TY - JOUR TI - Shelf-scale mapping of fish sound production with ocean gliders AU - Mann, David AU - Wall, Carrie AU - Lembke, Chad AU - Lindemuth, Michael AU - He, Ruoying AU - Taylor, Chris AU - Kellison, Todd T2 - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AB - Ocean gliders are a powerful platform for collecting large-scale data on the distribution of sound-producing animals while also collecting environmental data that may influence their distribution. Since 2009, we have performed extensive mapping on the West Florida Shelf with ocean gliders equipped with passive acoustic recorders. These missions have revealed the distribution of red grouper as well as identified several unknown sounds likely produced by fishes. In March 2014, we ran a mission along the shelf edge from Cape Canaveral, FL to North Carolina to map fish sound production. The Gulf Stream and its strong currents necessitated a team effort with ocean modeling to guide the glider successfully to two marine protected areas. This mission also revealed large distributions of unknown sounds, especially on the shallower portions of the shelf. Gliders provide valuable spatial coverage, but because they are moving and most fish have strong diurnal sound production patterns, data analysis on presence and absence must be made carefully. In many of these cases, it is best to use a combination of platforms, including fixed recorders and ocean profilers to measure temporal patterns of sound production. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1121/1.4899624 VL - 136 IS - 4 SP - 2117-2117 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal and interannual variability in Gulf of Maine hydrodynamics: 2002--2011 T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 103 SP - 210-222 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Numerical investigation of coastal circulation dynamics near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in January 2005 AU - Gong, Yanlin AU - He, Ruoying AU - Gawarkiewicz, Glen G. AU - Savidge, Dana K. T2 - Ocean Dynamics AB - A realistic regional ocean model is used to hindcast and diagnose coastal circulation variability near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in January 2005. Strong extratropical winter storms passed through the area during the second half of the month (January 15–31), leading to significantly different circulation conditions compared to those during the first half of the month (January 1–14). Model results were validated against sea level, temperature, salinity, and velocity observations. Analyses of along-shelf and cross-shelf transport, momentum, and kinetic energy balances were further performed to investigate circulation dynamics near Cape Hatteras. Our results show that during the strong winter storm period, both along-shelf (southward) and cross-shelf (seaward) transport increased significantly, mainly due to increases in geostrophic velocity associated with coastal sea level setup. In terms of momentum balance, the wind stress was mainly balanced by bottom friction. During the first half of month, the dominant kinetic energy (KE) balance on the shelf was between the time rate of KE change and the pressure work, whereas during the stormy second half of month, the main shelf KE balance was achieved between wind stress work and dissipation. DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.1007/s10236-014-0778-6 VL - 65 IS - 1 SP - 1-15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coastal connectivity in the Gulf of Maine in spring and summer of 2004--2009 AU - Li, Yizhen AU - He, Ruoying AU - Manning, James P T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 103 SP - 199-209 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal and interannual variability in Gulf of Maine hydrodynamics: 2002--2011 T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 103 SP - 210-222 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A red tide of Alexandrium fundyense in the Gulf of Maine T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 103 SP - 174-184 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A red tide of Alexandrium fundyense in the Gulf of Maine T2 - Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 103 SP - 174-184 ER - TY - CONF TI - How important is seismically-induced erosion above the Cascadia subduction zone? Insights from the stratigraphy of large lakes on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Leithold, E.L. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D.R. A2 - Gillespie, A. A2 - Montgomery, D. C2 - 2014/// C3 - Proceedings of the 23rd Biennial Meeting of the American Quaternary Association DA - 2014/// VL - 23 SP - 35–37 PB - University of Washington, American Quaternary Union ER - TY - CHAP TI - Raster-based analysis AU - Hardin, E. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Tateosian, L. AU - Overton, M. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Computer Science AB - Raster-based analysis on two or more DEMs can provide information about change patterns and trends. A common approach to mapping elevation change between two surveys is DEM differencing, performed by map algebra within GIS (r.mapcalc in GRASS). For a larger number of elevation data snapshots, per cell statistics can be applied to the raster DEMs to derive summary maps, which reveal the spatial patterns of stable and dynamic sites, the time periods when sites reach their highest or lowest elevations, and the trends in elevation change. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1835-5_3 VL - 0 SP - 27-34 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84990851424&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Processing coastal lidar time series AU - Hardin, E. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Tateosian, L. AU - Overton, M. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Computer Science AB - In this chapter, we analyze time series of lidar data point clouds to assess the point density, gaps in coverage, spatial extent and accuracy. Based on this analysis and a given application we select appropriate resolution and interpolation method for computation of raster-based digital elevation model (DEM). We explain computation of DEMs by per raster-cell averaging, two types of splines. Assessment of systematic error using geodetic benchmarks or other ground truth point data and correction of any shifted DEMs is the final step in creating a consistent DEM time series. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1835-5_2 VL - 0 SP - 7-25 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84990851417&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Introduction AU - Hardin, E. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Tateosian, L. AU - Overton, M. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Computer Science AB - Management of highly dynamic coastal landscapes requires repeated mapping and analysis of observed changes. Modern remote sensing techniques, such as lidar, increased the frequency and level of detail in coastal surveys and new methods were developed to extract valuable information from these data using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In this chapter we discuss mapping of coastal change, on-line data resources, and the basics of installation and working with open source GRASS GIS used in this book. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1835-5_1 VL - 0 SP - 1-6 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85045018146&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Feature extraction and feature change metrics AU - Hardin, E. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Tateosian, L. AU - Overton, M. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Computer Science AB - Coastal change has been historically measured by metrics derived for specific coastal linear features such as shorelines. Linear features are also important for measuring sand dune migration based on the location of dune crests and slip faces and for prediction of coastal vulnerability. In this chapter we present methods for extracting shorelines, dune ridges, dune crests and building footprints from DEMs. Then we measure the change of these features and use them to map vulnerability to storms. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1835-5_4 VL - 0 SP - 35-62 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85045013232&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Volume analysis AU - Hardin, E. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Tateosian, L. AU - Overton, M. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Computer Science PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1835-5_5 VL - 0 SP - 63-70 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85045012430&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Visualizing coastal change AU - Hardin, E. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Tateosian, L. AU - Overton, M. T2 - SpringerBriefs in Computer Science AB - Scientific visualization provides a means for effective analysis and communication of complex information that may be otherwise difficult to explain and explore. This particularly applies to coastal geomorphology, where 3D spatial and temporal patterns and relationships are critical for capturing landscape features and their dynamics. In this chapter we present GIS-based techniques for visualizing dynamic coastal landscapes using 2D maps, 3D perspective views, animations, and the space-time cube approach. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-1-4939-1835-5_6 VL - 0 SP - 71-80 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85045013018&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - RPRT TI - Establishment of Captive Populations of Magnificent Ramshorn (Planorbella magnifica) and Greenfield Ramshorn (Helisoma eucosmium) AU - Eads, C.B. AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Chestnutt, R.K. AU - Heinz, J. AU - Westmoreland, L. AU - Bloodgood, J. AU - Smith-Uhl, R. A3 - US Fish and Wildlife Service DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// M3 - Final report PB - US Fish and Wildlife Service ER - TY - JOUR TI - Guest Editorial: Coastal Dunes Essential to a Resilient Coast AU - Overton, M. T2 - Shore & Beach DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 82 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal Changes in Microbial Community Structure in Freshwater Stream Sediment in a North Carolina River Basin AU - Bucci, John AU - Szempruch, Anthony AU - Caldwell, Jane AU - Ellis, Joseph AU - Levine, Jay T2 - Diversity AB - This study examined seasonal differences in microbial community structure in the sediment of three streams in North Carolina’s Neuse River Basin. Microbes that reside in sediment are at the base of the food chain and have a profound influence on the health of freshwater stream environments. Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP), molecular fingerprint analysis of 16S rRNA genes was used to examine the diversity of bacterial species in stream sediment. Sediment was sampled in both wet and dry seasons from an agricultural (Bear), mixed urban (Crabtree) and forested (Marks) Creek, and the microbiota examined. Gamma, Alpha and Beta proteobacteria were prevalent species of microbial taxa represented among all sites. Actinobacteria was the next most prevalent species observed, with greater occurrence in dry compared to the wet season. Discernable clustering was observed of Marks and Bear Creek samples collected during the wetter period (September–April), which corresponded with a period of higher precipitation and cooler surface water temperatures. Although not statistically significant, microbial community structure appeared different between season (ANOSIM, R = 0.60; p < 0.10). Principal components analysis confirmed this pattern and showed that the bacterial groups were separated by wet and dry seasonal periods. These results suggest seasonal differences among the microbial community structure in sediment of freshwater streams and that these communities may respond to changes in precipitation during wetter periods. DA - 2014/1/3/ PY - 2014/1/3/ DO - 10.3390/d6010018 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 18-32 J2 - Diversity LA - en OP - SN - 1424-2818 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d6010018 DB - Crossref ER - TY - RPRT TI - TNT Degradation by Natural Microbial Assemblages at Frontal Boundaries Between Water Masses in Coastal Ecosystems (ER-2124 interim report) AU - Montgomery, M.T. AU - Boyd, T.J. AU - Coffin, R.B. AU - Drake, L.A. AU - Hansen, L.T. AU - Osburn, C.L. A3 - Chemical Dynamics and Diagnostics Branch Naval Research Lab DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// M1 - NRL/MR/6110--14-9552 M3 - Memorandum report PB - Chemical Dynamics and Diagnostics Branch Naval Research Lab SN - NRL/MR/6110--14-9552 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Measurement of Nitroaromatic Explosives by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography in Waters Collected Along a Tropical Estuary AU - Giordano, B.C. AU - Montgomery, M.T. AU - Osburn, C.L. AU - Lindsay, C. A3 - Chemical Dynamics and Diagnostics Branch, Naval Research Lab DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// M1 - NRL/MR/6110--14-9504 M3 - Memorandum Report PB - Chemical Dynamics and Diagnostics Branch, Naval Research Lab SN - NRL/MR/6110--14-9504 UR - https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a595043.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Billion-Dollar Fish: The Untold Story of Alaska Pollock AU - Buckel, Jeffrey A. T2 - Fisheries AB - FisheriesVolume 39, Issue 5 p. 221-221 Book Review Billion-Dollar Fish: The Untold Story of Alaska Pollock Jeffrey A. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Buckel Department of Applied Ecology, Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, NCSearch for more papers by this author Jeffrey A. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Buckel Department of Applied Ecology, Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, NCSearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 May 2014 https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2014.903841Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume39, Issue5May 2014Pages 221-221 RelatedInformation DA - 2014/5/4/ PY - 2014/5/4/ DO - 10.1080/03632415.2014.903841 VL - 39 IS - 5 SP - 221-221 J2 - Fisheries LA - en OP - SN - 0363-2415 1548-8446 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2014.903841 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lower Palaeolithic artifacts from Plakias, Crete: Implications for Hominin Dispersals AU - Runnels, C. AU - DiGregorio, C. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Gallen, S.F. AU - Strasser, T.F. AU - Panagopoulou, E. T2 - Eurasian Prehistory DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - v. 11 SP - 129–152 UR - https://www.peabody.harvard.edu/node/2543 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Active simultaneous uplift and margin-normal extension in a forearc high, Crete, Greece AU - Gallen, S.F. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D.R. AU - Pazzaglia, F.J. AU - Brandon, M.T. AU - Fassoulas, C. T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters AB - The island of Crete occupies a forearc high in the central Hellenic subduction zone and is characterized by sustained exhumation, surface uplift and extension. The processes governing orogenesis and topographic development here remain poorly understood. Dramatic topographic relief (2–6km) astride the southern coastline of Crete is associated with large margin-parallel faults responsible for deep bathymetric depressions known as the Hellenic troughs. These structures have been interpreted as both active and inactive with either contractional, strike-slip, or extensional movement histories. Distinguishing between these different structural styles and kinematic histories here allows us to explore more general models for improving our global understanding of the tectonic and geodynamic processes of syn-convergent extension. We present new observations from the south–central coastline of Crete that clarifies the role of these faults in the late Cenozoic evolution of the central Hellenic margin and the processes controlling Quaternary surface uplift. Pleistocene marine terraces are used in conjunction with optically stimulated luminesce dating and correlation to the Quaternary eustatic curve to document coastal uplift and identify active faults. Two south-dipping normal faults are observed, which extend offshore, offset these marine terrace deposits and indicate active N–S (margin-normal) extension. Further, marine terraces preserved in the footwall and hanging wall of both faults demonstrate that regional net uplift of Crete is occurring despite active extension. Field mapping and geometric reconstructions of an active onshore normal fault reveal that the subaqueous range-front fault of south–central Crete is synthetic to the south-dipping normal faults on shore. These findings are inconsistent with models of active horizontal shortening in the upper crust of the Hellenic forearc. Rather, they are consistent with topographic growth of the forearc in a viscous orogenic wedge, where crustal thickening and uplift are a result of basal underplating of material that is accompanied by extension in the upper portions of the wedge. Within this framework a new conceptual model is presented for the late Cenozoic vertical tectonics of the Hellenic forearc. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.038 VL - 398 IS - SP - 11 - 24 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X14002787 N1 - RN - ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flood Risk Management: The Need for Sound Policies and Practices AU - Traver, Robert AU - Andersen, Christine AU - Edge, Billy AU - Fowler, David AU - Calloway, Gerald, Jr. AU - Gilbert, Robert B. AU - Haddock, Carol AU - Link, Lewis E. AU - Moyle, John AU - Roth, Lawrence AU - Whitlock, P. Kay AU - Ludy, Jessica AU - Durrant, John AU - Whitten, Barbara T2 - Civil Engineering Magazine Archive AB - A large portion of the destruction from Hurricane Katrina in 2005 was caused not only by the storm itself but also by the storm’s exposure of engineering and engineering-related policy failures. ASCE’s Hurricane Katrina External Review Panel, which was convened at the request of Lieutenant General Carl A. Strock, P.E., M.ASCE, then the commander and chief engineer of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, to conduct an in-depth peer review of the comprehensive work of the Corp’s Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force, published its report, entitled The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System: What Went Wrong and Why, in May 2007. In January 2012 ASCE’s Board of Direction established the Task Committee on Flood Safety Policies and Practices (TCFSPP) to examine the findings put forth in the report, to determine whether progress has been made in implementing the calls for action included in this report, and to determine if the American public is now safer from the dangers of flooding. This article is a distillation of the TCFSPP’s report, which will be published by ASCE later this year. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.1061/CIEGAG.0000489 VL - 84 IS - 4 SP - 48-57 J2 - Civ. Eng. LA - en OP - SN - 2381-0688 2381-0688 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/CIEGAG.0000489 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanism of meat tenderization by sous vide cooking AU - Suriaatmaja⁎, D. AU - Lanier, T. T2 - Meat Science AB - Consumers are the final step in the meat supply chain and meeting consumer expectations of quality and tenderness are important for satisfaction and repeat purchase. High pressure processing, shockwaves, ultrasound, pulsed electric field and muscle stretching can be applied to pre- and post-rigor meat for tenderisation. These non-thermal and thermal innovative technologies can be used with varying levels of success to cause physical disruption to muscle structure, enhanced proteolysis and ageing and muscle protein denaturation and solubilisation resulting in changes to texture and juiciness. Results of a meta-analysis are used to compare the effects of these technologies on meat tenderisation. In the future, a combination of new and innovative technologies will be ideally suited to deliver a range of desired textures for meat products. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1016/J.MEATSCI.2013.07.073 VL - 96 IS - 1 SP - 457 J2 - Meat Science LA - en OP - SN - 0309-1740 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.MEATSCI.2013.07.073 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Physicochemical Effects on Dissolved Organic Matter Fluorescence in Natural Waters AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Del Vecchio, Rossana AU - Boyd, Thomas J. T2 - Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence A2 - Coble, Paula A2 - Lead, Jaimie A2 - Baker, Andy A2 - Reynolds, Darren M. A2 - Spencer, Robert G.M. PY - 2014/6/9/ DO - 10.1017/cbo9781139045452.012 SP - 233-277 OP - PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 9781139045452 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139045452.012 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying environmental stress induced emissions of algal isoprene and monoterpenes using laboratory measurements AU - Meskhidze, N. AU - Sabolis, A. AU - Reed, R. AU - Kamykowski, D. T2 - Biogeosciences Discussions AB - Abstract. We report here production rates of isoprene and monoterpene compounds (α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene and d-limonene) from six phytoplankton monocultures as a function of irradiance and temperature. Irradiance experiments were carried out for diatom strains – Thalassiosira weissflogii and Thalassiosira pseudonana; prymnesiophyte strains – Pleurochrysis carterae; dinoflagellate strains – Karenia brevis and Prorocentrum minimum; cryptophyte strains – Rhodomonas salina, while temperature experiments were carried out for diatom strains – Thalassiosira weissflogii and Thalassiosira pseudonana. Phytoplankton species, incubated in a climate-controlled room, were subject to variable light (90 to 900 μmol m−2s−1) and temperature (18 to 30 °C) regimes. Compared to isoprene, monoterpene emissions were an order of magnitude lower at all light and temperature levels. Emission rates are normalized by cell count and Chlorophyll a (Chl a) content. Diatom strains were the largest emitters, with ~2x1017g (cell)−1h−1 (~35 μg (g Chl a)−1h−1) for isoprene and ~5x10−19 g (cell)−1h−1 (~1μg (g Chl a)−1) h−1) for α-pinene. The contribution to the total monoterpene production was ~70% from α-pinene, ~20% for d-limonene, and <10% for camphene and β -pinene. Phytoplankton species showed a rapid increase in production rates at low (<150 μmol m−2s−1) and a gradual increase at high (>250 μmol m−2s−1) irradiance. Measurements revealed different patterns for time-averaged emissions rates over two successive days. On the first day most of the species showed distinct increase in production rates within the first four hours, while on the second day the emission rates were overall higher, but less variable. The data suggest that enhanced amounts of isoprene and monoterpenes are emitted from phytoplankton as a result of perturbations in environmental conditions that cause disbalance in chloroplasts and forces primary producers to acclimate physiologically. This relationship could be a valuable tool for development of dynamic ecosystem modeling approaches for global marine isoprene and monoterpene emissions based on phytoplankton physiological responses to a changing environment. DA - 2014/9/19/ PY - 2014/9/19/ DO - 10.5194/bgd-11-13533-2014 VL - 11 IS - 9 SP - 13533-13570 J2 - Biogeosciences Discuss. LA - en OP - SN - 1810-6285 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-13533-2014 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Examining Material Transport in Dynamic Coastal Environments: An Integrated Approach Using Field Data, Remote Sensing and Numerical Modeling AU - Miller, Richard L. AU - López, Ramón AU - Mulligan, Ryan P. AU - Reed, Robert E. AU - Liu, Cheng-Chien AU - Buonassissi, Christopher J. AU - Brown, Matthew M. T2 - Remote Sensing and Modeling AB - Coastal environments are critical ecological systems and offer vital resources and functions to societies worldwide. As a major interface between terrestrial and ocean environments, coastal water bodies (rivers, estuaries, bays and coastal margins) provide key ecological services and are the major conduit and processors of terrestrially derived particulate and dissolved material as they are transported to the ocean. Consequently, coastal environments have been shown to play a major role in global bio-geochemical cycles and provide critical habitat for a host of marine species. Globally, these important environments are under considerable pressure from high population densities, increasing growth rates and are particularly vulnerable from the effects of projected climate change such as sea level rise and increased storm events. Despite their importance, significant gaps remain in our understanding of how these environments will respond to climate change, increasing human population, land use changes, and over exploitation of natural resources. This lack of understanding is due in part to the difficulties in developing effective monitoring and analysis programs using only a single measurement approach that is limited in its spatial and temporal coverage. We describe an integrated approach based on field measurements, remote sensing and numerical modeling that is being developed to examine the transport of dissolved (colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) and particulate material (total suspended matter (TSM)) within a complex coastal system, the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine System (APES), North Carolina USA. This integrated approach was established to overcome limitations associated with a single measurement and analysis approach. Field measurements and discrete samples are acquired using well-established protocols from small boats, bridges, and from the shore. Remotely sensed data are obtained from several sensors with diverse capabilities including SeaWiFS, MODIS, MERIS, HICO, Landsat and FORMOSAT-2. The numerical model Delft3D is used to simulate freshwater and DOC transport in the estuaries following major rainfall events that lead to high river discharge. Challenges associated with examining the APES using a single vs. an integrated measurement approach along with representative results from a broad suite of measurements are presented. Future advances in technology and refinements in our integrated approach are also considered. PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-06326-3_14 SP - 333-364 OP - PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 9783319063256 9783319063263 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06326-3_14 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bartonella henselae and B. koehlerae DNA in Birds AU - Mascarelli, Patricia E. AU - McQuillan, Maggie AU - Harms, Craig A. AU - Harms, Ronald V. