but not all, reproductive responses, and simple additive mixture models may not predict all relevant physiological responses.
DA - 2008/1//
PY - 2008/1//
DO - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.11.012
VL - 86
IS - 2
SP - 323-331
J2 - Aquatic Toxicology
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0166-445X
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.11.012
DB - Crossref
KW - estrogen
KW - relative estrogenicity
KW - mixture effects
KW - medaka
KW - Oryzias latipes
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Elevated Concentrations of Ethinylestradiol, 17β-Estradiol, and Medroxyprogesterone have Little Effect on Reproduction and Survival of Ceriodaphnia dubia
AU - Jukosky, James A.
AU - Watzin, Mary C.
AU - Leiter, James C.
T2 - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
DA - 2008/7/18/
PY - 2008/7/18/
DO - 10.1007/s00128-008-9462-1
VL - 81
IS - 3
SP - 230-235
J2 - Bull Environ Contam Toxicol
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0007-4861 1432-0800
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-008-9462-1
DB - Crossref
KW - estrogen
KW - ethinylestradiol
KW - medroxyprogesterone
KW - Ceriodaphnia dubia
KW - endocrine disruptor
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Spatial distribution and geomorphic condition of fish habitat in streams: an analysis using hydraulic modelling and geostatistics
AU - Clark, Jessica S.
AU - Rizzo, Donna M.
AU - Watzin, Mary C.
AU - Hession, W. Cully
T2 - River Research and Applications
AB - Abstract Reach‐scale physical habitat assessment scores are increasingly used to make decisions about management. We characterized the spatial distribution of hydraulic habitat characteristics at the reach and sub‐reach scales for four fish species using detailed two‐dimensional hydraulic models and spatial analysis techniques (semi‐variogram analyses). We next explored whether these hydraulic characteristics were correlated with commonly used reach‐scale geomorphic assessment (RGA) scores, rapid habitat assessment (RHA) scores, or indices of fish biodiversity and abundance. River2D was used to calculate weighted usable areas (WUAs) at median flows, Q 50 , for six Vermont streams using modelled velocity, depth estimates, channel bed data and habitat suitability curves for blacknose dace ( Rhinichthys atratulus ), brown trout ( Salmo trutta ), common shiner ( Notropis cornutus ) and white sucker ( Catostomus commersoni ) at both the adult and spawn stages. All stream reaches exhibited different spatial distributions of WUA ranging from uniform distribution of patches of high WUA to irregular distribution of more isolated patches. Streams with discontinuous, distinct patches of high score WUA had lower fish biotic integrity measured with the State of Vermont's Mixed Water Index of Biotic Integrity (MWIBI) than streams with a more uniform distribution of high WUA. In fact, the distribution of usable habitats may be a determining factor for fish communities. A relationship between predicted WUAs averaged at the reach scale and RGA or RHA scores was not found. Future research is needed to identify the appropriate spatial scales to capture the connections between usable patches of stream channel habitat. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DA - 2008/9//
PY - 2008/9//
DO - 10.1002/rra.1085
VL - 24
IS - 7
SP - 885-899
J2 - River Res. Applic.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1535-1459 1535-1467
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1085
DB - Crossref
KW - geomorphology
KW - instream habitat
KW - geostatistics
KW - hydraulic modelling
KW - spatial variability
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Evaluation of sampling and screening techniques for tiered monitoring of toxic cyanobacteria in lakes
AU - Rogalus, Meghan Kreider
AU - Watzin, Mary C.
T2 - Harmful Algae
AB - Exposure to cyanotoxins can pose serious human health consequences both through drinking water and recreational use of a contaminated waterway. We adapted a tiered framework proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for monitoring cyanobacteria populations and assessing public health risks and implemented the program in Lake Champlain. This study focused on evaluating the sampling protocols employed in this adapted monitoring program over two field seasons (2003 and 2004). Using a paired sampling design, we evaluated whether 63-μm Wisconsin net samples adequately represented whole-water conditions and whether chlorophyll a concentration could serve as a useful predictor of cyanobacteria density and microcystin concentration. We also evaluated the spatial and temporal dynamics of blooms and their implications for monitoring. Our results suggest that using threshold values of either potentially toxic cyanobacteria density counted using a rapid screening protocol or chlorophyll a concentration serve as initial indicators of potentially high levels of cyanotoxin; however, the utility of chlorophyll a is system-dependent. Whole-water samples provide more accurate estimates of population density and higher microcystin concentrations than net samples, offering a more cautionary approach to assessing risk to recreational lake users. Shoreline samples generally showed higher cyanotoxin concentrations than offshore, but restricting sampling to the shoreline may miss early warnings of bloom development.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1016/j.hal.2007.11.002
VL - 7
IS - 4
SP - 504-514
J2 - Harmful Algae
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1568-9883
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2007.11.002
DB - Crossref
KW - chlorophyll a
KW - Lake Champlain
KW - microcystin
KW - monitoring
KW - toxic cyanobacteria
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The dynamics of phosphorus retention during an eight-year P-addition in a Neotropical headwater stream
AU - Small, Gaston E.
AU - Pringle, Catherine M.
AU - Triska, Frank J.
AU - Duff, John H.
AU - Jackman, Alan P.
AU - Hidalgo, Minor
AU - Ramírez, Alonso
AU - Ardón, Marcelo
T2 - SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010
AB - Understanding the capacity of stream ecosystems to retain nutrients through physical-chemical processes and biotic assimilation has been a central goal of stream ecologists for decades. Currently, most of our understanding of nutrient saturation is based on short-term (<1 day) nutrient addition experiments, while predicting total stream ecosystem response to long-term anthropogenic nutrient loading requires considering the stream’s capacity to remove nutrients over extended periods. Dissolved phosphorus (P) retention results from a combination of biotic and abiotic mechanisms, which could follow different trajectories through time. Short-term biotic P uptake by algae and heterotrophic microbes typically involves direct assimilation from the water column and is saturated at low background soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) levels (MULHOLLAND et al. 1990). However, during long-term P-loading, the biotic community could also respond by increasing biomass (PETERSON et al. 1985, SLAVIK et al. 2004, but see GREENWOOD & ROSEMOND 2005), temporarily increasing the community’s P-retention capacity. Abiotic P-sorption is an equilibrium process controlled by the relative concentrations of sorbed-P and dissolved-P, although it also depends on sediment size, iron, aluminum, organic content, and pH (MEYER 1979). During long-term P-loading, sediment should become increasingly P-saturated, decreasing abiotic retention. Because biotic and abiotic P-uptake mechanisms could have opposite responses to long-term Ploading, the relative importance of each mechanism will control a stream’s retention capacity over time. Specifically, where P-uptake is dominated by biotic pathways, streams could become temporarily more efficient at removing dissolved-P, whereas where P-uptake is primarily abiotic, streams potentially become less efficient. Here we present data from an 8-year experimental P-addition in a first-order stream, the Carapa, at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Previous experiments of P-dynamics in the Rio Salto at La Selva indicate that most uptake of P due to the input of naturally P-enriched regional groundwater is due to abiotic sorption (TRISKA et al. 2006). Biweekly measurements of dissolved P concentration upstream and at 3 downstream stations during the long-term P-injection in the Carapa allowed us to calculate P-uptake rates over the 8-year study. Assuming a dominance of abiotic control, we predicted that sediments would become saturated over time, decreasing Puptake efficiency.
DA - 2008/1//
PY - 2008/1//
DO - 10.1080/03680770.2008.11902187
VL - 30
IS - 4
SP - 551-554
J2 - SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0368-0770
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2008.11902187
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Upstream Oversight Assessment for Agrifood Nanotechnology: A Case Studies Approach
AU - Kuzma, J.
AU - Romanchek, J.
AU - Kokotovich, A.
T2 - Risk Analysis
AB - Although nanotechnology is broadly receiving attention in public and academic circles, oversight issues associated with applications for agriculture and food remain largely unexplored. Agrifood nanotechnology is at a critical stage in which informed analysis can help shape funding priorities, risk assessment, and oversight activities. This analysis is designed to help society and policymakers anticipate and prepare for challenges posed by complicated, convergent applications of agrifood nanotechnology. The goal is to identify data, risk assessment, regulatory policy, and engagement needs for overseeing these products so they can be addressed prior to market entry. Our approach, termed upstream oversight assessment (UOA), has potential as a key element of anticipatory governance. It relies on distinct case studies of proposed applications of agrifood nanotechnology to highlight areas that need study and attention. As a tool for preparation, UOA anticipates the types and features of emerging applications; their endpoints of use in society; the extent to which users, workers, ecosystems, or consumers will be exposed; the nature of the material and its safety; whether and where the technologies might fit into current regulatory system(s); the strengths and weaknesses of the system(s) in light of these novel applications; and the possible social concerns related to oversight for them.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01071.x
VL - 28
IS - 4
SP - 1081-1098
KW - agriculture
KW - food
KW - nanotechnology
KW - oversight
KW - risk
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Birds of a feather: Interpolating distribution patterns of urban birds
AU - Walker, J.
AU - Balling, R.
AU - Briggs, J.
AU - Katti, M.
AU - Warren, P.
AU - Wentz, E.
T2 - Computers, Environment and Urban Systems
AB - Geostatistical methods provide valuable approaches for analyzing spatial patterns of ecological systems. They allow for both the prediction and visualization of ecological phenomena, a combination that is essential for the conceptual development and testing of ecological theory. Yet, many ecologists remain unfamiliar with the application of these techniques. Here, we apply the methodology of geostatistics to an urban avian census in order to investigate and illustrate the utility of these tools. We derive habitat probability maps for three bird species known to differentially occupy the urban to rural gradient within the Phoenix metropolitan area and surrounding desert (Arizona, USA). We aggregated avian censuses conducted seasonally at 40 sites over two years and applied two processes process of interpolation, ordinary Kriging and indicator Kriging, and compared both methods. Ordinary Kriging interpolates values between measurements; however, it requires normally distributed data, which is commonly invalidated in ecological censuses. While indicator Kriging is not able to produce numerical predictions of measurements, it has the advantages of not requiring normally distributed data and requiring fewer statistical decisions. Each of the species exhibited strong deviations from normality due to many observations of zero. Given the skewness of the data, we anticipated that indicator Kriging would be a more appropriate method of interpolation. However, we found that both methods adequately captured spatial distribution of the three species and are sufficient for creating distribution maps of avian species. With additional census monitoring, Kriging can be used to detect long-term changes in population distribution of avian and other wildlife populations.
DA - 2008/1//
PY - 2008/1//
DO - 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2007.02.001
VL - 77
IS - 1
SP - 59–28
KW - interpolation
KW - Kriging
KW - avian
KW - urban
KW - home range
KW - population distribution
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - An Approach to the Study of Transport and Dispersion of Threat Agents in a Subway Station
AU - Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer
AU - Wittig, Ann E.
T2 - Journal of Applied Security Research
AB - The objective of the proposed research is to assess the exposure of subway riders and workers to threat agents introduced in the subway environment. This article presents the study plan, considerations, and expected outcomes of a novel approach to study this issue. A modular scale model of a subway station has been erected from Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York design specifications. This model will be used in a series of experiments to analyze airflow and dispersion patterns in the wake of a moving train and in an empty tunnel. Particle image velocimetry will be used to measure transient velocity profiles and concentration profiles.
DA - 2008/12/23/
PY - 2008/12/23/
DO - 10.1080/19361610802210210
VL - 4
IS - 1-2
SP - 68-78
J2 - Journal of Applied Security Research
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1936-1610 1936-1629
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19361610802210210
DB - Crossref
KW - Dispersion
KW - exposure assessment
KW - fluid dynamics
KW - New York City
KW - particle image velocimetry
KW - scale model
KW - security
KW - subway
KW - threat agents
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Potential geographic distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition from intensive livestock production in North Carolina, USA
AU - Costanza, Jennifer K.
AU - Marcinko, Sarah E.
AU - Goewert, Ann E.
AU - Mitchell, Charles E.
T2 - Science of The Total Environment
AB - To examine the consequences of increased spatial aggregation of livestock production facilities, we estimated the annual production of nitrogen in livestock waste in North Carolina, USA, and analyzed the potential distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition from confined animal feeding operations ("CAFO") lagoons. North Carolina is a national center for industrial livestock production. Livestock is increasingly being raised in CAFOs, where waste is frequently held, essentially untreated, in open-air lagoons. Reduced nitrogen in lagoons is volatilized as ammonia (NH(3)), transported atmospherically, and deposited to other ecosystems. The Albemarle-Pamlico Sound, NC, is representative of nitrogen-sensitive coastal waters, and is a major component of the second largest estuarine complex in the U.S. We used GIS to model the area of water in the Sound within deposition range of CAFOs. We also evaluated the number of lagoons within deposition range of each 1 km(2) grid cell of the state. We considered multiple scenarios of atmospheric transport by varying distance and directionality. Modeled nitrogen deposition rates were particularly elevated for the Coastal Plain. This pattern matches empirical data, suggesting that observed regional patterns of reduced nitrogen deposition can be largely explained by two factors: limited atmospheric transport distance, and spatial aggregation of CAFOs. Under our medium-distance scenario, a small portion (roughly 22%) of livestock production facilities contributes disproportionately to atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to the Albemarle-Pamlico Sound. Furthermore, we estimated that between 14-37% of the state receives 50% of the state's atmospheric nitrogen deposition from CAFO lagoons. The estimated total emission from livestock is 134,000 t NH(3) yr(-1), 73% of which originates from the Coastal Plain. Stronger waste management and emission standards for CAFOs, particularly those on the Coastal Plain nearest to sensitive water bodies, may help mitigate negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems.
DA - 2008/7//
PY - 2008/7//
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.024
VL - 398
IS - 1-3
SP - 76-86
J2 - Science of The Total Environment
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0048-9697
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.024
DB - Crossref
KW - CAFO
KW - nitrogen
KW - volatilization
KW - deposition
KW - eutrophication
KW - industrial agriculture
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - An Integrated Approach to Oversight Assessment for Emerging Technologies
AU - Kuzma, Jennifer
AU - Paradise, Jordan
AU - Ramachandran, Gurumurthy
AU - Kim, Jee-Ae
AU - Kokotovich, Adam
AU - Wolf, Susan M.
T2 - Risk Analysis
AB - Analysis of oversight systems is often conducted from a single disciplinary perspective and by using a limited set of criteria for evaluation. In this article, we develop an approach that blends risk analysis, social science, public administration, legal, public policy, and ethical perspectives to develop a broad set of criteria for assessing oversight systems. Multiple methods, including historical analysis, expert elicitation, and behavioral consensus, were employed to develop multidisciplinary criteria for evaluating oversight of emerging technologies. Sixty‐six initial criteria were identified from extensive literature reviews and input from our Working Group. Criteria were placed in four categories reflecting the development, attributes, evolution, and outcomes of oversight systems. Expert elicitation, consensus methods, and multidisciplinary review of the literature were used to refine a condensed, operative set of criteria. Twenty‐eight criteria resulted spanning four categories: seven development criteria, 15 attribute criteria, five outcome criteria, and one evolution criterion. These criteria illuminate how oversight systems develop, operate, change, and affect society. We term our approach “integrated oversight assessment” and propose its use as a tool for analyzing relationships among features, outcomes, and tradeoffs of oversight systems. Comparisons among historical case studies of oversight using a consistent set of criteria should result in defensible and evidence‐supported lessons to guide the development of oversight systems for emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology.
DA - 2008/10//
PY - 2008/10//
DO - 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01086.x
VL - 28
IS - 5
SP - 1197-1220
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0272-4332 1539-6924
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01086.x
DB - Crossref
KW - expert elicitation
KW - multicriteria decision analysis
KW - multidisciplinary
KW - nanotechnology
KW - oversight assessment
KW - risk
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Partitioning vegetation response to anthropogenic stress to develop multi-taxa indicators of wetland condition
AU - Johnston, Carol A.
AU - Ghioca, Dana M.
AU - Tulbure, Mirela
AU - Bedford, Barbara L.
AU - Bourdaghs, Michael
AU - Frieswyk, Christin B.
AU - Vaccaro, Lynn
AU - Zedler, Joy B.
T2 - Ecological Applications
AB - Emergent plants can be suitable indicators of anthropogenic stress in coastal wetlands if their responses to natural environmental variation can be parsed from their responses to human activities in and around wetlands. We used hierarchical partitioning to evaluate the independent influence of geomorphology, geography, and anthropogenic stress on common wetland plants of the U.S. Great Lakes coast and developed multi‐taxa models indicating wetland condition. A seven‐taxon model predicted condition relative to watershed‐derived anthropogenic stress, and a four‐taxon model predicted condition relative to within‐wetland anthropogenic stressors that modified hydrology. The Great Lake on which the wetlands occurred explained an average of about half the variation in species cover, and subdividing the data by lake allowed us to remove that source of variation. We developed lake‐specific multi‐taxa models for all of the Great Lakes except Lake Ontario, which had no plant species with significant independent effects of anthropogenic stress. Plant responses were both positive (increasing cover with stress) and negative (decreasing cover with stress), and plant taxa incorporated into the lake‐specific models differed by Great Lake. The resulting models require information on only a few taxa, rather than all plant species within a wetland, making them easier to implement than existing indicators.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1890/07-1207.1
VL - 18
IS - 4
SP - 983-1001
SN - 1051-0761
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1207.1
KW - carex
KW - dikes
KW - emergent
KW - fen
KW - floristic quality
KW - Great Lakes
KW - hydrologic modification
KW - invasive plants
KW - land use
KW - lemnids
KW - marsh
KW - Typha
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Assessing the use of multiseason QuickBird imagery for mapping invasive species in a Lake Erie coastal Marsh
AU - Ghioca-Robrecht, Dana M.
AU - Johnston, Carol A.
AU - Tulbure, Mirela G.
T2 - Wetlands
DA - 2008/12//
PY - 2008/12//
DO - 10.1672/08-34.1
VL - 28
IS - 4
SP - 1028-1039
J2 - Wetlands
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0277-5212 1943-6246
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/08-34.1
DB - Crossref
KW - Phragmites
KW - remote sensing
KW - Typha
KW - wetland mapping
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Effect of interannual and interdecadal climate oscillations on groundwater in North Carolina
AU - Anderson, William P., Jr.
AU - Emanuel, Ryan E.
T2 - Geophysical Research Letters
AB - Multi‐year climate oscillations such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) affect precipitation and stream discharge rates in the western hemisphere. While inferences may be drawn between these hydroclimatological relationships and groundwater conditions, few studies explicitly link groundwater conditions to these cycles. Here we investigate relationships between winter ENSO, PDO, and lagging baseflow rates in the southeastern United States. We find strong correlation between winter ENSO and lagged baseflow in coastal North Carolina which, coupled with anomalies in mean baseflow, decrease with distance inland from the coast. Our results demonstrate that interannual and interdecadal climate oscillations in the Pacific Ocean have a strong effect on hydrological processes in eastern North America despite filtering by the groundwater flow process. These results have implications for water resource availability in regions where water management is complicated by population growth and climatic uncertainty.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1029/2008GL036054
VL - 35
IS - 23
UR - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000261471200007&KeyUID=WOS:000261471200007
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Developing successful tree ordinances
AU - Bardon, R.E.
AU - Megalos, M.A.
AU - Graul, A.L.
AU - Miller, K.T.
A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
M1 - AG-693
M3 - Agricultural Publication
PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University
SN - AG-693
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Who is responsible for the trees? A citizens’ guide to trees in the community
AU - Bardon, R.E.
AU - King, B.A.
A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
M1 - AG-696
M3 - Agricultural Publication
PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University
SN - AG-696
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - A biomass and bioenergy glossary for forest landowners
AU - Bardon, R.E.
A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
M1 - WB-0001
M3 - Extension Forestry Factsheet
PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University
SN - WB-0001
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Minimizing wildfire risk with biomass harvesting
AU - Bardon, R.E.
AU - Megalos, M.A.
A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
M1 - WB-0009
M3 - Extension Forestry Factsheet
PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University
SN - WB-0009
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Protecting and retaining trees: A guide for municipalities and counties in North Carolina
AU - King, B.A.
AU - Bardon, R.E.
A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
M1 - AG-705
M3 - Agricultural Publication
PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University
SN - AG-705
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Practicing forestry under local regulations: A Guide for Landowners
AU - Bardon, R.E.
AU - King, B.A.
AU - Megalos, M.A.
A3 - Southern Regional Extension Forestry
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
M1 - SREF-FM-013
M3 - Technical Bulletin
PB - Southern Regional Extension Forestry
SN - SREF-FM-013
UR - http://www.sref.info/regionalpublications/SREF-FM-013.
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Evaluating wood energy users in North Carolina and the potential for using ...
AU - Hazel, Dennis
AU - Bardon, Robert
T2 - Forest Product Journal
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 58
IS - 5
SP - 34-39
UR - http://proxying.lib.ncsu.edu/index.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true{\&}db=bth{\&}AN=32508393{\&}site=ehost-live{\&}scope=site
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The SOHARC Model System for Growth and Yield of Southern Hardwoods
AU - McTague, J.P.
AU - O'Loughlin, D.
AU - Roise, J.P.
AU - Robison, D.J.
T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 32
IS - 4
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Do secondary compounds inhibit microbial- and insect-mediated leaf breakdown in a tropical rainforest stream, Costa Rica?
AU - Ardón, M.
AU - Pringle, C.M.
T2 - Oecologia
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1007/s00442-007-0913-x
VL - 155
IS - 2
SP - 311-323
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-39249084360&partnerID=MN8TOARS
KW - decomposition
KW - tannins
KW - lignin
KW - ergosterol
KW - fungi
KW - bacteria
KW - collector-gatherers
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Using student owned computing and tablet PCs to teach engineering problem solving using Excel and VBA to Textile Students
AU - Joines, J.A.
AU - Pasquinelli, M.A.
C2 - 2008/8//
C3 - Proceedings of the Textiles Futures Conference
DA - 2008/8//
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Simulated effects of climate change, fragmentation, and inter-specific competition on tree species migration in northern Wisconsin, USA
AU - Scheller, Robert M.
AU - Mladenoff, David J.
T2 - CLIMATE RESEARCH
AB - CR Climate Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials CR 36:191-202 (2008) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00745 Simulated effects of climate change, fragmentation, and inter-specific competition on tree species migration in northern Wisconsin, USA Robert M. Scheller1,2,*, David J. Mladenoff1 1Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA 2Present address: Conservation Biology Institute, 136 SW Washington, Suite 202, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA *Email: rmscheller@consbio.org ABSTRACT: The reproductive success, growth, and mortality rates of tree species in the northern United States will be differentially affected by projected climate change over the next century. As a consequence, the spatial distributions of tree species will expand or contract at differential rates. In addition, human fragmentation of the landscape may limit effective seed dispersal, and inter-specific competition may limit the migration of climate-adapted species, restraining the rate of tree species migration. If the northward migration of tree species adapted to a warmer climate lags behind the rate of climatic change, overall growth rates and aboveground biomass of northern forests may be significantly reduced relative to their potential. We used a spatially interactive forest landscape model, LANDIS-II, that simulates tree species establishment, growth, mortality, succession, and disturbance. We simulated multiple scenarios of disturbance and climatic change across a ~15000 km2 forested landscape in northwestern Wisconsin, USA. These simulations were used to estimate changes in aboveground live biomass and the spatial distribution of 22 tree species. We observed a reduction in aboveground live biomass relative to the potential biomass for the combined soils and changing climate. We regressed the reduction of potential aboveground biomass against a measure of fragmentation, the initial biomass for 22 tree species, and soil water holding capacity calculated at 3 spatial resolutions. We also regressed the range expansion of 3 individual tree species that are expected to expand their distributions against the same variables. Species migration and range expansion were negatively correlated with fragmentation both in total and for 2 of the 3 species examined in detail. The initial abundances of some tree species were also significant predictors of species migration and range expansion and indicate significant competition between existing species assemblages and more southerly species that are expected to migrate north. In conclusion, the aboveground biomass of northern forests may be limited by interactions among climate change, interspecific competition, and fragmentation. KEY WORDS: Climate change · Forest fragmentation · Interspecific competition · Carbon storage · LANDIS-II · Tree species range expansion · Tree species migration Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Scheller RM, Mladenoff DJ (2008) Simulated effects of climate change, fragmentation, and inter-specific competition on tree species migration in northern Wisconsin, USA. Clim Res 36:191-202. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00745 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in CR Vol. 36, No. 3. Online publication date: June 24, 2008 Print ISSN: 0936-577X; Online ISSN: 1616-1572 Copyright © 2008 Inter-Research.
DA - 2008/6/24/
PY - 2008/6/24/
DO - 10.3354/cr00745
VL - 36
IS - 3
SP - 191-202
SN - 0936-577X
KW - climate change
KW - forest fragmentation
KW - interspecific competition
KW - carbon storage
KW - LANDIS-II
KW - tree species range expansion
KW - tree species migration
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - The potential futures of Wisconsin forested landscapes
AU - Scheller, R.M.
AU - Mladenoff, D.J.
T2 - The vanishing present: Ecological change in Wisconsin
A2 - Waller, D.M.
A2 - T.P. Rooney,
AB - Abstract Chapters 5–7 showed that Wisconsin's forests have changed in many different ways, reflecting shifts in climate, variable soils, the migration of species following glaciation, natural disturbances, past and current logging, fragmentation from roads, and continuing shifts in human land use. Forest ecologists, historians, and sociologists use data from many sources to infer how Great Lakes states forests have changed and how these changes reflect broader geographic and historical contexts. In this era of global environmental change, can we use the past to anticipate and understand the future? Or will future changes be unique and unpredictable? The chapter grapples with these questions as it tries to imagine Wisconsin's forests 100 years from now, exploring the consequences of factors like population growth and climate change.
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.7208/chicago/9780226871745.003.0031
PB - Chicago : University of Chicago Press
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Simulation of forest change in the New Jersey Pine Barrens under current and pre-colonial conditions
AU - Scheller, Robert M.
AU - Van Tuyl, Steve
AU - Clark, Kenneth
AU - Hayden, Nicholas G.
AU - Hom, John
AU - Mladenoff, David J.
