TY - JOUR TI - Hawaii's seabird islands, No.2: Hulu Island and vicinity AU - Simons, T.R. AU - Simons, P.M. AU - Kepler, C.B. AU - Kepler, A.K. T2 - 'Elepaio DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// VL - 45 SP - 111–113 ER - TY - CONF TI - Diameter Class Optimization in Even Aged Stands AU - Roise, J.P. T2 - Society of American Foresters symposium A2 - Field, Richard C. A2 - Dress, Peter E. C2 - 1985/12/9/ C3 - Proceedings of S.A.F. Systems Analysis Symposium CY - Georgia Center for Continuing Education, Athens, Georgia DA - 1985/12/9/ PY - 1985/12/9/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - INTERACTIONS AMONG TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT MEIOFAUNA: OBSERVATIONS ON THE FEEDING AND BEHAVIOR OF SELECTED TAXA AU - Watzin, Mary C. T2 - The Biological Bulletin AB - Meiofauna diets and behavioral patterns are relatively unknown despite the fact that in any system, predatory relationships and behavioral responses may play an important role in determining community structure. Therefore, observations on food preferences, feeding behavior, and encounter interactions of members of a meiofauna assemblage were made in the laboratory in dishes of natural sediment. The diets and behavior of two turbellarian species, Neochildia fusca and Archiloa wilsoni were examined in detail. Both are predators and both feed on a variety of other taxa, including the temporary meiofauna. Based upon the results of these experiments, a potential food web was constructed among the temporary and permanent meiofauna. The behavioral responses of these turbellarians and other members of the meiofaunal assemblage at times of encounter were also observed, categorized, and quantified. Implications of these behaviors are discussed. DA - 1985/10// PY - 1985/10// DO - 10.2307/1541491 VL - 169 IS - 2 SP - 397-416 J2 - The Biological Bulletin LA - en OP - SN - 0006-3185 1939-8697 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1541491 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biology and Behavior of the Endangered Hawaiian Dark-Rumped Petrel AU - Simons, Theodore R. T2 - The Condor DA - 1985/5// PY - 1985/5// DO - 10.2307/1366887 VL - 87 IS - 2 SP - 229 J2 - The Condor OP - SN - 0010-5422 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1366887 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thyroid parathyroid response to EDTA and CaCl2 infusions in white-tailed deer AU - Chao, C. C. AU - Brown, R. D. T2 - Texas Journal of Science DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// VL - 37 IS - 2-3 SP - 164-171 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SEASONAL TRENDS IN THE CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION OF 10 RANGE PLANTS IN SOUTH TEXAS AU - MEYER, MW AU - BROWN, RD T2 - JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.2307/3899260 VL - 38 IS - 2 SP - 154-157 SN - 0022-409X ER - TY - JOUR TI - PROTEIN REQUIREMENT OF ADULT COLLARED PECCARIES AU - CARL, GR AU - BROWN, RD T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB - Besoins en proteine precises pour Tayassu tajacu vivant dans le sud du Texas, dans le but d'amenager l'habitat de ce gibier important DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.2307/3801529 VL - 49 IS - 2 SP - 351-355 SN - 0022-541X ER - TY - JOUR TI - METABOLISM OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION IN WHITE-TAILED DEER AU - CHAO, CC AU - BROWN, RD AU - DEFTOS, LJ T2 - ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA AB - The effects of pregnancy and early lactation on blood parameters were studied in 4 white-tailed does in 1981-82 and 8 in 1982-83. No year or fecundity effects (P less than 0.05) were found on plasma calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), or oestradiol -17 beta (E2). An increase (P less than 0.05) in dry matter and metabolic feed intake occurred during pregnancy and lactation. Plasma Ca tended to increase during pregnancy and peaked 5-7 weeks pre-partum, while hypocalcaemia was observed 1-2 weeks pre-partum. Elevated concentrations of plasma Ca and P were found during lactation. During the last trimester of pregnancy, plasma concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (AP), PTH, and E2 but not of CT were higher (P less than 0.05) than in the other trimesters. The