TY - CHAP TI - Survival and home ranges of white-tailed deer in southern Minnesota AU - DePerno, C.S. AU - Haroldson, B.S. AU - Brinkman, T.J. AU - Bigalke, B.J. AU - Swanson, C.C. AU - Lajoie, I.L. AU - Jenks, J.A. AU - Erb, J.D. AU - Osborn, R.G. T2 - Summaries of Wildlife Research Findings 2002 Section of Wildlife A2 - DonCarlos, M.W. A2 - Kimmel, R.O. A2 - Lawrence, J.S. A2 - Lenarz, M.S. PY - 2004/// SP - 35–54 PB - Minnesota Department of Natural Resources ER - TY - CHAP TI - Animal Damage Control AU - DePerno, C.S. T2 - 2005 Agricultural Chemicals Manual A2 - Monks, D.W. A2 - Buhler, W.G. A2 - Burton, M.G. A2 - Burnette, J. A2 - Crozier, C.R. A2 - DePerno, C. A2 - Gosper, J.M. A2 - Moorman, C. A2 - Roberson, G.T. A2 - Sidebottom, J.R. A2 - Southern, P.S. A2 - Stalker, T. A2 - Sutton, T. A2 - Toth, S.J. A2 - Jones, E. PY - 2004/// SP - 538-548 PB - College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University ER - TY - CONF TI - Distribution and abundance of cougars (Puma concolor) in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming AU - Fecske, D.M. AU - Jenks, J.A. AU - Lindzey, F.G. AU - DePerno, C.S. AU - Serfass, T.L. T2 - Eastern Cougar Conference 2004 A2 - McGinnis, H.J. A2 - Tischendorf, J.W. A2 - Ropski, S.J. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings of the Eastern Cougar Conference 2004 CY - Morgantown, West Virginia, USA DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// SP - 34 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Survival, home range characteristics, and habitat selection of river otter in southeastern Minnesota AU - Gorman, T.A. AU - Erb, J.D. AU - McMillan, B.R. AU - DePerno, C.S. AU - Martin, D.J. T2 - Summaries of Wildlife Research Findings 2003 Division of Fish and Wildlife A2 - DonCarlos, M.W. A2 - Kimmel, R.O. A2 - Lawrence, J.S. A2 - Lenarz, M.S. PY - 2004/// SP - 107-119 PB - Minnesota Department of Natural Resources ER - TY - CHAP TI - Estimating deer populations in southeast Minnesota AU - Osborn, R.G. AU - DePerno, C.S. AU - Haroldson, B.S. T2 - Summaries of Wildlife Research Findings 2003 Division of Fish and Wildlife A2 - DonCarlos, M.W. A2 - Kimmel, R.O. A2 - Lawrence, J.S. A2 - Lenarz, M.S. PY - 2004/// SP - 1-8 PB - Minnesota Department of Natural Resources ER - TY - SOUND TI - Techno-Birds AU - Cooper, C.B. DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// M3 - Featured presentation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bluebirds put their eggs into more than one basket AU - Cooper, C.B. AU - Phillips, T.R. AU - Hochachka, W.M. AU - Dhondt, A.A. T2 - Birdscope DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 18 IS - 3 ER - TY - CONF TI - Transforming Scientific Dissent into Dissidence: Analysis of ‘The Pulse of Scientific Freedom in the Age of the Biotech Industry AU - Delborne, J. T2 - Annual Meetings of the Society for Social Studies of Science C2 - 2004/8/27/ CY - Paris, France DA - 2004/8/27/ PY - 2004/8/27/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Combining scientific data in frameworks for decision-making: examples from two transboundary lakes (Lake Champlain, USA & Canada, and Lake Ohrid. Macedonia & Albania). AU - Watzin, M.C. A2 - Morell, Marc A2 - Todorovik, Olivija A2 - Dimitrov, Dobri A2 - Selenica, Agim A2 - Spirkovski, Zoran C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings, Conference on Water Observation and Information Systems for Decision Support DA - 2004/// PB - Institut de la Recherche pour le Developpement ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monitoring and evaluation of cyanobacteria in Lake Champlain: Summer 2003 AU - Watzin, M.C. AU - Shambaugh, Ad AU - Brines, E.K. AU - Clason, T. AU - Kreider, M. A3 - Lake Champlain Basin Program DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - 51 M3 - Technical Report PB - Lake Champlain Basin Program SN - 51 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Differences in bird foraging behaviour between Sonoran Desert and urban habitats in central Arizona AU - Shochat, Eyal AU - Katti, Madhusudan AU - Lerman, Susannah DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - RPRT TI - How do humans restructure the biodiversity of the Sonoran desert AU - Hope, Diane AU - Gries, Corinna AU - Warren, Paige AU - Katti, Madhu AU - Stuart, Glenn AU - Oleson, Jake AU - Kaye, Jason T2 - USDA Forest Service Proceedings A3 - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - RMRS-P-26 SP - 189–194 M1 - RMRS-P-26 PB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service SN - RMRS-P-26 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Point Count Bird Censusing Data Subset for Paper 'EFFECTS OF LAND USE AND VEGETATION COVER ON BIRD COMMUNITIES' Walker et. al AU - Walker, Jason AU - Shochat, Eyal AU - Katti, Madhusudan V. AU - Warren, Paige S. A3 - Environmental Data Initiative DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M3 - dataset PB - Environmental Data Initiative UR - https://sustainability-innovation.asu.edu/caplter/data/view/knb-lter-cap.394/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Elevated CO2 and O3t concentrations differentially affect selected groups of the fauna in temperate forest soils AU - Loranger, Gladys I AU - Pregitzer, Kurt S AU - King, John S T2 - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AB - Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations may change soil fauna abundance. How increase of tropospheric ozone (O3t) concentration will modify these responses is still unknown. We have assessed independent and interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and [O3t] on selected groups of soil fauna. The experimental design is a factorial arrangement of elevated [CO2] and [O3t] treatments, applied using Free-Air CO2 Enrichment technology to 30 m diameter rings, with all treatments replicated three times. Within each ring, three communities were established consisting of: (1) trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) (2) trembling aspen and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and (3) trembling aspen. After 4 yr of stand development, soil fauna were extracted in each ring. Compared to the control, abundance of total soil fauna, Collembola and Acari decreased significantly under elevated [CO2] (−69, −79 and −70%, respectively). Abundance of Acari decreased significantly under elevated [O3t] (−47%). Soil fauna abundance was similar to the control under the combination of elevated [CO2+O3t]. The individual negative effects of elevated [CO2] and elevated [O3t] are negated upon exposure to both gases. We conclude that soil fauna communities will change under elevated [CO2] and elevated [O3t] in ways that cannot be predicted or explained from the exposure of ecosystems to each gas individually. DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.04.022 VL - 36 IS - 9 SP - 1521-1524 J2 - Soil Biology and Biochemistry LA - en OP - SN - 0038-0717 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.04.022 DB - Crossref KW - arthropods KW - elevated CO2 KW - FACE technology KW - global change KW - northern forests KW - ozone ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vasopeptidase inhibition reverses myocardial vasoactive intestinal peptide depletion and decreases fibrosis in salt sensitive hypertension AU - Ye, Victor Z.C AU - Hodge, George AU - Yong, Jim L.C AU - Duggan, Karen A T2 - European Journal of Pharmacology AB - We have shown previously that the concentration of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in the heart is inversely correlated with the degree of fibrosis in a number of experimental models of early myocardial fibrosis. Vasopeptidase inhibition and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition both decrease myocardial fibrosis. In this study, we sought to determine whether this myocardial protective effect might reflect increased VIP concentrations in the heart. We compared the effects of 4 weeks treatment of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on the degree of fibrosis and the concentration of VIP in the heart in salt sensitive hypertension induced by treatment with L-nitro-omega-methylarginine (L-NAME). Systolic blood pressure decreased in both treatment groups compared with control (omapatrilat P<0.005; enalapril P<0.001). Myocardial fibrosis was less for omapatrilat than control (P<0.0005) and enalapril (P<0.0005) groups. Myocardial VIP was greater in omapatrilat than in controls (P<0.005) and enalapril-treated rats (P<0.05). We conclude that vasopeptidase inhibition exerts a greater myocardial protective effect than angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Further, this myocardial protective effect is associated with increased VIP in the heart suggesting a pathogenetic role for VIP depletion in the development of fibrosis in the heart. DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// DO - 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.11.069 VL - 485 IS - 1-3 SP - 235-242 J2 - European Journal of Pharmacology LA - en OP - SN - 0014-2999 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.11.069 DB - Crossref KW - myocardial fibrosis KW - VIP (Vasopeptidase Intestinal Peptide) KW - vasopeptidase inhibition KW - angiotensin converting enzyme KW - neutral endopeptidase KW - cardiac failure ER - TY - RPRT TI - Land and Resource Management Plan for the Daniel Boone National Forest AU - Roise, Joseph P. A3 - USDA Forest Service Southern Region DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - R8-MB 117A M3 - Management Bulletin PB - USDA Forest Service Southern Region SN - R8-MB 117A UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_032532.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon Dioxide Exchange Between an Old-growth Forest and the Atmosphere AU - Paw U, KyawTha AU - Falk, Matthias AU - Suchanek, ThomasH. AU - Ustin, SusanL. AU - Chen, Jiquan AU - Park, Young-San AU - Winner, WilliamE. AU - Thomas, SeanC. AU - Hsiao, TheodoreC. AU - Shaw, RogerH. AU - King, ThomasS. AU - Pyles, R.David AU - Schroeder, Matt AU - Matista, AnthonyA. T2 - Ecosystems AB - Eddy-covariance and biometeorological methods show significant net annual carbon uptake in an old-growth Douglas-fir forest in southwestern Washington, USA. These results contrast with previous assumptions that old-growth forest ecosystems are in carbon equilibrium. The basis for differences between conventional biomass-based carbon sequestration estimates and the biometeorologic estimates are discussed. Annual net ecosystem exchange was comparable to younger ecosystems at the same latitude, as quantified in the AmeriFlux program. Net ecosystem carbon uptake was significantly correlated with photosynthetically active radiation and air temperature, as well as soil moisture and precipitation. Optimum ecosystem photosynthesis occurred at relatively cool temperatures (5°–10°C). Understory and soil carbon exchange always represented a source of carbon to the atmosphere, with a strong seasonal cycle in source strength. Understory and soil carbon exchange showed a Q10 temperature dependence and represented a substantial portion of the ecosystem carbon budget. The period of main carbon uptake and the period of soil and ecosystem respiration are out of phase, however, and driven by different climatic boundary conditions. The period of strongest ecosystem carbon uptake coincides with the lowest observed values of soil and ecosystem respiration. Despite the substantial contribution of soil, the overall strength of the photosynthetic sink resulted in the net annual uptake. The net uptake estimates here included two correction methods, one for advection and the other for low levels of turbulence. DA - 2004/5/19/ PY - 2004/5/19/ DO - 10.1007/S10021-004-0141-8 VL - 7 IS - 5 J2 - Ecosystems LA - en OP - SN - 1432-9840 1435-0629 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10021-004-0141-8 DB - Crossref KW - net ecosystem exchange (NEE) KW - gross ecosystem production KW - eddy covariance KW - biometeorology KW - old-growth forest KW - carbon flux KW - carbon dioxide KW - Wind River Canopy Crane ER - TY - JOUR TI - Canopy Carbon Gain and Water Use: Analysis of Old-growth Conifers in the Pacific Northwest AU - Winner, WilliamE. AU - Thomas, SeanC. AU - Berry, JosephA. AU - Bond, BarbaraJ. AU - Cooper, CliftonE. AU - Hinckley, ThomasM. AU - Ehleringer, JamesR. AU - Fessenden, JuliannaE. AU - Lamb, Brian AU - McCarthy, Sarah AU - McDowell, NateG. AU - Phillips, Nathan AU - Williams, Mathew T2 - Ecosystems DA - 2004/5/19/ PY - 2004/5/19/ DO - 10.1007/S10021-004-0139-2 VL - 7 IS - 5 J2 - Ecosystems LA - en OP - SN - 1432-9840 1435-0629 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10021-004-0139-2 DB - Crossref KW - biogenic carbon emissions KW - canopy processes KW - forest carbon budget KW - forest gas exchange KW - old-growth canopy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Three-dimensional Structure of an Old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga Canopy and Its Implications for Radiation Balance, Microclimate, and Gas Exchange AU - Parker, Geoffrey G. AU - Harmon, Mark E. AU - Lefsky, Michael A. AU - Chen, Jiquan AU - Pelt, Robert Van AU - Weis, Stuart B. AU - Thomas, Sean C. AU - Winner, William E. AU - Shaw, David C. AU - Frankling, Jerry F. T2 - Ecosystems DA - 2004/5/20/ PY - 2004/5/20/ DO - 10.1007/S10021-004-0136-5 VL - 7 IS - 5 J2 - Ecosystems LA - en OP - SN - 1432-9840 1435-0629 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10021-004-0136-5 DB - Crossref KW - biomass KW - canopy KW - cover KW - complexity KW - gap KW - hypsograph KW - leaf area index KW - old-growth forests KW - respiration KW - spatial variation KW - transmittance KW - vertical structure ER - TY - CHAP TI - Conservation biology AU - Walters, Jeffrey R. AU - Cooper, Caren B. AU - Daniels, Susan J. AU - Pasinelli, Gilberto AU - Schiegg, Karin T2 - Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds A2 - Koenig, Walter D. A2 - Dickinson, Janis L. AB - The primary objective of conservation is to preserve biodiversity. Biodiversity encompasses not only distinct life forms such as species and subspecies, but also unique adaptations such as cooperative breeding. Cooperatively breeding birds exhibit a variety of distinctive traits that render some species unusually vulnerable to, or resistant to, habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, and to the problems inherent to small populations. Especially relevant are extreme philopatry, sensitivity to habitat quality, and the presence of large numbers of non-breeding adults (helpers). To our knowledge, no one has previously assessed how cooperative breeders as a group are faring against the threats to their continued existence they currently face. In this chapter we conduct such an assessment and examine the interaction between the distinctive features of cooperative breeders and the various threats to biodiversity. PY - 2004/4/22/ DO - 10.1017/cbo9780511606816.013 SP - 197–209 PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 9780521530996 9780521822718 9780511606816 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511606816.013 ER - TY - THES TI - Carbon storage and transport in fertilized loblolly pine (Pinus taeda, L.) plantations on upland sandy and clayey soils AU - Leggett, Z.H. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// SP - 80 M3 - Ph.D. Dissertation. PB - Department of Forestry. North Carolina State University ER - TY - RPRT TI - Estimating detection probabilities for community assessment and population monitoring AU - Simons, T.R. AU - Pollock, K.J. A3 - USGS Status and Trends Program DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M3 - Annual report PB - USGS Status and Trends Program ER - TY - CHAP TI - Mist netting trans-Gulf migrants at coastal stopover sites: the influence of spatial and temporal variability on capture data AU - Simons, T.R. AU - Moore, F.R. AU - Gauthreaux, S.A. T2 - The use of mist nets to monitor bird populations A2 - Ralph, C.J. A2 - Dunn, E.H. T3 - Studies in Avian Biology PY - 2004/// SP - 135–143 SV - 29 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Race, ethnicity and culture – implications for resource management: An overview and synthesis AU - Floyd, M.F. T2 - Society and natural resources: A summary of knowledge A2 - Manfredo, M. A2 - Vaske, J. A2 - Bruyere, B. A2 - Field, D. A2 - Brown, P. PY - 2004/// SP - 71–92 PB - Modern Litho ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antlered female deer: A scientific perspective AU - DePerno, C.S. AU - Jenks, J.A. T2 - Whitetales Winter DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// SP - 38–39 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Separating components of detection probability in population abundance estimation: An overview with diverse examples AU - Pollock, K.H. AU - Marsh, H.H. AU - Bailey, L.L. AU - Farnsworth, G.L. AU - Simons, T.R. AU - Alldredge, M.W. T2 - Sampling rare or elusive species: Concepts, designs, and techniques for estimating population parameters A2 - Thompson, William PY - 2004/// SP - 43–58 PB - Island Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Costs of forestry best management practices in the south: A review AU - Cubbage, Frederick W. T2 - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1023/B:WAFO.0000012822.20500.ae VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 131-142 J2 - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus LA - en OP - SN - 1567-7230 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WAFO.0000012822.20500.ae DB - Crossref ER - TY - BOOK TI - Book Review: Road Ecology: Science and Solutions AU - Hess, George AU - Forman, R.T.T. AU - Sperling, D. AU - Bissonette, J.A. AU - Clevenger, A.P. AU - Cutshall, C.D. AU - Dale, V.H. AU - Fahrig, L. AU - France, R. AU - Goldman, C.R. AU - Heanue, K. AU - Jones, J.A. AU - Swanson, F.J. AU - Turrentine, T. AU - Winter, T.C. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1023/B:LAND.0000036194.94365.44 VL - 19 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC SE - 563–565 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:LAND.0000036194.94365.44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clostridium perfringens type A in a free-ranging fawn? AU - Brinkman, T.J. AU - Jenks, J.A. AU - DePerno, C.S. AU - Haroldson, B.S. T2 - The Prairie Naturalist DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 36 SP - 181–185 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Antlered does AU - DePerno, C.S. AU - Jenks, J.A. T2 - Minnesota Conservation Volunteer DA - 2004/5// PY - 2004/5// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predicting neonatal age of white-tailed deer in the northern Great Plains AU - Brinkman, T.J. AU - Monteith, K.L. AU - Jenks, J.A. AU - DePerno, C.S. T2 - The Prairie Naturalist DA - 2004/6// PY - 2004/6// VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 75–81 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Livestock predation by lions (Panthera leo) and other carnivores on ranches neighboring Tsavo National ParkS, Kenya AU - Patterson, Bruce D AU - Kasiki, Samuel M AU - Selempo, Edwin AU - Kays, Roland W T2 - Biological Conservation AB - Lion depredations on livestock are largely responsible for their conflicts with humans and for the historic collapse of their geographic range. Understanding of patterns associated with such predation can be used to mitigate its effects and promote more stable coexistence of lions and humans. We analyzed attacks on livestock over a four-years period on two neighboring arid-land ranches adjoining Tsavo East National Park, Kenya. A total of 312 attacks claiming 433 head of stock were examined. Lions were responsible for 85.9% of the attacks; hyenas and cheetahs were the other predators responsible. Lions and hyenas attacked mainly cattle and did so at night, whereas cheetahs almost exclusively took smaller sheep and goats. There was no temporal autocorrelation of daily losses, suggesting that the attacks are independent events. Both number of attacks and number of stock killed showed significant seasonal differences, and their monthly totals correlated positively with precipitation. Intensified predation in the wet season differs from patterns of lion predation elsewhere but reinforces the pattern that large carnivores take more livestock when native prey are most difficult to find and kill. On average, wildlife attacks claimed 2.4% of range stock annually, and livestock represented ca. 5.8% of the diet of ranch lions. This predation represented 2.6% of the herd’s estimated economic value, and cost the ranch $8749 per annum. Each lion cost ranchers approximately $290 per year in depredations. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.01.013 VL - 119 IS - 4 SP - 507-516 J2 - Biological Conservation LA - en OP - SN - 0006-3207 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.01.013 DB - Crossref KW - lion KW - predator KW - conflict KW - cattle KW - Kenya KW - seasonality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ecological impact of inside/outside house cats around a suburban nature preserve AU - Kays, Roland W. AU - DeWan, Amielle A. T2 - Animal Conservation AB - Abstract While subsidised populations of feral cats are known to impact their prey populations, little is known about the ecological impact of inside/outside hunting cats (IOHC). We studied IOHC around a suburban nature preserve. Mail surveys indicated an average of 0.275 IOHC/house, leading to a regional density estimate of 0.32 IOHC/ha. A geographical model of cat density was created based on local house density and distance from forest/neighbourhood edge. IOHC hunted mostly small mammals, averaging 1.67 prey brought home/cat/month and a kill rate of 13%. Predation rates based on kills brought home was lower than the estimate from observing hunting cats (5.54 kills/cat/month). IOHC spent most outside time in their or their immediate neighbours' garden/yard, or in the nearby forest edge; 80% of observed hunts occurred in a garden/yard or in the first 10 m of forest. Radio‐tracked IOHC averaged 0.24 ha in home‐range size (95% minimum convex polygon (MCP)) and rarely entered forest. Confirming this, scent stations detected cats more often near the edge and more cats were detected in smaller forest fragments. There was no relationship between the number of cats detected in an area and the local small mammal abundance or rodent seed predation rates. Cold weather and healthy cat predator populations are speculated to minimise the ecological impact of IOHC on this area. DA - 2004/8// PY - 2004/8// DO - 10.1017/s1367943004001489 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 273-283 J2 - Animal Conservation LA - en OP - SN - 1367-9430 1469-1795 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1367943004001489 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Lakebed Pockmarks in Burlington Bay, Lake Champlain: I. Hydrodynamics and Implications of Origin AU - Manley, Patricia L. AU - Manley, T. O. AU - Watzin, Mary C. AU - Gutierrez, Josh T2 - Lake Champlain: Partnerships and Research in the New Millennium PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4757-4080-6_17 SP - 299-329 OP - PB - Springer US SN - 9781441934499 9781475740806 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4080-6_17 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vegetation control and fertilization in midrotation Pinus taeda stands in the southeastern United States AU - Albaugh, T. J. AU - Allen, Howard AU - Zutter, B. R. AU - Quicke, H. E. T2 - Annals of Forest Science AB - Nous avons evalue l'effet sur des plantations de Pinus taeda L. de differentes methodes de controle de la vegetation (VC) a savoir des traitements chimiques (glyphosate, imazapyr, metsulfuron, methyl et triclopyr), des interventions mecaniques et une fertilisation phosphatee, ceci sur un ensemble de stations situees en plaine et en piedmont des Etats du Sud Ouest, portant des peuplements allant de 10 a 22 ans en debut d'experience. Nous avons etudie la surface terriere des pins et des feuillus (principale vegetation concurrente) ainsi que le volume et la composition foliaire en nutrients des pins dans un dispositif en bloc complet a 2 ou 3 repetitions, avec une combinaison factorielle 2 x 2 d'une seule application de VC et de fertilisation. Le controle de la vegetation reduit l'importance des feuillus de 70 % au moins, sur toutes les stations. En moyenne, c'est le traitement combine qui a l'effet le plus important sur le volume de pin (6,1 et 11,0 m 3 ha -1 an -1 ) suivi par la fertilisation seule (5,5 et 7,9 m 3 ha -1 an -1 ) et par le VC seul (1,1 et 4,5 m 3 ha -1 an -1 ), les deux nombres entre parentheses correspondant aux annees 1 et, puis 3 et 4. L'amplitude de l'effet sur le volume des pins pour l'ensemble des traitements et des stations va de -3 a 12 m 3 ha -1 an -1 . Il est possible que certains stations, non representees ici, caracterisees par un plus grand deficit en eau, une concurrence plus importante et des disponibilites suffisantes en azote et phosphore, puissent reagir de maniere plus importante aux traitements de controle de la vegetation. La fertilisation seule n'a pas d'effet significatif sur la surface terriere des feuillus aux annees 2 et 4 ; la proportion de feuillus en surface terriere est a peu pres la meme avant et apres traitement (12 et 11 %) dans les parcelles temoins et fertilisees. Pour expliquer la superiorite du traitement combine sur la croissance des pins au bout de 4 ans, nous emettons l'hypothese suivante : l'effet fertilisation tend a diminuer, les nutrients apportes ayant ete utilises, mais l'effet VC augmente compte tenu de l'augmentation des disponibilites en nutrients et en eau au profit des pins, la vegetation concurrente ne pouvant pas se developper. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1051/forest:2003054 VL - 60 IS - 7 KW - vegetation control KW - fertilization KW - nitrogen KW - phosphorus KW - pine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Survival of white-tailed deer in an intensively farmed region of Minnesota AU - Brinkman, Todd J. AU - Jenks, Jonathan A. AU - DePerno, Christopher S. AU - Haroldson, Brian S. AU - Osborn, Robert G. T2 - Wildlife Society Bulletin AB - Survival and cause-specific mortality of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been well documented in forested habitat, but limited information has been collected in intensively farmed regions. The objectives of this study were to determine survival and cause-specific mortality of neonate, fawn female, and adult female white-tailed deer in an intensively farmed (>80% land cover) region of Minnesota. We captured and radio-collared 77 female deer >8 months old (61 adults, 16 fawns) and 39 neonates (17 male, 22 female). Hunting was the greatest cause of mortality among adult deer, with 43% of mortalities attributed to firearms hunters. Annual survival rate of all adult and fawn (≥8 months) radiocollared deer was 0.77 (n = 58, SE = 0.06). Overall (Jan. 2001-Aug. 2002) adult survival was 0.75 (n = 77, SE = 0.05) and was similar to survival rates reported elsewhere for female white-tailed deer. Natural causes (e.g., disease, predation) of mortality were minor compared to human-related causes (e.g., hunting, vehicle collision). In total, 67% of neonate mortalities were due to predators. Neonate summer survival rate pooled over years was 0.84 (n = 39, SE = 0.06) and was high compared to other studies. High neonate survival was likely associated with a low predator density, quality vegetation structure at neonate bed sites, and high nutritional condition of dams. Deer management in the highly fragmented and intensively farmed regions of Minnesota relies on hunter harvest to maintain deer populations at levels tolerable to landowners. DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0726:sowdia]2.0.co;2 VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 726-731 J2 - Wildlife Society Bulletin LA - en OP - SN - 0091-7648 1938-5463 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0726:sowdia]2.0.co;2 DB - Crossref KW - agriculture KW - cause-specific mortality KW - Minnesota KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - predation KW - survival KW - white-tailed deer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Understanding Stream Geomorphic State in Relation to Ecological Integrity: Evidence Using Habitat Assessments and Macroinvertebrates AU - Mažeika, S. AU - Sullivan, P. AU - Watzin, Mary C. AU - Hession, W. Cully T2 - Environmental Management DA - 2004/11// PY - 2004/11// DO - 10.1007/s00267-004-4032-8 VL - 34 IS - 5 SP - 669-683 J2 - Environmental Management LA - en OP - SN - 0364-152X 1432-1009 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-4032-8 DB - Crossref KW - geomorphic state KW - in-stream habitat KW - macroinvertebrate communities KW - stable KW - unstable KW - channel adjustment KW - EPT KW - channel morphology ER - TY - CHAP TI - Lakebed Pockmarks in Burlington Bay, Lake Champlain II. Habitat Characteristics and Biological Patterns AU - Watzin, Mary C. AU - Manley, Patricia L. AU - Manley, T. O. AU - Kyriakeas, Sofia A. T2 - Lake Champlain: Partnerships and Research in the New Millennium PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4757-4080-6_18 SP - 331-348 OP - PB - Springer US SN - 9781441934499 9781475740806 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4080-6_18 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - The Occurrence of Cyanobacterial Toxins in Lake Champlain AU - Boyer, Gregory L. AU - Watzin, Mary C. AU - Shambaugh, Angela D. AU - Satchwell, Michael F. AU - Rosen, Barry H. AU - Mihuc, Timothy T2 - Lake Champlain: Partnerships and Research in the New Millennium PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4757-4080-6_13 SP - 241-257 OP - PB - Springer US SN - 9781441934499 9781475740806 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4080-6_13 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Sediment and Phosphorus Loads from Streambank Erosion in Vermont, USA AU - DeWolfe, Matthew N. AU - Hession, W. Cully AU - Watzin, Mary C. T2 - World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004 AB - Streambank erosion is a poorly characterized, though potentially important, nonpoint source of sediment and phosphorus contributing to water quality degradation in Vermont. We conducted field research to obtain quantitative estimates of sediment and phosphorus loads due to streambank erosion on ten stream reaches in the Lake Champlain Basin of Vermont. Results were placed in context by comparison to simulated phosphorus and sediment loads from other nonpoint sources using the EUTROMOD watershed model and loading coefficients. Streambank erosion rates, while variable between stream reaches, were moderate (average 0.26 m/year) compared to published results for similar-sized watersheds. The importance of streambank erosion relative to other nonpoint sources of sediment and phosphorus was also highly variable between stream reaches, ranging from the smallest to the largest single contributor. C2 - 2004/6/25/ C3 - Critical Transitions in Water and Environmental Resources Management DA - 2004/6/25/ DO - 10.1061/40737(2004)436 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784407370 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)436 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Evaluating Aquatic Habitat Quality Using Channel Morphology and Multiscale-Scale Modeling Techniques AU - Cianfrani, C. AU - Hession, W. C. AU - Watzin, M. T2 - World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004 AB - Fifteen streams in Northwestern Vermont spanning five geomorphic classes: stable, and unstable through change in planform, widening, aggrading, and degrading, (according to the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Geomorphic Assessment (RGA) Protocols) were surveyed to assess the linkages between channel morphology and aquatic habitat quality. Detailed channel surveys were completed including cross sectional and longitudinal profiles, substrate samples, and Rapid Geomorphic Assessments. Habitat assessments included measures of substrate availability, embeddedness, presence of large woody debris and Rapid Habitat Assessments (RHA). Simple regression analysis of geomorphic parameters and habitat parameters shows that the RGA explains a significant amount of the variance in the RHA. In the second stage of this project, watershed-scale modeling was completed for each watershed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model was calibrated and validated using gauged watersheds within the study region (Lake Champlain Basin). The model was used to generate stream hydrographs and basic watershed parameters (landuse summaries, runoff, sediment loading, etc.) for each watershed in the study. The model was executed for existing landuse and, in the future, will beused to predict impacts of landuse change. Watershed parameters were regressed with geomorphic and habitat condition to assess the ability of watershed-level characteristics to impact in-stream condition. C2 - 2004/6/25/ C3 - Critical Transitions in Water and Environmental Resources Management DA - 2004/6/25/ DO - 10.1061/40737(2004)397 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers SN - 9780784407370 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)397 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tits, noise and urban bioacoustics AU - Katti, Madhusudan AU - Warren, Paige S T2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution AB - Humans, particularly in cities, are noisy. Researchers are only just beginning to identify the implications of an increase in noise for species that communicate acoustically. In a recent paper, Slabbekoorn and Peet show, for the first time, that some birds can respond to anthropogenically elevated noise levels by altering the frequency structure of their songs. Cities are fruitful grounds for research on the evolution of animal communication systems, with broader implications for conservation in human-altered environments. DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// DO - 10.1016/j.tree.2003.12.006 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 109-110 J2 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution LA - en OP - SN - 0169-5347 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2003.12.006 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Linking Optimal Foraging Behavior to Bird Community Structure in an Urban‐Desert Landscape: Field Experiments with Artificial Food Patches AU - Shochat, Eyal AU - Lerman, Susannah B. AU - Katti, Madhusudan AU - Lewis, David B. T2 - The American Naturalist AB - Urban bird communities exhibit high population densities and low species diversity, yet mechanisms behind these patterns remain largely untested. We present results from experimental studies of behavioral mechanisms underlying these patterns and provide a test of foraging theory applied to urban bird communities. We measured foraging decisions at artificial food patches to assess how urban habitats differ from wildlands in predation risk, missed-opportunity cost, competition, and metabolic cost. By manipulating seed trays, we compared leftover seed (giving-up density) in urban and desert habitats in Arizona. Deserts exhibited higher predation risk than urban habitats. Only desert birds quit patches earlier when increasing the missed-opportunity cost. House finches and house sparrows coexist by trading off travel cost against foraging efficiency. In exclusion experiments, urban doves were more efficient foragers than passerines. Providing water decreased digestive costs only in the desert. At the population level, reduced predation and higher resource abundance drive the increased densities in cities. At the community level, the decline in diversity may involve exclusion of native species by highly efficient urban specialists. Competitive interactions play significant roles in structuring urban bird communities. Our results indicate the importance and potential of mechanistic approaches for future urban bird community studies. DA - 2004/8// PY - 2004/8// DO - 10.1086/422222 VL - 164 IS - 2 SP - 232-243 J2 - The American Naturalist LA - en OP - SN - 0003-0147 1537-5323 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/422222 DB - Crossref KW - bird communities KW - Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research project KW - coexistence KW - community structure KW - giving-up density KW - urban ecology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seeing the forest for the fuel AU - Pattanayak, Subhrendu K. AU - Sills, Erin O. AU - Kramer, Randall A. T2 - Environment and Development Economics AB - We demonstrate a new approach to understanding the role of fuelwood in the rural household economy by applying insights from travel cost modeling to author-compiled household survey data and meso-scale environmental statistics from Ruteng Park in Flores, Indonesia. We characterize Manggarai farming households' fuelwood collection trips as inputs into household production of the utility yielding service of cooking and heating. The number of trips taken by households depends on the shadow price of fuelwood collection or the travel cost, which is endogenous. Econometric analyses using truncated negative binomial regression models and correcting for endogeneity show that the Manggarai are ‘economically rational’ about fuelwood collection and access to the forests for fuelwood makes substantial contributions to household welfare. Increasing cost of forest access, wealth, use of alternative fuels, ownership of kerosene stoves, trees on farm, park staff activity, primary schools and roads, and overall development could all reduce dependence on collecting fuelwood from forests. DA - 2004/4/2/ PY - 2004/4/2/ DO - 10.1017/S1355770X03001220 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 155-179 J2 - Envir. Dev. Econ. LA - en OP - SN - 1355-770X 1469-4395 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X03001220 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CONF TI - Monitoring exposure to point-source aerosolized contaminants: Can we continue to assume they are well mixed? AU - Richmond-Bryant, J. AU - Eisner, A.D. AU - Brixey, L.A. AU - Wiener, R.W. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology 2004 DA - 2004/// SP - 693-709 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-19944381858&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Teaching Students to Make Better Decisions About the Environment: Lessons From the Decision Sciences AU - Arvai, J.L. AU - Campbell, V.E.A. AU - Baird, A. AU - Rivers, L. T2 - Journal of Environmental Education AB - One of the fundamental goals of environmental education (EE) is to equip students with the skills to make more thoughtful decisions about environmental issues. Many examples of environmental and science education curricula work to address this goal by providing students with up-to-date information about a myriad of environmental issues from a variety of scientific disciplines. As noted by previous researchers in EE, an emphasis on scientific information, however, does not help to overcome many of the barriers to improved decision making. To help students become better environmental decision makers, educators must also work to incorporate lessons about decision making in conventional EE curricula. This article provides an overview of findings from the decision sciences and behavioral decision research to highlight some of the most common impediments to high-quality decision making. The authors end with suggestions for curriculum development that might help to improve students' decision-making skills regarding environmental issues. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.3200/JOEE.36.1.33-44 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 33-44 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85010763758&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - RPRT TI - Extension Forestry Exhibit AU - Bardon, R.E. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - MGZN TI - Cost sharing assistance: find out more AU - Bardon, R.E. T2 - Forest Landowners DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 63 SP - 33 M1 - 2 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Hardwood crop tree release: intermediate stand treatments on an individual tree basis AU - Bardon, R.E. T2 - Forest Landowners DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 63 SP - 13-15 M1 - 2 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Management approaches for hardwoods in the south AU - Robison, D.J. AU - Bardon, R.E. AU - Cubbage, F.W. AU - Frederick, D. AU - Moorman, C. AU - Schuler, J.L. AU - Harper, C.A. AU - Siry, J. T2 - Forest Landowners DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 63 SP - 5 M1 - 2 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Tree planting guide AU - Bardon, R.E. AU - Neill, K. AU - Hardin, R. A3 - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service ER - TY - CONF TI - Enhancing the Southern Appalachian Symposium Proceedings T2 - The Southern Appalachian Symposium A2 - Moore, S.E. A2 - Bardon, R.E. C2 - 2004/// C3 - The Southern Appalachian Symposium Proceedings CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - NC State University UR - http://www.ncsu.edu/feop/symposium/proceedings_2003 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Visualizing leisure AU - Stewart, W.P. AU - Floyd, M.F. T2 - Journal of Leisure Research DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 445-460 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-12344265727&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Understanding the relationship between race and leisure activities and constraints: Exploring an alternative framework AU - Shinew, K.J. AU - Floyd, M.F. AU - Parry, D. T2 - Leisure Sciences AB - Abstract This study addresses the continuing relevance of race as a persistent societal issue in the U.S., and tackles criticism (Floyd, 1998 Floyd, M. F. 1998. Getting beyond marginality and ethnicity: The challenge for race and ethnic studies in leisure research. Journal of Leisure Research, 30: 3–22. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Henderson & Ainsworth, 2001 Henderson, K. A. and Ainsworth, B. E. 2001. Researching leisure and physical activity with women of color: Issues and emerging questions. Leisure Sciences, 23: 21–34. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Philipp, 1995 Philipp, S. F. 1995. Race and leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 17: 109–120. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) regarding the lack of models to guide research that links race and leisure constraints. Shaw's (1994) Shaw, S. M. 1994. Gender, leisure and constraint: Towards a framework for the analysis of women's leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 26: 8–22. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] framework for analyzing women's leisure is explored as a potential vehicle for understanding racial variation in leisure constraints. More specifically, leisure constraints and preferences of African-Americans and Caucasians were examined, and some of the findings challenge the results of previous studies by suggesting African-Americans are not as constrained as are Caucasians. Our findings do, however, support previous research that indicates the two racial groups have distinct leisure preferences. Several explanations for the findings are discussed, particularly the concept of resistance as introduced by Shaw (1994) Shaw, S. M. 1994. Gender, leisure and constraint: Towards a framework for the analysis of women's leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 26: 8–22. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]. Keywords: constraintsleisure modelsraceracial variationsresistance DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1080/01490400490432109 VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 181-199 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2342539677&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - constraints KW - leisure models KW - race KW - racial variations KW - resistance ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of risk perceptions on intentions to travel in the aftermath of september 11, 2001 AU - Floyd, M.F. AU - Gibson, H. AU - Pennington-Gray, L. AU - Thapa, B. T2 - Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing AB - Abstract This study examined the relationship between perceived risk and travel intentions among residents in the New York City area. The timing of the survey (November 2001) provided opportunity to examine the effect of perceived risk on travel intentions during the period of aftershock following September 11, 2001. The study found that intentions to take a pleasure trip in the next 12 months (at the time of the survey) was related to safety concerns, perceived social risk, travel experience and income. Results from the study hold potential for better understanding risk perceptions and their impact on travel behavior and in the marketing of travel services during periods of uncertainty like that following September 11, 2001 Key Words: Social risktravel experiencemarketingtravel servicesrisk perception DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1300/J073v15n02_02 VL - 15 IS - 2-3 SP - 19-38 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85017225340&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Profiling risk perceptions of tourists AU - Floyd, M.F. AU - Pennington-Gray, L. T2 - Annals of Tourism Research DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1016/j.annals.2004.03.011 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 1051-1054 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-10244234136&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - A forest growth and biomass module for a landscape simulation model, LANDIS: design, validation, and application AU - Scheller, RM AU - Mladenoff, DJ T2 - ECOLOGICAL MODELLING AB - Predicting the long-term dynamics of forest systems depends on understanding multiple processes that often operate at vastly different scales. Disturbance and seed dispersal are landscape-scale phenomena and are spatially linked across the landscape. Ecosystem processes (e.g., growth and decomposition) have high annual and inter-specific variation and are generally quantified at the scale of a forest stand. To link these widely scaled processes, we used biomass (living and dead) as an integrating variable that provides feedbacks between disturbance and ecosystem processes and feedbacks among multiple disturbances. We integrated a simple model of biomass growth, mortality, and decay into LANDIS, a spatially dynamic landscape simulation model. The new biomass module was statically linked to PnET-II, a generalized ecosystem process model. The combined model simulates disturbances (fire, wind, harvesting), dispersal, forest biomass growth and mortality, and inter- and intra-specific competition. We used the model to quantify how fire and windthrow alter forest succession, living biomass and dead biomass across an artificial landscape representative of northern Wisconsin, USA. In addition, model validation and a sensitivity analysis were conducted. DA - 2004/12/10/ PY - 2004/12/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.01.022 VL - 180 IS - 1 SP - 211-229 SN - 1872-7026 KW - forest biomass KW - aboveground net primary productivity KW - fire regime KW - wind throw KW - succession KW - shade tolerance KW - LANDIS KW - PnET-II ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hyperspectral versus multispectral data for estimating leaf area index in four different biomes AU - Lee, KS AU - Cohen, WB AU - Kennedy, RE AU - Maiersperger, TK AU - Gower, ST T2 - REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT AB - Motivated by the increasing importance of hyperspectral remote sensing data, this study sought to determine whether current-generation narrow-band hyperspectral remote sensing data could better track vegetation leaf area index (LAI) than traditional broad-band multispectral data. The study takes advantage of a unique dataset, wherein field measurements of LAI were acquired at the same general time and grain size as both Landsat ETM+ and AVIRIS (Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) imagery in four different biomes. Biome types sampled included row-crop agriculture, tallgrass prairie, mixed hardwood-conifer forest, and boreal conifer forest. The effects of bandwidth, band placement, and number of bands were isolated from radiometric quality by comparing regression models derived from individual AVIRIS channels with those derived from simulated ETM+ and MODIS channels using the AVIRIS data. Models with selected subsets of individual AVIRIS channels performed better to predict LAI than those based on the broadband datasets, although the potential to overfit models using the large number of available AVIRIS bands is a concern. Models based on actual ETM+ data were generally stronger than those based on simulated ETM+ data, suggesting that, for predicting LAI, ETM+ data suffer no penalty for having lower radiometric quality. NDVI was generally not sensitive to LAI at the four sites. Band placement of broad-band sensors (e.g., simulated ETM+ and MODIS) did not affect relationships with LAI, suggesting that there is no inherent advantage to MODIS spectral properties over those of ETM+ for estimating LAI. Spectral channels in the red-edge and shortwave-infrared regions were generally more important than those in the near-infrared for predicting LAI. DA - 2004/6/30/ PY - 2004/6/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.010 VL - 91 IS - 3-4 SP - 508-520 SN - 1879-0704 KW - hyperspectral KW - multispectral KW - LAI ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heterogeneity of light use efficiency in a northern Wisconsin forest: implications for modeling net primary production with remote sensing AU - Ahl, DE AU - Gower, ST AU - Mackay, DS AU - Burrows, SN AU - Norman, JM AU - Diak, GR T2 - REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT AB - Light use efficiency (LUE) models are often used with remotely sensed data products to estimate net primary production (NPP) from local to global scales. However, data on the variability of the LUE coefficient, ɛ, on the landscape are minimal and sometimes conflicting. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify and compare the variability of LUE among five forest cover types: aspen, northern hardwoods, red pine, forested wetland, and upland conifer; and (2) quantify the variability of ɛ between two years, 1999 and 2000, and relate differences to environmental conditions. The study site was in a northern temperate forest in Wisconsin, USA. Northern hardwood forests, primarily consisting of sugar maple, had the highest ɛ each year followed by aspen, red pine, forested wetlands, and upland conifer. NPP was estimated using radial growth measurements and published allometric equations. Absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) was estimated optically using a Li-Cor Plant Canopy Analyzer. Growing season ɛ of all forest cover types increased significantly from 0.42 in 1999 to 0.47 (gC MJ−1) in 2000. Annual ɛ of all forest cover types increased significantly from 0.33 in 1999 to 0.36 (gC MJ−1) in 2000. Growing season and annual ɛ differed significantly (p≤0.001) among forest cover types for each year. Future research should consider variations in LUE among mixtures of many land cover types, especially forested wetlands. Results from this study show that LUE models should consider species-specific efficiency factors rather than biome-specific factors. Remote sensing-based land cover classifications should also reflect species differences for this area if the classification map is used in estimating NPP with an LUE model. DA - 2004/10/30/ PY - 2004/10/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2004.07.003 VL - 93 IS - 1-2 SP - 168-178 SN - 1879-0704 KW - radiation use efficiency KW - land cover maps KW - classification KW - photosynthesis KW - absorbed radiation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Contribution of root respiration to soil surface CO2 flux in a boreal black spruce chronosequence AU - Bond-Lamberty, B AU - Wang, CK AU - Gower, ST T2 - TREE PHYSIOLOGY AB - We quantified the contributions of root respiration (RC) and heterotrophic respiration to soil surface CO2 flux (RS) by comparing trenched and untrenched plots in well-drained and poorly drained stands of a black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) fire chronosequence in northern Manitoba, Canada. Our objectives were to: (1) test different equations for modeling RS as a function of soil temperature; and (2) model annual RS and RC for the chronosequence from continuous soil temperature measurements. The choice of equation to model RS strongly affected annual RS and RC, with an Arrhenius-based model giving the best fit to the data, especially at low temperatures. Modeled values of annual RS were positively correlated with soil temperature at 2-cm depth and were affected by year of burn and trenching, but not by soil drainage. During the growing season, measured RC was low in May, peaked in late July and declined to low values by the end of the growing season. Annual RC was < 5% of RS in the recently burned stands, approximately 40% in the 21-year-old stands and 5-15% in the oldest (152-year-old) stands. Evidence suggests that RC may have been underestimated in the oldest stands, with residual root decay from trenching accounting for 5-10% of trenched plot RS at most sites. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1093/treephys/24.12.1387 VL - 24 IS - 12 SP - 1387-1395 SN - 1758-4469 KW - autotrophic respiration KW - boreal forest KW - heterotrophic respiration KW - modeling KW - trenched plots ER - TY - JOUR TI - Net primary production and net ecosystem production of a boreal black spruce wildfire chronosequence AU - Bond-Lamberty, B AU - Wang, CK AU - Gower, ST T2 - GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB - Abstract Net primary production (NPP) was measured in seven black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP)‐dominated sites comprising a boreal forest chronosequence near Thompson, Man., Canada. The sites burned between 1998 and 1850, and each contained separate well‐ and poorly drained stands. All components of NPP were measured, most for 3 consecutive years. Total NPP was low (50–100 g C m −2 yr −1 ) immediately after fire, highest 12–20 years after fire (332 and 521 g C m −2 yr −1 in the dry and wet stands, respectively) but 50% lower than this in the oldest stands. Tree NPP was highest 37 years after fire but 16–39% lower in older stands, and was dominated by deciduous seedlings in the young stands and by black spruce trees (>85%) in the older stands. The chronosequence was unreplicated but these results were consistent with 14 secondary sites sampled across the landscape. Bryophytes comprised a large percentage of aboveground NPP in the poorly drained stands, while belowground NPP was 0–40% of total NPP. Interannual NPP variability was greater in the youngest stands, the poorly drained stands, and for understory and detritus production. Net ecosystem production (NEP), calculated using heterotrophic soil and woody debris respiration data from previous studies in this chronosequence, implied that the youngest stands were moderate C sources (roughly, 100 g C m −2 yr −1 ), the middle‐aged stands relatively strong sinks (100–300 g C m −2 yr −1 ), and the oldest stands about neutral with respect to the atmosphere. The ecosystem approach employed in this study provided realistic estimates of chronosequence NPP and NEP, demonstrated the profound impact of wildfire on forest–atmosphere C exchange, and emphasized the need to account for soil drainage, bryophyte production, and species succession when modeling boreal forest C fluxes. DA - 2004/4// PY - 2004/4// DO - 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.0742.x VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 473-487 SN - 1365-2486 KW - black spruce KW - boreal forest KW - carbon cycling KW - net ecosystem production KW - net primary production KW - Picea mariana ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of logging on carbon dynamics of a jack pine forest in Saskatchewan, Canada AU - Howard, EA AU - Gower, ST AU - Foley, JA AU - Kucharik, CJ T2 - GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB - Abstract We calculated carbon budgets for a chronosequence of harvested jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stands (0‐, 5‐, 10‐, and∼29‐year‐old) and a∼79‐year‐old stand that originated after wildfire. We measured total ecosystem C content (TEC), above‐, and belowground net primary productivity (NPP) for each stand. All values are reported in order for the 0‐, 5‐, 10‐, 29‐, and 79‐year‐old stands, respectively, for May 1999 through April 2000. Total annual NPP (NPP T ) for the stands (Mg C ha −1 yr −1 ±1 SD) was 0.9±0.3, 1.3±0.1, 2.7±0.6, 3.5±0.3, and 1.7±0.4. We correlated periodic soil surface CO 2 fluxes ( R S ) with soil temperature to model annual R S for the stands (Mg C ha −1 yr −1 ±1 SD) as 4.4±0.1, 2.4±0.0, 3.3±0.1, 5.7±0.3, and 3.2±0.2. We estimated net ecosystem productivity (NEP) as NPP T minus R H (where R H was calculated using a Monte Carlo approach as coarse woody debris respiration plus 30–70% of total annual R S ). Excluding C losses during wood processing, NEP (Mg C ha −1 yr −1 ±1 SD) for the stands was estimated to be −1.9±0.7, −0.4±0.6, 0.4±0.9, 0.4±1.0, and −0.2±0.7 (negative values indicate net sources to the atmosphere.) We also calculated NEP values from the changes in TEC among stands. Only the 0‐year‐old stand showed significantly different NEP between the two methods, suggesting a possible mismatch for the chronosequence. The spatial and methodological uncertainties allow us to say little for certain except that the stand becomes a source of C to the atmosphere following logging. DA - 2004/8// PY - 2004/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00804.x VL - 10 IS - 8 SP - 1267-1284 SN - 1365-2486 KW - boreal forest KW - carbon sequestration KW - forest management KW - net ecosystem productivity KW - net primary productivity KW - Pinus banksiana ER - TY - JOUR TI - A global relationship between the heterotrophic and autotrophic components of soil respiration? AU - Bond-Lamberty, B AU - Wang, CK AU - Gower, ST T2 - GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB - Abstract Soil surface CO 2 flux ( R S ) is overwhelmingly the product of respiration by roots (autotrophic respiration, R A ) and soil organisms (heterotrophic respiration, R H ). Many studies have attempted to partition R S into these two components, with highly variable results. This study analyzes published data encompassing 54 forest sites and shows that R A and R H are each strongly ( R 2 >0.8) correlated to annual R S across a wide range of forest ecosystems. Monte Carlo simulation showed that these correlations were significantly stronger than any correlation introduced as an artefact of measurement method. Biome type, measurement method, mean annual temperature, soil drainage, and leaf habit were not significant. For sites with available data, there was a significant ( R 2 =0.56) correlation between total detritus input and R H , while R A was unrelated to net primary production. We discuss why R A and R H might be related to each other on large scales, as both ultimately depend on forest carbon balance and photosynthate supply. Limited data suggest that these or similar relationships have broad applicability in other ecosystem types. Site‐specific measurements are always more desirable than the application of inferred broad relationships, but belowground measurements are difficult and expensive, while measuring R S is straightforward and commonly done. Thus the relationships presented here provide a useful method that can help constrain estimates of terrestrial carbon budgets. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00816.x VL - 10 IS - 10 SP - 1756-1766 SN - 1365-2486 KW - autotrophic respiration KW - carbon cycling KW - heterotrophic respiration KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - root respiration KW - soil CO2 flux ER - TY - CHAP TI - Snowshoe hares in a dynamic managed landscape AU - Griffin, P. C. AU - Mills, L. S. T2 - Species conservation and management : case studies A2 - Editors H. R. Akcakaya, M. A. Burgman A2 - O. Kindvall, C. Wood A2 - P. Sjogren-Gulve, J. Hatfield A2 - McCarthy, M. A. PY - 2004/// PB - New York : Oxford University Press SN - 9780195166460 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent record of a cougar (Puma concolor) in Louisiana, with notes on diet, based on analysis of fecal materials AU - Leberg, PL AU - Carloss, MR AU - Dugas, LJ AU - Pilgrim, KL AU - Mills, LS AU - Green, MC AU - Scognamillo, D T2 - SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST AB - We report a sighting, supported by DNA evidence from a scat, of a cougar (Puma concolor) in southeastern Louisiana. The 16S-rRNA genotype obtained from mtDNA is one that is common throughout North America, making it difficult to determine the origin of the individual. Based on DNA and hair scale analysis, the scat contained the partially digested remains of a dog (Canis familiaris) and an eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), indicating that the individual was successfully foraging on locally occurring prey. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1656/1528-7092(2004)003[0653:rroacp]2.0.co;2 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 653-658 SN - 1938-5412 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Edge effects and isolation: Red-backed voles revisited AU - Tallmon, DA AU - Mills, LS T2 - CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB - Abstract: We examined demographic responses of California red‐backed voles ( Clethrionomys californicus ) to forest fragmentation in southwestern Oregon at sites where this species has previously shown negative responses to fragmentation. Voles were captured in live traps and released. Voles were rarely caught in clearcuts surrounding 11 forest fragments, but relative vole density did not decrease from the forest‐fragment interiors to edges. The first result agrees with previous findings at these sites 6 years earlier, but the latter result does not. There was no evidence that vole response to edge changes with fragment age. Two years of intensive mark‐recapture efforts at two forest‐fragment sites and two unfragmented (control) sites did not show negative effects of fragmentation on vole survival, an important demographic rate. Vole capture probabilities varied greatly across space and time on these four sites, which may explain the differences in vole responses to edge seen between this and the previous study. These results suggest that reliable appraisal of edge effects may be difficult for many species on small fragments because the data necessary to apply population estimators require great efforts to obtain and the use of indices leads to a confounding of detection probabilities with demographic change. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00439.x VL - 18 IS - 6 SP - 1658-1664 SN - 1523-1739 KW - abundance KW - density KW - edge effects KW - habitat fragmentation KW - metareplication KW - relative density KW - survival ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping the risk of establishment and spread of sudden oak death in California AU - Meentemeyer, R AU - Rizzo, D AU - Mark, W AU - Lotz, E T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - Sudden oak death, caused by the recently described pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, is an emerging forest disease that has reached epidemic levels in coastal forests of central California. We present a rule-based model of P. ramorum establishment and spread risk in California plant communities. The model, which is being used as a management tool to target threatened forests for early-detection monitoring and protection, incorporates the effects of spatial and temporal variability of multiple variables on pathogen persistence. Model predictions are based on current knowledge of host susceptibility, pathogen reproduction, and pathogen transmission with particular regard to host species distribution and climate suitability. Maps of host species distributions and monthly weather conditions were spatially analyzed in a GIS and parameterized to encode the magnitude and direction of each variable's effect on disease establishment and spread. Spread risk predictions were computed for each month of the pathogen's general reproductive season and averaged to generate a cumulative risk map (Fig. 6a and b). The model identifies an alarming number of uninfected forest ecosystems in California at considerable risk of infection by Phytophthora ramorum. This includes, in particular, a broad band of high risk north of Sonoma County to the Oregon border, a narrow band of high risk south of central Monterey County south to central San Luis Obispo County, and scattered areas of moderate and high risk in the Sierra Nevada foothills in Butte and Yuba counties. Model performance was evaluated by comparing spread risk predictions to field observations of disease presence and absence. Model predictions of spread risk were consistent with disease severity observed in the field, with modeled risk significantly higher at currently infested locations than at uninfested locations (P < 0.01, n = 323). Based on what is known about the ecology and epidemiology of sudden oak death, this model provides a simple and effective management tool for identifying emergent infections before they become established. DA - 2004/10/25/ PY - 2004/10/25/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.021 VL - 200 IS - 1-3 SP - 195-214 SN - 1872-7042 KW - Phytophthora ramorum KW - oak mortality KW - disease spread KW - risk modeling KW - early-detection monitoring ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sustainability indicators as a communicative tool: Building bridges in Pennsylvania AU - Beratan, K. AU - Kabala, S. J. AU - Loveless, S. M. AU - Martin, P. J. S. AU - Spyke, N. P. T2 - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 94 IS - 1-3 SP - 179-191 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developing a strategic plan for future hunting participation in Texas AU - Adams, CE AU - Brown, RD AU - Higginbotham, BJ T2 - WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN AB - This paper describes a 5-year planning process that addressed the decline of hunting participation in Texas. We began the planning process by examining 20 years of research that revealed a decline in hunting participation and factors contributing to the decline. We convened a Hunting Think Tank meeting where we presented the 20-year trend data to 30 individuals with vested interests in the future of hunting in Texas. One outcome of the first meeting was the development of a synthesis brochure, “The Future of Hunting in Texas,” to educate the hunting public and stakeholders about current trends and future implications and build support for the need to develop a strategic plan. The Future of Hunting information and brochure were presented to the Hunting Advisory Board of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, after which the Board added development of a strategic plan to its agenda. In fact, the 2002 Governor's Hunting Heritage Symposium was delayed one year until a strategic plan was developed. Group Solutions was hired to survey the hunting and nonhunting public about the future of hunting in Texas. Its survey data were used to define content of the strategic plan during a 2-day meeting of 60 invited stakeholders before the annual conference of the Texas Wildlife Association. The strategic plan included, among other things, all issues and problems associated with the decline in hunting participation in Texas, an action plan to address the decline, and the requirements needed to activate the plan. Several other valuable outcomes derived from the planning process, beyond development of the Strategic Plan, were included in this report. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1156:DASPFF]2.0.CO;2 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 1156-1165 SN - 0091-7648 KW - hunter decline KW - hunting heritage KW - stakeholders KW - strategic plan KW - Texas ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Watershed-Scale Model for Predicting Nonpoint Pollution Risk in North Carolina AU - Potter, Kevin M. AU - Cubbage, Frederick W. AU - Blank, Gary B. AU - Schaberg, Rex H. T2 - Environmental Management DA - 2004/5/13/ PY - 2004/5/13/ DO - 10.1007/s00267-004-0117-7 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 62-74 J2 - Environmental Management LA - en OP - SN - 0364-152X 1432-1009 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0117-7 DB - Crossref KW - nonpoint source pollution KW - ecological risk assessment KW - aquatic ecosystems KW - land use planning KW - water quality KW - forest cover ER - TY - JOUR TI - The quest for trophies: Cloning is a step too far AU - Thomas, J. W. AU - Teer, J. G. AU - Brown, R. D. T2 - Fair Chase DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - Fall SP - 15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The 2003 Fraser fir freshness survey AU - Frampton, J. AU - Owen, J. AU - Hazel, D. AU - Braham, A. M. AU - Li, J. T2 - Limbs & Needles DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 16-21 ER - TY - CONF TI - Proceedings of the 6th International Christmas Tree Research & Extension Conference: September 14-19, 2003, Kanuga Conference Center, Herdersonville, NC C2 - 2004/// C3 - Conference Proceedings DA - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hardwood plantations and enrichment planting AU - Schuler, J. AU - Robison, D. T2 - Forest Landowner DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 63 IS - 2 SP - 21-25 ER - TY - MPCT TI - Hardwood plantations and enrichment planting DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - TI - FOR 490/601/801 NR 601 Class Web site AU - Frampton, J. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exotic fir research in North Carolina AU - Frampton, J. T2 - Exotic Conifer News DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 5-8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of cutting storage conditions during planting operations on the survival and biomass production of four willow (Salix L.) clones AU - Volk, TA AU - Ballard, B AU - Robison, DJ AU - Abrahamson, LP T2 - NEW FORESTS DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.1023/B:NEFO.0000031334.86593.4e VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 63-78 SN - 0169-4286 KW - adventitious roots KW - budbreak KW - short-rotation woody crops KW - vegetative propagation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Economics of hardwood management AU - Siry, J. AU - Robison, D. AU - Cubbage, F. T2 - Forest Landowner DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 63 IS - 2 SP - 32-34 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Production of short rotation woody crops grown with a range of nutrient and water availability: establishment report and 1st-yr responses AU - Coleman, M. AU - Coyle, D. AU - Blake, J. AU - Britton, K. AU - Buford, M. AU - Campbell, B. AU - Cox, J. AU - Cregg, B. AU - Daniels, R. AU - Jacobson, M. AU - Johnsen, K. AU - McDonald, T. AU - McLeod, K. AU - Nelson, E. AU - Robison, D. AU - Rummer, R. AU - Sanchez, P. AU - Stanturf, J. AU - al., A3 - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - SRS-72 PB - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station ER - TY - CONF TI - Knowledge transfer and attitude adjustment through experiential learning AU - Moore, S. E. AU - Grantham, J. AU - Townsend, B. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Communication strategies for multiple partner involvement in forestry extension : proceedings of the 7th Extension Working Party Symposium : 27 September-1 October 2004, Orvieto and Rome, Italy DA - 2004/// VL - 7 SP - 230-244 PB - Orvieto, Italy: International Union of Forestry Research Organizations ER - TY - JOUR TI - Video-teleconference continuing education program for professional foresters at North Carolina State University AU - Bardon, R. E. AU - Moore, S. E. T2 - Journal of Extension DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of infrared loading and water table on soil energy fluxes in northern peatlands AU - Noormets, A AU - Chen, JQ AU - Bridgham, SD AU - Weltzin, JF AU - Pastor, J AU - Dewey, B AU - LeMoine, J T2 - ECOSYSTEMS DA - 2004/8// PY - 2004/8// DO - 10.1007/s10021-004-0013-2 VL - 7 IS - 5 SP - 573-582 SN - 1435-0629 KW - heat flux KW - infrared loading KW - mesocosm KW - net radiation KW - soil energy balance KW - wetland ER - TY - JOUR TI - A working framework for quantifying carbon sequestration in disturbed land mosaics AU - Chen, Jiquan AU - Brosofske, Kimberley D. AU - Noormets, Asko AU - Crow, Thomas R. AU - Bresee, Mary K. AU - Le Moine, James M. AU - Euskirchen, Eugenie S. AU - Mather, Steve V. AU - Zheng, Daolan T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.1007/s00267-003-9131-4 VL - 33 SP - S210-S221 SN - 0364-152X KW - carbon flux KW - land mosaics KW - management and disturbance KW - eddy-covariance method KW - ecosystem modeling KW - soil respiration ER - TY - JOUR TI - Producing rooted cutting reforestation stock of Loblolly pine: progress and challenges AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - LeBude, A. AU - Gocke, M. AU - Li, B. AU - Isik, F. AU - McKeand, S. T2 - IEG-40 Meeting DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - RPRT TI - Partners for environmental justice: a history AU - Andrews, R. AU - Bell, D. AU - Cavalieri, S. AU - Dixon, T. AU - Dumond, M. AU - Laffitte, L. AU - Mance, K. AU - Townsend, B. AU - Steelman, T. A3 - Raleigh: Department of Forestry, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Raleigh: Department of Forestry, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University ER - TY - JOUR TI - Innovative community responses to wildfire risk AU - Steelman, T. A. AU - Kunkel, G. AU - Bell, D. T2 - Southwest Community Forestry Research Center Newsletter DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// IS - 7 SP - 1-2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hybrid heterosis of Larix decidua and L. leptolepis in US and implications on breeding strategies AU - Li, B. AU - Belonger, P. AU - Isik, F. T2 - Proceedings of International Symposium Larix DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetics of Mediterranean conifers: a brief report on three conifer species in Turkey AU - Isik, K. Ozturk AU - H., Isik AU - F., AU - Siklar, S. T2 - IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic variation in physiochemical wood properties in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) AU - Sykes, R. AU - Isik, F. AU - Li, B. AU - Kadla, J. AU - Chang, H.-M. T2 - TAPPI Journal DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 2 IS - 12 SP - 3-8 ER - TY - CONF TI - Environmental factors that determine within-species variation AU - Isik, K. AU - Isik, F. AU - Kaya, N. AU - Semiz, G. V. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Turkish Red Pine National Ecology and Environment Congress DA - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficiency of clones versus seedlings for correlated response of wood density AU - Isik, F. AU - Li, B. AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Frampton, J. AU - McKeand, S. T2 - IEG-40 Meeting DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deployment issues: what kinds of research, development and demonstration activities are needed to address critical topics, such as public concerns, performance monitoring, and technologies for merchandising harvested clones? AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - LeBude, A. V. AU - Cumbie, W. P. AU - Isik, F. AU - Li, B. T2 - Agenda 2020 Technology Summit II: Meeting the Challenge of Deployment DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cloned progeny testing for within-family selection in forest tree improvement programs AU - Isik, F. AU - Li, B. AU - Goldfarb, B. T2 - IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2: Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 2 ER - TY - CONF TI - Breeding and selection strategies for full-sib families and clones in Loblolly pine AU - Li, B. AU - Jansson, G. AU - Isik, F. AU - Godlfarb, B. C2 - 2004/// C3 - IEG-40 Meeting DA - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Tracking down the effects of a rare mutant gene in loblolly pine: a first report AU - Yu, Q. AU - Capanema, E. AU - Batista, V. B. AU - Josserand, S. AU - Johnson, G. AU - Nelson, C. D. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - MacKay, J. J. AU - Kadla, J. F. AU - Li, B. AU - Jameel, H. AU - Chang, H.-M AU - Mullin, T. J. C2 - 2004/// C3 - 2004 Paper Summit, Spring Technical and International Environmental Conference DA - 2004/// PB - CD-ROM published by TAPPI, Norcross, GA ER - TY - CONF TI - Ten-year response of diverse families of loblolly pine to fertilization AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Grissom, J. E. AU - Allen, H. L. AU - Bullock, B. P. A2 - Li, B. A2 - McKeand, S. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future, IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2, Conference Proceedings DA - 2004/// SP - 453-455 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Survey results from NC State University AU - Sills, E. AU - Estevez, R. T2 - Pine Tips: Newsletter of the Eastern NC Christmas Tree Growers Association DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Silviculture and genetic impacts on productivity of loblolly pine in the southern United States AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Allen, H. L. A2 - Li, B. A2 - McKeand, S. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future, IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2, Conference Proceedings DA - 2004/// SP - 373-374 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reflections on West Africa AU - Sills, E. AU - Pattanayak, S. T2 - Sylvanet DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phenotypic plasticity of fine roots increases plant productivity in pine seedlings AU - Wu, R. AU - Grissom, J. E. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - O'Malley, D. M. T2 - BMC Ecology DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 4 SP - 14 ER - TY - CONF TI - Outreach to limited resource forest landowners: extension innovation for low literacy audiences AU - Mance, K. AU - Sills, E. AU - Warren, S. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Human Dimensions of Family, Farm, and Community Forestry DA - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Microarray analysis of gene expression in OP pine families in field plantings AU - Whetten, R. W. AU - Li, Z. AU - McKeand, S. E. A2 - Li, B. A2 - McKeand, S. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future, IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2, Conference Proceedings DA - 2004/// SP - 257-269 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Key deer fawn response to urbanization: is sustainable development possible? AU - Peterson, MN AU - Lopez, RR AU - Frank, PA AU - Porter, BA AU - Silvy, NJ T2 - WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN AB - Assuming that a finite biosphere can support infinite development seems logically indefensible, yet the concept of sustainable development has become a dominant conservation paradigm. The story of the endangered Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) appears to support the legitimacy of sustainable development because Key deer numbers have increased 240% since 1970 while at the same time human numbers in their habitat increased nearly 10-fold. Because fawn mortality is considered the primary density-dependent factor regulating cervid populations as they approach K-carrying capacity, we hypothesized that changes in fawn demographics could elucidate the fallacy in assuming that development was sustainable on Big Pine Key. We determined and compared survival and range sizes for Key deer fawns between 1968–1972 (early urban development) and 1998–2002 (post-urban development). Fawn ranges (95% probability area, 149 to 33 ha) and core areas (50% probability area, 25 to 6 ha) decreased during this period of development while 6-month survival increased (0.47 to 0.96). All fawn mortality was due to anthropogenic causes; the positive relationship between fawn survival and development may be a function of isolating fawns from anthropogenic mortality. If this is true, the relationship is not sustainable because as ranges continue to shrink, they eventually will lack sufficient resources to support a fawn. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[493:KDFRTU]2.0.CO;2 VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 493-499 SN - 0091-7648 KW - fawns KW - Florida KW - Key deer KW - Odocoileus virginianus clavium KW - range KW - survival KW - sustainable development KW - urban deer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Habitat use patterns of Florida Key deer: Implications of urban development AU - Lopez, RR AU - Silvy, NJ AU - Wilkins, RN AU - Frank, PA AU - Peterson, MJ AU - Peterson, MN T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB - Urban development in the Florida Keys, USA, mandates an understanding of how habitat requirements for Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) interact with vegetation changes caused by development. Our study objectives were to (1) determine Key deer habitat use at different spatial scales, (2) evaluate vegetation changes and identify vegetation types most threatened by development, and (3) provide guidelines to direct land acquisition programs in the future. We identified 6 vegetation types: pineland, hammock, developed, freshwater marsh, buttonwood, and mangrove. Key deer (n = 180; 84 F, 96 M) preferred upland vegetation types (>1 m above mean sea level; pineland, hammock, developed) and avoided tidal or lower-elevation areas (<1 m above mean sea level; freshwater marsh, buttonwood, mangrove). Analyses of Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages suggested that historical development impacted near-shore habitats while recent trends pose a greater risk to upland areas (pineland, hammock). Because uplands are preferred by Key deer, conservation measures that include land acquisition and habitat protection of these areas may be needed. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0900:HPOFKD]2.0.CO;2 VL - 68 IS - 4 SP - 900-908 SN - 1937-2817 KW - Florida Keys KW - habitat conservation planning KW - habitat use KW - Key deer KW - Odocoileus virginianus clavium KW - spatial KW - scale KW - urbanization KW - useable space ER - TY - CONF TI - Delivering on the promise of tree improvement in the southeastern United States AU - Mullin, T. AU - Li, B. AU - McKeand, S. A2 - Li, B. A2 - McKeand, S. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future, IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2, Conference Proceedings DA - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - An approach for demonstrating the social legitimacy of hunting AU - Peterson, MN T2 - WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN AB - Successful lobbying against certain hunting practices by animal-welfare and animal-rights groups and a steady decline in hunter recruitment, retention, and numbers raise legitimate concerns regarding the future of hunting and its relationship to wildlife management. The nonhunting, non-animal-rights-advocate majority will determine the fate of hunting. Thus, a successful hunting ethic must be logically consistent and intuitively appealing to this moderate majority. This shared ethic could encourage cultural, political, and economic support for wildlife management from both hunters and nonhunters alike. In light of this goal, I argue that 3 dominant hunting ethics—the naturalness hypothesis, the land ethic, and the sporting ethic—fail to justify hunting or place it in a shared context with modern society, and I suggest an alternative ethic that combines Aldo Leopold's vision of an expanding community with traditional utilitarian and rights-based evaluations of ethical criteria within an n-dimensional moral framework. This conceptualization of an ethical system would allow the use of tools applicable to systems analysis in analyzing moral issues and would foster communicative practices capable of creating a more inclusive community. Further, it can both create and elucidate the ethical space shared by the moderate majority and hunters. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[310:AAFDTS]2.0.CO;2 VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 310-321 SN - 2328-5540 KW - ethics KW - hunting KW - land ethic KW - morality KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - white-tailed deer ER - TY - JOUR TI - A tale of two species: Habitat conservation plans as bounded conflict AU - Peterson, MN AU - Allison, SA AU - Peterson, MJ AU - Peterson, TR AU - Lopez, RR T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB - Worldwide human population expansion and rising standards of living place increasing pressure on wildlife populations and their habitats. Conflict regarding conservation and preservation of endangered species is among the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Endangered species management on private lands magnifies the problems encountered by natural resource policy-makers and managers. Given that conservation of endangered species increasingly depends on securing cooperation of private property owners in local communities, understanding how to secure that cooperation is important. We used an ethnographic approach to critically review the Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) processes used in attempts to develop regional HCPs to benefit the Houston toad (Bufo houstonensis) and the Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium; hereafter, Key deer). In both cases, the process was framed as a search for the optimum solution through collaboration and consensus building, and in neither case was the solution achieved. The paradoxical nature of liberal democracy precluded the possibility of a single, ideal solution. Failing to find the optimal solution led to disillusionment and pessimism with the process among HCP participants. We suggest that within democratic political contexts, approaches to conservation planning that center around bounded conflict, which is rooted in acknowledgment of the paradox inherent to the ideals of liberty and equality, are more likely to produce satisfactory results than are consensus-based approaches. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0743:ATOTSH]2.0.CO;2 VL - 68 IS - 4 SP - 743-761 SN - 1937-2817 KW - Bufo houstonensis KW - communication KW - community-based conservation KW - conflict KW - consensus KW - democracy KW - endangered species KW - ethnography KW - Florida KW - habitat conservation planning KW - Houston toad KW - Key deer KW - Odocoileus virginianus clavium KW - property rights KW - social capital KW - Texas ER - TY - CONF TI - Topgrafting loblolly pine to accelerate breeding and deployment of genetic gain in the southern US AU - Cumbie, W. P. AU - Gerwig, D. AU - Lambeth, C. C. AU - Raley, M. AU - McKeand, S. A2 - Li, B. A2 - McKeand, S. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future, IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2, Conference Proceedings DA - 2004/// SP - 228 ER - TY - DATA TI - EC_Processor AU - Noormets, A. AU - Zhou, R. AU - Chen, J. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Deployment issues: what kinds of research, development and demonstration activities are needed to address critical topics, such as public concerns, performance monitoring, and technologies for merchandising harvested clones? AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - LeBude, A. V. AU - Cumbie, W. P. AU - Isik, F. AU - Li, B. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Conference Proceedings DA - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Cloned genotypes are more efficient than seedlings for indirect selection AU - Isik, F. AU - Li, B. AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Frampton, J. AU - McKeand, S. A2 - Li, B. A2 - McKeand, S. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future, IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2, Conference Proceedings DA - 2004/// SP - 465 ER - TY - CONF TI - Advance and Challenges in Clonal Forestry with Rooted Cuttings of Loblolly Pine AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - LeBude, A. AU - Isik, F. AU - McKeand, S. AU - Li, B. A2 - Li, B. A2 - McKeand, S. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future, IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2, Conference Proceedings DA - 2004/// SP - 41 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic improvement of Pinus virginiana Mill. for Christmas tree production AU - Frampton, J. AU - Isik, F. T2 - Forest Genetics DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 139 ER - TY - PAT TI - Genetic engineering of syringyl-enriched lignin in plants AU - Chiang, V. L. C. AU - Li, L. C2 - 2004/// DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Critical areas and their vulnerability to natural disasters in the basins of Molino Norte and San Francisco, Matagalpa, Nicaragua / Areas criticas y vulnerabilidad a desastres naturales en las subcuencas Molino Norte y San Francisco, Matagalpa, Nicaragua AU - Gonzalez-Sullow, N. E. AU - Jimenez, F. AU - Velasquez, S. AU - Camero, A. T2 - Recursos Naturales y Ambiente DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// IS - 41 SP - 34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sensitivity analysis of transportation corridor location in wetland areas: A multiobjective programming and GIS approach AU - Roise, J. P. AU - Shear, T. H. AU - Bianco, J. V. T2 - Wetlands Ecology and Management DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.1007/s11273-005-3949-x VL - 12 IS - 5 SP - 519-529 J2 - Wetlands Ecol Manage LA - en OP - SN - 0923-4861 1572-9834 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-005-3949-x DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrating historical ecology to restore a transitional Pinus palustris community AU - Blank, GB T2 - FOREST BIODIVERSITY: LESSONS FROM HISTORY FOR CONSERVATION AB - Restoration of a Piedmont transitional longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) site was undertaken in Wake County. North Carolina. Restoration followed a two-stage examination of land-use history and botanical composition. Factors affecting extant forest composition were identified, and desired characteristics of a restored longleaf stand were posited. Measurement of residual trees after the restoration harvest confirmed gradual, then rapid decline of longleaf recruitment, attributed to infilling by competitor tree species. Radical alteration of stand conditions to liberate longleaf trees resulted in mortality of some residuals but effected changes that would ensure biodiversity associated with longleaf pines in this transitional ecosystem. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1079/9780851998022.0221 VL - 10 SP - 221-232 ER - TY - CONF TI - Individual tree release and enrichment planting in young natural upland hardwoods AU - Robison, D. J. AU - Schuler, J. L. AU - Jervis, L. AU - Cox, J. L. AU - Birks, P. J. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference : Biloxi, Mississippi, February 24-28, 2003 DA - 2004/// PB - Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station ER - TY - CONF TI - Determining stocking levels in young, mixed hardwood stands in the North Carolina Piedmont AU - Schuler, J. L. AU - Robison, D. J. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference : Biloxi, Mississippi, February 24-28, 2003 DA - 2004/// PB - Asheville, NC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station ER - TY - JOUR TI - An approach to optimal wetland mitigation using mathematical programming and geographic information system based wetland function estimation AU - Roise, Joseph AU - Gainey, K. W. AU - Shear, Theodore T2 - Wetlands Ecology and Management DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1007/s11273-004-2437-z VL - 12 IS - 5 SP - 321 ER - TY - CONF TI - Enhancing the Southern Appalachian forest resource A2 - S. E. Moore, A2 - Bardon, R. E. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Symposium proceedings [CD-ROM] DA - 2004/// PB - Raleigh, NC: NC State University ER - TY - CHAP TI - Home ranges, cognitive maps, habitat models and fitness landscapes for Martes AU - Powell, R. A. T2 - Martens and fishers (Martes) in human-altered environments: An international perspective A2 - D. J. Harrison, A. K. Fuller A2 - Proulx, G. PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1007/0-387-22691-5_6 SP - 135-146 PB - New York: Springer Science SN - 0387226915 ER - TY - CHAP TI - The role of genetics and tree improvement in southern forest productivity AU - Schmidtling, R. C. AU - Robison, T. L. AU - McKeand, S. E. AU - Rousseau, R. J. AU - Allen, H. L AU - Goldfarb, B. T2 - Southern forest science: Past, present, future A2 - Rauscher, H. M. A2 - Johnsen, K. PY - 2004/// SP - 97-108 PB - Asheville, NC: Southern Research Station SN - 60843994 ER - TY - CHAP TI - The evolution of pine plantation silviculture in the southern United States AU - Fox, T. R. AU - Jokela, E. J. AU - Allen, H. L. T2 - Southern forest science: Past, present, future A2 - Rauscher, H. M. A2 - Johnsen, K. PY - 2004/// SP - 63-82 PB - Asheville, NC: Southern Research Station ER - TY - JOUR TI - Radiata pine response to tillage fertilization and weed control in Chile AU - Albaugh, T. J. AU - Rubilar, R. AU - Alvarez, J. AU - Allen, Howard T2 - Bosque AB - Se iniciaron en el ano 2000 ensayos para investigar la respuesta a la preparacion de suelos (pala vs. subsolado), control de malezas (sin control vs. dos anos en bandas) y fertilizacion (1,5 g de B por planta vs. 150 g de fosfato diamonico + 1,5 g de B por planta) al establecimiento de pino radiata (Pinus radiata D. Don) en Chile. Los ensayos se establecieron en sitios con suelos de cenizas volcanicas recientes, cenizas volcanicas antiguas (rojo arcillosos volcanicos), arenas volcanicas y sedimentos fluviales depositados sobre material granitico. El diseno experimental correspondio a parcelas divididas, donde areas con preparacion de suelos (parcelas principales) fueron divididas en parcelas con control de malezas y fertilizacion (subparcelas), considerando un area minima de tratamiento de 0,4 ha incluyendo buffers de 10 m entre parcelas. Mediciones de altura, diametro de cuello y diametro a la altura del pecho (DAP) fueron obtenidas durante tres anos, junto con muestreos foliares durante los dos primeros anos. Al tercer ano de crecimiento, todos los sitios presentaron respuestas positivas al control de malezas con un promedio de 3,1 cm en diametro y 1 m en altura. Respuestas positivas a la fertilizacion en altura (0,1 m) fueron obtenidas solo en sitios de arenas volcanicas; analisis foliares nutricionales revelaron una escasa absorcion de los nutrientes en la plantacion posiblemente dada una aplicacion tardia de los fertilizantes. El subsolado mostro respuestas positivas en suelos de arenas volcanicas y de sedimentos fluviales, sin embargo, la respuesta fue 95% y 42% menor a la obtenida para control de malezas en estos sitios respectivamente. El control de malezas y el subsolado redujeron la variabilidad en altura en todos los sitios. Nuestra hipotesis es que la temprana respuesta al control de malezas se mantendra hasta la edad de rotacion (curva tipo B) para sitios de cenizas volcanicas antiguas y en sedimentos fluviales sobre material granitico; no obstante, en sitios de cenizas volcanicas recientes y arenas volcanicas esta respuesta decrecera o desaparecera (curva tipo C) a la edad de rotacion. Indudablemente, en todos los sitios evaluados, el control de malezas es recomendable. La fertilizacion es recomendable junto con el control de malezas en sitios de arenas volcanicas. Por tanto, estudios adicionales son necesarios para determinar la epoca oportuna de fertilizacion que asegure una adecuada absorcion de los nutrientes por parte de la plantacion. El subsolado no es necesario en los sitios evaluados, sin embargo, efectos indirectos tales como: mejor accesibilidad, rendimiento y calidad de plantacion, deben ser cuantificados al evaluar los beneficios de esta actividad. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.4067/s0717-92002004000200002 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 5–15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efectos del clima y capacidad de almacenamiento de agua del suelo en la productividad de rodales de pino radiata en Chile: Un analisis utilizando el modelo 3-PG AU - Flores, F. J. AU - Allen, Howard T2 - Bosque AB - Resumen es: En Chile, pino radiata (Pinus radiata D. Don) ha sido plantado a lo largo de un amplio rango de suelos y climas, y las plantaciones exhiben amplias varia... DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.4067/s0717-92002004000300002 VL - 25 IS - 3 SP - 11–24 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Winter survival of lesser scaup in east-central Florida AU - Herring, G AU - Collazo, JA T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB - The North American continental population of lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) has been declining since the mid-1980s. Seasonal survival estimates may provide insights about the ecological basis for this decline, but such data are not available. We estimated post-harvest winter survival of lesser scaup in east-central Florida, USA, where 62% of the Atlantic Flyway population winters. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimate from 11 January to 14 March 2002 was 0.95 ± 0.04 (SE) for females and 0.90 ± 0.09 for males. These estimates were not different (P = 0.64), and pooled survival was 0.93 ± 0.04. Temporary emigration (movement out of and return to the study area) was exhibited by 25% of the birds during survey periods, but absences were short and were believed to have had little effect on precision of survival estimates. Our findings suggested that natural mortality at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR) and surrounding estuarine areas was relatively low. Our results also indicate that habitat quality in this portion of east-central Florida was sufficient to meet overwintering requirements and likely contributed to the reported survival rates. Estimating survival during other stages of the annual cycle, as well as an overall winter estimate reflecting harvest mortality, is necessary to determine whether low survival rates are responsible for continental population declines. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[1082:WSOLSI]2.0.CO;2 VL - 68 IS - 4 SP - 1082-1087 SN - 1937-2817 KW - Aythya affinis KW - Florida KW - lesser scaup KW - mortality KW - survival KW - temporary emigration KW - winter ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of road maps in national assessments of forest fragmentation in the United States AU - Riitters, K. AU - Wickham, J. AU - Coulston, J. T2 - Ecology and Society AB - Riitters, K., J. Wickham and J. Coulston 2004. Use of Road Maps in National Assessments of Forest Fragmentation in the United States. Ecology and Society 9(2):13. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-01210-090213 DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.5751/es-01210-090213 VL - 9 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR TI - World view of Gmelina arborea: opportunities and challenges AU - Dvorak, WS T2 - NEW FORESTS DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.1023/B:NEFO.0000040940.32574.22 VL - 28 IS - 2-3 SP - 111-126 SN - 1573-5095 KW - breeding KW - conservation KW - plantations KW - silviculture KW - wood properties ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spawning season and nest fidelity of largemouth bass in a tropical reservoir AU - Waters, DS AU - Noble, RL T2 - NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AB - Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, an intensively studied sport fish of temperate North America, have been introduced into tropical regions, but with little evaluation. Studies in Puerto Rico suggest that reproduction occurs over many months and that life spans are short and annual mortality rates high. We tracked 44 adult largemouth bass with ultrasonic telemetry over an 18-month period (two spawning seasons) to determine the temporal and spatial utilization of spawning grounds. During the 1998 spawning season, both males and females demonstrated high site fidelity to specific areas characteristic of spawning grounds over the first half of the calendar year. Within this period, two distinct spawning events were evident from fish movements and were subsequently verified by hatch frequencies of young. The two spawning events, from mid-January through March and from late May through June, coincided with highly fluctuating water levels. When levels were high, shallow, vegetated areas were available and used for spawning. The reoccupation of nest areas corroborates previous gonad analyses that suggested multiple partial spawns by individual fish. During the 1999 spawning season, water levels were high in January and spawning occurred for 3 weeks, but levels rapidly declined thereafter, minimizing reproduction. Both male and female largemouth bass exhibited strong homing and nest site fidelity by returning to previous nesting areas. Individual fish were observed nesting in the same spawning grounds, and several males repeatedly utilized the same nest site during each of the separate spawning events and during both years. Because in tropical reservoirs recruitment to the fishable largemouth bass stock is directly related to the abundance of age-0 fish, maintaining high, stable water levels during the spawning season should enhance the largemouth bass population. DA - 2004/11// PY - 2004/11// DO - 10.1577/m03-048.1 VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 1240-1251 SN - 1548-8675 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The commons in the new millennium: Challenges and adaptation. AU - Steelman, TA T2 - POLICY SCIENCES DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1007/s11077-005-2857-5 VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SP - 371-376 SN - 0032-2687 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fertility variation, genetic relatedness, and their impacts on gene diversity of seeds from a seed orchard of Pinus thunbergii AU - Kang, K. S. AU - Lindgren, D. AU - Mullin, T. J. T2 - Silvae Genetica AB - Abstract Clonal differences in the number of male and female strobili were determined for five consecutive years in a clonal seed orchard of Pinus thunbergii in Korea. The effects of relatedness and clonal differences in reproductive development on gene diversity of seed (in terms of accumulated relatedness by status number) were estimated. While clonal differences were found, fertility variation was not large through all studied years. The orchard clones were divided into different regions and locations based on the geographical distribution and distance of natural stands that plus trees were selected from. Assuming that there was no relatedness among regions, locations and clones, the status number (N s ) was varied from 47.6 to 55.5 for five successive years. On average (pooling), N s was 92% of census number (N). Assumed relatedness among regions, locations and/or clones decreased the status number. Effect of parental selection on relatedness and orchard management was also discussed. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1515/sg-2004-0037 VL - 53 IS - 06-May SP - 202-206 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Teaching and learning through inquiry: A guidebook for institutions and instructors AU - Lee, V. S. AU - Greene, D. B. AU - Wellman, D. J. AU - al., CN - LB1027.44 .T43 2004 DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Sterling, Va.: Stylus Pub. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth of fraser fir christmas trees in response to annual shearing AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Derby, S. A. T2 - HortScience DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 7 SP - 1644-1646 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The CAMCORE international provenance/progeny trials of Gmelina arborea: genetic parameters and potential AU - Hodge, GR AU - Dvorak, WS T2 - NEW FORESTS DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.1023/B:NEFO.0000040942.34566.a7 VL - 28 IS - 2-3 SP - 147-166 SN - 1573-5095 KW - genetic gain KW - heritability KW - provenance variation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plantations of Gmelina arborea in southern Mexico AU - Rejon, L. A. S. AU - Romero, J. L. T2 - New Forests DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 28 IS - 03-Feb SP - 293-297 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diseases and insect pests of Gmelina arborea: real threats and real opportunities AU - Wingfield, MJ AU - Robison, DJ T2 - NEW FORESTS DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.1023/B:NEFO.0000040950.01256.ed VL - 28 IS - 2-3 SP - 227-243 SN - 1573-5095 KW - biological control KW - clonal deployment KW - exotic species KW - quarantine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cervid forage utilization in noncommercially thinned ponderosa pine forests AU - Gibbs, MC AU - Jenks, JA AU - Deperno, CS AU - Sowell, BF AU - Jenkins, KJ T2 - JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.2307/4003971 VL - 57 IS - 5 SP - 435-441 SN - 0022-409X KW - Cervus elaphus KW - diets KW - forage standing biomass KW - mule deer KW - Odocoileus hemionus KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - white-tailed deer ER - TY - RPRT TI - Assessing the use of chopper herbicide for establishing hardwood plantations on a cutover site AU - Schuler, J. L. AU - Robison, D. J. AU - Quicke, H. E. A3 - BASF C6 - 3 DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 28 SP - 163-170 PB - BASF ER - TY - JOUR TI - A review of propagation programs for Gmelina arborea AU - Romero, JL T2 - NEW FORESTS DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.1023/B:NEFO.0000040951.93838.6d VL - 28 IS - 2-3 SP - 245-254 SN - 1573-5095 KW - clonal propagation KW - nursery KW - rooted cuttings ER - TY - JOUR TI - Young stand growth modeling for intensively-managed loblolly pine plantations in southeastern US AU - Westfall, J. A. AU - Burkhart, H. E. AU - Allen, H. L. T2 - Forest Science DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 50 IS - 6 SP - 823-835 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial and temporal patterns of beetles associated with coarse woody debris in managed bottomland hardwood forests AU - Ulyshen, MD AU - Hanula, JL AU - Horn, S AU - Kilgo, JC AU - Moorman, CE T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - Malaise traps were used to sample beetles in artificial canopy gaps of different size (0.13 ha, 0.26 ha, and 0.50 ha) and age in a South Carolina bottomland hardwood forest. Traps were placed at the center, edge, and in the surrounding forest of each gap. Young gaps (∼1 year) had large amounts of coarse woody debris compared to the surrounding forest, while older gaps (∼6 years) had virtually none. The total abundance and diversity of wood-dwelling beetles (Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Brentidae, Bostrichidae, and Curculionidae (Scolytinae and Platypodinae)) was higher in the center of young gaps than in the center of old gaps. The abundance was higher in the center of young gaps than in the surrounding forest, while the forest surrounding old gaps and the edge of old gaps had a higher abundance and diversity of wood-dwelling beetles than did the center of old gaps. There was no difference in wood-dwelling beetle abundance between gaps of different size, but diversity was lower in 0.13 ha old gaps than in 0.26 ha or 0.50 ha old gaps. We suspect that gap size has more of an effect on woodborer abundance than indicated here because malaise traps sample a limited area. The predaceous beetle family Cleridae showed a very similar trend to that of the woodborers. Coarse woody debris is an important resource for many organisms, and our results lend further support to forest management practices that preserve coarse woody debris created during timber removal. DA - 2004/10/11/ PY - 2004/10/11/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.046 VL - 199 IS - 2-3 SP - 259-272 SN - 1872-7042 KW - coarse woody debris KW - saproxylic KW - woodborers KW - Cerambycidae KW - Buprestidae KW - bark beetles KW - Cleridae ER - TY - JOUR TI - RNA silencing in plants by the expression of siRNA duplexes AU - Lu, SF AU - Shi, R AU - Tsao, CC AU - Yi, XP AU - Li, LG AU - Chiang, VL T2 - NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH AB - In animal cells, stable RNA silencing can be achieved by vector-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression system, in which Pol III RNA gene promoters are used to drive the expression of short hairpin RNA, however, this has not been demonstrated in plants. Whether Pol III RNA gene promoter is capable of driving siRNA expression in plants is unknown. Here, we report that RNA silencing was achieved in plants through stable expression of short hairpin RNA, which was driven by Pol III RNA gene promoters. Using glucuronidase (GUS) transformed tobacco as a model system, the results demonstrated that 21 nt RNA duplexes, targeting at different sites of GUS gene, were stably expressed under the control of either human H1 or Arabidopsis 7SL RNA gene promoter, and GUS gene was silenced in 80% of siRNA transgenics. The severity of silencing was correlated with the abundance of siRNA expression but independent of the target sites and uridine residue structures in siRNA hairpin transcripts. Thus, the specific expression of siRNA provides a new system for the study of siRNA silencing pathways and functional genomics in plants. Moreover, the effectiveness of the human H1 promoter in a plant background suggested a conserved mechanism underlying Pol III complex functionality. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1093/nar/gnh170 VL - 32 IS - 21 SP - SN - 1362-4962 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organic and inorganic nitrogen nutrition of western red cedar, western hemlock and salal in mineral N-limited cedar-hemlock forests AU - Bennett, J. N. AU - Prescott, C. F. T2 - Oecologia (Online) DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 141 IS - 3 SP - 468-476 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microarray analyses of gene expression during adventitious root development in Pinus contorta (1[w]) AU - Brinker, M AU - Zyl, L AU - Liu, WB AU - Craig, D AU - Sederoff, RR AU - Clapham, DH AU - Arnold, S T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - In order to investigate the gene expression pattern during adventitious root development, RNA of Pinus contorta hypocotyls, pulse-treated with the auxin indole-3-butyric acid and harvested at distinct developmental time points of root development, was hybridized to microarrays containing 2,178 cDNAs from Pinus taeda. Over the period of observation of root development, the transcript levels of 220 genes changed significantly. During the root initiation phase, genes involved in cell replication and cell wall weakening and a transcript encoding a PINHEAD/ZWILLE-like protein were up-regulated, while genes related to auxin transport, photosynthesis, and cell wall synthesis were down-regulated. In addition, there were changes in transcript abundance of genes related to water stress. During the root meristem formation phase the transcript abundances of genes involved in auxin transport, auxin responsive transcription, and cell wall synthesis, and of a gene encoding a B-box zinc finger-like protein, increased, while those encoding proteins involved in cell wall weakening decreased. Changes of transcript abundance of genes related to water stress during the root meristem formation and root formation phase indicate that the plant roots had become functional in water transport. Simultaneously, genes involved in auxin transport were up-regulated, while genes related to cell wall modification were down-regulated. Finally, during the root elongation phase down-regulation of transcripts encoding proteins involved in cell replication and stress occurred. Based on the observed changes in transcript abundances, we suggest hypotheses about the relative importance of various physiological processes during the auxin-induced development of roots in P. contorta. DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.1104/pp.103.032235 VL - 135 IS - 3 SP - 1526-1539 SN - 1532-2548 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth stage, auxin type, and concentration influence rooting Virginia pine stem cuttings AU - Rosier, C. L. AU - Frampton, J. AU - Goldfarb, B. AU - Wise, F. C. AU - Blazich, F. A. T2 - HortScience DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 6 SP - 1392-1396 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic gains of full-sib families from disconnected diallels in loblolly pine AU - Jansson, G AU - Li, B T2 - SILVAE GENETICA AB - Abstract Breeding values for the 2 nd -cycle of the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) breeding program were analyzed with the NCSUIndustry Tree Improvement Cooperative database to estimate genetic gains and compare different strategies for full-sib deployment. In the disconnected half-diallel mating design used for loblolly pine, six parents within each diallel were crossed to generate 15 full-sib families for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) estimates. Parents among disconnected diallels were never crossed, and the SCA and full-sib family breeding values cannot be estimated directly. Using the GCA and SCA estimates from 60 diallels in the Atlantic Coastal region of loblolly pine, genetic gains were estimated in this study for full-sib families within the disconnected diallels and then compared with the potential gains that would be expected if we select parents for full-sib families based on GCA values for all parents within a geographic region. As the dominance variance was found to be much less than the additive variance, the SCA contribution to the full-sib genetic gain was relatively small. Higher full-sib genetic gains were obtained by crossing the best GCA parents from different diallels within a geographic region than selecting only those within diallels. The difference increased with increasing number of selected full-sibs. Results from different selection scenarios, with various selection intensities and relatedness managements, suggest that selection based on GCA from all parents within a geographic region would result in a higher genetic gain for full-sib families in loblolly pine. The deployment of full-sib families are very important for achieving higher genetic gains in a loblolly pine breeding program. But they were not due to the SCA contribution, but rather due to high GCA of best parents in creating these full-sib crosses. The strategies for family and clonal deployment are very attractive based on the data from this study. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1515/sg-2004-0011 VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 60-64 SN - 2509-8934 KW - Pinus taeda L. KW - full-sib crosses KW - volume gain KW - deployment KW - general combining ability KW - special combining ability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gene Expression during Formation of Earlywood and Latewood in Loblolly Pine: Expression Profiles of 350 Genes AU - Egertsdotter, U. AU - Zyl, L. M. AU - MacKay, J. AU - Peter, G. AU - Kirst, M. AU - Clark, C. AU - Whetten, R. AU - Sederoff, R. T2 - Plant Biology AB - The natural variability of wood formation in trees affords opportunities to correlate transcript profiles with the resulting wood properties. We have used cDNA microarrays to study transcript abundance in developing secondary xylem of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) over a growing season. The cDNAs were selected from a collection of 75 000 ESTs that have been sequenced and annotated (http://web.ahc.umn.edu/biodata/nsfpine/). Cell wall thickness and climatic data were related to earlywood and latewood formation at different time points during the growing season. Seventy-one ESTs showed preferential expression in earlywood or latewood, including 23 genes with no significant similarity to genes in GenBank. Seven genes involved in lignin synthesis were preferentially expressed in latewood. The studies have provided initial insights into the variation of expression patterns of some of the genes related to the wood formation process. DA - 2004/11// PY - 2004/11// DO - 10.1055/s-2004-830383 VL - 6 IS - 6 SP - 654-663 J2 - Plant Biology LA - en OP - SN - 1435-8603 1438-8677 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-830383 DB - Crossref KW - microarray analysis KW - Pinus taeda KW - earlywood KW - latewood KW - transcript abundance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fish populations associated with habitat-modified piers and natural woody debris in Piedmont Carolina reservoirs AU - Barwick, RD AU - Kwak, TJ AU - Noble, RL AU - Barwick, DH T2 - NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AB - A primary concern associated with reservoir shoreline residential development is reduction of littoral habitat complexity and diversity. One potential approach to compensate for this is the deployment of artificial-habitat modules under existing piers, but the benefit of this practice has not been demonstrated. To evaluate the effect of pier habitat modifications on fish populations in two Piedmont Carolina reservoirs, we studied 77 piers located on forty-seven, 100-m transects that were modified using plastic “fish hab” modules augmented with brush (brushed habs), hab modules alone (habs), or left unaltered for reference purposes. We sampled fish from all piers and transects during April, July, and October 2001 using a boat-mounted electrofisher. With few exceptions, catch rates were higher at brushed-hab piers and piers with habs than at reference piers during all seasons. Similarly, during spring and summer, fish abundance was generally higher on transects containing natural woody debris, brushed habs, and habs than on reference-developed transects; however, during fall, there were exceptions. Therefore, fish abundance associated with shorelines in these reservoirs appears to be related to the structural complexity of available habitat rather than structure composition. One year after installation, 92% of pier owners responding to a mail survey expressed satisfaction with pier modifications. Supplementing piers with habitat structures is recommended to enhance littoral habitat complexity for fishes in residentially developed reservoirs. DA - 2004/11// PY - 2004/11// DO - 10.1577/m03-094.1 VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 1120-1133 SN - 1548-8675 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating detection probability parameters for plethodon salamanders using the robust capture-recapture design AU - Bailey, L. L. AU - Simons, T. R. AU - Pollock, K. H. T2 - Journal of Wildlife Management DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 13- ER - TY - JOUR TI - Campylobacter colonization of sibling turkey flocks reared under different management conditions AU - Smith, K AU - Reimers, N AU - Barnes, HJ AU - Lee, BC AU - Siletzky, R AU - Kathariou, S T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB - Uncertainty exists concerning the key factors contributing to Campylobacter colonization of poultry, especially the possible role of vertical transmission from breeder hens to young birds. A longitudinal study of Campylobacter colonization was performed in two sibling pairs of turkey flocks (four flocks total). Each pair of sibling flocks shared breeder hen populations and was obtained from the same hatchery. One flock of each pair was grown on a commercial farm, and the other was grown in an instructional demonstration unit (Teaching Animal Unit [TAU]). Flocks were located within a 60-mi (96.8-km) radius. The time of placement, feed formulations, stocking density, and general husbandry were the same for both flocks, and each flock was processed at a commercial processing plant following standard feed withdrawal and transport protocols. Both flocks grown on the commercial farms became colonized with Campylobacter between weeks 2 and 3 and remained colonized until processing. Between 80 and 90% of isolates were Campylobacter coli, and the remainder were Campylobacter jejuni. In contrast, neither C. coli nor C. jejuni were isolated from either of the TAU flocks at any time during the production cycle. None of the fla types of Campylobacter from the breeders that provided poults to one of the commercial flocks matched those from the progeny. These results failed to provide evidence for vertical transmission and indicate that this type of transmission either did not occur or was not sufficient to render the TAU turkey flocks Campylobacter positive. Management practices such as proper litter maintenance, controlled traffic between the TAU farm and other turkey flocks, and other less well-defined aspects of turkey production were likely responsible for the absence of Campylobacter in the TAU flocks before harvest. DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.4315/0362-028X-67.7.1463 VL - 67 IS - 7 SP - 1463-1468 SN - 1944-9097 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A mechanistic home range model for optimal use of spatially distributed resources AU - Mitchell, MS AU - Powell, RA T2 - ECOLOGICAL MODELLING AB - Home ranges of animals are associated with the spatial distribution of limiting resources on a landscape, yet no mechanistic models representing this relationship exist. We present models of how animals might choose patches for their home ranges in ways that are optimal with respect to spatially distributed resources. The models assume that animals choose patches for their home ranges based on resource benefits discounted for travel costs. Animals might select patches to maximize resources within their home ranges over random use of the landscape (resource maximization), or to satisfy a minimum resource threshold needed for survival or reproduction (area minimization). We evaluated how landscape configuration structures home ranges of animals by performing individual-based, spatially explicit computer simulations using each model on simulated landscapes that differed only in the spatial continuity of resources among patches (from over-dispersed to clumped). The most important factor determining quality, efficiency, resource content, and spatial distribution of home ranges was the extent to which resources were clumped on a landscape. Characteristics of resource-maximizing home ranges were determined only by the distribution of resources, and differed from those of area-minimizing home ranges depending upon the magnitude of the resource threshold required. An increase in resource threshold increased area and total resource content for area-minimizing home ranges, but did not change their quality or efficiency. Because animals can consume or protect resources within their home ranges, they can depress the value of resources available to other animals and hence how those animals will choose their home ranges. Depression of resource values on a landscape by animals should result in different configuration and spatial distribution of home ranges on a landscape than would be predicted in its absence. We modified the two home range models to depress the value of resources available to other animals within patches selected for each home range. We generated home ranges with the new models on the simulated landscapes and evaluated how home ranges with resource depression varied with landscape configuration and with the number of home ranges on the landscape. We compared characteristics and spatial distribution of home ranges with resource depression to those of home ranges that do not. For the number of simulations we performed, resource depression resulted in home ranges that differed little in configuration and landscape interactions from those without, except that they were distributed more evenly on the landscapes and overlapped each other less. As the number of home ranges on a landscape increased, resource distributions declined in quality and heterogeneity, and home ranges became larger, less efficient, and of lower quality. Our results suggest that, in addition to landscape configuration, the extent to which animals depress resources included in their home ranges should determine the evenness of spatial dispersion, overlap, and home range structure, especially where animals select home ranges to satisfy a specific resource threshold and the density of animals is high. Because resource depression sets a limit on the number of home ranges a landscape with fixed resource levels can support, our models provide a means of assessing carrying capacity of a landscape. DA - 2004/9/15/ PY - 2004/9/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.01.015 VL - 177 IS - 1-2 SP - 209-232 SN - 1872-7026 KW - area-minimizing KW - carrying capacity KW - landscape KW - limiting resources KW - optimal home range KW - patch KW - resource depression KW - resource distribution KW - resource-minimizing KW - resource threshold KW - spatially explicit KW - individual-based model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variation an transcript abundance during somatic embryogenesis in gymnosperms AU - Stasolla, C AU - Bozhkov, PV AU - Chu, TM AU - Van Zyl, L AU - Egertsdotter, U AU - Suarez, MF AU - Craig, D AU - Wolfinger, RD AU - Von Arnold, S AU - Sederoff, RR T2 - TREE PHYSIOLOGY AB - Somatic embryogenesis of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) is a versatile model system to study molecular mechanisms regulating embryo development because it proceeds through defined developmental stages corresponding to specific culture treatments. Normal embryonic development involves early differentiation of proembryogenic masses (PEMs) into somatic embryos, followed by early and late embryogeny leading to the formation of mature cotyledonary embryos. In some cell lines there is a developmental arrest at the PEM−somatic embryo transition. To learn more about the molecular mechanisms regulating embryogenesis, we compared the transcript profiles of two normal lines and one developmentally arrested line. Ribonucleic acid, extracted from these cell lines at successive developmental stages, was analyzed on DNA microarrays containing 2178 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) (corresponding to 2110 unique cDNAs) from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Hybridization between spruce and pine species on microarrays has been shown to be effective (van Zyl et al. 2002, Stasolla et al. 2003). In contrast to the developmentally arrested line, the early phases of normal embryo development are characterized by a precise pattern of gene expression, i.e., repression followed by induction. Comparison of transcript levels between successive stages of embryogenesis allowed us to identify several genes that showed unique expression responses during normal development. Several of these genes encode proteins involved in detoxification processes, methionine synthesis and utilization, and carbohydrate metabolism. The potential role of these genes in embryo development is discussed. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.1093/treephys/24.10.1073 VL - 24 IS - 10 SP - 1073-1085 SN - 1758-4469 KW - embryo development KW - gene expression KW - hybridization KW - microarray KW - Picea abies KW - Pinus taeda ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using multiple methods to understand agency values and objectives: Lessons for public lands management AU - Martin, IM AU - Steelman, TA T2 - POLICY SCIENCES DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// DO - 10.1023/B:OLIC.0000035463.79209.52 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 37-69 SN - 0032-2687 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Shearing date affects growth and quality of fraser fir Christmas trees AU - Hinesley, L. E. AU - Derby, S. A. T2 - HortScience DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 1020-1024 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phytophthora root rot mortality in fraser fir seedlings AU - Frampton, J. AU - Benson, D. M. T2 - HortScience DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 1025-1026 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Open-nucleus breeding strategies compared with population-wide positive assortative mating - I. Equal distribution of testing effort AU - Lstiburek, M AU - Mullin, T AU - Lindgren, D AU - Rosvall, O T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.1007/s00122-004-1746-1 VL - 109 IS - 6 SP - 1196-1203 SN - 1432-2242 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Open-nucleus breeding strategies compared with population-wide positive assortative mating AU - Lstiburek, M AU - Mullin, TJ AU - Lindgren, D AU - Rosvall, O T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.1007/s00122-004-1737-2 VL - 109 IS - 6 SP - 1169-1177 SN - 1432-2242 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mist, substrate water potential and cutting water potential influence rooting of stem cuttings of loblolly pine AU - Lebude, AV AU - Goldfarb, B AU - Blazich, FA AU - Wise, FC AU - Frampton, J T2 - TREE PHYSIOLOGY AB - We investigated the influence of cutting water potential (Psicut) on rooting of juvenile hardwood (dormant) and softwood (succulent) stem cuttings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) propagated under varying substrate water potentials (Psisub) and volumes of mist application. Mist treatment and Psisub contributed to the Psicut of unrooted stem cuttings. When Psisub was held constant across mist treatments, mist treatment contributed strongly to Psicut. Substrate water potential affected rooting percentage when mist treatment was sub-optimal or excessive, otherwise mist treatment had a stronger effect than Psisub on rooting percentage. Cuttings rooted best when subjected to moderate cutting water potentials (-0.5 to -1.2 MPa) during the initial 4 or 5 weeks of the rooting period. Cuttings experiencing either severe water deficit or no water deficit rooted poorly. We conclude that the rooting environment should impose a moderate water stress on loblolly pine stem cuttings to achieve optimum rooting. DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.1093/treephys/24.7.823 VL - 24 IS - 7 SP - 823-831 SN - 1758-4469 KW - adventitious rooting KW - clonal forestry KW - Pinus taeda KW - vegetative propagation KW - soil water deficit KW - water relations KW - water stress ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metabolic profiling: A new tool in the study of wood formation AU - Morris, CR AU - Scott, JT AU - Chang, HM AU - Sederoff, RR AU - D O'Malley, AU - Kadla, JF T2 - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY AB - In the realm of plant genomics, metabolic profiling has become a valuable tool with which to assess the effect of genetic and/or environmental factors on plant development. This paper reports the first application of metabolic profiling on differentiating xylem tissue of loblolly pine. A protocol is presented for the analysis of loblolly pine xylem tissue. The effects of sample preparation, extraction, and derivatization on the corresponding metabolite profiles and yields have been investigated and are reported. Gas chromatography−mass spectroscopy has been used to quantify >60 polar and lipophilic metabolites from wood-forming tissue. It was possible to assign chemical structures to approximately half of these compounds. Comparison of six loblolly pine genotypes, three high cellulose (50−52%) and three medium (45−48%) cellulose, showed distinct metabolic profiles. Principal component analysis enabled the assignment of metabolic phenotypes using these large data sets. Metabolic phenotype clustering occurred in which the three high-cellulose genotypes were segregated from the medium-cellulose genotypes. These results demonstrate the use of metabolic profiling for the study of wood-forming tissue and as a tool in functional genomics. Keywords: Metabolic profiling; principal component analysis (PCA); loblolly pine; xylem tissue; lipid metabolites; polar metabolites DA - 2004/3/24/ PY - 2004/3/24/ DO - 10.1021/jf034688l VL - 52 IS - 6 SP - 1427-1434 SN - 1520-5118 KW - metabolic profiling KW - principal component analysis (PCA) KW - loblolly pine KW - xylem tissue KW - lipid metabolites KW - polar metabolites ER - TY - JOUR TI - Initial vegetation response to prescribed fire in some oak-hickory forests of the South Carolina piedmont AU - Vandermast, D. B. AU - Moorman, C. E. AU - Russell, K. R. AU - Van Lear, D. H. T2 - Natural Areas Journal DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 216-222 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Forestry knowledge gap: A report from the rim AU - Jones, S. B. T2 - Journal of Forestry DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 102 IS - 4 SP - 76 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Federal and state influence on community responses to wildfire threats: Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico AU - Steelman, T. A. AU - Kunkel, G. AU - Bell, D. T2 - Journal of Forestry DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 102 IS - 6 SP - 21-27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating calling rates of northern bobwhite coveys and measuring abundance AU - Wellendorf, SD AU - Palmer, WE AU - Bromley, PT T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB - Researchers have indexed abundance of the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter, bobwhite) during autumn by counting the number of coveys heard during early morning call surveys. However, critical assumptions about call rates, survey timing, and seasonality have not been tested, and the effects of weather and bobwhite density on call rates are unknown. Therefore, we quantified covey-calling activity of 219 radiomarked coveys at 5 sites during September–December 1997–1999 to assess the effects of these variables. Across all sites, the average proportion of coveys that called prior to leaving the roost site was 58% (range = 48–87%). Coveys began calling 23.4 ± 0.5 (x̄ ± SE) min before sunrise, and they produced 31.4 ± 1.9 calls/call event; most calls (87%) occurred 35–15 min before sunrise. Using data collected in 1998, we fit 15 logistic regression models to predict the probability of a covey calling. The selected best model (Akaike weight [w] = 0.48) included variables for the number of adjacent calling coveys, wind speed, cloud cover, and barometric pressure change with number of adjacent calling coveys having the greatest effect on covey calling (odds ratio of 1.4). A less parsimonious model, which also included biweekly periods and interaction terms, was potentially as likely (w = 0.41) as the selected model, with the 16–31 October biweekly period having most effect (odds ratio of 1.8) over other biweekly periods. We tested selected best models using observations collected in 1999 from 2 of the sites monitored in 1998. During peak calling periods, predicted call rates were <0.06 from observed covey-call rates. Given the accuracy of predicted call rates, we recommend adjusting covey-call counts by an estimated calling rate to better measure fall bobwhite abundance. DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0672:ECRONB]2.0.CO;2 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - 672-682 SN - 1937-2817 KW - autumn KW - call count KW - call rate KW - Colinus virginianus KW - covey KW - Florida KW - North Carolina KW - northern bobwhite KW - quail KW - Tennessee ER - TY - JOUR TI - Artificial propagation and induction of triploidy in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and ploidy discrimination using erythrocyte length AU - Neal, JW AU - Neal, DM AU - Noble, RL AU - McGee, MV T2 - JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY AB - Abstract We describe an artificial propagation procedure and simple ploidy discrimination techniques using erythrocyte major axis length for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Hormonal treatments of 5 mg/kg of carp pituitary and 50 μg/kg of leutinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) produced viable gametes in 21‐24 h, and triploidy was induced using a pressure treatment of 563 kg/cm 2 on embryos for a 1‐min duration exactly 5 min following fertilization. We produced about 500 fingerling triploids and about 500 diploid controls, and verified genetic status of a subset of each group using flow cytometry. Erythrocyte length was measured for 10 known diploid and 10 known triploid individuals. Remaining fish were internally microtagged with group‐specific tags and mixed to test the model. We developed ploidy discrimination intervals based on the 99% confidence limits of mean erythrocyte length (MEL, N = 25 erythrocytes) for individual fish, which were 14.43‐16.66 μ.m for triploids, and 10.23‐13.62 μm for diploids. Logistic regression provided the discrimination model: Ploidy status (±) = ‐196.16 + 13.97 x MEL, with positive (+) outcomes considered triploid. Both discrimination techniques were 100% effective at differentiating ploidy of the 22 microtagged largemouth bass recollected from the mixed population. We did not observe a significant change in erythrocyte length as fish size increased, indicating that erythrocyte length is an accurate predictor of ploidy for all sizes of largemouth bass. DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// DO - 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb01058.x VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 46-54 SN - 0893-8849 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A major QTL conditioning salt tolerance in S-100 soybean and descendent cultivars AU - Lee, GJ AU - Boerma, HR AU - Villagarcia, MR AU - Zhou, X AU - Carter, TE AU - Li, Z AU - Gibbs, MO T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 2004/11// PY - 2004/11// DO - 10.1007/s00122-004-1783-9 VL - 109 IS - 8 SP - 1610-1619 SN - 1432-2242 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect on model identifiability of allowing different relocation rates for live and dead animals in the combined analysis of telemetry and recapture data AU - Nasution, MD AU - Brownie, C AU - Pollock, KH AU - Powell, RA T2 - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS AB - Models are described for the joint analysis of live-trapping and radio telemetry data from a study on black bears (Ursus americanus) in which all animals received ear tags and a subset also received radio tags. Concerns about bias in survival estimates led to investigation of identifiability and estimator precision for a series of models that allowed differenttelemetry relocation rates for living and dead animals, in addition to emigration and seasonal variation in survival. Identifiability was determined by showing that the expected information matrix was nonsingular. Models with fidelity constant across time, and with the same degree of time specificity for survival rates and relocation rates for dead animals, were determined to be nonidentifiable. More general models, with a greater degree of time specificity for survival rates, were near-singular, and estimators under these near-singular models had poor precision. Analysis of data from the study on black bears illustrated that estimates of survival have poor precision when relocation rates are estimated separately for live and dead animals. It is recommended that the effort expended to relocate both living and dead animals be consistently high in each telemetry survey, so that relocation rates will be high and constant across time and mortality status. DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// DO - 10.1198/1085711043181 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 27-41 SN - 1085-7117 KW - capture-recapture KW - near-singularity KW - overparameterization KW - radio telemetry KW - unequal catchability KW - wildlife studies ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrogen mineralization: Challenges of a changing paradigm AU - Schimel, J. P. AU - Bennett, J. T2 - Ecology (Brooklyn, New York, N.Y.) DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 85 IS - 3 SP - 591-602 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrogen mineralization following vegetation control and fertilization in a 14-year-old loblolly pine plantation AU - Gurlevik, N. AU - Kelting, D. L. AU - Allen, Howard T2 - Soil Science Society of America Journal AB - Vegetation control (VC) and fertilization (FR) can change N availability in southern pine plantations, but the magnitude, duration, and reasons for change are not fully understood. The effects of a factorial combination of vegetation control (none vs. complete) and fertilization (none vs. 224 kg N ha −1 and 56 kg P ha −1 ) on net N mineralization and soil temperature and moisture were investigated in a 14‐yr‐old loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) plantation located on the Piedmont of North Carolina. Net N mineralization and soil temperature and moisture were measured monthly for 2 yr beginning in July 1998, four months after the treatments were applied. A companion aerobic laboratory incubation study of field‐moist soil was conducted at 28°C during the second year. Vegetation control increased soil temperature by 1.8°C during the growing season. Both vegetation control and fertilization increased field net N mineralization, and there was a strong positive interaction between the treatments. Net nitrification constituted 72% of net N mineralization for the combined treatment, and only 8% of net N mineralization for the other treatments. Seasonal patterns in net N mineralization were poorly correlated with soil temperature and moisture. The field and laboratory studies showed the same seasonal dynamics and magnitude of annual treatment effects on net N mineralization, suggesting other factors (e.g., labile C inputs) may be important in controlling net N mineralization. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.2136/sssaj2004.2720 VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 272–281 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) sterile egg mass augmentation increases Entomophaga maimaiga density AU - Gillock, HH AU - Hain, FP T2 - JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE AB - Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Hilary H. Gillock, Fred P. Hain; Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Sterile Egg Mass Augmentation Increases Entomophaga maimaiga Density. Journal of Entomological Science 1 April 2004; 39 (2): 291–293. doi: https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-39.2.291 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest Search DA - 2004/4// PY - 2004/4// DO - 10.18474/0749-8004-39.2.291 VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 291-293 SN - 0749-8004 KW - azygospore KW - Entomophaga maimaiga KW - gypsy moth KW - Lymantria dispar KW - sterile egg mass ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diet overlap between native bigmouth sleepers (Gobiomorus dormitor) and introduced predatory fishes in a Puerto Rico reservoir AU - Bacheler, NM AU - Neal, JW AU - Noble, RL T2 - ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH AB - Abstract – Native fish species coexist with introduced species in Puerto Rico's freshwater systems, yet competition between these species has not been evaluated. We examined the extent of diet overlap between native bigmouth sleepers Gobiomorus dormitor and introduced largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and peacock bass Cichla ocellaris in a Puerto Rico reservoir. Bigmouth sleepers and largemouth bass exhibited an ontogenetic shift in feeding habits, whereas peacock bass were exclusively piscivorous at all sizes collected in this study. Biologically significant diet overlap was observed between large bigmouth sleepers and largemouth bass, but not between large bigmouth sleepers and peacock bass, or between large largemouth bass and adult peacock bass. No significant diet overlap in any species combination was observed in small or medium size classes. Better understanding of the ecology of these coexisting predators should lead to improved conservation of bigmouth sleepers, and improved fisheries management for all three predatory species. DA - 2004/6// PY - 2004/6// DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2004.00040.x VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 111-118 SN - 1600-0633 KW - competition KW - Puerto Rico KW - ontogenetic shift ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coordinated genetic regulation of growth and lignin revealed by quantitative trait locus analysis of cDNA microarray data in an interspecific backcross of eucalyptus AU - Kirst, M AU - Myburg, AA AU - De Leon, JPG AU - Kirst, ME AU - Scott, J AU - Sederoff, R T2 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AB - Phenotypic, genotypic, and transcript level (microarray) data from an interspecific backcross population of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus globulus were integrated to dissect the genetic and metabolic network underlying growth variation. Transcript abundance, measured for 2,608 genes in the differentiating xylem of a 91 (E. grandis x E. globulus) x E. grandis backcross progeny was correlated with diameter variation, revealing coordinated down-regulation of genes encoding enzymes of the lignin biosynthesis and associated methylation pathways in fast growing individuals. Lignin analysis of wood samples confirmed the content and quality predicted by the transcript levels measured on the microarrays. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of transcript levels of lignin-related genes showed that their mRNA abundance is regulated by two genetic loci, demonstrating coordinated genetic control over lignin biosynthesis. These two loci colocalize with QTLs for growth, suggesting that the same genomic regions are regulating growth, and lignin content and composition in the progeny. Genetic mapping of the lignin genes revealed that most of the key biosynthetic genes do not colocalize with growth and transcript level QTLs, with the exception of the locus encoding the enzyme S-adenosylmethionine synthase. This study illustrates the power of integrating quantitative analysis of gene expression data and genetic map information to discover genetic and metabolic networks regulating complex biological traits. (Sequence data for this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank data libraries under accession numbers CB 967505 to CB 968059; CD 667988 to CD 670002; CD 670004; CD 670097; CD 670101 to CD 670112; and CD 670114 to CD 670137.) DA - 2004/8// PY - 2004/8// DO - 10.1104/pp.103.037960 VL - 135 IS - 4 SP - 2368-2378 SN - 1532-2548 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influences of fruit diversity and abundance on bird use of two shaded coffee plantations AU - Carlo, TA AU - Collazo, JA AU - Groom, MJ T2 - BIOTROPICA AB - We studied avian foraging at two shaded coffee plantations in Ciales, Puerto Rico. Both coffee plantations contained patches of second-growth forest but differed in shade types; one was a rustic plantation with a species-diverse shade including many fruiting plant species and the other was a commercial polyculture shaded almost solely by Inga vera. We quantified foraging activity of five fruit-eating bird species (Euphonia musica, Loxigilla portoricensis, Nesospingus speculiferus, Spindalis portoricensis, and Vireo altiloquous) and monthly fruit abundance in the coffee plantation and adjacent second-growth forest habitats at each site. Fruits comprised more than 50 percent of the diets for four of five focal bird species. We found a significant difference in the number of foraging records for focal bird species between coffee and forest habitats in the commercial polyculture but found few differences between these habitats in the rustic coffee farm. Overall, foraging activity was positively correlated with the abundance of fruits across study sites. Bird foraging was concentrated on plant species in the genera Cecropia, Miconia, Schefflera, Phoradendron, and Guarea, which together accounted for over 50 percent of frugivory records. Plant species in such genera fruited over prolonged time periods and provided birds with a fairly constant fruit supply. Our findings underscore the importance of fruiting plant species in making coffee plantations suitable habitat for birds and suggest that native fruiting plants be incorporated in coffee farms for avian conservation. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1646/1604 VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 602-614 SN - 0006-3606 KW - avian foraging KW - bird-friendly coffee KW - Cecropia KW - frugivory KW - Guarea KW - Phoradendron KW - plant phenology KW - Puerto Rico KW - Schefflera KW - shaded coffee plantations ER - TY - JOUR TI - Economic returns model for silvicultural investments in young hardwood stands AU - Siry, J. P. AU - Robison, D. J. AU - Cubbage, F. W. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 179-184 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reproduction of a landlocked diadromous fish population: Bigmouth sleepers Gobiomorus dormitor in a reservoir in Puerto Rico AU - Bacheler, N. M. AU - Neal, J. W. AU - Noble, R. L. T2 - Caribbean Journal of Science DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 223-231 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Paper birch competitive effects vary with conifer tree species and stand age in interior British Columbia forests: implications for reforestation policy and practice AU - Simard, SW AU - Sachs, DL AU - Vyse, A AU - Blevins, LL T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - Paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh) is considered the most important competitive threat to commercially valuable conifers in the highly productive interior cedar–hemlock forests of British Columbia. It is routinely removed from conifer plantations at high cost to increase conifer growth rates and meet reforestation policy regulations. Competitive effects of paper birch and other neighbours on conifer growth were measured in mixed forests to test the hypotheses that the importance and intensity of interspecific competition were (a) high in young plantations; (b) decrease with stand age; (c) decrease with conifer species shade tolerance. Neighbourhood analysis was applied to 748 target conifer trees in 11 stands that included three stand age classes (11, 25, and 50 years-old) and three target conifer species (Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco), western redcedar (Thuja plicata D. Don), and western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.)). All sites had similar site characteristics and disturbance histories. Regression models were used to examine the importance (model adjusted r2) and intensity (model β1) of neighbour competition on target conifer size. Double logarithmic regression models explained on average 38±3% of the variation in target conifer diameter from the neighbourhood index, NRI (neighbourrelativeheightindex)=∑((neighbourbasalarea×height)/targetconiferheight). The models indicated that broadleaf neighbours were more important and intense competitors in the 11- and 25-year-old stands, and conifers were more important and intense competitors in the 50-year-old stands. When all broadleaf and conifer neighbours were included in the models, the intensity and/or importance of neighbour competition decreased in the order of 25>50>11-year-old stands, and western larch>Douglas-fir>western redcedar. Instead of encouraging uniform broadleaf removal across most conifer plantations in the BC interior, reforestation policies should take into account the variable effects of broadleaf competition within stands, across stand ages, and with different tree species compositions. DA - 2004/8/23/ PY - 2004/8/23/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.036 VL - 198 IS - 1-3 SP - 55-74 SN - 1872-7042 KW - competition KW - vegetation management KW - succession KW - paper birch KW - western redcedar KW - Douglas-fir KW - western larch ER - TY - JOUR TI - On-bark behavior of Dendroctonus frontalis: a Markov chain analysis AU - Bishir, J AU - Roberds, JH AU - Strom, BL T2 - JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR DA - 2004/5// PY - 2004/5// DO - 10.1023/B:JOIR.0000031531.07035.10 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 281-301 SN - 0892-7553 KW - Scolytidae KW - southern pine beetle KW - host selection KW - host recognition KW - transition probabilities KW - absorbing states ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long term growth responses of loblolly pine to optimal nutrient and water resource availability AU - Albaugh, TJ AU - Allen, HL AU - Dougherty, PM AU - Johnsen, KH T2 - FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT AB - A factorial combination of four treatments (control (CW), optimal growing season water availability (IW), optimum nutrient availability (FW), and combined optimum water and nutrient availability (FIW)) in four replications were initiated in an 8-year-old Pinus taeda stand growing on a droughty, nutrient-poor, sandy site in Scotland County, NC and maintained for 9 years. Results for the first 4 years after treatment initiation at this study were first reported by Albaugh et al. [For. Sci. 44 (1998) 317]. The site is primarily nutrient limited and all measured stand parameters (height, basal area, leaf area index, live crown length, stem mass accumulation, current annual stem mass increment) were increased with fertilization throughout the study period. Irrigation effects were also positive for these parameters but the increases were much smaller than those found with fertilization. For example, 9 years after treatment initiation, standing stem mass was increased 100 and 25% by fertilization and irrigation, respectively, while current annual increment of stem biomass production was increased 119 and 23% by fertilization and irrigation, respectively. Interestingly, stem density (stems ha−1) was not significantly affected by treatment in any year of the study. Growth efficiency (stem mass increment per unit leaf area index) was 1.9 Mg ha−1 per year per LAI for CW and influenced by treatment with IW, FW, and FIW achieving growth efficiencies of 2.4, 2.7 and 2.9 Mg ha−1 per year per LAI, respectively. Growth efficiency appeared to be relatively stable in the last 4 years of the study. Ring specific gravity was measured in the third, fourth, and fifth years after treatment initiation. An average reduction in ring specific gravity of 7.5% was observed with fertilization while irrigation had little effect on specific gravity in any year measured. The continuation of high growth rates with no observable growth decline in the treated stands throughout the 9-year study may be a function of the age of the stands when treatments were initiated (8 years), the very poor initial nutrient and moisture availability, and/or the application of an ongoing optimum nutrient regime at the site. The fertilized plots are now at or near an age and a size when a commercial harvest would be feasible. For the stand conditions at this site, then, the optimum nutrient availability plots have achieved high productivity throughout the economic life of the stand without measurable declines in stand productivity. DA - 2004/4/19/ PY - 2004/4/19/ DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.002 VL - 192 IS - 1 SP - 3-19 SN - 1872-7042 KW - nutrients KW - irrigation KW - stand productivity KW - long term responses KW - loblolly pine ER - TY - JOUR TI - How do frugivores track resources? Insights from spatial analyses of bird foraging in a tropical forest AU - Saracco, JF AU - Collazo, JA AU - Groom, MJ T2 - OECOLOGIA DA - 2004/4// PY - 2004/4// DO - 10.1007/s00442-004-1493-7 VL - 139 IS - 2 SP - 235-245 SN - 1432-1939 KW - facilitation KW - frugivory KW - Puerto Rico KW - spatial correlograms KW - tanagers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Forest forecasts: does individual heterogeneity matter for market and landscape outcomes? AU - Pattanayak, SK AU - Abt, RC AU - Sommer, AJ AU - Cubbage, F AU - Murray, BC AU - Yang, JC AU - Wear, D AU - Alm, S T2 - FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS AB - Recent econometric analyses have shown that timber supply choices reflect heterogeneous preferences for amenities and management of forests in the US South. However, this evidence is insufficient to determine whether timber market models that rely on conventional timber supply specifications will suffer from significant forecasting biases. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the nature and extent of such bias by (a) modifying the Sub-Regional Timber Supply (SRTS) model to reflect landowner heterogeneity; and (b) using estimated parameters to tie timber markets to heterogeneous individual supply choices. We find that conventional models will underestimate the ending period inventory volume in the younger age classes of all forest management types, except planted pines. These aggregate results mask interesting sub-regional patterns, as exemplified by mixed-pine forests of Virginia mountains, Florida panhandle, and North Carolina mountains, and natural pine forests of North Carolina piedmont. Compared to empirically valid models, conventional models will also estimate (a) lower timber prices, higher harvests and substantially higher inventory for softwood species; and (b) higher prices, lower harvests, and higher inventory for hardwood species. A case study from North Carolina also indicates significant differences in habitat forecasts for 61 species of birds, amphibians, and reptiles. We conclude with a synthesis of the key underlying forces that supplement or mitigate the heterogeneity impact, and a discussion of the bias-vs.-efficiency tradeoffs confronting policy makers and policy analysts who rely on forest sector projection models. DA - 2004/6// PY - 2004/6// DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2004.03.017 VL - 6 IS - 3-4 SP - 243-260 SN - 1872-7050 KW - timber supply KW - amenity demand KW - wildlife habitat KW - forest inventory projection KW - southern US forests ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seedling evaluation of Atlantic coastal and piedmont sources of loblolly pine and their hybrids for height growth AU - Kegley, A. J. AU - Mckeand, S. E. AU - Li, B. L. T2 - Southern Journal of Applied Forestry DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 83-90 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Response of Gaultheria shallon and Epilobium angustifolium to large additions of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer AU - Bennett, JN AU - Lapthorne, BM AU - Blevins, LL AU - Prescott, CE T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE AB - A study was established in coastal British Columbia to determine if repeated nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization negatively influences the reestablishment of salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh) on cleared and burned cedar–hemlock (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don – Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) forests. Fertilizers were applied for 3 years, and the biomass of ground vegetation and conifer seedling survival and growth were measured. Salal biomass decreased with high levels of N application (1000 kg N/ha), but not when 400 kg P/ha was added with 1000 kg N/ha. The addition of 500 kg N/ha, with or without P, stimulated salal growth. The biomass of fireweed (Epilobium angusti folium L.) increased with the addition of N + P but not with N alone. In the high N and N + P treatments, conifer seedling survival and heights were reduced. These results confirm earlier reports that salal responds negatively to high N applications and that this negative response can be alleviated with simultaneous additions of P. The response of fireweed to N + P, but not to N alone, suggests that the abundance of this species is more indicative of P than N availability. DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// DO - 10.1139/X03-219 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 502-506 SN - 0045-5067 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Monthly leaf area index estimates from point-in-time measurements and needle phenology for Pinus taeda (vol 33, pg 2477, 2003) AU - Sampson, D. A. AU - Albaugh, T. J. AU - Johnson, K. H. AU - Allen, H. L. AU - Zarnoch, S. J. T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 34 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microbial biomass and bacterial functional diversity in forest soils: effects of organic matter removal, compaction, and vegetation control AU - Li, Q. C. AU - Allen, Howard AU - Wollum, A. G. T2 - Soil Biology & Biochemistry DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1016/j.soilbio.12.001 VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 571–579 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microarray analysis of genes preferentially expressed in differentiating xylem of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) AU - Yang, SH AU - Zyl, L AU - No, EG AU - Loopstra, CA T2 - PLANT SCIENCE AB - Wood formation (xylogenesis) is a critical developmental process for all woody land plants. As an initial step to understand the molecular basis for temporal and spatial regulation of xylogenesis and the effect of the expression of individual genes on physical and chemical properties of wood, we compared transcript profiles of differentiating loblolly pine xylem with needles, megagametophytes, and embryos. A microarray containing approximately 1500 ESTs with putative functions of interest, selected from loblolly pine normal wood, compression wood, late wood and planings (deeper cell layers) xylem cDNA libraries, was constructed and screened. Using a P-value = 0.01, 440 genes in the xylem versus megagametophyte, 401 genes in the xylem versus embryo and 191 genes in the xylem versus needle tissue comparisons were identified as differentially expressed genes. Among these, 204 genes in the xylem versus megagametophyte, 178 genes in the xylem versus embryo and 85 genes in the xylem versus needle tissue comparisons were identified as genes preferentially expressed in xylem. Real-time RT-PCR was used to test overall validity of the microarray data. DA - 2004/5// PY - 2004/5// DO - 10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.12.030 VL - 166 IS - 5 SP - 1185-1195 SN - 0168-9452 KW - microarray KW - loblolly pine KW - xylogenesis KW - xylem preferential expression ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetics of Postzygotic Isolation in Eucalyptus: Whole-Genome Analysis of Barriers to Introgression in a Wide Interspecific Cross of Eucalyptus grandis and E. globulus AU - Myburg, Alexander A. AU - Vogl, Claus AU - Griffin, A. Rod AU - Sederoff, Ronald R. AU - Whetten, Ross W. T2 - Genetics AB - The genetic architecture of hybrid fitness characters can provide valuable insights into the nature and evolution of postzygotic reproductive barriers in diverged species. We determined the genome-wide distribution of barriers to introgression in an F(1) hybrid of two Eucalyptus tree species, Eucalyptus grandis (W. Hill ex Maiden.) and E. globulus (Labill.). Two interspecific backcross families (N = 186) were used to construct comparative, single-tree, genetic linkage maps of an F(1) hybrid individual and two backcross parents. A total of 1354 testcross AFLP marker loci were evaluated in the three parental maps and a substantial proportion (27.7% average) exhibited transmission ratio distortion (alpha = 0.05). The distorted markers were located in distinct regions of the parental maps and marker alleles within each region were all biased toward either of the two parental species. We used a Bayesian approach to estimate the position and effect of transmission ratio distorting loci (TRDLs) in the distorted regions of each parental linkage map. The relative viability of TRDL alleles ranged from 0.20 to 0.72. Contrary to expectation, heterospecific (donor) alleles of TRDLs were favored as often as recurrent alleles in both backcrosses, suggesting that positive and negative heterospecific interactions affect introgression rates in this wide interspecific pedigree. DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// DO - 10.1534/genetics.166.3.1405 VL - 166 IS - 3 SP - 1405-1418 J2 - Genetics LA - en OP - SN - 0016-6731 1943-2631 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.166.3.1405 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficiency of seedlings and rooted cuttings for testing and selection in Pinus taeda AU - Isik, F. AU - Li, B. L. AU - Frampton, J. AU - Goldfarb, B. T2 - Forest Science DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 50 IS - 1 SP - 44-53 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An auxin-inducible gene from loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) is differentially expressed in mature and juvenile-phase shoots and encodes a putative transmembrane protein AU - Busov, Victor B. AU - Johannes, Eva AU - Whetten, Ross W. AU - Sederoff, Ronald R. AU - Spiker, Steven L. AU - Lanz-Garcia, Carmen AU - Goldfarb, Barry T2 - Planta DA - 2004/4/1/ PY - 2004/4/1/ DO - 10.1007/s00425-003-1175-4 VL - 218 IS - 6 SP - 916-927 J2 - Planta OP - SN - 0032-0935 1432-2048 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-003-1175-4 DB - Crossref KW - adventitious root formation KW - auxin KW - gene expression (5NG4) KW - maturation KW - nodulin KW - Pinus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Time trend of genetic parameters in growth traits of Pinus taeda L. AU - Xiang, B. AU - Li, B. AU - Isik, F. T2 - Silvae Genetica DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 52 IS - 3 SP - 114-121 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of reduced glutathione on morphology and gene expression of white spruce (Picea glauca) somatic embryos AU - Stasolla, C AU - Belmonte, MF AU - Zyl, L AU - Craig, DL AU - Liu, WB AU - Yeung, EC AU - Sederoff, RR T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY AB - Inclusions of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the maturation medium increased the conversion frequency of white spruce somatic embryos without the need of a partial drying treatment (PDT). This beneficial effect was the result of major alterations in morphology and gene expression during the maturation period. Compared with control embryos, GSH-treated embryos showed a differential accumulation of storage products, i.e. preferential deposition of starch, the reduced formation of protein bodies, and increased vacuolation of cells. These morphological changes correlated with extensive alterations of gene expression occurring throughout the maturation period. The transcript profiles of stage-specific embryos matured with or without GSH were analysed using a DNA microarray containing 2 178 cDNAs from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). The efficiency of heterologous hybridization between spruce and pine species on microarrays has previously been documented. The results indicate that several genes involved in a variety of signal regulatory pathways were differentially expressed in developing GSH- treated embryos. The transcript levels of many genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis were altered by the presence of GSH and denoted differences in physiology between treatments. Extensive changes in the expression of genes participating in hormone synthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and meristem formation were also observed and related to the post-embryonic performance of the embryos. DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// DO - 10.1093/jxb/erh074 VL - 55 IS - 397 SP - 695-709 SN - 1460-2431 KW - embryogenesis KW - glutathione KW - microarray KW - transcript levels ER - TY - JOUR TI - Respiratory carbon use and carbon storage in mid-rotation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations: the effect of site resources on the stand carbon balance AU - Maier, CA AU - Albaugh, TJ AU - Allen, HL AU - Dougherty, PM T2 - GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY AB - Abstract We used estimates of autotrophic respiration ( R A ), net primary productivity (NPP) and soil CO 2 evolution ( S ff ), to develop component carbon budgets for 12‐year‐old loblolly pine plantations during the fifth year of a fertilization and irrigation experiment. Annual carbon use in R A was 7.5, 9.0, 15.0, and 15.1 Mg C ha −1 in control (C), irrigated (I), fertilized (F) and irrigated and fertilized (IF) treatments, respectively. Foliage, fine root and perennial woody tissue (stem, branch, coarse and taproot) respiration accounted for, respectively, 37%, 24%, and 39% of R A in C and I treatments and 38%, 12% and 50% of R A in F and IF treatments. Annual gross primary production (GPP=NPP+ R A ) ranged from 13.1 to 26.6 Mg C ha −1 . The I, F, and IF treatments resulted in a 21, 94, and 103% increase in GPP, respectively, compared to the C treatment. Despite large treatment differences in NPP, R A , and carbon allocation, carbon use efficiency (CUE=NPP/GPP) averaged 0.42 and was unaffected by manipulating site resources. Ecosystem respiration ( R E ), the sum of S ff , and above ground R A , ranged from 12.8 to 20.2 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 . S ff contributed the largest proportion of R E , but the relative importance of S ff decreased from 0.63 in C treatments to 0.47 in IF treatments because of increased aboveground R A . Aboveground woody tissue R A was 15% of R E in C and I treatments compared to 25% of R E in F and IF treatments. Net ecosystem productivity (NEP=GPP‐ R E ) was roughly 0 in the C and I treatments and 6.4 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 in F and IF treatments, indicating that non‐fertilized treatments were neither a source nor a sink for atmospheric carbon while fertilized treatments were carbon sinks. In these young stands, NEP is tightly linked to NPP; increased ecosystem carbon storage results mainly from an increase in foliage and perennial woody biomass. DA - 2004/8// PY - 2004/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00809.x VL - 10 IS - 8 SP - 1335-1350 SN - 1365-2486 KW - carbon budget KW - ecosystem respiration KW - gross primary productivity KW - growth respiration KW - maintenance respiration KW - net ecosystem productivity KW - net primary productivity KW - pine plantation KW - Pinus taeda L. KW - soil CO2 evolution ER - TY - JOUR TI - Genetic mapping in (Populus tomentosa x Populus bolleana) and P-tomentosa Carr. using AFLP markers AU - Zhang, D AU - Zhang, Z AU - Yang, K AU - Li, B T2 - THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// DO - 10.1007/s00122-003-1478-7 VL - 108 IS - 4 SP - 657-662 SN - 1432-2242 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating site occupancy and species detection probability parameters for terrestrial salamanders AU - Bailey, LL AU - Simons, TR AU - Pollock, KH T2 - ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AB - Recent, worldwide amphibian declines have highlighted a need for more extensive and rigorous monitoring programs to document species occurrence and detect population change. Abundance estimation methods, such as mark–recapture, are often expensive and impractical for large‐scale or long‐term amphibian monitoring. We apply a new method to estimate proportion of area occupied using detection/nondetection data from a terrestrial salamander system in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Estimated species‐specific detection probabilities were all <1 and varied among seven species and four sampling methods. Time (i.e., sampling occasion) and four large‐scale habitat characteristics (previous disturbance history, vegetation type, elevation, and stream presence) were important covariates in estimates of both proportion of area occupied and detection probability. All sampling methods were consistent in their ability to identify important covariates for each salamander species. We believe proportion of area occupied represents a useful state variable for large‐scale monitoring programs. However, our results emphasize the importance of estimating detection and occupancy probabilities rather than using an unadjusted proportion of sites where species are observed where actual occupancy probabilities are confounded with detection probabilities. Estimated detection probabilities accommodate variations in sampling effort; thus comparisons of occupancy probabilities are possible among studies with different sampling protocols. DA - 2004/6// PY - 2004/6// DO - 10.1890/03-5012 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 692-702 SN - 1051-0761 KW - amphibian KW - detection probability KW - Great Smoky Mountains National Park KW - monitoring KW - plethodontid salamanders KW - site occupancy ER - TY - JOUR TI - A method of food supplementation for ground-foraging insectivorous songbirds AU - Podolsky, AL AU - Simons, TR AU - Collazo, JA T2 - JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY AB - Food supplementation can be an important experimental technique in studies of avian reproductive ecology, energetics, and parental care. We developed a method of food supplementation suitable for ground-foraging insectivorous passerines and tested it on Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) and Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina). We provided mealworms at feeding stations made of plastic transparency film covered with a thin layer of green moss. Feeding stations were placed on the ground or on logs or boulders in the vicinity of nests. Direct and indirect evidence suggested that 92% of breeding Ovenbirds and 79% of breeding Wood Thrushes used supplemental food. The impact of non-target consumers was not significant: they were observed eating mealworms at approximately one-third of our food-supplemented nests. However, diurnal non-target consumers were only detected on a single occasion for each species, and nocturnal consumers fed on small amounts of mealworms left after daytime feeding experiments. This method proved very effective for Ovenbirds and Wood Thrushes, and it may be applicable to other ground-foraging insectivorous passerines. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1648/0273-8570-75.3.296 VL - 75 IS - 3 SP - 296-302 SN - 1557-9263 KW - food supplementation KW - ground-foraging songbirds KW - Hylocichla mustelina KW - Ovenbird KW - Seiurus aurocapilla KW - Wood Thrush ER - TY - JOUR TI - A preliminary assessment of Montreal Process indicators of forest fragmentation for the United States AU - Riitters, KH AU - Wickham, JD AU - Coulston, JW T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// DO - 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000009240.65355.92 VL - 91 IS - 1-3 SP - 257-276 SN - 1573-2959 KW - fragmentation KW - land cover KW - Montreal Process KW - national assessment KW - spatial pattern ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of near infrared spectroscopy to predict lignin content in tropical and sub-tropical pines AU - Hodge, GR AU - Woodbridge, WC T2 - JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AB - Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to predict lignin content for trees from five species of tropical and sub-tropical pines ( Pinus caribaea, P. maximinoi, P. oocarpa, P. patula and P. tecunumanii) grown in Brazil and Colombia. Breast height disks were taken from 174 trees and wedges from the disks were sectioned to sample juvenile and mature wood. The sections were ground into woodmeal and NIR reflectance spectra were measured on both unextracted woodmeal and woodmeal with extractives removed. Klason lignin content was measured on the woodmeal samples and partial least squares were used to fit calibration equations to predict lignin content from the reflectance spectra. Good prediction models were obtained regardless of which data set (i.e. combinations of species and regions) was used for the model calibration. A model using reflectance spectra for woodmeal with extractives removed and combining data for all species across both regions had an R 2 of 0.90 and standard error of cross-validation of 0.43% lignin for the calibration data set and an R 2 = 0.91 and standard error of 0.40% for the validation data set. Calibration equations developed using only Brazilian or Colombian data were tested on the other data set. Predictions were very good, with prediction R 2 ranging from 0.83 to 0.90 and standard errors of prediction from 0.43 to 0.54% lignin. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1255/jnirs.447 VL - 12 IS - 6 SP - 381-390 SN - 1751-6552 KW - NIR KW - lignin KW - breeding KW - indirect selection KW - wood quality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vulnerability of Mid-Atlantic forested watersheds to timber harvest disturbance AU - Schaberg, RH AU - Abt, RC T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT DA - 2004/6// PY - 2004/6// DO - 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000016882.72472.e1 VL - 94 IS - 1-3 SP - 101-113 SN - 0167-6369 KW - environmental modeling KW - forest landscape modeling KW - regional vulnerability assessment KW - simulation model KW - timber harvest KW - watershed KW - Mid-Atlantic ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variation in juvenile traits of natural black poplar (Populus nigra L.) clones in Turkey AU - Isik, F AU - Toplu, F T2 - NEW FORESTS DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// DO - 10.1023/A:1025071515826 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 175-187 SN - 0169-4286 KW - apical dominance KW - clonal variance KW - nursery trial KW - principal component analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seeing the forest for the fuel AU - Pattanayak, S. K. AU - Sills, Erin AU - Kramer, R. A. T2 - Environment and Development Economics DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1017/S135570X03001220 VL - 9 IS - 2004 Apr SP - 155–179 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimation of tracheid morphological characteristics of green Pinus taeda L. radial strips by near infrared spectroscopy AU - Schimleck, L. R. AU - Mora, C. AU - Daniels, R. F. T2 - Wood and Fiber Science DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 527-535 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effective community responses to wildfire threats: Lessons from New Mexico AU - Steelman, TA AU - Kunkel, GF T2 - SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES AB - National policies to address the wildfire threat in the United States place emphasis on community responsiveness, but great uncertainty surrounds the scope and success of community response to wildfire threats and why some communities foster effective responses while others fail to do so. Two case studies of community responses to wildfire threats in New Mexico are explored. A decision process framework illustrates how an effective response can be defined. Findings indicate that an effective community response to wildfire means that a community works through all stages of the decision process with appropriate social and structural responses to its specific threat. DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.1080/08941920490480697 VL - 17 IS - 8 SP - 679-699 SN - 1521-0723 KW - community response KW - decision process KW - New Mexico KW - Ruidoso KW - Santa Fe watershed KW - social response KW - structural response KW - wildfire threat ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparing population size estimators for plethodontid salamanders AU - Bailey, LL AU - Simons, TR AU - Pollock, KH T2 - JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY AB - Despite concern over amphibian declines, few studies estimate absolute abundances because of logistic and economic constraints and previously poor estimator performance. Two estimation approaches recommended for amphibian studies are mark-recapture and depletion (or removal) sampling. We compared abundance estimation via various mark-recapture and depletion methods, using data from a three-year study of terrestrial salamanders in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Our results indicate that short-term closed-population, robust design, and depletion methods estimate surface population of salamanders (i.e., those near the surface and available for capture during a given sampling occasion). In longer duration studies, temporary emigration violates assumptions of both open- and closed-population mark-recapture estimation models. However, if the temporary emigration is completely random, these models should yield unbiased estimates of the total population (superpopulation) of salamanders in the sampled area. We recommend using Pollock's robust design in mark-recapture studies because of its flexibility to incorporate variation in capture probabilities and to estimate temporary emigration probabilities. DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.1670/194-03A VL - 38 IS - 3 SP - 370-380 SN - 1937-2418 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon storage in afromontane rain forests of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania: Their net contribution to atmospheric carbon AU - Munishi, P. K. T. AU - Shear, T. H. T2 - Journal of Tropical Forest Science DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 78-93 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A preliminary assessment of the Montreal process indicators of air pollution for the United States AU - Coulston, JW AU - Riitters, KH AU - Smith, GC T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000029895.96868.f8 VL - 95 IS - 1-3 SP - 57-74 SN - 1573-2959 KW - acid deposition KW - forest health and vitality KW - multivariate clustering KW - ozone biomonitoring KW - spatial analysis KW - sustainable forests KW - tropospheric ozone ER - TY - JOUR TI - A blocking Gibbs sampling method to detect major genes with phenotypic data from a diallel mating AU - Zeng, W AU - Ghosh, S AU - Li, BL T2 - GENETICS RESEARCH AB - Diallel mating is a frequently used design for estimating the additive and dominance genetic (polygenic) effects involved in quantitative traits observed in the half- and full-sib progenies generated in plant breeding programmes. Gibbs sampling has been used for making statistical inferences for a mixed-inheritance model (MIM) that includes both major genes and polygenes. However, using this approach it has not been possible to incorporate the genetic properties of major genes with the additive and dominance polygenic effects in a diallel mating population. A parent block Gibbs sampling method was developed in this study to make statistical inferences about the major gene and polygenic effects on quantitative traits for progenies derived from a half-diallel mating design. Using simulated data sets with different major and polygenic effects, the proposed method accurately estimated the major and polygenic effects of quantitative traits, and possible genotypes of parents and progenies. The impact of specifying different prior distributions was examined and was found to have little effect on inference on the posterior distribution. This approach was applied to an experimental data set of Loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) derived from a 6-parent half-diallel mating. The result indicated that there might be a recessive major gene affecting height growth in this diallel population. DA - 2004/4// PY - 2004/4// DO - 10.1017/S0016672304006718 VL - 83 IS - 2 SP - 143-154 SN - 1469-5073 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial and temporal variation in detection probability of plethodon salamanders using the robust capture-recapture design AU - Bailey, LL AU - Simons, TR AU - Pollock, KH T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AB - Recent worldwide amphibian declines have highlighted a need for long-term, large-scale monitoring programs. Scientific or management objectives, appropriate spatial sampling, and detectability all must be considered when designing monitoring programs (Yoccoz et al. 2001). The ability to establish meaningful monitoring programs currently is compromised by a lack of information about amphibian detection probabilities. We used Pollock's robust design and capture–recapture models that included temporary emigration to test a priori hypotheses about spatial and temporal variation in salamander detection probability parameters for populations found in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Tennessee/North Carolina), USA. We explored the effects of 3 large-scale habitat characteristics (disturbance history, elevation, vegetation type) and found that vegetation type and elevation were correlated with detection probabilities. Vegetation type was an important covariant in estimates of temporary emigration, conditional capture probability, and surface population size. Contrasts that isolated elevation effects were significant for all detection probability parameters except recapture probability, despite our small elevational range (330 m). When detection probability parameters have the potential to vary over time and space, investigators should develop monitoring designs that permit the estimation of detection probabilities. DA - 2004/1// PY - 2004/1// DO - 10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0014:SATVID]2.0.CO;2 VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 14-24 SN - 0022-541X KW - capture-recapture KW - detection probability KW - great smoky mountains national park KW - plethodontid salamanders KW - pollock's robust design KW - program MARK KW - spatial variation KW - temporary emigration ER - TY - JOUR TI - Landowner attitudes regarding wildlife management on private land in North Carolina AU - Daley, SS AU - Cobb, DT AU - Bromley, PT AU - Sorenson, CE T2 - WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN AB - Early-successional habitats across the southeast United States have declined considerably in recent years amid rising human population growth and associated development. Recognizing the declining wildlife populations associated with early-successional habitats and the need for influence over habitat on private land, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission established the Cooperative Upland Habitat Restoration and Enhancement (CURE) Program in August 2000. The program targets private landowners in 3 select regions of the state (Upper Coastal Plain I, Upper Coastal Plain II, and Western Piedmont). Survey research was conducted in the 3 CURE Program areas to 1) evaluate demographic and landownership attributes of private landowners and associated land-use characteristics, 2) assess regional differences in landowner attitudes and behavior toward wildlife management on private land, 3) identify landowner attributes related to regional differences in attitude or behavior, and 4) evaluate how regional differences will impact future CURE Program guidelines. Landowner attitudes toward wildlife in North Carolina are closely linked to property use and reliance on land for direct economic income (i.e., agricultural production). Landowners who depended on their property for earned annual income were less likely to consider the aesthetic or intrinsic value of wildlife on their land than those who did not rely on their land for income. For some landowners, financial incentives alone appeared sufficient to encourage participation in the CURE Program. Other landowners were less interested in financial rewards. For these landowners, alternative forms of encouragement, such as partnerships with agencies and organizations, might be more effective. Understanding variability in landowner attitudes and behavior toward wildlife habitat is critical to the success of private-land wildlife habitat management programs. In North Carolina the success of the CURE Program will depend on tailoring the program to fit regional differences in landowner values, attitudes, and behavior. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[209:LARWMO]2.0.CO;2 VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 209-219 SN - 1938-5463 KW - attitudes KW - behavior KW - human dimensions KW - landowner KW - North Carolina KW - private land KW - telephone KW - survey KW - wildlife management ER -