TY - CHAP TI - Marine Hydrokinetic Energy in the Gulf Stream Off North Carolina: An Assessment Using Observations and Ocean Circulation Models AU - Lowcher, Caroline F AU - Muglia, Michael AU - Bane, John M AU - He, Ruoying AU - Gong, Yanlin AU - Haines, Sara M T2 - Marine Renewable Energy PY - 2017/// SP - 237-258 PB - Springer, Cham ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marine Hydrokinetic Energy in the Gulf Stream Off North Carolina: An Assessment Using Observations and Ocean Circulation Models AU - Lowcher, Caroline F. AU - Muglia, Michael AU - Bane, John M. AU - He, Ruoying AU - Gong, Yanlin AU - Haines, Sara M. T2 - Marine Renewable Energy DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-53536-4_10 SP - 237-258 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Mapping the Soundscape Off the Southeastern USA by Using Passive Acoustic Glider Technology AU - Wall, Carrie C. AU - Mann, David A. AU - Lembke, Chad AU - Taylor, Chris AU - He, Ruoying AU - Kellison, Todd A3 - Figshare DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.6084/m9.figshare.4632199 RP - Abstract ; The purpose of this study was to explore the soundscape of shelf-edge Atlantic waters of the southeastern USA (SEUS) during winter by using passive acoustic and autonomous glider technologies, with a focus on the distribution of groupers. An autonomous glider was deployed off the SEUS coast near Cape Canaveral, Florida, on March 3, 2014, and transited to Cape Fear, North Carolina, where it was retrieved on April 1, 2014. Using satellite and hydrodynamic model data for guidance, the glider piloted in and out of the Gulf Stream, taking advantage of the high currents to reach the targeted sampling area. Ambient noise was recorded by an integrated passive acoustic recorder during the 29-d mission, in which the glider traveled 895 km and reached waters 267 m deep. A variety of sounds was identified in the acoustic recordings, including sounds generated by Red Grouper Epinephelus morio and toadfishes Opsanus sp.; two sounds previously documented in the Gulf of Mexico that were suspected to be produced by fish; whistles and echolocation from marine mammals; and extensive vessel noise. Numerous sounds from previously undocumented sources were also recorded. The Red Grouper was the only serranid that was consistently identified from the sound data, with detections occurring within and outside of South Atlantic Fishery Management Council marine protected areas. This research demonstrates the potential utility of a glider-based passive acoustic approach as a component of a program to map fish, marine mammal, and vessel distributions over large scales. Received February 16, 2016; accepted October 20, 2016 PB - Figshare UR - https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4632199 N1 - Abstract ; The purpose of this study was to explore the soundscape of shelf-edge Atlantic waters of the southeastern USA (SEUS) during winter by using passive acoustic and autonomous glider technologies, with a focus on the distribution of groupers. An autonomous glider was deployed off the SEUS coast near Cape Canaveral, Florida, on March 3, 2014, and transited to Cape Fear, North Carolina, where it was retrieved on April 1, 2014. Using satellite and hydrodynamic model data for guidance, the glider piloted in and out of the Gulf Stream, taking advantage of the high currents to reach the targeted sampling area. Ambient noise was recorded by an integrated passive acoustic recorder during the 29-d mission, in which the glider traveled 895 km and reached waters 267 m deep. A variety of sounds was identified in the acoustic recordings, including sounds generated by Red Grouper Epinephelus morio and toadfishes Opsanus sp.; two sounds previously documented in the Gulf of Mexico that were suspected to be produced by fish; whistles and echolocation from marine mammals; and extensive vessel noise. Numerous sounds from previously undocumented sources were also recorded. The Red Grouper was the only serranid that was consistently identified from the sound data, with detections occurring within and outside of South Atlantic Fishery Management Council marine protected areas. This research demonstrates the potential utility of a glider-based passive acoustic approach as a component of a program to map fish, marine mammal, and vessel distributions over large scales. Received February 16, 2016; accepted October 20, 2016 RN - Abstract ; The purpose of this study was to explore the soundscape of shelf-edge Atlantic waters of the southeastern USA (SEUS) during winter by using passive acoustic and autonomous glider technologies, with a focus on the distribution of groupers. An autonomous glider was deployed off the SEUS coast near Cape Canaveral, Florida, on March 3, 2014, and transited to Cape Fear, North Carolina, where it was retrieved on April 1, 2014. Using satellite and hydrodynamic model data for guidance, the glider piloted in and out of the Gulf Stream, taking advantage of the high currents to reach the targeted sampling area. Ambient noise was recorded by an integrated passive acoustic recorder during the 29-d mission, in which the glider traveled 895 km and reached waters 267 m deep. A variety of sounds was identified in the acoustic recordings, including sounds generated by Red Grouper Epinephelus morio and toadfishes Opsanus sp.; two sounds previously documented in the Gulf of Mexico that were suspected to be produced by fish; whistles and echolocation from marine mammals; and extensive vessel noise. Numerous sounds from previously undocumented sources were also recorded. The Red Grouper was the only serranid that was consistently identified from the sound data, with detections occurring within and outside of South Atlantic Fishery Management Council marine protected areas. This research demonstrates the potential utility of a glider-based passive acoustic approach as a component of a program to map fish, marine mammal, and vessel distributions over large scales. Received February 16, 2016; accepted October 20, 2016 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Mapping the Soundscape Off the Southeastern USA by Using Passive Acoustic Glider Technology AU - Wall, Carrie C. AU - Mann, David A. AU - Lembke, Chad AU - Taylor, Chris AU - He, Ruoying AU - Kellison, Todd A3 - Figshare DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.6084/m9.figshare.4632199.v1 RP - Abstract ; The purpose of this study was to explore the soundscape of shelf-edge Atlantic waters of the southeastern USA (SEUS) during winter by using passive acoustic and autonomous glider technologies, with a focus on the distribution of groupers. An autonomous glider was deployed off the SEUS coast near Cape Canaveral, Florida, on March 3, 2014, and transited to Cape Fear, North Carolina, where it was retrieved on April 1, 2014. Using satellite and hydrodynamic model data for guidance, the glider piloted in and out of the Gulf Stream, taking advantage of the high currents to reach the targeted sampling area. Ambient noise was recorded by an integrated passive acoustic recorder during the 29-d mission, in which the glider traveled 895 km and reached waters 267 m deep. A variety of sounds was identified in the acoustic recordings, including sounds generated by Red Grouper Epinephelus morio and toadfishes Opsanus sp.; two sounds previously documented in the Gulf of Mexico that were suspected to be produced by fish; whistles and echolocation from marine mammals; and extensive vessel noise. Numerous sounds from previously undocumented sources were also recorded. The Red Grouper was the only serranid that was consistently identified from the sound data, with detections occurring within and outside of South Atlantic Fishery Management Council marine protected areas. This research demonstrates the potential utility of a glider-based passive acoustic approach as a component of a program to map fish, marine mammal, and vessel distributions over large scales. Received February 16, 2016; accepted October 20, 2016 PB - Figshare UR - https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4632199.v1 N1 - Abstract ; The purpose of this study was to explore the soundscape of shelf-edge Atlantic waters of the southeastern USA (SEUS) during winter by using passive acoustic and autonomous glider technologies, with a focus on the distribution of groupers. An autonomous glider was deployed off the SEUS coast near Cape Canaveral, Florida, on March 3, 2014, and transited to Cape Fear, North Carolina, where it was retrieved on April 1, 2014. Using satellite and hydrodynamic model data for guidance, the glider piloted in and out of the Gulf Stream, taking advantage of the high currents to reach the targeted sampling area. Ambient noise was recorded by an integrated passive acoustic recorder during the 29-d mission, in which the glider traveled 895 km and reached waters 267 m deep. A variety of sounds was identified in the acoustic recordings, including sounds generated by Red Grouper Epinephelus morio and toadfishes Opsanus sp.; two sounds previously documented in the Gulf of Mexico that were suspected to be produced by fish; whistles and echolocation from marine mammals; and extensive vessel noise. Numerous sounds from previously undocumented sources were also recorded. The Red Grouper was the only serranid that was consistently identified from the sound data, with detections occurring within and outside of South Atlantic Fishery Management Council marine protected areas. This research demonstrates the potential utility of a glider-based passive acoustic approach as a component of a program to map fish, marine mammal, and vessel distributions over large scales. Received February 16, 2016; accepted October 20, 2016 RN - Abstract ; The purpose of this study was to explore the soundscape of shelf-edge Atlantic waters of the southeastern USA (SEUS) during winter by using passive acoustic and autonomous glider technologies, with a focus on the distribution of groupers. An autonomous glider was deployed off the SEUS coast near Cape Canaveral, Florida, on March 3, 2014, and transited to Cape Fear, North Carolina, where it was retrieved on April 1, 2014. Using satellite and hydrodynamic model data for guidance, the glider piloted in and out of the Gulf Stream, taking advantage of the high currents to reach the targeted sampling area. Ambient noise was recorded by an integrated passive acoustic recorder during the 29-d mission, in which the glider traveled 895 km and reached waters 267 m deep. A variety of sounds was identified in the acoustic recordings, including sounds generated by Red Grouper Epinephelus morio and toadfishes Opsanus sp.; two sounds previously documented in the Gulf of Mexico that were suspected to be produced by fish; whistles and echolocation from marine mammals; and extensive vessel noise. Numerous sounds from previously undocumented sources were also recorded. The Red Grouper was the only serranid that was consistently identified from the sound data, with detections occurring within and outside of South Atlantic Fishery Management Council marine protected areas. This research demonstrates the potential utility of a glider-based passive acoustic approach as a component of a program to map fish, marine mammal, and vessel distributions over large scales. Received February 16, 2016; accepted October 20, 2016 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dataset for: An Integrated ocean circulation, wave, atmosphere and marine ecosystem prediction system for the South Atlantic Might and Gulf of Mexico AU - Zuo Xue, Joseph Zambon AU - Zhigang Yao, Yuchuan Liu AU - He, Ruoying DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.7266/N7MP51QM UR - https://doi.org/10.7266/N7MP51QM ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cloud free Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-a analysis (2003-2012) AU - Ruoying He, Taylor Shropshire AU - Li, Yizhen DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.7266/N73R0R8M UR - https://doi.org/10.7266/N73R0R8M ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interactive comment on "Distinct phases of eustatism and tectonics control the Late Quaternary landscape evolution at the southern coastline of Crete" by Vasiliki Mouslopoulou et al.; Clarifying points on the response of Mouslopoulou et al. to short comment by Gallen and Wegmann AU - Gallen, S.F. AU - Wegmann, K.W. T2 - Earth Surface Dynamics DA - 2017/1/30/ PY - 2017/1/30/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Landscape evolution comparison between Sacra Mensa, Mars and the Grand Mesa, Colorado, USA AU - Chesnutt, J.M. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Cole, R.D. AU - Byrne, P.K. C2 - 2017/// C3 - American Geophysical Union, 2017 Fall Meeting DA - 2017/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Leave it to Beavers: Evaluating the potential for down-stream water quality improvements of incised stream systems in eastern North Carolina using natural and analog beaver dams AU - Lee, A.A. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Travels, D.T. T2 - Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina 19th Annual Conference C2 - 2017/// C3 - Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina 19th Annual Conference CY - Raleigh, N.C DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/3/15/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Topographic signatures of extensional tectonic landforms at Alba Mons, Mars AU - Stufflefield, R.K. AU - Byrne, P.K. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Kling, C.L. T2 - American Geophysical Union, 2017 Fall Meeting C2 - 2017/// C3 - American Geophysical Union, 2017 Fall Meeting CY - New Orleans, LA DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/12/11/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interactive comment on "Distinct phases of eustatism and tectonics control the Late Quaternary landscape evolution at the southern coastline of Crete" by Vasiliki Mouslopoulou et al. AU - Gallen, S.F. AU - Wegmann, K.W. T2 - Earth Surface Dynamics DA - 2017/1/8/ PY - 2017/1/8/ UR - http://www.earth-surf-dynam-discuss.net/esurf-2016-62/esurf-2016-62-SC1-supplement.pdf ER - TY - CONF TI - The formation of pit craters within Noctis Labyrinthus, Mars AU - Kling, C.L. AU - Byrne, P.K. AU - Wyrick, D.Y. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Mitasova, H. C2 - 2017/// C3 - Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs DA - 2017/// DO - 10.1130/abs/2017am-307391 VL - 49 M1 - 6 ER - TY - CONF TI - Contrasting late Miocene to present landscape evolution across Mongolia's Khangay Mountains through the lens of chemical and physical weathering processes AU - Bayasgalan, G. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Fodor, R.V. AU - Amgalan, Bayasgalan C2 - 2017/// C3 - Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs DA - 2017/// DO - 10.1130/abs/2017AM-302911 VL - 49 M1 - 6 ER - TY - CONF TI - Surficial, bedrock and geohazard map of the Mesa Lakes Quadrangle, Grand Mesa Colorado AU - Chesnutt, J.M. AU - Pawl, T.A. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Cole, R.D. AU - Byrne, P.K. AU - White, J.L. C2 - 2017/// C3 - Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs DA - 2017/// DO - 10.1130/abs/2017am-305117 VL - 49 M1 - 6 PB - Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs ER - TY - CONF TI - A Holocene earthquake record from Lake Crescent, Olympic Peninsula, Washington AU - Leithold, E.L. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D.R. C2 - 2017/// C3 - Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs DA - 2017/// DO - 10.1130/abs/2017am-300149 VL - 49 M1 - 6 PB - Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs ER - TY - CONF TI - Extensional tectonics at Alba Mons: A case study of regional and local stress fields AU - Stubblefield, R.K. AU - Byrne, P.K. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Kling, C.L. C2 - 2017/// C3 - Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs DA - 2017/// DO - 10.1130/abs/2017am-307262 VL - 49 ER - TY - CONF TI - Lacustrine paleoseismology from Lake Crescent confirms multiple Holocene ruptures of the Lake Creek - Boundary Creek fault zone in response to northward convergence and clockwise rotation of the northern Olympic Peninsula, Washington AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Leithold, E.L. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D.R. AU - Joyner, C. AU - Pollen, A.F. C2 - 2017/// C3 - Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs DA - 2017/// DO - 10.1130/abs/2017AM-305062 VL - 49 PB - Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs ER - TY - CONF TI - Tangible immersion for ecological design AU - Tabrizian, P. AU - Harmon, B. AU - Petrasova, A. AU - Petras, V. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Meentemeyer, R. C2 - 2017/// C3 - Disciplines and Disruption - Proceedings Catalog of the 37th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture, ACADIA 2017 DA - 2017/// SP - 600-609 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85046940970&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - RPRT TI - Tar River Spinymussel (Elliptio steinstansana) Research AU - Eads, C. AU - Levine, J.F. A3 - NC Wildlife Resources Commission DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// PB - NC Wildlife Resources Commission ER - TY - RPRT TI - Facilities Enhancements for the CVM Freshwater Mussel Barn to Support the Propagation of Freshwater Mussels AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Eads, C. A3 - US Fish and Wildlife Service DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// PB - US Fish and Wildlife Service ER - TY - CONF TI - Is Juvenile Mussel Chemical Sensitivity Influenced By Propagation Method? A Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Propagated Juveniles. AU - Popp, A. AU - Cope, W.G. AU - McGregor, M. AU - Koch, L. AU - Kwak, T.J. AU - Augspurger, T. AU - Levine, J.F. T2 - 10th Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society C2 - 2017/// CY - Cleveland, OH DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/3/26/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Endocrine active contaminants in aquatic systems and intersex in common sport fishes AU - Lee Pow, Crystal S.D. AU - Law, J. Mac AU - Kwak, Thomas J. AU - Cope, W. Gregory AU - Rice, James A. AU - Kullman, Seth W. AU - Aday, D. Derek T2 - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AB - Abstract Male fish are susceptible to developing intersex, a condition characterized by the presence of testicular oocytes. In the present study, the relationship between intersex and exposure to estrogenic endocrine active contaminants (EACs) was assessed for 2 genera of sport fish, Micropterus and Lepomis , at 20 riverine sites. Seasonal trends and relationships between EACs and intersex (prevalence and severity) were examined at varying putative sources of EACs throughout North Carolina, identified as point sources, nonpoint sources, and reference sites. Intersex was identified in both genera, which was documented for the first time in wild‐caught Lepomis . Intersex was more prevalent (59.8%) and more severe (1.6 mean rank) in Micropterus , which was highly correlation to EACs in sediment. In contrast, intersex was less common (9.9%) and less severe (0.2 mean rank) in Lepomis and was highly correlated to EACs in the water column. The authors found that concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, industrial EACs, and estrogens were highest at point source sites; however, no source type variation was identified in the prevalence or severity of intersex, nor were there seasonal trends in intersex or EAC concentrations. The authors’ results associate genus‐specific prevalence of intersex with specific EAC classes in common sport fishes having biological, ecological, and conservation implications. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:959–968. © 2016 SETAC DA - 2017/4// PY - 2017/4// DO - 10.1002/ETC.3607 VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 959–968 SN - 0730-7268 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ETC.3607 KW - Intersex KW - Estrogens KW - Endocrine disruption KW - Black bass KW - Sunfish ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fish Bioenergetics 4.0: An R-Based Modeling Application AU - Deslauriers, David AU - Chipps, Steven R. AU - Breck, James E. AU - Rice, James A. AU - Madenjian, Charles P. T2 - Fisheries AB - Bioenergetics modeling is a widely used tool in fisheries management and research. Although popular, currently available software (i.e., Fish Bioenergetics 3.0) has not been updated in over 20 years and is incompatible with newer operating systems (i.e., 64‐bit). Moreover, since the release of Fish Bioenergetics 3.0 in 1997, the number of published bioenergetics models has increased appreciably from 56 to 105 models representing 73 species. In this article, we provide an overview of Fish Bioenergetics 4.0 (FB4), a newly developed modeling application that consists of a graphical user interface (Shiny by RStudio) combined with a modeling package used in the R computing environment. While including the same capabilities as previous versions, Fish Bioenergetics 4.0 allows for timely updates and bug fixes and can be continuously improved based on feedback from users. In addition, users can add new or modified parameter sets for additional species and formulate and incorporate modifications such as habitat‐dependent functions (e.g., dissolved oxygen, salinity) that are not part of the default package. We hope that advances in the new modeling platform will attract a broad range of users while facilitating continued application of bioenergetics modeling to a wide spectrum of questions in fish biology, ecology, and management. DA - 2017/11/2/ PY - 2017/11/2/ DO - 10.1080/03632415.2017.1377558 VL - 42 IS - 11 SP - 586-596 J2 - Fisheries LA - en OP - SN - 0363-2415 1548-8446 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2017.1377558 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Juvenile and Adult Striped Bass Mortality and Distribution in an Unrecovered Coastal Population AU - Bradley, Caitlin E. AU - Rice, James A. AU - Aday, D. Derek AU - Hightower, Joseph E. AU - Rock, Jason AU - Lincoln, Kelsey L. T2 - North American Journal of Fisheries Management DA - 2017/10/25/ PY - 2017/10/25/ DO - 10.1080/02755947.2017.1396270 J2 - North American Journal of Fisheries Management LA - en OP - SN - 0275-5947 1548-8675 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2017.1396270 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Windows of Susceptibility and Consequences of Early Life Exposures to 17β–estradiol on Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Reproductive Success AU - Lee Pow, Crystal S.D. AU - Tilahun, Kedamawit AU - Creech, Kari AU - Law, J. Mac AU - Cope, W. Gregory AU - Kwak, Thomas J. AU - Rice, James A. AU - Aday, D. Derek AU - Kullman, Seth W. T2 - Environmental Science & Technology AB - Estrogens and estrogen mimics are commonly found in surface waters and are associated with deleterious effects in fish populations. Impaired fertility and fecundity in fish following chronic exposures to estrogens and estrogen mimics during critical windows in development are well documented. However, information regarding differential reproductive effects of exposure within defined developmental stages remains sparse. In this study, reproductive capacity was assessed in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) after exposure to two concentrations of 17β–estradiol (E2β; 2 ng/L and 50 ng/L) during four distinct stages of development: gonad development, gonad differentiation, development of secondary sex characteristics (SSC) and gametogenesis. Exposure to E2β did not adversely impact survival, hatch success, growth, or genotypic ratios. In contrast, exposure to 50 ng/L E2β during SSC development altered phenotypic ratios and SSC. Exposure to both E2β treatments reduced reproductive capacity (fertility, fecundity) by 7.3–57.4% in adult medaka breeding pairs, with hindrance of SSC development resulting in the largest disruption in breeding capacity (51.6–57.4% decrease) in the high concentration. This study documents differential effects among four critical stages of development and provides insight into factors (window of exposure, exposure concentration and duration of exposure period) contributing to reproductive disruption in fish. DA - 2017/4/20/ PY - 2017/4/20/ DO - 10.1021/ACS.EST.7B01568 VL - 51 IS - 9 SP - 5296-5305 J2 - Environ. Sci. Technol. LA - en OP - SN - 0013-936X 1520-5851 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ACS.EST.7B01568 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - TNT Degradation by Natural Microbial Assemblages at Frontal Boundaries Between Water Masses in Coastal Ecosystems (ER-2124) AU - Montgomery, Michael AU - Boyd, Thomas AU - Osburn, Christopher A3 - Chemical Dynamics and Diagnostics Branch, Naval Research Lab DA - 2017/6/20/ PY - 2017/6/20/ M1 - NRL/MR/6110--17-9740 M3 - Memorandum Report PB - Chemical Dynamics and Diagnostics Branch, Naval Research Lab SN - NRL/MR/6110--17-9740 UR - https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1038774.pdf ER - TY - DATA TI - Multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data collected in 2016 for Lake Crescent, Olympic National Park, Washington AU - Dartnell, Peter AU - Warrick, Jonathan A, AU - Wegmann, Karl W. AB - In February 2016 the U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center in cooperation with North Carolina State University and the National Park Service collected multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data in Lake Crescent located in Olympic National Park, Washington. These data were collected to support geologic hazard studies within the lake including mapping submarine landslides and faulting. Data were collected using a Reson 7111 multibeam echosounder pole-mounted to the 36-foot USGS R/V Parke Snavely. This USGS data release provides the processed bathymetry data in ASCIIRaster format, the acoustic backscatter data in TIFF format, as well as PDF maps of shaded relief bathymetry and acoustic backscatter and FGDC metadata. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.5066/F7B56GW5 PB - U.S. Geological Survey UR - https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/586d3165e4b0f5ce109faa51 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Therapeutics AU - Innis, C.J. AU - Harms, C.A. AU - Manire, C.A. T2 - Sea Turtle Health and Rehabilitation A2 - Manire, C.A. A2 - Norton, T.M. A2 - Stacy, B.A. A2 - Innis, C.J. A2 - Harms, C.A. PY - 2017/// SP - 497–526 PB - J. Ross Publishing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Citizen participation in disaster recovery projects and programmes in rural communities: a comparison of the Haiti earthquake and Hurricane Katrina AU - Pyles, Loretta AU - Svistova, Juliana AU - Ahn, Suran AU - Birkland, Tom T2 - Disasters AB - This study investigates predictors of local participation in recovery projects and programmes following Hurricane Katrina in the United States in 2005 and the earthquake in Haiti in 2010. Using two sets of survey data, it examines whether disaster impacts and social capital (social trust and civic engagement) are associated with disaster recovery participation and compares predictors of such engagement in the two locations. Multivariate logistic regression results reveal that physical injuries, limited community mobility, and government trust increase recovery participation in Haiti (n=278), whereas emotional distress and homeownership decrease it. On the Gulf Coast of the US (n=259), physical injuries and higher civic engagement augment recovery participation, while homeownership and age reduce it. The confounding factors of national contexts and post‐disaster time frames might explain the differences in the results. The discussion addresses the relation between country‐specific vulnerability and recovery participation and suggests implications for policy and practice to improve local citizens’ capabilities to participate in sustainable recovery processes. DA - 2017/10/27/ PY - 2017/10/27/ DO - 10.1111/disa.12260 VL - 42 IS - 3 SP - 498-518 J2 - Disasters LA - en OP - SN - 0361-3666 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/disa.12260 DB - Crossref KW - capabilities approach KW - disaster recovery KW - Haiti earthquake KW - Hurricane Katrina KW - participation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Slope failures within and upstream of Lake Quinault, Washington, as uneven responses to Holocene earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone AU - Leithold, Elana L. AU - Wegmann, Karl W. AU - Bohnenstiehl, Delwayne R. AU - Smith, Stephen G. AU - Noren, Anders AU - O’Grady, Ryan T2 - Quaternary Research AB - Abstract Investigation of Lake Quinault in western Washington, including a reflection seismic survey, analysis of piston cores, and preliminary mapping in the steep, landslide-prone Quinault River catchment upstream of the lake, reveals evidence for three episodes of earthquake disturbance in the past 3000 yr. These earthquakes triggered failures on the lake’s underwater slopes and delta front, as well as subaerial landsliding, partial channel blockage, and forced fluvial sediment aggradation. The ages of the three Lake Quinault disturbance events overlap with those of coseismically subsided, coastal marsh soils nearby in southwest Washington that are interpreted to record ruptures of the Cascadia megathrust. Absent from Lake Quinault, however, are signals of obvious disturbance from five additional subduction earthquakes inferred to have occurred during the period of record. The lack of evidence for these events may reflect the limitations of the data set derived from the detrital, river-dominated lake stratigraphy but may also have bearing on debates about segmentation and the distribution of slip along the Cascadia subduction zone during prior earthquakes. DA - 2017/11/27/ PY - 2017/11/27/ DO - 10.1017/QUA.2017.96 VL - 89 IS - 1 SP - 178-200 J2 - Quat. res. LA - en OP - SN - 0033-5894 1096-0287 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/QUA.2017.96 DB - Crossref KW - Lakes KW - Sediment KW - Cascadia KW - Earthquake KW - Paleoseismic ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate projections of spatial variations in coastal storm surges along the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. east coast AU - Yao, Zhigang AU - Xue, Zuo AU - He, Ruoying AU - Bao, Xianwen AU - Xie, Jun AU - Ge, Qian T2 - Journal of Ocean University of China DA - 2017/1/8/ PY - 2017/1/8/ DO - 10.1007/S11802-017-3012-6 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 1-7 J2 - J. Ocean Univ. China LA - en OP - SN - 1672-5182 1993-5021 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S11802-017-3012-6 DB - Crossref KW - storm surge KW - sea surface winds KW - climate change KW - regional ocean ER - TY - JOUR TI - Creating Aerosol Types from CHemistry (CATCH): A New Algorithm to Extend the Link Between Remote Sensing and Models AU - Dawson, K. W. AU - Meskhidze, N. AU - Burton, S. P. AU - Johnson, M. S. AU - Kacenelenbogen, M. S. AU - Hostetler, C. A. AU - Hu, Y. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres AB - Abstract Current remote sensing methods can identify aerosol types within an atmospheric column, presenting an opportunity to incrementally bridge the gap between remote sensing and models. Here a new algorithm was designed for Creating Aerosol Types from CHemistry (CATCH). CATCH‐derived aerosol types—dusty mix, maritime, urban, smoke, and fresh smoke—are based on first‐generation airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL‐1) retrievals during the Ship‐Aircraft Bio‐Optical Research (SABOR) campaign, July/August 2014. CATCH is designed to derive aerosol types from model output of chemical composition. CATCH‐derived aerosol types are determined by multivariate clustering of model‐calculated variables that have been trained using retrievals of aerosol types from HSRL‐1. CATCH‐derived aerosol types (with the exception of smoke) compare well with HSRL‐1 retrievals during SABOR with an average difference in aerosol optical depth (AOD) <0.03. Data analysis shows that episodic free tropospheric transport of smoke is underpredicted by the Goddard Earth Observing System‐ with Chemistry (GEOS‐Chem) model. Spatial distributions of CATCH‐derived aerosol types for the North American model domain during July/August 2014 show that aerosol type‐specific AOD values occurred over representative locations: urban over areas with large population, maritime over oceans, smoke, and fresh smoke over typical biomass burning regions. This study demonstrates that model‐generated information on aerosol chemical composition can be translated into aerosol types analogous to those retrieved from remote sensing methods. In the future, spaceborne HSRL‐1 and CATCH can be used to gain insight into chemical composition of aerosol types, reducing uncertainties in estimates of aerosol radiative forcing. DA - 2017/11/26/ PY - 2017/11/26/ DO - 10.1002/2017JD026913 VL - 122 IS - 22 SP - 12,366-12,392 J2 - J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. LA - en OP - SN - 2169-897X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026913 DB - Crossref KW - aerosol types KW - GEOS-Chem KW - HSRL-1 KW - SABOR KW - algorithms KW - CATCH ER - TY - JOUR TI - Yield and Nutrient Removal by Bioenergy Grasses on Swine Effluent Spray Fields in the Coastal Plain Region of North Carolina AU - Wang, Zan AU - Smyth, T. Jot AU - Crozier, Carl R. AU - Gehl, Ronald J. AU - Heitman, Adam J. T2 - BioEnergy Research DA - 2017/7/17/ PY - 2017/7/17/ DO - 10.1007/S12155-017-9856-1 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 979-991 J2 - Bioenerg. Res. LA - en OP - SN - 1939-1234 1939-1242 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S12155-017-9856-1 DB - Crossref KW - Bioenergy KW - Biomass yield KW - Harvest frequency KW - Miscanthus KW - Switchgrass KW - Spray field ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrate removal potential of restored wetlands loaded with agricultural drainage water: A mesocosm scale experimental approach AU - Messer, Tiffany L. AU - Burchell, Michael R., II AU - Birgand, François AU - Broome, Stephen W. AU - Chescheir, George T2 - Ecological Engineering AB - Wetland restoration is often conducted in Eastern U.S. coastal plain watersheds alongside agricultural lands that frequently export significant amounts of nitrogen in drainage water. Restoration plans that incorporate the addition of agricultural drainage water can simultaneously increase the success of achieving a target hydroperiod and reduce discharge of nitrogen to nearby surface water. The potential nitrogen removal effectiveness of two wetland restoration sites with such a restoration plan was evaluated in a two-year mesocosm study. Six large wetland mesocosms (3.5 m long × 0.9 m wide × 0.75 m deep) along with unplanted controls were used in this experiment. Three replicates of two soils that differed in organic matter and pH were planted with soft-stem bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) and allowed to develop in the two growing seasons prior to the study. Simulated drainage water was loaded into the mesocosms over eighteen batch studies across seasons with target nitrate-N levels between 2.5 to 10 mg L−1. Grab samples were collected from the water column and analyzed for nitrate-N, dissolved organic carbon, and chloride, along with other environmental parameters such as pH, water temperature, and soil redox. Seasonally, nitrogen and carbon within the wetland plants and soil were also measured. Multivariate statistical analyses were utilized to determine differences in nitrate-N reductions between treatments. Variables included carbon availability, temperature, antecedent moisture condition, nitrogen loading, and water pH. Contrary to the hypothesis that higher nitrate-N removal rates would be observed in the wetlands with higher organic matter, overall removal rates were higher in the wetland mesocosms containing Deloss soils (WET-Min) (maximum of 726 mg m−2 d−1) than those containing Scuppernong soil (WET-Org) (maximum of 496 mg m−2 d−1) and were dependent on daily NO3-N concentrations and season. Significant differences in NO3-N removal were found between seasons and soil types (α = 0.05), which helped to provide insight to the expected magnitude of nitrogen removal within these systems throughout the year, and potential mechanisms (i.e. denitrification vs. plant uptake) that will govern these removals. DA - 2017/9// PY - 2017/9// DO - 10.1016/J.ECOLENG.2017.06.022 VL - 106 SP - 541-554 J2 - Ecological Engineering LA - en OP - SN - 0925-8574 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLENG.2017.06.022 DB - Crossref KW - Wet land restoration KW - Mesocosms KW - Nitrate KW - Dissolved organic carbon ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Arctic in the Twenty-First Century: Changing Biogeochemical Linkages across a Paraglacial Landscape of Greenland AU - Anderson, N. John AU - Saros, Jasmine E. AU - Bullard, Joanna E. AU - Cahoon, Sean M. P. AU - McGowan, Suzanne AU - Bagshaw, Elizabeth A. AU - Barry, Christopher D. AU - Bindler, Richard AU - Burpee, Benjamin T. AU - Carrivick, Jonathan L. AU - Fowler, Rachel A. AU - Fox, Anthony D. AU - Fritz, Sherilyn C. AU - Giles, Madeleine E. AU - Hamerlik, Ladislav AU - Ingeman-Nielsen, Thomas AU - Law, Antonia C. AU - Mernild, Sebastian H. AU - Northington, Robert M. AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Pla-Rabès, Sergi AU - Post, Eric AU - Telling, Jon AU - Stroud, David A. AU - Whiteford, Erika J. AU - Yallop, Marian L. AU - Yde, Jacob C. T2 - BioScience AB - The Kangerlussuaq area of southwest Greenland encompasses diverse ecological, geomorphic, and climate gradients that function over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Ecosystems range from the microbial communities on the ice sheet and moisture-stressed terrestrial vegetation (and their associated herbivores) to freshwater and oligosaline lakes. These ecosystems are linked by a dynamic glacio-fluvial-aeolian geomorphic system that transports water, geological material, organic carbon and nutrients from the glacier surface to adjacent terrestrial and aquatic systems. This paraglacial system is now subject to substantial change because of rapid regional warming since 2000. Here, we describe changes in the eco- and geomorphic systems at a range of timescales and explore rapid future change in the links that integrate these systems. We highlight the importance of cross-system subsidies at the landscape scale and, importantly, how these might change in the near future as the Arctic is expected to continue to warm. DA - 2017/2/1/ PY - 2017/2/1/ DO - 10.1093/biosci/biw158 VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 118-133 LA - en OP - SN - 0006-3568 1525-3244 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw158 DB - Crossref KW - tundra KW - lake KW - carbon KW - permafrost KW - aeolian ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plasma propofol concentrations and pharmacodynamic effects in koi carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) following exposure via immersion AU - Oda, A. AU - Messenger, K. AU - Carbajal, L. AU - Gardner, B. AU - Hammer, S. AU - Cerreta, A. AU - Lewbart, G. AU - Posner, L. AU - Bailey, K. T2 - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia AB - Introduction: This study was performed to determine the association between plasma propofol concentration (PPC) and anesthetic effect in koi carp anesthetized with propofol via immersion. DA - 2017/9// PY - 2017/9// DO - 10.1016/J.VAA.2017.09.009 VL - 44 IS - 5 SP - 1262.e4-1262.e5 J2 - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia LA - en OP - SN - 1467-2987 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.VAA.2017.09.009 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Invertebrate Oncology AU - Newton, Alisa L. AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. T2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice AB - Neoplasia is a documented occurrence across invertebrate taxa, but challenges remain with regard to tumor diagnosis and treatment. Literature reports of neoplasia are frequent in mollusks and insects, infrequent in Cnidaria and crustaceans, and are yet to be documented in Porifera and echinoderms. A significant contribution could be made by veterinary practitioners documenting and treating neoplasms in invertebrates. Traditional methods of veterinary diagnosis are encouraged, but the anatomy and tissue biology of each invertebrate species need to be considered. Most neoplasms described in the invertebrate literature have been considered benign, making external lesions potentially amenable to surgical resection. DA - 2017/1// PY - 2017/1// DO - 10.1016/J.CVEX.2016.07.001 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 1-19 J2 - Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice LA - en OP - SN - 1094-9194 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.CVEX.2016.07.001 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Fisheries and sea turtles AU - Parga, M. AU - Crespo-Picazo, J.L. AU - Garcia-Parraga, D. AU - Stacy, B.A. AU - Harms, C.A. T2 - Sea Turtle Health and Rehabilitation A2 - Manire, C.A. A2 - Norton, T.M. A2 - Stacy, B.A. A2 - Innis, C.J. A2 - Harms, C.A. PY - 2017/// SP - 859–897 PB - J. Ross Publishing ER - TY - CHAP TI - Field techniques AU - Harris, H.S. AU - Flint, M. AU - Stewart, K.M. AU - Harms, C.A. T2 - Sea Turtle Health and Rehabilitation A2 - Manire, C.A. A2 - Norton, T.M. A2 - Stacy, B.A. A2 - Innis, C.J. A2 - Harms, C.A. PY - 2017/// SP - 819–857 PB - J. Ross Publishing ER - TY - CHAP TI - Parasites AU - Stacy, B.A. AU - Werneck, M.R. AU - Walden, H.S. AU - Harms, C.A. T2 - Sea Turtle Health and Rehabilitation A2 - Manire, C.A. A2 - Norton, T.M. A2 - Stacy, B.A. A2 - Innis, C.J. A2 - Harms, C.A. PY - 2017/// SP - 727–750 PB - J. Ross Publishing ER - TY - BOOK TI - Sea Turtle Health and Rehabilitation A3 - Manire, C.A. A3 - Norton, T.M. A3 - Stacy, B.A. A3 - Innis, C.J. A3 - Harms, C.A. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// SP - 1010 PB - J. Ross Publishing ER - TY - CHAP TI - Nervous system AU - Harms, C.A. AU - Valente, A.L.S. AU - Stacy, B.A. AU - Wyneken, J. T2 - Sea Turtle Health and Rehabilitation A2 - Manire, C.A. A2 - Norton, T.M. A2 - Stacy, B.A. A2 - Innis, C.J. A2 - Harms, C.A. PY - 2017/// SP - 417–438 PB - J. Ross Publishing ER - TY - BOOK TI - Environment, water quality, biosecurity AU - Stamper, M.A. AU - Harms, C.A. AU - Lewbart, G.A. A3 - Manire, C.A. A3 - Norton, T.M. A3 - Stacy, B.A. A3 - Innis, C.J. A3 - Harms, C.A. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// PB - J. Ross Publishing SE - 45–62 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fecal glucocorticoids and anthropogenic injury and mortality in North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis AU - Rolland, RM AU - McLellan, WA AU - Moore, MJ AU - Harms, CA AU - Burgess, EA AU - Hunt, KE T2 - Endangered Species Research AB - As human impacts on marine ecosystems escalate, there is increasing interest in quantifying sub-lethal physiological and pathological responses of marine mammals.Glucocorticoid hormones are commonly used to assess stress responses to anthropogenic factors in wildlife.While obtaining blood samples to measure circulating hormones is not currently feasible for freeswimming large whales, immunoassay of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCs) has been validated for North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis (NARW).Using a general linear model, we compared fGC concentrations in right whales chronically entangled in fishing gear (n = 6) or live-stranded (n = 1), with right whales quickly killed by vessels (n = 5) and healthy right whales (n = 113) to characterize fGC responses to acute vs. chronic stressors.fGCs in entangled whales (mean ± SE: 1856.4 ± 1644.9 ng g -1 ) and the stranded whale (5740.7 ng g -1 ) were significantly higher than in whales killed by vessels (46.2 ± 19.2 ng g -1 ) and healthy whales (51.7 ± 8.7 ng g -1 ).Paired feces and serum collected from the live-stranded right whale provided comparison of fGCs in 2 matrices in a chronically stressed whale.Serum cortisol and corticosterone in this whale (50.0 and 29.0 ng ml -1 , respectively) were much higher than values reported in other cetaceans, in concordance with extremely elevated fGCs.Meaningful patterns in fGC concentration related to acute vs. chronic impacts persisted despite potential for bacterial degradation of hormone metabolites in dead whales.These results provide biological validation for using fGCs as a biomarker of chronic stress in NARWs. DA - 2017/11/30/ PY - 2017/11/30/ DO - 10.3354/esr00866 VL - 34 SP - 417-429 J2 - Endang. Species. Res. LA - en OP - SN - 1863-5407 1613-4796 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00866 DB - Crossref KW - North Atlantic right whale KW - Stress KW - Glucocorticoids KW - Fecal hormones KW - Entanglement ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of Three Anticoagulants Used for Short-Term Storage of Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Whole Blood AU - Phillips, Brianne E. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. AU - Beasley, Jean F. AU - Harms, Craig A. T2 - Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery AB - Anemia is a common clinical pathological finding in stranded loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) secondary to trauma and chronic debilitation. These animals may benefit from species-specific blood product administration, yet few studies have evaluated the effects of anticoagulants on loggerhead sea turtle blood storage. Sea turtles in managed collections may serve as healthy blood donors, allowing for short-term blood storage with transfer of blood products within 24 h to rehabilitation facilities. The objective of this study was to compare the packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), electrolytes, glucose, and venous blood gas analytes over a 24 h storage of loggerhead sea turtle whole blood in three anticoagulants: sodium heparin, sodium citrate, and citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1). Blood from eight loggerhead sea turtles at the Karen Beasley Sea Turtle Rescue and Rehabilitation Center (Surf City, NC) was used following routine venipuncture for health assessment. Whole blood was placed into vacutainer tubes containing sodium heparin, sodium citrate, or CPDA-1 and stored at 4–8°C (39–46°F). PCV and TS were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. Blood gas, electrolyte, and glucose analyses using i-STAT CG8 cartridges were performed at 0 and 24 h. There were no significant differences in PCV and TS over time. At 24 hours, pink plasma was observed in 62.5% (5/8) of CPDA-1 and 12.5% (1/8) of citrate specimens. CPDA-1 and citrate specimens had a significant increase in potassium at 24 h. Both heparin and citrate specimens had a significant decrease in pH and increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 24 h. Sodium values decreased over time in citrate and CPDA-1 specimens. Loggerhead sea turtle blood stored in CPDA-1, and sodium citrate had more significant blood gas and electrolyte changes over 24 h, indicating a greater degree of erythrocyte leakage or lysis. For the purposes of collection and short-term storage of loggerhead sea turtle blood, sodium heparin is preferable. DA - 2017/12/1/ PY - 2017/12/1/ DO - 10.5818/17-06-117.1 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 97 J2 - Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery OP - SN - 1529-9651 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/17-06-117.1 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ketoprofen pharmacokinetics of R - and S -isomers in juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta ) after single intravenous and single- and multidose intramuscular administration AU - Thompson, K. A. AU - Papich, M. G. AU - Higgins, B. AU - Flanagan, J. AU - Christiansen, E. F. AU - Harms, C. A. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics AB - Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent that nonselectively inhibits cyclooxygenase, with both COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition. Recent studies on COX receptor expression in reptiles suggest that nonselective COX inhibitors may be more appropriate than more selective inhibitors in some reptiles, but few pharmacokinetic studies are available. The goal of this study was to determine single- and multidose (three consecutive days) pharmacokinetics of racemic ketoprofen administered intravenously and intramuscularly at 2 mg/kg in healthy juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta). The S-isomer is the predominant isomer in loggerhead sea turtles, similar to most mammals, despite administration of a 50:50 racemic mixture. Multidose ketoprofen administration demonstrated no bioaccumulation; therefore, once-daily dosing will not require dose adjustment over time. S-isomer pharmacokinetic parameters determined in this study were Cmax of 10.1 μg/ml by IM injection, C0 of 13.4 μg/ml by IV injection, AUC of 44.7 or 69.4 μg*hr/ml by IM or IV injection, respectively, and T½ of 2.8 or 3.6 hr by IM or IV injection, respectively. Total ketoprofen plasma concentrations were maintained for at least 12 hr above concentrations determined to be effective for rats and humans. A dose of 2 mg/kg either IM or IV every 24 hr is likely appropriate for loggerhead turtles. DA - 2017/10/22/ PY - 2017/10/22/ DO - 10.1111/jvp.12460 VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 340-348 J2 - J vet Pharmacol Therap LA - en OP - SN - 0140-7783 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12460 DB - Crossref KW - Caretta caretta KW - ketoprofen KW - loggerhead KW - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory KW - pharmacokinetics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of water temperature on the hydrolysis of two absorbable sutures used in fish surgery AU - Cannizzo, Sarah A. AU - Roe, Simon C. AU - Harms, Craig A. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. T2 - FACETS AB - Persistence of absorbable sutures in fishes in waters below 10 °C affects surgical decisions including approach, closure strategy, and suture selection. We hypothesized that the rate of suture hydrolysis would vary directly with water temperature. Two absorbable monofilament 3-0 suture materials used in fish surgery, poliglecaprone (Monocryl™) and polyglyconate (Maxon™), were evaluated. The maximum tensile load (strength) was measured for suture loops ( n = 6) maintained in filtered city water for 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks at 4, 25, or 37 °C. For Maxon™ at 4 or 25 °C, tensile strength did not decrease over time. However, for Monocryl™ at 4 °C, 2-, 4-, and 8-week loops were stronger than baseline loops. At 25 °C, tensile strength of the suture material declined after 2 weeks. Also, at 37 °C, the optimal design temperature for both suture materials, the strength of Maxon™ decreased at 6 and 8 weeks. Two 4-week loops of Monocryl™ disintegrated when handled, and after 6 and 8 weeks, all were untestable. This study confirms that absorbable sutures lose strength more slowly at ambient temperatures lower than the optimal design temperature (e.g., human body temperature) and will likely be retained longer in fishes living in waters below 25 °C. DA - 2017/3// PY - 2017/3// DO - 10.1139/facets-2016-0006 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 44-54 J2 - FACETS LA - en OP - SN - 2371-1671 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2016-0006 DB - Crossref KW - Fish surgery KW - absorbable suture KW - Maxon T KW - Monocryl T KW - tensile strength KW - water temperature ER - TY - CHAP TI - Focusing Events, Risk, and Regulation AU - Birkland, Thomas A. AU - Warnement, Megan K. T2 - Policy Shock A2 - Balleisen, Edward J. A2 - Bennear, Lori S. A2 - Krawiec, Kimberly D. A2 - Wiener, Jonathan B. AB - A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content. PY - 2017/10/11/ DO - 10.1017/9781316492635.005 SP - 107-128 OP - PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 9781316492635 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316492635.005 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - BIOCHEMISTRY PANEL REFERENCE INTERVALS FOR JUVENILE GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS AURATUS) AU - Adamovicz, Laura A. AU - Trosclair, Macy R. AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine AB - Reference intervals for diagnostic tests are vitally important for clinical decision making. Despite the popularity of pet goldfish (Carassius auratus), reference intervals have not been generated for routine biochemistry panel analytes in this species. This study establishes de novo reference intervals for packed cell volume and total solids, using 47 apparently healthy immature goldfish, and for 11 common chemistry panel analytes (albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, calcium, creatine kinase, globulin, blood glucose, sodium, potassium, phosphorous, total protein, and uric acid) using 39 immature goldfish. Robust reference intervals were generated following recommendations of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Linear regression was used to demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between body weight and calcium, albumin, total protein, potassium, packed cell volume, and total solids. The results of this study serve as a useful baseline for future reference interval generation in goldfish. DA - 2017/9// PY - 2017/9// DO - 10.1638/2015-0287.1 VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 776-785 J2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 1042-7260 1937-2825 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2015-0287.1 DB - Crossref KW - Biochemistry panel KW - blood values KW - Carassius auratus KW - goldfish KW - reference interval ER - TY - JOUR TI - MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY OF WILD TURTLES AT A NORTH CAROLINA WILDLIFE CLINIC: A 10-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE AU - Sack, Alexandra AU - Butler, Eric AU - Cowen, Peter AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine AB - The medical records from 1,847 wild turtle patients seen between 2005 and 2014 by the Turtle Rescue Team at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine were analyzed. Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina; n = 947), yellow-bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta scripta; n = 301), cooters (Pseudemys spp.; n = 235), common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina; n = 165), and eastern painted turtles (Chrysemys picta; n = 93) made up 94.3% of all patients. Patient admissions peaked in May when 25.6% (473/1,847) of all turtles were admitted. Cooters were the most-likely species to be gravid, and the loss of gravid females may put this population at increased risk for decline. The majority of wild turtles presented for anthropogenic causes, primarily vehicular trauma (63.2%; 1,168/1,847), which also had the greatest mortality at 57.8% (675/1,168) of any presenting complaint. Coelomic breach was the presenting injury with greatest risk of dying, increasing the risk of dying by 4.8 times. Other factors that were associated with increased mortality included head injuries, myiasis, and cranial or caudal midline injuries. Of all turtle species, eastern box turtles most commonly presented for nontraumatic conditions including aural abscesses (8.2%; 78/947), upper respiratory infections (6.3%; 60/947), and both conditions concurrently (2.5%; 14/947). While many turtles presented with little to no chance for survival in the wild, 47.6% were eventually released and that number increased to 62.0% released for those that survived 24 hr or longer after presentation. This study adds to the knowledge about the treatment of injured and diseased wild turtles in order to potentially ameliorate the overall impact of humans, especially as a result of vehicular trauma. DA - 2017/9// PY - 2017/9// DO - 10.1638/2016-0053.1 VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 716-724 J2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 1042-7260 1937-2825 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2016-0053.1 DB - Crossref KW - Anthropogenic KW - mortality KW - rehabilitation KW - reptile KW - turtle KW - wildlife ER - TY - JOUR TI - Laboratory evaluation of different formulations of Stress Coat® for slime production in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and koi (Cyprinus carpio) AU - Shivappa, Raghunath B. AU - Christian, Larry S. AU - Law, Jerry M. AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. T2 - PeerJ AB - A study was carried out to assess the effect of Stress Coat® on slime production in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and koi (Cyprinus carpio). The study also investigated histological changes that might be associated with slime producing cells, and wound healing in koi. Several formulations of Stress Coat® were investigated and the results showed that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also known as povidone, an ingredient of Stress Coat®, when used alone, showed significantly higher slime production in goldfish than salt and Stress Coat® without PVP after 25 h. The results also showed that koi treated with compounds containing PVP showed better wound healing than those not exposed to PVP. Histology results showed no difference between compounds tested with regards to density and number of slime producing cells. DA - 2017/9/6/ PY - 2017/9/6/ DO - 10.7717/peerj.3759 VL - 5 SP - e3759 LA - en OP - SN - 2167-8359 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3759 DB - Crossref KW - Stress Coat (R) KW - Goldfish KW - Koi KW - Mucus production KW - Polyvinylpyrrolidone KW - Wound healing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Periphyton uptake and trophic transfer of coal fly-ash–derived trace elements AU - Scheibener, S.A. AU - Rivera, N.A. AU - Hesterberg, D. AU - Duckworth, O.W. AU - Buchwalter, D.B. T2 - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AB - To determine whether the bioavailability of trace elements derived from coal ash leachates varies with the geochemical conditions associated with their formation, we quantified periphyton bioaccumulation and subsequent trophic transfer to the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer. Oxic ash incubations favored periphyton uptake of arsenic, selenium, strontium, and manganese, whereas anoxic incubations favored periphyton uptake of uranium. Mayfly enrichment was strongest for selenium, whereas biodilution was observed for strontium, uranium, and arsenic. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2991–2996. © 2017 SETAC DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1002/etc.3864 VL - 36 IS - 11 SP - 2991-2996 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85024902922&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Coal ash KW - Trace element KW - Periphyton KW - Mayfly KW - Accumulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Shifts in the Source and Composition of Dissolved Organic Matter in Southwest Greenland Lakes Along a Regional Hydro-climatic Gradient AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Anderson, Nicholas J. AU - Stedmon, Colin A. AU - Giles, Madeline E. AU - Whiteford, Erika J. AU - McGenity, Terry J. AU - Dumbrell, Alex J. AU - Underwood, Graham J. C. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences AB - Abstract Dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration and quality were examined from Arctic lakes located in three clusters across south‐west (SW) Greenland, covering the regional climatic gradient: cool, wet coastal zone; dry inland interior; and cool, dry ice‐marginal areas. We hypothesized that differences in mean annual precipitation between sites would result in a reduced hydrological connectivity between lakes and their catchments and that this concentrates degraded DOM. The DOM in the inland lake group was characterized by a lower aromaticity and molecular weight, a low soil‐like fluorescence, and carbon stable isotope (δ 13 C‐DOC) values enriched by ~2‰ relative to the coastal group. DOC‐specific absorbance (SUVA 254 ) and DOC‐specific soil‐like fluorescence (SUVF C1 ) revealed seasonal and climatic gradients across which DOM exhibited a dynamic we term “pulse‐process”: Pulses of DOM exported from soils to lakes during snow and ice melt were followed by pulses of autochthonous DOM inputs (possibly from macrophytes), and their subsequent photochemical and microbial processing. These effects regulated the dynamics of DOM in the inland lakes and suggested that if circumpolar lakes currently situated in cool wetter climatic regimes with strong hydrological connectivity have reduced connectivity under a drier future climate, they may evolve toward an end‐point of large stocks of highly degraded DOC, equivalent to the inland lakes in the present study. The regional climatic gradient across SW Greenland and its influence on DOM properties in these lakes provide a model of possible future changes to lake C cycling in high‐latitude systems where climatic changes are most pronounced. DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017/12// DO - 10.1002/2017jg003999 VL - 122 IS - 12 SP - 3431-3445 J2 - J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. LA - en OP - SN - 2169-8953 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003999 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Revisiting Graduate Student Training to Address Agricultural and Environmental Societal Challenges AU - Duckworth, Owen W. AU - Andrews, Megan Y. AU - Cubeta, Marc A. AU - Grunden, Amy M. AU - Ojiambo, Peter S. T2 - AGRICULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL LETTERS AB - Core Ideas Society is faced with daunting environmental and agricultural challenges. There is a pressing need for multidisciplinary teams of collaborative scientists. Novel graduate educational models may be needed to train students to address grand challenges. An example of illustrating the model through microbiome science of plants and soil is presented. Society and the higher education system are faced with daunting challenges associated with supplying food, energy, and water to a growing population while maintaining environmental quality and preserving natural resources. Too often, the higher education system does not facilitate collaborative immersion required to foster concerted multidisciplinary efforts needed to address societal grand challenges. In this commentary, we present an innovative model of cohort education, which equips graduate students with core skills and enables collaborative dissertation research among students. In addition, we provide an example of a program aimed at understanding the plant–soil microbiome, a critical research area that may yield significant advances in plant health and productivity. DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017/12// DO - 10.2134/ael2017.06.0019 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - SN - 2471-9625 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Norovirus Binding to Ligands Beyond Histo-Blood Group Antigens AU - Almand, Erin A. AU - Moore, Matthew D. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB - Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are commonly accepted as the cellular receptors for human norovirus. However, some human noroviruses have been found not to bind any HBGA ligand, suggesting potential additional co-factors. Some ligands have been found to bind noroviruses and have the potential to be additional cellular receptors/attachment factors for human norovirus or inhibitors of the HBGA interaction. The studies identifying these largely characterize different chemical, human, food or bacterial components and their effect on norovirus binding and infection, although the mechanism of interaction is unknown in many cases. This review seeks to supplement the already well-covered HBGA-norovirus literature by covering non-HBGA human norovirus ligands and inhibitors to provide investigators with a more comprehensive view of norovirus ligands. DA - 2017/12/21/ PY - 2017/12/21/ DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02549 VL - 8 SP - SN - 1664-302X KW - norovirus KW - histo-blood group antigens KW - virus-bacteria interaction KW - transkingdom KW - enteric virus ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Preliminary Assessment of Fossil Fuel and Terrigenous Influences to Rainwater Organic Matter in Summertime in the Northern Gulf of Mexico AU - Mitra, Siddhartha AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Wozniak, Andrew S. T2 - AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY DA - 2017/8// PY - 2017/8// DO - 10.1007/s10498-017-9319-5 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 217-231 SN - 1573-1421 KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Rainwater OC KW - CDOM KW - EEMs ER - TY - JOUR TI - The influence of larval migration and dispersal depth on potential larval trajectories of a deep-sea bivalve AU - McVeigh, Doreen M. AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Todd, Austin C. AU - Young, Craig M. AU - He, Ruoying T2 - DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS AB - Abstract Many fundamental questions in marine ecology require an understanding of larval dispersal and connectivity, yet direct observations of larval trajectories are difficult or impossible to obtain. Although biophysical models provide an alternative approach, in the deep sea, essential biological parameters for these models have seldom been measured empirically. In this study, we used a biophysical model to explore the role of behaviorally mediated migration from two methane seep sites in the Gulf of Mexico on potential larval dispersal patterns and population connectivity of the deep-sea mussel “ Bathymodiolus” childressi , a species for which some biological information is available. Three possible larval dispersal strategies were evaluated for larvae with a Planktonic Larval Duration (PLD) of 395 days: (1) demersal drift, (2) dispersal near the surface early in larval life followed by an extended demersal period before settlement, and (3) dispersal near the surface until just before settlement. Upward swimming speeds varied in the model based on the best data available. Average dispersal distances for simulated larvae varied between 16 km and 1488 km. Dispersal in the upper water column resulted in the greatest dispersal distance (1173 km ± 2.00), followed by mixed dispersal depth (921 km ± 2.00). Larvae originating in the Gulf of Mexico can potentially seed most known seep metapopulations on the Atlantic continental margin, whereas larvae drifting demersally cannot (237 km ± 1.43). Depth of dispersal is therefore shown to be a critical parameter for models of deep-sea connectivity. DA - 2017/9// PY - 2017/9// DO - 10.1016/j.dsr.2017.08.002 VL - 127 SP - 57-64 SN - 1879-0119 KW - "Bathymodiolus" childressi KW - Biophysical model KW - Larval dispersal KW - Methane seep KW - Gulf of Mexico ER - TY - JOUR TI - Potential effect of atmospheric dissolved organic carbon on the iron solubility in seawater AU - Meskhidze, N. AU - Hurley, D. AU - Royalty, T. M. AU - Johnson, M. S. T2 - MARINE CHEMISTRY AB - Atmospheric aerosols are an important source of soluble iron (sol-Fe) to the global oceans. After deposition to seawater, sol-Fe will either complex with Fe-binding marine organic ligands and enter the ocean dissolved Fe (DFe) pool, or form oxyhydroxide particles (PFe) and precipitate out. Since oceanic DFe is commonly assumed to be bioavailable, the importance of atmospheric sources of sol-Fe for ocean biogeochemistry is determined by both: total fluxes of sol-Fe and the fraction of sol-Fe that is converted to DFe in the ocean. The results from these laboratory studies show that in 20 min from the time of mixing with seawater, nearly all sol-Fe gets oxidized and converted to PFe. The addition of dicarboxylic acids (oxalic and malic) had minor influence on the conversion rate of sol-Fe to PFe. However, the addition of α-hydroxy-carboxylic acids (citric and tartaric) to Fe solutions prior to mixing with seawater was found to considerably increase the concentration of seawater DFe. After 10 days of the experiment, 15% and 50% of the sol-Fe in citric and tartaric acid solutions, respectively, remained in a DFe form. Numerical simulations for sol-Fe laden dust deposition events to the ocean show that if α-hydroxy acids are present in aerosol solution upon deposition to the surface ocean, over 95% of sol-Fe can potentially bind with marine organic ligands; this fraction reduces to < 20% in the absence of atmospheric organics. A possible mechanism is provided to explain the differences in binding strength between aerosol sol-Fe and atmospheric dissolved organic carbon species commonly found in maritime aerosols. DA - 2017/8/20/ PY - 2017/8/20/ DO - 10.1016/j.marchem.2017.05.011 VL - 194 SP - 124-132 SN - 1872-7581 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of Nitrogen-Loss Prevention Amendments in Maize and Wheat in North Carolina AU - Rajkovich, Shelby AU - Osmond, Deanna AU - Weisz, Randy AU - Crozier, Carl AU - Israel, Daniel AU - Austin, Robert T2 - AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB - Core Ideas Fertilizer additives to decrease N losses did not provide consistent yield advantages. Plots treated with N‐loss products did not increase N use efficiency or N uptake. Agronomic optimum N rates observed in the field aligned with North Carolina recommendations. To reduce environmental losses of N and increase crop use, it is critical to optimize N fertilization rates and determine if N‐loss prevention amendments increase yields. Research objectives were to: (i) determine N‐release patterns of three N‐loss amendments (urea ammonium nitrate [UAN] treated with NBPT+DCD, nitrapyrin, or an organo‐Ca) and UAN through a laboratory incubation; (ii) determine effectiveness of these four products for maize ( Zea mays L.) and winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) produced in two to three regions of North Carolina; and (iii) determine agronomic optimum N rate for wheat and corn compared to state‐recommended rates. Nitrogen release was measured in three soils (coastal plain, piedmont, and mountains) during the incubation experiment. Field experiments were randomized complete block designs (four replications of six maize N rates and five wheat N rates), with each rate applied as one of four product treatments (UAN and UAN+ one of three N‐loss prevention amendments). In the incubation experiment, soils treated with UAN+nitrapyrin or UAN+NBPT+DCD delayed nitrification longer than soils treated with UAN or UAN+organo‐Ca. There was no significant effect of product on maize grain yield (coastal plain and mountains) and wheat yield (coastal plain and piedmont). A year × product interaction occurred for maize grain yield in the piedmont. Agronomic optimum N rates mostly aligned with current North Carolina N fertilizer recommendations. Despite positive laboratory results, N‐loss amendments did not have a significant effect on yield in 9 of 10 site‐years, indicating that proper N rates are a more effective nutrient management strategy. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.2134/agronj2016.03.0153 VL - 109 IS - 5 SP - 1811-1824 SN - 1435-0645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variability of Changjiang Diluted Water revealed by a 45-year long-term ocean hindcast and Self-Organizing Maps analysis AU - Zeng, Xiangming AU - He, Ruoying AU - Zong, Haibo T2 - CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH AB - Based on long-term realistic ocean circulation hindcast for in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas, 45 years (1961–2005) of sea surface salinity data were analyzed using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) to have a better understanding of the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) variation. Three spatial patterns were revealed by the SOM: normal, transition, and extension. The normal pattern mainly occurs from December to May while the CDW hugs China's east coast closely and flows southward. The extension pattern is dominant from June to October when the CDW extends northwestward toward Jeju Island in an omega shape. The transition pattern prevails for the rest of the year. Pattern-averaged temperature, circulation, and chlorophyll-a concentration show significant differences. CDW area and its eastern most extension were explored as a function of the Changjiang runoff and regional upwelling index. We found that Changjiang runoff and upwelling index can be reasonable predictors for the overall CDW area, while ambient circulation determines the distribution and structure of the CDW, and thus the CDW eastern most extension. DA - 2017/8/15/ PY - 2017/8/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.csr.2017.08.010 VL - 146 SP - 37-46 SN - 1873-6955 KW - Changjiang Diluted Water KW - Self-Organizing Maps KW - East China Sea KW - Pattern clustering KW - Ocean modeling KW - Circulation variability ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Mekong continental shelf: Primary sink for deltaic sediment particles and their passengers AU - Nittrouer, C. A. AU - DeMaster, D. J. AU - Eidam, E. F. AU - Nguyen, T. T. AU - Liu, J. P. AU - Ogston, A. S. AU - Phung, P. V. T2 - Oceanography DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 60-70 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stratigraphic Formation of the Mekong River Delta and Its Recent Shoreline Changes AU - Liu, J. Paul AU - DeMaster, David J. AU - Nguyen, Thanh T. AU - Saito, Yoshiki AU - Nguyen, Van Lap AU - Ta, Thi Kim Oanh AU - Li, Xing T2 - OCEANOGRAPHY DA - 2017/9// PY - 2017/9// DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2017.316 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 72-83 SN - 1042-8275 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stimulation of Phytoplankton Production by Anthropogenic Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in a Coastal Plain Estuary AU - Hounshell, Alexandria G. AU - Peierls, Benjamin L. AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Paerl, Hans W. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AB - There is increased focus on nitrogen (N)-containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a nutrient source supporting eutrophication in N-sensitive estuarine ecosystems. This is particularly relevant in watersheds undergoing urban and agricultural development, leading to increased dissolved organic N (DON) loading. To understand how this shift in N-loading influences estuarine phytoplankton production, nutrient addition bioassays were conducted in the N-limited Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina from 2014 to 2015. Additions included N-rich DOM sources characteristic of urban and agricultural development, including chicken and turkey litter leachate, wastewater treatment facility effluent, and concentrated river DOM (used as a reference). Each DOM addition was coupled with an inorganic nutrient treatment to account for inorganic nutrient concentrations (NO2/3, NH4, PO4) in each respective DOM addition. Repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) showed that chicken litter leachate stimulated phytoplankton growth greater than its coupled inorganic nutrient treatment. Wastewater treatment facility effluent, turkey litter leachate, and concentrated river DOM did not stimulate phytoplankton growth greater than their respective inorganic nutrient controls. DOM fluorescence (EEM-PARAFAC) indicated the chicken litter contained a biologically reactive fluorescent DOM component, identified as the nonhumic, biologically labile, “N-peak”, which may be responsible for stimulating the observed phytoplankton growth in the chicken litter leachate treatments. DA - 2017/11/21/ PY - 2017/11/21/ DO - 10.1021/acs.est.7b03538 VL - 51 IS - 22 SP - 13104-13112 SN - 1520-5851 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soil Responses to Bioenergy Crop Production in the North Carolina Piedmont AU - Wang, Zan AU - Heitman, Joshua L. AU - Smyth, T. Jot AU - Crozier, Carl R. AU - Franzluebbers, Alan AU - Lee, Sage AU - Gehl, Ronald J. T2 - AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB - Core Ideas Three bioenergy and two traditional cropping systems were compared in the North Carolina Piedmont. Bioenergy crops sorghum, switchgrass, and giant mischanthus produced large yields. Removal of N, P, and K was least for perennial bioenergy crops. Perennial bioenergy crops had slightly poorer soil physical conditions after 3 yr. Organic C pools were greatest with giant miscanthus and fescue. Bioenergy crops are potential alternatives to traditional row‐crop and pasture/hay systems. A trial comparing effects of bioenergy to traditional production on soil properties was established in 2012 under no‐till in the North Carolina Piedmont. Five cropping systems included: giant miscanthus ( Miscanthus × giganteus ), switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.), biomass sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor spp.), tall fescue [ Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.], and corn ( Zea mays L.)/wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)/soybean ( Glycine max L.) rotation. Soil samples were collected before and 3 yr after trial establishment. Sorghum produced average yield of 21.5 Mg ha −1 in 2012 to 2015. Miscanthus and switchgrass reached yield plateaus of 21 and 15 Mg ha −1 , respectively, and removed significantly less N, P, and K than other crops, due to their rhizome systems and lower fertilizer requirements. They did not, however, demonstrate advantages over annual crops in soil physical properties. Soils under miscanthus and switchgrass had the least macropores and lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity. Summed to 30‐cm soil depth, miscanthus maintained similar soil organic C as with tall fescue (58.6 vs. 55.0 Mg C ha −1 ), whereas soil organic C under sorghum and switchgrass were lowest (average of 49.5 Mg ha −1 ). Microbial biomass soil C under miscanthus (0–12‐cm depth) was significantly greater than under annual crops. Negative effects of switchgrass on soil physical properties and organic C and N might have been due to tillage required for establishment. Typical bioenergy crops do not appear to have major negative or positive effects on soil properties in the North Carolina Piedmont. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.2134/agronj2017.02.0068 VL - 109 IS - 4 SP - 1368-1378 SN - 1435-0645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent evolution of the Mekong Delta and the impacts of dams AU - Li, X. AU - Liu, J. P. AU - Saito, Y. AU - Nguyen, V. L. T2 - Earth-Science Reviews DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// VL - 175 SP - 1-17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PREVALENCE OF CYSTINURIA IN SERVALS (LEPTAILURUS SERVAL) IN THE UNITED STATES AU - Cannizzo, Sarah A. AU - Stinner, Mindy AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne T2 - JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE AB - Cystinuria is a condition caused by defects in amino acid transport within the kidneys and small intestines. It has been reported in humans, dogs, domestic cats, ferrets, nondomestic canids, and nondomestic felids, including servals (Leptailurus serval). Genetic mutations have been identified in dogs, humans, and domestic cats. Cystinuria usually follows an autosomal recessive inheritance, although it can be autosomal dominant and sex linked. The primary objective of this study was to screen urine samples dried on filter paper from captive servals in the United States for cystinuria by using the cyanide-nitroprusside screening test. A second objective was to determine whether cystinuria is inheritable in servals. Servals were initially recruited for the study by survey. Owners and institutions interested in participating were sent a second survey and filter paper for collecting urine samples. Samples were collected from 25 servals. One additional serval with confirmed cystine urolithiasis was added for a total sample size of 26 servals. Twenty-seven percent (7/26) were positive, 54% (14/26) were weakly positive, and 19% (5/26) were negative. Sex, reproductive status, and urine collection method had no significant association with test results. This condition is likely underreported in servals and should be ruled out in any serval with nonspecific signs of illness; neurologic signs such as lethargy, ataxia, or seizures; ptyalism; or signs of lower urinary tract disease such as dysuria, hematuria, stranguria, pollakiuria, or urethral obstructions. DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017/12// DO - 10.1638/2016-0177.1 VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - 1102-1107 SN - 1937-2825 KW - Cyanide-nitroprusside test KW - cystine KW - cystinuria KW - Leptailurus serval KW - serval KW - urolithiasis ER - TY - JOUR TI - HEALTH STATUS OF RED-FOOTED BOOBIES (SULA SULA) DETERMINED BY HEMATOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, BLOOD GASES, AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. AU - Ulloa, Catalina AU - Deresienski, Diane AU - Regalado, Cristina AU - Munoz-Perez, Juan-Pablo AU - Garcia, Juan AU - Hardesty, Britta Denise AU - Valle, Carlos A. T2 - JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE AB - The red-footed booby ( Sula sula) is a widely distributed sulid native to the Galápagos archipelago. Hematology and blood chemistry parameters have been published for this species, but not from the San Cristóbal rookery. Analyses were run on blood samples drawn from 31 manually restrained red-footed boobies that were captured by hand from their nests at Punta Pitt on San Cristóbal Island. A portable blood analyzer (iSTAT) was used to obtain near immediate field results for pH, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, hematocrit, hemoglobin, sodium, potassium, ionized calcium, and glucose. Blood lactate was measured using a portable Lactate Plus™ analyzer. Average heart rate, respiratory rate, body weight, body temperature, and biochemistry and hematology parameters were comparable to those of healthy individuals of other sulids. The reported results provide baseline data that can be used for comparisons among populations and in detecting changes in health status among Galápagos red-footed boobies. DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017/12// DO - 10.1638/2017-0031.1 VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - 1230-1233 SN - 1937-2825 KW - Biochemistry KW - blood gases KW - Galapagos Islands KW - health status KW - hematology KW - Sula sula ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dynamic controls on shallow clinoform geometry: Mekong Delta, Vietnam AU - Eidam, E. F. AU - Nittrouer, C. A. AU - Ogston, A. S. AU - DeMaster, D. J. AU - Liu, J. P. AU - Nguyen, T. T. AU - Nguyen, T. N. T2 - CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH AB - Compound deltas, composed of a subaerial delta plain and subaqueous clinoform, are common termini of large rivers. The transition between clinoform topset and foreset, or subaqueous rollover point, is located at 25–40-m water depth for many large tide-dominated deltas; this depth is controlled by removal of sediment from the topset by waves, currents, and gravity flows. However, the Mekong Delta, which has been classified as a mixed-energy system, has a relatively shallow subaqueous rollover at 4–6-m depth. This study evaluates dynamical measurements and seabed cores collected in Sep 2014 and Mar 2015 to understand processes of sediment transfer across the subaqueous delta, and evaluate possible linkages to geometry. During the southwest rainy monsoon (Sep 2014), high river discharge, landward return flow under the river plume, and regional circulation patterns facilitated limited sediment flux to the topset and foreset, and promoted alongshore flux to the northeast. Net observed sediment fluxes in Sep 2014 were landward, however, consistent with hypotheses about seasonal storage on the topset. During the northeast rainy monsoon, low river discharge and wind-driven currents facilitated intense landward and southwestward fluxes of sediment. In both seasons, bed shear velocities frequently exceeded the 0.01–0.02 m/s threshold of motion for sand, even in the absence of strong wave energy. Most sediment transport occurred at water depths <14 m, as expected from observed cross-shelf gradients of sedimentation. Sediment accumulation rates were highest on the upper and lower foreset beds (>4 cm/yr at <10 m depth, and 3–8 cm/yr at ~10–20 m depth) and lowest on the bottomset beds. Physically laminated sediments transitioned into mottled sediments between the upper foreset and bottomset regions. Application of a simple wave-stress model to the Mekong and several other clinoforms illustrates that shallow systems are not necessarily energy-limited, and thus rollover depths cannot be predicted solely by bed-stress distributions. In systems like the subaqueous Mekong Delta, direction of transport may have a key impact on morphology. DA - 2017/9/1/ PY - 2017/9/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.csr.2017.06.001 VL - 147 SP - 165-181 SN - 1873-6955 KW - Mekong Delta KW - Clinoform KW - Monsoon sediment transport KW - Wave- and tide-dominated delta KW - Morphodynamics KW - Fluvial-tidal interaction ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determining rates of sediment accumulation on the Mekong shelf: Timescales, steady-state assumptions, and radiochemical tracers AU - DeMaster, D. J. AU - Liu, J. P. AU - Eidam, E. AU - Nittrouer, C. A. AU - Nguyen, T. T. T2 - CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH AB - Thirty-two kasten cores, collected from the proximal Mekong continental shelf, have been analyzed for their excess 210Pb distributions in an effort to establish rates of sediment accumulation over the past 100 years. The length of the cores varied from 0.5 to 3 m, and stations sampled topset, foreset, and bottomset beds (water depths 7–21 m). Apparent excess 210Pb sediment accumulation rates ranged from > 10 cm/y (no down-core decrease of excess activity over 300 cm core length) near the Song Hau river mouth, to 1–3 cm/y in topset and foreset beds within 20–50 km of the river mouth, to rates as low as 0.4 cm/y in cores from bottomset beds. The 210Pb sediment accumulation rates yield an overall sediment burial rate of 6.1 × 1013 g/y for the proximal deltaic deposits, which corresponds to 43% of the total modern Mekong sediment burial on the southern Vietnam shelf (1.4 × 1014 g/y; based on our 210Pb and seismic data and 210Pb data from the literature). This shelf burial rate is in reasonable agreement with current long-term estimates of Mekong River sediment discharge (1.3–1.6 × 1014 g/y) from the literature. The inventory of excess 210Pb in the proximal Mekong deltaic deposits indicates that the shoreward flow of offshore water (entrained during river/ocean mixing) is approximately twice the flow of the Mekong freshwater discharge. Organic-carbon 14C ages were measured on 10 cores from the proximal Mekong delta and compared to 210Pb sediment accumulation rates in the same core. The 210Pb accumulation rates in all 10 cores were considered to be more robust and accurate than the 14C geochronologies, primarily because of down-core variations in the source of organic carbon deposited on the seafloor (old terrestrial carbon versus younger marine carbon). Variations in the source of organic carbon accumulating in the seabed were resolved by measuring the δ13C value of the seabed organic carbon. DA - 2017/9/1/ PY - 2017/9/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.csr.2017.06.011 VL - 147 SP - 182-196 SN - 1873-6955 KW - Mekong delta KW - (210)pb geochronology KW - C-14 geochronology KW - Deltaic sediment accumulation rates KW - Mekong sediment budget ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chemical Speciation of Potentially Toxic Trace Metals in Coal Fly Ash Associated with the Kingston Fly Ash Spill AU - Rivera, Nelson AU - Hesterberg, Dean AU - Kaur, Navdeep AU - Duckworth, Owen W. T2 - ENERGY & FUELS AB - Coal ash released into the environment may release toxic trace elements into water, sediments, and soils. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical speciation of As, Se, Cu, Zn, Cr, and U in coal fly ash samples related to the 2008 Kingston ash spill. Three ash samples were analyzed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to determine oxidation states or dominant species of trace elements, which were previously found to range in concentration from 8 to 20 mg kg–1. Linear combination fitting (LCF) of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra from ash samples indicated that both reduced and oxidized forms of the trace elements were present in the fly ash samples. We used the mineralogical composition of the fly ash to select the most relevant standards for LCF fitting of XANES spectra, which included metal-doped glasses, trace elements sorbed to iron oxy(hydroxides), and pure mineral phases for each element. Arsenic K-edge XANES spectra were best fit as oxidized As(V) (95–100%) associated with iron phases or aluminosilicate glass, where selenium K-edge XANES spectra were fit as Se(IV) (77–86%) associated with glass, with lesser proportions of Se(VI) and a more reduced Se species [fit as Se(0) or Se(II)S2]. Zinc K-edge XANES spectra were best fit as Zn associated with ferrihydrite (70–77%), franklinite (ZnFe2O4, 8–12%), and ZnO (14–20%). Qualitative assessment of U LIII-edge and Cr K-edge XANES spectra showed dominances of U(VI) and Cr(III) oxidation states. Copper K-edge XANES data indicated the possibility of both reduced and oxidized species, although our analysis could not fully account for all spectral features. Our results revealed multiple species of each trace element in the fly ash samples, which is important for predicting environmental mobility and bioavailability under the range of geochemical conditions found in aquatic and terrestrial environments. DA - 2017/9// PY - 2017/9// DO - 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00020 VL - 31 IS - 9 SP - 9652-9659 SN - 1520-5029 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85029897922&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - A seismic study of the Mekong subaqueous delta: Proximal versus distal sediment accumulation AU - Liu, J. Paul AU - DeMaster, David J. AU - Nittrouer, Charles A. AU - Eidam, Emily F. AU - Nguyen, Thanh T. T2 - CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH AB - The Mekong River Delta is one of the largest in Asia. To understand its sediment distribution, thickness, mass budget, stratigraphic sequences and sediment-transport process, extensive geophysical and geochemical surveys were conducted on the inner portions of the adjacent continental shelf. Analyses of > 80 high-resolution Chirp-sonar profiles show the Mekong River has formed a classic sigmoidal cross-shelf clinoform in the proximal areas, up to 15 m thick, with topset, foreset and bottomset facies, but constrained to water depths of < 20 m. Beyond this depth, the East Sea/western South China Sea shelf is dominated by relict silt, sand and gravel with patches of early to middle Holocene mud deposits. Parallel to shore, the Mekong-derived sediment has extended > 250 > 300 km southwestward to the tip of the Ca Mau Peninsula, forming a distal mud depocenter up to 22 m thick, and extending into the Gulf of Thailand. A large erosional trough or channel (up to 8 m deeper than the surrounding seafloor and parallel to the shore) was found on the top of the clinoform, east of the Ca Mau Peninsula. Based on the thicknesses and distribution revealed by Chirp sonar profiles, the total estimated volume of the Mekong River subaqueous clinoform on the shelf is ~120 km3, which is equivalent to ~120–140 × 109 t of sediment using an average sediment dry-bulk density of 1.0–1.2 g/cm3. Assuming the subaqueous deltaic deposit has formed within ~1000 yr, the calculated millennial-timescale average sediment discharge to the shelf could be 120–140 × 106 t per year. Spatially, the proximal subaqueous delta has accumulated ~45 × 109 t (~33%) of sediment; the distal part around the Ca Mau Peninsula has received ~55 × 109 t (~42%) of sediment; and the remaining ~35 × 109 t (~25%) has accumulated within the central transition area, although the coastline and shoreface in this area are presently eroding. The spatially averaged 1000-yr-scale accumulate rate is up to 2 cm/yr. Compared to other tide-dominated fluvial dispersal systems, the Mekong River system has a relatively young (≤1000 yr) subaqueous delta, a shallow rollover at 4–6 m water depth, gentle foreset gradients (0.03–0.57°), and a short cross-shelf dimension of 15–20 km within 20-m water depth. Like the Amazon, Po, and Yangtze rivers, the Mekong River has developed a pervasive along-shelf deposit, which in this case extends > 250 > 300km to the southwest as a result of the superimposed tidal processes, wave-induced resuspension, and a strong low-flow season coastal current. DA - 2017/9/1/ PY - 2017/9/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.csr.2017.07.009 VL - 147 SP - 197-212 SN - 1873-6955 KW - Mekong Delta KW - Clinoform KW - Subaqueous delta KW - Along-shelf transport KW - Sediment accumulation rate KW - Chirp sonar profiles KW - Seismic stratigraphy ER - TY - JOUR TI - PARATHYROID HORMONE, IONIZED CALCIUM, AND 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D CONCENTRATIONS IN THE DOMESTIC FERRET (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO) AU - Cannizzo, Sarah A. AU - Rick, Markus AU - Harrison, Tara M. AU - Harms, Craig A. T2 - JOURNAL OF EXOTIC PET MEDICINE AB - The objective of this study was to measure parathyroid hormone (PTH), ionized calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in healthy intact adult ferrets. Serum was collected from 16 clinically healthy adult ferrets (8 males and 8 females). Concentrations of PTH and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured via commercially available radioimmunoassays validated for humans, dogs, and cats (PTH) plus horses (25-hydroxyvitamin D). Concentrations of ionized calcium (at pH 7.4) were measured using an ion-specific electrode. Median (minimum, maximum) concentrations were as follows: PTH 8.7 (2.2, 24.4) pmol/L, ionized calcium 1.15 (1.09, 1.25) mmol/L, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 94 (61, 138) nmol/L). Female ferrets had significantly higher concentrations of PTH than male ferrets (female median: 17.1 pmol/L; male median: 6.9 pmol/L). Associations among PTH, ionized calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and weight were evaluated. There was a weak negative correlation between PTH concentration and total calcium concentration in female ferrets. As none of these assays have been validated for use in ferrets, results may provide a baseline for clinicians evaluating ferrets for disorders of calcium homeostasis, parathyroid glands, and paraneoplastic syndromes. DA - 2017/10// PY - 2017/10// DO - 10.1053/j.jepm.2017.07.004 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 294-299 SN - 1931-6283 KW - ferret KW - mustelid KW - parathyroid hormone KW - ionized calcium KW - 25-hydroxyvitamin D ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intraocular pressure in American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) measured with rebound and applanation tonometry AU - Cannizzo, Sarah A. AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. AU - Westermeyer, Hans D. T2 - VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY AB - To measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) with rebound and applanation tonometry and to create calibration curves for both tonometers to determine the actual IOP of bullfrogs.Twenty bullfrogs were evaluated with slip-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, rebound tonometry, and applanation tonometry. Axial globe length and corneal thickness were measured in the three largest and the three smallest frogs with ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography, respectively. Two frogs were euthanized for direct manometry.The median IOP was 4 mmHg with the rebound tonometer and 16 mmHg with the applanation tonometer. The correlation coefficient (r2 ) between the manometry measurements and the tonometers was 0.95 and 0.91 for the rebound and applanation tonometers, respectively. The corresponding equations were y = 0.331x + 0.558 for the rebound tonometer and y = 0.675x + 1.907 for the applanation tonometer. The median axial globe length was 0.94 cm. The median corneal thickness was 0.093 mm.The rebound tonometer is the preferable tonometer for American Bullfrogs. Neither tonometer produced IOP readings that matched the manometer. The rebound tonometer was more precise and it was faster and easier to use. DA - 2017/11// PY - 2017/11// DO - 10.1111/vop.12463 VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 526-532 SN - 1463-5224 KW - American Bullfrog KW - intraocular pressure KW - Rana catesbeiana KW - tonometry KW - Tono-Pen AVIA Vet (R) KW - TonoVet (R) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development and Field Application of a Model Predicting Effects of Episodic Hypoxia on Short-Term Growth of Spot AU - Campbell, Lindsay A. AU - Rice, James A. T2 - MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES AB - Abstract In North Carolina and elsewhere, there is concern that excessive nutrient loading and resulting hypoxic conditions in coastal ecosystems are adversely affecting the native fauna, but quantifying the effects on fish can be difficult. Hypoxia may reduce fish growth via direct exposure or indirectly (e.g., cost of low‐oxygen avoidance, reduced food availability, and density‐dependent effects in oxygenated refuges). Given the fine spatial and temporal scale of oxygen dynamics in estuarine habitats, evaluating the impacts of hypoxia on fish growth requires short‐term growth indicators that integrate the effects of rapidly changing environmental conditions. To address this need, we experimentally determined the sensitivity and response time of a suite of bioindicators of recent growth (RNA:DNA ratio and RNA concentration in muscle tissue; insulin‐like growth factor‐I messenger RNA expression in the liver; hepatosomatic index; and Fulton's condition factor K ) to changes in the specific growth rate of juvenile Spot Leiostomus xanthurus . A model based on multiple bioindicators was better at estimating growth rate than models based on single indicators. We used this model to estimate recent growth rates of juvenile Spot collected from the Neuse River estuary and related them to recent dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions. Estimated growth rates of Spot collected after a week of good DO conditions were almost twice those of Spot collected after a week of poor DO conditions. Using these results and DO data from the Neuse River estuary in 2007–2010, we estimated that hypoxia dynamics reduced Spot growth over the summer by 6–18% in these years relative to growth under constant good DO conditions. This approach can be used to evaluate impacts of observed or modeled scenarios of water quality dynamics on growth of juvenile Spot and serves as a template for development of predictive growth models for other species. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/19425120.2017.1362492 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 504-520 SN - 1942-5120 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Commentary on "A possible trade-off between clean air and clean water" by Smith et al. (2017) AU - Robarge, Wayne AU - Duckworth, Owen AU - Osmond, Deanna AU - Smyth, Jot AU - River, Mark T2 - JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AB - Authors of the recent feature article by Smith et al., which was published in the A Section of the July/August 2017 issue of the Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (A Section articles are not peer-reviewed while articles in the Research Section of the journal are peer-reviewed), have conducted water quality research in the Western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) and demonstrated multiple potential causes of increased soluble phosphorous (SP) loading, including agricultural practice changes such as increased no-till, tile drainage, surface application of fall fertilizer, and weather. In their article, “A possible trade-off between clean air and clean water,” these authors propose an additional cause: the connection between the success of the Clean Air Act in improving air quality in the United States and increases in SP loading that have contributed to harmful algal blooms in the WLEB. Although we agree that scientists must always be vigilant for pernicious consequences of well-meaning actions, we believe that there are flaws in the study design and data interpretation that undermine the conclusion of article. Specifically, what we see as flaws in the interpretation of the data presented in table 1 and figures 2 and 3 are described below. Furthermore, the authors do… DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.2489/jswc.72.6.121a VL - 72 IS - 6 SP - 121A-122A SN - 1941-3300 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85033378332&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aerosol Properties Observed in the Subtropical North Pacific Boundary Layer AU - Royalty, T. M. AU - Phillips, B. N. AU - Dawson, K. W. AU - Reed, R. AU - Meskhidze, N. AU - Petters, M. D. T2 - JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES AB - Abstract The impact of anthropogenic aerosol on climate forcing remains uncertain largely due to inadequate representation of natural aerosols in climate models. The marine boundary layer (MBL) might serve as a model location to study natural aerosol processes. Yet source and sink mechanisms controlling the MBL aerosol number, size distribution, chemical composition, and hygroscopic properties remain poorly constrained. Here aerosol size distribution and water uptake measurements were made aboard the R/V Hi'ialakai from 27 June to 3 July 2016 in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Size distributions were predominantly bimodal with an average integrated number concentration of 197 ± 98 cm −3 . Hygroscopic growth factors were measured using the tandem differential mobility analyzer technique for dry 48, 96, and 144 nm particles. Mode kappa values for these were 0.57 ± 0.12, 0.51 ± 0.09, and 0.52 ± 0.08, respectively. To better understand remote MBL aerosol sources, a new algorithm was developed which decomposes hygroscopicity distributions into three classes: carbon‐containing particles, sulfate‐like particles, and sodium‐containing particles. Results from this algorithm showed low and steady sodium‐containing particle concentrations while the sulfate‐like and carbon‐containing particle concentrations varied during the cruise. According to the classification scheme, carbon‐containing particles contributed at least 3–7%, sulfate‐like particles contributed at most 77–88% and sodium‐containing particles at least contributed 9–16% to the total aerosol number concentration. Size distribution and hygroscopicity data, in conjunction with air mass back trajectory analysis, suggested that the aerosol budget in the subtropical North Pacific MBL may be controlled by aerosol entrainment from the free troposphere. DA - 2017/9/27/ PY - 2017/9/27/ DO - 10.1002/2017jd026897 VL - 122 IS - 18 SP - 9990-10012 SN - 2169-8996 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 1 H-NMR metabolomic study of whole blood from hatchling loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta ) exposed to crude oil and/or Corexit AU - Bembenek Bailey, Stasia A. AU - Niemuth, Jennifer N. AU - McClellan-Green, Patricia D. AU - Godfrey, Matthew H. AU - Harms, Craig A. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. T2 - Royal Society Open Science AB - We used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR) to evaluate metabolic impacts of environmentally relevant crude oil and Corexit exposures on the physiology of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta ). Sample extraction and data acquisition methods for very small volume whole blood samples and sources of variation between individual hatchlings were assessed. Sixteen unclotted, whole blood samples were obtained from 7-day-old hatchlings after a 4-day cutaneous exposure to either control seawater, crude oil, Corexit 9500A or a combination of crude oil and Corexit 9500A. After extraction, one- and two-dimensional 1 H-NMR spectra of the samples were obtained, and 17 metabolites were identified and confirmed in the whole blood spectra. Variation among samples due to the concentrations of metabolites 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, trimethylamine oxide and propylene glycol did not statistically correlate with treatment group. However, the characterization of the hatchling loggerhead whole blood metabolome provides a foundation for future metabolomic research with sea turtles and a basis for the study of tissues from exposed hatchling sea turtles. DA - 2017/11// PY - 2017/11// DO - 10.1098/rsos.171433 VL - 4 IS - 11 SP - 171433 J2 - R. Soc. open sci. LA - en OP - SN - 2054-5703 2054-5703 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171433 DB - Crossref KW - Caretta caretta KW - Corexit 9500A KW - crude oil KW - nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy KW - small volume samples KW - whole blood ER - TY - JOUR TI - The economics of electricity generation from Gulf Stream currents AU - Li, Binghui AU - Queiroz, Anderson Rodrigo AU - DeCarolis, Joseph F. AU - Bane, John AU - He, Ruoying AU - Keeler, Andrew G. AU - Neary, Vincent S. T2 - ENERGY AB - Hydrokinetic turbines harnessing energy from ocean currents represent a potential low carbon electricity source. This study provides a detailed techno-economic assessment of ocean turbines operating in the Gulf Stream off the North Carolina coast. Using hindcast data from a high-resolution ocean circulation model in conjunction with the US Department of Energy's reference model 4 (RM4) for ocean turbines, we examine resource quality and apply portfolio optimization to identify the best candidate sites for ocean turbine deployment. We find that the lowest average levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) from a single site can reach 400 $/MWh. By optimally selecting geographically dispersed sites and taking advantage of economies of scale, the variations in total energy output can be reduced by an order of magnitude while keeping the LCOE below 300 $/MWh. Power take-off and transmission infrastructure are the largest cost drivers, and variation in resource quality can have a significant influence on the project LCOE. While this study focuses on a limited spatial domain, it provides a framework to assess the techno-economic feasibility of ocean current energy in other western boundary currents. DA - 2017/9/1/ PY - 2017/9/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.048 VL - 134 SP - 649-658 SN - 1873-6785 KW - Ocean current energy KW - Gulf Stream KW - Portfolio optimization KW - Energy economics KW - Renewable generation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recombinase polymerase amplification: a promising point-of-care detection method for enteric viruses AU - Moore, Matthew D. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - FUTURE VIROLOGY AB - Viral enteric disease imposes a considerable public health and economic burden globally in both humans and livestock. Because enteric viruses are highly transmissible and resistant to numerous control strategies, making early in-field or point-of-care detection is important. There are problems with ligand-based detection strategies (e.g., sensitivity, false positive/negatives) for virus detection. Traditional amplification-based strategies are sensitive, but not as portable or rapid. Recombinase polymerase amplification is a new isothermal technique that utilizes bacterial genome repair enzymes to rapidly amplify target sequences. This report reviews the use of recombinase polymerase amplification for virus detection, showing that the method has favorable fundamental properties supporting its promise for rapid point-of-care detection of enteric viruses. DA - 2017/8// PY - 2017/8// DO - 10.2217/fvl-2017-0034 VL - 12 IS - 8 SP - 421-429 SN - 1746-0808 KW - detection KW - enteric virus KW - in-field KW - point-of-care KW - recombinase polymerase amplification ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparing Na/K-ATPase activity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) larvae at specific developmental stages, using different sodium vs potassium and calcium vs magnesium concentrations, and sodium potassium adsorption ratio (SPAR) mediums AU - Tavabe, Kamran Rezaei AU - Rafiee, Gholamreza AU - Frinsko, Michael AU - Daniels, Harry T2 - AQUACULTURE AB - The present study analyzed the Na/K-ATPase activity (μmol ADP/mg protein/h) of Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae at specific developmental stages using different environmental concentrations of sodium vs potassium and calcium vs magnesium, for pairwise comparison. In addition, we also compared the effect of various sodium potassium adsorption ratio (SPAR) mediums to Na/K-ATPase activity. The first experiment compared the effect of sodium concentrations (4000 and 5000 ppm) vs potassium concentrations (150 and 200 ppm), while the second experiment compared the effect of calcium concentrations (180 and 240 ppm) vs magnesium concentrations (300 and 400 ppm), as in pairwise combination on the Na/K-ATPase activity. The third experiment compared Na/K-ATPase activity for various SPAR mediums (20, 30, 40 and 50). Larval condition index (LCI), larval dry weight and percent survival were determined at the 1st, 4th, 7th and 11th stages for each experiment. For each experimental treatment, triplicate 80-l closed-loop RAS systems were used. Initial larvae stocking density was 300 larvae l− 1. For each container, a 40 mg batch of larvae was collected at each of the 4 larval stages to analyze Na/K-ATPase activity and LCI. These results revealed that at the 1st and 4th larval stages both sodium and potassium independently and in combination, affected (P < 0.05) Na/K-ATPase activity. However, at the 7th stage, enzyme activity was confirmed only among the treatments, independently. At the 11th stage, enzyme activity was demonstrated among the combined treatments, in addition to potassium, alone. Calcium and magnesium only showed larval Na/K-ATPase activity independently at the 1st and 4th larval stages. Results also showed that at the 1st and 4th larval stages, Na/K-ATPase activity was significantly higher for SPAR 20 but, at the 7th and 11th stages the enzyme activity was significantly higher at both SPAR 20 and 30. Accordingly, our findings have demonstrated that, Na/K-ATPase activity is highly variable during M. rosenbergii larval development and that it is mainly affected by interactions of common environmental macro-elements involved in larval osmoregulation. As such, we recommend M. rosenbergii hatcheries to operate as close as possible to SPAR 30 for early larval development and SPAR 40 for later larval development. DA - 2017/10/1/ PY - 2017/10/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.001 VL - 479 SP - 619-625 SN - 1873-5622 KW - Macrobrachium rosenbergii KW - Na/K-ATPase KW - Larval condition index KW - Sodium potassium adsorption ratio (SPAR) KW - Osmoregulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - A plate-based histo-blood group antigen binding assay for evaluation of human norovirus receptor binding ability AU - Moore, Matthew D. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AB - Human norovirus is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Although two in vitro cultivation methods have been reported, they cannot provide mechanistic insights into viral inactivation. Receptor-binding assays supplement these assays and give insight into capsid integrity. We present a streamlined version of a receptor-binding assay with minimal time-to-result while maintaining accuracy and high throughput. We validate assay performance for physical and chemical inactivation treatments of a norovirus GII.4 capsid. The assay produces a high positive/negative ratio (25.3 ± 4.9) in <2.5 h and has a limit of detection of 0.1 μg/ml capsid. This method is a valuable additional tool for understanding human norovirus inactivation. DA - 2017/9/15/ PY - 2017/9/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.ab.2017.06.012 VL - 533 SP - 56-59 SN - 1096-0309 KW - Norovirus KW - Disinfection KW - Capsid functionality KW - Histo-blood group antigens KW - Receptor binding assay ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Systematic Review of the Use of Social Media for Food Safety Risk Communication AU - Overbey, Katie N. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Chapman, Benjamin J. T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB - This article covers the current published literature related to the use of social media in food safety and infectious disease communication. The aim was to analyze literature recommendations and draw conclusions about how best to utilize social media for food safety risk communication going forward. A systematic literature review was conducted, and 24 articles were included for analysis. The inclusion criteria were (i) original peer-reviewed articles and (ii) primary focus on communication through social media about food safety and/or infectious diseases. Studies were coded for themes about social media applications, benefits, limitations, and best practices. Trust and personal beliefs were important drivers of social media use. The wide reach, immediacy, and information gathering capacities of social media were frequently cited benefits. Suggestions for social media best practices were inconsistent among studies, and study designs were highly variable. More evidence-based suggestions are needed to better establish guidelines for social media use in food safety and infectious disease risk communication. The information gleaned from this review can be used to create effective messages for shaping food safety behaviors. DA - 2017/9// PY - 2017/9// DO - 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-345 VL - 80 IS - 9 SP - 1537-1549 SN - 1944-9097 KW - Foodborne illness KW - Food safety KW - Infectious disease KW - Social media ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping the Soundscape Off the Southeastern USA by Using Passive Acoustic Glider Technology AU - Wall, Carrie C. AU - Mann, David A. AU - Lembke, Chad AU - Taylor, Chris AU - He, Ruoying AU - Kellison, Todd T2 - MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES AB - Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the soundscape of shelf‐edge Atlantic waters of the southeastern USA (SEUS) during winter by using passive acoustic and autonomous glider technologies, with a focus on the distribution of groupers. An autonomous glider was deployed off the SEUS coast near Cape Canaveral, Florida, on March 3, 2014, and transited to Cape Fear, North Carolina, where it was retrieved on April 1, 2014. Using satellite and hydrodynamic model data for guidance, the glider piloted in and out of the Gulf Stream, taking advantage of the high currents to reach the targeted sampling area. Ambient noise was recorded by an integrated passive acoustic recorder during the 29‐d mission, in which the glider traveled 895 km and reached waters 267 m deep. A variety of sounds was identified in the acoustic recordings, including sounds generated by Red Grouper Epinephelus morio and toadfishes Opsanus sp.; two sounds previously documented in the Gulf of Mexico that were suspected to be produced by fish; whistles and echolocation from marine mammals; and extensive vessel noise. Numerous sounds from previously undocumented sources were also recorded. The Red Grouper was the only serranid that was consistently identified from the sound data, with detections occurring within and outside of South Atlantic Fishery Management Council marine protected areas. This research demonstrates the potential utility of a glider‐based passive acoustic approach as a component of a program to map fish, marine mammal, and vessel distributions over large scales. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/19425120.2016.1255685 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 23-37 SN - 1942-5120 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2016.1255685 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MYCOBACTERIUM INTRACELLULARE INFECTION CAUSING A RETROPERITONEAL MASS IN A BINTURONG (ARCTICTIS BINTURONG) AU - Adamovicz, Laura AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne AU - Talley, Ashley AU - Cullen, John M. AU - Cohen, Eli B. AU - Bizikova, Petra AU - Grunkemeyer, Vanessa T2 - JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE AB - A 19-yr-old castrated male binturong (Arctictis binturong) with a history of recurrent pyogranulomatous panniculitis, lymphangitis, and dermatitis was presented for evaluation of hyporexia and tenesmus. A large caudal abdominal mass was palpated on physical examination. On ultrasound, the mass encircled and obstructed the left ureter, resulting in hydroureter and hydronephrosis. The animal was euthanized, and necropsy revealed a large retroperitoneal pyogranuloma with acid-fast organisms identified in both the mass and the perineal skin. The acid-fast organisms within the retroperitoneal mass were identified as Mycobacterium intracellulare by PCR. This case represents an unusual presentation of M. intracellulare in a novel species. DA - 2017/6// PY - 2017/6// DO - 10.1638/2016-0117r.1 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 544-548 SN - 1937-2825 KW - Arctictis binturong KW - binturong KW - mycobacteriosis KW - Mycobacterium intracellulare KW - pyogranuloma ER - TY - JOUR TI - Keys to successful grant writing AU - Jaykus, L. A. T2 - Journal of Food Science DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// VL - 82 IS - 7 SP - 1511-1512 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Advancing coastal ocean modelling, analysis, and prediction for the US Integrated Ocean Observing System AU - Wilkin, John AU - Rosenfeld, Leslie AU - Allen, Arthur AU - Baltes, Rebecca AU - Baptista, Antonio AU - He, Ruoying AU - Hogan, Patrick AU - Kurapov, Alexander AU - Mehra, Avichal AU - Quintrell, Josie AU - Schwab, David AU - Signell, Richard AU - Smith, Jane T2 - JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY AB - This paper outlines strategies that would advance coastal ocean modelling, analysis and prediction as a complement to the observing and data management activities of the coastal components of the US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®) and the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The views presented are the consensus of a group of US-based researchers with a cross-section of coastal oceanography and ocean modelling expertise and community representation drawn from Regional and US Federal partners in IOOS. Priorities for research and development are suggested that would enhance the value of IOOS observations through model-based synthesis, deliver better model-based information products, and assist the design, evaluation, and operation of the observing system itself. The proposed priorities are: model coupling, data assimilation, nearshore processes, cyberinfrastructure and model skill assessment, modelling for observing system design, evaluation and operation, ensemble prediction, and fast predictors. Approaches are suggested to accomplish substantial progress in a 3–8-year timeframe. In addition, the group proposes steps to promote collaboration between research and operations groups in Regional Associations, US Federal Agencies, and the international ocean research community in general that would foster coordination on scientific and technical issues, and strengthen federal–academic partnerships benefiting IOOS stakeholders and end users. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/1755876x.2017.1322026 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 115-126 SN - 1755-8778 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2017.1322026 KW - Coastal ocean KW - modelling KW - forecasting KW - real-time KW - operational KW - data assimilation KW - cyberinfrastructure KW - skill assessment KW - model coupling KW - observing system design KW - GOOS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stable Transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto on the Outer Banks of North Carolina AU - Levine, J. F. AU - Apperson, C. S. AU - Levin, M. AU - Kelly, T. R. AU - Kakumanu, M. L. AU - Ponnusamy, L. AU - Sutton, H. AU - Salger, S. A. AU - Caldwell, J. M. AU - Szempruch, A. J. T2 - Zoonoses and Public Health AB - The spirochaete (Borrelia burgdorferi) associated with Lyme disease was detected in questing ticks and rodents during a period of 18 years, 1991-2009, at five locations on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. The black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) was collected at varied intervals between 1991 and 2009 and examined for B. burgdorferi. The white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), house mouse (Mus musculus) marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris), eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) and six-lined racerunner (Cnemidophorus sexlineatus) were live-trapped, and their tissues cultured to isolate spirochaetes. Borrelia burgdorferi isolates were obtained from questing adult I. scapularis and engorged I. scapularis removed from P. leucopus, O. palustris and S. floridanus. The prevalence of B. burgdorferi infection was variable at different times and sites ranging from 7 to 14% of examined questing I. scapularis. Mitochondrial (16S) rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis from 65 adult I. scapularis identified 12 haplotypes in two major clades. Nine haplotypes were associated with northern/Midwestern I. scapularis populations and three with southern I. scapularis populations. Sixteen isolates obtained from tick hosts in 2005 were confirmed to be B. burgdorferi by amplifying and sequencing of 16S rRNA and 5S-23S intergenic spacer fragments. The sequences had 98-99% identity to B. burgdorferi sensu stricto strains B31, JD1 and M11p. Taken together, these studies indicate that B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is endemic in questing I. scapularis and mammalian tick hosts on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. DA - 2017/8// PY - 2017/8// DO - 10.1111/zph.12302 VL - 64 IS - 5 SP - 337–354 SN - 1863-1959 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zph.12302 KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - Peromyscus leucopus KW - Oryzomys palustris KW - Sylvilagus palustris KW - Outer Banks KW - North Carolina ER - TY - JOUR TI - Shoal morphodynamics of the Changjiang (Yangtze) estuary: Influences from river damming, estuarine hydraulic engineering and reclamation projects AU - Wei, W. AU - Dai, Z. J. AU - Mei, X. F. AU - Liu, J. P. AU - Gao, S. AU - Li, S. S. T2 - Marine Geology DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// VL - 386 SP - 32-43 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) boatwhistle call detection and patterns within a large-scale oyster restoration site AU - Ricci, Shannon W. AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Kellogg, M. Lisa AU - Lyon, R. Patrick T2 - PLOS ONE AB - During May 2015, passive acoustic recorders were deployed at eight subtidal oyster reefs within Harris Creek Oyster Sanctuary in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland USA. These sites were selected to represent both restored and unrestored habitats having a range of oyster densities. Throughout the survey, the soundscape within Harris Creek was dominated by the boatwhistle calls of the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau. A novel, multi-kernel spectral correlation approach was developed to automatically detect these boatwhistle calls using their two lowest harmonic bands. The results provided quantitative information on how call rate and call frequency varied in space and time. Toadfish boatwhistle fundamental frequency ranged from 140 Hz to 260 Hz and was well correlated (r = 0.94) with changes in water temperature, with the fundamental frequency increasing by ~11 Hz for every 1°C increase in temperature. The boatwhistle call rate increased from just a few calls per minute at the start of monitoring on May 7th to ~100 calls/min on May 10th and remained elevated throughout the survey. As male toadfish are known to generate boatwhistles to attract mates, this rapid increase in call rate was interpreted to mark the onset of spring spawning behavior. Call rate was not modulated by water temperature, but showed a consistent diurnal pattern, with a sharp decrease in rate just before sunrise and a peak just after sunset. There was a significant difference in call rate between restored and unrestored reefs, with restored sites having nearly twice the call rate as unrestored sites. This work highlights the benefits of using automated detection techniques that provide quantitative information on species-specific call characteristics and patterns. This type of non-invasive acoustic monitoring provides long-term, semi-continuous information on animal behavior and abundance, and operates effectively in settings that are otherwise difficult to sample. DA - 2017/8/8/ PY - 2017/8/8/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0182757 VL - 12 IS - 8 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Integrated Approach for Assessing Tropical Cyclone Track and Intensity Forecasts AU - Zhang, Wenqing AU - Xie, Lian AU - Liu, Bin AU - Guan, Changlong T2 - WEATHER AND FORECASTING AB - Abstract Track, intensity, and, in some cases, size are usually used as separate evaluation parameters to assess numerical model performance on tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts. Such an individual-parameter evaluation approach often encounters contradictory skill assessments for different parameters, for instance, small track error with large intensity error and vice versa. In this study, an intensity-weighted hurricane track density function (IW-HTDF) is designed as a new approach to the integrated evaluation of TC track, intensity, and size forecasts. The sensitivity of the TC track density to TC wind radius was investigated by calculating the IW-HTDF with density functions defined by 1) asymmetric, 2) symmetric, and 3) constant wind radii. Using the best-track data as the benchmark, IW-HTDF provides a specific score value for a TC forecast validated for a specific date and time or duration. This new TC forecast evaluation approach provides a relatively concise, integrated skill score compared with multiple skill scores when track, intensity and size are evaluated separately. It should be noted that actual observations of TC size data are very limited and so are the estimations of TC size forecasts. Therefore, including TC size as a forecast evaluation parameter is exploratory at the present. The proposed integrated evaluation method for TC track, intensity, and size forecasts can be used for evaluating the track forecast alone or in combination with intensity and size parameters. As observations and forecasts of TC size become routine in the future, including TC size as a forecast skill assessment parameter will become more imperative. DA - 2017/6// PY - 2017/6// DO - 10.1175/waf-d-16-0161.1 VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 969-990 SN - 1520-0434 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wave Exposure Structures Oyster Distribution on Natural Intertidal Reefs, But Not on Hardened Shorelines AU - Theuerkauf, Seth J. AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Puckett, Brandon J. AU - Theuerkauf, Kathrynlynn W. T2 - ESTUARIES AND COASTS DA - 2017/3// PY - 2017/3// DO - 10.1007/s12237-016-0153-6 VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 376-386 SN - 1559-2731 KW - Wave exposure KW - Living shorelines KW - Intertidal KW - Restoration KW - Hardened shorelines KW - Crassostrea virginica ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vitrification as an Alternative Approach for Sperm Cryopreservation in Marine Fishes AU - Cuevas-Uribe, Rafael AU - Hu, E. AU - Daniels, Harry AU - Gill, Adriane O. AU - Tiersch, Terrence R. T2 - NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE AB - Abstract The Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma is a high‐value species and a promising aquaculture candidate. Because sperm volume can be limited in this species (<500 µL), new sperm cryopreservation methods need to be evaluated. Vitrification is an alternative to conventional slow‐rate freezing, whereby small volumes are cryopreserved at high cooling rates (>1,000°C/min). The goal of this work was to develop a standardized approach for vitrification of Southern Flounder sperm. The specific objectives were to (1) evaluate thawing methods and vitrification solutions, (2) evaluate the postthaw membrane integrity of sperm vitrified in different cryoprotectant solutions, (3) examine the relationship between membrane integrity and motility, and (4) evaluate the ability of vitrified sperm to fertilize eggs. From the vitrification solutions tested, the highest postthaw motility (28 ± 9% [mean ± SD]) and membrane integrity (11 ± 4%) was observed for 20% ethylene glycol plus 20% glycerol. There was no significant difference in postthaw motility of sperm thawed at 21°C or at 37°C. Fertilization from vitrified sperm in one trial yielded the same fertilization rate (50 ± 20%) as the fresh sperm control, while the sperm from the other two males yielded 3%. This is the first report of fertilization by vitrified sperm in a marine fish. Vitrification can be simple, fast, inexpensive, performed in the field, and, at least for small fishes, offers an alternative to conventional cryopreservation. Because of the minute volumes needed for ultrarapid cooling, vitrification is not presently suited as a production method for large fishes. Vitrification can be used to reconstitute lines from valuable culture species and biomedical models, conserve mutants for development of novel lines for ornamental aquaculture, and transport frozen sperm from the field to the repository to expand genetic resources. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/15222055.2017.1281855 VL - 79 IS - 2 SP - 187-196 SN - 1548-8454 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Virus-bacteria interactions: An emerging topic in human infection AU - Almand, E. A. AU - Moore, M. D. AU - Jaykus, L. A. T2 - Viruses-Basel DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// VL - 9 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Siderophore and Organic Acid Promoted Dissolution and Transformation of Cr(III)-Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxides AU - Saad, Emily M. AU - Sun, Jingying AU - Chen, Shuo AU - Borkiewicz, Olaf J. AU - Zhu, Mengqiang AU - Duckworth, Owen W. AU - Tang, Yuanzhi T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AB - The role of microbial activities on the transformation of chromium (Cr) remediation products has generally been overlooked. This study investigated the stability of Cr(III)-Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxides, common Cr(VI) remediation products, with a range of compositions in the presence of common microbial exudates, siderophores and small organic acids. In the presence of a representative siderophore, desferrioxamine B (DFOB), iron (Fe) was released at higher rates and to greater extents relative to Cr from all solid phases. The presence of oxalate alone caused the release of Cr, but not of Fe, from all solid phases. In the presence of both DFOB and oxalate, oxalate acted synergistically with DFOB to increase the Fe, but not the Cr, release rate. Upon reaction with DFOB or DFOB + oxalate, the remaining solids became enriched in Cr relative to Fe. Such incongruent dissolution led to solid phases with different compositions and increased solubility relative to the initial solid phases. Thus, the presence of microbial exudates can promote the release of Cr(III) from remediation products via both ligand complexation and increased solid solubility. Understanding the potential reaction kinetics and pathways of Cr(VI) remediation products in the presence of microbial activities is necessary to assess their long-term stability. DA - 2017/3/21/ PY - 2017/3/21/ DO - 10.1021/acs.est.6b05408 VL - 51 IS - 6 SP - 3223-3232 SN - 1520-5851 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85018405588&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Relating cold tolerance to winterkill for spotted seatrout at its northern latitudinal limits AU - Ellis, Timothy A. AU - Buckel, Jeffrey A. AU - Hightower, Joseph E. AU - Poland, Stephen J. T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY AB - In the absence of winter thermal refugia, acute cold stress can lead to episodic mass mortality (winterkill) in fishes. Populations existing near the northern extent of a species' latitudinal range, such as spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830), in North Carolina, USA, are particularly vulnerable to winterkill. Information on cold tolerance for spotted seatrout is incomplete, which limits understanding of a likely important source of natural mortality for this species. In this study, two laboratory experiments for controlled exposure of spotted seatrout to dynamic decreases in water temperature were conducted in order to determine cold tolerance as affected by either rapid or prolonged exposure to low-temperature extremes across upper- (10) and lower-estuarine (30) salinities. Under rapid exposure, spotted seatrout were unable to maintain equilibrium at temperatures ≤ 4°C, with a small but measured mitigating effect of high salinity on the onset of observed physiological stress. No fish survived prolonged exposure (2 d) to 3 °C but spotted seatrout were tolerant of exposures to 5 °C for approximately 5 d, after which survival precipitously declined. Survival after 10-d exposure to 7 °C was high but not absolute. Salinity had no measured effect on mortality rates in the prolonged exposure trials. These empirical estimates of low-temperature thresholds, along with previously determined field estimates of instantaneous winter natural mortality rate (M), were used to develop models for predicting M. Historic daily water temperatures were used to estimate winter M of spotted seatrout from 1994 to 2015. Predictions of M suggest winterkill (≥ 50% population loss) in eight of the last 22 years; these years correspond to anecdotal and fishery-independent observations of winterkill events in North Carolina. The results of this study provide strong evidence for thermally-limited overwinter survival of spotted seatrout at its northern latitudinal limits, where winterkill events can have population-level impacts. DA - 2017/5// PY - 2017/5// DO - 10.1016/j.jembe.2017.01.010 VL - 490 SP - 42-51 SN - 1879-1697 KW - Spotted seatrout KW - Thermal tolerance KW - Natural mortality rate KW - Overwinter mortality KW - Acute cold stress ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multivariate Analyses of Phytoplankton Pigment Fluorescence from a Freshwater River Network AU - Bhattacharya, Ruchi AU - Osburn, Christopher L. T2 - Environmental Science & Technology AB - Monitoring phytoplankton classes in river networks is critical to understanding phytoplankton dynamics and to predicting the ecosystem response to changing land-use and seasons. Applicability of phytoplankton fluorescence as a quick and effective ecological monitoring approach is relatively unexplored in freshwater ecosystems. We used multivariate analyses of fluorescence from pigment extracted in 90% acetone to assess the variability in phytoplankton classes, herbivory, and organic matter quality in a freshwater river network. A total of four models developed by the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of fluorescence excitation and emission matrices identified six components: Model 1 (pheophytin-A and chlorophyll-A), Model 2 (chlorophyll-B and chlorophyll-C), Model 3 (pheophytin-B), and Model 4 (pheophytin-C). Redundancy analyses revealed that in the summer, urban and agricultural streams were abundant in chlorophylls, fresh organic matter, and organic nitrogen, whereas in winter, streams were high in phaeopigments. A slow-moving, light-limited wetland stream was an exception as high phaeopigment abundance was observed in both seasons. The PARAFAC components were used to develop a partial least-squares regression-based model (r2 = 0.53; Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.5; n = 147) that successfully predicted chlorophyll-A concentrations from an external subset of river water samples (r2 = 0.41; p < 0.0001; n = 75). Thus, combining multivariate analyses and fluorescence spectroscopy is useful for monitoring and predicting phytoplankton dynamics in large river networks. DA - 2017/5/30/ PY - 2017/5/30/ DO - 10.1021/acs.est.6b05880 VL - 51 IS - 12 SP - 6683-6690 J2 - Environ. Sci. Technol. LA - en OP - SN - 0013-936X 1520-5851 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05880 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Explosive processes during the 2015 eruption of Axial Seamount, as recorded by seafloor hydrophones AU - Caplan-Auerbach, J. AU - Dziak, R. P. AU - Haxel, J. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D. R. AU - Garcia, C. T2 - GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS AB - Abstract Following the installation of the Ocean Observatories Initiative cabled array, the 2015 eruption of Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca ridge, became the first submarine eruption to be captured in real time by seafloor seismic and acoustic instruments. This eruption also marked the first instance where the entire eruption cycle of a submarine volcano, from the previous eruption in 2011 to the end of the month‐long 2015 event, was monitored continuously using autonomous ocean bottom hydrophones. Impulsive sounds associated with explosive lava‐water interactions are identified within hydrophone records during both eruptions. Explosions within the caldera are acoustically distinguishable from those occurring in association with north rift lava flows erupting in 2015. Acoustic data also record a series of broadband diffuse events, occurring in the waning phase of the eruption, and are interpreted as submarine Hawaiian explosions. This transition from gas‐poor to gas‐rich eruptive activity coincides with an increase in water temperature within the caldera and with a decrease in the rate of deflation. The last recorded diffuse events coincide with the end of the eruption, represented by the onset of inflation. All the observed explosion signals couple strongly into the water column, and only weakly into the solid Earth, demonstrating the importance of hydroacoustic observations as a complement to seismic and geodetic studies of submarine eruptions. DA - 2017/4// PY - 2017/4// DO - 10.1002/2016gc006734 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 1761-1774 SN - 1525-2027 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy of Neutral Electrolyzed Water for Inactivation of Human Norovirus AU - Moorman, Eric AU - Montazeri, Naim AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - Human norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Persistence on surfaces and resistance to many conventional disinfectants contribute to widespread transmission of norovirus. We examined the efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water (NEW; pH 7) for inactivation of human NoV GII.4 Sydney in suspension (ASTM method 1052-11) and on stainless steel surfaces (ASTM method 1053-11) with and without an additional soil load. The impact of the disinfectant on viral capsid was assessed using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR; with an RNase pretreatment), SDS-PAGE, transmission electron microscopy, and a histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) receptor-binding assay. These studies were done in parallel with those using Tulane virus (TuV), a cultivable human NoV surrogate. Neutral electrolyzed water at 250 ppm free available chlorine produced a 4.8- and 0.4-log10 reduction in NoV genome copy number after 1 min in suspension and on stainless steel, respectively. Increasing the contact time on surfaces to 5, 10, 15, and 30 min reduced human NoV genomic copies by 0.5, 1.6, 2.4, and 5.0 log10 and TuV infectious titers by 2.4, 3.0, 3.8, and 4.1 log10 PFU, respectively. Increased soil load effectively eliminated antiviral efficacy regardless of testing method and virus. Exposure to NEW induced a near complete loss of receptor binding (5 ppm, 30 s), degradation of VP1 major capsid protein (250 ppm, 5 min), and increased virus particle aggregation (150 ppm, 30 min). Neutral electrolyzed water at 250 ppm shows promise as an antinoroviral disinfectant when used on precleaned stainless steel surfaces.IMPORTANCE Norovirus is the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Transmission occurs by fecal-oral or vomitus-oral routes. The persistence of norovirus on contaminated environmental surfaces exacerbates its spread, as does its resistance to many conventional disinfectants. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the antinoroviral efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water (NEW), a novel chlorine-based disinfectant that can be used at reduced concentrations, making it more environmentally friendly and less corrosive than bleach. An industrial-scale electrochemical activation device capable of producing relatively stable electrolyzed water at a wide pH range was used in this study. Experiments showed that 250 ppm NEW effectively eliminated (defined as a 5-log10 reduction) human norovirus GII.4 Sydney (epidemic strain) on clean stainless steel surfaces after a 30-min exposure. Supporting studies showed that, like bleach, NEW causes inactivation by disrupting the virus capsid. This product shows promise as a bleach alternative with antinoroviral efficacy. DA - 2017/8// PY - 2017/8// DO - 10.1128/aem.00653-17 VL - 83 IS - 16 SP - SN - 1098-5336 KW - disinfection KW - environmental contamination KW - norovirus KW - public health KW - surrogate KW - virus inactivation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of alfaxalone administered intravenously to healthy yearling loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) at three different doses AU - Phillips, Brianne E. AU - Posner, Lysa P. AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. AU - Christiansen, Emily F. AU - Harms, Craig A. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - Abstract OBJECTIVE To compare physiologic and anesthetic effects of alfaxalone administered IV to yearling loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta ) at 3 different doses. DESIGN Randomized crossover study. ANIMALS 9 healthy yearling loggerhead sea turtles. PROCEDURES Animals received each of 3 doses of alfaxalone (3 mg/kg [1.4 mg/lb], 5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], or 10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb]) administered IV in randomly assigned order, with a minimum 7-day washout period between doses. Endotracheal intubation was attempted following anesthetic induction, and heart rate, sedation depth, cloacal temperature, and respirations were monitored. Times to first effect, induction, first voluntary muscle movement, first respiration, and recovery were recorded. Venous blood gas analysis was performed at 0 and 30 minutes. Assisted ventilation was performed if apnea persisted 30 minutes following induction. RESULTS Median anesthetic induction time for all 3 doses was 2 minutes. Endotracheal intubation was accomplished in all turtles following induction. Heart rate significantly increased after the 3- and 5-mg/kg doses were administered. Median intervals from alfaxalone administration to first spontaneous respiration were 16, 22, and 54 minutes for the 3-, 5-, and 10-mg/kg doses, respectively, and median intervals to recovery were 28, 46, and 90 minutes, respectively. Assisted ventilation was required for 1 turtle after receiving the 5-mg/kg dose and for 5 turtles after receiving the 10-mg/kg dose. The 10-mg/kg dose resulted in respiratory acidosis and marked hypoxemia at 30 minutes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IV alfaxalone administration to loggerhead sea turtles resulted in a rapid anesthetic induction and dose-dependent duration of sedation. Assisted ventilation is recommended if the 10 mg/kg dose is administered. DA - 2017/4/15/ PY - 2017/4/15/ DO - 10.2460/javma.250.8.909 VL - 250 IS - 8 SP - 909-917 SN - 1943-569X ER - TY - JOUR TI - An integrated tagging model to estimate mortality rates of Albemarle Sound - Roanoke River striped bass AU - Harris, Julianne E. AU - Hightower, Joseph E. T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES AB - We developed an integrated tagging model to estimate mortality rates and run sizes of Albemarle Sound – Roanoke River striped bass (Morone saxatilis), including (i) a multistate component for telemetered fish with a high reward external tag; (ii) tag return components for fish with a low reward external or PIT tag; and (iii) catch-at-age data. Total annual instantaneous mortality was 1.08 for resident (458–899 mm total length, TL) and 0.45 for anadromous (≥900 mm TL) individuals. Annual instantaneous natural mortality was higher for resident (0.70) than for anadromous (0.21) fish due to high summer mortality in Albemarle Sound. Natural mortality for residents was substantially higher than currently assumed for stock assessment. Monthly fishing mortality from multiple sectors (including catch-and-release) corresponded to seasonal periods of legal harvest. Run size estimates were 499 000–715 000. Results and simulation suggest increasing sample size for the multistate component increases accuracy and precision of annual estimates and low reward tags are valuable for estimating monthly fishing mortality rates among sectors. Our results suggest that integrated tagging models can produce seasonal and annual mortality estimates needed for stock assessment and management. DA - 2017/7// PY - 2017/7// DO - 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0141 VL - 74 IS - 7 SP - 1061-1076 SN - 1205-7533 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A two-column flash chromatography approach to pyoverdin production from Pseudomonas putida GB1 AU - Duckworth, Owen W. AU - Markarian, Dawn S. AU - Parker, Dorothy L. AU - Harrington, James M. T2 - JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS AB - Our knowledge of the biological and environmental reactivity of siderophores is limited by the difficulty and cost of obtaining reasonable quantities by purification or synthesis. In this note, we describe a modified procedure for the low-cost, mg-scale purification of pyoverdin-type siderophores using a dual-flash chromatography (reverse-phase absorption and size exclusion) approach. DA - 2017/4// PY - 2017/4// DO - 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.01.019 VL - 135 SP - 11-13 SN - 1872-8359 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85012261822&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Siderophores KW - Purification KW - Flash chromatography ER - TY - JOUR TI - Turbidity in Apalachicola Bay, Florida from Landsat 5 TM and Field Data: Seasonal Patterns and Response to Extreme Events AU - Joshi, Ishan D. AU - Eurico J. D'Sa, AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Bianchi, Thomas S. T2 - REMOTE SENSING AB - Synoptic monitoring of estuaries, some of the most bio-diverse and productive environments on Earth, is essential to study small-scale water dynamics and its role on spatiotemporal variation in water quality important to indigenous marine species and surrounding human settlements. We present a detailed study of turbidity, an optical index of water quality, in Apalachicola Bay, Florida (USA) using historical in situ measurements and Landsat 5 TM data archive acquired from 2004 to 2011. Data mining techniques such as time-series decomposition, principal component analysis, and classification tree-based models were utilized to decipher time-series for examining variations in physical forcings, and their effects on diurnal and seasonal variability in turbidity in Apalachicola Bay. Statistical analysis showed that the bay is highly dynamic in nature, both diurnally and seasonally, and its water quality (e.g., turbidity) is largely driven by interactions of different physical forcings such as river discharge, wind speed, tides, and precipitation. River discharge and wind speed are the most influential forcings on the eastern side of river mouth, whereas all physical forcings were relatively important to the western side close to the major inlet, the West Pass. A bootstrap-optimized and atmospheric-corrected single-band empirical relationship (Turbidity (NTU) = 6568.23 × (Reflectance (Band 3))1.95; R2 = 0.77 ± 0.06, range = 0.50–0.91, N = 50) is proposed with seasonal thresholds for its application in various seasons. The validation of this relationship yielded R2 = 0.70 ± 0.15 (range = −0.96–0.97; N = 38; RMSE = 7.78 ± 2.59 NTU; Bias (%) = −8.70 ± 11.48). Complex interactions of physical forcings and their effects on water dynamics have been discussed in detail using Landsat 5 TM-based turbidity maps during major events between 2004 and 2011. Promising results of the single-band turbidity algorithm with Landsat 8 OLI imagery suggest its potential for long-term monitoring of water turbidity in a shallow water estuary such as Apalachicola Bay. DA - 2017/4// PY - 2017/4// DO - 10.3390/rs9040367 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - SN - 2072-4292 KW - Apalachicola Bay KW - Landsat KW - turbidity KW - bootstrapping KW - classification tree KW - PCA KW - turbidity maps ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of hand-hygiene interventions on infectious disease-associated absenteeism in elementary schools: A systematic literature review AU - Wang, Zhangqi AU - Lapinski, Maria AU - Quilliam, Elizabeth AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Fraser, Angela T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL AB - Hand-hygiene interventions are widely used in schools but their effect on reducing absenteeism is not well known.The aim of our literature review was to determine whether implementation of a hand-hygiene intervention reduced infectious disease-associated absenteeism in elementary schools. The eligible studies (N = 19), published between 1996 and 2014, were summarized and the methodologic quality of each was assessed.Our review indicated evidence is available to show hand-hygiene interventions had an effect on reducing acute gastrointestinal illness-associated absenteeism but inadequate evidence is available to show an effect on respiratory illness-associated absenteeism.The methodologic quality assessment of eligible studies revealed common design flaws, such as lack of randomization, blinding, and attrition, which must be addressed in future studies to strengthen the evidence base on the effect of hand-hygiene interventions on school absenteeism. DA - 2017/6/1/ PY - 2017/6/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.01.018 VL - 45 IS - 6 SP - 682-689 SN - 1527-3296 KW - Acute gastroenteritis KW - Respiratory illness KW - Health education KW - Hand washing KW - Children ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tangible geospatial modeling for collaborative solutions to invasive species management AU - Tonini, Francesco AU - Shoemaker, Douglas AU - Petrasova, Anna AU - Harmon, Brendan AU - Petras, Vaclav AU - Cobb, Richard C. AU - Mitasova, Helena AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE AB - Managing landscape-scale environmental problems, such as biological invasions, can be facilitated by integrating realistic geospatial models with user-friendly interfaces that stakeholders can use to make critical management decisions. However, gaps between scientific theory and application have typically limited opportunities for model-based knowledge to reach the stakeholders responsible for problem-solving. To address this challenge, we introduce Tangible Landscape, an open-source participatory modeling tool providing an interactive, shared arena for consensus-building and development of collaborative solutions for landscape-scale problems. Using Tangible Landscape, stakeholders gather around a geographically realistic 3D visualization and explore management scenarios with instant feedback; users direct model simulations with intuitive tangible gestures and compare alternative strategies with an output dashboard. We applied Tangible Landscape to the complex problem of managing the emerging infectious disease, sudden oak death, in California and explored its potential to generate co-learning and collaborative management strategies among actors representing stakeholders with competing management aims. DA - 2017/6// PY - 2017/6// DO - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.02.020 VL - 92 SP - 176-188 SN - 1873-6726 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85014320386&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Stakeholder engagement KW - Participatory research KW - Geospatial modeling KW - Landscape epidemiology KW - Forest disease KW - Tangible user interface ER - TY - JOUR TI - Planktonic food web structure at a coastal time-series site: I. Partitioning of microbial abundances and carbon biomass AU - Caron, David A. AU - Connell, Paige E. AU - Schaffner, Rebecca A. AU - Schnetzer, Astrid AU - Fuhrman, Jed A. AU - Countway, Peter D. AU - Kim, Diane Y. T2 - DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS AB - Biogeochemistry in marine plankton communities is strongly influenced by the activities of microbial species. Understanding the composition and dynamics of these assemblages is essential for modeling emergent community-level processes, yet few studies have examined all of the biological assemblages present in the plankton, and benchmark data of this sort from time-series studies are rare. Abundance and biomass of the entire microbial assemblage and mesozooplankton (>200 µm) were determined vertically, monthly and seasonally over a 3-year period at a coastal time-series station in the San Pedro Basin off the southwestern coast of the USA. All compartments of the planktonic community were enumerated (viruses in the femtoplankton size range [0.02–0.2 µm], bacteria + archaea and cyanobacteria in the picoplankton size range [0.2–2.0 µm], phototrophic and heterotrophic protists in the nanoplanktonic [2–20 µm] and microplanktonic [20–200 µm] size ranges, and mesozooplankton [>200 µm]. Carbon biomass of each category was estimated using standard conversion factors. Plankton abundances varied over seven orders of magnitude across all categories, and total carbon biomass averaged approximately 60 µg C l −1 in surface waters of the 890 m water column over the study period. Bacteria + archaea comprised the single largest component of biomass (>1/3 of the total), with the sum of phototrophic protistan biomass making up a similar proportion. Temporal variability at this subtropical station was not dramatic. Monthly depth-specific and depth-integrated biomass varied 2-fold at the station, while seasonal variances were generally <50%. This study provides benchmark information for investigating long-term environmental forcing on the composition and dynamics of the microbes that dominate food web structure and function at this coastal observatory. • Total plankton (viruses to mesozooplankton) was measured of southern California.. • Overall, plankton abundances varied by seven orders of magnitude. • Bacterial biomass averaged was nearly 40% of total biomass but mesozooplankton contributed ≤4%. • Seasonal changes in biomass were modest (<50%), depth-integrated values varied 2-fold. DA - 2017/3// PY - 2017/3// DO - 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.12.013 VL - 121 SP - 14-29 SN - 1879-0119 KW - Microbial abundance KW - Microbial biomass KW - Viruses KW - Bacteria KW - Protists KW - Zooplankton KW - Time-series ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microbial Load of Fresh Produce and Paired Equipment Surfaces in Packing Facilities Near the US and Mexico Border AU - Newman, Kira L. AU - Bartz, Faith E. AU - Johnston, Lynette AU - Moe, Christine L. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Leon, Juan S. T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB - Several produce-associated outbreaks have been linked to the packing facility. Equipment surfaces may be an important source of contamination. The goal was to assess whether the microbial load of packing facility surfaces is associated with the microbial load of produce. From November 2000 to December 2003, 487 matched produce (14 types) and equipment surfaces (six production steps) were sampled from eight packing facilities in the United States near the border with Mexico and enumerated for aerobic plate counts (APC), Escherichia coli , Enterococcus, and coliforms. Bivariate correlations were assessed by Spearman's ρ, and adjusted associations were assessed by multilevel mixed linear regression models. In general, the microbial load both increased and decreased on produce (0.2 to 1.0 log CFU/g) and equipment surfaces (0.5 to 3.0 log CFU/cm2) across production steps. Equipment surface and produce microbial loads were correlated, but correlations varied from none to high depending on the equipment surface. For example, significant correlations (P < 0.01) included APC (ρ = 0.386) and Enterococcus (ρ = 0.562) with the harvest bin, E. coli (ρ = 0.372) and Enterococcus (ρ = 0.355) with the merry-go-round, Enterococcus (ρ = 0.679) with rinse cycle equipment, APC (ρ = 0.542) with the conveyer belt, and for all indicators with the packing box (ρ = 0.310 to 0.657). After controlling for crop type, sample replicate group, and sample location, there were significant positive associations between the log concentration of Enterococcus on produce and the harvest bin (β = 0.259, P < 0.01) and the rinse cycle (β = 0.010, P = 0.01), and between the log concentration of all indicators on produce and the packing box (β = 0.155 to 0.500, all P < 0.01). These statistically significant associations between microbial loads on packing facility surfaces and fresh produce confirm the importance of packing facility sanitation to protect produce quality and safety. DA - 2017/4// PY - 2017/4// DO - 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-365 VL - 80 IS - 4 SP - 582-589 SN - 1944-9097 KW - Equipment KW - Farm KW - Microbial indicator KW - Packing KW - Produce ER - TY - JOUR TI - Detection and prevalence of four different hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in Eastern North Carolina American black bears (Ursus americanus) AU - Westmoreland, Lori S. H. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. AU - Maggi, Ricardo G. T2 - COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES AB - Hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. are globally emerging, obligate parasitic, epierythrocytic bacteria that infect many vertebrates, including humans. Hemoplasma infection can cause acute life-threatening symptoms or lead to a chronic sub-clinical carrier state. Hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. transmission, prevalence, and host specificity are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular prevalence of Mycoplasma species in blood from 68 free-ranging black bears from the eastern coast of North Carolina. DNA amplification of Mycoplasma 16S rRNA gene identified four distinct species infecting 34/68 (50%) of the black bear blood samples, including Candidatus M. haematoparvum. The high prevalence of hemotropic Mycoplasma infection in this wildlife species highlights the importance of understanding intra and inter species transmission. Black bears may play a role in the transmission of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. between animals, arthropod vectors, and humans. Further studies are needed to elucidate black bears as a potential reservoir for hemotropic Mycoplasma infections. DA - 2017/2// PY - 2017/2// DO - 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.12.002 VL - 50 SP - 106-109 SN - 1878-1667 KW - Hemoplasma KW - Hemotropic Mycoplasma KW - American black bear KW - Ursus americanus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Blood gases, biochemistry and haematology of Galapagos hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) AU - Pablo Munoz-Perez, Juan AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. AU - Hirschfeld, Maximilian AU - Alarcon-Ruales, Daniela AU - Denkinger, Judith AU - Guillermo Castaneda, Jason AU - Garcia, Juan AU - Lohmann, Kenneth J. T2 - CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY AB - The hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata, is a marine chelonian with a circum-global distribution, but the species is critically endangered and has nearly vanished from the eastern Pacific. Although reference blood parameter intervals have been published for many chelonian species and populations, including nesting Atlantic hawksbills, no such baseline biochemical and blood gas values have been reported for wild Pacific hawksbill turtles. Blood samples were drawn from eight hawksbill turtles captured in near shore foraging locations within the Galápagos archipelago over a period of four sequential years; three of these turtles were recaptured and sampled on multiple occasions. Of the eight sea turtles sampled, five were immature and of unknown sex, and the other three were females. A portable blood analyzer was used to obtain near immediate field results for a suite of blood gas and chemistry parameters. Values affected by temperature were corrected in two ways: (i) with standard formulas and (ii) with auto-corrections made by the portable analyzer. A bench top blood chemistry analyzer was used to measure a series of biochemistry parameters from plasma. Standard laboratory haematology techniques were employed for red and white blood cell counts and to determine haematocrit manually, which was compared to the haematocrit values generated by the portable analyzer. The values reported in this study provide reference data that may be useful in comparisons among populations and in detecting changes in health status among Galápagos sea turtles. The findings might also be helpful in future efforts to demonstrate associations between specific biochemical parameters and disease or environmental disasters. DA - 2017/5/10/ PY - 2017/5/10/ DO - 10.1093/conphys/cox028 VL - 5 SP - SN - 2051-1434 KW - Biochemistry KW - blood gas KW - chelonians KW - Eretmochelys imbricata KW - Hawksbill turtle KW - health KW - haematology KW - reptiles ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) distribution, stocks, and fluxes in Apalachicola Bay using combined field, VIIRS ocean color, and model observations AU - Joshi, Ishan D. AU - Eurico J. D'Sa, AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Bianchi, Thomas S. AU - Ko, Dong S. AU - Oviedo-Vargas, Diana AU - Arellano, Ana R. AU - Ward, Nicholas D. T2 - REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT AB - Understanding the role of estuarine-carbon fluxes is essential to improve estimates of the global carbon budget. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in aquatic carbon cycling. The chromophoric fraction of DOM (CDOM) can be readily detected via in situ and remotely-sensed optical measurements. DOM properties, including CDOM absorption coefficient at 412 nm (ag412) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were examined in Apalachicola Bay, a national estuarine research reserve located in the northeast Gulf of Mexico, using in situ and satellite observations during the spring and fall of 2015. Synoptic and accurate representation of estuarine-scale processes using satellite ocean color imagery necessitates the removal of atmospheric contribution (~ 90%) to signals received by satellite sensors to successfully link to in situ observations. Three atmospheric correction schemes (e.g., Standard NIR correction, Iterative NIR correction, and SWIR correction) were tested first to find a suitable correction scheme for the VIIRS imagery in low to moderately turbid Apalachicola Bay. The iterative NIR correction performed well, and validation showed high correlation (R2 = 0.95, N = 25) against in situ light measurements. A VIIRS-based CDOM algorithm was developed (R2 = 0.87, N = 9) and validated (R2 = 0.76, N = 20, RMSE = 0.29 m− 1) against in situ observations. Subsequently, ag412 was used as a proxy of DOC in March (DOC = 1.08 + 0.94 × ag412, R2 = 0.88, N = 13) and in November (DOC = 1.61 + 1.33 × ag412, R2 = 0.83, N = 24) to derive DOC maps that provided synoptic views of DOC distribution, sources, and their transport to the coastal waters during the wet and dry seasons. The estimated DOC stocks were ~ 3.71 × 106 kg C in March and ~ 4.07 × 106 kg C in November over an area of ~ 560 km2. Volume flux (out of the bay) almost doubled for March 24 (735 m3 s− 1) relative to November 4 (378 m3 s− 1). However, estimates of DOC fluxes exported out of the bay from model-derived currents and satellite-derived DOC were only marginally greater in March (0.163 × 106 kg C d− 1) than in November (0.124 × 106 kg C d− 1) and reflected greater DOC stocks in the fall. The combination of satellite-, field-, and model-based observations revealed the strong linkage between the Apalachicola River plume, a major source of DOM, and the overall hydrodynamic forcing that controlled distributions of CDOM abundance, DOC concentration, stocks, and fluxes in the bay. DA - 2017/3/15/ PY - 2017/3/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2017.01.039 VL - 191 SP - 359-372 SN - 1879-0704 KW - Apalachicola Bay KW - Atmospheric-correction KW - Carbon stocks & fluxes KW - CDOM algorithm KW - DOC KW - VIIRS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Virucidal Activity of Fogged Chlorine Dioxide-and Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Disinfectants against Human Norovirus and Its Surrogate, Feline Calicivirus, on Hard-to-Reach Surfaces AU - Montazeri, Naim AU - Manuel, Clyde AU - Moorman, Eric AU - Khatiwada, Janak R. AU - Williams, Leonard L. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB - Human norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses in the United States. Norovirus is shed in high numbers in the feces and vomitous of infected individuals. Contact surfaces contaminated with bodily fluids harboring infectious virus particles serve as vehicles for pathogen transmission. Environmental stability of NoV and its resistance to many conventional disinfectants necessitate effective inactivation strategies to control the spread of virus. We investigated the efficacy of two commercial disinfectants, hydrogen peroxide (7.5%) and a chlorine dioxide (0.2%)-surfactant-based product using a fogging delivery system against human NoV GI.6 and GII.4 Sydney strains as well as the cultivable surrogate, feline calicivirus (FCV) dried on stainless steel coupons. Log10 reductions in human NoV and FCV were calculated utilizing RNase RT-qPCR and infectivity (plaque) assay, respectively. An improved antiviral activity of hydrogen peroxide as a function of disinfectant formulation concentration in the atmosphere was observed against both GII.4 and FCV. At 12.4 ml/m3, hydrogen peroxide achieved a respective 2.5±0.1 and 2.7±0.3 log10 reduction in GI.6 and GII.4 NoV genome copies, and a 4.3±0.1 log10 reduction in infectious FCV within 5 min. At the same disinfectant formulation concentration, chlorine dioxide-surfactant-based product resulted in a respective 1.7±0.2, 0.6±0.0 and 2.4±0.2 log10 reduction in GI.6, GII.4 and FCV within 10 min; however, increasing the disinfectant formulation concentration to 15.9 ml/m3 negatively impacted its efficacy. Fogging uniformly delivered the disinfectants throughout the room, and effectively decontaminated viruses on hard-to-reach surfaces. Hydrogen peroxide delivered by fog showed promising virucidal activity against FCV by meeting the U.S. EPA 4-log10 reduction criteria for an anti-noroviral disinfectant; however, fogged chlorine dioxide-surfactant-based product did not achieve a 4-log10 inactivation. Future investigation aimed at optimizing decontamination practices is warranted. DA - 2017/6/8/ PY - 2017/6/8/ DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01031 VL - 8 SP - SN - 1664-302X KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - chlorine dioxide KW - fogged disinfectant KW - norovirus inactivation KW - surface disinfection KW - public health ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Egiin Davaa prehistoric rupture, central Mongolia: a large magnitude normal faulting earthquake on a reactivated fault with little cumulative slip located in a slowly deforming intraplate setting AU - Walker, R. T. AU - Wegmann, K. W. AU - Bayasgalan, A. AU - Carson, R. J. AU - Elliott, J. AU - Fox, M. AU - Nissen, E. AU - Sloan, R. A. AU - Williams, J. M. AU - Wright, E. T2 - SEISMICITY, FAULT RUPTURE AND EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS IN SLOWLY DEFORMING REGIONS AB - The prehistoric Egiin Davaa earthquake rupture is well-preserved in late Quaternary deposits within the Hangay Mountains of central Mongolia. The rupture is expressed by a semicontinuous 80 km-long topographic scarp. Geomorphological reconstructions reveal a relatively constant scarp height of 4-4.5 m and a NW-directed slip vector. Previous researchers have suggested that the scarp's exceptional geomorphological preservation indicates that it may correspond to an earthquake that occurred in the region c. 500 years ago. However, we constrain the last rupture to have been at least 4 ka ago from morphological dating and < 7.4 ka ago based on radiocarbon dating from one of two palaeoseismic trenches. Our study shows that discrete earthquake ruptures, along with details such as the locations of partially infilled fissures, can be preserved for periods well in excess of 1000 years in the interior of Asia, providing an archive of fault movements that can be directly read from the Earth's surface over a timescale appropriate for the study of slowly deforming continental interiors. The Egiin Davaa rupture involved c. 8 m of slip which, along with the observations that it is largely unsegmented along its length and that the ratio of cumulative slip (c. 250 m) to fault length (c. 80 km) is small, suggests relatively recent reactivation of a pre-existing geological structure. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1144/sp432.4 VL - 432 IS - 1 SP - 187-212 SN - 0305-8719 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp432.4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - OYSTER DENSITY AND DEMOGRAPHIC RATES ON NATURAL INTERTIDAL REEFS AND HARDENED SHORELINE STRUCTURES AU - Theuerkauf, Seth J. AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Theuerkauf, Kathrynlynn W. AU - Puckett, Brandon J. T2 - JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH AB - The ubiquitous loss of natural intertidal oyster reefs and associated ecosystem services has fueled restoration efforts throughout the world. Effective restoration requires an understanding of the distribution, density, and demographic rates (growth and survival) of oysters inhabiting existing natural reefs and how these may vary as a function of landscape-scale factors, such as tidal range and fetch distances. Furthermore, natural intertidal habitats are increasingly being replaced with hardened shoreline structures that may be colonized by oysters, yet little is known about habitat quality (as indexed by oyster density and demographic rates) of these hardened structures relative to natural habitats. The present study sought to compare oyster density, demographic rates, and population estimates (1) across estuarine landscape settings to inform natural intertidal oyster reef restoration (i.e., comparing natural intertidal reefs within adjacent water bodies that vary in tidal regimes and fetch distances) and (2) across natural habitats and human-made structures to assess variation in habitat quality between natural reefs and hardened shorelines. Oyster density, growth rates, and population estimates on natural intertidal reefs were greatest within the smaller, more tidally influenced Core Sound versus the larger, wind-driven Pamlico Sound, with no significant difference in survivorship identified between the two water bodies. Natural intertidal reefs and hardened shoreline structures were compared within Pamlico Sound only, with natural intertidal reefs hosting three to eight times higher oyster densities than hardened shoreline structures. When mean oyster density/m2 was multiplied by reef area to estimate population size, natural intertidal reefs within Pamlico Sound hosted considerably greater populations of oysters relative to hardened shorelines. The present study fills an existing need to understand oyster density and demographic rates on natural intertidal reefs and hardened shorelines to better inform future restoration and shoreline management scenarios. DA - 2017/4// PY - 2017/4// DO - 10.2983/035.036.0111 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 87-100 SN - 1943-6319 KW - restoration KW - eastern oyster KW - demographic rates KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - bulkheads KW - riprap revetments KW - habitat quality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Contamination of Fresh Produce by Microbial Indicators on Farms and in Packing Facilities: Elucidation of Environmental Routes AU - Bartz, Faith E. AU - Lickness, Jacquelyn Sunshine AU - Heredia, Norma AU - Aceituno, Anna Fabiszewski AU - Newman, Kira L. AU - Hodge, Domonique Watson AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Garcia, Santos AU - Leon, Juan S. T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - To improve food safety on farms, it is critical to quantify the impact of environmental microbial contamination sources on fresh produce. However, studies are hampered by difficulties achieving study designs with powered sample sizes to elucidate relationships between environmental and produce contamination. Our goal was to quantify, in the agricultural production environment, the relationship between microbial contamination on hands, soil, and water and contamination on fresh produce. In 11 farms and packing facilities in northern Mexico, we applied a matched study design: composite samples (n = 636, equivalent to 11,046 units) of produce rinses were matched to water, soil, and worker hand rinses during two growing seasons. Microbial indicators (coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and somatic coliphage) were quantified from composite samples. Statistical measures of association and correlations were calculated through Spearman's correlation, linear regression, and logistic regression models. The concentrations of all microbial indicators were positively correlated between produce and hands (ρ range, 0.41 to 0.75; P < 0.01). When E. coli was present on hands, the handled produce was nine times more likely to contain E. coli (P < 0.05). Similarly, when coliphage was present on hands, the handled produce was eight times more likely to contain coliphage (P < 0.05). There were relatively low concentrations of indicators in soil and water samples, and a few sporadic significant associations were observed between contamination of soil and water and contamination of produce. This methodology provides a foundation for future field studies, and results highlight the need for interventions surrounding farmworker hygiene and sanitation to reduce microbial contamination of farmworkers' hands.IMPORTANCE This study of the relationships between microbes on produce and in the farm environment can be used to support the design of targeted interventions to prevent or reduce microbial contamination of fresh produce with associated reductions in foodborne illness. DA - 2017/6// PY - 2017/6// DO - 10.1128/aem.02984-16 VL - 83 IS - 11 SP - SN - 1098-5336 KW - environmental microbiology KW - food-borne pathogens KW - produce ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing Biomineral Formation by Iron-oxidizing Bacteria in a Circumneutral Creek AU - Almaraz, Nohemi AU - Whitaker, Andrew H. AU - Andrews, Megan Y. AU - Duckworth, Owen W. T2 - JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY WATER RESEARCH & EDUCATION AB - Abstract Iron oxidizing bacteria and environmental conditions influence the formation of iron biominerals in aquatic environments. This 10‐week Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) study focused on elucidating how water chemistry and iron oxidizing bacteria affect the formation of iron oxides in creeks with circumneutral pH. Two locations, each with multiple microenvironments containing abundant iron oxide deposits, were studied. Water chemistry was assessed via both in situ and laboratory analysis over a 5‐week period, revealing correlations between aqueous components that indicate differing groundwater sources may feed nearby discharge points. Microscopy of iron oxide deposits reveals morphologies consistent with the presence of iron oxidizing bacteria. Although efforts to isolate iron oxidizing bacteria did not produce pure cultures, 16S ribosomal DNA analysis also suggests the presence of iron oxidizing bacteria in these sites. Taken together, these results show the diversity of iron oxide forming microenvironments in spatially collocated sites, which may result in unique formations of iron oxide structures, microbial communities, and aqueous chemical cycling. DA - 2017/4// PY - 2017/4// DO - 10.1111/j.1936-704x.2017.03240.x VL - 160 IS - 1 SP - 60-71 SN - 1936-704X KW - iron (hydr)oxides KW - water chemistry KW - neutrophilic KW - gradient tubes KW - iron oxidation KW - groundwater ER - TY - JOUR TI - Winter severity influences spotted seatrout mortality in a southeast US estuarine system AU - Ellis, Timothy A. AU - Buckel, Jeffrey A. AU - Hightower, Joseph E. T2 - MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 564:145-161 (2017) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11985 Winter severity influences spotted seatrout mortality in a southeast US estuarine system Timothy A. Ellis1,*, Jeffrey A. Buckel1, Joseph E. Hightower2 1Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA 2Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA *Corresponding author: taellis@ncsu.edu ABSTRACT: Winterkill in spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus is associated with extreme cold conditions throughout much of the species’ geographic range. However, rigorous study is needed to confirm longstanding but largely untested assumptions that acute cold stress drives overwinter loss. We provide the first direct field-based estimates of spotted seatrout survival relative to the severity of cold temperatures. Spotted seatrout overwintering in North Carolina, USA, estuaries were tagged with ultrasonic transmitters and monitored during 3 consecutive and variable winters from 2009 to 2012. Fates of telemetered fish were inferred from daily movements and used in a multistate capture-recapture model to estimate instantaneous rates of natural mortality (M), fishing mortality, and emigration. Natural death was inferred for 7 fish in 2009/2010 (n = 34 telemetered spotted seatrout at risk), 6 fish in 2010/2011 (n = 9 fish at risk), and 1 fish in 2011/2012 (n = 65 fish at risk), and when estimable, weekly M ranged from 0.001 to 0.187. Daily estimates of natural mortality increased quickly with declining water temperatures (T), M = 1/[1 + e-(-0.714-0.756T)], and indicated that cold-stun deaths occurred when water temperatures were below ~7°C. Our results provide direct evidence that winterkill in spotted seatrout at its northern limits of distribution is related to the severity of low water temperatures and demonstrate that the simultaneous monitoring of telemetry-tagged animals and abiotic conditions is an effective approach to determine lethal environmental limits. KEY WORDS: Cynoscion nebulosus · Telemetry · Multistate · Capture-recapture · Survival · Winterkill · Cold tolerance · Temperature-dependent mortality · Mortality rate Full text in pdf format Supplementary material PreviousNextCite this article as: Ellis TA, Buckel JA, Hightower JE (2017) Winter severity influences spotted seatrout mortality in a southeast US estuarine system. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 564:145-161. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11985Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 564. Online publication date: February 03, 2017 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2017 Inter-Research. DA - 2017/2/3/ PY - 2017/2/3/ DO - 10.3354/meps11985 VL - 564 SP - 145-161 SN - 1616-1599 KW - Cynoscion nebulosus KW - Telemetry KW - Multistate KW - Capture-recapture KW - Survival KW - Winterkill KW - Cold tolerance KW - Temperature-dependent mortality KW - Mortality rate ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of passive acoustic monitoring to characterize fish spawning behavior and habitat use within a complex mosaic of estuarine habitats AU - Ricci, Shannon W. AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. T2 - BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE AB - Structurally complex estuarine habitats, such as seagrass beds, salt marshes, and oyster reefs, are used by fish for foraging, avoiding predators, and spawning. Here, we used passive acoustics to characterize spatiotemporal patterns in the soundscape of an estuarine reserve that contained a mosaic of habitat types, and focused on relating characteristics of the soundscape [e.g., low-frequency (150–1500 Hz) sound pressure levels (SPLs), amount of fish chorusing] to patterns in the seascape (percent cover of estuarine habitats surrounding the recording sites). Over a 3-mo period, 2-min duration underwater sound recordings were made every 20 min at eight sites within Middle Marsh in Back Sound, North Carolina, USA. While habitat composition was not related to spatial patterns in low-frequency SPLs, there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between the percent recordings with fish chorusing, and percent cover of seagrass for silver perch [Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacepede, 1802)], spotted seatrout [Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830)], and other fish, irrespective of spatial scale (10 vs 25 m). Moreover, silver perch and spotted seatrout, soniferous species that share similar spawning locations, exhibited temporal partitioning in the soundscape with seatrout calls occurring just before sunset and peaking several hours after sunset, and declining sharply as perch chorusing increased after sunset with a peak at midnight. Overall, local habitat composition and the soundscape at these sites were not highly correlated; where major sound producing fish species are transient, other seascape characteristics, such as proximity to channels, likely have a larger influence on the resulting soundscape. DA - 2017/4// PY - 2017/4// DO - 10.5343/bms.2016.1037 VL - 93 IS - 2 SP - 439-453 SN - 1553-6955 ER - TY - JOUR TI - PROPOFOL AS AN IMMERSION ANESTHETIC AND IN A MINIMUM ANESTHETIC CONCENTRATION (MAC) REDUCTION MODEL IN GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS AURATUS) AU - Balko, Julie A. AU - Wilson, Sarah K. AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. AU - Gaines, Brian R. AU - Posner, Lysa P. T2 - JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE AB - Propofol is a novel immersion anesthetic in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Objectives were to characterize propofol as an anesthetic and assess its suitability in a minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) reduction model. Using a crossover design, eight goldfish were submerged in 1, 5, or 10 mg/L propofol. Data included induction time, recovery time, heart rate, opercular rate, and response to supramaximal stimulation. Baseline MAC (Dixon's up-and-down method) was determined, and 15 fish were anesthetized with propofol on 4 consecutive days with MAC determination on the fifth day, weekly, for 1 mo. Using a crossover design, MAC of propofol (n = 15) was determined 1 hr following administration of i.m. butorphanol 0.05, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg, dexmedetomidine 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 mg/kg, ketoprofen 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, morphine 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, or saline 1 ml/kg. Comparisons were performed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (P < 0.05) and Tango's score confidence interval. Propofol at 1 mg/L did not produce anesthesia. Induction time with 10 mg/L (112, 84–166 s) was faster than 5 mg/L (233, 150–289 s; P = 0.0078). Heart and opercular rates for 5 and 10 mg/L were 36 (24–72) beats/min, 58 (44–68) operculations/min and 39 (20–48) beats/min, 57 (48–80) operculations/min, respectively. Recovery time was 249 (143–396) s and 299 (117–886) s with 5 and 10 mg/L, respectively. Response to supramaximal stimulation was not significantly different with 5 mg/L (1/8) compared with 10 mg/L (0/8). Baseline and weekly MAC following daily exposure was 8.4 and 9.0, 8.1, 8.1, and 8.7 mg/L, respectively. MAC reduction was no more than 8% following any drug or dosage. Propofol at 5 and 10 mg/L produced anesthesia, and anesthetic needs were similar following repeated exposure. Propofol was not suitable to test MAC reduction in goldfish in this study. DA - 2017/3// PY - 2017/3// DO - 10.1638/2016-0079.1 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 48-54 SN - 1937-2825 KW - Analgesia KW - Anesthesia KW - Carassius auratus KW - Goldfish KW - Propofol ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ocean currents and competitive strength interact to cluster benthic species range boundaries in the coastal ocean AU - Pringle, James M. AU - Byers, James E. AU - He, Ruoying AU - Pappalardo, Paula AU - Wares, John T2 - MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 567:29-40 (2017) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12065 Ocean currents and competitive strength interact to cluster benthic species range boundaries in the coastal ocean James M. Pringle1,*, James E. Byers2, Ruoying He3, Paula Pappalardo2, John Wares4 1Ocean Process Analysis Group, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA 2Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA 3Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA 4Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA *Corresponding author: jpringle@unh.edu ABSTRACT: Dispersal of many coastal marine species is mediated by flows with strong directionality; bathymetric and topographic effects lead to strong alongshore variability in this transport. Using a simple model of the population dynamics of competing benthic species in a coastal ocean, we found that alongshore variability in dispersal can lead to clustering of species range boundaries for species whose dispersal is dominated by coastal currents. Furthermore, species can be absent from areas where they would have a relative competitive advantage because the presence or absence of a species is determined not only by local conditions but also by propagule supply, which is often affected by larval transport from far upstream. Our model demonstrates the quantitative linkages between alongshore variation in coastal currents, spatial gradients in competitive strength, and the geographic extent of a species. We show that the predictions of the model are consistent with observed species distributions in the Gulf of Maine and Mid-Atlantic Bight, USA. A mechanism for extensive coexistence of competing species where range boundaries cluster is described. The implication of the clustering highlighted by our model suggests that for species whose dispersal is dominated by long-distance planktonic periods, climate change induced changes in the relative competitiveness of species will lead to abrupt changes in species range boundaries and not gradual range extension. KEY WORDS: Range limits · Drift paradox · Biogeography · Dispersal · Advection · Larvae Full text in pdf format Supplement 1Supplement 2 PreviousNextCite this article as: Pringle JM, Byers JE, He R, Pappalardo P, Wares J (2017) Ocean currents and competitive strength interact to cluster benthic species range boundaries in the coastal ocean. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 567:29-40. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12065 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 567. Online publication date: March 13, 2017 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2017 Inter-Research. DA - 2017/3/13/ PY - 2017/3/13/ DO - 10.3354/meps12065 VL - 567 SP - 29-40 SN - 1616-1599 KW - Range limits KW - Drift paradox KW - Biogeography KW - Dispersal KW - Advection KW - Larvae ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marine Hydrokinetic Energy from Western Boundary Currents AU - Bane, John M. AU - He, Ruoying AU - Muglia, Michael AU - Lowcher, Caroline F. AU - Gong, Yanlin AU - Haines, Sara M. T2 - ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 9 AB - The kinetic energy in ocean currents, or marine hydrokinetic (MHK) energy, is a renewable energy resource that can help meet global energy requirements. An ocean circulation model–based census shows that subtropical surface western boundary currents (WBCs) are the only nearshore, large-scale currents swift enough to drive large electricity-generating ocean turbines envisioned for future use. We review several WBCs in the context of kinetic energy extraction. The power density in the Gulf Stream off North Carolina at times reaches several thousand watts per square meter at 75 m below the surface, and the annual average power is approximately 500–1,000 W m −2 . Significant fluctuations occur with periods of 3–20 days (Gulf Stream meanders) and weeks to months (Gulf Stream path shifts). Interannual variations in annual average power occur because of year-to-year changes in these WBC motions. No large-scale turbines presently exist, and the road to establishing MHK facilities in WBCs will encounter challenges that are similar in many aspects to those associated with the development of offshore wind power. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060423 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 105-123 SN - 1941-1405 KW - alternative energy KW - Gulf Stream KW - power density KW - Cape Hatteras KW - ocean turbine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of mesoscale eddies on Kuroshio intrusion variability northeast of Taiwan AU - Yin, Yuqi AU - Lin, Xiaopei AU - He, Ruoying AU - Hou, Yijun T2 - JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS AB - Abstract Abundant mesoscale eddies propagate to the east of Taiwan and affect the Kuroshio Current and its onshore intrusion northeast of Taiwan. But the dynamical process of how eddy activities modulate the Kuroshio intrusion is still unclear. In this study, in situ ocean velocity observations, drifter trajectories, tide gauge measurements, satellite sea surface height data, and assimilative Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) reanalysis outputs were used to analyze a cyclonic eddy‐induced large Kuroshio onshore intrusion during late autumn 2008. Along with nine anticyclonic eddy events and seven cyclonic eddy events extracted from long‐term HYCOM reanalysis outputs, the variability of the eddy‐induced intrusion was quantified. The impacts of the cyclonic eddy and the anticyclonic eddy were opposite. Under the impact of cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddy, the total onshore intrusion between 122°E and 124°E across the 200 m isobaths was decreased (increased) by 15.7% (7.3%), while the onshore intrusion west of 122.6°E and the northeastward current on the outer shelf were increased (decreased) by 30.6% (4.7%) and 31% (10.1%), respectively. The arrival of cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddy brought positive (negative) potential vorticity (PV) flux and modulated the local ocean vertical stratification, which weakened (enhanced) the cross‐slope PV gradient and the shelf slope constraint on the upper layer current and, therefore, favored (inhibited) the Kuroshio onshore intrusion. DA - 2017/4// PY - 2017/4// DO - 10.1002/2016jc012263 VL - 122 IS - 4 SP - 3021-3040 SN - 2169-9291 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012263 KW - eddy KW - Kuroshio KW - intrusion ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating Fish Mortality Rates Using Telemetry and Multistate Models AU - Hightower, Joseph E. AU - Harris, Julianne E. T2 - FISHERIES AB - We simulated and evaluated multistate capture–recapture models to estimate mortality rates using telemetry data. Four field designs were considered: (A) fixed receivers to estimate total instantaneous mortality ( Z ), (B) manual searches to estimate instantaneous fishing ( F ) and natural ( M ) mortality, (C) fixed receivers combined with external high‐reward tags to estimate F and M , and (D) manual searches combined with external high‐reward tags to estimate M and fishing mortality rates associated with harvest ( F h ) and catch‐and‐release death ( F cr ) as well as the probability of death due to catch and release (α). Estimates generally appeared to be unbiased for a simulated study with five periods and releases of telemetered fish at the start of periods 1–4. Compared to estimating Z , larger sample sizes are needed to achieve reliable estimates of component rates ( F and M ). Estimates of component rates were more precise when that source of mortality was directly observed ( M in design B, F in design C). The field design using fixed receivers and high‐reward tags should be especially useful in practice, because manual searches are not required to estimate F and M . Multistate models are useful for clarifying the connection between field observations and ecological processes. Reliable estimates of mortality rates, coupled with information on behavior, habitat use, and movement, make telemetry a highly valuable tool for improving fisheries management and stock assessment. DA - 2017/4// PY - 2017/4// DO - 10.1080/03632415.2017.1276347 VL - 42 IS - 4 SP - 210-219 SN - 1548-8446 ER - TY - JOUR TI - River profile response to normal fault growth and linkage: an example from the Hellenic forearc of south-central Crete, Greece AU - Gallen, Sean F. AU - Wegmann, Karl W. T2 - EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS AB - Abstract. Topography is a reflection of the tectonic and geodynamic processes that act to uplift the Earth's surface and the erosional processes that work to return it to base level. Numerous studies have shown that topography is a sensitive recorder of tectonic signals. A quasi-physical understanding of the relationship between river incision and rock uplift has made the analysis of fluvial topography a popular technique for deciphering relative, and some argue absolute, histories of rock uplift. Here we present results from a study of the fluvial topography from south-central Crete, demonstrating that river longitudinal profiles indeed record the relative history of uplift, but several other processes make it difficult to recover quantitative uplift histories. Prior research demonstrates that the south-central coastline of Crete is bound by a large ( ∼ 100 km long) E–W striking composite normal fault system. Marine terraces reveal that it is uplifting between 0.1 and 1.0 mm yr−1. These studies suggest that two normal fault systems, the offshore Ptolemy and onshore South-Central Crete faults, linked together in the recent geologic past (ca. 0.4–1 My BP). Fault mechanics predict that when adjacent faults link into a single fault the uplift rate in footwalls of the linkage zone will increase rapidly. We use this natural experiment to assess the response of river profiles to a temporal jump in uplift rate and to assess the applicability of the stream power incision model to this setting. Using river profile analysis we show that rivers in south-central Crete record the relative uplift history of fault growth and linkage as theory predicts that they should. Calibration of the commonly used stream power incision model shows that the slope exponent, n, is ∼ 0.5, contrary to most studies that find n ≥ 1. Analysis of fluvial knickpoints shows that migration distances are not proportional to upstream contributing drainage area, as predicted by the stream power incision model. Maps of the transformed stream distance variable, χ, indicate that drainage basin instability, drainage divide migration, and river capture events complicate river profile analysis in south-central Crete. Waterfalls are observed in southern Crete and appear to operate under less efficient and different incision mechanics than assumed by the stream power incision model. Drainage area exchange and waterfall formation are argued to obscure linkages between empirically derived metrics and quasi-physical descriptions of river incision, making it difficult to quantitatively interpret rock uplift histories from river profiles in this setting. Karst hydrology, break down of assumed drainage area discharge scaling, and chemical weathering might also contribute to the failure of the stream power incision model to adequately predict the behavior of the fluvial system in south-central Crete. DA - 2017/2/28/ PY - 2017/2/28/ DO - 10.5194/esurf-5-161-2017 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 161-186 SN - 2196-632X UR - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-161-2017 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metabolomic analysis of the mechanism of action of yerba mate aqueous extract on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium AU - Rempe, Caroline S. AU - Lenaghan, Scott C. AU - Burris, Kellie P. AU - Stewart, C. Neal, Jr. T2 - METABOLOMICS DA - 2017/2// PY - 2017/2// DO - 10.1007/s11306-016-1159-6 VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - SN - 1573-3890 KW - Yerba mate KW - Antibacterial KW - Natural product KW - Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium KW - Metabolomics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marine snow formation by the toxin-producing diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia australis AU - Schnetzer, Astrid AU - Lampe, Robert H. AU - Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. AU - Marchetti, Adrian AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Tatters, Avery O. T2 - HARMFUL ALGAE AB - The formation of marine snow (MS) by the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitschia australis was simulated using a roller table experiment. Concentrations of particulate and dissolved domoic acid (pDA and dDA) differed significantly among exponential phase and MS formation under simulated near surface conditions (16 °C/12:12-dark:light cycle) and also differed compared to subsequent particle decomposition at 4 °C in the dark, mimicking conditions in deeper waters. Particulate DA was first detected at the onset of exponential growth, reached maximum levels associated with MS aggregates (1.21 ± 0.24 ng mL−1) and declined at an average loss rate of ∼1.2% pDA day−1 during particle decomposition. Dissolved DA concentrations increased throughout the experiment and reached a maximum of ∼20 ng mL−1 at final sampling on day 88. The succession by P. australis from active growth to aggregation resulted in increasing MS toxicity and based on DA loading of particles and known in situ sinking speeds, a significant amount of toxin