T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
AB - Changes in land use patterns in and around forests, including rural development and road building, have occurred throughout the United States and are accelerating in many areas. As a result, there have been significant departures from ‘natural’ or pre-settlement disturbance regimes. Altered disturbance regimes can shift composition and dominance in tree species communities, potentially affecting ecosystem functioning. We examined the potential consequences of various forest management practices and forest fragmentation on tree community composition. Both forest management and fragmentation are changing as land use changes within the New Jersey Pine Barrens (NJPB). The NJPB has and is continuing to experience rapid rural development and urbanization that are altering the types, frequency, and intensity of forest management, and are increasing forest fragmentation. In the NJPB, the size and frequency of wildfires have declined and the use of prescribed fires is limited to a small portion of the landscape. In addition, the expansion of roads and decline in total forested area – two common measures of fragmentation – may impede the ability of tree species to colonize available habitat. To assess the consequences of fire management and fragmentation on fire regimes and forest communities, we simulated forest landscape change using LANDIS-II, a stochastic, spatially dynamic forest succession model that simulates the growth of tree species cohorts (defined by species and age), dispersal and colonization, and mortality. Simulated fires are sensitive to fuel loads and fuel load continuity. We constructed scenarios to mimic the pre-colonial contiguous landscape with an estimated pre-colonial fire regime; scenarios of the current day landscape with current and potential fire management; and scenarios designed to highlight the effects of fragmentation. Our simulations indicate that relative to the pre-colonial landscape and fire regime, the landscape is changing from a pine-dominated to an oak-dominated state. However, within areas where prescribed burning remains a viable management option, a doubling of the mean annual area that is managed with prescribed burns may substantially push the system back towards pre-colonial conditions, although oaks will continue to retain a higher than pre-colonial dominance. Our results also indicate that aside from a reduction in the potential fire sizes, fragmentation does not appear to substantially alter forest successional dynamics. In summary, our simulations estimate the departure from pre-colonial conditions and indicate the potential for a limited restoration of these conditions.
DA - 2008/4/5/
PY - 2008/4/5/
DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.11.025
VL - 255
IS - 5-6
SP - 1489-1500
SN - 0378-1127
KW - forest simulation model
KW - fire management
KW - forest fragmentation
KW - wildland-urban interface
KW - new jersey pine barrens
KW - prescribed burning
KW - natural range of variability
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Fire-induced changes in green-up and leaf maturity of the Canadian boreal forest
AU - Peckham, Scott D.
AU - Ahl, Douglas E.
AU - Serbin, Shawn P.
AU - Gower, Stith T.
T2 - REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
AB - Recent studies of vegetation phenology of northern forests using satellite data suggest that the observed earlier spring increase and peak amplitude of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are a result of climate warming. In addition to undergoing an increase in temperature, the northern forests of Canada have also seen a dramatic increase in area burned by wildfire over the same time period. Using the Canadian Large Fire Database, we analyzed the impact fire had on the phenological dates derived from fitting a logistical model to yearly data from 2004 for several different subsets of both AVHRR-NDVI and MODIS LAI in wildfire dominated terrestrial ecozones. Fire had a significant but complex effect on estimated phenology dates. The most recently burned areas (1994–2003) had later green-up dates in two ecozones for AVHRR data and all ecozones for MODIS. However, older forested (not burned during 1980–2003) had estimated green-up dates 1 to 9 days earlier than the entire forested area in the MODIS LAI data. These data corroborate studies in Canada and demonstrate that fire history is influencing boreal forest phenology and growing season LAI.
DA - 2008/9/15/
PY - 2008/9/15/
DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.04.016
VL - 112
IS - 9
SP - 3594-3603
SN - 1879-0704
KW - leaf area index
KW - fire disturbance
KW - phenology
KW - modeling
KW - normalized difference vegetation index
KW - boreal forest
KW - Canada
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Are horses responsible for introducing non-native plants along forest trails in the eastern United States?
AU - Gower, Stith T.
T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
AB - Non-native plant species pose a serious ecological and economic threat to managed and natural ecosystems; therefore, there is a great need to identify sources for the introduction of non-native species and develop management plans to reduce or eliminate their introduction. Horses have been suggested to be an important source for the introduction of non-native plant species along trails, but the conclusions were based on anecdotal evidence. In this study, horse hay, manure, and hoof debris samples were collected from 12 to 24 horses at five endurance ride events in North Carolina, Kentucky, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan. One sub-sample of each material from each horse was sown in pots and grown under ideal conditions to determine if horse hay, manure, and hoof debris samples contained seeds from non-native species. A second sub-sample of each material from each horse was placed back on their respective trail to determine what plants would germinate and establish on the trail. Vegetation surveys were also conducted along 50 m transects perpendicular to horse and hiking (horses not permitted) trails at three of the five sites to compare species composition of native and non-native plant species. On average, non-native plant species germinated in 5.2% of the hay samples in the pots, but non-native species did not germinate from the manure or hoof debris samples. Only 3 of the 288 (≈1% of total samples) hay, manure, and hoof debris plots established on horse trails at the five sites contained plants, all of which were native plants, at the end of the first growing season and no plants were observed at the end of the second growing season. Non-native species composition and percent of total plants species did not differ significantly (p = 0.56) between horse and non-horse trails, and non-native plant species were only found within 2 m of the trail. The results of this and another study [Campbell, J.E., Gibson, D.J., 2001. The effect of seeds of exotic species transported vie horse dung on vegetation along trail corridors. Plant Ecology 157, 23–35] demonstrate that horse hay and manure does contain seeds of non-native plant species, but native and non-native plant species rarely become established on horse trails because of the harsh environmental conditions. Management and policy implication of this study are discussed.
DA - 2008/8/20/
PY - 2008/8/20/
DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.012
VL - 256
IS - 5
SP - 997-1003
SN - 1872-7042
KW - invasive plants
KW - horses
KW - trails
KW - manure
KW - hay
KW - forests
KW - disturbance
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Response of soil surface CO2 flux in a boreal forest to ecosystem warming
AU - Bronson, Dustin R.
AU - Gower, Stith T.
AU - Tanner, Myron
AU - Linder, Sune
AU - Van Herk, Ingrid
T2 - GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
AB - Abstract Soil surface carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) flux ( R S ) was measured for 2 years at the Boreal Soil and Air Warming Experiment site near Thompson, MB, Canada. The experimental design was a complete random block design that consisted of four replicate blocks, with each block containing a 15 m × 15 m control and heated plot. Black spruce [ Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] was the overstory species and Epilobium angustifolium was the dominant understory. Soil temperature was maintained (∼5 °C) above the control soil temperature using electric cables inside water filled polyethylene tubing for each heated plot. Air inside a 7.3‐m‐diameter chamber, centered in the soil warming plot, contained approximately nine black spruce trees was heated ∼5 °C above control ambient air temperature allowing for the testing of soil‐only warming and soil+air warming. Soil surface CO 2 flux ( R S ) was positively correlated ( P < 0.0001) to soil temperature at 10 cm depth. Soil surface CO 2 flux ( R S ) was 24% greater in the soil‐only warming than the control in 2004, but was only 11% greater in 2005, while R S in the soil+air warming treatments was 31% less than the control in 2004 and 23% less in 2005. Live fine root mass (< 2 mm diameter) was less in the heated than control treatments in 2004 and statistically less ( P < 0.01) in 2005. Similar root mass between the two heated treatments suggests that different heating methods (soil‐only vs. soil+air warming) can affect the rate of decomposition.
DA - 2008/4//
PY - 2008/4//
DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01508.x
VL - 14
IS - 4
SP - 856-867
SN - 1365-2486
KW - black spruce
KW - carbon cycling
KW - climate change
KW - global warming
KW - Picea mariana
KW - Q(10)
KW - soil CO2 flux
KW - soil temperature acclimation
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Differences in sediment organic matter composition and PAH weathering between non-vegetated and recently vegetated fuel oiled sediments
AU - Gregory, Samuel T., III
AU - Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie
T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION
AB - We examined polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) attenuation in contaminated field sediments after only 2 years of plant growth. We collected sediments from vegetated and non-vegetated areas at the Indiana Harbor Canal (IHC), an industrialized area with historic petroleum contamination of soils and sediments. PAH concentrations, PAH weathering indices, and organic matter composition in sediments colonized by Phragmites, cattails, or willow trees were compared to the same indices for non-vegetated sediments. We hypothesized that bulk sediment and humin fractions with measurable increases in plant organic matter content would show measurable changes to PAH attenuation as indicated by more weathered PAH diagnostic ratios or reduced PAH concentrations. Carbon-normalized PAH concentrations were lower in vegetated bulk sediments but higher in vegetated humin fractions relative to non-vegetated sediment fractions. Total organic carbon content was not indicative of more weathered N3/P2 ratios or reduced PAH concentrations in vegetated sediment fractions. More weathered N3/P2 ratios were observed with increased modern carbon (plant carbon) content of vegetated sediment fractions. Phragmites sediments contained more modern carbon (plant carbon) and more weathered PAH ratios [C3-naphthalenes and C2-phenanthrenes (N3/P2)] than willow, cattail, and non-vegetated sediments.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1080/15226510802114862
VL - 10
IS - 6
SP - 473-485
SN - 1549-7879
KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
KW - C-14 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)
KW - Phragmites
KW - cattails
KW - willow trees
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Decomposition and fragmentation of coarse woody debris: Re-visiting a boreal black spruce chronosequence
AU - Bond-Lamberty, Ben
AU - Gower, Stith T.
T2 - ECOSYSTEMS
DA - 2008/9//
PY - 2008/9//
DO - 10.1007/s10021-008-9163-y
VL - 11
IS - 6
SP - 831-840
SN - 1435-0629
KW - coarse woody debris
KW - boreal forest
KW - decomposition
KW - fragmentation
KW - snag failure
KW - black spruce
KW - chronosequence
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Carbon allocation in boreal black spruce forests across regions varying in soil temperature and precipitation
AU - Vogel, Jason G.
AU - Bond-Lamberty, Ben P.
AU - Schuur, Edward A. G.
AU - Gower, Stith T.
AU - Mack, Michelle C.
AU - Kari E. B. O'Connell,
AU - Valentine, David W.
AU - Ruess, Roger W.
T2 - GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
AB - Abstract A common hypothesis for northern ecosystems is that low soil temperatures inhibit plant productivity. To address this hypothesis, we reviewed how separate components of ecosystem carbon (C) cycling varied along a soil temperature gradient for nine well‐drained, relatively productive boreal black spruce ( Picea mariana Mill. [B.S.P.]) forests in Alaska, USA, and Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. Annual soil temperature [expressed as soil summed degree days (SDD)] was positively correlated with aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), while negatively correlated with total belowground carbon flux (TBCF). The partitioning of C to ANPP at the expense of root processes represented a nearly 1 : 1 tradeoff across the soil temperature gradient, which implied that the amount of C cycling through these black spruce ecosystems was relatively insensitive to variation in SDD. Moreover, the rate at which C accumulated in the ecosystem since the last stand replacing fire was unrelated to SDD, but SDD was positively correlated to the ratio of spruce‐biomass : forest‐floor‐mass. Thus, plant partitioning of C and the distribution of ecosystem C were apparently affected by soil temperature, although across regions, precipitation co‐varied with soil temperature. These two factors likely correlated with one another because of precipitation's influence on soil heat balance, suggesting that a soil temperature–precipitation interaction could be responsible for the shifts in C allocation. Nonetheless, our results highlight that for this boreal ecosystem, ANPP and TBCF can be negatively correlated. In tropical and temperate forests, TBCF and ANPP have been reported as positively correlated, and our results may reflect the unique interactions between soil temperature, forest floor accumulation, rooting depth, and nutrient availability that characterize the black spruce forest type.
DA - 2008/7//
PY - 2008/7//
DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01600.x
VL - 14
IS - 7
SP - 1503-1516
SN - 1354-1013
KW - allocation
KW - biomass
KW - black spruce
KW - boreal
KW - carbon
KW - productivity
KW - respiration
KW - root
KW - soil
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Transgenes and Transgressions: Scientific Dissent as Heterogeneous Practice
AU - Delborne, J.A.
T2 - Social Studies of Science
AB - Although scholars in science and technology studies have explored many dynamics and consequences of scientific controversy, no coherent theory of scientific dissent has emerged. This paper proposes the elements of such a framework, based on understanding scientific dissent as a set of heterogeneous practices. I use the controversy over the presence of transgenic DNA in Mexican maize in the early 2000s to point to a processual model of scientific dissent. `Contrarian science' includes knowledge claims that challenge the dominant scientific trajectory, but need not necessarily lead to dissent. `Impedance' represents efforts to undermine the credibility of contrarian science (or contrarian scientists) and may originate within or outside of the scientific community. In the face of impedance, contrarian scientists may become dissenters. The actions of the scientist at the center of the case study, Professor Ignacio Chapela of the University of California, Berkeley, demonstrate particular practices of scientific dissent, ranging from `agonistic engagement' to `dissident science'. These practices speak not only to functional strategies of winning scientific debate, but also to attempts to reconfigure relations among scientists, publics, institutions, and politics that order knowledge production.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1177/0306312708089716
VL - 38
IS - 4
SP - 509–41
SN - 1460-3659
N1 - winner of 2010 David Edge Prize, Society for Social Studies of Science (4S)
RN - winner of 2010 David Edge Prize, Society for Social Studies of Science (4S)
KW - agricultural biotechnology
KW - contrarian science
KW - dissident science
KW - genetically modified crops
KW - transgene flow
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Beyond the Precautionary Principle in Progressive Politics: Toward the Social Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms
AU - Kleinman, D.L.
AU - Delborne, J.A.
AU - Autry, R.
T2 - Tailoring Biotechnologies
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 4
IS - 1/2
SP - 41–54
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Genetically Modified Organisms
AU - Delborne, J.
AU - Kinchy, A. J.
T2 - Battleground: Science and Technology
A2 - Restivo, Sal
A2 - Denton, Peter H.
PY - 2008///
SP - 182-95
PB - Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press
SN - 9780313341649
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The case of the missing marmots: Are metapopulation dynamics or range-wide declines responsible?
AU - Griffin, Suzanne C.
AU - Taper, Mark L.
AU - Hoffman, Roger
AU - Mills, L. Scott
T2 - BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
AB - In the mid-1990s, anecdotal reports of Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus) disappearances from historically occupied locations suggested that the species might be declining. Concern was heightened by the precipitous decline of the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis), coupled with reports that climate change was affecting other high-elevation species. However, it was unclear whether the Olympic marmot was declining or undergoing natural extinctions and recolonizations; distinguishing between normal metapopulation processes and population declines in naturally fragmented species can be difficult. From 2002–2006, we used multiple approaches to evaluate the population status of the Olympic marmot. We surveyed sites for which there were records indicating regular occupancy in the later half of the 20th century and we conducted range-wide surveys of open high-elevation habitat to establish current and recent distribution. We used these targeted and general habitat surveys to identify locations and regions that have undergone extinctions or colonizations in the past 1–4 decades. Simultaneously, we conducted detailed demographic studies, using marked and radio-tagged marmots, to estimate the observed and projected current population growth rate at nine locations. The habitat surveys indicate that local extinctions have been wide-spread, while no recolonizations were detected. Abundance at most intensive study sites declined from 2002–2006 and the demographic data indicate that these local declines are ongoing. Adult female survival in particular is considerably lower than it was historically. The spatial pattern of the extinctions is inconsistent with observed metapopulation dynamics in other marmot species and, together with very low observed dispersal rates, indicates that population is not at equilibrium.
DA - 2008/5//
PY - 2008/5//
DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.03.001
VL - 141
IS - 5
SP - 1293-1309
SN - 1873-2917
KW - Marmota olympus
KW - metapopulation dynamics
KW - Olympic marmot
KW - Olympic National Park
KW - non-equilibrium dynamics
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Designing fecal pellet surveys for snowshoe hares
AU - Hodges, K. E.
AU - Mills, L. S.
T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
AB - Index methods can be valuable for monitoring forest-dwelling vertebrates over broad spatial or temporal scales. Fecal pellet counts are often used as an index of density or habitat use of snowshoe hares, Lepus americanus, but previous surveys have used different plot types and sample sizes, leading to problems comparing results from different studies and questions about the inferential power of each study. In this paper, we use field data and simulations to examine how the precision, bias, and efficiency of four commonly used plot types vary with plot type, pellet density, and sample size. Although no one plot type was consistently superior, we recommend thin rectangles (5.08 cm × 305 cm (2 in. × 10 ft), 0.155 m2) or 1 m2 circles over 0.155 m2 circles or 10 cm × 10 m (1 m2) rectangles. We recommend that researchers explicitly address the power of their survey design to detect different pellet densities, because much larger sample sizes are needed at low pellet densities than at high pellet densities to obtain similar precision. Small sample sizes are also much more likely to be biased, which could lead to incorrect inferences about management of snowshoe hare populations. Both uncleared and cleared plots performed well and will have value in different research contexts.
DA - 2008/11/20/
PY - 2008/11/20/
DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.07.015
VL - 256
IS - 11
SP - 1918-1926
SN - 1872-7042
KW - Abundance index
KW - Fecal pellet plots
KW - Lepus americanus
KW - Monte Carlo simulations
KW - Negative binomial
KW - Snowshoe hare
KW - Survey design
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Susceptibility to Phytophthora ramorum in a key infectious host: landscape variation in host genotype, host phenotype, and environmental factors
AU - Anacker, Brian L.
AU - Rank, Nathan E.
AU - Huberli, Daniel
AU - Garbelotto, Matteo
AU - Gordon, Sarah
AU - Harnik, Tami
AU - Whitkus, Richard
AU - Meentemeyer, Ross
T2 - NEW PHYTOLOGIST
AB - • Sudden oak death is an emerging forest disease caused by the invasive pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Genetic and environmental factors affecting susceptibility to P. ramorum in the key inoculum-producing host tree Umbellularia californica (bay laurel) were examined across a heterogeneous landscape in California, USA. • Laboratory susceptibility trials were conducted on detached leaves and assessed field disease levels for 97 host trees from 12 225-m2 plots. Genotype and phenotype characteristics were assessed for each tree. Effects of plot-level environmental conditions (understory microclimate, amount of solar radiation and topographic moisture potential) on disease expression were also evaluated. • Susceptibility varied significantly among U. californica trees, with a fivefold difference in leaf lesion size. Lesion size was positively related to leaf area, but not to other phenotypic traits or to field disease level. Genetic diversity was structured at three spatial scales, but primarily among individuals within plots. Lesion size was significantly related to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, but local environment explained most variation in field disease level. • Thus, substantial genetic variation in susceptibility to P. ramorum occurs in its principal foliar host U. californica, but local environment mediates expression of susceptibility in nature.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02297.x
VL - 177
IS - 3
SP - 756-766
SN - 1469-8137
KW - amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)
KW - disease susceptibility
KW - landscape epidemiology
KW - oomycete
KW - plant-pathogen interaction
KW - sporangia
KW - sudden oak death
KW - Umbellularia californica
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Optimising methods for monitoring programs: Olympic marmots as a case study
AU - Witczuk, Julia
AU - Pagacz, Stanislaw
AU - Mills, L. Scott
T2 - WILDLIFE RESEARCH
AB - Monitoring of rare and declining species is one of the most important tasks of wildlife managers. Here we present a large-scale, long-term monitoring program for Olympic marmot (Marmota olympus) throughout its range across a logistically challenging mountainous park. Our multiple-stage process of survey design accounts for the difficulty imposed by access to remote habitats and funding constraints. The Olympic marmot is endemic to the Olympic Mountains, Washington State, USA. Although nearly all of its range is enclosed within Olympic National Park, declines and local extirpations of the species have been documented. We considered several possible alternative survey approaches, and propose a monitoring program designed to reflect extinction–recolonisation dynamics using presence–absence data. The sampling design is based on annual surveys of a set of at least 25 randomly selected clusters (closely located groups of sites with record of current or historical occupancy by marmots), and supplemented by sampling 15 never-occupied sites to test for new colonisations. The monitoring plan provides a framework that park managers can use for assessing changes over time in Olympic marmot distribution across the range of the species. Our sampling design may serve as a useful case study for establishing monitoring programs for other species with clumped distributions.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1071/wr07187
VL - 35
IS - 8
SP - 788-797
SN - 1035-3712
KW - Marmota olympus
KW - occupancy
KW - Olympic National Park
KW - presence-absence
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Multi-scale patterns of human activity and the incidence of an exotic forest pathogen
AU - Cushman, J. Hall
AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K.
T2 - JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
AB - Summary Plant pathogens can have major impacts on diverse taxa and ecological systems world‐wide, and some of the most conspicuous of these are invasive non‐native species. Although many factors are known to influence the distribution and abundance of plant pathogens, the extent to which humans play a role is less well‐known but still critical for understanding the dynamics of invasive pathogens in natural systems. One invasive pathogen of great concern world‐wide is Phytophthora ramorum , which causes Sudden Oak Death, an emerging forest disease. Here, we examined the influence of humans and a range of environmental factors on the distribution of P. ramorum at three distinct spatial scales in northern and central California. At the local scale, P. ramorum more commonly occurred in soil on hiking trails used heavily by humans than in soil from adjacent areas off trails. These results support the hypothesis that humans dispersed the pathogen within already infected areas and into areas lacking local sources of inoculum. At the landscape scale, using a network of 202 randomly located plots across a 275 km 2 area, we found that forests on public land open to recreation exhibited higher prevalence of disease in a critical infectious host tree (bay laurel, Umbellularia californica ), than forests on private lands. Infection levels were also higher in plots surrounded by large amounts of forest with warm climatic conditions and greater potential soil moisture. Although prevalence of diseased canker hosts ( Quercus agrifolia, Q. kelloggii and Lithocarpus densiflora ) was positively associated with dominance of bay laurel and rainy season temperatures, it was not significantly related to public access, and we hypothesize that this occurred because our study area was in the early stages of infection. At the regional scale, the probability of disease occurrence at 165 sites distributed across the geographic range of P. ramorum in California increased significantly as human population density increased in the surrounding area. Chances of infection also increased significantly with precipitation and presence of bay laurel. Synthesis . Our results suggest that human activity – along with temperature, moisture and host composition – is associated with increased prevalence of an influential exotic forest pathogen. These results indicate that there may be conflicts between humans and disease, and that efforts to address this issue may require aggressive management of human activity.
DA - 2008/7//
PY - 2008/7//
DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01376.x
VL - 96
IS - 4
SP - 766-776
SN - 1365-2745
KW - disease incidence
KW - exotic forest pathogen
KW - foliar and canker hosts
KW - human activity
KW - Phytophthora ramorum
KW - Sudden Oak Death
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Influence of land-cover change on the spread of an invasive forest pathogen
AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K.
AU - Rank, Nathan E.
AU - Anacker, Brian L.
AU - Rizzo, David M.
AU - Cushman, J. Hall
T2 - ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
AB - Human-caused changes in land use and land cover have dramatically altered ecosystems worldwide and may facilitate the spread of infectious diseases. To address this issue, we examined the influence of land-cover changes between 1942 and 2000 on the establishment of an invasive pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum, which causes the forest disease known as Sudden Oak Death. We assessed effects of land-cover change, forest structure, and understory microclimate on measures of inoculum load and disease prevalence in 102 15 × 15 m plots within a 275-km2 region in northern California. Within a 150 m radius area around each plot, we mapped types of land cover (oak woodland, chaparral, grassland, vineyard, and development) in 1942 and 2000 using detailed aerial photos. During this 58-year period, oak woodlands significantly increased in area by 25%, while grassland and chaparral decreased by 34% and 51%, respectively. Analysis of covariance revealed that vegetation type in 1942 and woodland expansion were significant predictors of pathogen inoculum load in bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), the primary inoculum-producing host for P. ramorum in mixed evergreen forests. Path analysis showed that woodland expansion resulted in larger forests with higher densities of the primary host trees (U. californica, Quercus agrifolia, Q. kelloggii) and cooler understory temperatures. Together, the positive effects of woodland size and negative effects of understory temperature explained significant variation in inoculum load and disease prevalence in bay laurel; host stem density had additional positive effects on inoculum load. We conclude that enlargement of woodlands and closure of canopy gaps, likely due largely to years of fire suppression, facilitated establishment of P. ramorum by increasing the area occupied by inoculum-production foliar hosts and enhancing forest microclimate conditions. Epidemiological studies that incorporate land-use change are rare but may increase understanding of disease dynamics and improve our ability to manage invasive forest pathogens.
DA - 2008/1//
PY - 2008/1//
DO - 10.1890/07-0232.1
VL - 18
IS - 1
SP - 159-171
SN - 1939-5582
KW - fire suppression
KW - forest microclunate
KW - landscape epidemiology
KW - path analysis
KW - Phytophthora ramorum
KW - simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) modeling
KW - Sudden Oak Death
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Impact of sudden oak death on tree mortality in the Big Sur ecoregion of California
AU - Meentemeyer, R. K.
AU - Rank, N. E.
AU - Shoemaker, D. A.
AU - Oneal, C. B.
AU - Wickland, A. C.
AU - Frangioso, K. M.
AU - Rizzo, D. M.
T2 - BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
DA - 2008/12//
PY - 2008/12//
DO - 10.1007/s10530-007-9199-5
VL - 10
IS - 8
SP - 1243-1255
SN - 1573-1464
KW - Big Sur
KW - Emerging infectious disease
KW - Forest disease
KW - Invasive species
KW - Landscape epidemiology
KW - Phytophthora ramorum
KW - Plant-pathogen
KW - Tree mortality
KW - Remote sensing
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Early detection of emerging forest disease using dispersal estimation and ecological niche modeling
AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K.
AU - Anacker, Brian L.
AU - Mark, Walter
AU - Rizzo, David M.
