TY - CONF TI - The migratory bird watch program: an overview and summary of research at Gulf Islands National Seashore AU - Simons, T.R. T2 - Nongame migratory bird workshop C2 - 1990/// C3 - Proceedings of the nongame migratory bird workshop, Atlanta, GA CY - Atlanta, GA DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// PB - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stopover on a Gulf Coast Barrier Island by spring trans-Gulf migrants AU - Moore, F.R. AU - Kerlinger, P. AU - Simons, T.R. T2 - Wilson Bulletin DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 103 SP - 487–500 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hawaii's Seabird Islands, No. 3: Moku-Ho'Oniki and Kanaha Rock, Molokai AU - Kepler, C.B. AU - Kepler, A.K. AU - Simons, T.R. AU - Hobdy, B. AU - Simons, P.M. T2 - 'Elepaio DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 50 IS - 9 SP - 75–81 ER - TY - RPRT TI - A report on wildlife survey in Arunachal Pradesh with special reference to Takin AU - Katti, M. AU - Manjrekar, N. AU - Mukherjee, S. AU - Sharma, D. A3 - Wildlife Institute of India DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// PB - Wildlife Institute of India ER - TY - JOUR TI - Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Habitat and Timber Management: Production Possibilities AU - Roise, Joseph AU - Chung, Joosang AU - Lancia, Richard AU - Lennartz, Mike T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry AB - Abstract To mitigate possible negative effects that financial timber rotations for southern pine may have on habitat requirements for red-cockaded woodpeckers, alternative management strategies are investigated using multiple objective linear programming (MOLP). Time streams of timber and habitat are examined. The consequence of providing areas with potential cavity trees on production of timber is explored. Management actions which immediately set aside large areas of land for woodpecker habitat without concern for future changes can lead to short-term increases in habitat that are followed by habitat declines after several decades. Management actions designed to restructure the forest to achieve a long-term sustainable habitat level may initially have a slower increase in habitat, but without subsequent declines. South. J. Appl. For. 14(1):6-12 DA - 1990/2/1/ PY - 1990/2/1/ DO - 10.1093/sjaf/14.1.6 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 6-12 LA - en OP - SN - 0148-4419 1938-3754 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/14.1.6 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - VERTICAL VARIATION IN CANOPY STRUCTURE AND CO2 EXCHANGE OF OAK-MAPLE FORESTS - INFLUENCE OF OZONE, NITROGEN, AND OTHER FACTORS ON SIMULATED CANOPY CARBON GAIN AU - REICH, PB AU - ELLSWORTH, DS AU - KLOEPPEL, BD AU - FOWNES, JH AU - GOWER, ST T2 - TREE PHYSIOLOGY AB - Stand-level and physiological measurements were made for oak and maple species common in Wisconsin forests. Scaling relationships were identified to allow the development of a model for estimating net carbon exchange at the levels of a leaf, canopy stratum, and whole canopy. Functional relationships were determined between tissue gas exchange rates and perceived controlling variables. Vertical variation in leaf properties and in the distribution of foliage by weight, area, and species were characterized for several closed canopy forests. Forest canopies were divided into four horizontal strata to develop predictive models for canopy gas exchange. Leaf and canopy layer carbon dioxide exchange rates were predicted using leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf mass per area, ozone exposure, predawn leaf water potential, photosynthetically active radiation, and vapor pressure deficit as driving variables. Direct measurements of leaf gas exchange were used to validate the components (subroutines) of the model. Net carbon dioxide exchange was simulated for canopy layers at 5-min intervals over a diurnal time course. Simulations of canopy CO(2) exchange were made for a 30-m tall, mixed oak-maple forest under hypothetical ambient and greater-than-ambient ozone pollution regimes. Daily canopy net CO(2) exchange was predicted for seven forest stands and compared with estimates of aboveground net primary production, N availability, leaf area index, and canopy N. DA - 1990/12// PY - 1990/12// DO - 10.1093/treephys/7.1-2-3-4.329 VL - 7 IS - 1-4 SP - 329-345 SN - 0829-318X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Larches - deciduous conifers in an evergreen world AU - Gower, S. T. AU - Richards, J. H. T2 - BioScience AB - Journal Article Larches: Deciduous Conifers in an Evergreen World Get access Stith T. Gower, Stith T. Gower Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar James H. Richards James H. Richards Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 40, Issue 11, December 1990, Pages 818–826, https://doi.org/10.2307/1311484 Published: 01 December 1990 DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.2307/1311484 VL - 40 IS - 11 SP - 818-826 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ESTIMATION OF LEAF-AREA INDEX IN 14 SOUTHERN WISCONSIN FOREST STANDS USING A PORTABLE