results indicate a physiological hyperparathyroidism in pregnant deer. Plasma concentrations of CT were higher (P less than 0.05) during lactation and post-weaning than during pregnancy. Increased AP and PTH during late pregnancy may be responsible for Ca absorption and mobilization, whereas elevated plasma concentrations of E2 may function to block excessive bone resorption. After parturition, lowered E2 may allow bone resorption to proceed, relatively high PTH may enhance Ca absorption and mobilization, and elevated CT may protect the skeleton against excessive bone resorption. DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.1530/acta.0.1090269 VL - 109 IS - 2 SP - 269-275 SN - 0001-5598 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of xylazine immobilization on biochemical and endocrine values in white-tailed deer AU - Chao, C. C. AU - Brown, R. D. AU - Deftos, L. J. T2 - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AB - The effect of xylazine hydrochloride on biochemical and endocrine parameters in plasma was examined in adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann]. In the first experiment, seven animals were injected intramuscularly via a blowgun dart with 0.65 mg/kg xylazine (100 mg/ml) and were bled 10, 20, 30, and 60 min post-injection. In the second experiment, eight animals were manually restrained for the first blood sampling and then injected manually and bled as before. Plasma calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were measured spectrophotometrically. Plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay. Plasma PTH, CT, T4, T3, and AP activity did not differ (P greater than 0.05) during the 1 hr period studied in either experiment. Plasma Ca and P decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) in the second experiment, whereas cortisol levels increased significantly (P less than 0.05) 10 min post-injection in both experiments. The results may have been due to a drug effect or a combined drug and stress effect. It is suggested that xylazine may be safely used as an anesthetic in measuring PTH, CT, T4 and T3, and plasma AP up to 60 min post-injection in deer. Caution should be taken in using xylazine as an anesthetic to study adrenocortical function. DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.7589/0090-3558-20.4.328 VL - 20 IS - 4 SP - 328-332 ER - TY - CONF TI - Field performance of loblolly pine tissue culture plantlets AU - Frampton, L. J., Jr. AU - Mott, R. L. AU - Amerson, H. V. C2 - 1985/// C3 - Proceedings of the eighteenth southern forest tree improvement conference held at Long Beach, Mississippi on May 21-23, 1985 DA - 1985/// SP - 136-144 ER - TY - CONF TI - Development of in vitro techniques for screening loblolly pine for fusiform rust resistance AU - Frampton, L. J., Jr. AU - Amerson, H. V. AU - Gray, D. J. A2 - J. Barrows-Broaddus, A2 - Powers, H. R. C2 - 1985/// C3 - Proceedings of the 2nd Rusts of Hard Pines Working Party Conference (Athens, GA) DA - 1985/// VL - 2 SP - 125-140 PB - IUFRO and Southeastern Forest Experiment Station ER - TY - CONF TI - Spruce budworm characteristics and foliar-nutrient site relationships in black spruce AU - Robison, D. J. AU - Czapowskyj, M. M. AU - Abrahamson, L. P. AU - White, E. H. C2 - 1985/// C3 - Recent advances in spruce budworms research : proceedings of the CANUSA Spruce Budworms Research Symposium, Bangor, Maine, September 16-20, 1984 DA - 1985/// SP - 492-493 PB - Canadian Forest Service Publications SN - 0662142020 ER - TY - JOUR TI - OVERWINTERING SPRUCE BUDWORM ON BLACK SPRUCE - SAMPLE-UNIT SIZE AND POPULATION-DISTRIBUTION AU - ROBISON, DJ AU - ABRAHAMSON, LP AU - CZAPOWSKYJ, MM AU - WHITE, EH AU - ALLEN, DC T2 - CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST AB - Abstract Optimum size of a sample unit and within-branch distribution of overwintering spruce budworm were determined for black spruce in northern Maine. No significant differences in sample reliability were found between whole-branch and 45-cm branch-tip samples. Larval distribution on branches varied with total branch length and a model was developed to estimate the whole-branch population from a 45-cm branch tip. Use of a 45-cm branch-tip sample unit is recommended because it is biologically and statistically valid and