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Emerging Infectious Diseases AB - To the Editor: Bartonellosis, a globally emerging vector-borne zoonotic bacterial disease, is caused by hemotropic, gram-negative, aerobic, facultative intracellular Bartonella spp. (1). Of the 30 Bartonella species/subspecies, 17 have been associated with human infections (2,3). Each species has a reservoir host(s), within which the bacteria can cause intraerythrocytic bacteremia with few or no clinical signs of illness (1,3); the bacteria are transmitted by hematophagous arthropod vectors (1). Various Bartonella spp. have been identified in domestic and wild animals, including canids, deer, cattle, rodents, and marine mammals (1,4). Bartonella DNA from the blood of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) has been PCR amplified and sequenced (5); the fact that Bartonella DNA was found suggests the possibility that persistent blood-borne infection can occur in nonmammals and that the host range for Bartonella spp. may be larger than anticipated. Growing evidence suggests that wild birds play key roles in the maintenance and movement of zoonotic pathogens such as tick-borne encephalitis virus and Borrelia and Rickettsia spp. (6–9). Bartonella grahamii DNA was amplified from a bird tick in Korea (10). The substantial mobility, broad distribution, and migrations of birds make them ideal reservoir hosts for dispersal of infectious agents. To investigate whether birds might be a reservoir for Bartonella spp., we screened 86 birds for the presence of Bartonella spp. DNA. The primary study site was a residential backyard in Morehead City, North Carolina, USA (34°43.722′N, 76°43.915′W). Of the 86 birds screened, 78 (16 species) were captured by mist net during March 2010–June 2012 and 8 (3 species) were injured birds that were to be euthanized (Table). Each bird was examined for external abnormalities and ectoparasites, weighed, measured, and tagged with a US Geological Survey–numbered band. A blood sample (0.10–0.25 mL) was collected from each bird by using a 1-mL insulin syringe with a 28-gauge × 1.27-cm needle. Blood remaining after preparation of blood smears was added to an EDTA tube and frozen (−80°C) until processed. Blood smears were examined for hemoparasites. Research was conducted under required state and federal bird banding permits and with the approval of the North Carolina State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Table Bartonella species detected in birds* Before DNA was extracted from the samples, 10 μL of blood was diluted in 190 µL of phosphate-buffered saline. DNA was automatically extracted by using a BioRobot Symphony Workstation and MagAttract DNA Blood M96 Kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA, USA). Bartonella DNA was amplified by using conventional Bartonella genus PCR primers targeting the 16S–23S intergenic spacer region: oligonucleotides, 425s (5′-CCG GGG AAG GTT TTC CGG TTT ATCC-3′) and 1,000as (5′-CTG AGC TAC GGC CCC TAA ATC AGG-3′). Amplification was performed in a 25-μL reaction, as described (3). All PCR reactions were analyzed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Amplicons were sequenced to identify the Bartonella sp. and intergenic spacer region genotype. To compare sequences with those in GenBank, we identified bacterial species and genotypes by using Blast version 2.0 (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). DNA extraction and PCR-negative controls remained negative throughout the study. Results are summarized in the Table. None of the screened birds were anemic, but 5 were PCR positive for Bartonella spp. (3 for B. henselae and 2 for B. koehlerae). B. henselae was amplified from 2 Northern Mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos) and 1 Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) (GenBank accession no. {type:entrez-nucleotide,attrs:{text:KC814161,term_id:501412833,term_text:KC814161}}KC814161). The DNA sequences were identical to each other and had 99.6% (456/457 bp) sequence similarity with B. henselae San Antonio 2 intergenic spacer region genotype (GenBank accession no. {type:entrez-nucleotide,attrs:{text:AF369529,term_id:15290601,term_text:AF369529}}AF369529). B. koehlerae was amplified from a Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) and a Common Loon (Gavia immer) (GenBank accession no. {type:entrez-nucleotide,attrs:{text:KC814162,term_id:501412834,term_text:KC814162}}KC814162). The DNA sequences were identical to each other (404/404 bp) and to GenBank sequence {type:entrez-nucleotide,attrs:{text:AF312490,term_id:15277539,term_text:AF312490}}AF312490. Lice (Mallophaga order) were found on 5 Boat-tailed Grackles (Quiscalus major), but no ectoparasites were observed on Bartonella spp.–positive birds. Hemoparasites (Haemoproteus and Plasmodium spp.) were detected in 7 of 86 birds, indicating exposure to hematophagous ectoparasites, but hemoparasites were not detected in the Bartonella spp.–positive birds. No bacteria were visualized in Bartonella PCR–positive blood smears. Bartonella spp. are increasingly associated with animal and human illnesses; thus, the identification of reservoirs and increased understanding of Bartonella spp. disease ecology are of public health importance. Our finding of 2 pathogenic species not previously reported in birds has expanded the potential sources for zoonotic infection. There is growing evidence that migratory birds serve as reservoirs and/or mechanical vectors for pathogens such as tick-borne encephalitis virus and Rickettsia spp. (6–8). Birds have been implicated as reservoirs for several Borrelia spp. (9,10) and for possible dispersion of other tick-borne pathogens (e.g., Anaplasma and Bartonella spp.) (6,10). Tick transmission of Bartonella spp. to birds should be investigated, and additional studies that investigate the reservoir host range of Bartonella spp. and the transmission of these bacteria to non–host species will improve epidemiologic understanding of bartonellosis and will identify additional risk factors for Bartonella spp. transmission to new hosts, including humans. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.3201/eid2003.130563 VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 490–492 SN - 1080-6040 1080-6059 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2003.130563 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sedation of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) and black sea bass (Centropristis striata) using ketamine, dexmedetomidine and midazolam delivered via intramuscular injection AU - Christiansen, E.F. AU - Mitchell, J.M. AU - Harms, C.A. AU - Stoskopf, M.K. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research AB - Handling and restraint of large teleost fish in public aquaria presents significant logistical and safety challenges and research into effective injectable anesthetic protocols has been limited. A combination protocol of ketamine (K), dexmedetomidine (D) and midazolam (M) injected intramuscularly was evaluated at several dose combinations in red porgy ( Pagrus pagrus ) and black sea bass ( Centropristis striata ). The response of red porgy was extremely variable, and even at the lowest dose tested (1 mg/kg K/0.025 mg/kg D/0.2 mg/kg M), multiple fish exhibited a severe, often fatal lactic acidosis. The protocol was effective in black sea bass, and the fish were consistently sedated and easily handled when anesthetized with 2 mg/kg K/0.05 mg/kg D/0.2 mg/kg M or with 4 mg/kg K/0.1 mg/kg D/0.2 mg/kg M. All black sea bass recovered well following reversal of the dexmedetomidine with atipamezole and no long-term negative effects were seen. This protocol appears to be a safe and effective approach to sedating demersal teleosts to facilitate handling and movement. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.19227/jzar.v2i3.41 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 62–68 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Strandings as indicators of marine mammal biodiversity and human interactions off the coast of North Carolina AU - Byrd, Barbie L. AU - Hohn, Aleta A. AU - Lovewell, Gretchen N. AU - Altman, Karen M. AU - Barco, Susan G. AU - Friedlaender, Ari AU - Harms, Craig A. AU - McLellan, William A. AU - Moore, Kathleen T. AU - Rosel, Patricia E. AU - Thayer, Victoria G. T2 - Fishery Bulletin AB - The adjacency of 2 marine biogeographic regions off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (NC), and the proximity of the Gulf Stream result in a high biodiversity of species from northern and southern provinces and from coastal and pelagic habitats. We examined spatiotemporal patterns of marine mammal strandings and evidence of human interaction for these strandings along NC shorelines and evaluated whether the spatiotemporal patterns and species diversity of the stranded animals reflected published... DA - 2014/1/2/ PY - 2014/1/2/ DO - 10.7755/FB.112.1.1 VL - 112 IS - 1 SP - 1-23 J2 - FB OP - SN - 0090-0656 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.7755/FB.112.1.1 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fluxomics of the Eastern Oyster for Environmental Stress Studies AU - Tikunov, Andrey AU - Stoskopf, Michael AU - Macdonald, Jeffrey T2 - Metabolites AB - The metabolism of 2-13C/15N-glycine and U-13C-glucose was determined in four tissue blocks (adductor muscle, stomach and digestive gland, mantle, and gills) of the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) using proton (1H) and carbon-13 (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The oysters were treated in aerated seawater with three treatments (5.5 mM U-13C-glucose, 2.7 mM 2-13C/15N-glycine, and 5.5 mM U-13C-glucose plus 2.7 mM 2-13C/15N-glycine) and the relative mass balance and 13C fractional enrichments were determined in the four tissue blocks. In all tissues, glycine was metabolized by the glycine cycle forming serine exclusively in the mitochondria by the glycine cleavage system forming 2,3-13C-serine. In muscle, a minor amount of serine-derived pyruvate entered the Krebs cycle as substantiated by detection of a trace of 2,3-13C-aspartate. In all tissues, U-13C-glucose formed glycogen by glycogen synthesis, alanine by glycolysis, and glutamate and aspartate through the Krebs cycle. Alanine was formed exclusively from glucose via alanine transaminase and not glycine via alanine-glyoxylate transaminase. Based on isotopomer analysis, pyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase appeared to be equal points for pyruvate entry into the Krebs cycle. In the 5.5 mM U-13C-glucose plus 2.7 mM 2-13C/15N-glycine emergence treatment used to simulate 12 h of “low tide”, oysters accumulated more 13C-labeled metabolites, including both anaerobic glycolytic and aerobic Krebs cycle intermediates. The aerobic metabolites could be the biochemical result of the gaping behavior of mollusks during emergence. The change in tissue distribution and mass balance of 13C-labeled nutrients (U-13C-glucose and 2-13C/15N-glycine) provides the basis for a new quantitative fluxomic method for elucidating sub-lethal environmental effects in marine organisms called whole body mass balance phenotyping (WoMBaP). DA - 2014/1/7/ PY - 2014/1/7/ DO - 10.3390/metabo4010053 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 53-70 J2 - Metabolites LA - en OP - SN - 2218-1989 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo4010053 DB - Crossref KW - H-1 & C-13 NMR KW - metabolomic KW - fluxomic KW - oyster KW - mass balance KW - 2-C-13/N-15-glycine KW - U-C-13-glucose ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hepatic metabolomic investigation of the North American black bear (Ursus americanus) using 1H-NMR spectroscopy AU - Niemuth, Jennifer AU - Stoskopf, Michael T2 - Wildlife Biology in Practice AB - The growing field of metabolomics examines the end products of metabolism, metabolites, to determine physiological processes at a cellular level. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy affords advantages such as noninvasive sample collection, minimal or no sample preparation, and conservation of samples. The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of NMR-based metabolomics as a screening tool for evaluating changes in North American black bear (Ursus americanus) metabolism, establish a baseline metabolic profile for the black bear, and determine if there was any significant variation between individual metabolic profiles of hunter-killed bears. Hepatic samples were collected from 14 legally, hunter-killed black bears. The samples were frozen, homogenized, and extracted. 1H NMR spectra were collected and analyzed. Over 30 metabolites were identified, including those involved with protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Principal components analysis demonstrated a separation among the bears by general age groups, based on differences in several energy and amino acid biomarkers, as well as lactate. This difference may be due to variation in growth and body composition with age. NMR-based metabolomics proved to be a practical technique for identifying components of black bear metabolism. DA - 2014/5/15/ PY - 2014/5/15/ DO - 10.2461/wbp.2014.10.3 VL - 10 IS - 1 J2 - Wildl. Biol. Pract. LA - en OP - SN - 1646-2742 1646-1509 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2461/wbp.2014.10.3 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from diseased Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) are virulent to channel catfish and Nile tilapia AU - Libraries, NC State University T2 - Journal of Coastal Life Medicine DA - 2014/5/28/ PY - 2014/5/28/ DO - 10.12980/jclm.2.2014jclm-2014-0005 VL - 5 J2 - JCLM OP - SN - 2309-5288 2309-6152 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.12980/jclm.2.2014jclm-2014-0005 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of five different suture materials in the skin of the earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) AU - Salgado, Melissa A AU - Lewbart, Gregory A AU - Christian, Larry S AU - Griffith, Emily H AU - Law, Jerry T2 - SpringerPlus AB - Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine which suture material is the most appropriate for dermal closure of terrestrial annelids. This paper describes the tissue reactions of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris , to five different types of suture materials in order to determine which suture material is the most appropriate for dermal closure. Silk, monofilament nylon, polydiaxonone, polyglactin 910, and chromic gut were studied. There was mild to moderate tissue reaction to all five suture materials. In all of the biopsies wound-healing reaction consisted of aggregates of blastemal cells which appeared in various stages of dedifferentiation from the body wall. Inflammatory cells infiltrated the wound sites, reminiscent of the typical foreign body reaction in vertebrates. The results indicate polyglactin 910 would be the best suture material with regards to tissue security and reaction scores. Chromic gut occupies the next position but there were problems with suture security over time. This appears to be the first suture material performance study on a terrestrial invertebrate. The earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, was chosen for its wide availability, size, and the extensive species knowledge base. The earthworm may prove to be a good surgical/suture model for economically important invertebrates such as mollusks, tunicates, and insect larval stages. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1186/2193-1801-3-423 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 423 J2 - SpringerPlus LA - en OP - SN - 2193-1801 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-423 DB - Crossref KW - Earthworm KW - Healing KW - Immune response KW - Lumbricus terrestris KW - Suture material ER - TY - CONF TI - GIS-based environmental modeling with tangible interaction and dynamic visualization AU - Petrasova, A. AU - Harmon, B. AU - Petras, V. AU - Mitasova, H. C2 - 2014/// C3 - Proceedings - 7th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software: Bold Visions for Environmental Modeling, iEMSs 2014 DA - 2014/// VL - 2 SP - 758-765 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84911897646&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Barrier island dynamics using mass center analysis: A new way to detect and track large-scale change AU - Paris, P. AU - Mitasova, H. T2 - ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information AB - A geographic information system (GIS) was used to introduce and test a new method for quantitatively characterizing topographic change. Borrowing from classic Newtonian mechanics, the concept of a body’s center of mass is applied to the geomorphic landscape, and the barrier island environment in particular, to evaluate the metric’s potential as a proxy for detecting, tracking and visualizing change. Two barrier islands along North Carolina’s Outer Banks are used to test this idea: Core Banks, uninhabited and largely-undeveloped, and Hatteras Island, altered by the presence of a protective dune system. Findings indicate that for Core Banks, the alongshore change in the center of mass is in accord with dominate littoral transport and wind conditions. Cross-shore change agrees with independent estimates for the island migration rates. This lends credence to our assertion that the mass center metric has the potential to be a viable proxy for describing wholesale barrier migration and would be a valuable addition to the already-established ocean shoreline and subaerial volume metrics. More research is, however, required to demonstrate efficacy. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.3390/ijgi3010049 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 49-65 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84948740266&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - barrier islands KW - center of mass KW - geomorphology KW - geographic information systems (GISs) KW - GRASS KW - QGIS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tropical to extratropical: Marine environmental changes associated with Superstorm Sandy prior to its landfall AU - Zambon, Joseph B. AU - He, Ruoying AU - Warner, John C. T2 - GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - Abstract Superstorm Sandy was a massive storm that impacted the U.S. East Coast on 22–31 October 2012, generating large waves, record storm surges, and major damage. The Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport modeling system was applied to hindcast this storm. Sensitivity experiments with increasing complexity of air‐sea‐wave coupling were used to depict characteristics of this immense storm as it underwent tropical to extratropical transition. Regardless of coupling complexity, model‐simulated tracks were all similar to the observations, suggesting the storm track was largely determined by large‐scale synoptic atmospheric circulation, rather than by local processes resolved through model coupling. Analyses of the sea surface temperature, ocean heat content, and upper atmospheric shear parameters showed that as a result of the extratropical transition and despite the storm encountering much cooler shelf water, its intensity and strength were not significantly impacted. Ocean coupling was not as important as originally thought for Sandy. DA - 2014/12/28/ PY - 2014/12/28/ DO - 10.1002/2014gl061357 VL - 41 IS - 24 SP - 8935-8943 SN - 1944-8007 KW - Hurricane Sandy KW - landfall KW - air-sea-wave coupling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Special issue sediment dynamics and related biogeochemical effects in the Eastern China shelf seas preface AU - Gao, S. AU - Wang, H. J. AU - Liu, J. P. T2 - Continental Shelf Research DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 90 SP - 1-1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measurement of atmospheric oxygen using long-path supercontinuum absorption spectroscopy AU - Brown, David M. AU - Brown, Andrea M. AU - Edwards, Perry S. AU - Liu, Zhiwen AU - Philbrick, C. Russell T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING AB - The concentration of atmospheric oxygen is measured over a 540-m path using supercontinuum absorption spectroscopy. The absorption data compared favorably with MODTRAN™ 5 simulations of the spectra after adjusting for the differences of index of refraction of air and matching the instrument spectral resolution, as described by the effective slit width. Good agreement with the expected atmospheric oxygen concentration is obtained using a previously developed multiwavelength maximum likelihood estimation inversion algorithm. This study demonstrates the use of the SAS technique for measuring concentrations of chemical species with fine absorption structure on long-atmospheric paths. DA - 2014/9/3/ PY - 2014/9/3/ DO - 10.1117/1.jrs.8.083557 VL - 8 SP - SN - 1931-3195 KW - atmospheric species concentrations KW - supercontinuum laser KW - atmospheric differential absorption KW - differential absorption lidar KW - remote sensing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fluvial system development and subsequent marine transgression in Yellow River (Huanghe) delta and its adjacent sea regions during last glacial maximum to early Holocene AU - Zhou, L. Y. AU - Liu, J. AU - Saito, Y. AU - Liu, J. P. AU - Li, G. X. AU - Liu, Q. S. AU - Gao, M. S. AU - Qiu, J. D. T2 - Continental Shelf Research DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 90 SP - 117-132 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A simple animal model to learn the techniques of discrepancy vascular microanastomoses AU - Leclere, Franck Marie P. AU - Kolb, Frederic AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. AU - Casoli, Vincent AU - Vogelin, Esther T2 - PLASTIC SURGERY AB - AbstractBackgroundSince the pioneering work of Jacobson and Suarez, microsurgery has steadily progressed and is now used in all surgical specialities, particularly in plastic surgery. Before performing clinical procedures it is necessary to learn the basic techniques in the laboratory.ObjectiveTo assess an animal model, thereby circumventing the following issues: ethical rules, cost, anesthesia and training time.MethodsBetween July 2012 and September 2012, 182 earthworms were used for 150 microsurgical trainings to simulate discrepancy microanastomoses. Training was undertaken over 10 weekly periods. Each training session included 15 simulations of microanastomoses performed using the Harashina technique (earthworm diameters >1.5 mm [n=5], between 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm [n=5], and <1.0 mm [n=5]). The technique is presented and documented. A linear model with main variable as the number of the week (as a numeric covariate) and the size of the animal (as a factor) was used to determine the trend in time of anastomosis over subsequent weeks as well as differences between the different size groups.ResultsThe linear model showed a significant trend (P<0.001) in time of anastomosis in the course of the training, as well as significant differences (P<0.001) between the groups of animal of different sizes. For diameter >1.5 mm, mean anastomosis time decreased from 19.6±1.9 min to 12.6±0.7 min between the first and last week of training. For training involving smaller diameters, the results showed a reduction in execution time of 36.1% (P<0.01) (diameter between 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm) and 40.6% (P<0.01) (diameter <1.0 mm) between the first and last weeks. The study demonstrates an improvement in the dexterity and speed of nodes' execution.ConclusionThe earthworm appears to be a reliable experimental model for microsurgical training of discrepancy microanastomoses. Its numerous advantages, as discussed in the present report, show that this model of training will significantly grow and develop in the near future. RésuméIntroductionDepuis les premiers travaux de Jacobson et Suarez, la microchirurgie a considérablement évolué et celle-ci est devenue omniprésente en chirurgie plastique comme dans les autres spécialités chirurgicales. L'apprentissage au laboratoire des techniques de base est nécessaire avant d'envisager l'exécution de procédures cliniques. Dans cet article, nous avons évalué un modèle animal permettant de fournir une solution aux problèmes suivants: règles d'éthique, coût, anesthésie, temps nécessaire à la formation.Matériel et MéthodeEntre juillet et septembre 2012, 150 simulations de microanastomoses de vaisseaux incongruents par la technique d'Harashina ont été réalisées sur 182 Lumbricus terrestris. L'entrainement a été divisé en 10 périodes de 7 jours comprenant chacune 15 simulations de microanastomoses de vaisseaux incongruents, dont le plus petit diamètre était supérieur à 1,5 mm (n = 5), compris entre 1,0 mm et 1,5 mm (n = 5), ou inférieur à 1,0 mm (n = 5). Un modèle linéaire avec le numéro de la période comme variable principale et la taille de l'animal comme facteur étaient utilisés afin de déterminer la tendance de la durée d'exécution de l'exercice microchirurgical ainsi que les différences entre les sous-groupes de tailles différentes au cours des périodes d'apprentissages.RésultatsLe modèle linéaire montre une tendance significative (P < 0,001) à la réduction du temps opératoire durant le décours du training ainsi qu'une différence significative entre les groupes d'animaux de tailles différentes. Pour les microanastomoses de taille supérieure à 1,5 mm, le temps d'anastomose moyen est passé de 19,6±1,9 min à 12,6±0,7 min entre la première et la dernière semaine de formation (diminution de 35,7 %). Pour un training avec des vaisseaux de diamètre inférieur, les résultats montraient une diminution dans le temps d'exécution de 36,1 % (diamètre compris entre 1,0 mm et 1,5 mm) et 40,6 % (diamètre <1.0 mm) entre la première et la dernière semaine de training. L'étude montre également une nette amélioration de la dextérité et de la vitesse d'exécution des noeuds.ConclusionLumbricus terrestris est un modèle fiable pour la formation microchirurgicale. Les nombreux avantages que nous avons soulignés dans cette étude suggèrent que l'utilisation de ce modèle invertébré va considérablement se développer dans un avenir proche. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1177/229255031402200112 VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 30-33 SN - 2292-5511 KW - Earthworms KW - Experimental model KW - Microanastomoses KW - Microsurgery ER - TY - JOUR TI - The use of injectable alphaxalone as a single agent and in combination with ketamine, xylazine, and morphine in the Chilean rose tarantula, Grammostola rosea AU - Gjeltema, J. AU - Posner, L. P. AU - Stoskopf, M. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine AB - This study evaluated the use of the injectable anesthetic, alphaxalone, as a single agent and in combination with ketamine, xylazine, and morphine in the Chilean rose tarantula, Grammostola rosea. Between two and four animals were evaluated for each anesthetic protocol, and two unanesthetized animals were evaluated for comparative purposes. Anesthetic duration, depth, and quality were assessed by scoring responses to tactile and trichobothria stimulation, muscle tone, purposeful movement, righting response, and heart rate throughout each anesthetic event. Alphaxalone administered into the dorsal opisthosoma in the location of the heart at 200 mg/kg produced moderate anesthetic effect with a median duration of 28 min (n = 3; range 25-50). A combination of 200 mg/kg of alphaxalone and 20 mg/kg of ketamine induced a deep anesthetic state with a median anesthetic duration of 27 min (n = 4; range 16-42). The combination of 200 mg/kg of alphaxalone and 20 mg/kg of xylazine produced deep anesthesia with a median duration of 70 min (n = 4; range 37-207). Morphine administered at 5 mg/kg 30 min prior to injection with 200 mg/kg alphaxalone had anesthetic durations of 9 and 30 min (n = 2). Heartbeats could not be detected for periods of 7-27 min following anesthetic induction for the majority of animals receiving the alphaxalone/ketamine and alphaxalone/xylazine anesthetic combinations. No mortality was associated with any of the anesthetic protocols used; however, ambient temperature and ecdysis were identified as important factors that may alter response to anesthetics in these animals. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1638/2013-0223.1 VL - 45 IS - 4 SP - 792-801 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Selection, Characterization and Application of Nucleic Acid Aptamers for the Capture and Detection of Human Norovirus Strains AU - Escudero-Abarca, Blanca I. AU - Suh, Soo Hwan AU - Moore, Matthew D. AU - Dwivedi, Hari P. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis and an important cause of foodborne disease. Despite their public health significance, routine detection of HuNoV in community settings, or food and environmental samples, is limited, and there is a need to develop alternative HuNoV diagnostic reagents to complement existing ones. The purpose of this study was to select and characterize single-stranded (ss)DNA aptamers with binding affinity to HuNoV. The utility of these aptamers was demonstrated in their use for capture and detection of HuNoV in outbreak-derived fecal samples and a representative food matrix. SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) was used to isolate ssDNA aptamer sequences with broad reactivity to the prototype GII.2 HuNoV strain, Snow Mountain Virus (SMV). Four aptamer candidates (designated 19, 21, 25 and 26) were identified and screened for binding affinity to 14 different virus-like particles (VLPs) corresponding to various GI and GII HuNoV strains using an Enzyme-Linked Aptamer Sorbant Assay (ELASA). Collectively, aptamers 21 and 25 showed affinity to 13 of the 14 VLPs tested, with strongest binding to GII.2 (SMV) and GII.4 VLPs. Aptamer 25 was chosen for further study. Its binding affinity to SMV-VLPs was equivalent to that of a commercial antibody within a range of 1 to 5 µg/ml. Aptamer 25 also showed binding to representative HuNoV strains present in stool specimens obtained from naturally infected individuals. Lastly, an aptamer magnetic capture (AMC) method using aptamer 25 coupled with RT-qPCR was developed for recovery and detection of HuNoV in artificially contaminated lettuce. The capture efficiency of the AMC was 2.5–36% with an assay detection limit of 10 RNA copies per lettuce sample. These ssDNA aptamer candidates show promise as broadly reactive reagents for use in HuNoV capture and detection assays in various sample types. DA - 2014/9/5/ PY - 2014/9/5/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0106805 VL - 9 IS - 9 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - OYSTER-SPONGE INTERACTIONS AND BIOEROSION OF REEF-BUILDING SUBSTRATE MATERIALS: IMPLICATIONS FOR OYSTER RESTORATION AU - Dunn, Robert P. AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Lindquist, Niels T2 - JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH AB - Subtidal oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs constructed during in the mid 1990s in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, initially supported high densities of oysters; however, beginning around 2007, oyster density subsequently declined. Concurrent with the decline in oyster density was an increase in the prevalence of boring sponges (Cliona) on oysters and the underlying reef substrate material at these sites. The limestone marl substrate used to build these reefs became colonized by boring sponge to the degree that bioerosion by sponge potentially compromised the suitability of the reefs for oysters. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine whether oyster demographic rates of settlement, recruitment, growth, and mortality were affected by the presence of Cliona on underlying shell substrate. Oyster settlement on shells with varying levels of sponge was measured in the laboratory, and oyster recruitment, growth, and mortality in the presence and absence of sponge were measured in 2 estuaries in coastal North Carolina from 2011 to 2012. Potential alternative substrates for future reef restoration were tested in the field to determine their susceptibility to bioerosion by sponges. Substrates included 2 composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3; oyster shells and limestone marl) and 2 non-CaCO3 substrates (concrete and granite), because bioerosion by clionids target CaCO3. Surprisingly, no differences in oyster settlement, recruitment, growth, or mortality in the presence versus absence of Cliona were observed, suggesting that effects of the presence of sponge on oysters are either chronic rather than acute or are indirect and must act in concert with other oyster enemies. Notable patterns of sponge growth on the alternate substrates emerged; oyster shells were most susceptible to sponge growth, followed by marl, whereas concrete and granite were not susceptible to colonization by Cliona. Results from this study demonstrate the importance of having a strong understanding of the specific restoration methodology to be implemented, because the susceptibility of a substrate to bioerosion could have serious implications for reef longevity. Evidence is presented that consideration of the broader estuarine environment, including both biotic and abiotic factors, is vital when planning restoration actions, because the presence of Cliona was less important than the estuarine salinity gradient in altering oyster demographic rates and may shift the trajectories of restored reefs. DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.2983/035.033.0307 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 727-738 SN - 1943-6319 KW - oyster KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - restoration KW - clionid sponge KW - salinity KW - bioerosion KW - settlement KW - recruitment KW - growth KW - mortality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of temperature and prey size on predator-prey interactions between bluefish and bay anchovy AU - Morley, James W. AU - Buckel, Jeffrey A. T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY AB - Little is known about the behavioral responses of fishes at low temperatures. Of particular interest are predator–prey interactions because feeding at low temperature is necessary for the overwinter survival of many species. This experiment examined how low temperatures affect behavioral interactions between bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix L.) and two sizes of bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli V.) prey. Temperature had an effect on multiple responses of predator–prey encounters including the approach distance of bluefish towards prey, attack and escape speeds, and prey handling time. The reaction distance of prey was important in determining the outcome of an attack; anchovy reacting at a greater distance from an attacking bluefish escaped more often. However, temperature did not have an effect on either reaction distance or bluefish capture success. The influence of prey size depended on how capture success was defined. Bluefish ability at catching prey was not affected by anchovy size, but larger prey were ingested less frequently due to a greater incidence of prey being dropped in trials with large anchovy. Further, bluefish had greater difficulty handling and ingesting prey at lower temperatures, especially for larger prey. At the lowest temperature treatment small anchovy were readily consumed, but no attacks were made on larger prey. This shows that bluefish modify prey size-selectivity behavior based on temperature, which probably results from a perceived inability to handle and ingest large prey at low temperatures. These results suggest that at low winter temperatures bluefish are restricted to smaller prey. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1016/j.jembe.2014.08.023 VL - 461 SP - 449-457 SN - 1879-1697 KW - Bay anchovy KW - Bluefish KW - Capture success KW - Overwinter KW - Predation KW - Temperature ER - TY - JOUR TI - ALFAXALONE AS AN INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTABLE ANESTHETIC IN KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) AU - Bailey, Kate M. AU - Minter, Larry J. AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. AU - Harms, Craig A. AU - Griffith, Emily H. AU - Posner, Lysa P. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine AB - Fish are commonly anesthetized with MS-222 (tricaine methanesulfonate), a sodium-channel-blocker used as an immersion anesthetic, but its mechanism of action as a general anesthetic is uncertain. Alfaxalone is a neurosteroid that acts at the GABAA receptors. Alfaxalone has been evaluated and was deemed successful as an immersion agent in koi carp. Alfaxalone is an effective intramuscular anesthetic in multiple species. A reliable intramuscular anesthetic in fish would be useful in multiple settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate alfaxalone as an intramuscular injectable anesthetic agent in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Eight koi carp were utilized in a crossover design. In each trial, six fish received 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg of alfaxalone intramuscularly. They were assessed every 15 min for opercular rate and sedation score. The sedation score was based on a visual scale from 0 to 5, 0 indicating no response and 5 indicating absent righting reflex and anesthesia. Anesthetized koi were placed on a fish anesthesia delivery system (FADS). Time to anesthesia/recovery was recorded and heart rate was recorded every 15 min. Anesthesia was achieved in 0/6, 1/6, and 5/6 fish at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Duration of anesthesia for one fish at 5 mg/kg was 2 hr. At 10 mg/kg, median anesthesia duration was 6.5 (3–10) hr. At 10 mg/kg, prolonged apnea (2–3 hr) was observed in 3/6 fish, 2/3 died under anesthesia, and 1/3 recovered 10 hr post-injection. Median peak sedation scores were 1.5, 2.5, and 5, at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. A dosage of 10 mg/kg alfaxalone resulted in 33% mortality. The duration of anesthesia and opercular rate were unpredictable. Due to variation in response despite consistent conditions, as well as risk of mortality, intramuscular alfaxalone cannot be recommended for anesthesia in koi carp. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014/12// DO - 10.1638/2014-0056.1 VL - 45 IS - 4 SP - 852-858 J2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 1042-7260 1937-2825 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2014-0056.1 DB - Crossref KW - Alfaxalone KW - anesthesia KW - Cyprinus carpio KW - injectable KW - koi carp ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal changes in estuarine dissolved organic matter due to variable flushing time and wind-driven mixing events AU - Dixon, Jennifer L. AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Paerl, Hans W. AU - Peierls, Benjamin L. T2 - ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE AB - This study examined the seasonality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) sources and transformations within the Neuse River estuary (NRE) in eastern North Carolina between March 2010 and February 2011. During this time, monthly surface and bottom water samples were collected along the longitudinal axis of the NRE, ranging from freshwater to mesohaline segments. The monthly mean of all surface and bottom measurements made on collected samples was used to clarify larger physical mixing controls in the estuary as a whole. By comparing monthly mean trends in DOM and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) properties in surface and bottom waters during varying hydrological conditions, we found that DOM and CDOM quality in the NRE is controlled by a combination of discharge, wind speed, and wind direction. The quality of DOM was assessed using C:N ratios, specific ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm (SUVA254), the absorption spectral slope ratio (SR), and the humification (HIX) and biological (BIX) indices from fluorescence. The NRE reflects allochthonous sources when discharge and flushing time are elevated at which times SUVA254 and HIX increased relative to base flow. During periods of reduced discharge and long flushing times in the estuary, extensive autochthonous production modifies the quality of the DOM pool in the NRE. This was evidenced by falling C:N values, and higher BIX and SR values. Lastly, a combination of increased wind speed and shifts in wind direction resulted in benthic resuspension events of degraded, planktonic OM. Thus, the mean DOM characteristics in this shallow micro-tidal estuary can be rapidly altered during episodic mixing events on timescales of a few weeks. DA - 2014/12/5/ PY - 2014/12/5/ DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.10.013 VL - 151 SP - 210-220 SN - 1096-0015 KW - estuary KW - CDOM KW - DOM KW - discharge KW - flushing time KW - wind-driven mixing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physiologic and biochemical assessments of koi (Cyprinus carpio) following immersion in propofol AU - Oda, Ayako AU - Bailey, Kate M. AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. AU - Griffith, Emily H. AU - Posner, Lysa P. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - Abstract Objective —To determine efficacy of propofol as an immersion agent to induce general anesthesia in koi ( Cyprinus carpio ). Design —Prospective, crossover study. Animals —10 adult koi (mean ± SD weight, 325 ± 81 g). Procedures —Koi were exposed to each of 4 concentrations of propofol (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L) with a 1-week washout period between trials. In a subsequent trial, koi were anesthetized with propofol (5 mg/L) and anesthesia was maintained with propofol (3 mg/L) for 20 minutes. Response to a noxious stimulus was assessed by means of needle insertion into an epaxial muscle. Results —At a propofol concentration of 1 mg/L, koi were sedated but never anesthetized. At propofol concentrations of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L, mean ± SD anesthetic induction times were 13.4 ± 3.3, 3.8 ± 1.1, and 2.3 ± 0.9 minutes, respectively; mean recovery times were 12.9 ± 8.3, 11.0 ± 6.3, and 18.1 ± 13.0 minutes; mean heart rates were 57 ± 25, 30 ± 14, and 22 ± 14 beats/min; mean opercular rates were 58 ± 18, 68 ± 15, and 48 ± 22 beats/min; and 1 of 10, 2 of 10, and 0 of 10 fish responded to needle insertion. All fish recovered satisfactorily. Following 20 minutes of anesthesia, 2 fish had recovery times > 4 hours and 1 fish died. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Immersion in propofol at concentrations ≥ 2.5 mg/L induced general anesthesia in koi. Maintenance of anesthesia with propofol for 20 minutes was associated with prolonged recovery times in 2 of 9 and death in 1 of 9 koi. DA - 2014/12/1/ PY - 2014/12/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.245.11.1286 VL - 245 IS - 11 SP - 1286-1291 SN - 1943-569X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth and Mortality of Hatchery-Reared Striped Bass Stocked into Nonnatal Systems AU - Callihan, Jody L. AU - Godwin, Charlton H. AU - Dockendorf, Kevin J. AU - Buckel, Jeffrey A. T2 - NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AB - Abstract Cross‐stocking involves the use of fish from nonnatal sources to augment populations. This practice may not be effective, especially if fish from different populations are not well adapted to the environmental conditions of the areas intended for enhancement. Yet, the ecological consequences of cross‐stocking have received little attention, particularly in coastal environments. We used tag return data (1990–2010) from an ongoing stock enhancement program to compare the growth and mortality of hatchery‐reared Striped Bass Morone saxatilis of Roanoke River origin between their natal (Albemarle Sound estuary) and two nonnatal systems (Tar‐Pamlico and Neuse rivers) in North Carolina. Despite their Roanoke River origin, stocked juveniles exhibited high fidelity (>90%) to nonnatal systems and similarly high growth as in their natal habitat (von Bertalanffy K values were statistically similar among systems and ranged from 0.54 to 0.61). However, time‐at‐liberty estimators of total mortality ( Z ) indicated stocked Striped Bass experienced significantly higher mortality in nonnatal ( Z values, 0.48–0.51) versus natal ( Z = 0.33) systems. Therefore, while cross‐stocking may not contribute to stock rebuilding, it appeared to be an effective management tool for supporting local put‐and‐take fisheries for this recreationally and commercially important species. Received March 11, 2014; accepted July 16, 2014 DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1080/02755947.2014.951805 VL - 34 IS - 6 SP - 1131-1139 SN - 1548-8675 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Focusing Events in Disasters and Development AU - Birkland, Thomas A. AU - Warnement, Megan K. T2 - DISASTER AND DEVELOPMENT: EXAMINING GLOBAL ISSUES AND CASES DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-04468-2_3 SP - 39-60 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Collection and characterization of semen from Chilean rose tarantulas (Grammostola rosea) AU - Archibald, Kate E. AU - Minter, Larry J. AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. AU - Bailey, C. Scott T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH AB - Abstract Objective —To establish a nonterminal semen collection method for use in captive Chilean rose tarantulas ( Grammostola rosea ) and to evaluate tools for investigating morphology and viability of spermatozoa. Animals —7 mature male Chilean rose tarantulas. Procedures —Each tarantula was anesthetized in a 500-mL induction chamber containing a cotton ball infused with 2 mL of isoflurane. Semen collection was performed by applying direct pressure to the palpal bulbs (sperm storage organs) located on the distal segment of the palpal limbs. Morphology of spermatozoa was examined by light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Propidium iodide and a fluorescent membrane-permeant nucleic acid dye were used to evaluate cell viability. Results —Semen was collected successfully from all 7 tarantulas. Microscopic examination of semen samples revealed coenospermia (spherical capsules [mean ± SD diameter, 10.3 ± 1.6 μm] containing many nonmotile sperm cells [mean number of sperm cells/capsule, 18.5 ± 3.8]). Individual spermatozoa were characterized by a spiral-shaped cell body (mean length, 16.7 ± 1.4 μm; mean anterior diameter, 1.5 ± 0.14 μm). Each spermatozoon had no apparent flagellar structure. The fluorescent stains identified some viable sperm cells in the semen samples. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —The described technique allowed simple and repeatable collection of semen from Chilean rose tarantulas. Semen from this species was characterized by numerous spherical capsules containing many nonmotile spermatozoa in an apparently quiescent state. Fluorescent staining to distinguish live from dead spermatozoa appeared to be a useful tool for semen evaluation in this species. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.2460/ajvr.75.10.929 VL - 75 IS - 10 SP - 929-936 SN - 1943-5681 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microbiological analysis of environmental samples collected from child care facilities in North and South Carolina AU - Li, You AU - Fraser, Angela AU - Chen, , Xi AU - Cates, Sheryl AU - Wohlgenant, Kelly AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL AB - •Surface and care providers' hands from 40 child care facilities in North and South Carolina were subjected to microbiological analysis. •Overall, hands had higher microbial loads than surfaces. •Biotype I Escherichia coli was absent; pathogens Salmonella enterica, E coli O157, Campylobacter jejuni, and Shigella spp were also absent. •Four samples showed evidence of human norovirus contamination. •Results suggest that these facilities practiced good hygiene and sanitation. Background Children cared for outside the home are at an increased risk of enteric disease. Microbiological analyses were performed on environmental samples collected from child care facilities in North and South Carolina. Methods There were 326 samples collected from 40 facilities corresponding to common surfaces (77% of samples) and the hands of care providers (23% of samples). Samples were analyzed for total aerobic plate counts (APCs), total coliforms, biotype I Escherichia coli, and pathogens Shigella spp, Salmonella enterica, E coli O157, Campylobacter jejuni, and human norovirus. Results Median APCs and coliform counts for hands were 4.6 and 1.0 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) per hand, respectively. Median APCs for surfaces were 2.0 and 2.6 log10 CFU for flat and irregular surfaces, respectively. Coliforms were detected in 16% of samples, with counts ranging from 1.0 log10 to >4.3 log10 CFU, with higher counts most often observed for hand rinse samples. Biotype I E coli counts were below assay detection limits (<1 log10 CFU) for all but 1 sample. No samples were positive for any of the 4 bacterial pathogens, whereas 4 samples showed evidence of human norovirus RNA. Conclusion The relative absence of pathogens and biotype I E coli in environmental samples suggests the child care facilities sampled in this study managed fecal contamination well. Children cared for outside the home are at an increased risk of enteric disease. Microbiological analyses were performed on environmental samples collected from child care facilities in North and South Carolina. There were 326 samples collected from 40 facilities corresponding to common surfaces (77% of samples) and the hands of care providers (23% of samples). Samples were analyzed for total aerobic plate counts (APCs), total coliforms, biotype I Escherichia coli, and pathogens Shigella spp, Salmonella enterica, E coli O157, Campylobacter jejuni, and human norovirus. Median APCs and coliform counts for hands were 4.6 and 1.0 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) per hand, respectively. Median APCs for surfaces were 2.0 and 2.6 log10 CFU for flat and irregular surfaces, respectively. Coliforms were detected in 16% of samples, with counts ranging from 1.0 log10 to >4.3 log10 CFU, with higher counts most often observed for hand rinse samples. Biotype I E coli counts were below assay detection limits (<1 log10 CFU) for all but 1 sample. No samples were positive for any of the 4 bacterial pathogens, whereas 4 samples showed evidence of human norovirus RNA. The relative absence of pathogens and biotype I E coli in environmental samples suggests the child care facilities sampled in this study managed fecal contamination well. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014/10// DO - 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.06.030 VL - 42 IS - 10 SP - 1049-1055 SN - 1527-3296 KW - Childcare facilities KW - Day care KW - Environmental sampling KW - Microbiological indicators KW - Enteric pathogens ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metal oxyhydroxide dissolution as promoted by structurally diverse siderophores and oxalate AU - Akafia, Martin M. AU - Harrington, James M. AU - Bargar, John R. AU - Duckworth, Owen W. T2 - GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA AB - Siderophores, a class of biogenic ligands with high affinities for Fe(III), promote the dissolution of metal ions from sparingly soluble mineral phases. However, most geochemical studies have focused on quantifying the reactivity of DFOB, a model trishydroxamate siderophore. This study utilized three different siderophores, desferrioxamine B, rhizoferrin, and protochelin, with structures that contain the most commonly observed binding moieties of microbial siderophores to examine the siderophore-promoted dissolution rates of FeOOH, CoOOH, and MnOOH in the absence and presence of the ubiquitous low molecular mass organic acid oxalate by utilizing batch dissolution experiments at pH = 5–9. Metal-siderophore complex and total dissolved metal concentrations were monitored for durations of one hour to fourteen days, depending on the metal oxyhydroxide identity and solution pH. The results demonstrate that MnOOH and CoOOH generally dissolve more quickly in the presence of siderophores than FeOOH. Whereas FeOOH dissolved exclusively by a ligand-promoted dissolution mechanism, MnOOH and CoOOH dissolved predominantly by a reductive dissolution mechanism under most experimental conditions. For FeOOH, siderophore-promoted dissolution rates trended with the stability constant of the corresponding aqueous Fe(III) complex. In the presence of oxalate, measured siderophore-promoted dissolution rates were found to increase, decrease, or remain unchanged as compared to the observed rates in single-ligand systems, depending on the pH of the system, the siderophore present, and the identity of the metal oxyhydroxide. Increases in observed dissolution rates in the presence of oxalate were generally greater for FeOOH than for MnOOH or CoOOH. These results elucidate potential dissolution mechanisms of both ferric and non-ferric oxyhydroxide minerals by siderophores in the environment, and may provide further insights into the biological strategies of metal acquisition facilitated by coordinated exudation of low molecular weight organic acids and siderophores. DA - 2014/9/15/ PY - 2014/9/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.gca.2014.06.024 VL - 141 SP - 258-269 SN - 1872-9533 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84904861957&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydrodynamic characterization of Corpus Christi Bay through modeling and observation AU - Islam, Mohammad S. AU - Bonner, James S. AU - Edge, Billy L. AU - Page, Cheryl A. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.1007/s10661-014-3973-5 VL - 186 IS - 11 SP - 7863-7876 SN - 1573-2959 KW - Hydrodynamic model KW - Corpus Christi Bay KW - Stratification KW - Hypoxia KW - Real-time monitoring KW - High-frequency radar ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dynamical downscaling of climate change impacts on wind energy resources in the contiguous United States by using a limited-area model with scale-selective data assimilation AU - Liu, B. AU - Costa, K. B. AU - Xie, L. AU - Semazzi, F. H. M. T2 - Advances in Meteorology AB - By using a limited-area model (LAM) in combination with the scale-selective data assimilation (SSDA) approach, wind energy resources in the contiguous United States (CONUS) were downscaled from IPCC CCSM3 global model projections for both current and future climate conditions. An assessment of climate change impacts on wind energy resources in the CONUS region was then conducted. Based on the downscaling results, when projecting into future climate under IPCC’s A1B scenario, the average annual wind speed experiences an overall shift across the CONUS region. From the current climate to the 2040s, the average annual wind speed is expected to increase from 0.1 to 0.2 m s −1 over the Great Plains, Northern Great Lakes Region, and Southwestern United States located southwest of the Rocky Mountains. When projecting into the 2090s from current climate, there is an overall increase in the Great Plains Region and Southwestern United States located southwest of the Rockies with a mean wind speed increase between 0 and 0.1 m s −1 , while, the Northern Great Lakes Region experiences an even greater increase from current climate to 2090s than over the first few decades with an increase of mean wind speed from 0.1 to 0.4 m s −1 . DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1155/2014/897246 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tracing Temperature Patterns of Cut Leafy Greens during Service in North Carolina School Food Service AU - Thomas, Ellen M. AU - Chapman, Benjamin AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Phister, Trevor T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB - Contaminated fresh produce has been increasingly identified as a cause of foodborne illnesses. Because of concerns about pathogen growth on these food items at retail, the 2009 U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Code established that cut leafy greens (lettuce, spinach, spring mix, cabbage, arugula, and kale) must have time and temperature controls for safety and hence should be kept at refrigerated temperatures (5°C or lower). The purpose of this study was to determine the temperature profiles of cut leafy greens in single-serving clamshell containers provided as part of the North Carolina School Lunch Program and to compare the two policies that North Carolina has in place to control the temperature of these products (the 3-day rule and time in lieu of temperature). Temperatures were recorded with data loggers in 24 schools during a 3-day period. In all cases, substantial temperature variability was found for these products, including temperatures above 5°C for at least 1 h on each of the 3 days. In some cases, temperatures reached above 5°C for more than 3 h throughout the serving time. The results demonstrate the importance of developing a protocol for continuous temperature monitoring of leafy greens served in school lunch programs. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-121 VL - 77 IS - 9 SP - 1495-1500 SN - 1944-9097 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soundscape variation from a larval perspective: the case for habitat-associated sound as a settlement cue for weakly swimming estuarine larvae AU - Lillis, Ashlee AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. T2 - MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 509:57-70 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10917 Soundscape variation from a larval perspective: the case for habitat-associated sound as a settlement cue for weakly swimming estuarine larvae Ashlee Lillis*, David B. Eggleston, DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl Department of Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8208, USA *Corresponding author: aslillis@ncsu.edu ABSTRACT: Settlement is a critical phase in the life history of most benthic marine organisms and has important implications for their survival and reproductive success, and ultimately for population and community dynamics. Larval encounter with settlement habitats is likely facilitated through the use of habitat-specific physical and chemical cues, but the scales over which particular habitat-related environmental cues may operate are rarely measured. In Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA we used passively drifting acoustic recorders to measure the variation in habitat-related underwater sound, a potential broad-scale settlement cue, at spatiotemporal scales relevant to dispersing bivalve larvae in the estuary. Sound levels increased by up to 30 dB during passage over oyster reefs compared to off-reef soft bottom areas, and sound level fluctuations in the 2000 to 23000 Hz frequency range closely corresponded to the presence of oyster reef patches below drifters, indicating that sound characteristics could reliably provide a signal of benthic habitat type to planktonic larvae. Using these soundscape measurements and the known descent capabilities of oyster larvae, we demonstrate with a conceptual model that response to habitat-related sound cues is a feasible mechanism for enhanced larval encounter with settlement substrate. KEY WORDS: Soundscape ecology · Larval habitat cues · Acoustic patterns · Hydrophone drifters · Oyster reefs · Passive acoustics Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Lillis A, Eggleston DB, Bohnenstiehl DR (2014) Soundscape variation from a larval perspective: the case for habitat-associated sound as a settlement cue for weakly swimming estuarine larvae. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 509:57-70. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10917 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 509. Online publication date: August 27, 2014 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2014 Inter-Research. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.3354/meps10917 VL - 509 SP - 57-70 SN - 1616-1599 KW - Soundscape ecology KW - Larval habitat cues KW - Acoustic patterns KW - Hydrophone drifters KW - Oyster reefs KW - Passive acoustics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sedation and anesthesia of hatchling leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) for auditory evoked potential measurement in air and in water AU - Harms, Craig A. AU - Piniak, Wendy E. D. AU - Eckert, Scott A. AU - Stringer, Elizabeth M. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine AB - Sedation or anesthesia of hatchling leatherback sea turtles was employed to acquire auditory evoked potential (AEP) measurements in air and in water to assess their hearing sensitivity in relation to potential consequences from anthropogenic noise. To reduce artifacts in AEP collection caused by muscle movement, hatchlings were sedated with midazolam 2 or 3 mg/kg i.v. for in-air (n = 7) or in-water (n = 11) AEP measurements; hatchlings (n = 5) were anesthetized with ketamine 6 mg/kg and dexmedetomidine 30 microg/kg i.v. reversed with atipamezole 300 microg/kg, half i.m. and half i.v. for in-air AEP measurements. Midazolam-sedated turtles were also physically restrained with a light elastic wrap. For in-water AEP measurements, sedated turtles were brought to the surface every 45-60 sec, or whenever they showed intention signs for breathing, and not submerged again until they took a breath. Postprocedure temperature-corrected venous blood pH, pCO2, pO2, and HCO3- did not differ among groups, although for the midazolam-sedated in-water group, pCO2 trended lower, and in the ketamine-dexmedetomidine anesthetized group there was one turtle considered clinically acidotic (temperature-corrected pH = 7.117). Venous blood lactate was greater for hatchlings recently emerged from the nest than for turtles sedated with midazolam in air, with the other two groups falling intermediate between, but not differing significantly from the high and low lactate groups. Disruptive movements were less frequent with anesthesia than with sedation in the in-air group. Both sedation with midazolam and anesthesia with ketamine-dexmedetomidine were successful for allowing AEP measurements in hatchling leatherback sea turtles. Sedation allowed the turtle to protect its airway voluntarily while limiting flipper movement. Midazolam or ketamine-dexmedetomidine (and reversal with atipamezole) would be useful for other procedures requiring minor or major restraint in leatherback sea turtle hatchlings and other sea turtles, although variable susceptibilities may require dose adjustments. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1638/2013-0183r.1 VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 86-92 SN - 1042-7260 1937-2825 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2013-0183R.1 KW - Anesthesia KW - auditory evoked potential KW - Dermochelys coriacea KW - leatherback sea turtle KW - sedation ER - TY - JOUR TI - NEPHROLITHIASIS IN FREE-RANGING NORTH AMERICAN RIVEROTTER (LONTRA CANADENSIS) IN NORTH CAROLINA, USA AU - Niemuth, Jennifer N. AU - Sanders, Charles W. AU - Mooney, Charles B. AU - Olfenbuttel, Colleen AU - DePerno, Christopher S. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. T2 - JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE AB - The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) serves as an indicator species for environmental monitoring, is prized as a valuable furbearer, and is a popular display animal in zoologic collections. Nephrolithiasis has been reported as a frequent problem in other free-ranging and captive otter species but is rarely reported in North American river otters. In this study, we compared the prevalence of nephrolithiasis diagnosed using routine gross pathologic examination techniques with the use of computed tomography (CT) of excised kidneys. We also evaluated whether otter nephroliths could be accurately classified by their CT densities, and we examined the renal tissue uric acid concentrations in free-ranging otters in North Carolina, USA. Kidneys were collected from carcasses of legally trapped, free-ranging animals. Nephroliths were observed in 16.2% of the individuals (n = 229). Associations were found between age and nephrolith status and between capture location and nephrolith status (P = 0.026 and < 0.001, respectively). Computed tomography Hounsfield unit density measurements were not useful in determining nephrolith chemical composition in this study. Renal tissue uric acid concentrations were similar across genders, age groups, and stone status. The chemical composition of the nephroliths was determined by scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to be calcium phosphate in the carbonate form. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1638/2013-0135r2.1 VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 110-117 SN - 1937-2825 KW - Calcium phosphate KW - computed tomography KW - energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy KW - Lontra canadensis KW - nephrolith KW - North American river otter KW - uric acid ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of demography on spatial distribution: movement patterns of the Albemarle Sound-Roanoke River stock of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) in relation to their recovery AU - Callihan, Jody L. AU - Godwin, Charlton H. AU - Buckel, Jeffrey A. T2 - FISHERY BULLETIN DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.7755/fb.112.2-3.3 VL - 112 IS - 2-3 SP - 131-143 SN - 1937-4518 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Size-Selective Feeding in Captive and Free-Ranging Atlantic Bluefin Tuna AU - Butler, Christopher M. AU - Hanrahan, Brian AU - Buckel, Jeffrey A. AU - Rudershausen, Paul J. AU - Juanes, Francis AU - Smith, Joseph W. T2 - MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES AB - Abstract We examined size‐selective feeding in captive and free‐ranging Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus . For the captive study, Bluefin Tuna were maintained in a cylindrical net‐pen enclosure (30.5 m in diameter; 15.2 m deep) located 32.2 km offshore of Virginia. Tests of prey size selectivity by captive Bluefin Tuna were observed using underwater video. In free‐ranging Bluefin Tuna, size selection was examined by comparing the sizes of Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus found in stomach contents with the sizes of those collected during the fall purse‐seine fishery for Atlantic Menhaden off the North Carolina coast. Captive Bluefin Tuna selected larger prey when prey length : predator length ratios (PPRs) were less than 10%; however, size selectivity was not observed when the PPRs exceeded 10%. For free‐ranging Bluefin Tuna, PPRs were mostly greater than 10% (12.98 ± 0.06% [mean ± SE]), and there were no significant differences in length between Atlantic Menhaden from stomach contents and those from purse‐seine collections. The minimum and median sizes of Atlantic Menhaden prey increased with increasing predator size; however, the maximum size of Atlantic Menhaden prey did not change, indicating that the smallest Bluefin Tuna sampled could consume the largest Atlantic Menhaden. We conclude that the relatively small size of forage fishes commonly observed in Bluefin Tuna stomachs was likely due to the high abundance of these fishes in the environment rather than to active selection for small prey. Received August 29, 2013; accepted January 14, 2014 DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1080/19425120.2014.886644 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 81-88 SN - 1942-5120 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sanitation in classroom and food preparation areas in child-care facilities in North Carolina and South Carolina AU - Wohlgenant, K. C. AU - Cates, S. C. AU - Fraser, A. AU - Chapman, B. AU - Jaykus, L. A. AU - Chen, X. T2 - Journal of Environmental Health DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 77 IS - 4 SP - 20-27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lrp13 is a novel vertebrate lipoprotein receptor that binds vitellogenins in teleost fishes AU - Reading, Benjamin J. AU - Hiramatsu, Naoshi AU - Schilling, Justin AU - Molloy, Katelyn T. AU - Glassbrook, Norm AU - Mizuta, Hiroko AU - Luo, Wenshu AU - Baltzegar, David A. AU - Williams, Valerie N. AU - Todo, Takashi AU - Hara, Akihiko AU - Sullivan, Craig V. T2 - JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH AB - Transcripts encoding a novel member of the lipoprotein receptor superfamily, termed LDL receptor-related protein (Lrp)13, were sequenced from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and white perch (Morone americana) ovaries. Receptor proteins were purified from perch ovary membranes by protein-affinity chromatography employing an immobilized mixture of vitellogenins Aa and Ab. RT-PCR revealed lrp13 to be predominantly expressed in striped bass ovary, and in situ hybridization detected lrp13 transcripts in the ooplasm of early secondary growth oocytes. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed peak lrp13 expression in the ovary during early secondary growth. Quantitative mass spectrometry revealed peak Lrp13 protein levels in striped bass ovary during late-vitellogenesis, and immunohistochemistry localized Lrp13 to the oolemma and zona radiata of vitellogenic oocytes. Previously unreported orthologs of lrp13 were identified in genome sequences of fishes, chicken (Gallus gallus), mouse (Mus musculus), and dog (Canis lupus familiaris). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) lrp13 loci are discrete and share genomic synteny. The Lrp13 appears to function as a vitellogenin receptor and may be an important mediator of yolk formation in fishes and other oviparous vertebrates. The presence of lrp13 orthologs in mammals suggests that this lipoprotein receptor is widely distributed among vertebrates, where it may generally play a role in lipoprotein metabolism. Transcripts encoding a novel member of the lipoprotein receptor superfamily, termed LDL receptor-related protein (Lrp)13, were sequenced from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and white perch (Morone americana) ovaries. Receptor proteins were purified from perch ovary membranes by protein-affinity chromatography employing an immobilized mixture of vitellogenins Aa and Ab. RT-PCR revealed lrp13 to be predominantly expressed in striped bass ovary, and in situ hybridization detected lrp13 transcripts in the ooplasm of early secondary growth oocytes. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed peak lrp13 expression in the ovary during early secondary growth. Quantitative mass spectrometry revealed peak Lrp13 protein levels in striped bass ovary during late-vitellogenesis, and immunohistochemistry localized Lrp13 to the oolemma and zona radiata of vitellogenic oocytes. Previously unreported orthologs of lrp13 were identified in genome sequences of fishes, chicken (Gallus gallus), mouse (Mus musculus), and dog (Canis lupus familiaris). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) lrp13 loci are discrete and share genomic synteny. The Lrp13 appears to function as a vitellogenin receptor and may be an important mediator of yolk formation in fishes and other oviparous vertebrates. The presence of lrp13 orthologs in mammals suggests that this lipoprotein receptor is widely distributed among vertebrates, where it may generally play a role in lipoprotein metabolism. The LDL receptor (LDLR) gene family is comprised of different genes encoding membrane receptors involved in endocytosis of a variety of ligands, most notably plasma lipoproteins. Characterized members of this family in vertebrates include LDLR (1Yamamoto T. Davis C.G. Brown M.S. Schneider W.J. Casey M.L. Goldstein J.L. Russel D.W. The human LDL receptor: a cysteine-rich protein with multiple Alu sequences in its mRNA.Cell. 1984; 39: 27-38Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (979) Google Scholar), LDLR-related protein (LRP)1 (2Herz J. Hamann U. Rogne S. Myklebost O. Gausepohl H. Stanley K.K. Surface location and high affinity for calcium of a 500-kd liver membrane protein closely related to the LDL-receptor suggest a physiological role as lipoprotein receptor.EMBO J. 1988; 7: 4119-4127Crossref PubMed Scopus (738) Google Scholar), LRP2 (3Saito A. Pietromonaco S. Loo A.K. Farquhar M.G. Complete cloning and sequencing of rat gp330/“megalin,” a distinctive member of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1994; 91: 9725-9729Crossref PubMed Scopus (499) Google Scholar), LRP3 (4Ishii H. Kim D.H. Fujita T. Endo Y. Saeki S. Yamamoto T.T. cDNA cloning of a new low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and mapping of its gene (LRP3) to chromosome bands 19q12-q13.2.Genomics. 1998; 51: 132-135Crossref PubMed Scopus (38) Google Scholar), LRP4 (5Nakayama M. Nakajima D. Nagase T. Nomura N. Seki N. Ohara O. Identification of high-molecular-weight proteins with multiple EGF-like motifs by motif-trap screening.Genomics. 1998; 51: 27-34Crossref PubMed Scopus (151) Google Scholar), LRP5 (LRP7) (6Hey P.J. Twells R.C. Phillips M.S. Nakagawa Y. Brown S.D. Kawaguchi Y. Cox R. Xie G. Dugan V. Hammond H. et al.Cloning of a novel member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family.Gene. 1998; 216: 103-111Crossref PubMed Scopus (189) Google Scholar), LRP6 (7Brown S.D. Twells R.C. Hey P.J. Cox R.D. Levy E.R. Soderman A.R. Metzker M.L. Thomas C.T. Todd J.A. Hess J.F. Isolation and characterization of LRP6, a novel member of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1998; 248: 879-888Crossref PubMed Scopus (175) Google Scholar), LRP8 (8Kim D.H. Iijima H. Goto K. Sakai J. Ishii H. Kim H.J. Suzuki H. Kondo H. Saeki S. Yamamoto T. Human apolipoprotein E receptor 2. A novel lipoprotein receptor of the low density lipoprotein receptor family predominantly expressed in brain.J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 8373-8380Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (349) Google Scholar), LRP10 (LRP9) (9Sugiyama T. Kumagai H. Morikawa Y. Wada Y. Sugiyama A. Yasuda K. Yokoi N. Tamura S. Kojima T. Nosaka T. et al.A novel low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein mediating cellular uptake of apolipoprotein E-enriched beta-VLDL in vitro.Biochemistry. 2000; 39: 15817-15825Crossref PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar), sortilin-related receptor LR11 (10Jacobsen L. Madsen P. Moestrup S.K. Lund A.H. Tommerup N. Nykjaer A. Sottrup-Jensen L. Gliemannm J. Petersen C.M. Molecular characterization of a novel human hybrid-type receptor that binds the alpha2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein.J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 31379-31383Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (212) Google Scholar), LRP11 (GenBank: NP_116221), LRP12 (11Qing J. Wei D. Maher V.M. McCormick J.J. Cloning and characterization of a novel gene encoding a putative transmembrane protein with altered expression in some human transformed and tumor-derived cell lines.Oncogene. 1999; 18: 335-342Crossref PubMed Scopus (24) Google Scholar), and VLDL receptor (VLDLR) (12Takahashi S. Kawarabayasi Y. Nakai T. Sakai J. Yamamoto T. Rabbit very low density lipoprotein receptor: a low density lipoprotein receptor-like protein with distinct ligand specificity.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1992; 89: 9252-9256Crossref PubMed Scopus (478) Google Scholar) or vitellogenin receptor (Vtgr) (13Bujo H. Hermann M. Kaderli M.O. Jacobsen L. Sugawara S. Nimpf J. Yamamoto T. Schneider W.J. Chicken oocyte growth is mediated by an eight ligand binding repeat member of the LDL receptor family.EMBO J. 1994; 13: 5165-5175Crossref PubMed Scopus (217) Google Scholar, 14Davail B. Pakdel F. Bujo H. Perazzolo L.M. Waclawek M. Schneider W.J. Le Menn F. Evolution of oogenesis: the receptor for vitellogenin from the rainbow trout.J. Lipid Res. 1998; 39: 1929-1937Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar). These receptors typically consist of unique configurations of epidermal growth factor precursor, class b YWxD (LDLb), and O-linked sugar domains, which define their identities, and class A ligand binding (LDLa) repeats, which determine their particular ligand specificities. Exceptional receptors also contain complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1 (CUB) domains (i.e., LRP3, LRP10, LRP12) or motif at the N terminus with seven cysteines (MANEC) and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) domains (i.e., LRP11). With the exception of LRP4, LDLR family receptors are type I membrane proteins and all members contain transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Acanthomorph fishes express three distinct lipoprotein yolk precursors, vitellogenins (Vtgs) (VtgAa, VtgAb, and VtgC) (15Finn R.N. Kristoffersen B.A. Vertebrate vitellogenin gene duplication in relation to the “3R hypothesis”: correlation to the pelagic egg and the oceanic radiation of teleosts.PLoS ONE. 2007; 2: e169Crossref PubMed Scopus (173) Google Scholar, 16Reading B.J. Hiramatsu N. Sawaguchi S. Matsubara T. Hara A. Lively M.O. Sullivan C.V. Conserved and variant molecular and functional features of multiple egg yolk precursor proteins (vitellogenins) in white perch (Morone americana) and other teleosts.Mar. Biotechnol. (NY). 2009; 11: 169-187Crossref PubMed Scopus (67) Google Scholar). These Vtgs are produced by the liver, released into the circulatory system, and taken up specifically by growing oocytes via receptor-mediated endocytosis. We discovered four Vtgr proteins in white perch (Morone americana) ovary: a receptor greater than 212 kDa that binds only VtgAa (VtgAar), two receptors (116 kDa and 110.5 kDa) that preferentially bind VtgAb (VtgAbr), and a 150 kDa putative LDLR (pLDLR) that weakly and indiscriminately binds both VtgAa and VtgAb (17Reading B.J. Hiramatsu N. Sullivan C.V. Disparate binding of three types of vitellogenin to multiple forms of vitellogenin receptor in white perch.Biol. Reprod. 2011; 84: 392-399Crossref PubMed Scopus (38) Google Scholar). The VtgC does not bind ovary Vtgr proteins in this species. We reported the molecular identity of a white perch Vtgr that is orthologous to mammalian VLDLR (18Hiramatsu N. Chapman R.W. Lindzey J.K. Haynes M.R. Sullivan C.V. Molecular characterization and expression of vitellogenin receptor from white perch (Morone americana).Biol. Reprod. 2004; 70: 1720-1730Crossref PubMed Scopus (66) Google Scholar). This Vtgr is termed “Lr8−”, because it is a spliced variant gene transcript of vldlr that does not encode the O-linked sugar domain, as is characteristic of this form of Vldlr in fishes and chickens (19Bujo H. Lindstedt K.A. Hermann M. Dalmau L.M. Nimpf J. Schneider W.J. Chicken oocytes and somatic cells express different splice variants of a multifunctional receptor.J. Biol. Chem. 1995; 270: 23546-23551Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (90) Google Scholar, 20Prat F. Coward K. Sumpter J.P. Tyler C.R. Molecular characterization and expression of two ovarian lipoprotein receptors in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.Biol. Reprod. 1998; 58: 1146-1153Crossref PubMed Scopus (67) Google Scholar). Herein, we refer to these Vldlr forms as Lr8+ and Lr8−, based on the presence or absence of the O-linked sugar domain, respectively. We have suggested that white perch Lr8− corresponds to one or both VtgAbr proteins based on the predicted molecular mass of the protein and on prior reports of fish and chicken Lr8− (17Reading B.J. Hiramatsu N. Sullivan C.V. Disparate binding of three types of vitellogenin to multiple forms of vitellogenin receptor in white perch.Biol. Reprod. 2011; 84: 392-399Crossref PubMed Scopus (38) Google Scholar). However, the molecular identity of VtgAar remains unclear. Here, we describe the structure, expression, subcellular localization, and Vtg-binding properties of a novel lipoprotein receptor named ‘Lrp13‘ that corresponds to VtgAar and show that the Lr8− corresponds to the VtgAbr. All experiments were conducted according to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (21National Research Council (US) Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory AnimalsGuide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 8th edition. National Academies Press, Washington, DC2011Google Scholar) and the procedures were approved by the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. White perch (weight 425 ± 113 g; total length 265 ± 25 mm; all values are reported as mean ± standard deviation) were reared at NCSU (Raleigh, NC). Blood plasma was sampled from male white perch injected with estradiol-17β, as described previously (22Heppell S.A. Jackson L.F. Weber G.M. Sullivan C.V. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of vitellogenin in temperate basses (genus Morone): plasma and in vitro analyses.Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 1999; 128: 532-541Crossref Scopus (22) Google Scholar), for purification of Vtgs. Ovaries were excised from vitellogenic white perch (n = 3; maximum oocyte diameter 536–552 μm) (23Jackson L.F. Sullivan C.V. Reproduction of white perch (Morone americana): the annual gametogenic cycle.Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 1995; 124: 563-577Crossref Google Scholar), for preparation of ovary membranes. Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) were reared at the NCSU Pamlico Aquaculture Field Laboratory (Aurora, NC). Ovary tissues from striped bass (n = 3) were collected by dissection or biopsy using a plastic cannula inserted through the urogenital pore at four time points: August (weight 1.90 ± 0.61 kg; total length 512 ± 18.0 mm), November (3.80 ± 0.14 kg; 625 ± 6.0 mm), February (4.40 ± 0.94 kg; 626 ± 46.6 mm), and April (4.54 ± 1.37 kg; 663 ± 74.5 mm). The most advanced oocytes during these time points represented one of four oocyte growth stages (24Reading B.J. Williams V.N. Chapman R.W. Williams T.I. Sullivan C.V. Dynamics of the striped bass (Morone saxatilis) ovary proteome reveal a complex network of the translasome.J. Proteome Res. 2013; 12: 1691-1699Crossref PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar): early secondary growth (ESG, oocyte diameter 310 ± 21.8 μm), mid-vitellogenic growth (MVG, 503 ± 60.1 μm), late-vitellogenic growth (LVG, 831 ± 276 μm), and post-vitellogenic growth (PVG, 986 ± 33.0 μm), respectively. Ovary and liver samples were preserved in RNALater (Ambion, Austin, TX) for real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Ovary tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen for quantitative tandem mass spectrometry. Ovary tissue from MVG and LVG striped bass was fixed for in situ hybridization in 0.2 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 4% paraformaldehyde, and for immunohistochemistry in Bouin's solution (Sigma, Saint Louis, MO). Brain, heart, liver, ovary, foregut, muscle, and adipose from MVG striped bass were preserved in RNALater for semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Primers (SB618 F1 and SB618 R1; see supplementary Table I for all primer sequences used in this study) were designed for striped bass contig 00618 (25Reading B.J. Chapman R.W. Schaff J.E. Scholl E.H. Opperman C.H. Sullivan C.V. An ovary transcriptome for all maturational stages of the striped bass (Morone saxatilis), a highly advanced perciform fish.BMC Res. Notes. 2012; 5: 111Crossref PubMed Scopus (45) Google Scholar). All DNA oligos were designed with Mac Vector (Accelrys Software, San Diego, CA) and obtained from Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA). Products were cloned from a Stratagene Uni-Zap XR cDNA library (La Jolla, CA) constructed from pooled white perch ovaries (18Hiramatsu N. Chapman R.W. Lindzey J.K. Haynes M.R. Sullivan C.V. Molecular characterization and expression of vitellogenin receptor from white perch (Morone americana).Biol. Reprod. 2004; 70: 1720-1730Crossref PubMed Scopus (66) Google Scholar), and those from four colonies were bi-directionally sequenced according to our prior studies (16Reading B.J. Hiramatsu N. Sawaguchi S. Matsubara T. Hara A. Lively M.O. Sullivan C.V. Conserved and variant molecular and functional features of multiple egg yolk precursor proteins (vitellogenins) in white perch (Morone americana) and other teleosts.Mar. Biotechnol. (NY). 2009; 11: 169-187Crossref PubMed Scopus (67) Google Scholar). Total RNA was extracted from pooled white perch ovaries using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) (25Reading B.J. Chapman R.W. Schaff J.E. Scholl E.H. Opperman C.H. Sullivan C.V. An ovary transcriptome for all maturational stages of the striped bass (Morone saxatilis), a highly advanced perciform fish.BMC Res. Notes. 2012; 5: 111Crossref PubMed Scopus (45) Google Scholar) and 3′ and 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) were performed using FirstChoice RLM-RACE kit (Ambion). Primers for 5′RACE (WP618 R1 O and WP618 R1 N) and 3′RACE (WP618 F1 O, SB618 F0 O, WP618 F1 N, WP618 F2 N, and WP618 F3 N) with the suffix “O” or “N” were paired with outer and inner RACE primers, respectively. Sequences were assembled using MacVector and polypeptide domains were characterized using SMART (26Letunic I. Doerks T. Bork P. SMART 7: recent updates to the protein domain annotation resource.Nucleic Acids Res. 2012; 40: D302-D305Crossref PubMed Scopus (1301) Google Scholar). Eukaryotic Linear Motif (27Gould C.M. Diella F. Via A. Puntervoll P. Gemünd C. Chabanis-Davidson S. Michael S. Sayadi A. Bryne J.C. Chica C. et al.ELM: the status of the eukaryotic linear motif resource.Nucleic Acids Res. 2010; 38: D167-D180Crossref PubMed Scopus (208) Google Scholar) was used to identify putative functional motifs within the polypeptide domains. The NCBI databases were queried for lrp13 orthologs and Lrp13 polypeptide sequences were collected from fishes, birds, and mammals along with sequences of other representative lipoprotein receptors. Sequences were aligned by ClustalW (28Thompson J.D. Higgins D.G. Gibson T.J. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice.Nucleic Acids Res. 1994; 22: 4673-4680Crossref PubMed Scopus (55720) Google Scholar) to generate a dendrogram. Synteny of lrp13 and vldlr (lr8) were compared using zebrafish (Danio rerio) chromosome 5_9,505,781-9,678,348 and chromosome 10_15,283,756-15,333,718 (v. Zv9) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) scaffold GL831141.1_3,169,873-3,288,125 (reverse complemented) and scaffold GL831199.1_1,600,394-1,676,338 (v. Orenil1.0) available from Ensembl (29Flicek P. Amode M.R. Barrell D. Beal K. Brent S. Carvalho-Silva D. Clapham P. Coates G. Fairley S. Fitzgerald S. et al.Ensembl 2012.Nucleic Acids Res. 2012; 40: D84-D90Crossref PubMed Scopus (768) Google Scholar). A mixture of VtgAa and VtgAb (VtgAa/b) was purified according to our studies (17Reading B.J. Hiramatsu N. Sullivan C.V. Disparate binding of three types of vitellogenin to multiple forms of vitellogenin receptor in white perch.Biol. Reprod. 2011; 84: 392-399Crossref PubMed Scopus (38) Google Scholar, 30Hiramatsu N. Matsubara T. Hara A. Donato D.M. Hiramatsu K. Denslow N.D. Sullivan C.V. Identification, purification and classification of three forms of vitellogenin from white perch (Morone americana).Fish Physiol. Biochem. 2002; 26: 355-370Crossref Scopus (63) Google Scholar) and 20 mg of VtgAa/b was coupled to an equal volume (12 ml) of Affi-Gel 15 activated immunoaffinity support (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) following procedures adapted from Roehrkasten et al. (31Roehrkasten A. Ferenz H. Buschmann-Gebhardt B. Hafer J. Isolation of the vitellogenin-binding protein from locust ovaries.Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 1989; 10: 141-149Crossref Scopus (37) Google Scholar). Affinity medium was poured into a 25 mm internal diameter column (12 ml) and the chromatography system was initialized with 10 column volumes of coupling buffer [20 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM CaCl2 (pH 7.4)] and equilibrated with 10 column volumes of binding buffer [20 mM Tris-HCl, 2 mM CaCl2, and 150 mM NaCl (pH 8.0), containing 1 mM phenylmethyl-sulfonyl fluoride and 4 IU/l aprotinin] at 4°C. Solubilized membrane proteins prepared from 25 g of vitellogenic white perch ovaries, according to our studies (17Reading B.J. Hiramatsu N. Sullivan C.V. Disparate binding of three types of vitellogenin to multiple forms of vitellogenin receptor in white perch.Biol. Reprod. 2011; 84: 392-399Crossref PubMed Scopus (38) Google Scholar, 32Hiramatsu N. Hara A. Hiramatsu K. Fukada H. Weber G.M. Denslow N.D. Sullivan C.V. Vitellogenin-derived yolk proteins of white perch, Morone americana: purification, characterization and vitellogenin-receptor binding.Biol. Reprod. 2002; 67: 655-667Crossref PubMed Scopus (82) Google Scholar), were recycled through the affinity media for 4.5 h at 4°C (1.0 ml/min flow rate). The column was washed with 15 vol of binding buffer at 4°C and buffer in the top reservoir was decanted and replaced with elution buffer [20 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM suramin, 5 mM EDTA, 150 mM NaCl (pH 6.0)]. The column was equilibrated for 30 min at 4°C before eluting proteins with 5 vol of elution buffer. Fractions were collected and assayed for protein concentration using a BCA protein assay kit (Pierce, Rockford, IL) and a Bio-Rad 3550 microplate reader. Peak fractions were pooled and concentrated to 100 μg protein/ml with a Centricon YM-30 (Millipore, Billerica, MA). Affinity purified Vtgrs diluted 1:1 in Laemmli buffer were electrophoresed through 5% acrylamide precast Tris-HCl Ready Gels, as we described (17Reading B.J. Hiramatsu N. Sullivan C.V. Disparate binding of three types of vitellogenin to multiple forms of vitellogenin receptor in white perch.Biol. Reprod. 2011; 84: 392-399Crossref PubMed Scopus (38) Google Scholar), and stained with Silver Stain Plus (Bio-Rad). Aliquots of solubilized ovary membrane proteins, affinity purified Vtgrs, and purified VtgAa/b were processed for LC-ESI-MS/MS using an LTQ linear ion trap mass spectrometer (Thermo, San Jose, CA) at the NCSU Genomic Sciences Laboratory (Raleigh, NC). Samples were analyzed in quadruplicate and ion fragmentation spectra were queried by MASCOT (Matrix Science, Boston, MA) against white perch VtgAa, VtgAb, VtgC (16Reading B.J. Hiramatsu N. Sawaguchi S. Matsubara T. Hara A. Lively M.O. Sullivan C.V. Conserved and variant molecular and functional features of multiple egg yolk precursor proteins (vitellogenins) in white perch (Morone americana) and other teleosts.Mar. Biotechnol. (NY). 2009; 11: 169-187Crossref PubMed Scopus (67) Google Scholar), white perch Lr8− (18Hiramatsu N. Chapman R.W. Lindzey J.K. Haynes M.R. Sullivan C.V. Molecular characterization and expression of vitellogenin receptor from white perch (Morone americana).Biol. Reprod. 2004; 70: 1720-1730Crossref PubMed Scopus (66) Google Scholar), and the translated striped bass ovary transcriptome (24Reading B.J. Williams V.N. Chapman R.W. Williams T.I. Sullivan C.V. Dynamics of the striped bass (Morone saxatilis) ovary proteome reveal a complex network of the translasome.J. Proteome Res. 2013; 12: 1691-1699Crossref PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar, 25Reading B.J. Chapman R.W. Schaff J.E. Scholl E.H. Opperman C.H. Sullivan C.V. An ovary transcriptome for all maturational stages of the striped bass (Morone saxatilis), a highly advanced perciform fish.BMC Res. Notes. 2012; 5: 111Crossref PubMed Scopus (45) Google Scholar). A portion of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) CtLR13+1 (Lrp13) (33Hiramatsu N. Luo W. Reading B.J. Sullivan C.V. Mizuta H. Ryu Y-W. Nishimiya O. Todo T. Hara A. Multiple ovarian lipoprotein receptors in teleosts.Fish Physiol. Biochem. 2013; 39: 29-32Crossref PubMed Scopus (26) Google Scholar) was cloned into pET302/NT-His expression vector (Invitrogen) using In-Fusion Advantage PCR cloning kit (Clontech, Mountain View, CA) and primers CtLR13+1F and CtLR13+1R. Recombinant CtLR13+1 His-fusion proteins were expressed in Rosetta-gami B (DE3) pLysS (Novagen, Madison, WI) and recovered using BugBuster protein extraction reagent and Ni-charged His-Bind resin chromatography (Novagen). Superdex 200 gel purified recombinant CtLR13+1 was used to raise polyclonal α-CtLrp13 in rabbit as described by Hong et al. (34Hong L. Fujita T. Wada T. Amano H. Hiramatsu N. Zhang X. Todo T. Hara A. Choriogenin and vitellogenin in red lip mullet (Chelon haematocheilus): purification, characterization, and evaluation as potential biomarkers for detecting estrogenic activity.Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2009; 149: 9-17Crossref PubMed Scopus (21) Google Scholar). Synthetic white perch Lrp13 peptides (CSLGYSGDSCQDHLLKT and TTLNESSQLRNLATQDC) and Lr8− peptides (CRPEANVSTSIQVDSTARGSA and CSVDLNGDNRKKVLQS) were used to raise polyclonal α-WpLrp13 and α-WpLr8− in chickens (GeneTel Laboratories, Madison, WI). Solubilized white perch ovary membrane proteins were separated by electrophoresis through 7.5 and 5% acrylamide precast Tris-HCl ready gels and subjected to ligand blotting with digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled VtgAa/b or Western blotting with α-WpLrp13 or α-WpLr8− at 1:10,000, as we previously described (17Reading B.J. Hiramatsu N. Sullivan C.V. Disparate binding of three types of vitellogenin to multiple forms of vitellogenin receptor in white perch.Biol. Reprod. 2011; 84: 392-399Crossref PubMed Scopus (38) Google Scholar, 35Mizuta H. Luo W. Ito Y. Mushiroba Y. Todo T. Hara A. Reading B.J. Sullivan C.V. Hiramatsu N. Ovarian expression and localization of vitellogenin receptor with eight ligand binding repeats in the cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki).Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. 2013; 166: 81-90Crossref PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar). Primers were designed for striped bass lrp13 (SB618For1 and SB618Rev1) and ribosomal protein L9 (rpl9) [contig 10830 (25Reading B.J. Chapman R.W. Schaff J.E. Scholl E.H. Opperman C.H. Sullivan C.V. An ovary transcriptome for all maturational stages of the striped bass (Morone saxatilis), a highly advanced perciform fish.BMC Res. Notes. 