T2 - ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
AB - Ecological ApplicationsVolume 18, Issue 2 p. 377-390 Article EARLY DETECTION OF EMERGING FOREST DISEASE USING DISPERSAL ESTIMATION AND ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELING Ross K. Meentemeyer, Corresponding Author Ross K. Meentemeyer [email protected] Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223 USA E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorBrian L. Anacker, Brian L. Anacker Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223 USA Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616 USASearch for more papers by this authorWalter Mark, Walter Mark Department of Natural Resources Management, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407 USASearch for more papers by this authorDavid M. Rizzo, David M. Rizzo Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616 USASearch for more papers by this author Ross K. Meentemeyer, Corresponding Author Ross K. Meentemeyer [email protected] Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223 USA E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorBrian L. Anacker, Brian L. Anacker Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223 USA Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616 USASearch for more papers by this authorWalter Mark, Walter Mark Department of Natural Resources Management, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407 USASearch for more papers by this authorDavid M. Rizzo, David M. Rizzo Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 2008 https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1150.1Citations: 89 Corresponding Editor: S. K. Collinge. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract Distinguishing the manner in which dispersal limitation and niche requirements control the spread of invasive pathogens is important for prediction and early detection of disease outbreaks. Here, we use niche modeling augmented by dispersal estimation to examine the degree to which local habitat conditions vs. force of infection predict invasion of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of the emerging infectious tree disease sudden oak death. We sampled 890 field plots for the presence of P. ramorum over a three-year period (2003–2005) across a range of host and abiotic conditions with variable proximities to known infections in California, USA. We developed and validated generalized linear models of invasion probability to analyze the relative predictive power of 12 niche variables and a negative exponential dispersal kernel estimated by likelihood profiling. Models were developed incrementally each year (2003, 2003–2004, 2003–2005) to examine annual variability in model parameters and to create realistic scenarios for using models to predict future infections and to guide early-detection sampling. Overall, 78 new infections were observed up to 33.5 km from the nearest known site of infection, with slightly increasing rates of prevalence across time windows (2003, 6.5%; 2003–2004, 7.1%; 2003–2005, 9.6%). The pathogen was not detected in many field plots that contained susceptible host vegetation. The generalized linear modeling indicated that the probability of invasion is limited by both dispersal and niche constraints. Probability of invasion was positively related to precipitation and temperature in the wet season and the presence of the inoculum-producing foliar host Umbellularia californica and decreased exponentially with distance to inoculum sources. Models that incorporated niche and dispersal parameters best predicted the locations of new infections, with accuracies ranging from 0.86 to 0.90, suggesting that the modeling approach can be used to forecast locations of disease spread. Application of the combined niche plus dispersal models in a geographic information system predicted the presence of P. ramorum across ∼8228 km2 of California's 84 785 km2 (9.7%) of land area with susceptible host species. This research illustrates how probabilistic modeling can be used to analyze the relative roles of niche and dispersal limitation in controlling the distribution of invasive pathogens. Citing Literature Volume18, Issue22008Pages 377-390 RelatedInformation
DA - 2008/3//
PY - 2008/3//
DO - 10.1890/07-1150.1
VL - 18
IS - 2
SP - 377-390
SN - 1939-5582
KW - dispersal kernel
KW - early detection
KW - ecological niche modeling
KW - emerging infectious disease
KW - invasive species
KW - landscape epidemiology
KW - Phytophthora ramorum
KW - sudden oak death
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Crossing disciplines for endangered Species (review of Scott, J. Michael, Dale D. Goble, and Frank W. Davis, editors. 2006. The Endangered Species Act at thirty. Conserving Biodiversity in Human-dominated Landscape)
AU - Mills, L. S.
T2 - Ecology
AB - EcologyVolume 89, Issue 2 p. 592-593 Book Review Scott, Goble, and Davis — The Endangered Species Act at thirty. Conserving Biodiversity in Human-dominated Landscapes. Volume 2 CROSSING DISCIPLINES FOR ENDANGERED SPECIES L. Scott Mills, L. Scott Mills University of Montana, Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, College of Forestry and Conservation, Missoula, Montana 59812 E-mail: lscott.mills@montana.eduSearch for more papers by this author L. Scott Mills, L. Scott Mills University of Montana, Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, College of Forestry and Conservation, Missoula, Montana 59812 E-mail: lscott.mills@montana.eduSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 February 2008 https://doi.org/10.1890/BR08-11.1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume89, Issue2February 2008Pages 592-593 RelatedInformation
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1890/br08-11.1
VL - 89
SP - 592-593
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Status of ex situ conservation efforts for eastern and Carolina hemlock in the southeastern United States
AU - Jetton, R.M.
AU - Whittier, W.A.
AU - Dvorak, W.S.
AU - Potter, K.M.
C2 - 2008///
C3 - Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
DA - 2008///
SP - 81-89
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Getting there from here: Can we deliberately foster cultural change for the common good?
AU - Beratan, K.
C2 - 2008///
C3 - Proceedings, Society for Anthropological Sciences Annual Meeting, 2008, New Orleans, LA
DA - 2008///
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Stand improvement cutting in natural stands of temperate hardwood forests
AU - Frederick, D.
AU - Donoso, P.
T2 - SAF forest encyclopedia
PY - 2008///
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Why don't our stands grow even faster? Control of production and carbon cycling in eucalypt plantations
AU - Ryan, M. G.
AU - Binkley, D.
AU - Stape, J. L.
T2 - SOUTHERN FORESTS-A JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE
AB - The growth of Eucalyptus stands varies several fold across sites, under the influence of resource availability, stand age and stand structure. We describe a series of related studies that aim to understand the mechanisms that drive this great range in stand growth rates. In a seven-year study in Hawaii of Eucalyptus saligna at a site that was not water limited, we showed that nutrient availability differences led to a two-fold difference in stand wood production. Increasing nutrient supply in mid-rotation raised productivity to the level attained in continuously fertilised plots. Fertility affected the age-related decline in wood and foliage production; production in the intensive fertility treatments declined more slowly than in the minimal fertility treatments. The decline in stem production was driven largely by a decline in canopy photosynthesis. Over time, the fraction of canopy photosynthesis partitioned to below-ground allocation increased, as did foliar respiration, further reducing wood production. The reason for the decline in photosynthesis was uncertain, but it was not caused by nutrient limitation, a decline in leaf area or in photosynthetic capacity, or by hydraulic limitation. Most of the increase in carbon stored from conversion of the sugarcane plantation to Eucalyptus plantation was in the above-ground woody biomass. Soil carbon showed no net change. This study and other studies on carbon allocation showed that resource availability changes the fraction of annual photosynthesis used below-ground and for wood production. High resources (nutrition or water) decrease the partitioning below-ground and increase partitioning to wood production. Annual foliage and wood respiration and foliage production as a fraction of annual photosynthesis was remarkably constant across a wide range of fertility treatments and forest age. In the Brazil Eucalyptus Productivity Project, stand structure was manipulated by planting clonal Eucalyptus all at once or in three groups at three-monthly intervals, producing a stand where trees did not segregate into dominants and one that had strong dominance. The uneven stand structure reduced production 10–15% throughout the rotation.
DA - 2008/8//
PY - 2008/8//
DO - 10.2989/SOUTH.FOR.2008.70.2.5.533
VL - 70
IS - 2
SP - 99-104
SN - 2070-2639
KW - age-related productivity decline
KW - carbon allocation
KW - forest production ecology
KW - nutrition
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Where is biodiversity conservation in local planning?
AU - Miller, J. R.
AU - Groom, M.
AU - Hess, G. R.
AU - Stokes, D. L.
AU - Thomson, J.
AU - Bowman, T.
AU - Fricke, L.
AU - King, B.
AU - Marquadt, R.
T2 - Conservation Biology
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Temperature Responses to Infrared-Loading and Water Table Manipulations in Peatland Mesocosms
AU - Chen, Jiquan
AU - Bridgham, Scott
AU - Keller, Jason
AU - Pastor, John
AU - Noormets, Asko
AU - Weltzin, Jake F.
T2 - JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
AB - We initiated a multi-factor global change experiment to explore the effects of infrared heat loading (HT) and water table level (WL) treatment on soil temperature (T) in bog and fen peatland mesocosms. We found that the temperature varied highly by year, month, peatland type, soil depth, HT and WL manipulations. The highest effect of HT on the temperature at 25 cm depth was found in June for the bog mesocosms (3.34-4.27 degrees C) but in May for the fen mesocosms (2.32-4.33 degrees C) over the 2-year study period. The effects of WL in the bog mesocosms were only found between August and January, with the wet mesocosms warmer than the dry mesocosms by 0.48-2.03 degrees C over the 2-year study period. In contrast, wetter fen mesocosms were generally cooler by 0.16-3.87 degrees C. Seasonal changes of temperatures elevated by the HT also varied by depth and ecosystem type, with temperature differences at 5 cm and 10 cm depth showing smaller seasonal fluctuations than those at 25 cm and 40 cm in the bog mesocosms. However, increased HT did not always lead to warmer soil, especially in the fen mesocosms. Both HT and WL manipulations have also changed the length of the non-frozen season.
DA - 2008/11//
PY - 2008/11//
DO - 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00757.x
VL - 50
IS - 11
SP - 1484-1496
SN - 1672-9072
KW - global change
KW - infrared
KW - mesocosm
KW - peatlands
KW - warming experiment
KW - water table
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Survival and cause-specific mortality of a protected population of river otters in Minnesota
AU - Gorman, Thomas A.
AU - McMillan, Brock R.
AU - Erb, John D.
AU - Deperno, Christopher S.
AU - Martin, Daniel J.
T2 - AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST
AB - Determining causes of mortality and estimating survival rates can provide insight into the status of species for which population trends are not well understood. From Apr. 2002–May 2004 we radio-marked and monitored 39 (13 adult males; 6 subadult males; 8 adult females; 12 subadult females) river otters (Lontra canadensis) in the upper Mississippi River watershed to document causes of mortality, and to evaluate the effects of season, age and sex on survival of river otters in southeastern Minnesota. Further, we assessed the relative importance of demographic parameters to population growth using a projection matrix, which incorporated reproductive data with our observed survival estimates. Human induced mortalities, including accidental captures by fur-harvesters targeting other species (n = 6) and vehicle collisions (n = 1), accounted for the majority of deaths while natural mortality was low (n = 1). Annual survival of females was 0.680 (SE = 0.099) and was 0.946 (SE = 0.052) for adult males. Elasticity of adult female survival was 3.1 times higher than subadult survival, 2.7 times higher than juvenile survival and 2.7 times higher than the sum of elasticity for subadult and adult female reproduction. River otters and other furbearers need to be monitored to assess population status, and management should be responsive to ensure persistence of populations experiencing intentional and/or accidental harvest.
DA - 2008/1//
PY - 2008/1//
DO - 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[98:SACMOA]2.0.CO;2
VL - 159
IS - 1
SP - 98-109
SN - 0003-0031
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Supplemental irrigation and fertilization of Michaux?s sumac may not be a restoration panacea
AU - Braham, R.
AU - Thrush, L.
T2 - Ecological Restoration
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.3368/er.26.4.300
VL - 26
SP - 300-301
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Roles of 5-hydroxyconiferylaldehyde and caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferases in monolignol biosynthesis in Carthamus tinctorius
AU - Nakatsubo, T.
AU - Li, L.
AU - Hattori, T.
AU - Lu, S.
AU - Sakakibara, N.
AU - Chiang, V. L.
AU - Shimada, M.
AU - Suzuki, S.
AU - Umezawa, T.
T2 - Cellulose Chemistry and Technology
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 41
IS - 9-10
SP - 511-520
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Production and carbon allocation in a clonal Eucalyptus plantation with water and nutrient manipulations
AU - Stape, Jose Luiz
AU - Binkley, Dart
AU - Ryan, Michael G.
T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
AB - We examined resource limitations on growth and carbon allocation in a fast-growing, clonal plantation of Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla in Brazil by characterizing responses to annual rainfall, and response to irrigation and fertililization for 2 years. Productivity measures included gross primary production (GPP), total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA), bole growth, and net ecosystem production (NEP). Replicate plots within a single plantation were established at the midpoint of the rotation (end of year 3), with treatments of no additional fertilization or irrigation, heavy fertilization (to remove any nutrient limitation), irrigation (to remove any water limitation), and irrigation plus fertilization. Rainfall was unusually high in the first year (1769 mm) of the experiment, and control plots had high rates of GPP (6.64 kg C m−2 year−1), TBCA (2.14 kg C m−2 year−1), and bole growth (1.81 kg C m−2 year−1). Irrigation increased each of these rates by 15–17%. The second year of the experiment had average rainfall (1210 mm), and lower rainfall decreased production in control plots by 46% (GPP), 52% (TBCA), and 40% (bole growth). Fertilization treatments had neglible effects. The response to irrigation was much greater in the drier year, with irrigated plots exceeding the production in control plots by 83% (GPP), 239% (TBCA), and 24% (bole growth). Even though the rate of irrigation ensured no water limitation to tree growth, the high rainfall year showed higher production in irrigated plots for both GPP (38% greater than in drier year) and bole growth (23% greater). Varying humidity and supplies of water led to a range in NEP of 0.8–2.7 kg C m−2 year−1. This difference between control and irrigated treatments, combined with differences between drier and wetter years, indicated a strong response of these Eucalyptus trees to both water supply and atmospheric humidity during the dry season. The efficiency of converting light energy into fixed carbon ranged from a low of 0.027 mol C to a high of 0.060 mol C per mol of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR), and the efficiency of bolewood production ranged from 0.78 to 1.98 g wood per MJ of APAR. Irrigation increased the efficiency of wood production per unit of water used from 2.55 kg wood m−3 in the rainfed plot to 3.51 kg m−3 in irrigated plots. Detailed information on the response of C budgets to environmental conditions and resource supplies will be necessary for accurate predictions of plantation yields across years and landscapes.
DA - 2008/3/20/
PY - 2008/3/20/
DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.085
VL - 255
IS - 3-4
SP - 920-930
SN - 1872-7042
KW - eucalyptus production
KW - carbon budget
KW - carbon allocation
KW - resource use efficiency
KW - aboveground productivity
KW - carbon sequestration
KW - belowground allocation
KW - soil respiration
KW - irrigation
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Perspectives on tiger conservation in India: A comparison of local and global viewpoints
AU - Sivamani, S.
AU - Turner, M.
AU - DePerno, C.
T2 - Undergraduate Research Journal of North Carolina State University
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 4
SP - 24-33
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Measuring direct impacts of attitudes on the environment using household location choices
AU - Peterson, M. N.
AU - Chen, X.
AU - Liu, J.
T2 - Conservation Biology
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 22
SP - 912-921
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) Management for Restoration of Native Plant Communities
AU - Judge, Caren A.
AU - Neal, Joseph C.
AU - Shear, Theodore H.
T2 - INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT
AB - Japanese stiltgrass is a nonnative invasive grass occupying a range of habitats in the eastern United States. Conventional management recommendations include hand-removal, mowing, or a nonselective herbicide application in autumn prior to flowering. However, no study has directly compared the ecological impacts of long-term management strategies on Japanese stiltgrass populations or recruitment and establishment of native flora. An experiment was initiated in 2002 and continued for three growing seasons in mixed pine-hardwood forests in central North Carolina. Conventional treatments included hand-removal, mowing, or an application of glyphosate (1.1 kg ai/ha) once in autumn, and selective removal by hand or fenoxaprop-P (0.19 kg ai/ha) season-long as needed. All treatments were compared to nontreated plots. Percent vegetation cover by species was recorded twice annually. Data were aggregated into five classes; Japanese stiltgrass, other exotic plants, native forbs, native monocots, and native woody plants. The soil seed bank of all species was estimated annually by extracting soil cores and documenting seedling emergence. All Japanese stiltgrass management treatments significantly reduced Japanese stiltgrass cover and seed bank over time compared to no management. However, recruitment and reestablishment of native plants and overall species richness were greater with selective Japanese stiltgrass management treatments including both hand-removal and fenoxaprop-P. Relative cover of other exotic plants decreased 2% to 49% after 3 yr with all Japanese stiltgrass management treatments except season-long hand-removal, which increased relative cover of other exotic plants 51%.Nomenclature: Japanese stiltgrass, Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus MCGVM.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1614/ipsm-07-011.1
VL - 1
IS - 2
SP - 111-119
SN - 1939-747X
KW - Fenoxaprop-P
KW - glyphosate
KW - invasive
KW - nontarget impacts
KW - soil seed bank
KW - species richness
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Growth of Eucalyptus grandis treated with different doses of wet and dry sewage sludge, conditioned with polymers
AU - Silva, P. H. M.
AU - Poggiani, F.
AU - Goncalves, J. L. M.
AU - Stape, J. L.
AU - Moreira, R. M.
T2 - Scientia Forestalis
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 36
IS - 77
SP - 79-88
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Forest vegetation simulator ingrowth tool: Incorporating Ingrowth Tree Lists into forest simulator growth projections
AU - Arseneault, J. E.
AU - Kershaw, J. A.
AU - McCarter, J. B.
AU - MacLean, D. A.
T2 - Northern Journal of Applied Forestry
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 25
IS - 3
SP - 158-160
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Evapotranspiration estimates from eddy covariance towers and hydrologic modeling in managed forests in Northern Wisconsin, USA
AU - Sun, G.
AU - Noormets, A.
AU - Chen, J.
AU - McNulty, S. G.
T2 - AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
AB - Direct measurement of ecosystem evapotranspiration by the eddy covariance method and simulation modeling were employed to quantify the growing season (May–October) evapotranspiration (ET) of eight forest ecosystems representing a management gradient in dominant forest types and age classes in the Upper Great Lakes Region from 2002 to 2003. We measured net exchange of water vapor fluxes in a 63-year-old mature hardwood (MHW) stand, a 60-year-old mature red pine (MRP) stand, a 3-year-old young hardwood (YHW) stand, a 17-year-old intermediate hardwood (IHW) stand, a young red pine (YRP age 8) stand, an intermediate red pine (IRP age 21) stand, and two pine barren ecosystems burned 12 years (PB1) and 2 years (PB2) ago. Field data suggested that there were no significant differences in growing season (June–September) ET/precipitation ratio among all ecosystems in 2002. However, PB2 had significantly lower ET/precipitation than those of other ecosystems in 2003. The ratios were much higher for all ecosystems, up to 0.90 for IHW, during the peak summer months (June–July). PB2 was the lowest (0.64) during that period. Stand leaf area index alone did not explain ecosystem ET at the landscape scale. Seasonal ET values measured by the eddy covariance method were significantly lower than those simulated with a process-based hydrologic model, MIKE SHE. Our integration approach combined with field measurements and simulation modeling proved to be useful in providing a full picture of the effects of forest cover type change on landscape scale water balance at multiple temporal scales. The ET procedure used in the MIKE SHE model needs improvement to fully account for the effects of vapor pressure deficit on tree transpiration. Seasonal distributions of ET coincided with precipitation in the growing season, when fluxes estimated by both field and models were the highest. The simulation model suggests that removal of conifer forests in the study region may reduce ET immediately by 113–30 mm/year or about 20%, but our field data suggests that ET can recover within 8–25 years from re-growth of hardwood forests.
DA - 2008/2/13/
PY - 2008/2/13/
DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.010
VL - 148
IS - 2
SP - 257-267
SN - 0168-1923
KW - evapotranspiration
KW - eddy covariance
KW - MIKE SHE modeling
KW - management
KW - Wisconsin
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Estamos mas cerca de entender la ascendencia de las poblaciones de la ?variante patula? en la Sierra Madre del sur, Mexico?
AU - Dvorak, W. S.
T2 - Foresta Veracruzana
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 10
IS - 1
SP - 59-66
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Costs and benefits of forest certification in the Americas
AU - Cubbage, F. W.
AU - Moore, S.
AU - Henderson, T.
AU - Araujo, M.
T2 - Natural resources: Economics, management, and policy
A2 - White, J. R.
A2 - Robinson, W. H.
PY - 2008///
PB - Nova Science Publishers
SN - 1604566493
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Communities and wildfire policy
AU - Steelman, T. A.
T2 - Forest community connections: Implications for research, management, and governance
A2 - Donoghue, E. M.
A2 - Sturtevant, V.
PY - 2008///
PB - Washington, DC: Resources for the Future
SN - 1933115688
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Effect of vegetation management on bird habitat in Riparian buffer zones
AU - Smith, Timothy A.
AU - Osmond, Deanna L.
AU - Moorman, Christopher E.
AU - Stucky, Jon M.
AU - Gilliam, J. Wendell
T2 - SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST
AB - Riparian buffers can be valuable refuge areas for wildlife in otherwise homogeneous agricultural landscapes. Government sponsored programs like the Cropland Reserve Program generally require the planting of specific vegetative species during buffer restoration, although the effectiveness of such an approach when compared to restoration by volunteer species is unknown. We studied the effect of differences in vegetation structure on avian habitat in riparian buffer zones. A 25 m (82 ft) wide planted woodland buffer, 30 m (98 ft) wide grass, shrub, and woodland three-zone buffer, and a 9 m (30 ft) wide shrub buffer were evaluated for habitat potential using breeding-bird counts and vegetation surveys. Bird density and species richness varied with the structure of the vegetative communities present at the three sites. Avian species richness and total detections were higher in the three-zone buffer than in both the shrub and planted buffer, likely a result of the diversity of vegetation at the site. These data suggest that restoration of riparian areas by allowing fallow vegetation to recolonize is at the very least equally beneficial to avian wildlife as is restoration by planting specific grass, shrub, and tree species. Buffer restoration by natural revegetation using this method could be recommended as an alternative to implementation by planting riparian species due to its simplicity and cost effectiveness.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1656/1528-7092(2008)7[277:EOVMOB]2.0.CO;2
VL - 7
IS - 2
SP - 277-288
SN - 1938-5412
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Does the use of vaginal-implant transmitters affect neonate survival rate of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus?
AU - Swanson, C. C.
AU - Jenks, J. A.
AU - DePerno, C. S.
AU - Klaver, R. W.
AU - Osborn, R. G.
AU - Tardiff, J. A.
T2 - Wildlife Biology
AB - We compared survival of neonate white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus captured using vaginal-implant transmitters (VITs) and traditional ground searches to determine if capture method affects neonate survival. During winter 2003, 14 adult female radio-collared deer were fitted with VITs to aid in the spring capture of neonates; neonates were captured using VITs (N=14) and traditional ground searches (N=7). Of the VITs, seven (50%) resulted in the location of birth sites and the capture of 14 neonates. However, seven (50%) VITs were prematurely expelled prior to parturition. Predation accounted for seven neonate mortalities, and of these, five were neonates captured using VITs. During summer 2003, survival for neonates captured using VITs one, two, and three months post capture was 0.76 (SE=0.05; N=14), 0.64 (SE=0.07; N=11) and 0.64 (SE=0.08; N=9), respectively. Neonate survival one, two and three months post capture for neonates captured using ground searches was 0.71 (SE=0.11; N=7), 0.71 (SE=0.15; N=5) and 0.71 (SE=0.15; N=5), respectively. Although 71% of neonates that died were captured <24 hours after birth using VITs, survival did not differ between capture methods. Therefore, use of VITs to capture neonate white-tailed deer did not influence neonate survival. VITs enabled us to capture neonates in dense habitats which would have been difficult to locate using traditional ground searches.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14[272:DTUOVT]2.0.CO;2
VL - 14
IS - 2
SP - 272-279
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Collaborative study abroad: Combining efforts to improve the undergraduate experience
AU - Dunning, J. B.
AU - Meilan, R.
AU - Jacobs, D. F.
AU - Blank, G. B.
AU - Easley, T. R.
AU - Olsson, M.
T2 - NACTA Journal
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 52
IS - 4
SP - 20-24
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - COMPARING FORECASTING MODELS IN TOURISM
AU - Chen, Rachel J. C.
AU - Bloomfield, Peter
AU - Cubbage, Frederick W.
T2 - JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY & TOURISM RESEARCH
AB - This study uses three major U.S. national parks as applications of statistically selecting appropriate methods to forecast attendance. Forecasting methods assessed include Naïve 1, Naïve 2, single moving average (SMA), single exponential smoothing (SES), Brown's, Holt's, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), derived time series cross-section regression (TSCSREG), and time series analysis with explanatory variable models. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is used to measure the accuracy of forecasting methods. Based on the MAPE values, SMA produces the most accurate forecasting, followed closely by ARIMA, Brown's, and Naïve 1 models. Holt's and TSCSREG models produce the next most accurate forecasting, followed by SES, time series analysis with explanatory variable model, and Naïve 2. Methods used in this article are readily transferable to other hospitality and tourism data sets with annual visitation figures. Merits and limits of the proposed forecasting methods are discussed.
DA - 2008/2//
PY - 2008/2//
DO - 10.1177/1096348007309566
VL - 32
IS - 1
SP - 3-21
SN - 1557-7554
KW - mean absolute percentage error
KW - forecasting methods
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Best management practices for reducing sediment loss from tobacco fields
AU - Hazel, D. W.
AU - Franklin, E. C.
AU - Thomas, K. T.
T2 - Journal of Soil & Water Conservation
AB - Storm runoff from agricultural fields remains a significant source of pollutants to surface water. Use of best management practices in recent years has reduced these off-site impacts, especially for sediments. We evaluated a combination of best management practices on two agricultural Piedmont watersheds in North Carolina to estimate the combined reductions that can be achieved for tobacco cultivation. We evaluated the effectiveness of three best management practices for flue-cured tobacco production—reduced-till versus conventional tillage, grassed field-side filter zones, and forested filter zones—to determine the total reduction in suspended solids from storm runoff.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.2489/jswc.63.3.91a
VL - 63
IS - 3
SP - 91A
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Assessing the effects of early silvicultural management on long-term site productivity of fast-growing eucalypt plantations: the Brazilian experience
AU - Goncalves, J. L. M.
AU - Stape, J. L.
AU - Laclau, J-P
AU - Bouillet, J-P
AU - Ranger, J.
T2 - SOUTHERN FORESTS-A JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE
AB - Abstract Eucalyptus is the dominant and most productive planted forest in Brazil, covering around 3.4 million ha for the production of charcoal, pulp, sawtimber, timber plates, wood foils, plywood and for building purposes. At the early establishment of the forest plantations, during the second half of the 1960s, the eucalypt yield was 10 m3 ha−1 y−1. Now, as a result of investments in research and technology, the average productivity is 38 m3 ha−1 y−1. The productivity restrictions are related to the following environmental factors, in order of importance: water deficits > nutrient deficiency > soil depth and strength. The clonal forests have been fundamental in sites with larger water and nutrient restrictions, where they out-perform those established from traditional seed-based planting stock. When the environmental limitations are small the productivities of plantations based on clones or seeds appear to be similar. In the long term there are risks to sustainability, because of the low fertility and low reserves of primary minerals in the soils, which are, commonly, loamy and clayey oxisols and ultisols. Usually, a decline of soil quality is caused by management that does not conserve soil and site resources, damages soil physical and chemical characteristics, and insufficient or unbalanced fertiliser management. The problem is more serious when fast-growing genotypes are planted, which have a high nutrient demand and uptake capacity, and therefore high nutrient output through harvesting. The need to mobilise less soil by providing more cover and protection, reduce the nutrient and organic matter losses, preserve crucial physical properties as permeability (root growth, infiltration and aeration), improve weed control and reduce costs has led to a progressive increase in the use of minimum cultivation practices during the last 20 years, which has been accepted as a good alternative to keep or increase site quality in the long term. In this paper we provide a synthesis and critical appraisal of the research results and practical implications of early silvicultural management on long-term site productivity of fast-growing eucalypt plantations arising from the Brazilian context. Keywords: FERTILISATIONMINIMUM CULTIVATIONRESIDUE MANAGEMENTSOIL PREPARATIONSUSTAINABILITYWATER DEFICIT
DA - 2008/8//
PY - 2008/8//
DO - 10.2989/SOUTH.FOR.2008.70.2.6.534
VL - 70
IS - 2
SP - 105-118
SN - 2070-2639
KW - fertilisation
KW - minimum cultivation
KW - residue management
KW - soil preparation
KW - sustainability
KW - water deficit
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Analysis of cellulose microfibril angle using a linear mixed model in Pinus taeda clones
AU - Isik, Fikret
AU - Gumpertz, Marcia
AU - Li, Bailian
AU - Goldfarb, Barry
AU - Sun, Xuan
T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
AB - Variation in microfibril angle (MFA) (degrees) among loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) full-sib families and clones was investigated using 43 clones from nine full-sib crosses tested at two locations. When the experiments were 12 years old, a total of 316 trees were drilled and 12 mm thick wood increment cores were collected. MFA for each growth ring in the wood core was measured using the SilviScan-2 tool. A quadratic mixed model was fitted to evaluate the MFA variation over different rings. Among the error covariance structures tested in the model, autoregressive order 1 was the best model for producing MFA estimates with the smallest errors. Estimated MFA was about 33° in the pith (ring 1) of the trees and decreased to 18° in the outer wood (ring 11). Full-sib crosses and clones within crosses explained about 12.5% of the total phenotypic variation. Repeatability of full-sib family means (H 2 f = 0.46) was moderate but repeatability of clone means was high (H 2 c = 0.79). Although it is possible to improve (decrease) MFA with recurrent selection in tree improvement programs to improve lumber quality, cost efficient and rapid methods for measuring MFA are needed.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1139/X08-010
VL - 38
IS - 6
SP - 1676-1689
SN - 1208-6037
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - An evaluation of selection for volume growth in loblolly pine
AU - Sherrill, J. R.