reduces sampling costs. DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.4039/ent117395-4 VL - 117 IS - 4 SP - 395-399 SN - 0008-347X ER - TY - RPRT TI - Internal report: report on a preliminary insect and disease survey at the Reynolds Metals Co. biomass tree farm AU - Robison, D. AU - Abrahamson, L. AU - White, E. AU - Allen, D. A3 - Syracuse, NY: SUNY-ESF DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// PB - Syracuse, NY: SUNY-ESF ER - TY - RPRT TI - Internal report: native populus genetic selection guidelines AU - Robison, D. J. A3 - Syracuse, NY: SUNY -ESF DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// PB - Syracuse, NY: SUNY -ESF ER - TY - CONF TI - In vitro methods for the study of fusiform rust in association with loblolly pine AU - Amerson, H. V. AU - Frampton, L. J., Jr. AU - Mott, R. L. A2 - J. Barrows-Broaddus, A2 - Powers, H. R. C2 - 1985/// C3 - Proceedings of the Rusts of Hard Pines Working Party Conference DA - 1985/// PB - Southeastern Forest Experiment Station ER - TY - RPRT TI - Establishment of a hybrid poplar genetic selection trial at Reynolds Metals Co. biomass tree farm AU - Robison, D. AU - White, E. AU - Abrahamson, L. A3 - Syracuse, NY: SUNY-ESF DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// PB - Syracuse, NY: SUNY-ESF ER - TY - RPRT TI - Responses from thinning a 50-year-old Norway spruce plantation in central New York AU - Drew, A. P. AU - Berglund, J. V. AU - Robison, D. J. A3 - Syracuse, NY: SUNY-ESF DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// VL - ESF-85-002 PB - Syracuse, NY: SUNY-ESF ER - TY - RPRT TI - Component biomass equations for black spruce in Maine AU - Czapowskyj, M. M. AU - Robison, D. J. AU - Briggs, R. D. AU - White, E. H. A3 - USDA Forest Service, NE Forest Experiment Station DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// VL - NE-564 PB - USDA Forest Service, NE Forest Experiment Station ER - TY - JOUR TI - Expression of mature characteristics by tissue culture plantlets derived from embryos of loblolly pine AU - McKeand, S. E. T2 - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// VL - 110 SP - 619-623 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Loblolly pine tissue culture: laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies AU - Amerson, H. V. AU - McKeand, Frampton L. J. AU - E., Mott S. AU - R., L. AU - Weir, R. J. T2 - Tissue culture in forestry and agriculture A2 - R. R. Henke, K. W. Hughes A2 - M. J. Constantin, A. Hollaender PY - 1985/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4899-0378-5_19 SP - 271–287 PB - NY: Plenum Press SN - 030641919X ER - TY - JOUR TI - EVALUATION OF THE MOST PROBABLE NUMBER METHOD FOR ENUMERATING DENITRIFYING BACTERIA AU - DAVIDSON, EA AU - STRAND, MK AU - GALLOWAY, LF T2 - SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL AB - Abstract Most probable number (MPN) enumerations of denitrifying bacteria were conducted on an agricultural soil (pH 6.6) and a forest soil (pH 5.6), in both neutral (pH 6.8) and acid (pH 5.6) media. The neutral medium yielded higher enumerations for both soils and, therefore, appears to be optimal, even for denitrifiers present in acid soils. Enzyme activity assays and MPN enumerations of seven soil samples were weakly correlated ( r = 0.71; p = 0.07). One soil exhibited a high MPN enumeration, but had no detectable denitrifying enzyme activity. While the enzyme assay indexes denitrification potential of soils under the environmental conditions at the time of sampling, the MPN enumeration indexes the denitrifying capability of the populations inhabiting soils. A population's denitrifying capability is related to its size, but other factors which might also influence MPN enumerations are discussed. Precise incubation time was critical in the MPN procedure. Delays of 2h affected the scoring results. Populations in some of the incubation tubes appeared to be in a dynamic growth phase at the end of the 14‐d incubation period. Inconsistencies in incubation duration could confound comparisons among soils. Despite inherent flaws and disadvantages, the MPN procedure may be appropriate for certain research objectives as an index of a population's denitrifying capacity. Recommendations and cautions are offered. DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900030023x