TY - CONF TI - Presence of meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in deer populations in South Dakota: a pilot study AU - Schmitz, L.E. AU - Jenks, J.A. AU - Bauman, P.J. AU - DePerno, C.S. AU - Gerads, J.R. AU - Griffin, S.L. AU - Morlock, W.W. AU - Schaur, R.J. AU - Fowler, R.M. AU - Heismeyer, G.L. AU - Hauk, R.W. AU - Rice, L.A. T2 - Midwest Deer Turkey Group C2 - 1998/// C3 - Proceedings Midwest Deer Turkey Group DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// SP - 22 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Aquatic ecosystems in agricultural landscapes: achievable ecological outcomes and targeted indicators of ecological health AU - Watzin, M.C. AU - McIntosh, A.W. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// M3 - USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Technical Report Series ER - TY - CHAP TI - The role of indicator species: Neotropical migratory song birds AU - Simons, T.R. AU - Rabenold, K.N. AU - Buehler, D.A. AU - Collazo, J. AU - Franzreb, K.E. T2 - Ecosystem management for sustainability: principles and practices illustrated by the Southern Appalachian Man and Biosphere Cooperative A2 - Peine, J. PY - 1998/// PB - CRC Press ER - TY - CHAP TI - Restoring the Bald Eagle AU - Simons, T.R. AU - Sherrod, S.K. AU - Collopy, M.W. AU - Jenkins, M.A. T2 - Exploring Ecology and Its Applications A2 - Kareiva, P.M. PY - 1998/// PB - Sigma Xi ER - TY - BOOK TI - Indicator Birds of the Costa Rican Cloud Forest AU - Ross, D.L., Jr. AU - Rabenold, K.N. AU - Simons, T.R. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Library of Natural Sounds, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology SN - 0- 938027-42-5 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The effects of landscape pattern, core areas, and forest management practices on avian communities in the southern Appalachians AU - Simons, T.R. AU - Lichstein, J.L. AU - Franzreb, K.E. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluating Great Smoky Mountains National Park as a population source for Wood Thrush AU - Simons, T.R. AU - Farnsworth, G.L. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - RPRT TI - Ecology and conservation of Neotropical migrants in the southern Appalachians AU - Simons, T.R. AU - Shriner, S.A. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Wetlands Mitigation Optimization Model Using NC Crews AU - Gainey, K.W. AU - Roise, J.P. T2 - Connections 98: National Conference on Transportation, Wetlands and the Natural Environment C2 - 1998/9/16/ CY - New Bern, NC DA - 1998/9/16/ PY - 1998/9/16/ ER - TY - CONF TI - A Tactical Level Approach to Lumber Manufacturing Decisions: use of a Computer-Aided Sawing Pattern Design Program AU - Roise, J.P. T2 - INFORMS National Conference C2 - 1998/10/25/ CY - Seattle, WA DA - 1998/10/25/ PY - 1998/10/25/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trophic interactions between yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and their benthic prey in a littoral zone community AU - Cobb, Susan E AU - Watzin, Mary C T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AB - Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) growth rates in northern Lake Champlain have declined in recent years while densities have increased, suggesting resource limitation. At high densities, predators have the potential to influence prey communities, but these effects can be highly complex. Using in situ mesh cages in an unmanipulated littoral zone setting, we examined the effects of two densities (0.5 and 1.5/m 2 ) of yellow perch on (i) their growth and (ii) the abundance of major prey groups in the benthic community. Yellow perch growth rates were significantly lower in the high-density treatment than in the low-density treatment. Because site characteristics were not manipulated, measured covariates reflecting sediment and vegetation variation between cages were used to help clarify treatment effects on benthos. Fish predation on invertebrate prey was significant only in the high-density predator treatment for three of the six prey groups examined (predatory chironomids, prey chironomids, and isopods). For this littoral zone community, availability and abundance of benthic prey strongly influenced yellow perch growth rates; but the effect of yellow perch predation on benthic community structure was only moderate. DA - 1998/1/1/ PY - 1998/1/1/ DO - 10.1139/f97-205 VL - 55 IS - 1 SP - 28-36 J2 - Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. LA - en OP - SN - 0706-652X 1205-7533 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-205 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - An observation of a White-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) exhibiting partial albinism AU - Brooks, T. AU - Anderson, C.G. AU - Kays, R.W. T2 - The Migrant DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 69 IS - 3 SP - 130–131 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On uncertainty in remediation analysis: variance propagation from subsurface transport to exposure modeling AU - Bennett, D.H. AU - James, A.L. AU - McKone, T.E. AU - Oldenburg, C.M. T2 - Reliability Engineering & System Safety AB - Addressing long-term potential human exposures to, and health risks from contaminants in the subsurface environment requires the use of models. Because these models must project contaminant behavior into the future, and make use of highly variable landscape properties, there is uncertainty associated with predictions of long-term exposure. Many parameters used in both subsurface contaminant transport simulation and health risk assessment have variance owing to uncertainty and/or variability. These parameters are best represented by ranges or probability distributions rather than single values. Based on a case study with information from an actual site contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE), we demonstrate the propagation of variance in the simulation of risk using a complex subsurface contaminant transport simulation model integrated with a multi-pathway human health risk model. Ranges of subsurface contaminant concentrations are calculated with the subsurface transport simulator T2VOC (using the associated code ITOUGH2 for uncertainty analysis) for a three-dimensional system in which TCE migrates in both the vadose and saturated zones over extended distances and time scales. The subsurface TCE concentration distributions are passed to CalTOX, a multimedia, multi-pathway exposure model, which is used to calculate risk through multiple exposure pathways based on inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact. Monte Carlo and linear methods are used for the propagation of uncertainty owing to parameter variance. We demonstrate how rank correlation can be used to evaluate contributions to overall uncertainty from each model system. In this sample TCE case study, we find that although exposure model uncertainties are significant, subsurface transport uncertainties are dominant. DA - 1998/10// PY - 1998/10// DO - 10.1016/s0951-8320(97)00160-9 VL - 62 IS - 1-2 SP - 117-129 J2 - Reliability Engineering & System Safety LA - en OP - SN - 0951-8320 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(97)00160-9 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reduced Pyrene Bioavailability in Microbially Active Soils AU - Guthrie, Elizabeth A. AU - Pfaender, Frederick K. T2 - Environmental Science & Technology AB - The influence of microbial activity on pyrene biodegradation and fate was assessed by quantifying the distribution of 14C-label and pyrene among soil organic matter fractions (SOM) in soils that contained varied microbial communities. A southern, hardwood forest soil was incubated with pyrene in aerated chambers for 9 months. Soil was incubated in three sets: soil alone, soil augmented with a pyrene-degrading community, and soil inhibited with sodium azide (NaN3). After 9 months, pyrene mineralization was observed only in the degrader-amended soil set. Most of the pyrene and [14C]pyrene in the NaN3-amended soil set was recovered by solvent extraction (>75%). The [14C]pyrene extracted from the NaN3-amended soil set was mineralized by a microbial community shown to mineralize pyrene. Extractable pyrene from nonamended soil and degrader-amended soil sets decreased with time due to biodegradation. Extracted label from these soils was not mineralized to the same extent as NaN3-amended soil. Nonextractable label in humic/fulvic acid and humin fractions was greater in these soils than in the NaN3-amended soil set. Pyrene degradation products were detected in biologically active soils by HPLC. Over time, the extractability of pyrene and pyrene products in biologically active soils decreased to a greater extent than NaN3-amended soil. DA - 1998/2// PY - 1998/2// DO - 10.1021/es970670d VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 501-508 J2 - Environ. Sci. Technol. LA - en OP - SN - 0013-936X 1520-5851 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es970670d DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Getting Beyond Marginality and Ethnicity: The Challenge for Race and Ethnic Studies in Leisure Research AU - Floyd, Myron F. T2 - Journal of Leisure Research AB - Over the past 30 years leisure scholars have produced a substantial literature around the dynamics of race and ethnicity in leisure behavior. Two major social forces have impelled research questions involving race and ethnicity to the foreground of leisure studies. During the 1960s, the marginal social and economic conditions of racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. and abroad arrested attention of public policymakers and social scientists. In the U.S., the Civil Rights movement climaxed, leading to the dismantling of longstanding institutional barriers to political participation and public accommodations, including specific actions targeted at public parks and other recreation areas (Murphy, 1972). The heightened awareness of racial inequality during this period brought about sharper focus on black-white differentials in outdoor recreation participation and leisure activity preferences. Initial research questions dealing with race and ethnicity were contextualized by the socio-political agenda of this era. Thus, it is not surprising that differential rates of participation in public recreation and leisure programs exhibited by different ethnic groups, primarily between the minority and white majority, received the greatest scrutiny from researchers. More recent demographic changes in North America represent the second major factor drawing attention to racial and ethnic issues. Numerous books, articles, and governmental reports have called attention to the rate of growth and projected increase of ethnic minorities relative to nonHispanic whites (e.g., Murdock, 1995; O'Hare, 1992; U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1994). Using detailed cohort-projection techniques, Murdock and associates (1990, 1991, 1996) and Dwyer (1994) have examined how growth of ethnic minority populations is likely to impact participation in a variety of outdoor recreation activities. Their analyses suggest that racial and ethnic minority population growth will be reflected in the composition of activity participants. Specifically, they project that growth in the number of participants in several leisure activities will be due primarily to increases among non-white populations. While only in the last several years have these trends been reported in the scholarly literature, practitioners have witnessed the shift in demographic trends up-close and have been challenged to re-orient programs and services to meet the needs of a more racially and ethnically diverse clientele. Largely in response to such factors, researchers have sought to understand ethnic patterns in leisure participation, attempting to make sense of the race and ethnicity dynamic in leisure settings. It is fitting that the Journal of Leisure Research would devote a special issue to race and ethnicity some 30 years removed from the Civil Rights era and in the midst of the current ethnic transformation of North America. Coincidentally, this issue appears exactly 20 years after Randel Washburne's (1978) seminal article on black underparticipation in wildland recreation in Leisure Sciences. Washburne's piece was not the first empirical study of race and ethnic effects on leisure participation. Several research reports, symposium papers, books, and book chapters predate his publication (e.g., Jones, 1927; Mueller & Gurin, 1962; Meeker, Woods, & Lucas, 1972; Cheek, Field, & Burch, 1976). His contribution was the articulation of a conceptual basis-marginality and ethnicity-for interpreting race and ethnic effects in leisure participation. This special issue provides an opportunity to evaluate the extent of progress in understanding race and ethnic effects in leisure. Moreover, the marginality-ethnicity framework stands as a useful benchmark to gauge where the current literature is positioned both theoretically and empirically with respect to race and ethnic concerns. As part of the special issue, several observations about the state of the race and ethnic studies literature within the leisure field will be discussed. … DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1080/00222216.1998.11949816 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 3-22 J2 - Journal of Leisure Research LA - en OP - SN - 0022-2216 2159-6417 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1998.11949816 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - Planting your new stewardship forest AU - Bardon, R.E. AU - Megalos, M.A. AU - Willingham, O. A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// M1 - 37 M3 - Woodland Owner Note PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service SN - 37 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Woodscaping your woodlands AU - Bardon, R.E. A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// M1 - AG 584 M3 - Agriculture Publication PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service SN - AG 584 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Land use and environmental factors influencing soil surface CO2 flux and microbial biomass in natural and managed ecosystems in southern Wisconsin AU - Wagai, R AU - Brye, KR AU - Gower, ST AU - Norman, JM AU - Bundy, LG T2 - SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY AB - Many of the native prairies in southern Wisconsin, and the midwestern United States in general, have been replaced by conventional till (chisel plow) and no-tillage corn agroecosystems. However, knowledge of the influence of land use change on the structure and function of ecosystems is incomplete. Soil surface CO2 flux is a major transfer of carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere and varies greatly among vegetation types. We measured soil surface CO2 flux and microbial biomass in tilled and no-till corn agroecosystems and a restored prairie ecosystem, examined the influence of various environmental factors on soil surface CO2 flux in these ecosystems, and estimated annual soil surface CO2 flux for the natural and managed ecosystems. Soil surface CO2 flux is significantly greater for prairie and conventional tilled corn than for no-till corn in the spring, greater for prairie than tilled and no-till corn from July to early October, and is similar for all three ecosystems in the late fall and winter. Soil surface CO2 flux is positively correlated to soil temperature at 10 cm for all three ecosystems (r2=0.43–0.60, P<0.001), but is only weakly correlated to soil moisture. Using an empirical model to estimate soil surface CO2 flux from 10 cm soil temperatures, we estimate annual soil surface CO2 fluxes of 508, 535 and 719 (g C m−2 y−1) for the tilled and no-till corn and restored prairie ecosystems, respectively, demonstrating that land use practices significantly affect soil surface CO2 flux. DA - 1998/10// PY - 1998/10// DO - 10.1016/s0038-0717(98)00041-8 VL - 30 IS - 12 SP - 1501-1509 SN - 0038-0717 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw AU - Goulden, ML AU - Wofsy, SC AU - Harden, JW AU - Trumbore, SE AU - Crill, PM AU - Gower, ST AU - Fries, T AU - Daube, BC AU - Fan, SM AU - Sutton, DJ AU - Bazzaz, A AU - Munger, JW T2 - SCIENCE AB - We used eddy covariance; gas-exchange chambers; radiocarbon analysis; wood, moss, and soil inventories; and laboratory incubations to measure the carbon balance of a 120-year-old black spruce forest in Manitoba, Canada. The site lost 0.3 +/- 0.5 metric ton of carbon per hectare per year (ton C ha-1 year-1) from 1994 to 1997, with a gain of 0.6 +/- 0.2 ton C ha-1 year-1 in moss and wood offset by a loss of 0.8 +/- 0.5 ton C ha-1 year-1 from the soil. The soil remained frozen most of the year, and the decomposition of organic matter in the soil increased 10-fold upon thawing. The stability of the soil carbon pool ( approximately 150 tons C ha-1) appears sensitive to the depth and duration of thaw, and climatic changes that promote thaw are likely to cause a net efflux of carbon dioxide from the site. DA - 1998/1/9/ PY - 1998/1/9/ DO - 10.1126/science.279.5348.214 