AU - Mullin, T. J.
AU - Bullock, B. P.
AU - McKeand, S. E.
AU - Purnell, R. C.
AU - Gumpertz, M. L.
AU - Isik, F.
T2 - SILVAE GENETICA
AB - Abstract Total inside-bark volume is the most important selection criterion for productivity in tree breeding programs in the Southeastern U.S. Tree breeders typically estimate total inside-bark volume based on outside-bark diameter at breast height and total height without accounting for stem taper or bark thickness. To make a direct determination of total inside- and outside-bark volume, a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) open-pollinated family trial replicated with cultural treatments of weed control and fertilization was measured. This direct measurement was compared to typical volume estimates. In this trial, approximately 40 individuals from each of 25 open-pollinated first- and second-generation families were destructively sampled in the 13 th growing season. Selection for volume using a combined-variable (diameter 2 * height) equation was found to be highly effective for making volume gain. There was a high correlation between estimated and directly-measured total inside-bark volumes (0.99). Bark thickness and stem taper had low importance for stem volume selection. There was a positive genetic correlation between bark thickness and diameter at breast height (0.66). This indicates that selection for larger diameters may produce individuals with thicker bark, which may eventually affect total inside-bark volume estimates.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1515/sg-2008-0004
VL - 57
IS - 1
SP - 22-28
SN - 2509-8934
KW - bark thickness
KW - genotype by treatment interaction
KW - stem taper
KW - volume gain
KW - Pinus taeda L.
KW - stem volume
KW - tree improvement
KW - stem form
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A novel O-Methyltransferase-like gene with a drastic extopic expression in response to tension wood formation in Poupulus trichocarpa
AU - Yeh, T. F.
AU - Wang, J.
AU - Rui, S.
AU - Sun, Y. H.
AU - Chiang, V. L.
T2 - Cellulose Chemistry and Technology
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 41
IS - 9-10
SP - 521-528
ER -
TY - BOOK
TI - The ethics of waterfowl hunting
AU - Brown, R. D.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A brief history of wildlife conservation in the United States--Part II
AU - Brown, R. D.
T2 - Fair Chase
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 23
IS - 1
SP - 30-35
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - South America: Industrial roundwood supply potential
AU - Gonzalez, R. W.
AU - Saloni, D.
AU - Dasmohapatra, S.
AU - Cubbage, F.
T2 - BioResources
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 3
IS - 1
SP - 255-269
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Preliminary findings: analysis of carbon storage in Fraser fir plantations
AU - Furiness, C.
AU - Frampton, J.
T2 - Limbs & Needles
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 35
IS - 1
SP - 22
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Correction on trees per acre, and notes on the environmental aspects of forestry and paper
AU - Robison, D. J.
T2 - Bulletin (John F. Kennedy School of Government)
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 2008
IS - Spring
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Correction on forestland ownership in the U.S.
AU - Robison, D. J.
T2 - Paper360?
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 2008
IS - May
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Rooting stem cuttings of several species within the genus Quercus L.
AU - Gocke, M. H.
AU - Robison, D. J.
AU - Treasure, E.
T2 - Journal of the International Oak Society.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 19
SP - 29-41
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Ocelot awareness among Latinos on the Texas and Tamaulipas border
AU - Peterson, M. N.
AU - Sternberg, M.
AU - Lopez, A.
AU - Liu, J.
T2 - Human Dimensions of Wildlife
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 13
SP - 339-347
ER -
TY - CHAP
TI - Hunting
AU - Peterson, M. N.
T2 - Encyclopedia of Ecology. V. 3, General ecology
A2 - Jorgensen, S. E.
A2 - Fath, B. D.
PY - 2008///
SP - 1912-1915
PB - Oxford: Elsevier
SN - 0444520333
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Guidance memorandum (for proposal development)
AU - Robison, D. J.
A3 - NC State College of Natural Resources
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
PB - NC State College of Natural Resources
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Attaining Carnegie's community engagement classification
AU - Zuiches, J.
AU - Cowling, E.
AU - Clark, J.
AU - Clayton, P.
AU - Helm, K.
AU - Henry, B.
AU - Morris, T.
AU - Moore, S. E.
AU - Navey-Davis, S.
AU - Schulze, S.
AU - Thornton, C.
AU - Warren, A.
T2 - Change (New Rochelle, N.Y.)
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.3200/chng.40.1.42-45
VL - 40
IS - 1
SP - 42-45
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Near infrared calibration models for the estimation of wood density in Pinus taeda using repeated sample measurements
AU - Mora, Christian R.
AU - Schimleck, Laurence R.
AU - Isik, Fikret
T2 - JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
AB - Near infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance was used for the estimation of air-dry density and basic density in wood radial strip samples obtained at breast height (1.4 m) from 60 Pinus taeda trees established in three progeny tests in the south-eastern United States. NIR calibration models were fitted using raw spectra and pre-processed spectra with second derivative, multiplicative scatter correction and orthogonal signal correction. Successful calibrations were obtained for both wood properties using data collected in consecutive 10 mm sections from the samples. Data pre-processing did not result in model improvements compared to the models fitted using raw data. The effects of using repeated measures were evaluated by incorporating serial correlation into the partial least squares regression algorithm. The empirical autocorrelation of the normalised residuals showed that serial dependence among residuals was successfully removed by using an autoregressive correlation structure of second order. However, because the initial dependence among observations was not strong, the predictions were similar using the modified algorithm to those obtained with the traditional approach. These results indicate that the use of repeated measurements does not represent a serious problem for the development of NIR calibration models for the prediction of wood properties using radial samples measured in 10 mm sections and that the specification of the correlation structure may not be required when the models are used only for predictive purposes.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1255/jnirs.816
VL - 16
IS - 6
SP - 517-528
SN - 0967-0335
KW - NIR
KW - Pinus taeda
KW - PLS regression
KW - serial correlation
KW - wood air-dry density
KW - wood basic density
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Age and Sex Differences in Brain Gene Expression in Neonatal Rats
AU - Torbati, D.
AU - Totapally, B. R.
AU - Raszynski, A.
AU - Osborne, J.
AU - Zyl, L.
AU - Kalomiris, S.
AU - Wolfsdorf, J.
T2 - NEUROPEDIATRICS
AB - Gene expression in the central nervous system is highly region-specific. We tested the hypothesis that certain developmental biomarkers could be detected in the whole brain or in cortical, subcortical or cerebellar structures. Brain gene expressions of male and female rats at birth, 3 days, and 10 days of age were measured by microarray technique (≈10 K genes; n=9/category). We found 53 significantly up-regulated and 8 down-regulated genes at 10 days of age, relative to birth and 3 days of age. The whole brain, however, showed no significant sex differences in gene expression patterns up to 10 days of age. Ten genes with the highest up-regulation, and 5 down-regulated genes were further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), using the whole brain, cortices, subcortical structures, and cerebellum. The Q-PCR confirmed genes are known to be involved in neuronal differentiation, axonal myelination and growth, neurotransmission and glycolytic pathways. With a few exceptions, the expression levels of Q-PCR confirmed genes were significantly different in the whole brain, compared to other regions. In a separate study, we tested the potential utility of the Q-PCR confirmed genes, as whole brain biomarkers, after a six-hour exposure to hyperoxia (>98% oxygen breathing) in 10 days old rats. This relatively mild oxidative challenge created a 3.5-fold increase in the expression of T-cell receptor β Variable 8.3b, known to have regulatory function during development. We suggest that genes displaying significant expression in the whole brain, regardless of their origin, could be used to screen normal brain development in neonatal rat models of experimental neurology.
DA - 2008/8//
PY - 2008/8//
DO - 10.1055/s-0028-1105923
VL - 39
IS - 4
SP - 219-225
SN - 1439-1899
KW - brain development
KW - gene expression
KW - gene profiling
KW - microarrays
KW - neonatal rats
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The impact of vegetation on sedimentary organic matter composition and PAH desorption
AU - Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie
AU - Gregory, Samuel T.
AU - Musella, Jennifer S.
T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
AB - Relationships between sedimentary organic matter (SOM) composition and PAH desorption behavior were determined for vegetated and non-vegetated refinery distillate waste sediments. Sediments were fractionated into size, density, and humin fractions and analyzed for their organic matter content. Bulk sediment and humin fractions differed more in organic matter composition than size/density fractions. Vegetated humin and bulk sediments contained more polar organic carbon, black carbon, and modern (plant) carbon than non-vegetated sediment fractions. Desorption kinetics of phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, and C(3)-phenanthrene/anthracenes from humin and bulk sediments were investigated using Tenax beads and a two-compartment, first-order kinetic model. PAH desorption from distillate waste sediments appeared to be controlled by the slow desorbing fractions of sediment; rate constants were similar to literature values for k(slow) and k(very slow). After several decades of plant colonization and growth (Phragmites australis), vegetated sediment fractions more extensively desorbed PAHs and had faster desorption kinetics than non-vegetated sediment fractions.
DA - 2008/12//
PY - 2008/12//
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.011
VL - 156
IS - 3
SP - 928-935
SN - 0269-7491
KW - Phragmites
KW - PAHs
KW - Desorption
KW - Sediments
KW - Phytoremediation
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - EFFECTS OF VEGETATION AND BACKGROUND NOISE ON THE DETECTION PROCESS IN AUDITORY AVIAN POINT-COUNT SURVEYS (vol 125, pg 500, 2008)
AU - Pacific, Krishna
AU - Simons, Theodore R.
AU - Pollock, Kenneth H.
T2 - AUK
DA - 2008/10//
PY - 2008/10//
DO - 10.1525/auk.2008.111008
VL - 125
IS - 4
SP - 998-998
SN - 0004-8038
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Resistance of Pinus taeda families under artificial inoculations with diverse fusiform rust pathogen populations and comparison with field trials (vol 38, pg 2687, 2008)
AU - Isik, Fikret
AU - Amerson, Henry V.
AU - Whetten, Ross W.
AU - Garcia, Saul A.
AU - Li, Bailian
AU - McKeand, Steven E.
T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE
DA - 2008/12//
PY - 2008/12//
DO - 10.1139/x08-910
VL - 38
IS - 12
SP - 3151-3151
SN - 0045-5067
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Prediction of wood density breeding values of Pinus taeda elite parents from unbalanced data: A method for adjustment of site and age effects using common checklots
AU - Isik, Fikret
AU - Li, Bailian
AU - Goldfarb, Barry
AU - McKeand, Steve
T2 - ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE
AB - • Wood density of elite parents of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was investigated in 6 to 18 year-old progeny trials. The sampling was carried out separately in seven testing regions in the southeastern US. A checklot was the only connection between elite parents planted at different trials in a testing region.
• We used a data normalization method suggested for unbalanced designs in cDNA microarray experiments to remove confounding site and age effects using the checklot as a reference sample. Wood density breeding values of parents were predicted by fitting a linear mixed model to the normalized data.
• Using the reference samples to remove site and age effects appears to be an effective method for analysis of unbalanced progeny tests data. In general, wood density (kg/m3) decreased from coastal to inland plantings and from the southern to the northern planting. Considerable genetic variation for wood density was detected among these fast-growing elite parents in six of seven testing regions, with half-sib family mean heritabilities ranging from 0.71 to 0.97 within a testing region. With the exception of two regions, checklots were stable across trials in a region, based on regressing the checklot means on trial means.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1051/forest:2008018
VL - 65
IS - 4
SP -
SN - 1286-4560
KW - loblolly pine
KW - reference sample
KW - data normalization
KW - genetic variation
KW - heritability
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Communities and wildfire policy, in forest community connections: implications for research, management, and governance
AU - Steelman, T. A.
A3 - Washington, DC: Resources for the Future
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
PB - Washington, DC: Resources for the Future
ER -
TY -
TI - The influence of forest management on vulnerability to severe weather
AU - Beach, R.
AU - Sills, E.
AU - Liu, T.
AU - Pattanayak, S.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Some timber product market and trade implications of an invasive defoliator: The case of Asian Lymantria in the United States
AU - Prestemon, J. P.
AU - Turner, J. A.
AU - Buongiorno, J.
AU - Zhu, S. S.
AU - Li, R. H.
T2 - Journal of Forestry
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 106
IS - 8
SP - 409-415
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Seed orchard management strategies for deployment of intensively selected loblolly pine families in the southern US
AU - McKeand, S. E.
AU - Gerwig, D. M.
AU - Cumbie, W. P.
AU - Jett, J. B.
C2 - 2008///
C3 - Seed orchards, Proceedings from a conference at Umea, Sweden
DA - 2008///
SP - 177-182
SN - 978-91-85911-28-8
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Genetic parameter estimates for growth traits from diallel tests of loblolly pine throughout the southeastern United States
AU - McKeand, S. E.
AU - Li, B.
AU - Grissom, J. E.
AU - Isik, F.
AU - Jayawickrama, K. J. S.
T2 - SILVAE GENETICA
AB - Abstract Variation in heritability and in genetic correlation estimates were evaluated for juvenile tree height and volume for six testing areas of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the southeastern United States. Variance components and their functions (heritability and type B genetic correlations) were estimated from 265 six-parent disconnected diallel series, tested in almost 1000 trials (4 tests per diallel series). Original data were collected at age 6 years from about one million trees (265 diallel series x 30 crosses x 36 trees per cross/site x 4 sites) planted in field tests. Genetic tests were from the second cycle of breeding in the North Carolina State University - Industry Cooperative Tree Improvement Program. The overall unbiased individual-tree narrow-sense heritability for height was 0.19 and for volume was 0.16. The broad-sense heritabilities for height (0.24) and for volume (0.22) were higher than narrow-sense heritabilities due to the presence of non-additive genetic variance. There were moderate regional differences in these estimates, with tests in the Lower Gulf Coastal Plain tending to have the highest heritabilities for growth traits. There was very little association between site index and heritability, but heritabilities were higher on sites with the highest survival and highest test precision. Genotype x environment interactions were generally low both for half-sib and full-sib families, indicating that families can be operationally deployed to different sites with little concern about unpredictable performance.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1515/sg-2008-0016
VL - 57
IS - 3
SP - 101-110
SN - 2509-8934
KW - genetic correlation
KW - genetic gain
KW - genotype x environment interaction
KW - heritability
KW - Pinus taeda L.
ER -
TY - CONF
TI - Discount rates of limited resource woodland owners in North Carolina and Virginia
AU - Atmadja, S.
AU - Sills, E.
C2 - 2008///
C3 - Proceedings of the Southern Forest Economics Workshop
DA - 2008///
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Infestation Rate of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Among Three North American Hemlock (Tsuga) Species Following Artificial Inoculation
AU - Jetton, Robert M.
AU - Hain, Fred P.
AU - Dvorak, William S.
AU - Frampton, John
T2 - JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE
DA - 2008/10//
PY - 2008/10//
DO - 10.18474/0749-8004-43.4.438
VL - 43
IS - 4
SP - 438-442
SN - 0749-8004
KW - Adelges tsugae
KW - Tsuga caroliniana
KW - Tsuga canadensis
KW - Tsuga heterophylla
KW - host susceptibility
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Comparisons between PnET-Day and eddy covariance based gross ecosystem production in two Northern Wisconsin forests
AU - Ryu, Soung-Ryoul
AU - Chen, Jiquan
AU - Noormets, Asko
AU - Bresee, Mary K.
AU - Ollinger, Scott V.
T2 - AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
AB - Abstract The PnET-Day model was independently parameterized to compare with estimated eddy covariance gross ecosystem production (GEP; gC m −2 day −1 ) in a mature mixed hardwood and a mature red pine ( Pinus resinosa ) forest in Northern Wisconsin during the growing season of 2002 and 2003. The mature hardwood forest was dominated by Populus tremuloides , Populus grandidentata , Betula papyrifera , Quercus rubra , Acer rubrum , and Acer saccharum . We evaluated the model's capability to predict the seasonal and interannual dynamics of GEP and explored the sources of discrepancy between PnET-Day and eddy covariance GEP estimates. GEP was directly estimated from the two eddy-flux towers, one for each forest type, during 2002 and 2003. PnET-Day growing season GEP for the mature hardwood forest was 12% higher in 2002 and 12% lower in 2003 than eddy covariance GEP estimates, while the modeled growing season GEP of the mature red pine forest was overestimated by 43 and 32% compared to eddy covariance GEP in 2002 and 2003, respectively. The disagreement between the two methods was attributed to year-to-year variability in foliage biomass and foliar nitrogen (N) in the mature hardwood forest and to high foliage biomass and specific leaf weight in the mature red pine forest (>50% larger than red pine in Harvard Forest where the model was developed and validated). The difference between PnET-Day and eddy covariance GEP estimates was greatest in May in the hardwood forest, primarily due to the discrepancy between the true and parameterized foliage onset day. Our results suggest that improved prediction of foliage onset is necessary to improve PnET-Day estimation of GEP in a hardwood forest.
DA - 2008/2/13/
PY - 2008/2/13/
DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.005
VL - 148
IS - 2
SP - 247-256
SN - 1873-2240
KW - carbon
KW - eddy covariance
KW - PnET-Day
KW - foliar nitrogen
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Estimation of net ecosystem carbon exchange for the conterminous United States by combining MODIS and AmeriFlux data
AU - Xiao, Jingfeng
AU - Zhuang, Qianlai
AU - Baldocchi, Dennis D.
AU - Law, Beverly E.
AU - Richardson, Andrew D.
AU - Chen, Jiquan
AU - Oren, Ram
AU - Starr, Gregory
AU - Noormets, Asko
AU - Ma, Siyan
AU - Verma, Shashi B.
AU - Wharton, Sonia
AU - Wofsy, Steven C.
AU - Bolstad, Paul V.
AU - Burns, Sean P.
AU - Cook, David R.
AU - Curtis, Peter S.
AU - Drake, Bert G.
AU - Falk, Matthias
AU - Fischer, Marc L.
AU - Foster, David R.
AU - Gu, Lianhong
AU - Hadley, Julian L.
AU - Hollinger, David Y.
AU - Katul, Gabriel G.
AU - Litvak, Marcy
AU - Martin, Timothy A.
AU - Matamala, Roser
AU - McNulty, Steve
AU - Meyers, Tilden P.
AU - Monson, Russell K.
AU - Munger, J. William
AU - Oechel, Walter C.
AU - U, Kyaw Tha Paw
AU - Schmid, Hans Peter
AU - Scott, Russell L.
AU - Sun, Ge
AU - Suyker, Andrew E.
AU - Torn, Margaret S.
T2 - AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
AB - Eddy covariance flux towers provide continuous measurements of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) for a wide range of climate and biome types. However, these measurements only represent the carbon fluxes at the scale of the tower footprint. To quantify the net exchange of carbon dioxide between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere for regions or continents, flux tower measurements need to be extrapolated to these large areas. Here we used remotely sensed data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) instrument on board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Terra satellite to scale up AmeriFlux NEE measurements to the continental scale. We first combined MODIS and AmeriFlux data for representative U.S. ecosystems to develop a predictive NEE model using a modified regression tree approach. The predictive model was trained and validated using eddy flux NEE data over the periods 2000–2004 and 2005–2006, respectively. We found that the model predicted NEE well (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). We then applied the model to the continental scale and estimated NEE for each 1 km × 1 km cell across the conterminous U.S. for each 8-day interval in 2005 using spatially explicit MODIS data. The model generally captured the expected spatial and seasonal patterns of NEE as determined from measurements and the literature. Our study demonstrated that our empirical approach is effective for scaling up eddy flux NEE measurements to the continental scale and producing wall-to-wall NEE estimates across multiple biomes. Our estimates may provide an independent dataset from simulations with biogeochemical models and inverse modeling approaches for examining the spatiotemporal patterns of NEE and constraining terrestrial carbon budgets over large areas.
DA - 2008/10//
PY - 2008/10//
DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.06.015
VL - 148
IS - 11
SP - 1827-1847
SN - 1873-2240
KW - Net ecosystem carbon exchange
KW - MODIS
KW - AmeriFlux
KW - NEE
KW - Regression tree
KW - Eddy covariance
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Paxillus involutus Forms an Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis and Enhances Survival of PtCOMT-modified Betula pendula in vitro
AU - Tiimonen, H.
AU - Aronen, T.
AU - Laakso, T.
AU - Saranpaa, P.
AU - Chiang, V.
AU - Haggman, H.
AU - Niemi, K.
T2 - SILVAE GENETICA
AB - Abstract The ability of the PtCOMT (caffeate/5-hydroxyferulate O-methyltransferase from Populus tremuloides L.) - modified Betula pendula Roth. lines to form symbiosis with an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus Paxillus involutus Batsch Fr. was studied in vitro. Lignin precursor gene PtCOMT was introduced into two B. pendula clones under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter or the promoter of the sunflower polyubiquitin gene UbB1. Of the four transgenic lines, one 35SPtCOMT line (23) had a decreased syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio of root lignin, and two UbB1-PtCOMT lines (110 and 130) retarded root growth compared to the control clone. Both control clones and all transgenic lines were able to form ECMs with P. involutus, but the transgenic lines differed from the controls in the characteristics of the ECMs. The number of lateral roots covered with fungal hyphae and/or development of a Hartig net (HN) were reduced in line 23 with a decreased S/G ratio, and in lines 110 and 130 with slower root formation and changed root morphology, respectively. However, line 23 benefited more from the inoculation in lateral root formation than the control, and in lines 110 and 130 the percentage of viable plants increased most due to inoculation. The results show that B. pendula plants genetically transformed with the lignin gene PtCOMT could form mycorrhizal symbiosis regardless of changes in either the root S/G ratio or development. The benefits of the symbiosis were variable even in the closed in vitro system, and dependent on the clone or transgenic line and the ECM fungal symbiont.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1515/sg-2008-0036
VL - 57
IS - 4-5
SP - 235-242
SN - 2509-8934
KW - Betula pendula
KW - COMT
KW - ecological impacts of gmtrees
KW - ectomycorrhiza
KW - lignin modification
KW - Paxillus involutus
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The SOHARC model system for growth and yield of southern hardwoods
AU - McTague, J. P.
AU - O'Loughlin, D.
AU - Raise, J. P.
AU - Robison, D. J.
AU - Kellison, R. C.
T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 32
IS - 4
SP - 173-183
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana)
AU - Josserand, S. A.
AU - Potter, K. M.
AU - Echt, C. S.
AU - Nelson, C. D.
T2 - Molecular Ecology Resources
AB - Abstract We describe the isolation and characterization of 31 polymorphic di‐ and trinucleotide microsatellite marker loci for Carolina hemlock ( Tsuga caroliniana Englem.). In addition, primer pairs for 16 loci amplified scoreable alleles in six other Tsuga species. In eastern North America, both Carolina hemlock and eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) populations are declining due to infestation by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae . The markers described here should enhance population genetic studies of hemlocks, providing valuable information for conserving and restoring these important forest tree species.
DA - 2008/11//
PY - 2008/11//
DO - 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02294.x
VL - 8
IS - 6
SP - 1371-1374
LA - en
OP -
SN - 1755-098X 1755-0998
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02294.x
DB - Crossref
KW - conservation genetics
KW - hemlock
KW - SSR markers
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Constraints on physiological function associated with branch architecture and wood density in tropical forest trees
AU - Meinzer, Frederick C.
AU - Campanello, Paula I.
AU - Domec, Jean-Christophe
AU - Gatti, M. Genoveva
AU - Goldstein, Guillermo
AU - Villalobos-Vega, Randol
AU - Woodruff, David R.
T2 - TREE PHYSIOLOGY
AB - This study examined how leaf and stem functional traits related to gas exchange and water balance scale with two potential proxies for tree hydraulic architecture: the leaf area:sapwood area ratio (A(L):A(S)) and wood density (rho(w)). We studied the upper crowns of individuals of 15 tropical forest tree species at two sites in Panama with contrasting moisture regimes and forest types. Transpiration and maximum photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR(max)) per unit leaf area declined sharply with increasing A(L):A(S), as did the ratio of ETR(max) to leaf N content, an index of photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency. Midday leaf water potential, bulk leaf osmotic potential at zero turgor, branch xylem specific conductivity, leaf-specific conductivity and stem and leaf capacitance all declined with increasing rho(w). At the branch scale, A(L):A(S) and total leaf N content per unit sapwood area increased with rho(w), resulting in a 30% increase in ETR(max) per unit sapwood area with a doubling of rho(w). These compensatory adjustments in A(L):A(S), N allocation and potential photosynthetic capacity at the branch level were insufficient to completely offset the increased carbon costs of producing denser wood, and exacerbated the negative impact of increasing rho(w) on branch hydraulics and leaf water status. The suite of tree functional and architectural traits studied appeared to be constrained by the hydraulic and mechanical consequences of variation in rho(w).