VL - 49 IS - 3 SP - 642-645 SN - 0361-5995 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Abies guatemalensis: A two year status report AU - Donahue, J. K. AU - Dvorak, W. S. AU - Gutierrez, E. A. AU - Kane, M. B. T2 - CAMCORE Bulletin on Tropical Forestry DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// IS - 3 SP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Juvenile wood in tropical forest plantations: Its characteristics and effect on the final product AU - Zobel, B. J. T2 - CAMCORE Bulletin on Tropical Forestry DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// IS - 2 SP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of atmospheric deposition in the latitudinal variation of Fraser fir mortality caused by the balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Hemipt., Adelgidae): A hypothesis AU - Hain, F. P. AU - Arthur, F. H. T2 - Zeitschrift fu?r Angewandte Entomologie AB - Abstract A hypothesis is presented that atmospheric deposition is predisposing Fraser fir to balsam woolly adelgid (BWA)‐caused mortality and that the amount of mortality in six Fraser fir zones is a reflection of the amount of atmospheric deposits in each zone. We argue that Fraser fir is a highly sensitive species to atmospheric pollutants, that BWA increases that sensitivity, and that the Fraser fir ecosystem is a primary depository of such pollutants. Alternative hypotheses are also discussed. It is likely that a number of factors, including patterns of atmospheric deposits, contribute to Fraser fir mortality patterns in the southern Appalachians. Zusammenfassung Die Bedeutung der Ablagerungen von Luftschadstoffen für die Tannenmortalität, verursacht durch die Wollaus Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Hemipt., Adelgidae): Eine Hypothese Es wird eine Hypothese vorgestellt, die in der Ablagerung von Luftschadstoffen einen wesentlichen, auf die Mortalität von Fraser‐Tannen, verursacht durch Adelges piceae einwirkenden Faktor sieht. Der Umfang der Mortalität in sechs Tannenzonen entsprach dem Umfang der jeweiligen Schadstoffbelastung. Es wird argumentiert, daß die Fraser‐Tanne hochempfindlich gegenüber Immissionen sei, daß die Wollaus diese Empfindlichkeit noch erhöhe, und daß das Tannen‐Ökosystem einen primären Ablagerungsort für diese Schadstoffe darstelle. Alternativen hierzu werden erörtert. Es ist wahrscheinlich, daß eine Anzahl von Faktoren, einschließlich der Luftschadstoffe zur Tannensterblichkeit im südlichen Appalachengebirge beiträgt. DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1985.tb01972.x VL - 99 IS - 2 SP - 145 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ABOVE-GROUND ENERGY-PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTHEASTERN HARDWOOD SWAMP FORESTS AU - GOWER, ST AU - LEA, R AU - FREDERICK, DJ AU - CLARK, A AU - PHILLIPS, DR T2 - BIOMASS AB - Energy production and distribution were examined in fully stocked, even-aged 10-, 20-, 40- and 60-year-old southeastern swamp forests. Maximum intraspecies energy value differences were small within a given tissue. Mean energy values (kJ g−1 dry weight) ranged as follows: foliage (18·76-21·17) >stem wood (19·04–20·34)>branch (19·11–19·85)>stem bark (16·72-20·33). Total live aboveground biomass and energy content in these swamp forests increased with stand age, as follows: 41·4, 108·8, 208·9 and 297·5 Mg ha−1 and 81·7, 209·0, 416·4 and 593·6 MJ m−2, respectively. Depending upon stand age, whole-tree harvest energy yields exceeded energy yields derived in a conventional harvest by 21–96%. DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.1016/0144-4565(85)90007-1 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 185-197 SN - 0144-4565 ER - TY - JOUR TI - NUTRIENT PROPORTIONS IN FOLIAGE OF SEMI-MATURE LOBLOLLY-PINE AU - ADAMS, MB AU - ALLEN, HL T2 - PLANT AND SOIL DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.1007/BF02185022 VL - 86 IS - 1 SP - 27-34 SN - 0032-079X ER - TY - CHAP TI - Niche spaces and small mammal communities AU - Fox, B. AU - Powell, R. A. T2 - Form-function analyses: The teeth and skulls of carnivores: Special issue of Australian mammalogy A2 - Powell, R. A. A2 - Archer, M. PY - 1985/// PB - Bedford Park, Australia: Australian Mammal Society ER - TY - JOUR TI - POSSIBLE