RADIOMETER AU - BOLSTAD, PV AU - GOWER, ST T2 - TREE PHYSIOLOGY AB - Projected leaf area index (LAI) and Beer-Lambert Law extinction coefficients (K) were estimated for 28-year-old Picea abies (L.) Karst., Larix decidua Mill., Pinus resinosa Ait., and Pinus strobus L. plantations using vertical profile data obtained with a portable integrating radiometer (sunfleck ceptometer). Predicted LAI values were compared with direct measures of LAI. Based on dimensional analysis, LAI ranged from 5.0 for Larix decidua to 10.5 for Picea abies. Significant inverse relationships between cumulative LAI and canopy transmitted radiation were observed for the four species (R(2) = 0.92-0.97). Beer-Lambert extinction coefficients ranged from 0.39 for Picea abies to 0.84 for Pinus strobus. Stand-level predictions of LAI based on the Beer-Lambert Law were compared with measured LAI values for eight conifer and six broadleaf stands. Using local K estimates resulted in predicted LAI values with an average 6% error. Using published K values resulted in an average error of 20%. High LAI and concomitantly low light levels below the canopy of Picea abies stands resulted in large overestimation errors in predicted LAI, rendering the sunfleck ceptometer inappropriate for forests with large LAIs. DA - 1990/12// PY - 1990/12// DO - 10.1093/treephys/7.1-2-3-4.115 VL - 7 IS - 1-4 SP - 115-124 SN - 0829-318X ER - TY - JOUR TI - THE EFFECT OF LATITUDE ON THE SEASONAL PATTERN OF REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES IN THE MALE WHITE-TAILED DEER AU - BUBENIK, GA AU - BROWN, RD AU - SCHAMS, D T2 - COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY AB - l. In order to investigate the effect of latitude on the seasonal variability of reproduction, plasma levels of LH, FSH, Prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T) were determined, in 6 adult male white-tailed deer of Southern Ontario (latitude 42N) and 6 deer of Southern Texas (27N). 2. LH peak (around 2 ng/ml) was found in Ontario deer in June; Texas values (almost 3 ng/ml) peaked in November. 3. FSH maxima (110 ng/ml in Ontario and 100 ng/ml in Texas deer) were detected in August (Texas) and September (Ontario). 4. PRL peak (around 90 ng/ml) was observed in Ontario in June. In Texas two peaks were observed; first (around 90 ng/ml) in May, the second one (around 50 ng/ml) in September-October. 5. Testosterone exhibited sharp peaks in both groups; in Ontario in November (13 ng/ml) and in Texas in December (12 ng/ml). 6. Significant differences between Ontario and Texas deer were found between timing of peaks of LH, PRL and T but not of FSH. DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1016/0300-9629(90)90181-q VL - 97 IS - 2 SP - 253-257 SN - 0300-9629 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Nutrition and antler development AU - Brown, R. D. T2 - Horns, pronghorns, and antlers: Evolution, morphology, physiology, and social significance A2 - Bubenik, G. A. A2 - Bubenik, A. B. PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4613-8966-8_16 SP - 426-441 PB - New York: Springer-Verlag SN - 0387971769 ER - TY - JOUR TI - SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) EGG MASS DIMENSIONS AND CORRESPONDING EGG COMPLEMENT ON BLACK SPRUCE AU - ROBISON, DJ AU - ABRAHAMSON, LP AU - WHITE, EH AU - JENNINGS, DT AU - CZAPOWSKYJ, MM T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY AB - Regression equations were constructed relating spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), egg mass dimensions to number of eggs per egg mass on black spruce, Picea mariana (Miller) B.S.P., in northern Maine. Comparison of the results from the current study and from previously published studies suggest that the relationship between egg mass dimensions and number of eggs per egg mass is relatively constant over a broad range of conditions. DA - 1990/4// PY - 1990/4// DO - 10.1093/ee/19.2.257 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 257-259 SN - 0046-225X ER - TY - CONF TI - Hybrid poplar productivity and suitability for the forest tent caterpillar: a framework evaluation AU - Robison, D. J. AU - Raffa, K. F. C2 - 1990/// C3 - Aspen Symposium '89, Duluth, Minnesota, July 25-27 1989 DA - 1990/// SP - 155-162 PB - USDA Forest Service, North-Central Forest Experiment Station, General Technical Report NC-140 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sexual behavior of the Israeli pine bast scale, Matsuccocus josephi: adult male emergence and release of female pheromone AU - Mendel, Z. AU - Dunkelblum, E. AU - Robison, D. T2 - Journal of Chemical Entomology DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 16 SP - 2341-2352 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MASS REARING OF THE ISRAELI PINE BAST SCALE, MATSUCOCCUS-JOSEPHI (HOMOPTERA, MARGARODIDAE), WITH NOTES ON ITS BIOLOGY AND MATING-BEHAVIOR AU - MENDEL, Z AU - SAPHIR, N AU - ROBISON, D T2 - ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA AB - Procedures for mass rearing Matsucoccus josephi were developed to enhance the study of control measures of this pernicious pest. In the course of this work significant information on the scale's biology