DA - 2008/11//
PY - 2008/11//
DO - 10.1093/treephys/28.11.1609
VL - 28
IS - 11
SP - 1609-1617
SN - 0829-318X
KW - capacitance
KW - functional convergence
KW - hydraulic architecture
KW - osmotic potential
KW - photosynthesis
KW - transpiration
KW - water potential
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Using a bud volume index with the top-stop nipper to control leader growth of Fraser fir Christmas trees
AU - Rutledge, M. E.
AU - Frampton, J.
AU - Hinesley, L. E.
AU - Blank, G.
T2 - HortTechnology
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 18
IS - 4
SP - 583-587
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Soil respiration, root biomass, and root turnover following long-term exposure of northern forests to elevated atmospheric Co-2 and tropospheric O-3
AU - Pregitzer, Kurt S.
AU - Burton, Andrew J.
AU - King, John S.
AU - Zak, Donald R.
T2 - NEW PHYTOLOGIST
AB - • The Rhinelander free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment is designed to understand ecosystem response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (+CO2) and elevated tropospheric ozone (+O3). The objectives of this study were: to understand how soil respiration responded to the experimental treatments; to determine whether fine-root biomass was correlated to rates of soil respiration; and to measure rates of fine-root turnover in aspen (Populus tremuloides) forests and determine whether root turnover might be driving patterns in soil respiration. • Soil respiration was measured, root biomass was determined, and estimates of root production, mortality and biomass turnover were made. • Soil respiration was greatest in the +CO2 and +CO2 +O3 treatments across all three plant communities. Soil respiration was correlated with increases in fine-root biomass. In the aspen community, annual fine-root production and mortality (g m−2) were positively affected by +O3. • After 10 yr of exposure, +CO2 +O3-induced increases in belowground carbon allocation suggest that the positive effects of elevated CO2 on belowground net primary productivity (NPP) may not be offset by negative effects of O3. For the aspen community, fine-root biomass is actually stimulated by +O3, and especially +CO2 +O3.
DA - 2008/10//
PY - 2008/10//
DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02564.x
VL - 180
IS - 1
SP - 153-161
SN - 1469-8137
KW - carbon allocation
KW - carbon dioxide (CO2)
KW - climate change
KW - fine roots
KW - global change
KW - ozone (O-3)
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Biophysical and life-history determinants of hydraulic lift in Neotropical savanna trees
AU - Scholz, F. G.
AU - Bucci, S. J.
AU - Goldstein, G.
AU - Moreira, M. Z.
AU - Meinzer, F. C.
AU - Domec, J. -C.
AU - Villalobos-Vega, R.
AU - Franco, A. C.
AU - Miralles-Wilhelm, F.
T2 - FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
AB - 1 Ecological and physiological characteristics of vascular plants may facilitate or constrain hydraulic lift. Studies of hydraulic lift typically include only one or few species, but in species-rich ecosystems a larger number of representative species needs to be studied. 2 Measurements of sap flow in tap roots, lateral roots and stems, as well as stable isotope labelling techniques were used to determine the occurrence and relative magnitude of hydraulic lift in several individuals of nine co-occurring Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) tree species differing in life-history traits, and to assess physical and biological determinants of this process at the tree and ecosystem level. 3 The occurrence of reverse sap flow observed in deciduous and brevideciduous species during the dry season was consistent with hydraulic lift. The evergreen species did not exhibit reverse flow. Consistent with their ability to carry out hydraulic lift, the brevideciduous and deciduous species had both shallow and tap roots (dimorphic root systems), whereas the evergreen species had mostly deep roots (monomorphic root systems). 4 In the deciduous and brevideciduous species, the contribution of tap roots to transpiration increased substantially as the dry season progressed. Seasonal changes in the contribution of tap roots to transpiration were not observed in the evergreen species. 5 There was an inverse relationship between rates of reverse sap flow and seasonal loss of hydraulic conductivity in lateral roots, suggesting that hydraulic lift in Cerrado woody plants may help maintain the functionality of the lateral roots in exploring dry and nutrient rich superficial soil layers without directly enhancing the amount of water uptake. 6 Reverse sap flow in lateral roots of the deciduous and brevideciduous species increased asymptotically as the driving force for water movement from roots to the soil increased. This nonlinear relationship implies that additional sinks for water such as nocturnal transpiration and refilling of internal water storage tissues may compete for internal water resources during the dry season. 7 There appears to be a trade-off between greater year-round access to nutrients in the upper soil layers (deciduous and brevideciduous species) and a greater access to deep and more reliable water sources during the dry season (evergreen species), which has implications for whole-ecosystem water, carbon and nutrient balance in Neotropical savannas.
DA - 2008/10//
PY - 2008/10//
DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01452.x
VL - 22
IS - 5
SP - 773-786
SN - 1365-2435
KW - hydraulic redistribution
KW - leaf phenology
KW - nocturnal transpiration
KW - root architecture
KW - root conductivity
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A novel field evaluation of the effectiveness of distance and independent observer sampling to estimate aural avian detection probabilities
AU - Alldredge, Mathew W.
AU - Pacifici, Krishna
AU - Simons, Theodore R.
AU - Pollock, Kenneth H.
T2 - Journal of Applied Ecology
AB - 1 The validation of field sampling techniques is a concern for applied ecologists due to the strong model assumptions implicit in all methods. Computer simulations make replication easy, but they do not give insights into how much bias occurs in real populations. Testing sampling methods on populations of known size can establish directly how well estimators perform, but such populations are very hard to find, and replicate, and they may have unusual attributes. 2 We present a field validation of distance and double-observer methods of estimating detection probabilities on aural avian point counts. Our research is relevant to conservation agencies worldwide who design thousands of avian monitoring programmes based primarily on auditory point counts. The programmes are a critical component in the management of many avian species. 3 Our validation used a simulation system which mimics birds calling in a field environment. The system allowed us to vary singing rate, species, distance, the complexity of points, and other factors. 4 Distance methods performed poorly, primarily due to large localization errors, and estimates did not improve for simplified points. 5 For the double-observer method, two pairs of observers tended to underestimate true population size, while the third pair tended to double-count birds which overestimated the population. Detection probabilities were always higher and population estimates lower when observers subjectively matched birds compared to an objective rule and showed a slight negative bias and good precision. A simplified 45-degree matching rule did not improve the performance of double-observer estimates which had a slight positive bias and much lower precision. Double-observer estimates did improve on the simplified points. 6 Synthesis and applications. We encourage ecologists working with sampling methods to develop similar methods of working with simulated populations through use of technology. Our simulated field evaluation has demonstrated the difficulty of accurately estimating population size when limited to aural detections. Problems are related to limitations in the ability of observers to localize sound, estimate distance, and accurately identify birds during a count. Other sources of error identified are the effects of observers, singing rate, singing orientation and background noise.
DA - 2008/10//
PY - 2008/10//
DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01517.x
VL - 45
IS - 5
SP - 1349-1356
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0021-8901 1365-2664
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01517.x
DB - Crossref
KW - avian point counts
KW - aural detections
KW - detection probability
KW - distance sampling
KW - field tests
KW - multiple observers
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Resistance of Pinus taeda families under artificial inoculations with diverse fusiform rust pathogen populations and comparison with field trials
AU - Isik, Fikret
AU - Amerson, Henry V.
AU - Whetten, Ross W.
AU - Garcia, Saul A.
AU - Li, Bailian
AU - McKeand, Steven E.
T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research
AB - Controlled inoculations with 10 bulk inocula of Cronartium quercuum (Berk) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme were carried out on open-pollinated progeny of 25 fast-growing Pinus taeda L. parents. The parents had a range of breeding values for resistance to fusiform rust in progeny field trials. There were highly significant differences among the half-sib families in response to inoculations, and these differences were very reproducible; the half-sib family-mean heritability of resistance to controlled inoculation was 0.97. All of the families that were susceptible in the field were susceptible in controlled inoculations, and most (12 of 17) of the field-resistant families were resistant in response to controlled inoculations. Significant pathogenic variability was observed among the different bulk inocula, although this accounted for only 1.9% of the total variation. Genetic differences among families within field-resistant or field-susceptible groups accounted for 13.7% of the total variation. The family by inocula interaction was highly significant, but a single field-resistant family contributed 44% of the total family by inocula interaction variance, and two other field-resistant families also showed significant interactions.
DA - 2008/10//
PY - 2008/10//
DO - 10.1139/X08-111
VL - 38
IS - 10
SP - 2687-2696
J2 - Can. J. For. Res.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0045-5067 1208-6037
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-111
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Invasive forest pest surveillance: survey development and reliability
AU - Coulston, John W.
AU - Koch, Frank H.
AU - Smith, William D.
AU - Sapio, Frank J.
T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE
AB - Worldwide, a large number of potential pest species are introduced to locations outside their native ranges; under the best possible prevention scheme, some are likely to establish one or more localized populations. A comprehensive early detection and rapid-response protocol calls for surveillance to determine if a pest has invaded additional locations outside its original area of introduction. In this manuscript, we adapt and spatially extend a two-stage sampling technique to determine the required sample size to substantiate freedom from an invasive pest with a known level of certainty. The technique, derived from methods for sampling livestock herds for disease presence, accounts for the fact that pest activity may be low at a coarse spatial scale (i.e., among forested landscapes) but high at a fine scale (i.e., within a given forested landscape). We illustrate the utility of the approach by generating a national-scale survey based on a risk map for a hypothetical forest pest species threatening the United States. These techniques provide a repeatable, cost-effective, practical framework for developing broad-scale surveys to substantiate freedom from non-native invasive forest pests with known statistical power.
DA - 2008/9//
PY - 2008/9//
DO - 10.1139/X08-076
VL - 38
IS - 9
SP - 2422-2433
SN - 0045-5067
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Does strong linkage disequilibrium guarantee redundant association results?
AU - Nielsen, Dahlia M.
AU - Suchindran, Sunil
AU - Smith, Christopher P.
T2 - GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB - Abstract A substantial amount of effort has been expended recently towards the identification and evaluation of tag single nucleotide polymorphisms; markers that, due to linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in the genome, are able to act as “proxies” for other polymorphic sites. As such, these tag markers are assumed to capture, on their own, a large proportion of the genetic variation contributed by a much greater number of polymorphic sites. One important consequence of this is the potential ability to reduce the cost of genotyping in an association study without a corresponding loss of power. This application carries an implicit assumption that strong LD between markers implies high correlation between the accompanying association test results, so that once a tag marker is evaluated for association, its outcome will be representative of all the other markers for which it serves as proxy. We examined this assumption directly. We find that in the null hypothesis situation, where there is no association between the markers and the phenotype, the relationship between LD and the correlation between association test outcomes is clear, though it is not always ideal. In the alternative case, when genetic association does exist in the region, the relationship becomes much more complex. Here, reasonably high LD between markers does not necessarily imply that the association test result of one marker is a direct substitute for that of the other. In these cases, eliminating one of these markers from the set to be genotyped in an association study will lead to a reduction in overall power. Genet. Epidemiol . 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DA - 2008/9//
PY - 2008/9//
DO - 10.1002/gepi.20328
VL - 32
IS - 6
SP - 546-552
SN - 0741-0395
KW - linkage disequilibrium
KW - association mapping
KW - negative correlation
KW - case control
KW - transmission disequilibrium
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Bole girdling affects metabolic properties and root, trunk and branch hydraulics of young ponderosa pine trees
AU - Domec, Jean-Christophe
AU - Pruyn, Michele L.
T2 - TREE PHYSIOLOGY
AB - Effects of trunk girdling on seasonal patterns of xylem water status, water transport and woody tissue metabolic properties were investigated in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws.) trees. At the onset of summer, there was a sharp decrease in stomatal conductance (gs) in girdled trees followed by a full recovery after the first major rainfall in September. Eliminating the root as a carbohydrate sink by girdling induced a rapid reversible reduction in gs. Respiratory potential (a laboratory measure of tissue-level respiration) increased above the girdle (branches and upper trunk) and decreased below the girdle (lower trunk and roots) relative to control trees during the growing season, but the effect was reversed after the first major rainfall. The increase in branch respiratory potential induced by girdling suggests that the decrease in gs was caused by the accumulation of carbohydrates above the girdle, which is consistent with an observed increase in leaf mass per area in the girdled trees. Trunk girdling did not affect native xylem embolism or xylem conductivity. Both treated and control trunks experienced loss of xylem conductivity ranging from 10% in spring to 30% in summer. Girdling reduced xylem growth and sapwood to leaf area ratio, which in turn reduced branch leaf specific conductivity (LSC). The girdling-induced reductions in gs and transpiration were associated with a decrease in leaf hydraulic conductance. Two years after girdling, when root-to-shoot phloem continuity had been restored, girdled trees had a reduced density of new wood, which increased xylem conductivity and whole-tree LSC, but also vulnerability to embolism.
DA - 2008/10//
PY - 2008/10//
DO - 10.1093/treephys/28.10.1493
VL - 28
IS - 10
SP - 1493-1504
SN - 1758-4469
KW - embolism
KW - hydraulic conductivity
KW - respiration
KW - stomatal conductance
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Visible implant fluorescent elastomer: A reliable marking alternative for snakes
AU - DePerno, C.
AU - Matthews, C.
AU - Pollock, K.
AU - Woodward, D.
T2 - Herpetological Review
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 39
IS - 3
SP - 301-303
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Competition among Eucalyptus trees depends on genetic variation and resource supply
AU - Boyden, S.
AU - Binkley, D.
AU - Stape, J. L.
T2 - Ecology (Brooklyn, New York, N.Y.)
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 89
IS - 10
SP - 2850-2859
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Absolute and relative changes in tree growth rates and changes to the stand diameter distribution of Pinus taeda as a result of midrotation fertilizer applications
AU - Carlson, Colleen A.
AU - Burkhart, Harold E.
AU - Allen, H. Lee
AU - Fox, Thomas R.
T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE
AB - Silvicultural treatments have the potential to change the diameter distribution of a stand, which can alter the final product mix of the stand. Growth and yield models need to account for these changes in the diameter distribution to assess the economic viability of the silvicultural operations. We investigated how the diameter distribution of Pinus taeda L. stands changes as a result of midrotation fertilization. Data from 43 installations of a nitrogen and phosphorus midrotation fertilizer trial series established in the southeastern United States were used in the study. The results indicated that both the absolute growth response and the relative growth response of individual trees were greater among the larger trees. A three-parameter Weibull distribution fitted at each study site was used to investigate how the parameters of the distribution changed with time and treatment. The location and scale parameters of the Weibull distribution were both affected by fertilization. Stand variables, such as site index, age, stand density, and mean diameter at time of fertilization, also affected the location and scale parameters. The shape parameter was not affected by any of the treatments in this study.
DA - 2008/7//
PY - 2008/7//
DO - 10.1139/X08-050
VL - 38
IS - 7
SP - 2063-2071
SN - 0045-5067
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The importance of habitat shape and landscape context to northern bobwhite populations
AU - Riddle, Jason D.
AU - Moorman, Christopher E.
AU - Pollock, Kenneth H.
T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
AB - Abstract: Northern bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus ) populations have declined nationally for at least the past 4 decades. Field borders have been promoted as an important component of conservation plans to reverse this decline. Field border characteristics, such as shape and the landscapes in which the borders are established, have the potential to influence their effectiveness for recovering northern bobwhite populations. We established narrow linear (approx. 3‐m‐wide) and nonlinear field borders on farms in agriculture‐dominated and forest‐dominated landscapes in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, USA, after collecting pretreatment data on summer bobwhite abundance. After establishment of field borders, summer bobwhite abundance nearly doubled on farms in agriculture‐dominated landscapes and increased approximately 57% on farms with nonlinear field borders. Summer bobwhite abundance did not increase on farms with linear field borders in forest‐dominated landscapes. Nonlinear and narrow linear field borders can be used to increase bobwhite numbers on farms in landscapes dominated by agriculture. Less flexibility exists in forest‐dominated landscapes, where we found only nonlinear field borders resulted in an increase.
DA - 2008/8//
PY - 2008/8//
DO - 10.2193/2007-469
VL - 72
IS - 6
SP - 1376-1382
SN - 1937-2817
KW - Colinus virginianus
KW - cropland
KW - field borders
KW - North Carolina
KW - northern bobwhite
KW - point counts
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The conservation and breeding of Eucalyptus urophylla: a case study to better protect important populations and improve productivity
AU - Dvorak, W. S.
AU - Hodge, G. R.
AU - Payn, K. G.
T2 - SOUTHERN FORESTS-A JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE
AB - Abstract Eucalyptus urophylla is one of the most commercially important forest species in the world, primarily as a hybrid parent. However, the conservation status of the majority of the populations where it naturally occurs on seven islands in eastern Indonesia range from critically endangered to vulnerable. We examine the evolutionary forces that might have caused genetic variation within and between E. urophylla populations and link these findings to international provenance trial results and molecular marker studies. We demonstrate that one climatic type does not describe all E. urophylla populations. We suggest that volcanism played an important role in its distribution and levels of genetic diversity on the islands. We report significant provenance variation for survival and growth in trials established in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, South Africa and Venezuela. Provenance differences for growth within a country are sometimes >50%. Based on these assessments, we develop an ex situ conservation strategy to protect populations that are most threatened but also show the greatest productivity across countries. We conclude that populations of E. urophylla will only be conserved ex situ if traditional and molecular tree breeders convince private industry of the economic importance to do so. Keywords: CAMCORECONSERVATION STATUSDISEASEGENETIC DIVERSITY
DA - 2008/8//
PY - 2008/8//
DO - 10.2989/south.for.2008.70.2.3.531
VL - 70
IS - 2
SP - 77-85
SN - 2070-2639
KW - Camcore
KW - conservation status
KW - disease
KW - genetic diversity
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Spatio-temporal analysis of Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera : Circulionidae : Scolytinae) invasion in eastern US forests
AU - Koch, F. H.
AU - Smith, W. D.
T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY
AB - The non-native redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), has recently emerged as a significant pest of southeastern U.S. coastal forests. Specifically, a fungal symbiont (Raffaelea sp.) of X. glabratus has caused mortality of redbay (Persea borbonia) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum) trees in the region; several other Lauraceae species also seem susceptible. Although the range of X. glabratus continues to expand rapidly, little is known about the species' biology and behavior. In turn, there has been no broad-scale assessment of the threat it poses to eastern U.S. forests. To provide a basic information framework, we performed analyses exploiting relevant spatio-temporal data available for X. glabratus. First, we mapped the densities of redbay and sassafras from forest inventory data. Second, we used climate matching to delineate potential geographic limits for X. glabratus. Third, we used county infestation data to estimate the rate of spread and modeled spread through time, incorporating host density as a weighting factor. Our results suggest that (1) key areas with high concentrations of redbay have yet to be invaded, but some are immediately threatened; (2) climatic conditions may serve to constrain X. glabratus to the southeastern U.S. coastal region; and (3) if unchecked, X. glabratus may spread throughout the range of redbay in <40 yr. Disruption of anthropogenic, long-distance dispersal could reduce the likelihood of this outcome.
DA - 2008/4//
PY - 2008/4//
DO - 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[442:SAOXGC]2.0.CO;2
VL - 37
IS - 2
SP - 442-452
SN - 1938-2936
KW - Xyleborus glabratus
KW - ambrosia beetle
KW - redbay
KW - climate matching
KW - cost-weighted distance
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Modeling mid-rotation fertilizer responses using the age-shift approach
AU - Carlson, Colleen A.
AU - Fox, Thomas R.
AU - Allen, H. Lee
AU - Albaugh, Timothy J.
T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
AB - Growth and yield modelers have incorporated mid-rotation fertilizer responses by: modifying site index; developing new models to include fertilizer responses directly; using multipliers or additional terms to scale existing models. We investigated the use of age-shifts to model mid-rotation fertilizer responses. Age-shift prediction models were constructed from 43 installations of a nitrogen (0, 112, 224 and 336 kg ha−1 elemental) by phosphorus (0, 28 and 56 kg ha−1 elemental) factorial experiment established in mid-rotation loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pine stands in the southeastern US. Age-shifts for dominant height and basal area increased with time after fertilization, to a maximum and then either remained fairly constant, or declined. The initial rate of increase, maximum age-shift and decline were functions of the rate and combinations of fertilizers applied, as well as stand density and age at fertilization. Volume age-shifts increased linearly throughout the 10-year measurement period for most treatments with the rate of increase being a function of the elements applied, stocking, site index and age at fertilization. A mid-rotation fertilizer application of 224 and 28 kg ha−1 elemental N and P, respectively, resulted in age-shifts of 1.1, 1.9 and 2.4 years for dominant height, basal area and volume, respectively, 10 years after fertilization. The age-shifts were incorporated into growth and yield models.
DA - 2008/7/30/
PY - 2008/7/30/
DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.020
VL - 256
IS - 3
SP - 256-262
SN - 0378-1127
KW - time-gain
KW - yield prediction
KW - Pinus taeda
KW - loblolly
KW - pine
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Estimating harvest costs for fuel treatments in the West
AU - Arriagada, R. A.
AU - Cubbage, F. W.
AU - Abt, K. L.
AU - Huggett, R. J.
T2 - Forest Products Journal
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 58
IS - 7-8
SP - 24-30
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Estimated home ranges can misrepresent habitat relationships on patchy landscapes
AU - Mitchell, Michael S.
AU - Powell, Roger A.
T2 - ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
AB - Home ranges of animals are generally structured by the selective use of resource-bearing patches that comprise habitat. Based on this concept, home ranges of animals estimated from location data are commonly used to infer habitat relationships. Because home ranges estimated from animal locations are largely continuous in space, the resource-bearing patches selected by an animal from a fragmented distribution of patches would be difficult to discern; unselected patches included in the home range estimate would bias an understanding of important habitat relationships. To evaluate potential for this bias, we generated simulated home ranges based on optimal selection of resource-bearing patches across a series of simulated resource distributions that varied in the spatial continuity of resources. For simulated home ranges where selected patches were spatially disjunct, we included interstitial, unselected cells most likely to be traveled by an animal moving among selected patches. We compared characteristics of the simulated home ranges with and without interstitial patches to evaluate how insights derived from field estimates can differ from actual characteristics of home ranges, depending on patchiness of landscapes. Our results showed that contiguous home range estimates could lead to misleading insights on the quality, size, resource content, and efficiency of home ranges, proportional to the spatial discontinuity of resource-bearing patches. We conclude the potential bias of including unselected, largely irrelevant patches in the field estimates of home ranges of animals can be high, particularly for home range estimators that assume uniform use of space within home range boundaries. Thus, inferences about the habitat relationships that ultimately define an animal's home range can be misleading where animals occupy landscapes with patchily distributed resources.
DA - 2008/9/10/
PY - 2008/9/10/
DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.05.001
VL - 216
IS - 3-4
SP - 409-414
SN - 1872-7026
KW - habitat quality
KW - home range estimate
KW - optimal home range
KW - patchy landscape
KW - resource distribution
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A comparison of methods for estimating northern bobwhite covey detection probabilities
AU - Riddle, J. D.
AU - Moorman, C. E.
AU - Pollock, K. H.
T2 - Journal of Wildlife Management
AB - Abstract: We compared the time‐of‐detection and logistic regression methods of estimating probability of detection for northern bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus ) coveys. Both methods are unusual in that they allow estimation of the total probability of detection (i.e., the product of the probability that a covey is available for detection [i.e., that a covey vocalizes] and detection given availability). The logistic regression method produced an average detection probability of 0.596 (SE = 0.020) and the time‐of‐detection method produced a detection probability estimate of 0.540 (SE = 0.086), and the 2 estimates were not significantly different. This is the first evaluation of the time‐of‐detection method with empirical field data. Although the time‐of‐detection and logistic regression method each have advantages, both can be used under appropriate conditions to improve estimates of bobwhite abundance by allowing for the estimation of detection probabilities. Improved estimates of bobwhite abundance will allow land managers to make more informed management decisions.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.2193/2007-435
VL - 72
IS - 6
SP - 1437-1442
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Maximum height in a conifer is associated with conflicting requirements for xylem design
AU - Domec, Jean-Christophe
AU - Lachenbruch, Barbara
AU - Meinzer, Frederick C.
AU - Woodruff, David R.
AU - Warren, Jeffrey M.
AU - McCulloh, Katherine A.
T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AB - Despite renewed interest in the nature of limitations on maximum tree height, the mechanisms governing ultimate and species-specific height limits are not yet understood, but they likely involve water transport dynamics. Tall trees experience increased risk of xylem embolism from air-seeding because tension in their water column increases with height because of path-length resistance and gravity. We used morphological measurements to estimate the hydraulic properties of the bordered pits between tracheids in Douglas-fir trees along a height gradient of 85 m. With increasing height, the xylem structural modifications that satisfied hydraulic requirements for avoidance of runaway embolism imposed increasing constraints on water transport efficiency. In the branches and trunks, the pit aperture diameter of tracheids decreases steadily with height, whereas torus diameter remains relatively constant. The resulting increase in the ratio of torus to pit aperture diameter allows the pits to withstand higher tensions before air-seeding but at the cost of reduced pit aperture conductance. Extrapolations of vertical trends for trunks and branches show that water transport across pits will approach zero at a heights of 109 m and 138 m, respectively, which is consistent with historic height records of 100-127 m for this species. Likewise, the twig water potential corresponding to the threshold for runaway embolism would be attained at a height of approximately 107 m. Our results suggest that the maximum height of Douglas-fir trees may be limited in part by the conflicting requirements for water transport and water column safety.
DA - 2008/8/19/
PY - 2008/8/19/
DO - 10.1073/pnas.0710418105
VL - 105
IS - 33
SP - 12069-12074
SN - 0027-8424
KW - air-seeding pressure
KW - bordered pit
KW - embolism
KW - hydraulic architecture
KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Impacts of religion on environmental worldviews: The Teton Valley case
AU - Peterson, M. Nils
AU - Liu, Jianguo
T2 - SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES
AB - Environmental worldviews are rooted in culture, and religion defines many cultures. While several studies have addressed the relationship between religion and environmental worldviews, few studies controlled for nonreligious regional culture and political affiliation. We addressed this gap with a case study in the Teton Valley of Idaho and Wyoming, USA. After controlling for demographic factors, environmental worldviews significantly related to being Mormon (member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints), being Christian, not being affiliated with organized religion, political affiliation, and regional culture (n = 401, F = 22.71, R 2 = .41). Environmental worldviews, however, were not related to religiosity. Those not affiliated with organized religion were most environmentally oriented, Mormon respondents were the least environmentally oriented, and Roman Catholics and other Christians fell in the middle. Longer term residents scored significantly lower than newcomers, and Republicans scored...