VL - 279 IS - 5348 SP - 214-217 SN - 0036-8075 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measurements of leaf orientation, light distribution and sunlit leaf area in a boreal aspen forest AU - Kucharik, CJ AU - Norman, JM AU - Gower, ST T2 - AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY AB - A new instrument called a Multiband Vegetation Imager (MVI) (Kucharik et al., 1997), which uses a 16-bit charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and filter exchange mechanism to capture 2-band (visible and near-infrared) image pairs of plant canopies, has been used to measure the light distribution over sunlit leaves and indirectly infer leaf area index (LAI), sunlit LAI and leaf angle distribution (LAD) in a boreal aspen (Populus tremuloides) forest during the Boreal Ecosystem–Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). One purpose of this study is to demonstrate that by combining MVI measurements with numerical Monte Carlo simulations of forest canopy architecture, the LAD and sunlit LAI of aspen can be obtained indirectly. Our results show that this boreal aspen stand exemplifies an erectophile LAD, with a mean leaf inclination angle near 70°. We also find that the values of the measured and modeled sunlit leaf area in aspen do not change dramatically for typical northern boreal latitude solar zenith angles (i.e. 30–70°). A major problem with determining the sunlit LAI is deciding what range of light intensities constitute a sunlit leaf because penumbra create a smooth continuum of light intensities over sunlit and shaded leaves in the canopy. Therefore, we show that the upper and lower limits can be placed on sunlit LAI values in aspen by using different leaf illumination threshold levels to determine sunlit and shaded LAI in the canopy. Typically, sunlit LAI values in aspen (LAI=3.3) range between 0.8–1.0 at a 70° sun zenith angle and 1.1–1.6 at a 30° sun zenith angle. Monte Carlo simulations and MVI measurements suggest that canopy sunlit leaf area estimates are possible from below the canopy at modest LAI values (<∼4.0) but become unreliable in higher LAI (>5.0). Since a substantial fraction of the total sunlit leaf area can be viewed from below the canopy in aspen (40–60% of the total sunlit LAI), a representative light distribution can be measured and used to quantify the canopy leaf angle distribution. DA - 1998/5/11/ PY - 1998/5/11/ DO - 10.1016/s0168-1923(98)00058-6 VL - 91 IS - 1-2 SP - 127-148 SN - 0168-1923 KW - boreal aspen forest KW - sunlight KW - canopy KW - penumbra ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measurements of branch area and adjusting leaf area index indirect measurements AU - Kucharik, CJ AU - Norman, JM AU - Gower, ST T2 - AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY AB - Estimates of leaf area index obtained with indirect measurement techniques, which are replacing more arduous destructive sampling methods, are frequently questioned due to light interception by woody elements and a non-random distribution of foliage elements. Usually, branches are assumed to be positioned randomly with respect to leaves or shoots in the canopy. However, in this study of boreal forest architecture, branches are shown to be preferentially shaded by other non-woody elements (e.g. shoots or leaves) in both coniferous and deciduous species of the boreal region. A new instrument called a Multiband Vegetation Imager (MVI) is used to capture two-band (Visible, 400–620 nm and Near-Infrared, 720–950 nm) image pairs of contrasting Canadian boreal forest canopies during the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). The spatial relationship of branches and photosynthetically active foliage is studied to estimate the fraction of the effective branch hemi-surface area index (Be) that is masked by leaves and shoots. We suggest an approach that corrects indirect LAI measurements using the LAI-2000 or a similar instrument by correcting for the following biases: (1) the effective canopy branch hemi-surface area that is not masked by leaves or shoots in the canopy, (2) the amount of stem hemi-surface area beneath crowns, (3) leaf (or shoot) (Ωe(θ)) and branch (Ωb(θ)) non-random spatial distributions in the canopy, and (4) the fraction of maximum LAI resulting from defoliation in the canopy. In boreal aspen, MVI image analysis shows that 95% of the effective branch hemi-surface area is masked by other foliage in the canopy. In jack pine and black spruce forests, 80–90% of the effective branch hemi-surface area is masked by other foliage in the canopy. These estimates suggest the fraction of indirect LAI that consists of branches intercepting light is less than 10%. Therefore, branches generally do not intercept a significant amount of beam radiation in boreal forests, and do not significantly bias indirect LAI measurements. However, stems, which comprise 30–50% of the total woody area in this study, may not be preferentially shaded by leafy foliage. Therefore, stem contribution to indirect LAI estimates measured with the LAI-2000 or a similar instrument cannot be overlooked. MVI estimates of the total branch hemi-surface area index agree to within 10–40% of direct measurements made in similar species; however, the error between indirect and direct measurements may be due largely to difficulties associated with obtaining adequate sampling so that the error may fall within the noise level of measurements. DA - 1998/5/11/ PY - 1998/5/11/ DO - 10.1016/s0168-1923(98)00064-1 VL - 91 IS - 1-2 SP - 69-88 SN - 0168-1923 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of soil and vegetation characteristics of six upland forest habitat types in north central Wisconsin AU - Fassnacht, K. S. AU - Gower, S. T. T2 - Northern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 69-76 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Foliar carbon isotope discrimination in Larix species and sympatric evergreen conifers: a global comparison AU - Kloeppel, BD AU - Gower, ST AU - Treichel, IW AU - Kharuk, S T2 - OECOLOGIA DA - 1998/4// PY - 1998/4// DO - 10.1007/s004420050431 VL - 114 IS - 2 SP - 153-159 SN - 1432-1939 KW - foliar nitrogen KW - needle age KW - specific leaf area KW - water use efficiency KW - delta(13) carbon ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmental variables regulating soil carbon dioxide efflux following clear-cutting of a Pinus radiata D. Don plantation AU - Arneth, A AU - Kelliher, FM AU - Gower, ST AU - Scott, NA AU - Byers, JN AU - McSeveny, TM T2 - JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES AB - The regulation of soil surface CO 2 efflux ( F s ) from a dryland Pinus radiata clear‐cut in New Zealand (658‐mm annual rainfall, 50‐mm soil water storage over 0.5‐m depth of soil) was quantified using a multiplicative, soil moisture and temperature constraint model. Model parameters were determined from measurements of F s by eddy covariance and by two portable CO 2 analyzers equipped with soil chambers during 8 consecutive days in November 1995. F s from the two chamber systems agreed consistently, but agreement between chamber and eddy covariance measurements was confined to a very small flux‐range (1.5–2.5 μmol m −2 s −1 ). When the soil surface was wet and wind speed ( u , a surrogate for static pressure fluctuations) was high, eddy covariance fluxes were >3 μmol m −2 s −1 (maximum 5.0 m −2 s −1 ), significantly higher than the chamber values. Including u as a third constraint in the model facilitated good predictions of F s over the entire range of environmental conditions. Daily F s during the study period ranged from 0.8 to 2.9 g C m −2 . Driven by weather data from the forest fire station and subroutines for soil water balance and temperature, modeled F s for the year ending in June 1996 was 0.37 kg C m −2 . This year had below average (547 mm) rainfall. For a year with 640‐mm rainfall, a significant increase of annual F s (0.44 kg C m −2 ) demonstrated the severe restriction of soil microbial activity by moisture deficit at dryland sites. Moreover, when the soil was adequately watered, F s was frequently restricted by low wind speed. DA - 1998/3/20/ PY - 1998/3/20/ DO - 10.1029/97jd03464 VL - 103 IS - D5 SP - 5695-5705 SN - 2169-897X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon and nitrogen dynamics of boreal jack pine stands with and without a green alder understory AU - Vogel, JG AU - Gower, ST T2 - ECOSYSTEMS DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1007/s100219900032 VL - 1 IS - 4 SP - 386-400 SN - 1432-9840 KW - jack pine KW - alder KW - feathermoss KW - aboveground net primary production KW - nitrogen-use efficiency KW - nitrogen-isotope discrimination KW - boreal forests KW - nitrogen fixation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Population genetics - No need to isolate genetics AU - Soule, ME AU - Mills, LS T2 - SCIENCE AB - Does the loss of genetic variability in small populations contribute to their extinction? SoulA© comments on this question in his Perspective, referring to new data from a long-term study of the declining population of the Illinois prairie chicken (Westemeier et al .) on p. [1695][1] of this issue. Results from this study indicate that inbreeding depression does in fact exacerbate the likelihood of extinction. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/282/5394/1695 DA - 1998/11/27/ PY - 1998/11/27/ DO - 10.1126/science.282.5394.1658 VL - 282 IS - 5394 SP - 1658-1659 SN - 0036-8075 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The geomorphic influences of burrowing beavers on streambanks, Bolin creek, North Carolina AU - Meentemeyer, R. K. AU - Vogler, J. B. AU - Butler, D. R. T2 - Zeitschrift fur geomorphologie DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 42 IS - 4 SP - 453-468 ER - TY - JOUR TI - No need to Isolate Genetics AU - Soule, M. E. AU - Mills, L. S. T2 - Science DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 282 SP - 1658-1659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Resistance in fir species to Phytophthora root rot AU - Frampton, J. AU - Sidebottom, J. R. T2 - American Christmas Tree Journal DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fraser fir cone collection and seed processing AU - Frampton, J. T2 - American Christmas Tree Journal DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fir species of the world AU - Frampton, J. T2 - Limbs & Needles DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 8-28 ER - TY - TI - Christmas Tree Genetics web site AU - Frampton, J. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Forest industry opportunities to benefit from and contribute to bioenergy business development AU - Robison, D. J. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Proceedings- Bioenergy '98 DA - 1998/// SP - 240-242 PB - Madison, WI: Great Lakes Regional Biomass Energy Program ER - TY - CONF TI - First year growth and development of willow and poplar biomass energy crops as related to foliar characteristics AU - Tharakan, P. J. AU - Abrahamson, L. P. AU - Isebrands, J. AU - Robison, D. J. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Proceedings of Bioenergy '98 DA - 1998/// SP - 1170-1181 PB - Madison, WI: Great Lakes Regional Biomass Energy Program ER - TY - JOUR TI - Appendix - Fraser fir catalyst growth test AU - Frampton, J. T2 - Christmas Trees DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 46-47 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Advancing hardwood production forestry AU - Robison, D. J. AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Li, B. T2 - Paper Age DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 1998 IS - May SP - 22-24 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 1998 Fraser fir control pollinations AU - Frampton, J. T2 - Limbs & Needles DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 8-9 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Suppliers of hardwood tree seedlings and seed for forest planting in the SE AU - Robison, D. J. AU - al., A3 - Raleigh, NC: Department of Forestry DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - P98-1 PB - Raleigh, NC: Department of Forestry ER - TY - RPRT TI - 35th annual report, NC State? Hardwood Research Cooperative AU - Robison, D. J. A3 - Raleigh, NC: Dept. of Forestry DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Raleigh, NC: Dept. of Forestry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal changes in leaf nitrogen pools in two Salix species AU - Kull, O. AU - Koppel, A. AU - Noormets, A. T2 - Tree Physiology AB - Leaf nitrogen distribution pattern was studied four times during the growing season in a 2-year-old Salix viminalis L. and Salix dasyclados Wimm. plantation in Estonia. We measured the vertical distributions of leaf nitrogen concentration, dry mass, leaf area and light environment (as fractional transmission of diffuse irradiance, ad) in the canopy. The light-independent nitrogen pool was evaluated as the intercept of the leaf nitrogen concentration versus ad relationship, and the nondegradable nitrogen pool was evaluated as the nitrogen remaining in abscised leaves. A strong vertical gradient of mass-based leaf nitrogen concentration was detected at the beginning of the growing season, and decreased steadily during canopy development. This decline had at least three causes: (1) the amount of nitrogen in the foliage was larger at the beginning of the growing season than at the end of the growing season, probably because of pre-existing root systems; (2) with increasing leaf area index (LAI) during the growing season, the proportion of leaf nitrogen in total canopy nitrogen that could be redistributed (light-dependent nitrogen pool) decreased; and (3) the photosynthetic photon flux density gradient inside the canopy changed during the season, most probably because of changes in leaf area and leaf angle distributions. Total canopy nitrogen increased almost proportionally to LAI, whereas the light-dependent nitrogen pool had a maximum in August. Also, the proportion of the light-dependent nitrogen pool in the total canopy nitrogen decreased steadily from 65.2% in June to 17.2% in September in S. dasyclados and from 63.3 to 15.1% in S. viminalis. The degradable nitrogen pool was always bigger than the light-dependent nitrogen pool. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1093/treephys/18.1.45 VL - 18 SP - 45-51 ER - TY - CONF TI - Results from an eighteen year old Pinus brutia provenance-progeny trials AU - Isik, F. AU - Isik, K. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Forestry Symposium in 75th Anniversary of Turkish Republic DA - 1998/// VL - 75 ER - TY - CONF TI - Efforts on conservation of forest genetic resources in Turkey AU - Isik, F. C2 - 1998/// C3 - IUFRO All Division 2 Conference on Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement DA - 1998/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Differentiation of Pinus brutia populations revealed by principal component analysis AU - Isik, F. C2 - 1998/// C3 - The Proceedings of International Symposium on in-situ Conservation of Plant Genetic Diversity DA - 1998/// SP - 257-264 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of prescribed fire on the regeneration of Lebanon Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich) in Kas, Antalya locality AU - Boydak, M. AU - Isik, F. AU - Dogan, B. T2 - Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 22 SP - 399-404 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Post Kyoto strategies: the CDM, international cooperation and private sector participation AU - Kaplan, M. AU - Cuciti, P. AU - Steelman, T. A. A3 - Denver: Institute for Policy Implementation, Graduate School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado at Denver DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Denver: Institute for Policy Implementation, Graduate School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado at Denver ER - TY - RPRT TI - Genetic variation, heritability and genetic gains from Pinus brutia Ten. Provenance-progeny trials AU - Isik, F. A3 - Western Mediterranean Forest Research Institute DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// M1 - 7 M3 - Technical Bulletin PB - Western Mediterranean Forest Research Institute SN - 7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic variation in Pinus brutia in Turkey: II. Branching and crown traits AU - Isik, K. AU - Isik, F. T2 - Silvae Genetica DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 48 SP - 293-302 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Change on the range: the challenge of regulating large-scale hog farming In Colorado AU - Steelman, T. A. AU - Page, B. AU - Burton, L. A3 - The Wirth Chair in Environmental and Community Development Policy Discussion Paper Series DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - The Wirth Chair in Environmental and Community Development Policy Discussion Paper Series ER - TY - RPRT TI - The most common mistakes made in progeny test establishment AU - McKeand, S. E. A3 - Department of Forestry, N.C. State University DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Department of Forestry, N.C. State University ER - TY - CONF TI - Options for estimating and influencing local collection of forest products AU - Sills, E. A2 - Abt, R. A2 - Lee, K. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Proceedings of the 1998 Southern Forest Economics Workshop DA - 1998/// PB - Research Triangle Park, USDA Forest Service ER - TY - RPRT TI - Loblolly pine breeding values from 2nd-generation diallel progeny tests AU - Li, B. AU - Hatcher, A. V. AU - Sprauge, J. R. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Weir, R. J. A3 - N.C. State University-Industry Cooperative Tree Improvement Program C6 - 1 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - N.C. State University-Industry Cooperative Tree Improvement Program ER - TY - RPRT TI - Grafting loblolly pine AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Jett, J. B. A3 - Department of Forestry, N.C. State University DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Department of Forestry, N.C. State University ER - TY - RPRT TI - Genetic basis for tree improvement AU - McKeand, S. E. A3 - Department of Forestry, N.C. State University DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Department of Forestry, N.C. State University ER - TY - RPRT TI - Full-sib breeding values from 2nd-cycle diallel progeny tests AU - Li, B. AU - Hatcher, A. V. AU - Sprauge, J. R. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Weir, R. J. A3 - N.C. State University-Industry Cooperative Tree Improvement Program C6 - 2 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - N.C. State University-Industry Cooperative Tree Improvement Program ER - TY - CONF TI - Antioxidant response of Populus tremuloides Michx. in early stages of oxidative stress AU - Noormets, A. AU - Karnosky, D. F. AU - Podila, G. K. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Plant Biology '98: The Annual Meeting of the American Society of Plant Physiologists DA - 1998/// SP - 91 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists ER - TY - JOUR TI - Constraints and opportunities for biological nitrogen fixation in a changing world AU - Wollum, AU - A. G., T2 - Harnessing biological nitrogen fixation in African agriculture : challenges and opportunities : Sixth International Conference of the African Association for Biological Nitrogen Fixation, 12-17 September, 1994, Harare, Zimbabwe : selected papers DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// SP - 11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A conceptual approach to stand management using leaf area index as the integral of site structure, physiological function, and resource supply AU - Sampson, D. A. AU - Vose, J. M. AU - Allen, H. L. T2 - Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial Southern Silviculture Research Conference : Clemson, South Carolina, February 25-27, 1997 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - -20 SP - 447 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The ecology and conservation of Pinus jaliscana AU - Dvorak, W. S. AU - Rosa, J. A. AU - Mapula, M. AU - Reyes, V. J. T2 - Forest Genetic Resources DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - 26 SP - 13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Site preparation treatment impact on Pinus taeda and Pinus serotina volume production in a North Carolina pocosin AU - Bettis, AU - L., J., Sr. T2 - Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial Southern Silviculture Research Conference : Clemson, South Carolina, February 25-27, 1997 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - -20 SP - 19 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanized precommercial strip thinning of loblolly pine in North Carolina AU - Franklin, C. AU - Lloyd, T. T2 - Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial Southern Silviculture Research Conference : Clemson, South Carolina, February 25-27, 1997 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - -20 SP - 205 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investing in wood production in southern pine plantations AU - Allen, H. L AU - Weir, R. J. AU - Goldfarb, B. T2 - Paper Age DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - Apr. SP - 20-21 ER - TY - CHAP TI - An investigation of the impacts of elevated CO2, irrigation, and fertilization on the physiology and growth of loblolly pine AU - Dougherty, P. M. AU - Allen, Howard AU - Kress, L. W. AU - Murthy, R. AU - Maier, C. AU - Albaugh, T. J. AU - Sampson, D. A. T2 - The productivity and sustainability of Southern forest ecosystems in a changing environment. (Ecological studies; 128) A2 - Mickler, R. A. A2 - Fox, S. AB - Southern pine forests that are dominated by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) are the most intensively managed forests in the United States. They provide more than 50% of the total softwood being harvested annually in the United States and represent the first or second most economically important agricultural crops in nine of the twelve southeastern states (U.S. Department Agriculture Forest Service, 1988). Thus, any changes in environmental conditions that will alter productivity of these forests will have important ecological, economical, and sociological consequences. Over the past several decades, the environment of southeastern forests has been changing. Increases in acidic deposition (SO4 and NOx), nitrogen inputs (Husar, 1986), atmospheric CO2 concentration (Conway et al., 1988; Keeling et al., 1989), and tropospheric ozone have all been documented to parallel the increase in population since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Climate change has also been predicted for the southeastern United States for the future. Each of these atmospheric and climatic elements that are being altered by human activities has the potential to affect productivity of southern pine forests. Nutrient availability, water availability, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and temperature are presently the principal factors that are limiting the productivity of southern pine forests. Thus, it is extremely important that we understand how changes in these factors will interact to affect physiological processes of forest stands. CN - SD390.7 .C55 P76 1998 PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4612-2178-4_9 SP - 149–168 PB - New York: Springer SN - 0387948511 ER - TY - CHAP TI - An index for assessing climate change and elevated carbon dioxide effects on loblolly pine productivity AU - Sampson, D. A. AU - Dougherty, P. M. AU - Allen, Howard T2 - The productivity and sustainability of Southern forest ecosystems in a changing environment. (Ecological studies; 128) A2 - Mickler, R. A. A2 - Fox, S. AB - Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests represent the major forest type in the southern United States. The loblolly pine region extends from Delaware and centraI Maryland south to central Florida and west to eastern Oklahoma and Texas (Fowells, 1965). The wide range of loblolly pine largely results from its rapid growth and its successful adaptation to many varieties of soil types and environmental conditions. These and other factors have made loblolly pine an important commercial species in the region. However, although loblolly pine occurs on a many types of sites, its commercial value, as measured by net primary productivity (NPP), varies tremendously and is strongly determined by variability in the local climate and stand and site conditions (McNulty et al., 1997). Uncertainty regarding potential changes in climate as a result of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has caused concern for the future commercial viability of loblolly pine forests. CN - SD390.7 .C55 P76 1998 PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4612-2178-4_21 SP - 367–389 PB - New York: Springer SN - 0387948511 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Non-industrial private forest landowners: Building the business case for sustainable forestry AU - Washburn, M. P. AU - Jones, S. B. AU - Nielsen, L. A. T2 - Michael B Jenkins (Ed.), The business of sustainable forestry: Case studies PY - 1998/// SP - 10-41 PB - Chicago: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Common property, collective interests, and community opposition to locally unwanted land uses AU - Steelman, TA AU - Carmin, J T2 - SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES AB - Investigations of "not in my backyard"; or NIMBY behavior often focus on the importance of the facility and the role that individual interests, such as property and health concerns, play in fostering opposition from local residents. These studies have not considered the role that common property resources and collective interests play when resistance to unwanted land uses arises. This investigation analyzes events surrounding the siting of a limestone mine on Laurel Mountain, West Virginia. After examining the emergence of a common property resource regime, the types of concerns that local residents expressed are examined. These comments suggest that when a common property resource is present, collective interests and community concerns may provide a stronger rationale for sustained action than individual interests. Keywords: collective actioncommon property resource regimescommon property resourcescommunitylocally unwanted land usesNIMBYself‐interest DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1080/08941929809381096 VL - 11 IS - 5 SP - 485-504 SN - 1521-0723 KW - collective action KW - common property resource regimes KW - common property resources KW - community KW - locally unwanted land uses KW - NIMBY KW - self-interest ER - TY - JOUR TI - NMR applications in cell wall research AU - Ralph, J. AU - Hatfield, R. AU - Fanchuang, L. AU - Marita, J. M. AU - Ede, R. M. AU - Junpeng, S. R. AU - Quideau, S. AU - Helm, R. AU - Grabber, J. AU - Kim, H. AU - Jimenez-Monteon, G. AU - Zhang, Y. AU - Landucci, L. AU - Sederoff, R. AU - Boudet, A. T2 - TAPPI Journal DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of root morphology on nursery and first-year field growth of rooted cuttings of loblolly pine AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Surles, S. E. AU - Thetford, M. AU - Blazich, F. A. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 231-234 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluation of domestic wastewater treatment by constructed wetlands AU - House, H. A3 - Raleigh, NC: University of North Carolina Water Resources Research Institute C6 - 1998 Apr. 1 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Raleigh, NC: University of North Carolina Water Resources Research Institute ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of site preparation, early fertilization, and weed control on 14-year old loblolly pine AU - Allen, H. L. AU - Lein, S. T2 - Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 51 IS - 1998 SP - 104-110 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the Russian wheat aphid resistance gene Dn2 in wheat AU - Myburg, AA AU - Cawood, M AU - Wingfield, BD AU - Botha, AM T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 1998/6// PY - 1998/6// DO - 10.1007/s001220050852 VL - 96 IS - 8 SP - 1162-1169 SN - 0040-5752 KW - wheat KW - Russian wheat aphid KW - Dn2 resistance gene KW - RAPD KW - SCAR ER - TY - CHAP TI - Summary of simulated forest responses to climate change in the southeastern United States T2 - The productivity and sustainability of southern forest ecosystems in a changing environment A2 - R. A. Mickler, A2 - S. Fox, AB - During the next century, substantial changes are expected to occur involving such environmental variables as temperature, precipitation, cloudiness, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), tropospheric ozone, and atmospheric deposition of nutrients such as sulfur and nitrogen (Melillo et al., 1993; Mitchell et al., 1992). These changes, which are expected to vary temporally and spatially, may have profound effects on forest health, productivity, and distribution. Some of these changes may directly affect the physiology of trees, others may alter the susceptibility of trees to such disturbances as fire and flooding, and others may alter the establishment and competitive balance of forest communities. Thus, environmental changes and stresses have the potential to alter not only the function of forest ecosystems, but also the structure, composition, and distribution of forests. CN - SD390.7.C55 P76 1998 PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4612-2178-4_26 SP - 479-500 PB - New York: Springer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving forestry incentives in North Carolina--1996 landowner survey results AU - Megalos, M. A. AU - Blank, G. B. T2 - Proceedings of the ... Society of American Foresters National Convention DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - 1998 SP - 399-400 ER - TY - BOOK TI - A brief history: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service AU - Caldwell, B. E. CN - S544.3 .N8 B75 1998 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State Cooperative Extension Service ER - TY - CONF TI - The development and use of best practices in forest watersheds using GIS and simulation models AU - McNulty, S.G. AU - Sun, G. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Comprehensive Watershed Management (ISWM'98): 1998 Sept. 7-10 / International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation DA - 1998/// SP - 391-398 M1 - 1998 PB - Beijing, China: China Ocean Press ER - TY - CHAP TI - Predictions of southern pine beetle populations using a forest ecosystem model T2 - The productivity and sustainability of southern forest ecosystems in a changing environment A2 - R. A. Mickler, A2 - S. Fox, AB - Dendroctonus frontalis Zirnm. (southern pine beetle (SPB)) has caused over $900 million in damage to pines in the southern United States between 1960 and 1990 (Price et al., 1992). The damage of SPB to loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.), and pitch (Pinus rigida Mill.) pine has long been established (Hopkins, 1899), however, extensive mapping of SPB infestations has only existed since 1960 (Price and Doggett, 1982). Early detection of SPB outbreak areas is essential to controlling population increases (Swain and Remion, 1981), but the range of SPB is large, SPB have six to eight generations per year, and there is inconsistency in the monitoring methods used to measure SPB populations across its range. Therefore, various models have been developed that attempt to predict SPB outbreak severity across the region (Hansen et al., 1973; Kalkstein, 1974; Michaels, 1984). CN - SD390.7.C55 P76 1998 PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4612-2178-4_33 SP - 617-634 PB - New York: Springer ER - TY - CHAP TI - Predictions and projections of pine productivity and hydrology in response to climate change across the southern United States AU - McNulty, S. G. AU - Vose, J. M. AU - Swank, W. T. T2 - The productivity and sustainability of southern forest ecosystems in a changing environment A2 - R. A. Mickler, A2 - S. Fox, AB - The southeastern United States is one of the most rapidly growing human population regions in continental United States, and as the population increases, the demand for commercial, industrial, and residential water will also increase (USWRC, 1978). Forest species type, stand age, and the climate all influence the amount of water use and yield from these areas (Swank et al., 1988). Because forests cover approximately 55% of the southern United States land area (Flather et al., 1989), changes in water use by forests could significantly change water yields and potentially lead to water shortages within the region. Hence, estimates of future water supply from forested areas are needed and this will require a model that can accurately predict potential change in forest wateruse at the regional scale. CN - SD390.7.C55 P76 1998 PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4612-2178-4_22 SP - 391-405 PB - New York: Springer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems - Hypotheses revisited AU - Aber, J AU - McDowell, W AU - Nadelhoffer, K AU - Magill, A AU - Berntson, G AU - Kamakea, M AU - McNulty, S AU - Currie, W AU - Rustad, L AU - Fernandez, I T2 - BIOSCIENCE AB - N itrogen emissions to the atmosphere due to human activity remain elevated in industrialized regions of the world and are accelerating in many developing regions (Galloway 1995). Although the deposition of sulfur has been reduced over much of the United States and Europe by aggressive environmental protection policies, current nitrogen deposition reduction targets in the US are modest. Nitrogen deposition remains relatively constant in the northeastern United States and is increasing in the Southeast and the West (Fenn et al. in press). The US acid deposition effects DA - 1998/11// PY - 1998/11// DO - 10.2307/1313296 VL - 48 IS - 11 SP - 921-934 SN - 1525-3244 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrogen excess in North American ecosystems: Predisposing factors, ecosystem responses, and management strategies AU - Fenn, ME AU - Poth, MA AU - Aber, JD AU - Baron, JS AU - Bormann, BT AU - Johnson, DW AU - Lemly, AD AU - McNulty, SG AU - Ryan, DE AU - Stottlemyer, R T2 - ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS DA - 1998/8// PY - 1998/8// DO - 10.2307/2641261 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 706-733 SN - 1939-5582 KW - atmospheric nitrogen deposition KW - eutrophication KW - forest ecosystems KW - nitrate leaching KW - nitrogen cycling KW - nitrogen saturation KW - soil acidification ER - TY - CONF TI - Modeling soil erosion and transport on forest landscape AU - Sun, G. AU - McNulty, S.G. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Proceedings of conference 29: February 16-20, 1998, Reno, Nevada, USA CN - S622.2 .I58 1998 DA - 1998/// SP - 187-198 PB - Steamboat Springs, CO: International Erosion Control Association ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aboveground biomass and nitrogen allocation of ten deciduous southern Appalachian tree species AU - Martin, JG AU - Kloeppel, BD AU - Schaefer, TL AU - Kimbler, DL AU - McNulty, SG T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH DA - 1998/11// PY - 1998/11// DO - 10.1139/cjfr-28-11-1648 VL - 28 IS - 11 SP - 1648-1659 SN - 1208-6037 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Dark-rumped petrel AU - Simons, T. R. AU - Hodges, C. N. T2 - The Birds of North America: Life histories for the 21st century A2 - A. Poole, P. Stettenheim A2 - Gill, F. CN - QL681 .B62 1992 no.345-360 PY - 1998/// SP - 1-24 PB - Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union ; Philadelphia, PA.: Academy of Natural Sciences ER - TY - CHAP TI - An integrated assessment of climate change on timber markets of the southern United States AU - Steiguer, J. E. AU - McNulty, S. G. T2 - The productivity and sustainability of southern forest ecosystems in a changing environment A2 - R. A. Mickler, A2 - S. Fox, AB - There is growing public concern that continued emissions of greenhouse gases could cause the global climate to change (Gore, 1992). Altered global climate could, in turn, have impacts on the earth’s natural systems and, ultimately, on human welfare (Office of Technology Assessment, 1991). Economic assessments of these potential welfare impacts are useful to government officials who ultimately may need to evaluate the costs and benefits of global change legislation. CN - SD390.7.C55 P76 1998 PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4612-2178-4_44 SP - 809-821 PB - New York: Springer ER - TY - CONF TI - A framework for understanding property rights and responsibilities in forested land AU - Warren, S. T. C2 - 1998/// C3 - Meeting in the middle, National Convention proceedings, Society of American Foresters: Memphis, Tennessee, October 4-8, 1997 DA - 1998/// PB - Bethesda, Maryland: Society of American Foresters ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of assistance foresters in nonindustrial private forest management: Alabama landowners' perspectives AU - Warren, S. T. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 101-105 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Wildlife communities AU - Wigley, T. B. AU - Lancia, R. A. T2 - Southern forested wetlands: Ecology and management A2 - M.G. Messina, A2 - Conner, W.H. CN - SD410.9 .S68 1998 PY - 1998/// SP - 205-236 PB - Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sustainability and environmental issues associated with willow bioenergy development in New York (USA) AU - Abrahamson, LP AU - Robison, DJ AU - Volk, TA AU - White, EH AU - Neuhauser, EF AU - Benjamin, WH AU - Peterson, JM T2 - BIOMASS & BIOENERGY AB - Biomass-for-bioenergy cropping and production systems based on willow (and poplar) planted and managed at high densities and short (3–4 year) coppice harvest cycles, providing fuel for co-firing with coal (or other types of energy conversion) must be ecologically and environmentally sustainable to be commercially successful. Current knowledge and ongoing research and development indicate that the production and utilization systems involved are environmentally and ecologically sustainable. Therefore two primary constraints to commercialization are being met. The remaining constraint is economic viability based on cost of production and use, the value of environmental externalities (such as atmospheric emissions), and potential government/public policy actions to promote this system of providing a locally produced and renewable farm crop and fuel. The environmental and ecological benefits of the system should act as a catalyst for developments needed to overcome the economic constraints of the system. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/S0961-9534(97)10061-7 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 17-22 SN - 0961-9534 KW - agroforestry KW - dedicated feedstock KW - biopower KW - biofuel KW - short-rotation intensive culture KW - SRIC KW - environment KW - utility industry KW - northeastern US ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reshaping expectations for web-based collaborative learning AU - Hess, G. R. AU - Abt, R. AU - Serow, R. T2 - Natural Resources and Environmental Issues DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 7 IS - 1998 SP - 104-109 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Evaluating a web-based course AU - Serow, R. C. AU - Hess, G. R. AU - Abt, R. C. AU - Ukpabi, C. V. T2 - Program evaluation handbook PY - 1998/// SP - 57-60 PB - Needham Heights, Mass.: Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing SN - 0536010536 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The emergence of high-resolution satellite digital imagery for acquisition roadway inventory features AU - Karimi, H. A. AU - Dai, X. L. AU - Khatak, A. J. AU - Hummer, J. E. T2 - Space Energy and Transportation DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 19-26 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Propagation method influences first year field survival and growth of Paulownia AU - Bergmann, BA T2 - NEW FORESTS DA - 1998/11// PY - 1998/11// DO - 10.1023/A:1006529622871 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 251-264 SN - 0169-4286 KW - clonal forestry KW - field performance KW - micropropagation KW - Paulownia elongata KW - Paulownia fortunei KW - Paulownia x 'Henan 1' KW - princess toe KW - rooted cuttings ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrogen, the confer-N-s - First International Nitrogen Conference 1998 - Summary statement AU - Erisman, JW AU - Brydges, T AU - Bull, K AU - Cowling, E AU - Grennfelt, P AU - Nordberg, L AU - Satake, K AU - Schneider, T AU - Smeulders, S AU - Hoek, KW AU - Wisniewski, , JR AU - Wisniewski, J T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)80008-0 VL - 102 SP - 3-12 SN - 0269-7491 KW - nitrogen compounds KW - emission KW - atmospheric processes KW - effects KW - vegetation KW - soil KW - groundwater KW - abatement ER - TY - JOUR TI - High-resolution satellite imagery aids roadway data collection AU - Khattak, A. J. AU - Karimi, H. A. AU - Dai, X. L. AU - Hummer, J. E. T2 - Public Works DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - 1998 Nov. SP - 28-30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of agricultural runoff dispersion on nitrate reduction in forested filter zone soils AU - Verchot, LV AU - Franklin, EC AU - Gilliam, JW T2 - SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL AB - Abstract Forested filter zones (FFZ) are being used more frequently for remediation of agricultural non‐point source pollution. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of short‐term dispersal (1–2 yr) of agricultural runoff on the denitrification potential of the soil microbial population and denitrification rates, to a depth of 1 m, in forest soils in two small watersheds (W1 and W2) in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Each watershed consisted of a field and a FFZ. Denitrification potential was measured in a series of soil slurry incubations of soils from inside the FFZ that received agricultural runoff and from soils immediately adjacent to the FFZ that received no runoff (control). Soils were amended with both glucose and nitrate (G + NO 3 ) to ensure adequate supply of substrate and energy source. Denitrification rates were measured at ambient C conditions in a similar incubation with only NO 3 ‐N amendment (NO 3 ). We measured NO 3 ‐N disappearance in both incubations and reported loss as a percentage of initial concentrations. For the FFZ soils, >80% of the added NO 3 ‐N was lost in the G + NO 3 incubation from soils from the upper 50 cm in W1 and from the upper 30 cm in W2. In control soils, high levels of NO 3 ‐N loss were observed in only the upper 20 cm of the profile in W1, and in W2 surface soils had significantly lower denitrification potential than FFZ soils at all depths. Denitrification potential was greatly enhanced ( P = 0.05) throughout the entire first 100 cm in the first FFZ and in the surface 40 cm in the second FFZ. Denitrification rates under ambient C conditions were higher (>40%) in the surface 20 cm of the profile of the FFZ in W1, compared with the unexposed control (∼20%), but no enhancement was observed on W2. Exposure of soil to agricultural runoff had a significant impact on the soil microbial community. Denitrification potential in subsoil was limited by the absence of denitrifiers in unexposed soils, but subsoils exposed to agricultural runoff had a significant denitrifier population. The fact that higher denitrification potential did not translate to higher denitrification rates in these incubations indicates that C availability limited the denitrification process at all depths in these Piedmont forest soils. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200060033x VL - 62 IS - 6 SP - 1719-1724 SN - 0361-5995 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides to deposition of nitrate and sulfate in the USA by state in 1990 AU - Furiness, C AU - Smith, L AU - Ran, LM AU - Cowling, E T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AB - Many naturally occurring and human-induced activities result in the emission of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds into the atmosphere. Precipitation is an important process by which compounds are scavenged from the atmosphere and deposited onto the earth's surface. The purpose of this paper is to compare the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in each of the 48 continguous states in the USA with measured wet deposition of nitrate (NO3−) and sulfate (SO42−) in each state for the year 1990. With one exception (Vermont), wet deposition of N as nitrate was less than emissions of N as nitrogen oxides on a statewide basis in 1990. The median wet N deposition/emission value was 0.21. Wet plus dry N deposition of nitrate was estimated to represent 43% of NOx emissions in North Carolina. Wet deposition of S was less than emissions in 1990 in all but five states (Vermont, Maine, Arkansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota). The median value of wet deposition of sulfate/SO2 emissions was 0.34. In North Carolina, dry deposition of sulfate was estimated to represent an additional 21% of emissions, so that total deposition accounted for 60% of S emissions. Net transport of N and S is likely an important part of the discrepancy between emissions and deposition. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)80049-3 VL - 102 SP - 313-320 SN - 0269-7491 KW - emissions KW - deposition KW - NOx KW - SO2 KW - nitrate KW - sulfate ER - TY - CHAP TI - Writing the regulations: Using scientists to link law and policy AU - Cooper, A. W. T2 - The National Forest Management Act in a changing society, 1976-1996 A2 - K. N. Johnson, A2 - Shannon, M. A. PY - 1998/// SP - 67-79 PB - Boulder: Natural Resources Law Center, University of Colorado ER - TY - BOOK TI - Statistical genomics: Linkage, mapping and QTL analysis AU - Liu, B.-H. CN - QH438.4 .S73 L55 1998 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press SN - 0849331668 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimizing air quality management in Europe and North America: Justification for integrated management of both oxidized and reduced forms of nitrogen AU - Cowling, EB AU - Erisman, JW AU - Smeulders, SM AU - Holman, SC AU - Nicholson, BM T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AB - No nutrient element is more important than nitrogen in governing the development of living organisms and in determining the pollution climate of the earth. So far, the processes of enhancing agricultural and forest production and making pollution-control adjustments in the industrial, commercial, agricultural, and transportation systems of society have proceeded in more or less complete isolation from concern about the environmental consequences of human alterations in the nitrogen cycle of the earth. Also, most pollution abatement and mitigation strategies have so far been aimed at resolving one or another particular societal pollution problem in which oxidized and reduced forms of nitrogen play a part. The time has come to consider alternative, more fully integrated strategies and tactics by which to optimize societal efforts to maintain or increase agricultural and forest production while also enhancing the effectiveness and decreasing the cost of abating or mitigating various nitrogen-induced aspects of soil-, air-, and water pollution. In this paper we explore three general ideas: (1) some important similarities and differences in agriculture, forestry, and industry in the Netherlands and North Carolina and what they mean for nitrogen pollution management in our two home societies, (2) justification for adopting a “total fixed nitrogen approach” rather than continuing to deal with oxidized and reduced forms of nitrogen separately, and (3) developing a “concept of optimum nitrogen management for society”. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)80088-2 VL - 102 SP - 599-608 SN - 1873-6424 KW - air quality management KW - total fixed nitrogen KW - optimizing nitrogen management ER - TY - BOOK TI - Juvenile wood in forest trees AU - Zobel, B. J. AU - Sprague, J. R. CN - SD535.7 .Z627 1998 DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// PB - Berlin; New York: Springer SN - 3540640320 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Implications of the new ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards for compliance in rural areas AU - Saylor, RD AU - Chameides, WL AU - Cowling, EB T2 - JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES AB - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently promulgated new National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone (O 3 ). The new standard is based on an 8‐hour average O 3 concentration instead of a 1‐hour average, as was the previous standard. Analysis of O 3 concentrations measured at rural sites in the eastern United States in the Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) network, the Southern Oxidant Study's Spatial Ozone Network (SON), and EPA's Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) during 1993–1995 indicates that 30–50% of these sites would have been noncompliant under the new standard, as compared with only 2–12% under the old standard. These results suggest that the new standard will thus require a major shift in emphasis in the nation's pollution control strategy from an urban‐centered focus to a more regional emphasis. This in turn will require the development of a more comprehensive, truly rural air quality monitoring network in coming years. DA - 1998/12/20/ PY - 1998/12/20/ DO - 10.1029/1998JD100027 VL - 103 IS - D23 SP - 31137-31141 SN - 2169-897X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimation of temperature and precipitation from morphological characters of dicotyledonous leaves AU - Wiemann, MC AU - Manchester, , SR AU - Dilcher, DL AU - Hinojosa, LF AU - Wheeler, EA T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY AB - The utility of regression and correspondence models for deducing climate from leaf physiognomy was evaluated by the comparative application of different predictive models to the same three leaf assemblages. Mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and growing season precipitation (GSP) were estimated from the morphological characteristics of samples of living leaves from two extant forests and an assemblage of fossil leaves. The extant forests are located near Gainesville, Florida, and in the Florida Keys; the fossils were collected from the Eocene Clarno Nut Beds, Oregon. Simple linear regression (SLR), multiple linear regression (MLR), and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to estimate temperature and precipitation. The SLR models used only the percentage of species having entire leaf margins as a predictor for MAT and leaf size as a predictor for MAP. The MLR models used from two to six leaf characters as predictors, and the CCA used 31 characters. In comparisons between actual and predicted values for the extant forests, errors in prediction of MAT were 0.6°-5.7°C, and errors in prediction of precipitation were 6-89 cm (=6-66%). At the Gainesville site, seven models underestimated MAT and only one overestimated it, whereas at the Keys site, all eight