was also obtained. M. josephi developed and produced viable eggs on different provenances of Aleppo pines (Pinus halepensis), brutia pines (P. brutia ssp. brutia), and eldar pines (Pinus brutia ssp. eldarica). Three-year-old Aleppo pines and eldar pines were considered the best media for routine production of M. josephi. More than 600 male pupae and adult females from 10 to 12 ovisacs were produced per sapling. Third-instar males tended to pupate near the plastic bags in which saplings were planted and were collected directly from the polythene sheet. Routine collection of adult females was best accomplished by striking the sapling over a white sheet of paper. Repeated two or three times, this procedure was adequate in removing 95% of the females. Careful and parallel collection of male pupae at intervals of 1–4 d eliminated adult males from the system and provided us with a pure culture of virgin females. In greenhouses, the earliest emergence of third-instar males and adult females started 18 and 34 d after infestation in early summer, and 34 and 45 d during winter, respectively. The effect of constant temperature, between 10 and 30;°C, on rate of development of feeding and nonfeeding stages of M. josephi was determined. The low temperature threshold of feeding larvae (2.4°C) allows continuous development during winter in Israel, whereas higher low temperature thresholds of nonfeeding life stages (8°C) probably delay emergence of adult males and egg hatching until temperatures are suitable for males to locate the females and crawlers to disperse. The minimal effect of increasing temperature above 20°C on developmental rates coincides with the effect of the temperatures on the scale's principal host, P. halepensis. A young male could fertilize an average of six females between 1 and 4 h old, whereas older males were less successful. Young males mated with a small number of females among the older age groups. DA - 1990/5// PY - 1990/5// DO - 10.1093/aesa/83.3.532 VL - 83 IS - 3 SP - 532-537 SN - 0013-8746 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EVALUATING HYBRID POPLAR CLONAL GROWTH-POTENTIAL IN A 3-YEAR-OLD GENETIC SELECTION FIELD TRIAL AU - ABRAHAMSON, LP AU - WHITE, EH AU - NOWAK, CA AU - BRIGGS, RD AU - ROBISON, DJ T2 - BIOMASS AB - Survival, growth, and insect and disease damage of 54 hybrid poplar clones were compared in a three-year-old genetic selection field trial located in the St Lawrence River Valley, near Massena, New York, USA. Clones were grouped into growth potential classes using cluster analysis and indices of total growth and canker severity. Statistical significance of growth potential classes was tested using discriminant analysis. Seven of the 54 clones examined (DN16, NM6, NE17, D51, DN38, DN55 and NE21) were recommended for additional evaluations in larger scale clone-site trials. The technique presented in this report facilitates hardwood clone performance evaluation for a wide variety of desired products. DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1016/0144-4565(90)90052-L VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 101-114 SN - 0144-4565 ER - TY - JOUR TI - GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF EASTERN WHITE-PINE ROOTED CUTTINGS COMPARED WITH SEEDLINGS THROUGH 8 YEARS OF AGE AU - STRUVE, DK AU - MCKEAND, SE T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE AB - Container-grown rooted stem cuttings from 13 eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) clones were paired with open-pollinated bare-root seedlings to compare growth through age 8 years of the two stock types. Before planting, measures of root system quality (number of roots per cutting, root distribution, and weighted root score) were recorded for each ramet to relate growth to initial root system quality. Rooted cuttings had higher survival than seedlings through year 8, 78 vs. 68%, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant. Rooted cuttings were significantly shorter than seedlings after age 4 years, with differences between stock types increasing in magnitude through year 8. Measures of root system quality of rooted cuttings were not significantly correlated with survival or growth at any age. DA - 1990/3// PY - 1990/3// DO - 10.1139/x90-053 VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 365-368 SN - 0045-5067 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Fraser fir Christmas tree workshop manual AU - Jett, J. B. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Huxster, W. T. AU - Summerville, K. O. A3 - N.C. State University DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// SP - 102 PB - N.C. State University ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of vision system for recognizing plantable seedlings AU - Tohmaz, A. S. AU - Hassan, A. E. T2 - Paper (American Society of Agricultural Engineers) DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// IS - 90-7518 SP - 13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multicriteria nonlinear programming for optimal spatial allocation of stands AU - Roise, J. P. T2 - Forest Science DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 487 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metabolism of metolachlor by a microsomal fraction isolated from grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) shoots AU - Moreland, D. E. AU - Corbin, F. T. AU - Novitzky, W. P. AU - Parker, C. E. AU - Tomer, K. B. T2 - Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Biosciences AB - A microsomal fraction isolated from the shoots of 3- to 4-day-old, dark-grown, grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Funk G 522 DR) seedlings was characterized. The preparations had a cytochrome P-450 content that varied from approximately 90 to 150 pmol P-450/mg protein with cytochrome P-420 varying from 0 to 3% of the P-450 content. Type I difference spectra were formed with cinnamic acid and metolachlor, and a type II spectrum was formed with tetcyclacis. In short-term assays with [14C]metolachlor as substrate, the preparations produced a single time-dependent product that separated on silica gel TLC plates developed in benzene/acetone (2:1, v/v). RF values for metolachlor and the metabolite were approximately 0.70 and 0.48, respectively. The microsomal reaction required NADPH and oxygen, and was inhibited by carbon monoxide, with the inhibition being partially reversed by actinic light. Compounds known to inhibit the activity of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (piperonyl butoxide, tetcyclacis, and tridiphane) also prevented formation of the metabolite. Identity of the metabolite was confirmed by TLC and positive ion thermospray LC/MS to be 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide . Hence, the reaction catalyzed by the sorghum microsomes involved O-demethylation of the methoxypropyl side chain of metolachlor. DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1515/znc-1990-0544 VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 558 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Height response functions for white ash provenances grown at different latitudes AU - Roberds, J. H. AU - Hyun, J. O. AU - Namkoong, G. AU - Rink, G. T2 - Silvae Genetica DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 39 IS - 3-4 SP - 121 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic analysis of risk in clonal populations of forest trees AU - Roberds, J. H. AU - Namkoong, G. AU - Skroppa, T. T2 - Theoretical and Applied Genetics DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 79 IS - 6 SP - 841 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EXTENDED HOST RANGE OF AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS IN THE GENUS PINUS AU - STOMP, AM AU - LOOPSTRA, C AU - CHILTON, WS AU - SEDEROFF, RR AU - MOORE, LW T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - Two-to 4-month-old seedlings of nine pine species (Pinus eldarica Medw., Pinus elliottii Engelm., Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf., Pinus lambertiana Dougl., Pinus ponderosa Laws., Pinus radiata D. Don, Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus taeda L., Pinus virginiana Mill), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuaa menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and incense cedar (Libocedrus decurrens Torr.) were inoculated with five strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transformation occurred in all conifer species tested as determined by gall formation and opine production. The frequency of gall formation varied by host species, by bacterial strain, and was related to the age of the stem when inoculated. Galls were visible 8 to 12 weeks after inoculation and were small (often less than 2.5 millimeters in diameter). Fewer than half (230 of 502) of the galls originally formed on the trees were present after 1 year, and 26 of these grew to diameters greater than 2 centimeters. The majority of these larger galls (18 of 26) were found in P. radiata. Bacterial strain-specific opines were found in 67 of the 81 gall tissues sampled. DA - 1990/4// PY - 1990/4// DO - 10.1104/pp.92.4.1226 VL - 92 IS - 4 SP - 1226-1232 SN - 0032-0889 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Diameter Class Matrix Model for Natural Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwood Stands in the Southeast AU - Mengel, D.L. AU - Roise, J.P. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 189 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Third world debt: Are there opportunities for forestry? AU - Prestemon, J. P. AU - Lampman, S. E. T2 - Journal of Forestry DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 88 IS - 2 SP - 12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stability parameter estimates for stem volume for loblolly pine families growing in different regions in the southeastern United States AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Li, B. AU - Hatcher, A. V. AU - Weir, R. J. T2 - Forest Science DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MODELING AND MULTITEMPORAL EVALUATION OF FOREST DECLINE WITH LANDSAT TM DIGITAL DATA AU - KHORRAM, S AU - BROCKHAUS, JA AU - BRUCK, RI AU - CAMPBELL, MV T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING DA - 1990/7// PY - 1990/7// DO - 10.1109/tgrs.1990.573008 VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 746-748 SN - 0196-2892 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fossil dicotyledonous woods of the USA AU - Wheeler, E. A. T2 - IAWA Journal DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 139 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of rehydration on in vitro germination of loblolly pine pollen AU - Jett, J. B. AU - Frampton, L. J., Jr. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 48-51 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The taxonomic status of closely related closed cone pines in Mexico and Central America AU - Dvorak, W. S. AU - Raymond, R. H. T2 - New Forests DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// DO - 10.1007/bf00119208 VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 291 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of an outdoor adventure camp experience on self-concept AU - Hazelworth, M. S. AU - Wilson, B. E. T2 - Journal of Environmental Education DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The CAMCORE closed-cone pine seed collections in Central America and Mexico AU - Donahue, J. K. T2 - CAMCORE Bulletin on Tropical Forestry DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// IS - 6 SP - 25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CAMCORE - INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENTS EFFORTS TO CONSERVE THREATENED FOREST SPECIES IN GUATEMALA, HONDURAS AND MEXICO AU - DVORAK, WS T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - Abstract In 1980, the Central America and Mexico Coniferous Resources Cooperative (CAMCORE) was organized by forest industry, government agencies, and the College of Forest Resources, North Carolina State University, to preserve and test threatened forest species and populations in Middle America. The cooperative has now grown to include 16 organizations in nine countries. Explorations and subsequent seed collections in Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico have resulted in the successful ex-situ gene conservation of 5203 trees, representing 21 species and 187 different provenances of conifers and hardwoods. Genetic material from the Central American and Mexican seed collections have been established in 500 ha of gene-conservation banks and genetic tests on lands belonging to members of the cooperative in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, South Africa, the United States, and Venezuela. Pedigree information on mother-tree collections and subsequent field plantings is on computer database at North Carolina State University. Early results from CAMCORE genetic tests indicate that height gains of approximately 20% are possible in the tropics by simply using alternative species and more-productive seed sources. Cooperative-wide tree improvement programs are now being planned for Pinus caribaea and P. tecunumanii . DA - 1990/6/15/ PY - 1990/6/15/ DO - 10.1016/0378-1127(90)90238-7 VL - 35 IS - 1-2 SP - 151-157 SN - 0378-1127 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Shoot elongation patterns for loblolly pine families selected for contrasting growth potential AU - Bridgwater, F. E. T2 - Forest Science DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 641 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MANIPULATION OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS - PRACTICE AND OPPORTUNITY IN SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES PINE FORESTS AU - ALLEN, HL AU - DOUGHERTY, PM AU - CAMPBELL, RG T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - The magnitude and duration of response of southern pine forests to operations silvicultural treatments including site preparation, drainage, bedding, weed control, thinning, and fertilization are reviewed. The current information for making silvicultural prescriptions in the southeastern U.S. has been developed largely from empirical trials. Silvicultural research has provided only a rudimentary understanding of how water and nutrient availability is altered through silviculture and how they influence stand productivity. Research indicates that many southern pine stands have leaf areas that are below what is theoretically considered to be optimal for maximum productivity. Leaf-area development appears to be limited by both nutrient and water availability. Few data are available to assess the role of changes in resource availability on leaf-area development, photosynthetic efficiency, carbon allocation, and growth attributable to silvicultural treatments. A conceptual model outlining the expected influence of silvicultural treatments on nutrient and water availability and thus on leaf-area development, carbon fixation, carbon allocation and stemwood production is proposed. Blending empirical information with a conceptual understanding of forest productivity should aid in developing silvicultural prescriptions that will help to ameliorate water and/or nutrient limitations, resulting in increased productivity. Major challenges impeding rapid application of existing technology are (1) lack of awareness of opportunities to increase productivity, (2) inadequate capital for silvicultural investments due to uncertainty