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1080/08941920802191852
VL - 21
IS - 8
SP - 704-718
SN - 1521-0723
KW - Catholic
KW - Christian
KW - environmentalism
KW - LDS
KW - Mormon
KW - NEP
KW - politics
KW - religion
KW - worldview
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - EFFECTS OF VEGETATION AND BACKGROUND NOISE ON THE DETECTION PROCESS IN AUDITORY AVIAN POINT-COUNT SURVEYS
AU - Pacifici, Krishna
AU - Simons, Theodore R.
AU - Pollock, Kenneth H.
T2 - The Auk
AB - We used a bird-song simulation system to experimentally assess the effects of habitat, vegetation structure, and background noise on detection probability in aural avian point counts. We simulated bird songs of seven species in two habitats (mixed pine–hardwood forest and deciduous forest) and two leaf conditions (leaves on and leaves off) with two levels of background noise (~40 dB and ~50 dB). Estimated detection probabilities varied greatly among species, and complex interactions among all the factors existed. Background noise and the presence of leaves on trees decreased detection probabilities, and estimated detection probabilities were higher in mixed pine–hardwood forest than in deciduous forest. At 100 m, average estimated detection probabilities ranged from 0 to 1 and were lowest for the Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia) and highest for the Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum). Simulations of expected counts, based on the best logistic model, indicated that observers detect between 3% (for the worst observer, least detectable species, with leaves on the trees and added background noise in the deciduous forest) and 99% (for the best observer, most detectable species, with no leaves on the trees and no added background noise in the mixed forest) of the total count. The large variation in expected counts illustrates the importance of estimating detection probabilities directly. The large differences in detection probabilities among species suggest that tailoring monitoring protocols to specific species of interest may produce better estimates than a single protocol applied to a wide range of species.
DA - 2008/7//
PY - 2008/7//
DO - 10.1525/auk.2008.07078
VL - 125
IS - 3
SP - 600-607
J2 - The Auk
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0004-8038 1938-4254
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2008.07078
DB - Crossref
KW - aural detections
KW - background noise
KW - detection probability
KW - habitat effects
KW - point counts
KW - population indices
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Chloroplast DNA phylogeography in long-lived Huon pine, a Tasmanian rain forest conifer
AU - Clark, Catherine M.
AU - Carbone, Ignazio
T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
AB - Genealogy based methods were used to estimate phylogeographic history for a Tasmanian endemic conifer, Huon pine ( Lagarostrobos franklinii (Hook. f.) Quinn). DNA from trees in eight populations was sequenced using three chloroplast primers (trnS–trnT, trnD–trnT, and psbC–trnS). Mean nucleotide diversity was low (π = 0.000 93 ± 0.000 06) from 892 base pairs of sequence, but varied in stands from 0.0 to 0.001 15. Two of the five haplotypes were widely distributed, but the most frequently occurring haplotype was found only in the western portion of the range. Population structure was highly significant among populations overall (G ST = 0.261, where G ST is the coefficient of gene differentiation, and p ≤ 0.0001), and there were indications of significant isolation by distance (p ≤ 0.022). Populations exhibited the highest levels of differentiation between the southeastern and northwestern watersheds. Estimates of migration between populations obtained using both parametric and nonparametric methods indicated levels of gene flow consistent with an isolation by distance model. Nested clade analysis demonstrated a pattern of genetic diversity in Huon pine that is consistent with a history of range expansion. The exceptionally low level of nucleotide diversity, haplotype distribution, and paleoecological data are congruent with a history of long-term range reduction, population bottlenecks, and subsequent colonization events from refugial areas.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1139/X07-209
VL - 38
IS - 6
SP - 1576-1589
SN - 1208-6037
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - An evaluation of long-term capture effects in ursids: Implications for wildlife welfare and research
AU - Cattet, Marc
AU - Boulanger, John
AU - Stenhouse, Gordon
AU - Powell, Roger A.
AU - Reynolds-Hogland, Melissa. L.
T2 - JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
AB - The need to capture wild animals for conservation, research, and management is well justified, but long-term effects of capture and handling remain unclear. We analyzed standard types of data collected from 127 grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) captured 239 times in western Alberta, Canada, 1999–2005, and 213 American black bears (U. americanus) captured 363 times in southwestern North Carolina, 1981–2002, to determine if we could detect long-term effects of capture and handling, that is, effects persisting ≥ 1 month. We measured blood serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin to assess muscle injury in association with different methods of capture. Serum concentrations of AST and CK were above normal in a higher proportion of captures by leghold snare (64% of 119 grizzly bear captures and 66% of 165 black bear captures) than capture by helicopter darting (18% of 87 grizzly bear captures) or by barrel trap (14% of 7 grizzly bear captures and 29% of 7 black bear captures). Extreme AST values (>5 times upper reference limit) in 7 (6%) grizzly bears and 29 (18%) black bears captured by leghold snare were consistent with the occurrence of exertional (capture) myopathy. We calculated daily movement rates for 91 radiocollared grizzly bears and 128 radiocollared black bears to determine if our activities affected their mobility during a 100-day period after capture. In both species, movement rates decreased below mean normal rate immediately after capture (grizzly bears: X̄ = 57% of normal, 95% confidence interval = 45–74%; black bears: 77%, 64–88%) and then returned to normal in 3–6 weeks (grizzly bears: 28 days, 20–37 days; black bears: 36 days, 19–53 days). We examined the effect of repeated captures on age-related changes in body condition of 127 grizzly bears and 207 black bears and found in both species that age-specific body condition of bears captured ≥2 times (42 grizzly bears and 98 black bears) tended to be poorer than that of bears captured once only (85 grizzly bears and 109 black bears), with the magnitude of effect directly proportional to number of times captured and the effect more evident with age. Importantly, the condition of bears did not affect their probability of capture or recapture. These findings challenge persons engaged in wildlife capture to examine their capture procedures and research results carefully. Significant capture-related effects may go undetected, providing a false sense of the welfare of released animals. Further, failure to recognize and account for long-term effects of capture and handling on research results can potentially lead to erroneous interpretations.
DA - 2008/8//
PY - 2008/8//
DO - 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-095.1
VL - 89
IS - 4
SP - 973-990
SN - 1545-1542
KW - American black bear
KW - body condition
KW - exertional myopathy
KW - grizzly bear
KW - long-term capture effects
KW - movement rates
KW - muscle injury
KW - ursids
KW - Ursus americanus
KW - Ursus arctos
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Thinking locally for urban forest restoration: A simple method links exotic species invasion to local landscape structure
AU - Vidra, Rebecca L.
AU - Shear, Theodore H.
T2 - RESTORATION ECOLOGY
AB - Abstract Restoring urban forests often involves eradicating exotic species and diligently guarding against future invasions. Understanding how landscape structure contributes to the distribution of exotic species may inform these management efforts. To date, the distribution of exotic species in forested patches has been correlated with the type of development surrounding the patch, with those surrounded by agricultural or urban development often more highly invaded. Yet, previous studies have categorized land use types and have not examined more local‐scale changes in land use. These local changes may be particularly important in urban areas where forested patches are immediately surrounded by diverse land use types. Our study examined how two key aspects of landscape structure, patch size and adjacent land use, may influence patterns of exotic species invasion of riparian buffers within Raleigh and Cary, North Carolina, United States. We found that large patch size alone, in our case, wide riparian buffers, does not protect against exotic species invasion. Patches surrounded by higher canopy‐cover landscapes (e.g., forests and older residential developments with mature canopy) were more likely to be invaded than those surrounded by less canopy cover (e.g., shopping malls and other commercial development). We attribute these results, in part, to increased pressure from exotic propagules from adjacent forests. When restoring urban forests, attention should be paid to local land use to better plan for successful, long‐term eradication of exotic species.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00387.x
VL - 16
IS - 2
SP - 217-220
SN - 1061-2971
KW - exotic species
KW - greenways
KW - landscape context
KW - landscape structure
KW - riparian buffers
KW - urban forest
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Property tax policy and land-use change
AU - Polyakov, Maksym
AU - Zhang, Daowei
T2 - LAND ECONOMICS
AB - In this study, we analyze the effect of property taxes on changes between agricultural, forestry, Conservation Reserve Program, and developed land uses in Louisiana. We estimate a random parameters logit model of land-use conversion from the National Resources Inventory plot data. Our results indicate that land-use changes are inelastic with respect to property taxes. Simulation shows that current use valuation policy, while slowing down development of rural lands, also affects changes between rural land uses. (JEL Q15, H23)
DA - 2008/8//
PY - 2008/8//
DO - 10.3368/le.84.3.396
VL - 84
IS - 3
SP - 396-408
SN - 1543-8325
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Microsatellite diversity and genetic structure of the commercially important tropical tree species Eucalyptus urophylla, endemic to seven islands in eastern Indonesia
AU - Payn, Kitt G.
AU - Dvorak, William S.
AU - Janse, Bernard J. H.
AU - Myburg, Alexander A.
T2 - TREE GENETICS & GENOMES
DA - 2008/7//
PY - 2008/7//
DO - 10.1007/s11295-007-0128-7
VL - 4
IS - 3
SP - 519-530
SN - 1614-2950
KW - SSR
KW - breeding
KW - conservation
KW - Eucalypt
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Evaluating wood energy users in North Carolina and the potential for using logging chips to expand wood fuel use
AU - Hazel, D. W.
AU - Bardon, R. E.
T2 - Forest Products Journal
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 58
IS - 5
SP - 34-39
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Ecological and genetic factors that define the natural distribution of Carolina hemlock in the southeastern United States and their role in ex situ conservation
AU - Jetton, Robert M.
AU - Dvorak, William S.
AU - Whittier, W. Andrew
T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
AB - Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.) is a rare endemic found in the Appalachian Mountains and Upper Piedmont of the southeastern United States. It is being decimated by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand), an exotic pest introduced into the region from Japan several decades ago. We examine ecological, genetic and climatic factors in natural stands that characterize the species’ occurrence to better determine where ex situ conservation plantings should be established. To facilitate species/site matching, we use FloraMap™ software that quantifies climatic variables at provenance collection sites to predict other areas where Carolina hemlock could be planted in the U.S. and Latin America. Results indicate that based on analysis of 15 populations, Carolina hemlock is found on predominantly sandy-clay loam soils but occurs on a wider range of soil textural groups than previously thought. Its natural occurrence represents two different climatic groups, with the Cradle of Forestry, NC site most different than the rest. FloraMap™ predicts with high probability that Carolina hemlock populations can be successfully moved to central Chile, and with lower probability to the Ozark region of Arkansas and southern Brazil. Camcore, North Carolina State University, has now collected seeds from 12 provenances and 77 mother trees in natural populations of Carolina hemlock and distributed these to the three regions listed above. Our goal is to sample 150 trees from the 15 provenances which will sample most of the species’ genetic diversity for ex situ conservation. The ex situ approach offers an alternate means of protecting the species if efforts to control the adelgid fail in the southeastern US.
DA - 2008/5/15/
PY - 2008/5/15/
DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.032
VL - 255
IS - 8-9
SP - 3212-3221
SN - 0378-1127
KW - Tsuga caroliniana
KW - gene conservation
KW - Adelges tsugae
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Direct observation of inversion domain boundaries of GaN on c-sapphire at sub-Angstrom resolution
AU - Liu, Fude
AU - Collazo, Ramon
AU - Mita, Seiji
AU - Sitar, Zlatko
AU - Pennycook, Stephen J.
AU - Duscher, Gerd
T2 - ADVANCED MATERIALS
AB - Inversion domain boundaries (IDBs) of GaN are studied by a high-resolution technique. The IDB separates adjacent domains of opposite polarity. The image shows a GaN IDB in the [bar;2110] projection. The theoretical IDB structure fits the experimentally obtained structure well. The inset is an image acquired from a very thin region on the right side of the IDB. It can indicate the polarity of GaN directly.
DA - 2008/6/4/
PY - 2008/6/4/
DO - 10.1002/adma.200702522
VL - 20
IS - 11
SP - 2162-+
SN - 1521-4095
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Comparison of static and switching characteristics of 1200 V 4H-SiCBJT and 1200 V Si-IGBT
AU - Gao, Yan
AU - Huang, Alex Q.
AU - Krishnaswami, Sumi
AU - Richmond, Jim
AU - Agarwal, Anant K.
T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
AB - In this paper, static and switching characteristics of a 1200 V 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) bipolar junction transistor (BJT) at a bus voltage of 600 V are reported for the first time. Comparison was made between the SiC BJT and a 1200 V Si insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). The experimental data show that the SiC BJT has much smaller conduction and switching losses than the Si IGBT. The SiC BJT also shows an extremely large reverse bias safe operation area, and no second breakdown was observed. This removes one of the most unattractive aspects of the BJT. The results prove that, unlike Si BJTs, BJTs in 4H-SiC are good competitors for Si IGBTs.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1109/TIA.2008.921408
VL - 44
IS - 3
SP - 887-893
SN - 1939-9367
KW - loss
KW - reverse-biased safe operating area (RBSOA)
KW - Si insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)
KW - silicon carbide bipolar junction transistor (SiC BJT)
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Bayesian spatial modeling of data from avian point count surveys
AU - Webster, Raymond A.
AU - Pollock, Kenneth H.
AU - Simons, Theodore R.
T2 - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1198/108571108X311563
VL - 13
IS - 2
SP - 121-139
SN - 1537-2693
KW - binomial counts
KW - CAR models
KW - detection histories
KW - detection probability
KW - MCMC
KW - population density estimation
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A reference data set of hillslope rainfall-runoff response, Panola Mountain Research Watershed, United States
AU - Meerveld, H. J. T. V.
AU - James, A. L.
AU - McDonnell, J. J.
AU - Peters, N. E.
T2 - Water Resources Research
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 44
IS - 6
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Stress-responsive microRNAs in Populus
AU - Lu, Shanfa
AU - Sun, Ying-Hsuan
AU - Chiang, Vincent L.
T2 - PLANT JOURNAL
AB - MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small non-coding RNAs, have recently become the subject of intense study. They are a class of post-transcriptional negative regulators playing vital roles in plant development and growth. However, little is known about their regulatory roles in the responses of trees to the stressful environments incurred over their long-term growth. Here, we report the cloning of small RNAs from abiotic stressed tissues of Populus trichocarpa (Ptc) and the identification of 68 putative miRNA sequences that can be classified into 27 families based on sequence homology. Among them, nine families are novel, increasing the number of the known Ptc-miRNA families from 33 to 42. A total of 346 targets was predicted for the cloned Ptc-miRNAs using penalty scores of =2.5 for mismatched patterns in the miRNA:mRNA duplexes as the criterion. Six of the selected targets were validated experimentally. The expression of a majority of the novel miRNAs was altered in response to cold, heat, salt, dehydration, and mechanical stresses. Microarray analysis of known Ptc-miRNAs identified 19 additional cold stress-responsive Ptc-miRNAs from 14 miRNA gene families. Interestingly, we found that individual miRNAs of a family responded differentially to stress, which suggests that the members of a family may have different functions. These results reveal possible roles for miRNAs in the regulatory networks associated with the long-term growth of tree species and provide useful information for developing trees with a greater level of stress resistance.
DA - 2008/7//
PY - 2008/7//
DO - 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03497.x
VL - 55
IS - 1
SP - 131-151
SN - 1365-313X
KW - microRNA
KW - Populus trichocarpa
KW - abiotic stress
KW - cold stress
KW - trees
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Resin flow responses to fertilization, wounding and fungal inoculation in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in North Carolina
AU - Knebel, Larissa
AU - Robison, Daniel J.
AU - Wentworth, Thomas R.
AU - Klepzig, Kier D.
T2 - TREE PHYSIOLOGY
AB - Resin flow is the primary means of natural defense against southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.), the most important insect pest of Pinus spp. in the southern United States. As a result, factors affecting resin flow are of interest to researchers and forest managers. We examined the influence of fertilization, artificial wounding and fungal inoculation on resin flow in 6- and 12-year-old stands of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and determined the extent of that influence within and above the wounded stem area and through time. Fertilization increased constitutive resin flow, but only the younger trees sustained increased resin flow after wounding and inoculation treatments. An induced resin flow response occurred between 1 and 30 days after wounding and inoculation treatments. Wounding with inoculation resulted in greater resin flow than wounding alone, but increasing amounts of inoculum did not increase resin flow. Increased resin flow (relative to controls) lasted for at least 90 days after wounding and inoculation. This increase appeared to be limited to the area of treatment, at least in younger trees. The long-lasting effects of fungal inoculation on resin flow, as well as the response to fertilization, suggest that acquired resistance through induced resin flow aids in decreasing susceptibility of loblolly pine to southern pine beetle.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1093/treephys/28.6.847
VL - 28
IS - 6
SP - 847-853
SN - 1758-4469
KW - Dendroctonus frontalis
KW - hypersensitive response
KW - Ophiostoma minus
KW - southern pine beetle
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Property rights and landscape planning in the intermountain west: The Teton Valley case
AU - Peterson, M. Nils
AU - Liu, Jianguo
T2 - Landscape and Urban Planning
AB - Non-participation in landscape planning presents a formidable challenge to sustainable development. We hypothesize that even when people hold negative attitudes toward unplanned development, natural property rights values (favorable evaluations of property as an inviolable and pre-political right) prevent them from acting on their concerns. We chose an intermountain west community as a case study to evaluate our hypothesis regarding natural property rights values. All groups were equally and strongly opposed to continuation of rapid unplanned growth, but those with natural property rights values were also adamantly opposed to land use planning. We used a multiple logistic regression model to evaluate the relationship between support for landscape planning and a natural property rights values. An overall significance test of the regression equation indicated the independent variables were significantly predictive of the dependent variable (χ2 128, 8 d.f., p < 0.001) and had high (88.7%) predictive capacity. Natural property rights value was the most important predictor variable, but income was also significant. Sustainable landscape planning requires uncoupling property rights from inviolable and pre-political natural rights. Our results suggest a conversation focused on themes associated with loss of local culture, hypocrisy of building practices, and market control over development could facilitate the aforementioned uncoupling and development planning that promotes both security for land owners and public welfare.
DA - 2008/5//
PY - 2008/5//
DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.01.003
VL - 86
IS - 2
SP - 126-133
J2 - Landscape and Urban Planning
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0169-2046
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.01.003
DB - Crossref
KW - attitudes
KW - citizenship
KW - conflict
KW - democracy
KW - politics
KW - sustainable development
KW - values
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Nutrient use and uptake in Pinus taeda
AU - Albaugh, Timothy J.
AU - Allen, H. Lee
AU - Fox, Thomas R.
T2 - TREE PHYSIOLOGY
AB - We quantified nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) content, use (nutrient amount for one growth year), retranslocation (nutrients recycled before foliage senescence), uptake (use minus retranslocation), volume production per unit of uptake and fertilizer-uptake efficiency (percent applied taken up) in a 2 x 2 (nutrient and water) factorial experiment replicated four times in an 8-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand growing on a nutrient-poor sandy soil in Scotland County, North Carolina, USA. Over 14 years, we applied 1140, 168, 393, 168 and 146 kg ha(-1) of elemental N, P, K, Ca and Mg fertilizer, respectively, and an average of 710 mm year(-1) of irrigation. All plots received complete vegetation control. Fertilization about doubled tissue N, P, K and Mg contents at age 21, whereas irrigation resulted in smaller increases in nutrient contents. Maximum annual uptake was 101, 9.3, 44, 37 and 13 kg ha(-1) year(-1) and volume production per unit of nutrient uptake was 0.35, 3.5, 0.66, 1.1 and 3.1 m(3) kg(-1), for N, P, K, Ca and Mg, respectively. Irrigated plots had greater volume production per unit of N, P, K and Mg uptake than control plots, likely because irrigation allowed photosynthesis to continue during dry periods. Fertilized plus irrigated plots had less volume production per unit of these elements than the fertilized plots either because nutrient uptake exceeded the requirement for optimum growth or because available water (rainfall plus irrigation) was insufficient for the leaf area achieved with fertilization. At age 19, fertilizer-uptake efficiencies for N, P, K, Ca and Mg were 53, 24, 62, 57 and 39%, respectively, and increased with irrigation to 68, 36, 78, 116 and 55%, respectively. The scale of fertilizer uptake was likely a result of low native site nutrient availability, study longevity, measurement of all tissue components on site, a comprehensive assessment of coarse roots, and the 3-m rooting depth. Ecosystem nitrogen retention (applied nitrogen found in living plant material, litter fall and soil to 150-cm depth) was estimated at 79% at age 17, a value that would likely be greater when including soil nitrogen to rooting depth and calculating retention at age 21 when the study ended. The ecosystem retention value provides evidence that intensive site resource management can be accomplished with low likelihood of applied materials moving offsite.
DA - 2008/7//
PY - 2008/7//
DO - 10.1093/treephys/28.7.1083
VL - 28
IS - 7
SP - 1083-1098
SN - 0829-318X
KW - fertilizer efficiency
KW - leaf area index
KW - volume production
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Interpreting morphological features in wetland soils with a hydrologic model
AU - Vepraskas, M. J.
AU - Caldwell, P. V.
T2 - CATENA
AB - Wetlands in the United States are protected by law and are identified by their hydric soils, wetland hydrology, and vegetation. Hydric soils are easily identified by color characteristics termed hydric soil field indicators, that form under saturated and anaerobic conditions, but wetland hydrology is difficult to assess. This study determines how often seven hydric soil field indicators met wetland hydrology requirements which require a water table be within 30 cm of the surface for 14 days or more during the growing season in over half the years. Studies were conducted at five sites in North Carolina in both wetland and upland plots. Soils ranged from Aquic Paleudults to Typic Haplosaprists across all sites. The water-table simulation model DRAINMOD was calibrated to soil conditions in individual plots. Long-term rainfall data were used with the calibrated models to compute 40 years of daily water table data to represent both wet and dry years. It was found that the hydric soils with field indicators composed of organic materials in layers over 20 cm thick (Histosol and Histic epipedon field indicators) met wetland hydrology requirements each year, and in addition were ponded with water for periods between 67 to 139 days on average each year during the growing season. Plots in mineral soils having the Dark Surface (S7) indicator as well as the Sandy Mucky Mineral (S1) indicator also met the saturation requirements for wetland hydrology every year, and were ponded for only 3 days per year on average. Other mineral soils with an Umbric Surface (F13) or a Depleted Matrix (F3) field indicator met wetland hydrology requirements in approximately 95% of the years, and had water tables within 30 cm of the surface for 40 days per year on average. The Redox Depressions (F8) field indicator occurred in a small depression that was saturated for 87% of the year for periods averaging approximately 30 days. These results showed that hydric soil field indicators can be calibrated to long-term water table data that will allow precise assessments of wetland hydrology on-site.
DA - 2008/4/15/
PY - 2008/4/15/
DO - 10.1016/j.catena.2007.07.005
VL - 73
IS - 2
SP - 153-165
SN - 1872-6887
KW - wetlands
KW - hydric soils
KW - wetland hydrology
KW - modeling
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Inferences about ungulate population dynamics derived from age ratios
AU - Harris, Nyeema C.
AU - Kauffman, Matthew J.
AU - Mills, L. Scott
T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
AB - Abstract: Age ratios (e.g., calf:cow for elk and fawn:doe for deer) are used regularly to monitor ungulate populations. However, it remains unclear what inferences are appropriate from this index because multiple vital rate changes can influence the observed ratio. We used modeling based on elk ( Cervus elaphus ) life‐history to evaluate both how age ratios are influenced by stage‐specific fecundity and survival and how well age ratios track population dynamics. Although all vital rates have the potential to influence calf:adult female ratios (i.e., calf:cow ratios), calf survival explained the vast majority of variation in calf:adult female ratios due to its temporal variation compared to other vital rates. Calf:adult female ratios were positively correlated with population growth rate (Λ) and often successfully indicated population trajectories. However, calf:adult female ratios performed poorly at detecting imposed declines in calf survival, suggesting that only the most severe declines would be rapidly detected. Our analyses clarify that managers can use accurate, unbiased age ratios to monitor arguably the most important components contributing to sustainable ungulate populations, survival rate of young and Λ. However, age ratios are not useful for detecting gradual declines in survival of young or making inferences about fecundity or adult survival in ungulate populations. Therefore, age ratios coupled with independent estimates of population growth or population size are necessary to monitor ungulate population demography and dynamics closely through time.
DA - 2008/7//
PY - 2008/7//
DO - 10.2193/2007-277
VL - 72
IS - 5
SP - 1143-1151
SN - 1937-2817
KW - age ratios
KW - Cervus elaphus
KW - elk
KW - indices
KW - life-stage simulation analysis
KW - monitoring
KW - population growth rate
KW - recruitment
KW - sensitivity analysis
KW - survival
KW - ungulate
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Genetic variation in early growth and bud production among natural populations of fraser fir
AU - Emerson, J. L.
AU - Frampton, J.
AU - McKeand, S. E.
T2 - HortScience
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 43
IS - 3
SP - 661-666
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Evaluating Household-Level Relationships between Environmental Views and Outdoor Recreation: The Teton Valley Case
AU - Peterson, M. Nils
AU - Hull, Vanessa
AU - Mertig, Angela G.
AU - Liu, Jianguo
T2 - Leisure Sciences
AB - Outdoor recreation may foster positive environmental views among participants and their nonparticipating household members, but little research has addressed this hypothesis at the household level. We address this gap with a case study evaluating both the individual-and household-level relationship between outdoor recreation and environmental views using the new ecological paradigm scale (NEP). Results suggest NEP relates positively to appreciative outdoor recreation participation and negatively to nonappreciative outdoor recreation participation for participants and their household members. Future research should focus on how household dynamics mediate the relationship between environmental views and outdoor recreation.
DA - 2008/7//
PY - 2008/7//
DO - 10.1080/01490400802165073
VL - 30
IS - 4
SP - 293-305
J2 - Leisure Sciences
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0149-0400 1521-0588
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490400802165073
DB - Crossref
KW - attitudes
KW - ATV
KW - environmentalism
KW - environmental view
KW - hunting
KW - Idaho
KW - NEP
KW - outdoor recreation
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Environmental and social correlates of physical activity in neighborhood parks: An observational study in Tampa and Chicago
AU - Floyd, Myron F.
AU - Spengler, J. O.
AU - Maddock, Jay E.
AU - Gobster, Paul H.