models overestimated MAT. Precipitation was overestimated by all four models at Gainesville, and by three of them at the Keys. The MAT estimates from the Clarno leaf assemblage ranged from 14.3° to 18.8°C, and the precipitation estimates from 227 to 363 cm for MAP and from 195 to 295 cm for GSP. DA - 1998/12// PY - 1998/12// DO - 10.2307/2446514 VL - 85 IS - 12 SP - 1796-1802 SN - 0002-9122 KW - canonical correspondence analysis KW - leaf morphology KW - leaf physiognomy KW - multiple linear regression KW - paleo-climate KW - simple linear regression ER - TY - JOUR TI - A strategy for the third breeding cycle of loblolly pine in the Southeastern US AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Bridgwater, F. E. T2 - Silvae Genetica DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 47 IS - 4 SP - 223-234 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Topographical constraints and home range quality AU - Powell, RA AU - Mitchell, MS T2 - ECOGRAPHY AB - The topography of an area affects the animals that live in at. Using digitized topographic maps of our mountainous study area in North Carolina. USA, and using radio telemetry data for locations of black bears Ursus americanus , we tested the hypotheses that topography influences home ranges of black bears and that topography affects access to resources by black bears. Use of space by bears correlated positively with steepness of slope but negatively with relative elevation. The perimeters of bears” home ranges aligned with ridges and valleys more than expected by chance and home ranges were oriented on major topographic features, such as watersheds and basins. Bears’ homo ranges had lower resource values than was optimal for their home range locations and access to resources was limited by topography'. Ignoring topography may lead researchers to misunderstand the ecology and behavior of animals that live in mountainous areas. DA - 1998/8// PY - 1998/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1998.tb00398.x VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 337-341 SN - 1600-0587 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Three decades of observed soil acidification in the calhoun experimental forest: Has acid rain made a difference? AU - Markewitz, D AU - Richter, DD AU - Allen, HL AU - Urrego, JB T2 - SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL AB - Abstract Three decades of repeated soil sampling from eight permanent plots at the Calhoun Experimental Forest in South Carolina allowed us to estimate the rate of soil acidification, the chemical changes in the soil exchange complex, and the natural and anthropogenic sources of acidity contributing to these processes. During the first 34 yr of loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) forest growth, soil pH, (pH in 0.01 M CaCl 2 ) decreased by 1 unit in the upper 0‐ to 15‐cm of soils and by 0.4 and 0.3 units in the 15‐ to 35‐ and 35‐ to 60‐cm layers, respectively. Throughout the 0‐ to 60‐cm horizon, base cation depletion averaged 1.57 kmol c ha ‐1 yr ‐1 and effective and total acidity increased by 1.26 and 3.28 kmol c ha ‐1 yr ‐1 , respectively. A forest H + budget estimated for these decades indicated that 38% of soil acidification was due to acid deposition, while 62% of soil acidification was attributed to the internal functioning of the ecosystem. Soil samples archived during the three‐decade experiment also document decreases in soil‐adsorbed SO 2‐ 4 , presumably in response to decreasing atmospheric inputs in recent years. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200050040x VL - 62 IS - 5 SP - 1428-1439 SN - 1435-0661 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of foliar insecticides on survival of northern bobwhite quail chicks AU - Palmer, WE AU - Puckett, KM AU - Anderson, , JR AU - Bromley, PT T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB - Reduced survival of chicks may result from exposure to insecticides and may explain declines in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) populations on agricultural landscapes. To determine the risk insecticides pose to quail, we quantified exposure rates and hazard, Exposure rate depends on quail habitat use in relation to insecticide applications, whereas hazard depends on susceptibility to a toxin and the dose an individual receives, Because providing early-successional vegetation around row-crop fields is a typical habitat management recommendation, we determined rates of exposure of quail and their broods to insecticides applied to soybean fields with and without vegetated field borders, Radiocollared quail (n = 69) used soybean fields extensively (64% of telemetry locations) at the time of year insecticides were applied. Quail used soybean fields twice as often when vegetated borders surrounded crop fields (P = 0.04). Ten of 18 broods monitored by telemetry were located in soybean fields 88% of the time. In 1993. 4 of 6 broods 0.49). However, ChE activity was depressed (P < 0.001) and body mass was lower (P = 0.02) in chicks exposed to methyl parathion, which historically (pre-1980) received significant use in production of row crops in North Carolina. Our results, along with data on use and toxicity of other insecticides applied to row crops, collectively suggest direct affects to survival of quail chicks from use of foliar-applied insecticides does not explain reduced quail densities on agricultural landscapes. DA - 1998/10// PY - 1998/10// DO - 10.2307/3802023 VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 1565-1573 SN - 1937-2817 KW - chick KW - cholinesterase KW - Colinus virginianus KW - habitat use KW - insecticides KW - methomyl KW - methyl parathion KW - northern bobwhite KW - quail KW - survival KW - thiodicarb ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temporal distribution of C-14 in soil water from field lysimeters treated with C-14-metolachlor AU - Keller, KE AU - Weber, JB AU - Cassel, DK AU - Wollum, AG AU - Miller, CT T2 - SOIL SCIENCE AB - In a previous study utilizing fallow field lysimeters of an undisturbed, loamy sand soil treated with 14C-metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide], 2 to 5% of the applied 14C was mobile to soil depths of 56 to 96 cm. The objective of this 120-day study was to determine the temporal distribution of 14C-metolachlor and/or metabolite(s) in soil water from similar field lysimeters and their possible contribution to groundwater contamination. Undisturbed soil column field lysimeters (20.3-cm i.d. × 101-cm long; 16 gauge steel) were driven into a conventionally tilled Dothan loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Kandiudult) and treated with 14C-metolachlor and tritiated water (3H2O) and subjected to natural rainfall or irrigation. Percent recovery of metolachlor and/or metabolite(s) in the soil, as based on 14C measurement, was 62% at 30 days, 63% at 60 days, 51% at 90 days, and 49% at 120 days. Recovery of 3H2O was 36, 24, 6 and 0.25% of the applied for the same time periods. By 30 and 60 days after application (DAA), 3H2O had distributed symmetrically in the soil profile, whereas, a large percentage of the 14C was retained in the upper 24 cm. No 14C and <1% of the applied 3H2O was recovered in leachate the first 30 days. Cumulative recovery of 14C in leachate was <1% of that applied at 60 days, 3% at 90 days, and 7% at 120 days. Cumulative recovery of 3H2O in leachate for the same time periods was 22, 39, and 39% of that applied. The symmetrical breakthrough curve for 3H2O indicated no preferential flow or immobile water, whereas the breakthrough curve for 14C was asymmetrical as a result of the sorption-desorption processes. Peak concentrations of 14C and 3H2O in the leachate occurred at 94 and 63 DAA, respectively. The sorptive tendencies of both radiolabeled species distinguished the magnitude of movement, with 3H2O much more mobile than 14C-metolachlor and/or metabolite(s). Assuming that all 14C in leachate was parent, average metolachlor concentrations in leachate were less than the National Health Advisory level, which may indicate that metolachlor should be considered a low risk chemical because of its potential to contaminate groundwater in soils with low organic matter and high clay content in the subsoil. DA - 1998/11// PY - 1998/11// DO - 10.1097/00010694-199811000-00004 VL - 163 IS - 11 SP - 872-882 SN - 1538-9243 KW - herbicide metabolites KW - herbicide volatilization KW - leaching KW - mobility index KW - tritiated water ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spruce budworm (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) field fecundity: new insights into its estimation and use AU - Robison, DJ AU - Abrahamson, LP AU - Raffa, KF AU - White, EH T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - Relationships between female spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), pupal width and live weight, with realized field fecundity were determined in cages on branches of black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., in northern Maine. These are the first such determinations made on individual spruce budworms under field conditions. Fecundity varied from maximum levels similar to previously published findings in laboratory studies, to zero, independent of pupal size. Results suggest that previous laboratory studies of the pupal size–fecundity relationship have overestimated actual egg laying under field conditions, and therefore reduced the accuracy of some population studies. DA - 1998/7/27/ PY - 1998/7/27/ DO - 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00225-9 VL - 106 IS - 2-3 SP - 73-81 SN - 0378-1127 KW - Choristoneura fumiferana KW - pupal size KW - black spruce KW - Picea mariana KW - population dynamics ER - TY - CONF TI - Performance evaluation of innovative and alternative on-site wastewater treatment systems in Craven County, NC AU - Spooner, J. AU - House, C. H. AU - Hoover, M. T. AU - Rubin, A. R. AU - Silverthorne, R. AU - Steinbeck, S. J. AU - Harris, V. AU - Uebler, R. L. AU - Martin, B. C2 - 1998/// C3 - On-site wastewater treatment: Proceedings of the eighth national symposium on individual and small community sewage systems, March 8-10, 1998, Orlando, Florida CN - TD929 .N33 1998 DA - 1998/// SP - 458-469 PB - St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural Engineers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling tree growth in fertilized midrotation loblolly pine plantations AU - Hynynen, J AU - Burkhart, HE AU - Allen, HL T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - Diameter and height growth models for fertilized loblolly pine stands were developed using data from midrotation loblolly pine plantations across the southeastern United States. Tree growth in fertilized stands was predicted with a reference growth model multiplied by an equation predicting the relative growth response following fertilization. The temporal distribution of the growth response was modeled by the Weibull function. These equations for fertilizer growth response were developed to be compatible with individual-tree simulation models. Information about dose, nutrient elements, and time elapsed since fertilization are needed to predict the relative growth response following fertilization. DA - 1998/8/17/ PY - 1998/8/17/ DO - 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00334-4 VL - 107 IS - 1-3 SP - 213-229 SN - 0378-1127 KW - Pinus taeda L. KW - nitrogen KW - phosphorus KW - yield KW - simulation KW - growth response KW - Weibull function ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developmental quantitative genetics of growth in Populus AU - Wu, R AU - Bradshaw, HD AU - Stettler, RF T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 1998/11// PY - 1998/11// DO - 10.1007/s001220050998 VL - 97 IS - 7 SP - 1110-1119 SN - 0040-5752 KW - genetic correlation KW - growth KW - Populus KW - quantitative trait locus KW - seedling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysis of xylem formation in pine by cDNA sequencing AU - Allona, I AU - Quinn, M AU - Shoop, E AU - Swope, K AU - St Cyr, S AU - Carlis, J AU - Riedl, J AU - Retzel, E AU - Campbell, MM AU - Sederoff, R AU - Whetten, RW T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Secondary xylem (wood) formation is likely to involve some genes expressed rarely or not at all in herbaceous plants. Moreover, environmental and developmental stimuli influence secondary xylem differentiation, producing morphological and chemical changes in wood. To increase our understanding of xylem formation, and to provide material for comparative analysis of gymnosperm and angiosperm sequences, ESTs were obtained from immature xylem of loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.). A total of 1,097 single-pass sequences were obtained from 5′ ends of cDNAs made from gravistimulated tissue from bent trees. Cluster analysis detected 107 groups of similar sequences, ranging in size from 2 to 20 sequences. A total of 361 sequences fell into these groups, whereas 736 sequences were unique. About 55% of the pine EST sequences show similarity to previously described sequences in public databases. About 10% of the recognized genes encode factors involved in cell wall formation. Sequences similar to cell wall proteins, most known lignin biosynthetic enzymes, and several enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were found. A number of putative regulatory proteins also are represented. Expression patterns of several of these genes were studied in various tissues and organs of pine. Sequencing novel genes expressed during xylem formation will provide a powerful means of identifying mechanisms controlling this important differentiation pathway. DA - 1998/8/4/ PY - 1998/8/4/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.95.16.9693 VL - 95 IS - 16 SP - 9693-9698 SN - 0027-8424 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An interdecadal comparison of population parameters of Brown Pelicans in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands AU - Collazo, JA AU - Agardy, T AU - Klaas, EE AU - Saliva, JE AU - Pierce, J T2 - COLONIAL WATERBIRDS DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.2307/1521731 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 61-65 SN - 0738-6028 KW - Brown Pelican KW - Caribbean KW - contaminants KW - habitat KW - Pelecanus occidentalis occidentalis KW - population numbers KW - Puerto Rico KW - reproduction KW - US Virgin Islands ER - TY - JOUR TI - The detection of plasticity genes in heterogeneous environments AU - Wu, RL T2 - EVOLUTION AB - The molecular genetic mechanisms for phenotypic plasticity across heterogeneous macro- and microenvironments were examined using the Populus genomic map constructed by DNA-based markers. Three hypotheses have been suggested to explain genetic variation in phenotypic response to varying environments (i.e., reaction norm): Lerner's homeostasis, allelic sensitivity, and gene regulation. The homeostasis hypothesis, which predicts that heterozygotes are less sensitive to the environment than homozygotes, was supported for phenotypic plasticity to unpredictable environments (microenvironmental plasticity) at the whole-genome level, but for phenotypic plasticity to predictable environments (macroenvironmental plasticity) the hypothesis was supported only at functioning quantitative trait loci (QTLs). For all growth traits studied, gene regulation was suggested to play a prevailing role in determining the norms of reaction to environments. Indirect evidence for gene regulation is that there tend to be more QTLs with larger effects on the phenotype in optimal growing conditions than suboptimal growing conditions because the expression of these QTLs identified is mediated by regulatory genes. Direct evidence for gene regulation is the identification of some loci that differ from QTLs for trait values within environments and exert an environmentally dependent control over structural gene expression. In this study, fewer environmentally sensitive QTLs were detected that display unparalleled allelic effects across environments. For stem height, there were more regulatory loci and more structural loci (whose expression is determined by gene regulation) affecting phenotypic plasticity than for basal area. It was found that microenvironmental plasticity was likely controlled by different genetic systems than those for macroenvironmental plasticity. DA - 1998/8// PY - 1998/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01826.x VL - 52 IS - 4 SP - 967-977 SN - 1558-5646 KW - allelic sensitivity KW - phenotypic plasticity KW - Populus KW - QTL mapping KW - regulatory loci ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent advances in understanding lignin biosynthesis AU - Whetten, RW AU - MacKay, JJ AU - Sederoff, RR T2 - ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AB - After a long period of little change, the basic concepts of lignin biosynthesis have been challenged by new results from genetic modification of lignin content and composition. New techniques for making directed genetic changes in plants, as well as improvements in the analytical techniques used to determine lignin content and composition in plant cell walls, have been used in experimental tests of the accepted lignin biosynthetic pathway. The lignins obtained from genetically modified plants have shown unexpected properties, and these findings have extended the known range of variation in lignin content and composition. These results argue that the accepted lignin biosynthetic pathway is either incomplete or incorrect, or both; and also suggest that plants may have a high level of metabolic plasticity in the formation of lignins. If this is so, the properties of novel lignins could be of significant scientific and practical interest. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.585 VL - 49 IS - 1998 SP - 585-609 SN - 1040-2519 KW - monolignol biosynthesis KW - lignin composition KW - pulp manufacturing KW - forage quality KW - metabolic plasticity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Light attenuation in a 14-year-old loblolly pine stand as influenced by fertilization and irrigation AU - Sampson, DA AU - Allen, HL T2 - TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION DA - 1998/11// PY - 1998/11// DO - 10.1007/s004680050190 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 80-87 SN - 0931-1890 KW - LAI KW - PAR KW - light extinction KW - pine ER - TY - JOUR TI - KERNELHR: a program for estimating animal home ranges AU - Seaman, D. E. AU - Griffith, B. AU - Powell, R. A. T2 - Wildlife Society Bulletin DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 95-100 ER - TY - JOUR TI - AFLP genetic maps of Eucalyptus globulus and E-tereticornis AU - Marques, CM AU - Araujo, JA AU - Ferreira, JG AU - Whetten, R AU - DM O'Malley, AU - Liu, BH AU - Sederoff, R T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 1998/5// PY - 1998/5// DO - 10.1007/s001220050795 VL - 96 IS - 6-7 SP - 727-737 SN - 1432-2242 KW - genetic map KW - linkage KW - Eucalyptus KW - AFLP marker ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tissue culture method affects ex vitro growth and development of loblolly pine AU - Frampton, L. J. AU - Amerson, H. V. AU - Leach, G. N. T2 - New Forests DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 125-138 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of image misregistration on the accuracy of remotely sensed change detection AU - Dai, XL AU - Khorram, S T2 - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING AB - Image misregistration has become one of the significant bottlenecks for improving the accuracy of multisource data analysis, such as data fusion and change detection. In this paper, the effects of misregistration on the accuracy of remotely sensed change detection were systematically investigated and quantitatively evaluated. This simulation research focused on two interconnected components. In the first component, the statistical properties of the multispectral difference images were evaluated using semivariograms when multitemporal images were progressively misregistered against themselves and each other to investigate the band, temporal, and spatial frequency sensitivities of change detection to image misregistration. In the second component, the ellipsoidal change detection technique, based on the Mahalanobis distance of multispectral difference images, was proposed and used to progressively detect the land cover transitions at each misregistration stage for each pair of multitemporal images. The impact of misregistration on change detection was then evaluated in terms of the accuracy of change detection using the output from the ellipsoidal change detector. The experimental results using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery are presented. It is interesting to notice that, among the seven TM bands, band 4 (near-infrared channel) is the most sensitive to misregistration when change detection is concerned. The results from false change analysis indicate a substantial degradation in the accuracy of remotely sensed change detection due to misregistration. It is shown that a registration accuracy of less than one-fifth of a pixel is required to achieve a change detection error of less than 10%. DA - 1998/9// PY - 1998/9// DO - 10.1109/36.718860 VL - 36 IS - 5 SP - 1566-1577 SN - 0196-2892 KW - accuracy assessment KW - change detection KW - false change analysis KW - image registration KW - remotely sensed ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal numbers and distribution of shorebirds on North Carolina's Outer Banks AU - Dinsmore, S. J. AU - Collazo, J. A. AU - Walters, J. R. T2 - Wilson Bulletin DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 110 IS - 2 SP - 171-181 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relationship of soil properties to parent material and landscape position in eastern Madre de Dios, Peru AU - Osher, LJ AU - Buol, SW T2 - GEODERMA AB - Properties of soils in the eastern part of Madre de Dios, Peru, were characterized and related to landscape position and parent material texture. Level uplands, dissected side slopes and recent flood plains dominate the topography in this region. Soil textures vary from clayey to sandy, depending on the texture of sedimentary materials from which each pedon formed. Parent material textural variation is a result of differences in the energy of the meandering rivers that deposited the ancient alluvium. Fourteen soil profiles were described and sampled in the field and analyzed in the laboratory. Data for eight soil profiles representative of the region are presented here. The profiles include soils formed in both sandy and fine-textured parent materials and soils with moisture status ranging from well drained to poorly drained. Soil moisture conditions vary with position on the landscape, such that as distance from streams increases, average depth to the fluctuating water table decreases. Redoximorphic features are present in all mineral soils. The average depth to redoximorphic features is least in locations furthest from streams. Soils in landscape positions that are poorly or somewhat poorly drained contain significant amounts of plinthite. In all soils, kaolinite is the dominant mineral in the <0.2 μm fraction, while quartz is the dominant mineral in very fine and fine sand fractions. All soils have low cation exchange capacity (CEC), low base saturation, and acid pH. Coarse-textured spodic soils with well developed zones of iron and organic matter translocation are formed in recent sand deposits of flood plains of 2nd-order streams. Organic soils are found in the wetlands associated with flood plains of some 3rd-order streams. Most properties of these soils appear to be controlled by the textures of their sedimentary parent materials and by their position on the landscape. The soils classify as Paleustults, Plinthaquults, Kandiustults, Placaquods and Troposaprists according to Soil Taxonomy. New subgroups of Paleustult are proposed. DA - 1998/4// PY - 1998/4// DO - 10.1016/S0016-7061(97)00133-X VL - 83 IS - 1-2 SP - 143-166 SN - 0016-7061 KW - plinthite KW - kandic horizon KW - Kandiustult KW - Plinthaquult KW - Paleustult KW - Placaquod ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ozone formation and transport in southeastern United States: Overview of the SOS Nashville Middle Tennessee Ozone Study AU - Meagher, JF AU - Cowling, EB AU - Fehsenfeld, FC AU - Parkhurst, WJ T2 - JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES AB - The Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) is a public‐private partnership collectively engaged, since 1989, in a coordinated program of policy‐relevant research to improve scientific and public understanding of tropospheric ozone pollution. In the summers of 1994 and 1995, SOS implemented the Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study. This effort, the second SOS urban intensive study, conducted a series of integrated, process‐oriented airborne and surface measurement experiments to better understand the chemistry and meteorology associated with the production, transport, and impact of tropospheric ozone. Specific technical objectives addressed (1) the role of biogenic VOC and NO x emissions on local and regional ozone production, (2) the effect of urban‐rural exchange/interchange on local and regional ozone production, (3) sub‐grid‐scale photochemical and meteorological processes, and (4) the provision of a high‐quality chemical and meteorological data set to test and improve observation‐ and emission‐based air quality forecast models. Some of the more significant findings of the 1994–1995 studies include the following: (1) Ozone production in Nashville was found to be close to the transition between NO x ‐sensitive and VOC‐sensitive chemistry. (2) Ozone production efficiency (OPE) in power plant plumes, molecules of ozone formed per molecule of NO x emitted, was found to be inversely proportion to NO x emission rate, with the plants having the greatest NO x emissions exhibiting the lowest OPE. (3) During stagnant conditions, nighttime winds dominated pollutant transport and represent the major mechanism for transporting urban pollutants to rural areas. Ultimately, results provided by this research will allow improved assessment of existing ozone management strategies and provide better scientific tools for the development of future management strategies. DA - 1998/9/20/ PY - 1998/9/20/ DO - 10.1029/98JD01693 VL - 103 IS - D17 SP - 22213-22223 SN - 2169-897X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling the hydrologic impacts of forest harvesting on Florida flatwoods AU - Sun, G AU - Riekerk, H AU - Comerford, NB T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION AB - ABSTRACT: The great temporal and spatial variability of pine flat‐woods hydrology suggests traditional short‐term field methods may not be effective in evaluating the hydrologic effects of forest management. The FLATWOODS model was developed, calibrated and validated specifically for the cypress wetland‐pine upland landscape. The model was applied to two typical flatwoods sites in north central Florida. Three harvesting treatments (Wetland Harvesting, Wetland + Upland Harvesting, and Control) under three typical climatic conditions (dry, wet, and normal precipitation years) were simulated to study the potential first‐year effects of common forest harvesting activities on flatwoods. Long‐term (15 years) simulation was conducted to evaluate the hydrologic impacts at different stages of stand rotation. This simulation study concludes that forest harvesting has substantial effects on hydrology during dry periods and clear cutting of both wetlands and uplands has greater influence on the water regimes than partial harvesting. Compared to hilly regions, forest harvesting in the Florida coastal plains has less impact on water yield. DA - 1998/8// PY - 1998/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb01520.x VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 843-854 SN - 1093-474X KW - forest hydrology KW - Florida KW - hydrologic impacts KW - pine flatwoods KW - modeling KW - wetlands ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leaf area and above- and belowground growth responses of loblolly pine to nutrient and water additions AU - Albaugh, T. J. AU - Allen, H. L. AU - Dougherty, P. M. AU - Kress, L. W. AU - King, J. S. T2 - Forest Science DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 317-328 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Japanese tree improvement and forest genetics AU - McKeand, S. AU - Kurinobu, S. T2 - Journal of Forestry DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 96 IS - 4 SP - 12-17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Introduction to special section: Southern Oxidants Study Nashville Middle Tennessee Ozone Study AU - Cowling, EB AU - Chameides, WL AU - Kiang, CS AU - Fehsenfeld, FC AU - Meagher, JF T2 - JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES AB - Journal of Geophysical Research: AtmospheresVolume 103, Issue D17 p. 22209-22212 Free Access Introduction to special section: Southern Oxidants Study Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study E. B. Cowling, E. B. CowlingSearch for more papers by this authorW. L. Chameides, W. L. ChameidesSearch for more papers by this authorC. S. Kiang, C. S. KiangSearch for more papers by this authorF. C. Fehsenfeld, F. C. FehsenfeldSearch for more papers by this authorJ. F. Meagher, J. F. MeagherSearch for more papers by this author E. B. Cowling, E. B. CowlingSearch for more papers by this authorW. L. Chameides, W. L. ChameidesSearch for more papers by this authorC. S. Kiang, C. S. KiangSearch for more papers by this authorF. C. Fehsenfeld, F. C. FehsenfeldSearch for more papers by this authorJ. F. Meagher, J. F. MeagherSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 September 1998 https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD01770Citations: 26AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References Chameides, W. L., E. B. Cowling, The State of the Southern Oxidants Study: Policy relevant scientific findings in ozone pollution research 1988–1994, 133, South. Oxidants Study, N. C. State Univ., Raleigh, 1995. Chameides, W. L., R. W. Lindsay, J. Richardson, C. S. Kiang, The role of biogenic hydrocarbons in urban photochemical smog: Atlanta as a case study, Science, 241, 1473– 1475, 1988. Chameides, W. L., R. D. Saylor, E. B. Cowling, Ozone pollution in the rural United States and the new NAAQS, Policy forum, Science, 276, 916, 1997. Fehsenfeld, F. C., J. F. Meagher, E. B. Cowling, Southern Oxidants Study 1993 data analysis workshop report, 92N. C. State Univ., Raleigh, 1993. Hūbler, G., et al.,An overview of the airborne activities during the SOS Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study,J. Geophys. Res., 103(D17), 1998. Imhoff, R. F., R. Valente, J. F. Meagher, M. Luria, The production of O3 in an urban plume: Airborne sampling of the Atlanta urban plume, Atmos. Environ., 29, 2349– 2358, 1995. McNider, R. T., W. B. Norris, A. J. Song, R. L. Clymer, S. Gupta, R. M. Banta, A. B. White, R. J. Zamora, andM. Trainer, Meteorological conditions during the 1995 SOS Nashville/Middle Tennessee Field Intensive,J. Geophys. Res., 103(D17), 1998. Meagher, J. F., E. B. Cowling, F. C. Fehsenfeld, andW. J. Parkhurst, Ozone formation and transport in the soulheastern United States: An overview of the SOS Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study,J. Geophys. Res., 103(D17), 1998. , National Research Council (NRC), Rethinking the ozone problem in regional and urban air pollution, 489, Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, D.C., 1991. , Ozone Transport Assessment Group, Executive Report, 59Environmental Council of the States, Washington, D. C., 1997. Rodgers, M. O., W. L. Chameides, Atmospheric photochemical oxidants: A southern perspective, 33, Sch. of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Ga. Inst of Technol., Atlanta, Georgia, 1988. Russell, M., Ozone pollution: The hard choices, Science, 241, 1275, 1988. Samson, P., B. Shi, andJ. Milford, A meteorological investigation of high ozone values in American cities, a report to theOff. of Technol. Assess., U. S. Congress,Washington, D.C.,Aug.1988. Solmon, P., E. Cowling, G. Hidy, C. Furiness, Comparison of scientific findings from major ozone field studies in North America and Europe, Atmos. Environ., 1999. Trainer, M., E. J. Williams, D. D. Parrish, M. P. Buhr, E. J. Allwine, H. H. Westenberg, F. C. Fehsenfeld, S. C. Liu, Models and observations of the impact of natural hydrocarbons on rural ozone, Nature, 3296141, 705– 707, 1987. Trainer, M. B., B. A. Ridley, M. P. Buhr, G. Kok, J. Walega, G. Hubler, D. D. Parrish, F. C. Fehsenfeld, Regional ozone and urban plumes in the southeastern United States: Birmingham, a case study, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,823– 18,834, 1995. , U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Advisory Committee Act Subcommittee on Ozone, Particulate Matter, and Regional Haze Implementation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC., 1997a. , U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone, Federal Register, 62, 38,855– 38,896, 1997b. , U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter, Federal Register, 62, 38,901– 39,003, 1997c. Citing Literature Volume103, IssueD1720 September 1998Pages 22209-22212 This article also appears in:Southern Oxidants Study Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study (SOS)103 ReferencesRelatedInformation DA - 1998/9/20/ PY - 1998/9/20/ DO - 10.1029/98JD01770 VL - 103 IS - D17 SP - 22209-22212 SN - 2169-8996 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dicotyledonous wood anatomical characters as predictors of climate AU - Wiemann, MC AU - Wheeler, EA AU - Manchester, , SR AU - Portier, KM T2 - PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY AB - The relationships among wood anatomical characters and climate are examined for 50 wood anatomical features in floras from 37 regions in North America, South America, Africa and Malaysia. Correlations, simple regressions and multiple regressions, were used to develop models for the prediction of climate from wood anatomy. The climate variables considered were: mean