PATHWAYS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES IN WEASELS AND STOATS AU - POWELL, RA T2 - OIKOS DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.2307/3565792 VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 506-508 SN - 0030-1299 ER - TY - CONF TI - Movements of black bears on the Pisgah National Forest AU - Warburton, G. S. AU - Powell, R. A. C2 - 1985/// C3 - Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference, Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies DA - 1985/// VL - 39 SP - 351-361 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fisher pelt primeness AU - Powell, R. A. T2 - Wildlife Society Bulletin DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// VL - 13 SP - 67-70 ER - TY - JOUR TI - BLACK-FOOTED FERRET MUSTELA-NIGRIPES ENERGY-EXPENDITURE AND PREY REQUIREMENTS AU - POWELL, RA AU - CLARK, TW AU - RICHARDSON, L AU - FORREST, SC T2 - BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AB - Black-footed ferrets Mustela nigripes are exceedingly rare and only a single extant population in Wyoming is known. Tracks in the snow and direct observations have provided data on activity and show that a ferret can travel from 0 to 7 km and may move up to 50 litres of soil from prairie dog Cynomys spp. burrows in a night. We constructed an additive model to estimate ferret energy expenditure, including energy for running, digging, investigating burrows, and thermoregulation. From field data, we estimate that ferrets expended an average of 130 kcal day−1 during winter. We used the Siberian polecat M. eversmanni as a biological model for the endangered ferret to estimate energy and nutrient aquisition from two ferret prey species. Gross energy content, proximate analyses and utilisation by the polecats of the two prey did not differ and were comparable to results for other carnivores. The polecats consumed an average of 125 kcal day−1 during trials, which is equivalent to 104 metabolisable kcal day−1. At least 20 prairie dogs must be eaten by a ferret during the four winter months (December–March) to meet these requirements. During summer months lactating female ferrets might need to eat prairie dogs at up six times this rate. Our results have conservation implications, including expected ferret densities in prairie dog towns. DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.1016/0006-3207(85)90054-0 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 1-15 SN - 0006-3207 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fishing contests: Here today and here tomorrow AU - Nielsen, L. A. T2 - Wisconsin Natural Resources DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 10-12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feeding Ecology of the Sauger (Stozpstedion-Canadense) in a Large River AU - Wahl, D. H. AU - Nielsen, L. A. T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AB - In stomachs of 550 sauger (Stizostedion canadense) collected by gillnetting in the Ohio River during June 1980 through August 1981, Dorosoma cepedianum were the most abundant prey (42% of all identified prey), followed by Notropis atherinoides (28%), Aplodinotus grunniens (16%), and Ictalurus punctatus (12%). Annual food consumption of sauger averaged 1.1% of the body weight per day. Growth and daily ration followed similar patterns, being high from September to January (maximum in October) and low from March to August. Rapid growth and high food consumption throughout fall and early winter were related to an extended period of high temperatures and increased availability of Dorosoma cepedianum. The annual period of growth and food consumption was longer and peaked later in the year in the river than those previously observed in other types of aquatic systems. DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// DO - 10.1139/f85-015 VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 120-128 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Journey through the mind of a fishery manager AU - Nielsen, L. A. T2 - Wisconsin Natural Resources DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 40-42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Philosophies for Managing Competitive Fishing AU - Nielsen, L. A. T2 - Fisheries DA - 1985/// PY - 1985/// VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 5-7 ER -