AU - Suau, Luis
T2 - LEISURE SCIENCES
AB - This study used observational methods to examine physical activity (PA) and selected correlates in 28 parks in Tampa, Florida, and Chicago, Illinois. We observed 9,454 park users within predetermined activity zones and coded their activity as sedentary, walking (i.e., moderate intensity), or vigorous PA. In Tampa, higher temperature, unorganized activity, lower amounts of shade, lower neighborhood income, Hispanic neighborhood ethnicity, male gender and child age group were significantly associated with walking. Vigorous activity was not associated with income and ethnicity. Morning hours, unorganized activity, lower neighborhood income and African American neighborhood ethnicity were associated with walking in Chicago. Vigorous activity was associated with children, lower neighborhood income and African American ethnicity. Findings from this study can inform policy decisions and future research directions.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1080/01490400802165156
VL - 30
IS - 4
SP - 360-375
SN - 1521-0588
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-47649106654&partnerID=MN8TOARS
KW - active living
KW - built environment
KW - health benefits
KW - neighborhood diversity
KW - observational methods
KW - SOPLAY
KW - urban parks
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Drought during canopy development has lasting effect on annual carbon balance in a deciduous temperate forest
AU - Noormets, A.
AU - McNulty, S. G.
AU - DeForest, J. L.
AU - Sun, G.
AU - Li,
AU - Q., Chen
T2 - New Phytologist
AB - • Climate change projections predict an intensifying hydrologic cycle and an increasing frequency of droughts, yet quantitative understanding of the effects on ecosystem carbon exchange remains limited. • Here, the effect of contrasting precipitation and soil moisture dynamics were evaluated on forest carbon exchange using 2 yr of eddy covariance and microclimate data from a 50-yr-old mixed oak woodland in northern Ohio, USA. • The stand accumulated 40% less carbon in a year with drought between bud-break and full leaf expansion (354 ± 81 g C m−2 yr−1 in 2004 and 252 ± 45 g C m−2 yr−1 in 2005). This was caused by greater suppression of gross ecosystem productivity (GEP; 16% = 200 g) than of ecosystem respiration (ER; 11% = 100 g) by drought. Suppressed GEP was traced to lower leaf area, lower apparent quantum yield and lower canopy conductance. The moisture sensitivity of ER may have been mediated by GEP. • The results highlight the vulnerability of the ecosystem to even a moderate drought, when it affects a critical aspect of development. Although the drought was preceded by rain, the storage capacity of the soil seemed limited to 1–2 wk, and therefore droughts longer than this are likely to impair productivity in the region.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02501.x
VL - 179
IS - 3
SP - 818-828
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Cross-site evaluation of eddy covariance GPP and RE decomposition techniques
AU - Desai, Ankur R.
AU - Richardson, Andrew D.
AU - Moffat, Antje M.
AU - Kattge, Jens
AU - Hollinger, David Y.
AU - Barr, Alan
AU - Falge, Eva
AU - Noormets, Asko
AU - Papale, Dario
AU - Reichstein, Markus
AU - Stauch, Vanessa J.
T2 - AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
AB - Eddy covariance flux towers measure net exchange of land–atmosphere flux. For the flux of carbon dioxide, this net ecosystem exchange (NEE) is governed by two processes, gross primary production (GPP) and a sum of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration components known as ecosystem respiration (RE). A number of statistical flux-partitioning methods, often developed to fill missing NEE data, can also be used to estimate GPP and RE from NEE time series. Here we present results of the first comprehensive, multi-site comparison of these partitioning methods. An initial test was performed with a subset of methods in retrieving GPP and RE from NEE generated by an ecosystem model, which was also degraded with realistic noise. All methods produced GPP and RE estimates that were highly correlated with the synthetic data at the daily and annual timescales, but most were biased low, including a parameter inversion of the original model. We then applied 23 different methods to 10 site years of temperate forest flux data, including 10 different artificial gap scenarios (10% removal of observations), in order to investigate the effects of partitioning method choice, data gaps, and intersite variability on estimated GPP and RE. Most methods differed by less than 10% in estimates of both GPP and RE. Gaps added an additional 6–7% variability, but did not result in additional bias. ANOVA showed that most methods were consistent in identifying differences in GPP and RE across sites, leading to increased confidence in previously published multi-site comparisons and syntheses. Several methods produced outliers at some sites, and some methods were systematically biased against the ensemble mean. Larger model spread was found for Mediterranean sites compared to temperate or boreal sites. For both real and synthetic data, high variability was found in modeling of the diurnal RE cycle, suggesting that additional study of diurnal RE mechanisms could help to improve partitioning algorithms.
DA - 2008/6/30/
PY - 2008/6/30/
DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.11.012
VL - 148
IS - 6-7
SP - 821-838
SN - 1873-2240
KW - eddy correlation
KW - carbon balance
KW - net ecosystem exchange
KW - GPP
KW - RE
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Controlling nitrogen release from farm ponds with a subsurface outflow device: Implications for improved water quality in receiving streams
AU - Cope, W. Gregory
AU - Bringolf, Robert B.
AU - Mosher, Shad
AU - Rice, James A.
AU - Noble, Richard L.
AU - Edwards, H. Clifton
T2 - AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
AB - Abstract The retention of nutrients in farm ponds has many potential benefits, including reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus (promoters of eutrophication) in receiving streams. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial subsurface pond outflow control device (Pond Management System™) on nutrient retention in farm ponds. Four ponds of similar size and water chemistry in the upper Tar River basin of North Carolina, USA were studied; three were equipped with the pond outflow control device and one was retained without a device (normal surface outflow) that served as a reference site. Water samples were collected monthly from each pond at 0.3 m intervals from the surface to 2.1 m at a fixed station adjacent to the pond standpipe and from the pond outflow pipe from March to October 2005. The water samples were analyzed for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P), chlorophyll a, and a suite of other physicochemical variables. In ponds with the subsurface outflow device, the mean N concentrations in the outflow were substantially less (6.2–20.7%) than concentrations at the pond surface. Concentrations of N in the outflow were similar to N concentrations at intermediate pond depths (0.9–1.5 m), the depth of the outflow devices, indicating water was drawn from these depths and that N was being retained in the surface layers of the pond. Also, mean water temperatures were 1.1–1.9 °C cooler at intermediate depths compared to the surface, suggesting potential application of the outflow device for minimizing warm water outflows to receiving streams. These results provide evidence that under these conditions a subsurface pond outflow device can reduce nutrient release to receiving streams, thereby increasing overall stream water quality.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.01.015
VL - 95
IS - 6
SP - 737-742
SN - 0378-3774
KW - nitrogen
KW - nutrients eutrophication
KW - best management practice
KW - water quality
KW - pond management
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Comparative analysis of transcript abundance in Pinus sylvestris after challenge with a saprotrophic, pathogenic or mutualistic fungus
AU - Adomas, Aleksandra
AU - Heller, Gregory
AU - Olson, Ake
AU - Osborne, Jason
AU - Karlsson, Magnus
AU - Nahalkova, Jarmila
AU - Van Zyl, Len
AU - Sederoff, Ron
AU - Stenlid, Jan
AU - Finlay, Roger
AU - Asiegbu, Frederick O.
T2 - TREE PHYSIOLOGY
AB - To investigate functional differences in the recognition and response mechanisms of conifer roots to fungi with different trophic strategies, Pinus sylvestris L. was challenged with a saprotrophic fungus Trichoderma aureoviride Rifai. The results were compared with separate studies investigating pine interactions with a pathogen, Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. sensu stricto and an ectomycorrhizal symbiont, Laccaria bicolor Maire (Orton). Global changes in the expression of 2109 conifer genes were assayed 1, 5 and 15 days after inoculation. Gene expression data from a cDNA microarray were analyzed by the 2-interconnected mixed linear model statistical approach. The total number of genes differentially expressed compared with the uninfected control was similar after challenge with the pathogen and the ectomycorrhizal symbiont, but the number of differentially expressed genes increased over time for H. annosum, and decreased for L. bicolor. Inoculation of pine roots with T. aureoviride resulted overall in a much lower number of genes with changed transcript levels compared with inoculation with H. annosum or L. bicolor. Functional classification of the differentially expressed genes revealed that the ectomycorrhizal fungus triggered transient induction of defence-related genes. The response and induction of defence against the pathogen was delayed and the magnitude increased over time. Thus, there were specific transcriptional responses depending on whether the conifer roots were challenged with mutualistic, saprotrophic or pathogenic fungi. This suggests that pine trees are able to recognize diverse fungal species and specifically distinguish whether they are pathogenic, neutral or beneficial microbial agents.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1093/treephys/28.6.885
VL - 28
IS - 6
SP - 885-897
SN - 1758-4469
KW - defence
KW - ectomycorrhiza
KW - Heterobasidion annostan
KW - Laccaria bicolor
KW - microarray
KW - recognition
KW - Trichoderma aureoviride
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Spatial correlation matrix selection using Bayesian model averaging to characterize inter-tree competition in loblolly pine trees
AU - Boone, Edward L.
AU - Bullock, Bronson P.
T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS
AB - Many applications of statistical methods for data that are spatially correlated require the researcher to specify the correlation structure of the data. This can be a difficult task as there are many candidate structures. Some spatial correlation structures depend on the distance between the observed data points while others rely on neighborhood structures. In this paper, Bayesian methods that systematically determine the ‘best’ correlation structure from a predefined class of structures are proposed. Bayes factors, Highest Probability Models, and Bayesian Model Averaging are employed to determine the ‘best’ correlation structure and to average across these structures to create a non-parametric alternative structure for a loblolly pine data-set with known tree coordinates. Tree diameters and heights were measured and an investigation into the spatial dependence between the trees was conducted. Results showed that the most probable model for the spatial correlation structure agreed with allometric trends for loblolly pine. A combined Matern, simultaneous autoregressive model and conditional autoregressive model best described the inter-tree competition among the loblolly pine tree data considered in this research.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1080/02664760802185845
VL - 35
IS - 9
SP - 967-977
SN - 0266-4763
KW - autocorrelation
KW - Bayes factors
KW - BMA
KW - geostatistical models
KW - lattice models
KW - Pinus taeda
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Household location choices: Implications for biodiversity conservation
AU - Peterson, M. Nils
AU - Chen, Xiaodong
AU - Liu, Jianguo
T2 - CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
AB - Abstract: Successful conservation efforts require understanding human behaviors that directly affect biodiversity. Choice of household location represents an observable behavior that has direct effects on biodiversity conservation, but no one has examined the sociocultural predictors of this choice relative to its environmental impacts. We conducted a case study of the Teton Valley of Idaho and Wyoming (U.S.A.) that (1) explored relationships between sociodemographic variables, environmental attitudes, and the environmental impact of household location choices, (2) assessed the potential for small household sizes in natural areas to multiply the environmental impacts of household location decisions, and (3) evaluated how length of residency predicted the environmental attitudes of people living in natural areas. We collected sociodemographic data, spatial coordinates, and land‐cover information in a survey of 416 households drawn from a random sample of Teton Valley residents (95% compliance rate). Immigrants (respondents not born in the study area) with the lowest education levels and least environmentally oriented attitudes lived in previously established residential areas in disproportionately high numbers, and older and more educated immigrants with the most environmentally oriented attitudes lived in natural areas in disproportionately high numbers. Income was not a significant predictor of household location decisions. Those living in natural areas had more environmental impact per person because of the location and because small households (<3 people/household) were 4 times as likely in natural areas as large households. Longer residency in natural areas predicted less environmentally oriented attitudes, suggesting that living in natural areas does not foster more concern for nature. Because populaces are rapidly aging, growing more educated, and potentially growing more environmentally oriented, these patterns are troubling for biodiversity conservation. Our results demonstrate a need for environmentalists to make household location decisions that reflect their environmental attitudes and future research to address how interactions between education level, environmental attitudes, population aging, and household location choices influence biodiversity conservation.
DA - 2008/8//
PY - 2008/8//
DO - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00929.x
VL - 22
IS - 4
SP - 912-921
SN - 0888-8892
KW - aging population
KW - conservation education
KW - conservation planning
KW - environmentalism
KW - household location
KW - land use
KW - sociodemographics
KW - sustainable development
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - High-throughput gene and SNP discovery in Eucalyptus grandis, an uncharacterized genome
AU - Novaes, Evandro
AU - Drost, Derek R.
AU - Farmerie, William G.
AU - Pappas, Georgios J., Jr.
AU - Grattapaglia, Dario
AU - Sederoff, Ronald R.
AU - Kirst, Matias
T2 - BMC GENOMICS
AB - Abstract Background Benefits from high-throughput sequencing using 454 pyrosequencing technology may be most apparent for species with high societal or economic value but few genomic resources. Rapid means of gene sequence and SNP discovery using this novel sequencing technology provide a set of baseline tools for genome-level research. However, it is questionable how effective the sequencing of large numbers of short reads for species with essentially no prior gene sequence information will support contig assemblies and sequence annotation. Results With the purpose of generating the first broad survey of gene sequences in Eucalyptus grandis , the most widely planted hardwood tree species, we used 454 technology to sequence and assemble 148 Mbp of expressed sequences (EST). EST sequences were generated from a normalized cDNA pool comprised of multiple tissues and genotypes, promoting discovery of homologues to almost half of Arabidopsis genes, and a comprehensive survey of allelic variation in the transcriptome. By aligning the sequencing reads from multiple genotypes we detected 23,742 SNPs, 83% of which were validated in a sample. Genome-wide nucleotide diversity was estimated for 2,392 contigs using a modified theta (θ) parameter, adapted for measuring genetic diversity from polymorphisms detected by randomly sequencing a multi-genotype cDNA pool. Diversity estimates in non-synonymous nucleotides were on average 4x smaller than in synonymous, suggesting purifying selection. Non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions (Ka/Ks) among 2,001 contigs averaged 0.30 and was skewed to the right, further supporting that most genes are under purifying selection. Comparison of these estimates among contigs identified major functional classes of genes under purifying and diversifying selection in agreement with previous researches. Conclusion In providing an abundance of foundational transcript sequences where limited prior genomic information existed, this work created part of the foundation for the annotation of the E. grandis genome that is being sequenced by the US Department of Energy. In addition we demonstrated that SNPs sampled in large-scale with 454 pyrosequencing can be used to detect evolutionary signatures among genes, providing one of the first genome-wide assessments of nucleotide diversity and Ka/Ks for a non-model plant species.
DA - 2008/6/30/
PY - 2008/6/30/
DO - 10.1186/1471-2164-9-312
VL - 9
SP -
SN - 1471-2164
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Genetic variation and population structure in Fraser fir (Abies fraseri): a microsatellite assessment of young trees
AU - Potter, Kevin M.
AU - Frampton, John
AU - Josserand, Sedley A.
AU - Nelson, C. Dana
T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research
AB - The island-like populations of Fraser fir ( Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) have been isolated since the end of the late-Wisconsinian glaciation on the highest peaks of the Southern Appalachian Mountains and therefore offer an opportunity to investigate the genetic dynamics of a long-fragmented forest tree species. An analysis of eight microsatellite markers isolated from Fraser fir found that the species was out of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, with a significant deficiency of heterozygosity and a high degree of inbreeding (F IS = 0.223) relative to other conifers, perhaps associated in part with the young life stage of the trees included in the analysis. The analysis detected a significant but small amount of genetic differentiation among Fraser fir populations (F ST = 0.004) and revealed that the geographical and latitudinal distances between populations, but not population area, were significantly correlated with their pairwise genetic differences. Both gene flow and postglacial migration history may have influenced the genetic architecture of the species. The results will be useful in the genetic conservation of Fraser fir, a species experiencing severe mortality following infestation by an exotic insect.
DA - 2008/8//
PY - 2008/8//
DO - 10.1139/X08-064
VL - 38
IS - 8
SP - 2128-2137
J2 - Can. J. For. Res.
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0045-5067 1208-6037
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/X08-064
DB - Crossref
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Comparison of diploid and triploid largemouth bass growth and maturation through age 1 in Puerto Rico
AU - Neal, J. Wesley
AU - Noble, Richard L.
T2 - NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
AB - Abstract Triploid largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides could be valuable both in sport fish management and in food fish production. This study compared the growth and reproductive development of diploid and triploid largemouth bass through age 1 in Lucchetti Reservoir, Puerto Rico. We produced and stocked 487 diploids and 477 triploids tagged with binary coded wire tags and recaptured these fish over 2 years. Growth rates, condition (relative weight (W r )), and reproductive investment (gonadosomatic index (GSI)) were compared for diploid and triploid fish. Rates of mean daily growth did not differ between diploids (0.81 mm/d; SE = 0.07) and triploids (0.91 mm/d; SE = 0.09) as juveniles or overall through age 1. Diploid largemouth bass exhibited advanced reproductive development during age 1, while triploids did not. Mean GSI was higher for diploid females (mean = 1.98; SE = 0.81) than for triploid females (mean = 0.29; SE = 0.05), but male mean GSI did not significantly differ between the two groups. No difference in W r was observed. Experimental fish in this study reached maturity in the middle of the spawning season at age 1 and therefore may not have reproduced. Additional research on triploid largemouth bass beyond age 1 is necessary to determine whether sterile triploids have growth advantages over reproductive adult diploids.
DA - 2008/6//
PY - 2008/6//
DO - 10.1577/m07-046.1
VL - 28
IS - 3
SP - 688-693
SN - 0275-5947
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Top-stop nipper reduces leader growth in fraser fir Christmas trees
AU - Rutledge, M. E.
AU - Frampton, J.
AU - Hinesley, L. E.
AU - Blank, G.
T2 - HortTechnology
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 18
IS - 2
SP - 256-260
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - The effects of intensive management on the leaf characteristics and growth phenology of young yellow-poplar stems
AU - Schuler, Jamie L.
AU - Robison, Daniel J.
T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
AB - Abstract Yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) is one of the more commonly regenerated species in upland Piedmont stands following clearcut reproduction methods. Recent studies show that a variety of silvicultural activities affect the growth of yellow-poplar seedlings. However, the factors responsible for these changes in growth have not been documented in detail. Weed control, fertilization and thinning treatments were imposed on rising 1- and 3-year-old naturally regenerated stands. Stem growth and monthly height growth patterns, and leaf physical and chemical parameters were compared by treatment during the third growing season after treatments were initiated. The response of yellow-poplar to fertilization suggests that inherent site resources are not suitable for optimal growth, especially when stem densities are high. Vector analysis of N, P and K responses to fertilization, weeding and thinning treatments demonstrated that yellow-poplar responded to ameliorations of N and P deficiencies. Thinned + weeded yellow-poplar, with or without fertilization, had a greater percentage of height growth later in the summer compared to other treatments. Foliar characteristics like leaf number, leaf size and nitrogen concentration were positively correlated with stem growth. The largest increases in leaf area were coincident with increases in foliar N and P.
DA - 2008/3/20/
PY - 2008/3/20/
DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.076
VL - 255
IS - 3-4
SP - 787-796
SN - 0378-1127
KW - weed control
KW - fertilization
KW - thinning
KW - natural regeneration
KW - Liriodendron tulipifera
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Research on race and ethnicity in leisure studies: A review of five major journals
AU - Floyd, M.F.
AU - Bocarro, J.N.
AU - Thompson, T.D.
T2 - Journal of Leisure Research
AB - Research on race and ethnicity in leisure will take on greater significance in coming years. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine research related to race and ethnicity within five major leisure journals since their inception to discern quantity of research, thematic patterns in topical areas and to document the research methods used. This assessment identified 150 articles related to race and ethnicity. Nineteen thematic categories were identified. Articles with conceptual discussions, activity and participation studies, and outdoor recreation/forest-based recreation occurred most frequently. Similar to other analyses of the literature, survey research was the most frequently used method of data collection. The discussion focuses on implications for future research on race and ethnicity in leisure studies.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1080/00222216.2008.11950130
VL - 40
IS - 1
SP - 1-22
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-41749089357&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Plasma metabolites and migration physiology of semipalmated sandpipers: refueling performance at five latitudes
AU - Lyons, James E.
AU - Collazo, Jaime A.
AU - Guglielmo, Christopher G.
T2 - OECOLOGIA
DA - 2008/3//
PY - 2008/3//
DO - 10.1007/s00442-007-0921-x
VL - 155
IS - 3
SP - 417-427
SN - 1432-1939
KW - triglyceride
KW - phospholipid
KW - beta-OH-butyrate
KW - glycerol
KW - Calidris pusilla
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Per-pixel classification of high spatial resolution satellite imagery for urban land-cover mapping
AU - Hester, David Barry
AU - Cakir, Halil I.
AU - Nelson, Stacy A. C.
AU - Khorram, Siamak
T2 - PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
AB - Commercial high spatial resolution satellite data now provide a synoptic and consistent source of digital imagery with detail comparable to that of aerial photography. In the work described here, per-pixel classification, image fusion, and GIS-based map refinement techniques were tailored to pan-sharpened 0.61 m QuickBird imagery to develop a six-category urban land-cover map with 89.3 percent overall accuracy ( �� 0.87). The study area was a rapidly developing 71.5 km 2 part of suburban Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A., within the Neuse River basin. “Edge pixels” were a source of classification error as was spectral overlap between bare soil and impervious surfaces and among vegetated cover types. Shadows were not a significant source of classification error. These findings demonstrate that conventional spectral-based classification methods can be used to generate highly accurate maps of urban landscapes using high spatial resolution imagery.
DA - 2008/4//
PY - 2008/4//
DO - 10.14358/PERS.74.4.463
VL - 74
IS - 4
SP - 463-471
SN - 2374-8079
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Dissemination of food crops with nutritional benefits: Adoption and disadoption of soybeans in Togo and Benin
AU - Wendland, Kelly J.
AU - Sills, Erin O.
T2 - NATURAL RESOURCES FORUM
AB - Abstract To combat high rates of malnutrition in sub‐Saharan Africa, the UN Millennium Project has called for increased emphasis on technologies that explicitly link agricultural and nutritional components. While there is a large literature on the factors that influence household decisions to adopt new agricultural technologies with economic or environmental benefits, less is known about the factors that determine the uptake and continued use of agricultural technologies promoted exclusively for their health benefits. Using data from a 2004 survey in the Tamberma region of Togo and Benin, we identify factors that influence the adoption and disadoption of soybeans — a crop being promoted throughout West Africa for its high protein content. Similar to the literature on adoption of other sustainable agriculture technologies, we find that household preferences, resource endowments, and risk and uncertainty affect household decisions about soybeans. However, by analyzing decisions about initial uptake and continued cultivation separately, we uncover the importance of intrahousehold dynamics and experience with the soybean crop. To successfully address malnutrition through new agricultural technologies, researchers and rural extension agents should take a disaggregated view of technology adoption, seeking to identify and tailor their outreach to the different factors important at different stages of the dissemination process.
DA - 2008/2//
PY - 2008/2//
DO - 10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00169.x
VL - 32
IS - 1
SP - 39-52
SN - 1477-8947
KW - Benin
KW - nutrition
KW - soybeans
KW - technology adoption
KW - technology disadoption
KW - Togo
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Rapid EST isolation from chromosome IR of rye
AU - Zhou, Ruo-Nan
AU - Shi, Rui
AU - Jiang, Shu-Mei
AU - Yin, Wei-Bo
AU - Wang, Huang-Huang
AU - Chen, Yu-Hong
AU - Hu, Jun
AU - Wang, Richard R. C.
AU - Zhang, Xiang-Qi
AU - Hu, Zan-Min
T2 - BMC PLANT BIOLOGY
AB - To obtain important expressed sequence tags (ESTs) located on specific chromosomes is currently difficult. Construction of single-chromosome EST library could be an efficient strategy to isolate important ESTs located on specific chromosomes. In this research we developed a method to rapidly isolate ESTs from chromosome 1R of rye by combining the techniques of chromosome microdissection with hybrid specific amplification (HSA).Chromosome 1R was isolated by a glass needle and digested with proteinase K (PK). The DNA of chromosome 1R was amplified by two rounds of PCR using a degenerated oligonucleotide 6-MW sequence with a Sau3AI digestion site as the primer. The PCR product was digested with Sau3AI and linked with adaptor HSA1, then hybridized with the Sau3AI digested cDNA with adaptor HSA2 of rye leaves with and without salicylic acid (SA) treatment, respectively. The hybridized DNA fragments were recovered by the HSA method and cloned into pMD18-T vector. The cloned inserts were released by PCR using the partial sequences in HSA1 and HSA2 as the primers and then sequenced. Of the 94 ESTs obtained and analyzed, 6 were known sequences located on rye chromosome 1R or on homologous group 1 chromosomes of wheat; all of them were highly homologous with ESTs of wheat, barley and/or other plants in Gramineae, some of which were induced by abiotic or biotic stresses. Isolated in this research were 22 ESTs with unknown functions, probably representing some new genes on rye chromosome 1R.We developed a new method to rapidly clone chromosome-specific ESTs from chromosome 1R of rye. The information reported here should be useful for cloning and investigating the new genes found on chromosome 1R.
DA - 2008/3/18/
PY - 2008/3/18/
DO - 10.1186/1471-2229-8-28
VL - 8
SP -
SN - 1471-2229
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Predicting plant diversity based on remote sensing products in the semi-arid region of Inner Mongolia
AU - John, Ranjeet
AU - Chen, Jiquan
AU - Lu, Nan
AU - Guo, Ke
AU - Liang, Cunzhu
AU - Wei, Yafen
AU - Noormets, Asko
AU - Ma, Keping
AU - Han, Xingguo
T2 - REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
AB - Changes in species composition and diversity are the inevitable consequences of climate change, as well as land use and land cover change. Predicting species richness at regional spatial scales using remotely sensed biophysical variables has emerged as a viable mechanism for monitoring species distribution. In this study, we evaluate the utility of MODIS-based productivity (GPP and EVI) and surface water content (NDSVI and LSWI) in predicting species richness in the semi-arid region of Inner Mongolia, China. We found that these metrics correlated well with plant species richness and could be used in biome- and life form-specific models. The relationships were evaluated on the basis of county-level data recorded from the Flora of Inner Mongolia, stratified by administrative (i.e., counties), biome boundaries (desert, grassland, and forest), and grouped by life forms (trees, grasses, bulbs, annuals and shrubs). The predictor variables included: the annual, mean, maximum, seasonal midpoint (EVImid), standard deviation of MODIS-derived GPP, EVI, LSWI and NDSVI. The regional pattern of species richness correlated with GPPSD (R2 = 0.27), which was also the best predictor for bulbs, perennial herbs and shrubs (R2 = 0.36, 0.29 and 0.40, respectively). The predictive power of models improved when counties with > 50% of cropland were excluded from the analysis, where the seasonal dynamics of productivity and species richness deviate patterns in natural systems. When stratified by biome, GPPSD remained the best predictor of species richness in grasslands (R2 = 0.30), whereas the most variability was explained by NDSVImax in forests (R2 = 0.26), and LSWIavg in deserts (R2 = 0.61). The results demonstrated that biophysical estimates of productivity and water content can be used to predict plant species richness at the regional and biome levels.