annual temperature, mean annual range in temperature, cold month mean temperature, mean annual precipitation, precipitation of the driest month and length of the dry season. Good correlations were found with temperature; poorer correlations with precipitation. The climate variables, especially the temperature-related ones, were best predicted by two or more wood anatomical characters considered together. Characters that we selected to calculate climate variables are: vessels with multiple perforations; spiral thickenings present in the vessels; vessel mean tangential diameter less than 100 μm; fibers septate; rays commonly more than 10 cells wide; rays heterocellular with four or more rows of upright cells; rays storied; axial parenchyma absent or rare; marginal parenchyma present; and wood ring-porous. Models were validated on seven temperate and six tropical sites. Based on these results, a method for determining paleoclimate from fossil wood assemblages is suggested. DA - 1998/5// PY - 1998/5// DO - 10.1016/S0031-0182(97)00100-4 VL - 139 IS - 1-2 SP - 83-100 SN - 1872-616X KW - climate KW - paleobotany KW - paleoclimatology KW - wood KW - anatomy ER - TY - JOUR TI - The origins of the Tuskegee National Forest: Nineteenth- and twentieth-century resettlement and land development programs in the black belt region of Alabama AU - Warren, S. T. AU - Zabawa, R. E. T2 - Agricultural History DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 72 IS - 2 SP - 487-506 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of scion maturation on growth and reproduction of grafted slash pine AU - Parker, , SR AU - White, TL AU - Hodge, GR AU - Powell, GL T2 - NEW FORESTS DA - 1998/5// PY - 1998/5// DO - 10.1023/A:1006541803129 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 243-259 SN - 1573-5095 KW - clone banks KW - juvenility KW - pollen KW - seed orchards KW - strobili ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soil bulk density, soil strength, and regeneration of a bottomland hardwood site one year after harvest AU - Hassan, A. E. AU - Roise, Joseph T2 - Transactions of the ASAE AB - The first year soil physical properties and regeneration measurements following harvest indicate ampleregeneration on all treatments including the landing areas. Comparisons included three machine systems (three skidders)and a helicopter-yarded control that were field tested for harvesting a bottomland hardwood site under adverseconditions. The results also demonstrate a significantly greater number of tree stem count following the winter than thesummer harvest. Results of the statistical analysis of soil bulk density indicate that the soil had partially recovered frommachine traffic one year after harvest. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.13031/2013.17273 VL - 41 IS - 5 SP - 1501–1508 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Provenance and family variation of Pinus oocarpa grown in the Brazilian cerrado AU - Moura, VPG AU - Dvorak, WS AU - Hodge, GR T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - A Pinus oocarpa trial with six provenances and 46 open-pollinated families was planted on a deep Oxisol in 1983, at the EMBRAPA research station near Planaltina in the cerrado region of Brazil. This trial was part of the CAMCORE, North Carolina State University, international testing program. The provenances included in the test were: Camotan; San Luiz Jilotpeque; El Castaño; La Lagunilla (Guatemala) and San Marcos and Tablazon (Honduras). The trial was assessed at 13 years of age for a number of productivity and quality traits. El Castaño had better volume, and lower incidence of forks and multistems than the other provenances. Individual tree heritability for volume, stem form and branch diameter at 13 years of age was 0.29, 0.10, and 0.13, respectively. Selecting the best 25 trees in the best families would result in an estimated genetic gain of more than 30% in the next generation. Comparison of results from this test with other CAMCORE P. oocarpa trials in Colombia and Venezuela suggest that both provenance×site and family×site interactions can be of biological importance. DA - 1998/9/16/ PY - 1998/9/16/ DO - 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00265-5 VL - 109 IS - 1-3 SP - 315-322 SN - 1872-7042 KW - pine KW - breeding KW - selection KW - genetic gain KW - heritability KW - interspecific variation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metal concentrations in oldsquaw (Clangula hyemalis) during an outbreak of avian cholera, Chesapeake Bay, 1994 AU - Mashima, TY AU - Fleming, WJ AU - Stoskopf, MK T2 - ECOTOXICOLOGY DA - 1998/4// PY - 1998/4// DO - 10.1023/A:1008820004249 VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 107-111 SN - 0963-9292 KW - metals KW - avian cholera KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - waterfowl KW - oldsquaw KW - Clangula hyemalis ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro rooting and early greenhouse growth of micropropagated Paulownia elongata shoots AU - Bergmann, BA AU - Whetten, R T2 - NEW FORESTS DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1023/A:1006591704075 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 127-138 SN - 0169-4286 KW - auxin KW - princess tree KW - tissue culture ER - TY - JOUR TI - From company to community: Agricultural community development in Macon County, Alabama, 1881 to the new deal AU - Zabawa, R. E. AU - Warren, S. T. T2 - Agricultural History DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 72 IS - 2 SP - 459-486 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of controlled drainage on forest water quality AU - Amatya, DM AU - Gilliam, JW AU - Skaggs, RW AU - Lebo, ME AU - Campbell, RG T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AB - Abstract The effects of controlled drainage (CD) on hydrology and water quality are presented for three eastern North Carolina watersheds in loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.). Timing of CD treatments were: the spring fish recruitment period in the downstream estuary in one watershed, and the summer‐fall period to facilitate tree growth in another watershed. A third watershed was maintained under conventional drainage throughout the study. It was demonstrated that seasonal controlled drainage can reduce both the total drainage outflows and corresponding sediment and nutrient exports. For example, CD reduced drainage outflows by as much as 88% during the summer‐fall and 39% during the spring with annual average reduction of 20 to 25%. Annual average total phosphorus (TP) and ammonium‐nitrogen (NH 4 ‐N) exports from watersheds under treatment were reduced by 7 to 72% as compared to the watershed under conventional drainage. For other nutrients and total suspended solids (TSS), concentrations were significantly different (α = 0.05) among the three watersheds during the winter when they were all under conventional drainage. This indicated characteristic differences unrelated to applied treatments. Taking these differences into account, the reductions in annual average export of TSS (up to 47%) and nitrate plus nitrite‐nitrogen (NO 3 +NO 2 ‐N) (up to 16%), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) (up to 45%) and total organic carbon (TOC) (up to 33%) from watersheds under treatment were directly attributed to reduction in outflows. Even though CD appeared to have increased concentrations of some of the nutrients analyzed, except for NH 4 ‐N, the applied treatments lowered the export of TSS and most nutrients measured. It is concluded that CD can be used to reduce TSS and nutrient exports from pine plantations, primarily through reduced drainage outflows. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700040029x VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 923-935 SN - 0047-2425 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Do black ducks and wood ducks habituate to aircraft disturbance? AU - Conomy, JT AU - Dubovsky, JA AU - Collazo, JA AU - Fleming, WJ T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB - Requests to increase military aircraft activity in some training facilities in the United States have raised the need to determine if waterfowl and other wildlife are adversely affected by aircraft disturbance. We hypothesized that habituation was a possible proximate factor influencing the low proportion of free-ranging ducks reacting to military aircraft activities in a training range in coastal North Carolina during winters 1991 and 1992. To test this hypothesis, we subjected captive, wild-strain American black ducks (Anas rubripes) and wood ducks (Aix sponsa) to actual and simulated activities of jet aircraft. In the first experiment, we placed black ducks in an enclosure near the center of aircraft activities on Piney Island, a military aircraft target range in coastal North Carolina. The proportion of times black ducks reacted (e.g., alert posture, fleeing response) to visual and auditory aircraft activity decreased from 38 to 6% during the first 17 days of confinement. Response rates remained stable at 5.8% thereafter. In the second experiment, black ducks and wood ducks were exposed to 6 different recordings of jet noise. The proportion of times black ducks reacted to noise decreased (P 0.05) in time-activity budgets of black ducks between pre-exposure to noise and 24 hr after first exposure. Unlike black ducks, wood duck responses to jet noise did not decrease uniformly among experimental groups following initial exposure to noise (P = 0.01). We conclude that initial exposure to aircraft noise elicits behavioral responses from black ducks and wood ducks. With continued exposure of aircraft noise, black ducks may become habituated. However, wood ducks did not exhibit the same pattern of response, suggesting that the ability of waterfowl to habituate to aircraft noise maybe species specific. DA - 1998/7// PY - 1998/7// DO - 10.2307/3802568 VL - 62 IS - 3 SP - 1135-1142 SN - 0022-541X KW - aircraft disturbance KW - Aix sponsa KW - American black duck KW - Anas rubripes KW - behavior KW - habituation KW - North Carolina KW - winter KW - wood duck ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dabbling duck behavior and aircraft activity in coastal North Carolina AU - Conomy, JT AU - Collazo, JA AU - Dubovsky, JA AU - Fleming, WJ T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB - Requests to increase military aircraft activity in some training facilities in the United States have prompted the need to determine if waterfowl and other wildlife are adversely affected by aircraft disturbance. We quantified behavioral responses of wintering American black ducks (Anas rubripes), American wigeon (A. americana), gadwall (A. strepera), and American green-winged teal (A. crecca carolinensis) exposed to low-level flying military aircrafts at Piney and Cedar islands, North Carolina, in 1991 and 1992. Waterfowl spent ≤1.4% of their time responding to aircraft, which included flying, swimming, and alert behaviors. Mean duration of responses by species ranged from 10 to 40 sec. Costs to each species were deemed low because disruptions represented a low percentage of their time-activity budgets, only a small proportion of birds reacted 'to disturbance (13/672; 2%), and the likelihood of resuming the activity disrupted by an aircraft disturbance event was high (64% ). Recorded levels of aircraft disturbance (i.e., x = 85.1 dBA) were not adversely affecting the time-activity budgets of selected waterfowl species wintering at Piney and Cedar islands. DA - 1998/7// PY - 1998/7// DO - 10.2307/3802567 VL - 62 IS - 3 SP - 1127-1134 SN - 0022-541X KW - aircraft disturbance KW - American black duck KW - American wigeon KW - energy budgets KW - gadwall KW - green-winged teal KW - North Carolina KW - waterfowl KW - winter ER - TY - JOUR TI - Altered metabolic elimination of testosterone and associated toxicity following exposure of Daphnia magna to nonylphenol polyethoxylate AU - Baldwin, WS AU - Graham, SE AU - Shea, D AU - LeBlanc, GA T2 - ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AB - The ability of nonylphenol polyethoxylate (nonylphenyl polyethylene glycol, NPPG) to alter the metabolic elimination of testosterone and elicit reproductive toxicity to Daphnia magna was assessed. NPPG (5.0 mg/liter) inhibited the elimination of testosterone as glucose and sulfate conjugates, but had minimal effect on the rate of elimination of oxido-reduced and hydroxylated derivatives of the steroid hormone. This exposure concentration of NPPG also approximated the acute threshold-effect concentration and the chronic value for daphnids. Results demonstrated that NPPG qualitatively elicits similar effects on the metabolic elimination of testosterone by daphnids as previously characterized with its degradation product 4-nonylphenol. Unlike 4-nonylphenol, significant chronic toxicity of NPPG, due to effects on steroid elimination processes, was not evident. Results from the present study provide no indication that concentrations of nonylphenol polyethoxylates typically measured in the environment pose a risk of chronic toxicity to invertebrates. DA - 1998/2// PY - 1998/2// DO - 10.1006/eesa.1997.1614 VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 104-111 SN - 0147-6513 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using spontaneous antibiotic-resistant mutants to assess competitiveness of bradyrhizobial inoculants for nodulation of soybean AU - Ramirez, ME AU - Israel, DW AU - Wollum, AG T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AB - Spontaneous mutants (3/parental strain) of soybean bradyrhizobia resistant to streptomycin and erythromycin were selected from strains isolated from bradyrhizobial populations indigenous to Cape Fear and Dothan soils. These were used to evaluate (i) the validity of using antibiotic-resistant mutants to make inferences about the competitiveness of parental strains in soil environments and (ii) the recovery of strains in nodules after inoculation of soybeans grown in soils with indigenous bradyrhizobial populations. Streptomycin and erythromycin resistances of all mutants were stable after approximately 27 generations of growth in yeast extract - mannitol medium, but 33% of the mutants lost resistance to erythromycin upon passage through nodules. Only 17% of the mutants were as competitive as their parental strain when inoculated in a ratio near 1:1 in vermiculite. Four of 10 mutants, which differed in competitiveness from their parental strain in vermiculite, had competitiveness against the soil populations equal to that of their parental strain. Therefore, assessment of competitiveness of mutants and parental strains in non-soil media may not accurately reflect their competitiveness in soil systems. For both the Cape Fear and Dothan soils, recovery of a given mutant from nodules of field-grown plants was always lower than from nodules of plants grown in the greenhouse. Inoculation of the entire rooting zone in the greenhouse experiment and of only a portion of the rooting zone in the field experiments may account for this difference in recovery. Techniques that increase the volume of soil inoculated may enhance nodulation by inoculant strains.Key words: Bradyrizobium, antibiotic resistance, competition. DA - 1998/8// PY - 1998/8// DO - 10.1139/cjm-44-8-753 VL - 44 IS - 8 SP - 753-758 SN - 0008-4166 KW - Bradyrhizobium KW - antibiotic resistance KW - competition ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phenological variation in height and diameter growth in provenances and families of loblolly pine AU - Jayawickrama, KJS AU - McKeand, SE AU - Jett, JB T2 - NEW FORESTS DA - 1998/7// PY - 1998/7// DO - 10.1023/A:1016527317326 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 11-25 SN - 1573-5095 KW - shoot phenology KW - shoot growth KW - diameter growth KW - growth cessation KW - Pinus taeda ER - TY - JOUR TI - Introduction to the environment and vegetation of the southern Blue Ridge province AU - Pittillo, J. D. AU - Hatcher, R. D. AU - Buol, S. W. T2 - Castanea DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 63 IS - 3 SP - 202-216 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of uniconazole on shoot growth and budset of containerized Fraser fir AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Warren, S. L. AU - Snelling, L. K. T2 - HortScience DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 82-84 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling the forest hydrology of wetland-upland ecosystems in Florida AU - Sun, G AU - Riekerk, H AU - Comerford, NB T2 - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION AB - ABSTRACT: Few hydrological models are applicable to pine flat‐woods which are a mosaic of pine plantations and cypress swamps. Unique features of this system include ephemeral sheet flow, shallow dynamic ground water table, high rainfall and evapotranspiration, and high infiltration rates. A FLATWOODS model has been developed specifically for the cypress wetland‐pine upland landscape by integrating a 2‐D ground water model, a Variable‐Source‐Area (VAS)‐based surface flow model, an evapotranspiration (ET) model, and an unsaturated water flow model. The