could have easily reached the deeper ocean or seafloor. MS formation was further associated with significant dDA accumulation at a ratio of pDA: dDA: cumulative dDA of approximately 1:10:100. Overall, this study confirms that MS functions as a major vector for toxin flux to depth, that Pseudo-nitzschia-derived aggregates should be considered ‘toxic snow’ for MS-associated organisms, and that effects of MS toxicity on interactions with aggregate-associated microbes and zooplankton consumers warrant further consideration. DA - 2017/1// PY - 2017/1// DO - 10.1016/j.hal.2016.11.008 VL - 61 SP - 23-30 SN - 1878-1470 KW - Marine snow KW - Domoic acid KW - Pseudo-nitzschia KW - Toxin flux KW - Food web ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of a Surface Sampling Method for Recovery of Human Noroviruses Prior to Detection Using Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR AU - Tung-Thompson, Grace AU - Escudero-Abarca, Blanca I. AU - Outlaw, Janie AU - Ganee, Arnaud AU - Cassard, Sylvanie AU - Mabilat, Claude AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB - Human noroviruses are the most common cause of acute viral gastroenteritis, and the environmental persistence of these viruses contributes to their transmissibility. Environmental sampling is thus an important tool for investigating norovirus outbreaks and for assessing the effectiveness of cleaning and decontamination regimens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a sampling material (wipes) for their efficacy at recovering human norovirus from hard surfaces and foods. Dilutions of a human norovirus GII.4 stool specimen derived from an outbreak were applied to hard surfaces (stainless steel and ceramic) and the surfaces of representative foods (green pepper, apple, tomato, and cheese). The viruses were recovered at various times postinoculation using the wipes, followed by RNA extraction and reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Recovery efficiency ranged from 74% to almost 100% for all artificially inoculated hard surfaces and for most fresh produce surfaces. Less efficient recovery was observed for cheese. Viral RNA could be recovered from select surfaces for up to 7 days postinoculation, with a <1 log reduction in genome copy number. In field tests, 24 (11%) of 210 environmental samples collected during winter 2012 from restrooms in North Carolina were presumptively positive for human norovirus, and six of these samples were confirmed as GII.4 by sequencing. These wipes may be a valuable tool for investigations of norovirus outbreaks and studies of norovirus prevalence. DA - 2017/2// PY - 2017/2// DO - 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-276 VL - 80 IS - 2 SP - 231-236 SN - 1944-9097 KW - Norovirus KW - Sampling KW - Surfaces KW - Wipes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmental stressors and lipid production in Dunaliella spp. II. Nutrients, pH, and light under optimal or low salinity AU - Byrd, Stephanie Mixson AU - Burkholder, JoAnn M. T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY AB - Fourteen strains within four species of the halophytic microalgal genus, Dunaliella, were rapidly screened for cellular lipid content during senescence using an adapted Nile Red technique. Four promising strains that exhibited both rapid population growth and high lipid content, including three strains of Dunaliella tertiolecta and one strain of D. viridis, were selected to attempt to enhance lipid production as total fatty acids (FAs) in bench-scale cultures (0.5–3.5 L) under environmental stressors including nutrient limitation or deprivation of inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, N) and/or phosphorus (P), pH stress (control—early senescent cultures, versus pH 10 or pH 7), a 12-h: 12-h light:dark (L:D) photoperiod versus continuous light, and enrichment versus no enrichment with carbon dioxide (± 4-h pulse daily of bubbling with CO2). These strains were also tested in mass culture (~ 150–175 L) to assess feasibility of scale-up. All but one strain had minimal lipid production during active growth, and increased lipid production under senescence. The unique strain Dunaliella viridis UTEX ZZ1150 produced high amounts of total FAs during active growth as well as senescence, whether in a 12:12 L:D photoperiod or under continuous light. High pH × low salinity, low pH (7), and continuous light + pulsed CO2 yielded the maximum total FA content of 56%, 43%, and 42% (dry weight basis), respectively, in comparison to controls (~ 10–25% total FAs). Under continuous light ± pulsed CO2, cells likely incorporated the excess carbon as FAs and other products. Low N and/or P under a 12:12 L:D photoperiod or continuous light, and a 12:12 L:D with pulsed CO2, did not significantly enhance total FA production in these strains. High intraspecific and interspecific variation in growth and lipid production were found in Dunaliella in response to each environmental stressor, suggesting fundamental metabolic differences. DA - 2017/2// PY - 2017/2// DO - 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.11.006 VL - 487 SP - 33-44 SN - 1879-1697 KW - Dunaliella KW - CO2 KW - Continuous light KW - Lipids KW - Nitrogen KW - pH KW - Phosphorus KW - Photoperiod ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmental stressors and lipid production by Dunaliella spp. I. Salinity AU - Byrd, Stephanie Mixson AU - Burkholder, JoAnn M. AU - Zimba, Paul V. T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY AB - Fourteen strains within four species of the marine chlorophyte genus, Dunaliella were assessed for their potential utility in sustainable biofuel production by tracking lipid production under salinity stress. A modified technique with Nile Red stain was used to screen cultures rapidly for the presence of neutral lipid content. Promising strains with visually high lipid content and high growth as cell production were selected to enhance lipid production using high salinity (hyperosmotic) stress in short-term (s to h) and long-term (≥ 24 h) bench-scale experiments (culture volume 0.1 to 3.5 L). These strains were also grown at mass culture scale (culture volume ~ 150 to 175 L). The difference in experimental scale was imposed because of the container effects shown for various algae, and in recognition of the importance of scale-up feasibility in harnessing algae for biofuel production. Saponifiable lipids were converted to fatty acid methyl esters, here referred to as total fatty acids (FAs), by direct transesterification. High salinity stress generally resulted in maximal total fatty acid (FA) content (up to 65% by dry weight) in comparison to controls (~ 10–25% total FAs by dry weight). Glycerol production, a known mechanism of osmoregulation in Dunaliella, was measured in a short-term salinity stress experiment on a promising strain and found to increase significantly 30 min to 24 h after exposure to high salinity. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to evaluate the relative expression of glyceryl-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), one of the primary glycerol biosynthesis genes for glycerol production, during a short-term experiment with high salinity stress. GPDH was significantly expressed (≥ 2-fold when compared to the endogenous gene ACTIN) 30 min after exposure and continued to be expressed for 2 h. In general, when cellular glycerol content was low, total FAs increased as an immediate or short-term response (30 s to 30 min) to hyperosmotic stress. Responses were strain-specific and indicated both inter- and intraspecific variation. Overall, a simple high salinity adjustment significantly increased lipid production in selected strains of Dunaliella spp. The data suggest that these Dunaliella strains may incorporate a portion of the available glycerol as triacylglycerols (TAGs) or neutral lipids under short-term high salinity stress. DA - 2017/2// PY - 2017/2// DO - 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.11.004 VL - 487 SP - 18-32 SN - 1879-1697 KW - Dunaliella KW - Glycerol KW - GPDH KW - Lipids KW - Salinity KW - Total fatty acids ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy of a disinfectant containing silver dihydrogen citrate against GI.6 and GII.4 human norovirus AU - Manuel, C. S. AU - Moore, M. D. AU - Jaykus, L. -A. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AB - Human norovirus is a major public health burden and is resistant to numerous sanitizers and disinfectants. In this study, we tested the efficacy of an antimicrobial product containing a blend of silver ions and citric acid (silver dihydrogen citrate; SDC) against GI.6 and GII.4 HuNoV.Pure® hard surface disinfectant (Pure Bioscience, El Cajon, CA) was evaluated using ASTM International virucidal suspension and stainless steel carrier assays. The effect of SDC (or citrate alone) exposure on viral integrity was evaluated using RT-qPCR, transmission electron microscopy, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/Western blot analysis and a receptor-binding assay. Suspension assays showed a 4·0 log10 reduction in RNA copy number within 5 min, while carrier assays showed a 2·0-3·0 log10 reduction in 30 min. Incorporating a simulated soil load into the sample matrix significantly reduced product efficacy. Treated particles displayed deformation and aggregation, a 50% reduction in viral capsid protein band intensity, and an 80% reduction in histo-blood group antigen receptor-binding ability.Our results suggest that SDC acts exclusively on the viral capsid, and shows efficacy against HuNoV when used on precleaned surfaces.This study sheds light on the mechanisms and efficacy of a novel antimicrobial against HuNoV. Our results suggest: (i) silver ions exclusively target the viral capsid, and not the RNA genome; (ii) citrate is not crucial for HuNoV capsid deformation. DA - 2017/1// PY - 2017/1// DO - 10.1111/jam.13331 VL - 122 IS - 1 SP - 78-86 SN - 1365-2672 KW - antimicrobials KW - disinfection KW - environmental KW - food safety KW - norovirus KW - viruses ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variability in along-shelf and cross-shelf circulation in the South Atlantic Bight AU - Yuan, Yeping AU - Castelao, Renato M. AU - He, Ruoying T2 - CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH AB - Variability in along-shelf and cross-shelf circulation in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) is investigated using altimetry observations. Satellite-derived along-shelf velocity anomalies are in good agreement with independent near-surface current measurements from moored acoustic Doppler current profilers and surface velocities from high frequency radar at adjacent locations. This is especially true if wind-driven Ekman velocities are added to the geostrophic velocities, suggesting that the influence of Ekman dynamics to surface along-shelf flow in the SAB is unusually large. The decade-long time series reveals substantial seasonal variability in surface velocities, with peak poleward anomalies during late spring and summer and strong equatorward flow during autumn. Convergences and divergences in the along-shelf transport between two cross-sections are compared with three-dimensional numerical model results and used to estimate cross-shelf transport across the 50 m isobath in the SAB. The calculation suggests a pattern of weak offshore flow during spring followed by prolonged and relatively stronger offshore flow during summer and early autumn, while cross-shelf velocity anomalies during winter are weak and slightly onshore. Prolonged offshore flow following the peak in river discharge that generally occurs in spring indicates the potential for the establishment of a conduit for offshore export of riverine material. The long-term time series also reveals several large events of interannual variability, including the 2003 cold event observed in the SAB. DA - 2017/2/15/ PY - 2017/2/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.csr.2017.01.006 VL - 134 SP - 52-62 SN - 1873-6955 KW - South Atlantic Bight KW - Coastal currents KW - Satellite altimeter KW - Geostrophic velocity KW - Elanan velocity KW - Cross-shelf transport ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sorption of arsenic to biogenic iron (oxyhydr)oxides produced in circumneutral environments AU - Sowers, Tyler D. AU - Harrington, James M. AU - Polizzotto, Matthew L. AU - Duckworth, Owen W. T2 - GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA AB - Arsenic (As) is a widespread and problematic pollutant that can be derived from natural or anthropogenic sources. Iron (oxyhydr)oxides readily sorb As and thus play critical roles in As cycling in terrestrial environments; however, little is known about the affinity and mechanism of As sorption by biogenic iron (oxyhydr)oxides formed in circumneutral environments. To investigate this, we conducted sorption isotherm and kinetics experiments to compare As(V) and As(III) sorption to synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite and iron biominerals harvested from the hyporheic zone of an uncontaminated creek. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify both As(V) and As(III), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was utilized to obtain As and Fe K-edge spectra for As(V) and As(III) sorbed to environmentally collected and laboratory produced Fe(III) minerals. All environmental Fe(III) biominerals were determined to be structurally similar to 2-line ferrihydrite. However, environmental Fe(III) biominerals have a surface area normalized affinity for As(V) and for As(III) that is greater than or equivalent to synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite. Whereas the extent of sorption was similar for As(III) on all minerals, As(V) sorption to environmental Fe(III) biominerals was approximately three times higher than what was observed for synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite. Structural modeling of EXAFS spectra revealed that the same surface complexation structure was formed by As(V) and by As(III) on environmental Fe(III) biominerals and ferrihydrite. These results suggest that, despite similarities in binding mechanisms, Fe(III) biominerals may be more reactive sorbents that synthetic surrogates often used to model environmental reactivity. DA - 2017/2/1/ PY - 2017/2/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.gca.2016.10.049 VL - 198 SP - 194-207 SN - 1872-9533 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85007364750&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Arsenic KW - Ferrihydrite KW - Biogenic Oxides KW - Sorption ER - TY - JOUR TI - Geomorphology of the Burnt River, eastern Oregon, USA: Topographic adjustments to tectonic and dynamic deformation AU - Morriss, Matthew Connor AU - Wegmann, Karl W. T2 - GEOMORPHOLOGY AB - Eastern Oregon contains the deepest gorge in North America, where the Snake River cuts vertically down 2300 m. This deep gorge is known as Hells Canyon. A landscape containing such a topographic feature is likely undergoing relatively recent deformation. Study of the Burnt River, a tributary to the Snake River at the upstream end of Hells Canyon, yields data on active river incision in eastern Oregon, indicating that Quaternary faults are a first order control on regional landscape development. Through 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping, a 500,000-year record of fluvial incision along the Burnt River was constructed and is chronologically anchored by optically stimulated luminescence dating and tephrochronology analyses. A conceptual model of fluvial terrace formation was developed using these ages and likely applies to other non-glaciated catchments in eastern Oregon. Mapped terraces, inferred to have formed during glacial-interglacial cycles, provide constraints on rates of incision of the Burnt River. Incision through these terraces indicates that the Burnt River is down-cutting at 0.15 to 0.57 m kyr− 1. This incision appears to reflect a combination of local base-level adjustments tied to movement along the newly mapped Durkee fault and regional base-level control imposed by the downcutting of the Snake River. Deformation of terraces as young as 38.7 ± 5.1 ka indicates Quaternary activity along the Durkee fault, and when combined with topographic metrics (slope, relief, hypsometry, and stream-steepness), reveals a landscape in disequilibrium. Longer wavelength lithospheric dynamics (delamination and crustal foundering) that initiated in the Miocene may also be responsible for continued regional deformation of the Earth's surface. DA - 2017/2/1/ PY - 2017/2/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.09.015 VL - 278 SP - 43-59 SN - 1872-695X KW - Strath terrace KW - Fluvial incision KW - Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) KW - Tephrochronology KW - Quatemary stratigraphy KW - Inland Northwest ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Detection of Epidemic Human Noroviruses AU - Moore, Matthew D. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB - Abstract Human norovirus is a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Rapid detection could facilitate control, however widespread point-of-care testing is infrequently done due to the lack of robust and portable methods. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a novel isothermal method which rapidly amplifies and detects nucleic acids using a simple device in near real-time. An RT-RPA assay targeting a recent epidemic human norovirus strain (GII.4 New Orleans) was developed and evaluated in this study. The assay successfully detected purified norovirus RNA from multiple patient outbreak isolates and had a limit of detection of 3.40 ± 0.20 log 10 genomic copies (LGC), which is comparable to most other reported isothermal norovirus amplification methods. The assay also detected norovirus in directly boiled stool, and displayed better resistance to inhibitors than a commonly used RT-qPCR assay. The assay was specific, as it did not amplify genomes from 9 non-related enteric viruses and bacteria. The assay detected norovirus in some samples in as little as 6 min, and the entire detection process can be performed in less than 30 min. The reported RT-RPA method shows promise for sensitive point-of-care detection of epidemic human norovirus, and is the fastest human norovirus amplification method to date. DA - 2017/1/9/ PY - 2017/1/9/ DO - 10.1038/srep40244 VL - 7 SP - SN - 2045-2322 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Morphology, structure, and metal binding mechanisms of biogenic manganese oxides in a superfund site treatment system AU - Duckworth, O. W. AU - Rivera, N. A. AU - Gardner, T. G. AU - Andrews, M. Y. AU - Santelli, C. M. AU - Polizzotto, M. L. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS AB - Manganese oxides, which may be biogenically produced in both pristine and contaminated environments, have a large affinity for many trace metals. DA - 2017/1/1/ PY - 2017/1/1/ DO - 10.1039/c6em00525j VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 50-58 SN - 2050-7895 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85010739340&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - A simulation model for estimating optimum stocking density of cultured juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in relation to prey productivity AU - Yamashita, Y. AU - Kurita, Y. AU - Yamada, H. AU - Miller, J. M. AU - Tomiyama, T. T2 - Fisheries Research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// VL - 186 SP - 572-578 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mortality, Dispersal, and Habitat Use of Stocked Juvenile Muskellunge in Two Western North Carolina Rivers AU - Owensby, Dylan P. AU - Rice, James A. AU - Aday, D. Derek T2 - NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AB - Abstract The Muskellunge Esox masquinongy is a highly sought‐after sport fish that is native to the Tennessee River drainage of western North Carolina. After the extirpation of Muskellunge from North Carolina in the 1950s, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission began a stocking program to re‐establish the species and produce viable Muskellunge fisheries in North Carolina. Although stocking efforts have created a Muskellunge fishery in, for example, the French Broad River (where the species was native), there is little evidence of success in North Carolina sections of the New River (where the species was not native). Possible mechanisms inhibiting stocking success are unclear because there is relatively little information available on the juvenile life stage of the Muskellunge, especially in the southern portion of its distribution. We addressed the perceived differences in recruitment between the two fisheries by using telemetry to investigate dispersal, mortality, and habitat use by stocked juvenile Muskellunge. Fifty hatchery‐reared, age‐0 Muskellunge (282–307 mm TL) were tagged prior to stocking in the New River (fall 2013) and French Broad River (fall 2014). Three months after stocking, known survival of tagged fish was 4% in the New River and 29% in the French Broad River; the survival probability after 3 months was estimated at 9% (range = 4–17%) in the New River and 37% (range = 25–56%) in the French Broad River. Extended survival in the French Broad River was 14% at 252 d poststocking. High dispersal was observed, with maximum individual dispersal of 67.4 km in the New River and 55.5 km in the French Broad River. Habitat suitability analyses indicated that juvenile Muskellunge in the FBR selected shallow nearshore areas with low water velocity, fine substrate, and substantial cover in the form of woody debris and overhanging vegetation. Information on the survival and behavior of stocked Muskellunge can facilitate efforts to successfully manage these fisheries. Received December 4, 2015; accepted October 3, 2016Published online January 3, 2017 DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1080/02755947.2016.1245222 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 108-121 SN - 1548-8675 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Morphometric comparisons between automated and manual karst depression inventories in Apalachicola National Forest, Florida, and Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, USA AU - Wall, John AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Wegmann, Karl W. AU - Levine, Norman S. T2 - NATURAL HAZARDS DA - 2017/1// PY - 2017/1// DO - 10.1007/s11069-016-2600-x VL - 85 IS - 2 SP - 729-749 SN - 1573-0840 KW - GIS KW - Lidar KW - Topography KW - Sinkhole ER - TY - JOUR TI - Human norovirus binding to select bacteria representative of the human gut microbiota AU - Almand, Erin A. AU - Moore, Matthew D. AU - Outlaw, Janie AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Recent reports describe the ability of select bacterial strains to bind human norovirus, although the specificity of such interactions is unknown. The purpose of this work was to determine if a select group of bacterial species representative of human gut microbiota bind to human norovirus, and if so, to characterize the intensity and location of that binding. The bacteria screened included naturally occurring strains isolated from human stool (Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Enterococcus faecium and Hafnia alvei) and select reference strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae). Binding in PBS was evaluated to three human norovirus strains (GII.4 New Orleans 2009 and Sydney 2012, GI.6) and two surrogate viruses (Tulane virus and Turnip Crinkle Virus (TCV)) using a suspension assay format linked to RT-qPCR for quantification. The impact of different overnight culture media prior to washing on binding efficiency in PBS was also evaluated, and binding was visualized using transmission electron microscopy. All bacteria tested bound the representative human norovirus strains with high efficiency (<1 log10 of input virus remained unbound or <10% unbound and >90% binding efficiency) (p>0.05); there was selective binding for Tulane virus and no binding observed for TCV. Binding efficiency was highest when bacteria were cultured in minimal media (<1 log10 of input virus remained unbound, so >90% bound), but notably decreased when cultured in enriched media (1-3 log10 unbound or 0.01 -<90% bound)) (p<0.05). The norovirus-bacteria binding occurred around the outer cell surfaces and pili structures, without apparent localization. The findings reported here further elucidate and inform the dynamics between human noroviruses and enteric bacteria with implications for norovirus pathogenesis. DA - 2017/3/3/ PY - 2017/3/3/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0173124 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Density-dependent role of an invasive marsh grass, Phragmites australis, on ecosystem service provision AU - Theuerkauf, Seth J. AU - Puckett, Brandon J. AU - Theuerkauf, Kathrynlynn W. AU - Theuerkauf, Ethan J. AU - Eggleston, David B. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Invasive species can positively, neutrally, or negatively affect the provision of ecosystem services. The direction and magnitude of this effect can be a function of the invaders’ density and the service(s) of interest. We assessed the density-dependent effect of an invasive marsh grass, Phragmites australis, on three ecosystem services (plant diversity and community structure, shoreline stabilization, and carbon storage) in two oligohaline marshes within the North Carolina Coastal Reserve and National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NCNERR), USA. Plant species richness was equivalent among low, medium and high Phragmites density plots, and overall plant community composition did not vary significantly by Phragmites density. Shoreline change was most negative (landward retreat) where Phragmites density was highest (-0.40 ± 0.19 m yr-1 vs. -0.31 ± 0.10 for low density Phragmites) in the high energy marsh of Kitty Hawk Woods Reserve and most positive (soundward advance) where Phragmites density was highest (0.19 ± 0.05 m yr-1 vs. 0.12 ± 0.07 for low density Phragmites) in the lower energy marsh of Currituck Banks Reserve, although there was no significant effect of Phragmites density on shoreline change. In Currituck Banks, mean soil carbon content was approximately equivalent in cores extracted from low and high Phragmites density plots (23.23 ± 2.0 kg C m-3 vs. 22.81 ± 3.8). In Kitty Hawk Woods, mean soil carbon content was greater in low Phragmites density plots (36.63 ± 10.22 kg C m-3) than those with medium (13.99 ± 1.23 kg C m-3) or high density (21.61 ± 4.53 kg C m-3), but differences were not significant. These findings suggest an overall neutral density-dependent effect of Phragmites on three ecosystem services within two oligohaline marshes in different environmental settings within a protected reserve system. Moreover, the conceptual framework of this study can broadly inform an ecosystem services-based approach to invasive species management. DA - 2017/2/24/ PY - 2017/2/24/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0173007 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Geospatial Analytics for Park & Protected Land Visitor Reservation Data AU - Supak, Stacy AU - Brothers, Gene AU - Ghahramani, Ladan AU - Van Berkel, Derek T2 - ANALYTICS IN SMART TOURISM DESIGN: CONCEPTS AND METHODS AB - Reservation databases utilized by parks and protected lands (PPLs) are a source of empirical data that holds a wealth of spatiotemporal information about both destination usage (from the supply side) and visitor characteristics (the demand population). Unfortunately, PPL reservation databases are rarely explored with these goals in mind. Geovisualizations of reservation data can be used to identify longitudinal patterns, trends and relationships that can help PPL managers generate knowledge useful in decision support. To demonstrate the knowledge that can be gained through geospatial analytics of PPL reservation data, 12.5 million reservation records from the recreation.gov database between January 1, 2007 and December 30, 2015 are examined. The database includes 3272 distinct destinations that provided camping, permitting or ticketing on U.S. Federal PPLs. This chapter discusses both the value of, and the methodology for, inductively exploring spatiotemporal PPL reservation data through geovisualization. Efforts such as those described in this chapter can provide decision support to managers of Federal, State and County agencies tasked with tourism and resource management. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-44263-1_6 SP - 81-109 SN - 2366-2611 ER -