DA - 2008/5/15/
PY - 2008/5/15/
DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2007.09.013
VL - 112
IS - 5
SP - 2018-2032
SN - 1879-0704
KW - plant species richness
KW - MODIS
KW - semi-arid regions
KW - GPP
KW - LSWI
KW - EVI
KW - NDSVI
KW - Inner Mongolia
KW - China
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Moisture sensitivity of ecosystem respiration: Comparison of 14 forest ecosystems in the Upper Great Lakes Region, USA
AU - Noormets, A.
AU - Desai, A. R.
AU - Cook, B. D.
AU - Euskirchen, E. S.
AU - Ricciuto, D. M.
AU - Davis, K. J.
AU - Bolstad, P. V.
AU - Schmid, H. P.
AU - Vogel, C. V.
AU - Carey, E. V.
AU - Su, H. B.
AU - Chen, J.
T2 - AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
AB - Ecosystem respiration (ER) was measured with the eddy covariance technique in 14 forest ecosystems in the Upper Great Lakes Region during the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003. The response of ER to soil temperature and moisture was analyzed using empirical models. On average, ER was higher in the intermediate and young than in the mature stands, and higher in hardwood than in conifer stands. The seasonal mean temperature-normalized respiration rate (R10) ranged from 1 to 3 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and seasonal mean activation energy (Ea) from 40 to 110 kJ mol−1. The variation in the residuals of temperature response function of ER was best explained by soil moisture content. ER showed higher temperature sensitivity (as indicated by lower Ea) in the young than in the mature stands of coniferous forests, but not in the hardwood forests. The inclusion of soil moisture as an explicit driver of R10 explained an additional 8% (range 0–21%) of variability in ER. Significant moisture sensitivity of ER was detected in only 5 out of 20 site-years and it was associated with bimodal soil moisture distribution. Moisture sensitivity could partially be predicted from statistical moments kurtosis and interquartile range. The data implied greater moisture sensitivity with increasing stand age, possibly due to faster depletion of soil water supplies from a greater evaporative surface in the older stands. Additional limiting factors to ER were implicated.
DA - 2008/2/13/
PY - 2008/2/13/
DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.002
VL - 148
IS - 2
SP - 216-230
SN - 1873-2240
KW - activation energy
KW - boreo-temperate forests
KW - ecosystem respiration
KW - eddy covariance
KW - forest age
KW - moisture sensitivity
KW - soil moisture
KW - soil temperature
KW - temperature sensitivity
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Influence of vegetation and seasonal forcing on carbon dioxide fluxes across the Upper Midwest, USA: Implications for regional scaling
AU - Desai, Ankur R.
AU - Noormets, Asko
AU - Bolstad, Paul V.
AU - Chen, Jiquan
AU - Cook, Bruce D.
AU - Davis, Kenneth J.
AU - Euskirchen, Eugenie S.
AU - Gough, Christopher M.
AU - Martin, Jonathan G.
AU - Ricciuto, Daniel M.
AU - Schmid, Hans Peter
AU - Tang, Jianwu
AU - Wang, Weiguo
T2 - AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
AB - Carbon dioxide fluxes were examined over the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003 from 14 different sites in Upper Midwest (USA) to assess spatial variability of ecosystem–atmosphere CO2 exchange. These sites were exposed to similar temperature/precipitation regimes and spanned a range of vegetation types typical of the region (northern hardwood, mixed forest, red pine, jack pine, pine barrens and shrub wetland). The hardwood and red pine sites also spanned a range of stand ages (young, intermediate, mature). While seasonal changes in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and photosynthetic parameters were coherent across the 2 years at most sites, changes in ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross ecosystem production (GEP) were not. Canopy height and vegetation type were important variables for explaining spatial variability of CO2 fluxes across the region. Light-use efficiency (LUE) was not as strongly correlated to GEP as maximum assimilation capacity (Amax). A bottom-up multi-tower land cover aggregated scaling of CO2 flux to a 2000 km2 regional flux estimate found June to August 2003 NEE, ER and GEP to be −290 ± 89, 408 ± 48, and 698 ± 73 gC m−2, respectively. Aggregated NEE, ER and GEP were 280% larger, 32% smaller and 3% larger, respectively, than that observed from a regionally integrating 447 m tall flux tower. However, when the tall tower fluxes were decomposed using a footprint-weighted influence function and then re-aggregated to a regional estimate, the resulting NEE, ER and GEP were within 11% of the multi-tower aggregation. Excluding wetland and young stand age sites from the aggregation worsened the comparison to observed fluxes. These results provide insight on the range of spatial sampling, replication, measurement error and land cover accuracy needed for multi-tiered bottom-up scaling of CO2 fluxes in heterogeneous regions such as the Upper Midwest, USA.
DA - 2008/2/13/
PY - 2008/2/13/
DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.08.001
VL - 148
IS - 2
SP - 288-308
SN - 1873-2240
KW - carbon cycle
KW - eddy covariance
KW - managed and natural ecosystems
KW - regional upscaling
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Have repeated applications of nitrogen and phosphorus to a loblolly pine plantation changed stand productivity and soil nutrient supply?
AU - Phelan, Jennifer Bennett
AU - Allen, H. Lee
T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
AB - To develop a nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization regime that produces long-term increases in stand productivity and soil nutrient supply in loblolly pine plantations, a series of N + P fertilizer studies were established in the Southeastern United States. One of these installations was examined partway through the study to determine if changes to stand productivity and soil nutrient supply had already been achieved. Stand growth and foliar nutrient concentrations were measured for 6 years, and during the third year, a seedling bioassay was conducted with soil collected from the highest fertilization and nonfertilized treatments. Annual stand growth was increased by 14%–27% in the fertilized plots suggesting that the fertilizer regime improved stand productivity. However, results from the seedling bioassay showed that only P fertilization had caused changes in soil nutrient supply. Seedling P contents in the fertilized treatments were 3.6 times larger than those in the nonfertilized treatments. In contrast, total system N contents were equivalent in the fertilized and nonfertilized systems, and extractable nitrate (NO 3 – ), ammonium (NH 4 + ), and biologically active N were higher in the nonfertilized soils. Future measurements and seedlings bioassay assessments should be conducted to determine when and if long-term changes in soil quality and stand productivity are achieved.
DA - 2008/3//
PY - 2008/3//
DO - 10.1139/X07-131
VL - 38
IS - 3
SP - 637-644
SN - 1208-6037
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Differential expression of three eucalyptus secondary cell wall-related cellulose synthase genes in response to tension stress
AU - Lu, Shanfa
AU - Li, Laigeng
AU - Yi, Xiaoping
AU - Joshi, Chandrashekhar P.
AU - Chiang, Vincent L.
T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
AB - Trees constitute the majority of lignocellulosic biomass existing on our planet. Trees also serve as important feedstock materials for various industrial products. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of cellulose synthase (CesA) genes of trees. Here, the cloning and characterization of three CesA genes (EgraCesA1, EgraCesA2, and EgraCesA3) from an economically important tree species, Eucalyptus grandis, are reported. All three genes were specifically expressed in xylem cells of eucalyptus undergoing secondary cell wall biosynthesis. The GUS gene, expressed under the control of the EgraCesA2 or EgraCesA3 promoter, was also localized in the secondary xylem in transgenic tobacco stems. However, the EgraCesA1 promoter alone or along with its 5'-UTR introns was insufficient to direct appropriate GUS expression. EgraCesA2 and EgraCesA3 gene expression was up-regulated in tension-stressed eucalyptus xylem cells. Accordingly, GUS expression directed by the EgraCesA2 or EgraCesA3 promoter was also up-regulated. EgraCesA1 had no such response. Thus, it is most unlikely that EgraCesA1 is a subunit of the EgraCesA2-EgraCesA3 complex. The presence of at least two types of cellulose biosynthesis machinery in wood formation is an important clue in deciphering the underpinnings of the perennial growth of trees in various environmental conditions. By analysing GUS gene expression directed by the EgraCesA3 promoter or its deletions, several negative and positive regulatory regions controlling gene expression in xylem or phloem were identified. Also a region which is likely to contain mechanical stress-responsive elements was deduced. These results will guide further studies on identifying cis-regulatory elements directing CesA gene transcription and wood formation regulatory networks.
DA - 2008/2//
PY - 2008/2//
DO - 10.1093/jxb/erm350
VL - 59
IS - 3
SP - 681-695
SN - 1460-2431
KW - cellulose
KW - cellulose synthase
KW - cell wall
KW - Eucalyptus grandis
KW - tension stress
KW - wood formation
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Computational molecular modeling for evaluating the toxicity of environmental chemicals: Prioritizing bioassay requirements
AU - Rabinowitz, James R.
AU - Goldsmith, Michael-Rock
AU - Little, Stephen B.
AU - Pasquinelli, Melissa A.
T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
AB - The human health risk from exposure to environmental chemicals often must be evaluated when relevant elements of the preferred data are unavailable. Therefore, strategies are needed that can predict this information and prioritize the outstanding data requirements for the risk evaluation. Many modes of molecular toxicity require the chemical or one of its biotransformation products to interact with specific biologic macromolecules (i.e., proteins and DNA). Molecular modeling approaches may be adapted to study the interactions of environmental chemicals with biomolecular targets.In this commentary we provide an overview of the challenges that arise from applying molecular modeling tools developed and commonly used for pharmaceutical discovery to the problem of predicting the potential toxicities of environmental chemicals.The use of molecular modeling tools to predict the unintended health and environmental consequences of environmental chemicals differs strategically from the use of the same tools in the pharmaceutical discovery process in terms of the goals and potential applications. It also requires consideration of the greater diversity of chemical space and binding affinity domains than is covered by pharmaceuticals.Molecular modeling methods offer one of several complementary approaches to evaluate the risk to human health and the environment as a result of exposure to environmental chemicals. These tools can streamline the hazard assessment process by simulating possible modes of action and providing virtual screening tools that can help prioritize bioassay requirements. Tailoring these strategies to the particular challenges presented by environmental chemical interactions make them even more effective.
DA - 2008/5//
PY - 2008/5//
DO - 10.1289/ehp.11077
VL - 116
IS - 5
SP - 573-577
SN - 0091-6765
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-45749105529&partnerID=MN8TOARS
KW - computational toxicology
KW - docking
KW - enrichment
KW - false negatives
KW - high-throughput screening
KW - molecular modeling
KW - prioritizing bioassays
KW - virtual screening
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Olevi Kull's lifetime contribution to ecology
AU - Oren, Ram
AU - Kull, Kalevi
AU - Noormets, Asko
T2 - TREE PHYSIOLOGY
AB - In this article dedicated to Olevi Kull (June 22, 1955–January 31, 2007), we draw on his writings (in English and translated) to outline his thoughts on the relationship between scientists and science. We provide a brief synthesis of his most important work, give a short account of his career and, to bring the man into focus, share some personal stories of interactions with him. Kull considered that for a personal understanding to become scientific knowledge it must be explained convincingly based on theory and empirical support, and then taught to others in both spoken and written words. He saw the last step as the main distinction between learning and science. Olevi Kull's approach to science relied on two principles: first, linking theory and experiments in challenging settings, e.g., to test the generality of his ideas he often challenged them in multi-layered, mixed-species canopies. Second, he insisted on setting experiments to test assumptions used in quantitative analyses or in explaining an observed outcome; this, at times, led to falsification of commonly held ideas, thus enhancing ecophysiological understanding. After describing Kull's application of these principles, we give a brief synthesis of his most important work, in which he demonstrated through experimentation and modeling how the vertical distribution of leaves in canopies is consistent with the acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus. We also review some of his findings on the interactive effects of carbon dioxide and ozone on canopy photosynthesis.
DA - 2008/4//
PY - 2008/4//
DO - 10.1093/treephys/28.4.483
VL - 28
IS - 4
SP - 483-490
SN - 1758-4469
KW - chlorophyll : nitrogen ratio
KW - light
KW - O-3 x CO2 interaction
KW - photosynthetic modeling
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Coordination of leaf and stem water transport properties in tropical forest trees
AU - Meinzer, F. C.
AU - Woodruff, D. R.
AU - Domec, J. C.
AU - Goldstein, G.
AU - Campanello, P. I.
AU - Gatti, M. G.
AU - Villalobos-Vega, R.
T2 - Oecologia (Online)
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.1007/s00442-008-0974-5
VL - 156
IS - 1
SP - 31-41
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Transcriptional analysis of Pinus sylvestris roots challenged with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor
AU - Heller, G.
AU - Adomas, A.
AU - Li, G. S.
AU - Osborne, J.
AU - Van Zyl, L.
AU - Sederoff, R.
AU - Finlay, R. D.
AU - Stenlid, J.
AU - Asiegbu, F. O.
T2 - BMC Plant Biology
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 8
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Park-based physical activity in diverse communities of two US cities - An observational study
AU - Floyd, Myron F.
AU - Spengler, John O.
AU - Maddock, Jason E.
AU - Gobster, Paul H.
AU - Suau, Luis J.
T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
AB - BackgroundSystematic study of human behavior in public parks and specific activity settings can inform policy to promote physical activity in diverse communities.MethodsDirect observation was used to assess physical activity in public parks in Tampa FL (n=10) and Chicago IL (n=18). Parks were selected from census tracts with high concentrations of white, African-American, and Hispanic populations. Representation from low- and high-income census tracts was also achieved. Physical activity was measured by a modified version of the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY). Activity codes from SOPLAY were transformed to energy expenditure per person (kcal/kg/min).ResultsSeventy percent of Tampa and 51% of Chicago park users were observed engaged in sedentary behavior. In both cities, children were more likely than adults to be observed in walking or vigorous activity. In Tampa, parks located in neighborhoods with the highest concentration of Hispanic residents were associated with greatest levels of energy expenditure. In Chicago, parks in neighborhoods with the highest concentration of African Americans showed the highest energy expenditure per person. Gender was associated with physical activity only in Tampa parks. Energy expenditure also varied by activity areas.ConclusionsMore than one half of park users in both cities engaged in sedentary behavior. While differences in park-based physical activity by neighborhood income and racial/ethnic composition were observed, these differences can more likely be attributed to the types of designated activity areas that support physical activity. The study findings suggest that specific configurations of park environments can enhance physical activity in parks. Systematic study of human behavior in public parks and specific activity settings can inform policy to promote physical activity in diverse communities. Direct observation was used to assess physical activity in public parks in Tampa FL (n=10) and Chicago IL (n=18). Parks were selected from census tracts with high concentrations of white, African-American, and Hispanic populations. Representation from low- and high-income census tracts was also achieved. Physical activity was measured by a modified version of the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY). Activity codes from SOPLAY were transformed to energy expenditure per person (kcal/kg/min). Seventy percent of Tampa and 51% of Chicago park users were observed engaged in sedentary behavior. In both cities, children were more likely than adults to be observed in walking or vigorous activity. In Tampa, parks located in neighborhoods with the highest concentration of Hispanic residents were associated with greatest levels of energy expenditure. In Chicago, parks in neighborhoods with the highest concentration of African Americans showed the highest energy expenditure per person. Gender was associated with physical activity only in Tampa parks. Energy expenditure also varied by activity areas. More than one half of park users in both cities engaged in sedentary behavior. While differences in park-based physical activity by neighborhood income and racial/ethnic composition were observed, these differences can more likely be attributed to the types of designated activity areas that support physical activity. The study findings suggest that specific configurations of park environments can enhance physical activity in parks.
DA - 2008/4//
PY - 2008/4//
DO - 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.01.009
VL - 34
IS - 4
SP - 299-305
SN - 1873-2607
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-40949159782&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Integrated practices for reducing sediment loss from Piedmont tobacco fields
AU - Hazel, D. W.
AU - Franklin, E. C.
AU - Thomas, K. T.
AU - Jennings, G. D.
T2 - JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
AB - We evaluated the effectiveness of three best management practices for flue-cured tobacco production—reduced tillage, grassed field-side filter zones, and forested filter zones—to determine the total reduction in suspended solids from storm water runoff. Use of reduced tillage in comparison with conventional tillage decreased total suspended solids leaving tobacco fields by 82%. Grassed field-side filter zones functioned very well in retaining solids in early summer but were overloaded by late summer. Forested filter zones were able to back up the grassed filter zones when they overloaded and exported total suspended solids to the forested filter zones. In combination, grassed filter zones and forested filter zones retained 68% to 69% of total suspended solids, respectively. Dense vegetation in the cutover forested filter zone more than doubled its capacity to detain solids, compared to the same forested filter zone when it was covered by mature mixed pine-hardwood. Use of these best management practices in series can significantly reduce sediment loss from tobacco; however, use of reduced-till may reduce tobacco yield and quality.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.2489/jswc.63.3.143
VL - 63
IS - 3
SP - 143-152
SN - 0022-4561
KW - best management practices
KW - filter zones
KW - nonpoint source pollution
KW - runoff
KW - sediments
KW - tillage
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Active living research in diverse and disadvantaged communities
AU - Floyd, Myron F.
AU - Crespo, Carlos J.
AU - Sallis, James F.
T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
AB - Eliminating disparities in physical activity and related health outcomes is a formidable public health challenge. While the prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased significantly and inactivity remains high in the general population, emerging evidence paints a disturbing picture for members of low-income and racial/ethnic minority populations and other vulnerable populations. It is widely known that moderate and vigorous physical activity is a protective factor against a variety of chronic diseases. Yet, 2005 prevalence data show that 56% of Hispanic and 54% of African-American adults reported accumulating no leisure-time physical activity, while 35% percent of non-Hispanic whites reported no leisure-time physical activity. 1 Barnes P. Physical activity among adults: United States, 2000–2005. www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/physicalactivity/physicalactivity_tables.pdf#1 Google Scholar Moreover, national data show that prevalence of no leisure-time physical activity has remained the same for white non-Hispanic individuals but disparities with non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics have increased. Other trend data further support that little progress has been made to eliminate disparities in physical activity participation in communities of color. 2 Haskell W.L. Lee I. Pate R.R. et al. Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007; 39: 1423-1434 Crossref PubMed Scopus (3711) Google Scholar Prevalence of overweight and obesity is also greater in low-income and minority communities. 3 Ogden C.L. Carroll M.D. Curtin L.R. MacDowell M.A. Tabak C.J. Flegal K.M. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA. 2006; 295: 1549-1555 Crossref PubMed Scopus (7359) Google Scholar
DA - 2008/4//
PY - 2008/4//
DO - 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.01.014
VL - 34
IS - 4
SP - 271-274
SN - 1873-2607
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-40949091509&partnerID=MN8TOARS
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Effect of prior tillage and soil fertility amendments on dispersal of Phytophthora capsici and infection of pepper
AU - Liu, Bo
AU - Gumpertz, Marcia L.
AU - Hu, Shuijin
AU - Ristaino, Jean Beagle
T2 - EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
DA - 2008/3//
PY - 2008/3//
DO - 10.1007/s10658-007-9216-7
VL - 120
IS - 3
SP - 273-287
SN - 1573-8469
KW - Phytophthora capsici
KW - epidemiology
KW - organic amendment
KW - physical
KW - chemical and biological parameters
KW - disease spread
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Iron regulates L-cystine uptake and glutathione levels in lens epithelial and retinal pigment epithelial cells by its effect on cytosolic aconitase
AU - Lall, Marilyn M.
AU - Ferrell, Jenny
AU - Nagar, Steve
AU - Fleisher, Lloyd N.
AU - McGahan, M. Christine
T2 - INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
AB - The authors previously published the novel finding that iron regulates L-glutamate synthesis and accumulation in the cell-conditioned medium (CCM) by increasing cytosolic aconitase activity in cultured lens epithelial cells (LECs), retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and neurons. The present study was designed to determine whether iron-induced L-glutamate accumulation in the CCM regulates L-cystine uptake and glutathione (GSH) levels through the aconitase pathway in LECs and RPE cells.The presence of xCT, the light chain of X(c)(-), a glutamate/cystine antiporter, was analyzed by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. Uptake of L-[(35)S]cystine and L-[(3)H]glutamate was measured in the presence or absence of transporter inhibitors. L-cystine uptake and intracellular GSH concentration were measured in the presence or absence of iron-saturated transferrin, the iron chelator dipyridyl (DP), or oxalomalic acid (OMA), an aconitase inhibitor.LECs and RPE cells express xCT, as evidenced by RT-PCR analysis and immunoblotting. xCT was localized by immunocytochemistry. The authors found that the iron-induced increase in L-glutamate availability increased L-cystine uptake, with subsequent increases in GSH levels. In addition, L-glutamate production, L-cystine uptake, and GSH concentration were inhibited by OMA and DP, indicating a central role for iron-regulated aconitase activity in GSH synthesis in LECs and RPE cells.These results demonstrate for the first time that iron regulates L-cystine uptake and the downstream production of GSH in two mammalian cell types. It is possible that the increase in intracellular antioxidant concentration induced by iron serves as a protective mechanism against the well-established capacity of iron to induce oxidative damage.
DA - 2008/1//
PY - 2008/1//
DO - 10.1167/iovs.07-1041
VL - 49
IS - 1
SP - 310-319
SN - 1552-5783
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Allozyme variation and recent evolutionary history of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in the southeastern United States
AU - Potter, K. M.
AU - Dvorak, W. S.
AU - Crane, B. S.
AU - Hipkins, V. D.
AU - Jetton, R. M.
AU - Whittier, W. A.
AU - Rhea, R.
T2 - NEW FORESTS
AB - Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) is a widespread and ecologically important conifer species of eastern North America that is threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand), a pest introduced into the United States from Asia in the 1920s. Information about the genetic composition of eastern hemlock is necessary to guide ex situ conservation efforts in the southeastern United States, where the species is expected to harbor relatively high amounts of genetic variation in areas of Pleistocene glacial refuge. Nineteen allozyme markers were used to quantify the genetic variation present in 20 eastern hemlock populations in the southeastern United States. Results indicate that the species has low levels of genetic diversity in the region compared to most other conifers, but greater population differentiation (F ST = 0.126). Populations along the eastern periphery and in the Appalachian interior exhibited higher levels of diversity than those along the western periphery of its geographic range. The results suggest that the glacial refuge area for eastern hemlock was likely located east of the southern Appalachian Mountains, and indicate that ex situ conservation seed collections should be concentrated in these areas of higher diversity.
DA - 2008/3//
PY - 2008/3//
DO - 10.1007/s11056-007-9067-2
VL - 35
IS - 2
SP - 131-145
SN - 1573-5095
KW - genetic diversity
KW - gene conservation
KW - migration
KW - threatened species
KW - allozyme
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Septic tank additive impacts on microbial populations
AU - Pradhan, S.
AU - Hoover, M. T.
AU - Clark, G. H.
AU - Gumpertz, M.
AU - Wollum, A. G.
AU - Cobb, C.
AU - Strock, J.
T2 - Journal of Environmental Health
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 70
IS - 6
SP - 22-27
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Selenium Status and Antibodies to Selected Pathogens in White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Southern Minnesota
AU - Wolf, Karen N.
AU - DePerno, Christopher S.
AU - Jenks, Jonathan A.
AU - Stoskopf, Michael K.
AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne
AU - Swanson, Christopher C.
AU - Brinkman, Todd J.
AU - Osborn, Robert G.
AU - Tardiff, Jeannine A.
T2 - Journal of Wildlife Diseases
AB - To determine exposure to a variety of infectious diseases potentially important for native ungulates, livestock, and humans, serum samples from 114 (94 adults, 20 fawns) female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were collected during January 2000–03 from multiple locations in southeast (SE) and southwest (SW) Minnesota. Antibody prevalence was determined for the following pathogens: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Leptospira interrogans (six serovars), Anaplasma marginale, Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella abortus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) types 1 and 2. Samples collected in 2001 were screened for antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and whole blood was submitted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi. In addition, serum selenium concentrations were evaluated for samples collected during 2001– 03. Antibody prevalence and selenium concentration were compared by age-class and geographic region. Antibodies to all of the infectious agents except A. marginale and B. abortus were detected; when detected, antibody prevalence was highest in adults. Deer collected from SE Minnesota had a higher antibody prevalence to B. burgdorferi than SW deer. Blood culture and PCR results for A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi were negative. Antibodies against BVDV (combined types 1 and 2) were more prevalent (χ2=3.617, P≤0.029) in deer collected in SW (41%) than in SE (25%) Minnesota. No statistically significant differences in serum selenium concentrations were detected when data were analyzed by age-class or by geographic location.
DA - 2008/1//
PY - 2008/1//
DO - 10.7589/0090-3558-44.1.181
VL - 44
IS - 1
SP - 181-187
J2 - Journal of Wildlife Diseases
LA - en
OP -
SN - 0090-3558
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-44.1.181
DB - Crossref
KW - infectious disease
KW - Minnesota
KW - Odocoileus virginianus
KW - selenium
KW - serology
KW - white-tailed deer
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Pixel level fusion of panchromatic and multispectral images based on correspondence analysis
AU - Cakir, Halil I.
AU - Khorram, Siamak
T2 - PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
AB - A pixel level data fusion approach based on correspondence analysis (CA) is introduced for high spatial and spectral resolution satellite data. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-known multivariate data analysis and fusion technique in the remote sensing community. Related to PCA but a more recent multivariate technique, correspondence analysis, is applied to fuse panchromatic data with multispectral data in order to improve the quality of the final fused image. In the CA-based fusion approach, fusion takes place in the last component as opposed to the first component of the PCA-based approach. This new approach is then quantitatively compared to the PCA fusion approach using Landsat ETM� , QuickBird, and two Ikonos (with and without dynamic range adjustment) test imagery. The new approach provided an excellent spectral accuracy when synthesizing images from multispectral and high spatial resolution panchromatic imagery.
DA - 2008/2//
PY - 2008/2//
DO - 10.14358/PERS.74.2.183
VL - 74
IS - 2
SP - 183-192
SN - 2374-8079
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Effect of two fire retardants on postharvest drying and flammability of Douglas fir and fraser fir Christmas trees
AU - Chastagner, G.
AU - Hinesley, L. E.
AU - Owen, J.
T2 - HortScience
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
VL - 43
IS - 1
SP - 203-205
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Associating seasonal range characteristics with survival of female white-tailed deer
AU - Klaver, R. W.
AU - Jenks, J. A.
AU - DePerno, Chris
AU - Griffin, S. L.
T2 - Journal of Wildlife Management
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008///
DO - 10.2192/2005-581
VL - 72
IS - 2
SP - 343–353
ER -