of the long-term supply and value of wood, and (3) infrastructure barriers that slow the acceptance and implementation of new silvicultural techniques. Future research needs to focus on testing and quantifying the conceptual relationships described, as well as developing practical techniques to assess water and nutrient availability in forest stands. DA - 1990/2// PY - 1990/2// DO - 10.1016/0378-1127(90)90153-3 VL - 30 IS - 1-4 SP - 437-453 SN - 1872-7042 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A COMPARISON OF 3 ROCK PHOSPHATES FOR USE IN FOREST SOILS AU - GILLESPIE, AR AU - POPE, PE T2 - FERTILIZER RESEARCH DA - 1990/7// PY - 1990/7// DO - 10.1007/BF01073429 VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 141-145 SN - 0167-1731 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CAMCORE tree improvement program AU - Balocchi, C. E. T2 - CAMCORE Bulletin on Tropical Forestry DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// IS - 7 SP - 36 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thinning and harvesting regimes for yellow-poplar AU - Franklin, C. AU - Hazel, D. W. AU - Rucker, R. R. AU - Kronrad, G. D. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 101 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Latex colorant slows drying of redcedar Christmas trees AU - Hinesley, L. E. T2 - HortScience DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 25 IS - 6 SP - 673 ER - TY - CONF TI - Production of important black bear foods in the Southern Appalachians AU - Powell, R. A. AU - Seaman, D. E. A2 - L. M. Darling, W. R. Archibald A2 - Dean, F. C. C2 - 1990/// C3 - Bears--their biology and management : eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management : a selection of papers from the Conference held at Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, February 1989 DA - 1990/// DO - 10.2307/3872918 VL - 8 SP - 183-187 PB - International Association for Bear Research and Management SN - 0944740030 ER - TY - CONF TI - Identifying patterns and intensity of home range use AU - Seaman, D. E. AU - Powell, R. A. A2 - L. M. Darling, W. R. Archibald A2 - Dean, F. C. C2 - 1990/// C3 - Bears--their biology and management : eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management : a selection of papers from the Conference held at Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, February 1989 DA - 1990/// DO - 10.2307/3872925 VL - 8 SP - 243-249 PB - International Association for Bear Research and Management SN - 0944740030 ER - TY - JOUR TI - INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF HOME RANGES OF BLACK BEARS AND ANALYSES OF HOME-RANGE OVERLAP AU - HORNER, MA AU - POWELL, RA T2 - JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY AB - Journal Article Internal Structure of Home Ranges of Black Bears and Analyses of Home-Range Overlap Get access Margaret A. Horner, Margaret A. Horner Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Roger A. Powell Roger A. Powell Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 71, Issue 3, 28 August 1990, Pages 402–410, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381953 Published: 28 August 1990 DA - 1990/8// PY - 1990/8// DO - 10.2307/1381953 VL - 71 IS - 3 SP - 402-410 SN - 0022-2372 ER - TY - JOUR TI - DEVELOPMENT OF SURVIVAL SKILLS IN CAPTIVE-RAISED SIBERIAN POLECATS (MUSTELA-EVERSMANNI) .2. PREDATOR AVOIDANCE AU - MILLER, B AU - BIGGINS, D AU - WEMMER, C AU - POWELL, R AU - CALVO, L AU - HANEBURY, L AU - WHARTON, T T2 - JOURNAL OF ETHOLOGY DA - 1990/12// PY - 1990/12// DO - 10.1007/BF02350280 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 95-104 SN - 0289-0771 ER - TY - JOUR TI - DEVELOPMENT OF SURVIVAL SKILLS IN CAPTIVE-RAISED SIBERIAN POLECATS (MUSTELA-EVERSMANNI) .1. LOCATING PREY AU - MILLER, B AU - BIGGINS, D AU - WEMMER, C AU - POWELL, R AU - HANEBURY, L AU - HORN, D AU - VARGAS, A T2 - JOURNAL OF ETHOLOGY DA - 1990/12// PY - 1990/12// DO - 10.1007/BF02350279 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 89-94 SN - 0289-0771 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Name game AU - Nielsen, L. A. T2 - Fisheries DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - That dirty word AU - Nielsen, L. A. T2 - Fisheries DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 15 IS - 5 SP - 31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Criteria for evalutating University Fisheries programs: A report of the University Program Standards Committee AU - Adelman, I. R. AU - Griswold, B. L. AU - Herring, J. L. AU - Menzel, B. W. AU - Nielsen, L. A. AU - Noble, R. L. AU - Schramm, H. L. AU - Winter, J. D. T2 - Fisheries DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 13-16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A New focus for wildlife resource managers: the nature of the resource is changing AU - Giles, R. H. AU - Nielsen, L. A. T2 - Journal of Forestry DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 88 IS - 3 SP - 21-26 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A test we all need to pass AU - Nielsen, L. A. T2 - Virginia Forests DA - 1990/// PY - 1990/// VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 11-13 ER -