FLATWOODS model utilizes a distributed approach by dividing the entire simulation domain into regular cells. It has the capability to continuously simulate the daily values of ground water table depth, ET, and soil moisture content distributions in a watershed. The model has been calibrated and validated with a 15‐year runoff and a four‐year ground water table data set from two different pine flat woods research watersheds in northern Florida. This model may be used for predicting hydrologic impacts of different forest management practices in the coastal regions. DA - 1998/8// PY - 1998/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb01519.x VL - 34 IS - 4 SP - 827-841 SN - 1752-1688 KW - forest hydrology KW - Florida KW - ground water hydrology KW - pine flatwoods KW - modeling KW - wetlands ER - TY - CONF TI - Nutrient removal from swine wastewater with growing duckweed AU - Cheng, J. AU - Stomp, A-M AU - Classen, J. J. AU - Barker, J. C. AU - Bergmann, B. A. AB - ABSTRACT. Three duckweed geographic isolates were grown on varying concentrations of swine lagoon effluent in agreenhouse to determine their ability to remove nutrients from the effluent. Duckweed biomass was harvested every otherday over a 12-day period. Duckweed biomass production, nutrient loss from the swine lagoon effluent, and nutrientcontent of duckweed biomass were used to identify effluent concentrations/geographic isolate combinations that areeffective in terms of nutrient utilization from swine lagoon effluent and production of healthy duckweed biomass. WhenLemna minor geographic isolate 8627 was grown on 50% swine lagoon effluent, respective losses of TKN, NH 3 -N, TP,OPO 4 -P, TOC, K, Cu, and Zn were 83, 100, 49, 31, 68, 21, 28, and 67%. C2 - 1998/// C3 - The 1998 ASAE annual international meeting : the imaginative world of engineering ... engineering solutions for tomorrow ; Orlando, Florida July 11-16, 1998 DA - 1998/// DO - 10.13031/2013.2701 VL - 984122 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adventitious root initiation in hypocotyl and epicotyl cuttings of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings AU - Goldfarb, B AU - Hackett, WP AU - Furnier, GR AU - Mohn, CA AU - Plietzsch, A T2 - PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM AB - The present paper reports results of experiments to develop a system for studying adventitious root initiation in cuttings derived from seedlings. Hypocotyl cuttings of 2‐week‐old eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus L.) seedlings were treated for 5 min with 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 or 600 mg l −1 (0, 0.54, 1.07, 1.61, 2.15, 2.69 or 3.22 m M ) 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to determine the effect on root initiation. The number of root primordia per cutting was correlated with NAA concentration and the square of NAA concentration. Thus, the number increased from less than one per cutting in the 0 NAA treatment to approximately 40 per cutting at 300 mg l‐1 NAA, above which no substantial further increase was observed. The larger number of root primordia formed in response to increasing concentrations of NAA was due to the formation of primordia over a larger proportion of the hypocotyls. Histological analysis of the timing of root primordium formation in hypocotyl cuttings revealed three discernible stages. Progression through these stages was relatively synchronous among NAA‐treated hypocotyl cuttings and within a given cutting, but variation was observed in the portion of different cuttings undergoing root formation. Control‐treated hypocotyl cuttings formed root primordia at lower frequencies and more slowly than NAA‐treated cuttings, with fewer primordia per cutting. Epicotyl cuttings from 11‐week‐old seedlings also formed adventitious roots, but more slowly than hypocotyl cuttings. NAA treatment of epicotyl cuttings caused more rapid root initiation and also affected the origin of adventitious roots in comparison with nontreated cuttings. NAA‐treated epicotyl cuttings formed roots in a manner analogous to that of the hypocotyl cuttings, directly from preformed vascular tissue, while control‐treated epicotyl cuttings first formed a wound or callus tissue and subsequently differentiated root primordia within that tissue. This system of inducing adventitious roots in pine stem cuttings lends itself to studying the molecular and biochemical steps that occur during root initiation and development. DA - 1998/4// PY - 1998/4// DO - 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1020405.x VL - 102 IS - 4 SP - 513-522 SN - 1399-3054 KW - adventitious roots KW - auxin KW - cuttings KW - eastern white pine KW - epicotyl KW - histology KW - hypocotyl KW - juvenility KW - maturation KW - 1-naphthaleneacetic acid KW - Pinus strobus KW - rooting ER - TY - PCOMM TI - A comparison of the contributions of clay, silt, and organic matter to the effective CEC of soils in sub-Saharan Africa AU - Buol, S AU - Kamprath, EJ DA - 1998/6// PY - 1998/6// DO - 10.1097/00010694-199806000-00009 SP - 508-508 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Red and lateritic soils of the world: Concept, potential, constraints, and challenges AU - Buol, S. W. AU - Cook, M. G. T2 - Red & lateritic soils A2 - J. Sehgal, W. E. Blum A2 - K. S. Gajbhiye, K. S. CN - S592.17.R43 R42 1998 PY - 1998/// SP - 49-56 PB - Rotterdam: Brookfield ER - TY - JOUR TI - Productivity, drought tolerance and pest status of hybrid Populus: Tree improvement and silvicultural implications AU - Robison, DJ AU - Raffa, KF T2 - BIOMASS & BIOENERGY AB - Sixteen hybrid poplars, Populus spp., were evaluated during the first 3 years and in year 6 of plantation growth. Significant clonal differences were found in survival, growth, and susceptibility to pests. Drought tolerance varied among clones. Branch and secondary stem biomass, and biomass density were important factors in tree weight. Impacts of the fungal pathogen, Septoria musiva, and herbivory by the cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta, and the meadow mouse, Microtus pennsylvanicus, varied greatly among clones. Five clones, NM6, DTAC2, NC5377, NC11396 and NC11004, exhibited high rates of survival, productivity, and canker disease resistance. Clones NM6 and DTAC2 were highly and moderately resistant, respectively, to meadow mouse herbivory. Clone NC11396 was moderately resistant to the cottonwood leaf beetle. All other clones were susceptible to these pests. These results are discussed in regard to tree evaluation and improvement strategies, and multiple pest complexes. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1016/S0961-9534(97)00037-8 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 1-20 SN - 0961-9534 KW - Populus KW - host plant resistance KW - tree improvement KW - biomass KW - biofuels KW - Chrysomela KW - cottonwood leaf beetle KW - Septoria KW - drought tolerance KW - herbivory KW - hybrid poplar ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic mapping of QTLs affecting tree growth and architecture in Populus: implication for ideotype breeding AU - Wu, RL T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 1998/3// PY - 1998/3// DO - 10.1007/s001220050761 VL - 96 IS - 3-4 SP - 447-457 SN - 1432-2242 KW - growth KW - ideotype breeding KW - Populus KW - QTL mapping KW - quantitative variation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exact binomial confidence interval for proportions AU - Morisette, J. T. AU - Khorram, S. T2 - Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 64 IS - 4 SP - 281-283 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developmental factors responsible for heterosis in aspen hybrids (Populus tremuloides x P-tremula) AU - Li, B. L. AU - Howe, G. T. AU - Wu, R. L. T2 - Tree Physiology AB - Juvenile growth and bud set phenology were analyzed to study the biological basis of heterosis (hybrid vigor) in interspecific hybrids of Populus tremuloides Michx. (T) and P. tremula L. (Ta). Growth, measured as seedling volume index, was significantly higher for each of the two reciprocal interspecific crosses, T x Ta and Ta x T, than for the T x T intraspecific cross. Broad-sense heritabilities were 2-6 times larger than narrow-sense heritabilities for growth and shoot components in the T x T intraspecific cross, suggesting an important role for dominance or overdominance in aspen growth. Previous genetic analyses have indicated that hybrid vigor may be the result of overdominance at several key loci each with an allele inherited from each of parental species. Internode length and leaf number contributed substantially to the heterosis of stem volume, but their effects on heterosis differed between the T x Ta and Ta x T hybrids. In T x Ta seedlings, heterosis of stem volume was attributed to a high diameter growth rate, whereas in Ta x T seedlings heterosis of stem volume was probably the result of delayed bud set resulting in a longer duration of height growth. In addition to internode number and length and leaf number, other morphological or physiological components might affect heterosis, for example, extended leaf retention. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1093/treephys/18.1.29 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 29-36 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The promise of forest biotechnology AU - Sederoff, R. R. T2 - Paper Age DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// IS - 1998 Aug. SP - 13-18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Forests AU - McNulty, S. T2 - Acclimations: Newsletter of the U.S. National Assessment of Climate Variability and Change DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 3 IS - 1998 Nov./Dec. SP - 4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wood identification - A review AU - Wheeler, EA AU - Baas, P T2 - IAWA JOURNAL AB - Wood identification is of value in a variety of contexts - commercial, forensic, archaeological and paleontological. This paper reviews the basics of wood identification, including the problems associated with different types of materials, lists commonly used microscopic and macroscopic features and recent wood anatomical atlases, discusses types ofkeys (synoptic, dichotomous, and multiple entry), and outlines some work on computer-assisted wood identification. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// DO - 10.1163/22941932-90001528 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 241-264 SN - 2294-1932 KW - wood identification KW - keys KW - computer-aided wood identification ER - TY - JOUR TI - The class poster conference as a teaching tool AU - Hess, G. R. AU - Brooks, E. N. T2 - Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 27 IS - 1998 SP - 155-158 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Students comment on proposed legislation - Teaming with wildlife or teaming with oil? AU - Bell, T. J. T2 - Wildlife Society Bulletin DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 650-651 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic variance in the F-2 generation of divergently selected parents AU - Koshy, MP AU - Namkoong, G AU - Roberds, JH T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 1998/10// PY - 1998/10// DO - 10.1007/s001220050982 VL - 97 IS - 5-6 SP - 990-993 SN - 0040-5752 KW - F-2 genetic variance KW - divergent selection KW - provenance hybrids ER - TY - JOUR TI - The forces of change driving forestry education AU - Tombaugh, L. W. T2 - Journal of Forestry DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// VL - 96 IS - 2 SP - 4-7 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Provenance and family variation in Sterculia apetala in Colombia AU - Dvorak, WS AU - Uruena, H AU - Moreno, LA AU - Goforth, J T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - Abstract Three provenances and 23 open-pollinated families of Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) Karst were established in a genetic field test in Zambrano, (Bolivar) northern Colombia (10° N lat.), where average annual rainfall is 920 mm. The provenances were Tiquisate, Guatemala, Cofradia, Honduras, and northern (Atlantico and Bolivar), Colombia. Growth and quality traits were measured over an 8-year period, and leaf initiation and wood specific gravity were assessed at age 10. The average height of S. apetala was 7.6 m at 8 years of age. The local Colombian provenance had 11% better survival, produced 28% more volume, and had better stem straightness than the best Central American provenance. Leaf initiation and leaf fall occurred in the introduced Central American sources earlier than in the local Colombian provenance and their timing appeared partly out of phase with the onset of the wet and dry seasons. Wood specific gravity averaged 0.208 at 10 years of age. The local Colombian source had significantly higher specific gravity than the introduced Central American sources, 0.216 vs. 0.204, respectively. There was a weak positive phenotypic correlation ( r =0.21) between height growth and wood specific gravity. Individual tree heritability for growth traits and quality traits ranged between 0.10 and 0.23. Individual tree heritability for leaf initiation was 0.05 and for specific gravity 0.44. Conservation and breeding efforts for S. apetala will continue to be minimal until new markets develop to utilize wood with low density. DA - 1998/12/7/ PY - 1998/12/7/ DO - 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00316-8 VL - 111 IS - 2-3 SP - 127-135 SN - 0378-1127 KW - dry zone KW - provenance variation KW - wood specific gravity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nonlinear genotypic response to macro- and microenvironments AU - Wu, RL AU - DM O'Malley, T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 1998/4// PY - 1998/4// DO - 10.1007/s001220050787 VL - 96 IS - 5 SP - 669-675 SN - 1432-2242 KW - additive-multiplicative model KW - ANOVA KW - macroenvironment KW - microenvironment KW - genotype x environment interaction ER - TY - PAT TI - Method of altering lignin in trees AU - MacKay, J. AU - O'Malley, D. AU - Whetten, R. AU - Sederoff, R. C2 - 1998/// DA - 1998/// PY - 1998/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating survival rates of black bears AU - Sorensen, VA AU - Powell, RA T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY AB - Capture-recapture, radiotelemetry (on a monthly and a yearly basis), and age-distribution methods were used to estimate annual survival rates for black bears (Ursus americanus) in the southern Appalachians from 1981 to 1996. Using capture-recapture data, the Jolly-Seber estimator calculated the annual survival rate for all bears over all years to be 0.64 ± 0.04 (mean ± SE). Because of small sample sizes, this method did not produce yearly estimates or allow separation of the data into age or sex classes. Both the Kaplan-Meier estimator (using monthly telemetry data) and the percent survival estimator (using yearly telemetry data) computed an overall annual survival rate of 0.76 ± 0.04. Survival rates for the early years of the study (1981-1987) were significantly lower than in the late years (1988-1996). No significant difference in survival rate was detected between the sexes or among age-classes. Because it is difficult to capture and recapture large numbers of animals, radiotelemetry methods are preferable for large mammals such as black bears. If bears wear their collars for at least a year, calculating survival from yearly telemetry data provides a good estimate of bear survival. Using monthly telemetry data, however, provided the most detailed understanding of bear survival. Survival estimates produced by the age-distribution method were unreliable. DA - 1998/7// PY - 1998/7// DO - 10.1139/cjz-76-7-1335 VL - 76 IS - 7 SP - 1335-1343 SN - 1480-3283 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessment of the condition of agricultural lands in five mid-Atlantic states AU - Hellkamp, AS AU - Shafer, , SR AU - Campbell, CL AU - Bay, JM AU - Fiscus, DA AU - Hess, GR AU - McQuaid, BF AU - Munster, MJ AU - Olson, GL AU - Peck, SL AU - Easterling, KN AU - Sidik, K AU - Tooley, MB T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT DA - 1998/6// PY - 1998/6// DO - 10.1023/A:1005955807061 VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SP - 317-324 SN - 0167-6369 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A hierarchical methodology framework for multisource data fusion in vegetation classification AU - Dai, X AU - Khorram, S T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING AB - This Letter presents a new methodological framework for a hierarchical data fusion system for vegetation classification using multi-sensor and multitemporal remotely sensed imagery. The uniqueness of the approach is that the overall structure of the fusion system is built upon a hierarchy of vegetation canopy attributes that can be remotely detected by sensors. The framework consists of two key components: an automated multisource image registration system and a hierarchical model for multi-sensor and multi-temporal data fusion. DA - 1998/12// PY - 1998/12// DO - 10.1080/014311698213911 VL - 19 IS - 18 SP - 3697-3701 SN - 1366-5901 ER -