2012; 5: 111Crossref PubMed Scopus (45) Google Scholar)] (RPl9For and RPl9Rev). The quality of total RNA extracted from brain, heart, liver, ovary, foregut, muscle, and adipose tissue was evaluated by NanoDrop ND-1000 (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE) OD260/OD280 and OD260/OD230 and agarose electrophoresis. Extracts were treated with DNA-Free (Applied Biosystems, Grand Island, NY) and cDNA was synthesized using SuperScript First-Strand synthesis system (Invitrogen). Amplifications were performed using PCR SuperMix (Invitrogen) and no template and no reverse transcription controls were incorporated into the assay. Primers for lr8− variant of vldlr (SBLR8For and SBLR8Rev) and lrp13 (SBLRX+1For and SBLRX+1Rev) were designed from striped bass contigs 04238 and 00618 (25Reading B.J. Chapman R.W. Schaff J.E. Scholl E.H. Opperman C.H. Sullivan C.V. An ovary transcriptome for all maturational stages of the striped bass (Morone saxatilis), a highly advanced perciform fish.BMC Res. Notes. 2012; 5: 111Crossref PubMed Scopus (45) Google Scholar). Priming sites of low complementarity between these striped bass contig sequences were chosen to ensure primer specificity. Total ovary and liver RNA was extracted and evaluated as described above and cDNA was synthesized with a high capacity cDNA synthesis kit (Applied Biosystems). Absolute real-time quantitative PCR assays were performed as previously described (36Tipsmark C.K. Baltzegar D.A. Ozden O. Grubb B.J. Borski R.J. Salinity regulates claudin mRNA and protein expression in the teleost gill.Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2008; 294: R1004-R1014Crossref PubMed Scopus (74) Google Scholar, 37Williams V.N. Reading B.J. Amano H. Hiramatsu N. Schilling J. Salger S.A. Islam Williams T. Gross K. Sullivan C.V. Proportional accumulation of yolk proteins derived from multiple vitellogenins is precisely regulated during vitellogenesis in striped bass (Morone saxatilis).J. Exp. Zool. A Ecol. Genet. Physiol. 2014; 321: 301-315Crossref PubMed Scopus (36) Google Scholar) using Brilliant II SYBR Green QPCR Master Mix (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). Samples were measured in triplicate using a 7300 real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems) and gene expression was reported as copy number calculated from serially diluted plasmid DNA standard curves. Picha and colleagues (38Picha M.E. Silverstein J.T. Borski R.J. Discordant regulation of hepatic IGF-I mRNA and circulating IGF-I during compensatory growth in a teleost, the hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis).Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 2006; 147: 196-205Crossref PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar, 39Picha M.E. Turano M.J. Tipsmark C.K. Borski R.J. Regulation of endocrine and paracrine sources of Igfs and Gh receptor during compensatory growth in hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops X Morone saxatilis).J. Endocrinol. 2008; 199: 81-94Crossref PubMed Scopus (84) Google Scholar) show that normalization of target RNA to total RNA shows similar results to that for normalization to 18S RNA in hybrid striped bass, and we also show this trend when normalization of target RNA to total RNA is compared with normalization to ribosomal protein L9 in striped bass (37Williams V.N. Reading B.J. Amano H. Hiramatsu N. Schilling J. Salger S.A. Islam Williams T. Gross K. Sullivan C.V. Proportional accumulation of yolk proteins derived from multiple vitellogenins is precisely regulated during vitellogenesis in striped bass (Morone saxatilis).J. Exp. Zool. A Ecol. Genet. Physiol. 2014; 321: 301-315Crossref PubMed Scopus (36) Google Scholar). Therefore, we used total RNA for normalization of lr8− and lrp13 gene expression. Melting curve analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed to verify primer specificity and no template and no reverse transcription controls were employed in the assay. DIG-labeled antisense and sense RNA probes were prepared by in vitro transcription of striped bass lrp13 using primers SB618ishF and SB618ishR (Roche, Indianapolis, IN). In situ hybridization of DIG-labeled probes was performed for 40 h at 65°C according to our previous report (40Luo W. Ito Y. Mizuta H. Massaki K. Hiramatsu N. Todo T. Reading B.J. Sullivan C.V. Hara A. Molecular cloning and partial characterization of an ovarian receptor with seven ligand binding repeats, an orthologue of low-density lipoprotein receptor, in the cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki).Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 2013; 166: 263-271Crossref PubMed Scopus (18) Google Scholar). Sections were photographed using a DXM1200F camera cou DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.1194/jlr.m050286 VL - 55 IS - 11 SP - 2287-2295 SN - 1539-7262 KW - affinity purification KW - egg KW - endocytosis KW - oocyte KW - oogenesis KW - ovary KW - vitellogenesis KW - very low density lipoprotein receptor KW - yolk KW - low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investigation of hurricane Ivan using the coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) model AU - Zambon, Joseph B. AU - He, Ruoying AU - Warner, John C. T2 - OCEAN DYNAMICS DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014/11// DO - 10.1007/s10236-014-0777-7 VL - 64 IS - 11 SP - 1535-1554 SN - 1616-7228 KW - Coupled modeling KW - Hurricane KW - Ocean dynamics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Increasing Mississippi river discharge throughout the 21st century influenced by changes in climate, land use, and atmospheric CO2 AU - Tao, Bo AU - Tian, Hanqin AU - Ren, Wei AU - Yang, Jia AU - Yang, Qichun AU - He, Ruoying AU - Cai, Weijun AU - Lohrenz, Steven T2 - GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that changes in temperature and precipitation (hereafter climate change) would influence river discharge, but the relative importance of climate change, land use, and elevated atmospheric CO 2 have not yet been fully investigated. A process‐based projection for the Mississippi River basin suggests that river discharge would be substantially enhanced (10.7–59.8%) by the 2090s compared to the recent decade (2000s), although large discrepancies exist among different climate, atmospheric CO 2 , and land use change scenarios. Our factorial analyses further indicate that the combined effects of land use change and human‐induced atmospheric CO 2 elevation on river discharge would outweigh climate change effect under the high‐emission scenario (A2) of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, while climate change would still play the dominant role under the low‐emission scenario (B1). This study highlights the important role of anthropogenic factors in influencing future hydrological processes and water resources. DA - 2014/7/28/ PY - 2014/7/28/ DO - 10.1002/2014gl060361 VL - 41 IS - 14 SP - 4978-4986 SN - 1944-8007 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hydroacoustic investigation of submarine landslides at West Mata volcano, Lau Basin AU - Caplan-Auerbach, J. AU - Dziak, R. P. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D. R. AU - Chadwick, W. W. AU - Lau, T. -K. T2 - GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - Abstract Submarine landslides are an important process in volcano growth yet are rarely observed and poorly understood. We show that landslides occur frequently in association with the eruption of West Mata volcano in the NE Lau Basin. These events are identifiable in hydroacoustic data recorded between ~5 and 20 km from the volcano and may be recognized in spectrograms by the weak and strong powers at specific frequencies generated by multipathing of sound waves. The summation of direct and surface‐reflected arrivals causes interference patterns in the spectrum that change with time as the landslide propagates. Observed frequencies are consistent with propagation down the volcano's north flank in an area known to have experienced mass wasting in the past. These data allow us to estimate the distance traveled by West Mata landslides and show that they travel at average speeds of ~10–25 m/s. DA - 2014/8/28/ PY - 2014/8/28/ DO - 10.1002/2014gl060964 VL - 41 IS - 16 SP - 5927-5934 SN - 1944-8007 KW - West Mata KW - hydroacoustic KW - landslide ER - TY - JOUR TI - Air–sea interactions during strong winter extratropical storms AU - Nelson, Jill AU - He, Ruoying AU - Warner, John C. AU - Bane, John T2 - Ocean Dynamics DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1007/s10236-014-0745-2 VL - 64 IS - 9 SP - 1233-1246 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Numerical Investigation of the Precipitation over Lake Victoria Basin Using a Coupled Atmosphere-Lake Limited-Area Model AU - Sun, Xia AU - Xie, Lian AU - Semazzi, Fredrick H. M. AU - Liu, Bin T2 - ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY AB - By using a coupled atmosphere-lake model, which consists of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), the present study generated realistic lake surface temperature (LST) over Lake Victoria and revealed the prime importance of LST on the precipitation pattern over the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB). A suite of sensitivity experiments was conducted for the selection of an optimal combination of physics options including cumulus, microphysics, and planetary boundary layer schemes for simulating precipitation over the LVB. The WRF-POM coupled system made a great performance on simulating the expected LST, which is featured with eastward temperature gradient as in the real bathymetry of the lake. Under thorough examination of diagnostic analysis, a distinguished diurnal phenomenon has been unveiled. The precipitation mainly occurs during the nocturnal peak between midnight and early in the morning, which is associated with the strong land breeze circulation, when the lake temperature is warmer than the adjacent land. Further exploration of vertical velocity, surface divergence pattern, and maximum radar reflectivity confirms such conjecture. The time-longitude analysis of maximum radar reflectivity over the entire lake also shows a noticeable pattern of dominating westward propagation. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1155/2014/960924 VL - 2014 SP - SN - 1687-9317 ER - TY - JOUR TI - pH-induced flocculation, indirect electrocoagulation, and hollow fiber filtration techniques for harvesting the saltwater microalga Dunaliella AU - Mixson, Stephanie M. AU - Stikeleather, Larry F. AU - Simmons, Otto D., III AU - Wilson, Cameron W. AU - Burkholder, JoAnn M. T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1007/s10811-013-0232-z VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 1701-1709 SN - 1573-5176 KW - Biofuel KW - Dunaliella KW - pH-induced flocculation KW - Electrocoagulation KW - Fatty acids (FAs) KW - Hollow fiber filtration KW - Lipids ER - TY - JOUR TI - Physicochemical effects on dissolved organic matter fluorescence in natural waters AU - Osburn, C. L. AU - Del Vecchio, R. AU - Boyd, T. J. T2 - Aquatic organic matter fluorescence DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// SP - 233-277 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optical and chemical characterization of base-extracted particulate organic matter in coastal marine environments AU - Brym, Adeline AU - Paerl, Hans W. AU - Montgomery, Michael T. AU - Handsel, Lauren T. AU - Ziervogel, Kai AU - Osburn, Christopher L. T2 - MARINE CHEMISTRY AB - Absorbance and fluorescence measurements were measured on base-extracted particulate organic matter (BEPOM) to examine POM biogeochemistry in coastal marine environments. BEPOM trends from August 2011–September 2012 in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE) were compared against single sampling events in Charleston Harbor (CHS) and the inner Louisiana–Texas Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) in July 2011 and July 2012, respectively. Spectral slope values, S275–295, and the ratio of spectral slopes, SR values, were mainly influenced by distinct structure in the UV-B region of BEPOM absorption spectra, which was similar to prior laboratory work on autochthonous, planktonic sources of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). A PARAFAC model with five components was fit to BEPOM excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence data. Excitation and emission spectra of the five components were similar to those found for dissolved organic matter (DOM) in other coastal environments, with two components attributed to planktonic sources and two components attributed to terrestrial (humic) sources. A fifth component was attributed to microbial humic substances. Principle components analysis of PARAFAC results separated autochthonous, planktonic components from allochthonous, terrestrial components and explained > 70% of the variance in the data. Surface water stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values of BEPOM from the NRE and CHS ranged from − 29 to − 23‰, with most enriched values occurring synchronous with high Chl-a concentrations, and indicating that enriched δ13C values in BEPOM reflected a planktonic source. Notably, δ13C-BEPOM values for the GOM shelf below 50 m water depth were depleted (<− 30‰), and a mixing model indicated that 30–40% of the POM could originate from methanic carbon. BEPOM absorption and fluorescence results suggested a planktonic POM as a source of CDOM in coastal marine environments. DA - 2014/5/20/ PY - 2014/5/20/ DO - 10.1016/j.marchem.2014.03.006 VL - 162 SP - 96-113 SN - 1872-7581 KW - POM KW - Absorption KW - Fluorescence KW - PARAFAC KW - Carbon stable isotopes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Experimental methods fail to address the questions posed in studies of surgical techniques AU - Mulcahy, Daniel M. AU - Harms, Craig A. T2 - Fisheries Research DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1016/j.fishres.2014.02.028 VL - 156 SP - 1-5 J2 - Fisheries Research LA - en OP - SN - 0165-7836 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2014.02.028 DB - Crossref KW - Surgery KW - Aseptic technique KW - Implantation KW - Infections KW - Transmitters ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deepwater Horizon Oil in Gulf of Mexico Waters after 2 Years: Transformation into the Dissolved Organic Matter Pool AU - Bianchi, Thomas S. AU - Osburn, Christopher AU - Shields, Michael R. AU - Yvon-Lewis, Shari AU - Young, Jordan AU - Guo, Laodong AU - Zhou, Zhengzhen T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AB - Recent work has shown the presence of anomalous dissolved organic matter (DOM), with high optical yields, in deep waters 15 months after the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Here, we continue to use the fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) technique coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling, measurements of bulk organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), oil indices, and other optical properties to examine the chemical evolution and transformation of oil components derived from the DWH in the water column of the GOM. Seawater samples were collected from the GOM during July 2012, 2 years after the oil spill. This study shows that, while dissolved organic carbon (DOC) values have decreased since just after the DWH spill, they remain higher at some stations than typical deep-water values for the GOM. Moreover, we continue to observe fluorescent DOM components in deep waters, similar to those of degraded oil observed in lab and field experiments, which suggest that oil-related fluorescence signatures, as part of the DOM pool, have persisted for 2 years in the deep waters. This supports the notion that some oil-derived chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) components could still be identified in deep waters after 2 years of degradation, which is further supported by the lower DIC and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) associated with greater amounts of these oil-derived components in deep waters, assuming microbial activity on DOM in the current water masses is only the controlling factor of DIC and pCO2 concentrations. DA - 2014/8/19/ PY - 2014/8/19/ DO - 10.1021/es501547b VL - 48 IS - 16 SP - 9288-9297 SN - 1520-5851 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Data assimilative modeling investigation of Gulf Stream Warm Core Ring interaction with continental shelf and slope circulation AU - Chen, Ke AU - He, Ruoying AU - Powell, Brian S. AU - Gawarkiewicz, Glen G. AU - Moore, Andrew M. AU - Arango, Hernan G. T2 - JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS AB - Abstract A data assimilative ocean circulation model is used to hindcast the interaction between a large Gulf Stream Warm Core Ring (WCR) with the Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB) shelf and slope circulation. Using the recently developed Incremental Strong constraint 4D Variational (I4D‐Var) data assimilation algorithm, the model assimilates mapped satellite sea surface height (SSH), sea surface temperature (SST), in situ temperature, and salinity profiles measured by expendable bathythermograph, Argo floats, shipboard CTD casts, and glider transects. Model validations against independent hydrographic data show 60% and 57% error reductions in temperature and salinity, respectively. The WCR significantly changed MAB continental slope and shelf circulation. The mean cross‐shelf transport induced by the WCR is estimated to be 0.28 Sv offshore, balancing the mean along‐shelf transport by the shelfbreak jet. Large heat/salt fluxes with peak values of 8900 W m −2 /4 × 10 −4 kg m −2 s −1 are found when the WCR was impinging upon the shelfbreak. Vorticity analysis reveals the nonlinear advection term, as well as the residual of joint effect of baroclinicity and bottom relief (JEBAR) and advection of potential vorticity (APV) play important roles in controlling the variability of the eddy vorticity. DA - 2014/9// PY - 2014/9// DO - 10.1002/2014jc009898 VL - 119 IS - 9 SP - 5968-5991 SN - 2169-9291 KW - Gulf Stream KW - Warm Core Ring KW - shelf circulation KW - data assimilation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing Distribution of Migratory Fishes and Connectivity following Complete and Partial Dam Removals in a North Carolina River AU - Raabe, Joshua K. AU - Hightower, Joseph E. T2 - NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AB - Abstract Fish, especially migratory species, are assumed to benefit from dam removals that restore connectivity and access to upstream habitat, but few studies have evaluated this assumption. Therefore, we assessed the movement of migratory fishes in the springs of 2008 through 2010 and surveyed available habitat in the Little River, North Carolina, a tributary to the Neuse River, after three complete dam removals and one partial (notched) dam removal. We tagged migratory fishes with PIT tags at a resistance‐board weir located at a dam removal site (river kilometer [rkm] 3.7) and followed their movements with an array of PIT antennas. The river‐wide distribution of fish following removals varied by species. For example, 24–31% of anadromous American Shad Alosa sapidissima , 45–49% of resident Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum , and 4–11% of nonnative Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris passed the dam removal site at rkm 56 in 2009 and 2010. No preremoval data were available for comparison, but reach connectivity appeared to increase as tagged individuals passed former dam sites and certain individuals moved extensively both upstream and downstream. However, 17–28% did not pass the partially removed dam at rkm 7.9, while 20–39% of those that passed remained downstream for more than a day before migrating upstream. Gizzard Shad required the deepest water to pass this notched structure, followed by American Shad then Flathead Catfish. Fish that passed the notched dam accessed more complex habitat (e.g., available substrate size‐classes) in the middle and upper reaches. The results provide strong support for efforts to restore currently inaccessible habitat through complete removal of derelict dams. Received August 23, 2013; accepted June 18, 2014 DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1080/02755947.2014.938140 VL - 34 IS - 5 SP - 955-969 SN - 1548-8675 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antarctic icebergs: A significant natural ocean sound source in the Southern Hemisphere AU - Matsumoto, H. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D. R. AU - Tournadre, J. AU - Dziak, R. P. AU - Haxel, J. H. AU - Lau, T. K. A. AU - Fowler, M. AU - Salo, S. A. T2 - Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems AB - Abstract In late 2007, two massive icebergs, C19a and B15a, drifted into open water and slowly disintegrated in the southernmost Pacific Ocean. Archived acoustic records show that the high‐intensity underwater sounds accompanying this breakup increased ocean noise levels at mid‐to‐equatorial latitudes over a period of ∼1.5 years. More typically, seasonal variations in ocean noise, which are characterized by austral summer‐highs and winter‐lows, appear to be modulated by the annual cycle of Antarctic iceberg drift and subsequent disintegration. This seasonal pattern is observed in all three Oceans of the Southern Hemisphere. The life cycle of Antarctic icebergs affects not only marine ecosystem but also the sound environment in far‐reaching areas and must be accounted for in any effort to isolate anthropogenic or climate‐induced noise contributions to the ocean soundscape. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1002/2014gc005454 VL - 15 IS - 8 SP - 3448-3458 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Open Source Web-Mapping System for Tourism Planning and Marketing AU - Supak, Stacy Kathleen AU - Devine, Hugh Alexander AU - Brothers, Gene Leroy AU - Rich, Samantha Rozier AU - Shen, Wenbo T2 - JOURNAL OF TRAVEL & TOURISM MARKETING AB - Core retail management functions include defining market areas and profiling customers. For tourism enterprises, market areas are geographically dispersed with many customers residing beyond the immediate area surrounding the attraction. Visualization and analysis of these distributed market areas are significantly enhanced by the capabilities of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and help to support management objectives. Unfortunately, many businesses are unable to utilize GIS due to its complexity and expense. This study develops a decision support tool for tourism planning and marketing that is customized and easy to use, employs open source software to reduce expense, and allows for broad accessibility via web delivery. Users can easily visualize and examine the spatial distribution of their own United States (US) client origins and visitation patterns along with relevant tourism-specific and general demographic information. This functionality can be beneficial in developing or augmenting business plans or marketing strategies, and for informing tourism theory. DA - 2014/10/3/ PY - 2014/10/3/ DO - 10.1080/10548408.2014.890153 VL - 31 IS - 7 SP - 835-853 SN - 1540-7306 KW - Tourism marketing KW - Geographic Information System (GIS) KW - open source KW - web delivery ER - TY - JOUR TI - A red tide of Alexandrium fundyense in the Gulf of Maine AU - McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr. AU - Brosnahan, M. L. AU - Couture, D. A. AU - He, R. AU - Keafer, B. A. AU - Manning, J. P. AU - Martin, J. L. AU - Pilskaln, C. H. AU - Townsend, D. W. AU - Anderson, D. M. T2 - DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY AB - In early July 2009, an unusually high concentration of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense occurred in the western Gulf of Maine, causing surface waters to appear reddish brown to the human eye. The discolored water appeared to be the southern terminus of a large-scale event that caused shellfish toxicity along the entire coast of Maine to the Canadian border. Rapid-response shipboard sampling efforts together with satellite data suggest the water discoloration in the western Gulf of Maine was a highly ephemeral feature of less than two weeks in duration. Flow cytometric analysis of surface samples from the red water indicated the population was undergoing sexual reproduction. Cyst fluxes downstream of the discolored water were the highest ever measured in the Gulf of Maine, and a large deposit of new cysts was observed that fall. Although the mechanisms causing this event remain unknown, its timing coincided with an anomalous period of downwelling-favorable winds that could have played a role in aggregating upward-swimming cells. Regardless of the underlying causes, this event highlights the importance of short-term episodic phenomena on regional population dynamics of A. fundyense. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.05.011 VL - 103 SP - 174-184 SN - 1879-0100 KW - Phytoplankton KW - Population dynamics KW - Red tides KW - Cysts KW - Paralytic shellfish poisoning KW - USA KW - Gulf of Maine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Twentieth century Atlantic meridional overturning circulation as an indicator of global ocean multidecadal variability: influences on sea level anomalies and small pelagic fishery synchronies AU - Kamykowski, Daniel T2 - ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AB - Abstract The Atlantic dipole phosphate utilization (ADPU) index, derived through statistical conversion of 20th century Atlantic basin subpolar sea surface temperatures, is used as a fingerprint of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability and as an indicator of global Meridional Overturing Circulation (MOC) variability. ADPU index correlations with differences in sea level anomalies (SLAs) between Canada and the UK and across the Isthmus of Panama demonstrate intrabasin and interbasin associations with MOC variability. Cross-correlation analyses of ADPU index, SLAs, and sardine (S) and anchovy (A) catch differences [S −A] (normalized sardine catch minus normalized anchovy catch) confirm strong correlations between ADPU and [S −A] off Japan, California, Peru and Southwest Africa (Benguela). Statistically significant cross correlations also exist between the ADPU index and SLAs for Japan, California, Peru and Benguela, and for SLAs and [S − A] for Japan, California and Peru, but the short time-series lengths compared with the length of the multidecadal cycle limit the interpretation of the observed lead-lags. Though correlation is not causality, the correlation analyses developed here are useful in support of hypothesis generation. The proposed hypothesis to explain the observed small pelagic fishery synchronies asserts: (i) ocean bathymetry and continental distributions interact with multidecadal variations in MOC strength that occur along the conceptual global conveyor belt to generate changes in global oceanic planetary waves and mesoscale eddies that propagate through the world ocean; (ii) each small pelagic fishery region has a unique spatial relationship with pertinent oceanic planetary wave and mesoscale eddy source regions that affect the timing and strength of the waves and eddies that influence the nearby boundary current; (iii) synchronous changes or phasing among global fisheries depend on how and when MOC variability mediated by oceanic planetary waves and mesoscale eddies reaches each fishery region; (iv) oceanic planetary waves and/or mesoscale eddies influence the strength or meandering of the boundary current adjacent to a small pelagic fishery region to change local SLAs and environmental conditions to favour sardine or anchovy populations at different times. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fst165 VL - 71 IS - 3 SP - 455-468 SN - 1095-9289 KW - AMOC KW - anchovy fisheries KW - Kelvin waves KW - mesoscale eddies KW - MOC KW - planetary waves KW - Rossby waves KW - sardine fisheries KW - THC ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transglutaminase and high pressure effects on heat-induced gelation of Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) surimi AU - Zhu, Zhiwei AU - Lanier, Tyre C. AU - Farkas, Brian E. AU - Li, BianSheng T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING AB - Abstract A prior high pressure processing (HPP) treatment has previously been shown to enhance subsequent (at atmospheric pressure) low temperature ‘setting’ (glutamyl-lysine, non-disulfide protein crosslinking) induced by transglutaminase (TGase; endogenous or added microbial enzyme). This enhanced setting induces greater gel strength and deformability of subsequently cooked surimi gels. We sought to determine if 25 °C incubation carried out simultaneous with, rather than following, HPP might similarly induce a setting effect on subsequently cooked gels. Pollock surimi pastes (± added microbial TGase) were subjected to HPP 200, 300, or 400 MPa; at 5 °C (little or no setting effect expected during HPP at this temperature) for 30 min or at 25 °C (optimal setting temperature for pollock pastes) for 30, 60, or 120 min. Pastes were then directly cooked (90 °C for 20 min) ( pressure P °C/time  > C), or first allowed to undergo setting at atmospheric pressure (25 °C for 30, 60, or 120 min), followed by cooking (90 °C 20 min) ( pressure P °C/time  > S time  > C). With no microbial TGase added to the raw paste (e.g., endogenous TGase only), 300MPa P 5°C/30min  > S 25°C/120min  > C induced highest gel fracture stress and strain. The same treatment but with HPP at 200 or 400 MPa gave only slightly lower fracture stress (gel strength). Increasing the temperature of the HPP treatment to 25 °C ( 300MPa P 25°C/30min  > S 25°C/120min  > C), even with longer HPP time ( 300MPa P 25°C/60 or 120min  > C), gave weaker gels, similar to those obtained by setting and cooking without a prior HPP treatment (S 25°C/60min  > C). Thus, attempting to induce TGase crosslinking by setting at 25 °C during HPP treatment actually seemed detrimental to gel strength development. However, when HPP was carried out at 25 °C and microbial TGase was added, gel strength and deformability (fracture stress, strain) were enhanced above that of all other treatments tested. All treatments containing microbial TGase evidenced enhanced protein polymerization. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a more dense and fibrous structure in such gels, and reduction of free thiol (SH) groups was noted as a result of microbial TGase addition. DA - 2014/6// PY - 2014/6// DO - 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.01.022 VL - 131 SP - 154-160 SN - 1873-5770 KW - High pressure KW - Transglutaminase KW - Setting KW - Heat-induced gelation KW - Alaska pollock KW - Surimi ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of mixotrophic protists in the biological carbon pump AU - Mitra, A. AU - Flynn, K. J. AU - Burkholder, J. M. AU - Berge, T. AU - Calbet, A. AU - Raven, J. A. AU - Graneli, E. AU - Glibert, P. M. AU - Hansen, P. J. AU - Stoecker, D. K. AU - Thingstad, F. AU - Tillmann, U. AU - Vage, S. AU - Wilken, S. AU - Zubkov, M. V. T2 - BIOGEOSCIENCES AB - Abstract. The traditional view of the planktonic food web describes consumption of inorganic nutrients by photoautotrophic phytoplankton, which in turn supports zooplankton and ultimately higher trophic levels. Pathways centred on bacteria provide mechanisms for nutrient recycling. This structure lies at the foundation of most models used to explore biogeochemical cycling, functioning of the biological pump, and the impact of climate change on these processes. We suggest an alternative new paradigm, which sees the bulk of the base of this food web supported by protist plankton communities that are mixotrophic – combining phototrophy and phagotrophy within a single cell. The photoautotrophic eukaryotic plankton and their heterotrophic microzooplankton grazers dominate only during the developmental phases of ecosystems (e.g. spring bloom in temperate systems). With their flexible nutrition, mixotrophic protists dominate in more-mature systems (e.g. temperate summer, established eutrophic systems and oligotrophic systems); the more-stable water columns suggested under climate change may also be expected to favour these mixotrophs. We explore how such a predominantly mixotrophic structure affects microbial trophic dynamics and the biological pump. The mixotroph-dominated structure differs fundamentally in its flow of energy and nutrients, with a shortened and potentially more efficient chain from nutrient regeneration to primary production. Furthermore, mixotrophy enables a direct conduit for the support of primary production from bacterial production. We show how the exclusion of an explicit mixotrophic component in studies of the pelagic microbial communities leads to a failure to capture the true dynamics of the carbon flow. In order to prevent a misinterpretation of the full implications of climate change upon biogeochemical cycling and the functioning of the biological pump, we recommend inclusion of multi-nutrient mixotroph models within ecosystem studies. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.5194/bg-11-995-2014 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 995-1005 SN - 1726-4189 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal and interannual variability in Gulf of Maine hydrodynamics: 2002-2011 AU - Li, Yizhen AU - He, Ruoying AU - McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. T2 - DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY AB - In situ observations including long-term moored meteorological and oceanographic measurements and multi-year gulf-wide ship survey data are used to quantify interannual variability of surface wind, river runoff, and hydrographic conditions in the Gulf of Maine during summers 2002-2011. The cumulative upwelling index shows that upwelling (downwelling)-favorable wind conditions were most persistent in 2010 (2005) over the 10-year study period. River discharge was highest in 2005; peak runoff occurred in early April in 2010 as opposed to late April to middle May in other years. Moored time series show that coastal water temperature was 0.5-2 °C warmer than average in summer 2010, and about 2 °C colder than average in 2004. Coastal salinity in April 2010 was the lowest in the 10-year study period. Both moored Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) current measurements and dynamic height/geostrophic velocity calculations based on gulf-wide ship survey data show May-June 2010 had one of the weakest alongshore transports in the western Gulf of Maine during the 10-year study period, likely associated with intrusions of warm slope water and fresher-than-usual Scotian Shelf water. Comparisons of coastal currents to the Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) closure maps resulting from A. fundyense blooms suggest a linkage between alongshore transport and the downstream extent of toxicity. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.03.001 VL - 103 SP - 210-222 SN - 1879-0100 KW - Gulf of Maine KW - Upwelling index KW - River discharge KW - Hydrography KW - Interannual variability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Patterns and processes of habitat-specific demographic variability in exploited marine species AU - Vasconcelos, Rita P. AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Le Pape, Olivier AU - Tulp, Ingrid T2 - ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AB - Abstract Population dynamics are governed by four demographic rates: births, deaths, immigration, and emigration. Variation in these rates and processes underlying such variation can be used to prioritize habitat conservation and restoration as well as to parameterize models that predict habitat-specific effects on population dynamics. The current understanding of patterns of habitat-specific demographic variability in exploited marine species, as well as processes underlying these patterns, was reviewed. We describe patterns of (i) habitat-specific density, followed by ontogenetic changes in habitat use, such as (ii) immigration (i.e. use as a settlement habitat) and (iii) emigration (i.e. use as a habitat for secondary dispersal to and from), and demographic rates such as (iv) growth, and (v) mortality. Despite the importance of coastal habitats for fish and invertebrate species and the vulnerability of these habitats to human impacts, there was ambiguous evidence on their role in driving of population dynamics. Roughly 63% of the studies were descriptive, 21% experimental, and 11% used a combination of descriptive and experimental approaches, whereas 5% used meta-analyses. Habitat-specific density was the most common pattern quantified, followed by growth and mortality, with relatively few examples of studies of habitat-specific larval settlement. There were many examples of the influence of coastal habitats on survival, growth, and movement, especially at young stages, and there was an emerging focus on the effects of habitat degradation on demographic rates. There needs to be an increased effort on quantifying habitat-specific demographic rates and integrating these to better predict the effects of coastal habitats on the dynamics of exploited marine populations. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1093/icesjms/fst136 VL - 71 IS - 3 SP - 638-647 SN - 1095-9289 KW - coastal area KW - demographic rates KW - fish KW - habitat KW - invertebrates KW - population dynamics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ovary Transcriptome Profiling via Artificial Intelligence Reveals a Transcriptomic Fingerprint Predicting Egg Quality in Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis AU - Chapman, Robert W. AU - Reading, Benjamin J. AU - Sullivan, Craig V. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Inherited gene transcripts deposited in oocytes direct early embryonic development in all vertebrates, but transcript profiles indicative of embryo developmental competence have not previously been identified. We employed artificial intelligence to model profiles of maternal ovary gene expression and their relationship to egg quality, evaluated as production of viable mid-blastula stage embryos, in the striped bass (Morone saxatilis), a farmed species with serious egg quality problems. In models developed using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and supervised machine learning, collective changes in the expression of a limited suite of genes (233) representing <2% of the queried ovary transcriptome explained >90% of the eventual variance in embryo survival. Egg quality related to minor changes in gene expression (<0.2-fold), with most individual transcripts making a small contribution (<1%) to the overall prediction of egg quality. These findings indicate that the predictive power of the transcriptome as regards egg quality resides not in levels of individual genes, but rather in the collective, coordinated expression of a suite of transcripts constituting a transcriptomic "fingerprint". Correlation analyses of the corresponding candidate genes indicated that dysfunction of the ubiquitin-26S proteasome, COP9 signalosome, and subsequent control of the cell cycle engenders embryonic developmental incompetence. The affected gene networks are centrally involved in regulation of early development in all vertebrates, including humans. By assessing collective levels of the relevant ovarian transcripts via ANNs we were able, for the first time in any vertebrate, to accurately predict the subsequent embryo developmental potential of eggs from individual females. Our results show that the transcriptomic fingerprint evidencing developmental dysfunction is highly predictive of, and therefore likely to regulate, egg quality, a biologically complex trait crucial to reproductive fitness. DA - 2014/5/12/ PY - 2014/5/12/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0096818 VL - 9 IS - 5 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estuarine soundscapes: distinct acoustic characteristics of oyster reefs compared to soft-bottom habitats AU - Lillis, Ashlee AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. T2 - MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 505:1-17 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10805 FEATURE ARTICLE Estuarine soundscapes: distinct acoustic characteristics of oyster reefs compared to soft-bottom habitats Ashlee Lillis*, David B. Eggleston, DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl Department of Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8208, USA *Corresponding author: aslillis@ncsu.edu ABSTRACT: Different types of benthic habitats likely produce distinct soundscapes due to differences in the physical and biological contributors to ambient sound. Despite their potential importance to ecological processes such as larval settlement, the soundscapes of most coastal and estuarine habitats have not been characterized. We investigated whether an estuarine soundscape is a reliable indicator of habitat type by measuring the sounds of oyster reefs and nearby off-reef soft-bottom areas in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA. Acoustic sampling in 3 areas across the estuary revealed distinct acoustic patterns in oyster reef habitats compared to surrounding off-reef areas, with reef soundscapes dominated by snapping shrimp sounds and the vocalizations of reef-dwelling fish species. Compared to soft-bottom habitat, oyster reefs had significantly higher sound pressure levels in the 2-23 kHz frequency band and higher acoustic diversity index values at each concurrent sampling event. Spectral differences between adjacent reef/off-reef habitats were present throughout the summer and fall sampling season and across 2 sampling years, but the acoustic signal strength differed between reef sites. Passive sound propagation surveys found that the distinct acoustic characteristics of oyster reefs within the 2-23 kHz frequency band were highly localized, with effective source levels of 108.8 to 120.0 dB re 1 µPa @ 1 m and transmission loss approximating a cylindrical geometric spreading model. This soundscape characterization study suggests that spatial heterogeneity in ambient sound could serve as a reliable indicator of habitat type and potentially convey habitat quality information to dispersing organisms. KEY WORDS: Passive acoustics · Soundscape ecology · Habitat-associated sound · Acoustic diversity · Pamlico Sound · Subtidal oyster reef Full text in pdf format Information about this Feature Article NextCite this article as: Lillis A, Eggleston DB, Bohnenstiehl DR (2014) Estuarine soundscapes: distinct acoustic characteristics of oyster reefs compared to soft-bottom habitats. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 505:1-17. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10805 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 505. Online publication date: May 28, 2014 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2014 Inter-Research. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.3354/meps10805 VL - 505 SP - 1-17 SN - 1616-1599 KW - Passive acoustics KW - Soundscape ecology KW - Habitat-associated sound KW - Acoustic diversity KW - Pamlico Sound KW - Subtidal oyster reef ER - TY - JOUR TI - Colored Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics in the Northern Gulf of Mexico from Ocean Color and Numerical Model Results AU - Chaichitehrani, Nazanin AU - D'Sa, Eurico J. AU - Ko, Dong S. AU - Walker, Nan D. AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Chen, Robert F. T2 - Journal of Coastal Research AB - Chaichitehrani, N.; D'Sa, E.J.; Ko, D.S.; Walker, N.D.; Osburn, C.L., and Chen, R.F., 2014. Colored dissolved organic matter dynamics in the Northern Gulf of Mexico from ocean color and numerical model results. Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption and salinity relationships were assessed and used in conjunction with the salinity and current outputs of a numerical model (Navy Coastal Ocean Model [NCOM]) to study CDOM dynamics in the northern Gulf of Mexico. In situ CDOM absorption and salinity obtained from multiple field campaigns were inversely correlated seasonally (winter–spring and summer) and latitudinally (inner- and outer-shelf zones), suggesting conservative behavior of CDOM distribution. A weaker correlation, during summer in the outer-shelf zone, however, indicated stronger effects of photooxidation and lower masking effects from riverine CDOM. Applying these relationships to simulated salinity resulted in hourly maps of CDOM that revealed similarities to CDOM patterns derived from SeaWiFS satellite imagery. Further, matchup comparisons between model-derived and in situ CDOM absorption were statistically sound for the summer (bias = −0.016, root mean square error = 0.059, r2 = 0.51 SI = 0.28) and the winter–spring periods (bias = 0.033, root mean square error = 0.099, r2 = 0.52, SI = 0.21). Overlaying the model-derived CDOM maps on the simulated currents revealed the strong influence of currents on CDOM advection. Downcoast currents during the nonsummer months led to persistent advection of CDOM westward interrupted by frequent cold front events that flush CDOM-laden waters out of the coastal bays onto the inner and outer continental shelves. In contrast, the upcoast current regime, though less well organized, produces a more significant seaward advection of CDOM, likely due to the Ekman transport and subsequent entrainment by mesoscale eddies over the continental slope. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.2112/jcoastres-d-13-00036.1 VL - 296 IS - 4 SP - 800-814 J2 - Journal of Coastal Research LA - en OP - SN - 0749-0208 1551-5036 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00036.1 DB - Crossref KW - CDOM KW - salinity KW - Sea WiFS KW - NCOM model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coastal connectivity in the Gulf of Maine in spring and summer of 2004-2009 AU - Li, Yizhen AU - He, Ruoying AU - Manning, James P. T2 - DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY AB - Coastal ocean connectivity associated with the Gulf of Maine (GOM) surface flows in spring and summer seasons of 2004–2009 is studied using surface numerical particle tracking based on realistic regional ocean circulation hindcast solutions. Seven initial particle release sites are selected in key gulf regions often affected by harmful algal (Alexandrium fundyense) blooms, including Massachusetts Bay, the western GOM coastal area, the eastern GOM coastal area, the Bay of Fundy, Wilkinson Basin, the Jordan Basin, and a region seaward of Penobscot Bay. Surface particles are released every 5 days between February 1st and August 1st in each year, and the variability in their trajectories on interannual time scales is quantified by Lagrangian probability density function calculations. Coastal connectivity is further quantified using a connectivity matrix, identifying source and destination functions. Our results suggest that the interannual variability in coastal connectivity has strong impact on the spatial distribution of A. fundyense blooms in each year. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.01.037 VL - 103 SP - 199-209 SN - 1879-0100 KW - Gulf of Maine KW - Coastal circulation KW - Connectivity KW - Lagrangian PDFs KW - Interannual variability KW - Source and destination strengths ER - TY - JOUR TI - Blood Gases, Biochemistry, and Hematology of Galapagos Green Turtles (Chelonia Mydas) AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. AU - Hirschfeld, Maximilian AU - Denkinger, Judith AU - Vasco, Karla AU - Guevara, Nataly AU - Garcia, Juan AU - Munoz, Juanpablo AU - Lohmann, Kenneth J. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - The green turtle, Chelonia mydas, is an endangered marine chelonian with a circum-global distribution. Reference blood parameter intervals have been published for some chelonian species, but baseline hematology, biochemical, and blood gas values are lacking from the Galapagos sea turtles. Analyses were done on blood samples drawn from 28 green turtles captured in two foraging locations on San Cristóbal Island (14 from each site). Of these turtles, 20 were immature and of unknown sex; the other eight were males (five mature, three immature). A portable blood analyzer (iSTAT) was used to obtain near immediate field results for pH, lactate, pO2, pCO2, HCO3-, Hct, Hb, Na, K, iCa, and Glu. Parameter values affected by temperature were corrected in two ways: (1) with standard formulas; and (2) with auto-corrections made by the iSTAT. The two methods yielded clinically equivalent results. Standard laboratory hematology techniques were employed for the red and white blood cell counts and the hematocrit determination, which was also compared to the hematocrit values generated by the iSTAT. Of all blood analytes, only lactate concentrations were positively correlated with body size. All other values showed no significant difference between the two sample locations nor were they correlated with body size or internal temperature. For hematocrit count, the iSTAT blood analyzer yielded results indistinguishable from those obtained with high-speed centrifugation. The values reported in this study provide baseline data that may be useful in comparisons among populations and in detecting changes in health status among Galapagos sea turtles. The findings might also be helpful in future efforts to demonstrate associations between specific biochemical parameters and disease. DA - 2014/5/13/ PY - 2014/5/13/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0096487 VL - 9 IS - 5 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Active simultaneous uplift and margin-normal extension in a forearc high, Crete, Greece AU - Gallen, S. F. AU - Wegmann, K. W. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D. R. AU - Pazzaglia, F. J. AU - Brandon, M. T. AU - Fassoulas, C. T2 - EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS AB - The island of Crete occupies a forearc high in the central Hellenic subduction zone and is characterized by sustained exhumation, surface uplift and extension. The processes governing orogenesis and topographic development here remain poorly understood. Dramatic topographic relief (2–6km) astride the southern coastline of Crete is associated with large margin-parallel faults responsible for deep bathymetric depressions known as the Hellenic troughs. These structures have been interpreted as both active and inactive with either contractional, strike-slip, or extensional movement histories. Distinguishing between these different structural styles and kinematic histories here allows us to explore more general models for improving our global understanding of the tectonic and geodynamic processes of syn-convergent extension. We present new observations from the south–central coastline of Crete that clarifies the role of these faults in the late Cenozoic evolution of the central Hellenic margin and the processes controlling Quaternary surface uplift. Pleistocene marine terraces are used in conjunction with optically stimulated luminesce dating and correlation to the Quaternary eustatic curve to document coastal uplift and identify active faults. Two south-dipping normal faults are observed, which extend offshore, offset these marine terrace deposits and indicate active N–S (margin-normal) extension. Further, marine terraces preserved in the footwall and hanging wall of both faults demonstrate that regional net uplift of Crete is occurring despite active extension. Field mapping and geometric reconstructions of an active onshore normal fault reveal that the subaqueous range-front fault of south–central Crete is synthetic to the south-dipping normal faults on shore. These findings are inconsistent with models of active horizontal shortening in the upper crust of the Hellenic forearc. Rather, they are consistent with topographic growth of the forearc in a viscous orogenic wedge, where crustal thickening and uplift are a result of basal underplating of material that is accompanied by extension in the upper portions of the wedge. Within this framework a new conceptual model is presented for the late Cenozoic vertical tectonics of the Hellenic forearc. DA - 2014/7/15/ PY - 2014/7/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.038 VL - 398 SP - 11-24 SN - 1385-013X KW - tectonic geomorphology KW - marine terrace KW - normal fault KW - uplift KW - underplating ER - TY - JOUR TI - Zinc toxicosis in a brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill AU - Dreyfuss, J. AU - Geyer, J. AU - Stamper, M. A. AU - Baldessari, A. AU - Lewbart, G. A. T2 - JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES AB - Journal of Fish DiseasesVolume 37, Issue 4 p. 397-399 Short Communication Zinc toxicosis in a brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill J Dreyfuss, J Dreyfuss College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ Geyer, J Geyer College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorM A Stamper, M A Stamper College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorA Baldessari, A Baldessari College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorG A Lewbart, Corresponding Author G A Lewbart College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USACorrespondence G A Lewbart, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (e-mail: greg_lewbart@ncsu.edu) Search for more papers by this author J Dreyfuss, J Dreyfuss College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ Geyer, J Geyer College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorM A Stamper, M A Stamper College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorA Baldessari, A Baldessari College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorG A Lewbart, Corresponding Author G A Lewbart College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USACorrespondence G A Lewbart, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (e-mail: greg_lewbart@ncsu.edu) Search for more papers by this author First published: 14 June 2013 https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12130Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume37, Issue4April 2014Pages 397-399 RelatedInformation DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.1111/jfd.12130 VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 397-399 SN - 1365-2761 KW - brook trout KW - zinc KW - Salvelinus fontinalis KW - toxicity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using in situ ultraviolet-visual spectroscopy to measure nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, and suspended solids concentrations at a high frequency in a brackish tidal marsh AU - Etheridge, J. Randall AU - Birgand, François AU - Osborne, Jason A. AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Burchell, Michael R. AU - Irving, Justin T2 - Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods AB - The collection of high frequency water quality data are key to making the next leap in hydrological and biogeochemical sciences. Commercially available in situ ultraviolet‐visual (UV‐Vis) spectrometers make possible the long‐term collection of absorption spectra multiple times per hour. This technology has proven useful for measuring nitrate, dissolved organic carbon, and total suspended solids in many environments, but has not been tested in tidal marsh conditions where upstream freshwater mixes with estuarine waters, resulting in rapid changes in concentrations and salinity. These three parameters encompass only a portion of the nutrients that are of interest in these systems. To test the potential of spectroscopy to measure these and other nutrient concentrations, spectrometers were installed in a constructed brackish tidal marsh and absorbance spectra were compared to lab analyses for coinciding discrete samples. Variable selection techniques, including partial least squares regression, lasso regression, and stepwise regression, were used to develop models with which nitrate, total kjeldahl nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, phosphate, total phosphorus, total suspended solids, and salinity in brackish marsh waters can be predicted from UV‐Vis spectrometer measurements. Significant relationships between the absorption spectra and the laboratory measured concentrations were observed for all of the parameters. Phosphate and total phosphorus were the only nutrients which had R2 values less than 0.86 for their best calibrations. This study shows the potential to collect multiple water quality parameters at a high frequency in brackish waters using in situ spectrometers and gives the tools to replicate this analysis in all environments. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.4319/lom.2014.12.10 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 10-22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Targeting areas for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) projects in Tanzania AU - Lin, Liwei AU - Sills, Erin AU - Cheshire, Heather T2 - GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS AB - Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) has gained momentum as a climate mitigation strategy that can be implemented at multiple scales. Sub-nationally, REDD+ projects that aim to capture carbon funding are implemented throughout tropical countries. A spatial targeting approach for optimal REDD+ project landscape is demonstrated using Tanzania as an example. This study used GIS-based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis to identify potential areas for REDD+ projects development incorporating different combinations of criteria. The first approach, efficient targeting, focuses on areas with high forest carbon content, high deforestation risk and low opportunity cost. The second approach, co-benefits targeting, aims at areas with high biodiversity and high poverty rate on top of criteria in efficient targeting. The resulting suitability maps displays areas of high, medium and low suitability for future REDD+ projects development based on the targeting approaches. Locations of current REDD+ projects in Tanzania were also overlaid with suitability map to visually inspect how they match up. This approach allows decision-makers to prioritize preferences for various site-selection criteria and make informed decisions about REDD+ projects locations. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.12.003 VL - 24 SP - 277-286 SN - 1872-9495 KW - REDD plus project KW - Spatial targeting KW - Multi-criteria Decision Analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial and temporal variability of SST and ocean color in the Gulf of Maine based on cloud-free SST and chlorophyll reconstructions in 2003-2012 AU - Li, Yizhen AU - He, Ruoying T2 - REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT AB - The spatial and temporal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in the Gulf of Maine (GOM) is examined using daily, cloud-free Data INterpolating Empirical Orthogonal Function (DINEOF) reconstructions during 2003–2012. The utility of the DINEOF SST and Chl-a is demonstrated through direct comparisons with buoy- and ship-based observations. EOF analyses of cloud-free products are further used to quantify the SST and Chl-a variability on seasonal to inter-annual timescales. The first mode of SST is dominated by an annual cycle in response to net surface heat flux, with SST lagging surface flux by ~ 57 days. The second mode of SST underscores interactions between GOM, the Scotian Shelf, and the slope sea in response to the basin scale atmospheric forcing represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation. The third mode correlates well with the evolution of Scotian Shelf-slope frontal displacement. The first EOF mode of Chl-a is dominated by a winter–spring bloom and a fall bloom, with a spatial distribution modified by the tidal mixing that facilitates nutrient delivery from the deep ocean. The second EOF mode is likely associated with a winter bloom in the warm slope sea, where the low-frequency variations of second modes of SST and Chl-a are in phase, suggesting a possible coupling between physical and biological responses to atmospheric forcing. The third mode of the Chl-a is likely associated with freshening events associated with advection of the Scotian Shelf Water, which enhance stratifications in the eastern GOM. DA - 2014/3/25/ PY - 2014/3/25/ DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2014.01.019 VL - 144 SP - 98-108 SN - 1879-0704 KW - Gulf of Maine KW - Chlorophyll bloom KW - Sea surface temperature KW - North Atlantic Oscillation KW - EOF analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regional precipitation variability in East Asia related to climate and environmental factors during 1979-2012 AU - Deng, Yinyin AU - Gao, Tao AU - Gao, Huiwang AU - Yao, Xiaohong AU - Xie, Lian T2 - SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AB - This paper studies the inter-annual precipitation variations in different regions of East Asia from oceans to interior areas in China during 1979 - 2012. The results computed by Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) demonstrate that the annual precipitation changes are mainly related to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, East Asian summer monsoon and aerosols. We also found that the increased Sea surface temperature (SST) could explain the precipitation changes over the Northwest Pacific in the dry season (Oct. - May) and the East China Sea and the South China Sea in the rainy season (Jun. - Sep.). The precipitation changes over the ocean unexplained by SST were likely due to the water vapor transport dominated by dynamic factors. With the increased SST, the moisture transported from oceans to interior land was likely redistributed and caused the complicated regional variability of precipitation. Moreover, the impacts of aerosols on cloud and precipitation varied with different pollution levels and different seasons. DA - 2014/7/17/ PY - 2014/7/17/ DO - 10.1038/srep05693 VL - 4 SP - SN - 2045-2322 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Proportional Accumulation of Yolk Proteins Derived From Multiple Vitellogenins is Precisely Regulated During Vitellogenesis in Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) AU - Williams, Valerie N. AU - Reading, Benjamin J. AU - Amano, Haruna AU - Hiramatsu, Naoshi AU - Schilling, Justin AU - Salger, Scott A. AU - Williams, Taufika Islam AU - Gross, Kevin AU - Sullivan, Craig V. T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY AB - ABSTRACT We quantified three vitellogenins (VtgAa, VtgAb, VtgC) or their derived yolk proteins (YPs) in the liver, plasma, and ovary during pre‐vitellogenic (PreVG), mid‐vitellogenic (MVG), and late‐vitellogenic (LVG) oocyte growth and during post‐vitellogenesis (PostVG) in the striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ) using label‐free quantitative mass spectrometry (MS). Western blotting of the samples using antisera raised against gray mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) lipovitellins derived from VtgAa, VtgAb, and VtgC confirmed the MS results. Semi‐quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) revealed liver as the primary site of expression for all three Vtgs, with extra‐hepatic transcription weakly detected in ovary, foregut, adipose tissue, and brain. Quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR confirmed vtgAb to be primarily expressed in liver and VtgAb proteins were predominant in liver and plasma from MVG to PostVG. However, the primary period of deposition into oocytes of VtgAb occurred up until MVG, whereas VtgAa was primarily deposited from MVG to LVG. The VtgC was gradually taken up by oocytes throughout vitellogenesis and was detected at trace levels in plasma. The ratio of yolk proteins derived from VtgAa, VtgAb, VtgC (YPAa/YPAb/YPC) in PostVG ovary is 1.4:1.4:1, which differs from ratios previously reported for other fish species in that YPC comprises a greater proportion of the egg yolk. Our results indicate that proportional accumulation of multiple Vtgs in the yolk may depend both on the precise rates of their hepatic secretion and specific uptake by oocytes. Furthermore, composition of the Vtg‐derived yolk may vary among Acanthomorph fishes, perhaps reflecting their different early life histories and reproductive strategies. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 301–315, 2014 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1002/jez.1859 VL - 321 IS - 6 SP - 301-315 SN - 2471-5646 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hygienic conditions in child-care facilities in North Carolina and South Carolina: An integrated microbial and observational study AU - Li, You AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Cates, Sheryl AU - Wohlgenant, Kelly AU - Chen, , Xi AU - Fraser, Angela M. T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL AB - Background In the United States almost one-quarter (23%) of children younger than age 5 years participate in some form of out-of-home child care; these children are 2.3-3.5 times more likely to contract acute gastrointestinal illness. Methods Observational investigations were done to understand the hygienic conditions and practices of 40 child-care facilities in North Carolina and South Carolina. These data were compared with microbiological indicator data (aerobic plate counts and coliform counts) collected from selected surfaces in each facility. Results from the two data sets were analyzed using nonparametric statistical methods to reveal potential risk factors for enteric disease transmission. Results Statistically significant differences (P ≤ .05) in surface microbial counts were observed when comparing family child-care homes versus centers and between facilities participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program and those that do not participate. Facilities without written surface cleaning or food preparation policies had statistically significantly higher microbial counts on surfaces. Conclusions Our unique study, which combined observational and microbiological data, provided revealing information about the relationship between hygiene indicators and sanitary practices in child-care facilities in the southeastern United States. In the United States almost one-quarter (23%) of children younger than age 5 years participate in some form of out-of-home child care; these children are 2.3-3.5 times more likely to contract acute gastrointestinal illness. Observational investigations were done to understand the hygienic conditions and practices of 40 child-care facilities in North Carolina and South Carolina. These data were compared with microbiological indicator data (aerobic plate counts and coliform counts) collected from selected surfaces in each facility. Results from the two data sets were analyzed using nonparametric statistical methods to reveal potential risk factors for enteric disease transmission. Statistically significant differences (P ≤ .05) in surface microbial counts were observed when comparing family child-care homes versus centers and between facilities participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program and those that do not participate. Facilities without written surface cleaning or food preparation policies had statistically significantly higher microbial counts on surfaces. Our unique study, which combined observational and microbiological data, provided revealing information about the relationship between hygiene indicators and sanitary practices in child-care facilities in the southeastern United States. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.03.009 VL - 42 IS - 7 SP - 781-786 SN - 1527-3296 KW - Microbial indicators KW - Sanitation KW - Family daycare home KW - Child care centers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Editorial overview: Environmental virology AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Meschke, John Scott T2 - CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY DA - 2014/2// PY - 2014/2// DO - 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.01.007 VL - 4 SP - VII-IX SN - 1879-6257 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dispersal of the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) derived sediment in the Holocene AU - Ge, Q. AU - Liu, J. P. AU - Xue, Z. AU - Chu, F. Y. T2 - Acta Oceanologica Sinica DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 33 IS - 8 SP - 1-9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dietary CdSe/ZnS quantum dot exposure in estuarine fish: Bioavailability, oxidative stress responses, reproduction, and maternal transfer AU - Blickley, T. M. AU - Matson, C. W. AU - Vreeland, W. N. AU - Rittschof, D. AU - Di Giulio, R. T. AU - McClellan-Green, P. D. T2 - Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 148 SP - 27-39 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Lagrangian model for phototaxis-induced thin layer formation AU - Yamazaki, Hidekatsu AU - Locke, Chris AU - Umlauf, Lars AU - Burchard, Hans AU - Ishimaru, Takashi AU - Kamykowski, Daniel T2 - DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY AB - We have developed a Lagrangian model to investigate a potential mechanism based on phototaxis behavior of phytoplankton cells for the formation of thin layers. We assume that all cells follow a time-regulated diurnal vertical migration during which they experience photo-acclimation based on the Denman and Marra (1986) model. When a cell experiences stress due to strong light that exceeds a threshold level, the cell swims downward, away from the light. We applied the Lagrangian model to a one dimensional second order turbulence closure model that generates a realistic surface mixing condition for a given set of physical parameters, such as wind and optical water type. For the chosen swimming velocities and prescribed behavior, we found that, in coastal water type and Jerlov III type, thin layer formation takes place up to 5 m s−1 winds, while 10 m s−1 winds cause sufficiently strong mixing to prevent the formation of thin layer. We have also investigated the effects of changing the irradiance threshold for the onset of the photoinhibition, the initial density profile and random walk swimming. In conclusion, thin layer formation due to photoinhibition may be possible for a low value of photoinhibition threshold that may occur either due to upwelling or strong light exposure. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.12.010 VL - 101 SP - 193-206 SN - 1879-0100 KW - Phytoplankton KW - Diurnal vertical migration KW - Mixed layer KW - Turbulence KW - Lagrangian model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Visualizations of coastal terrain time series AU - Tateosian, Laura AU - Mitasova, Helena AU - Thakur, Sidharth AU - Hardin, Eric AU - Russ, Emily AU - Blundell, Bruce T2 - INFORMATION VISUALIZATION AB - In coastal regions, water, wind, gravitation, vegetation, and human activity continuously alter landscape surfaces. Visualizations are important for understanding coastal landscape evolution and its driving processes. Visualizing change in highly dynamic coastal terrain poses a formidable challenge; the combination of natural and anthropogenic forces leads to cycles of retreat and recovery and complex morphology of landforms. In recent years, repeated high-resolution laser terrain scans have generated a time series of point cloud data that represent landscapes at snapshots in time, including the impacts of major storms. In this article, we build on existing approaches for visualizing spatial–temporal data to create a collection of perceptual visualizations to support coastal terrain evolution analysis. We extract terrain features and track their migration; we derive temporal summary maps and heat graphs that quantify the pattern of elevation change and sediment redistribution and use the space–time cube concept to create visualizations of terrain evolution. The space–time cube approach allows us to represent shoreline evolution as an isosurface extracted from a voxel model created by stacking time series of digital elevation models. We illustrate our approach on a series of Light Detection and Ranging surveys of sandy North Carolina barrier islands. Our results reveal terrain changes of shoreline and dune ridge migration, dune breaches and overwash, the formation of new dune ridges, and the construction and destruction of homes, changes which are due to erosion and accretion, hurricanes, and human activities. These events are all visualized within their geographic and temporal contexts. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1177/1473871613487086 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 266-282 SN - 1473-8724 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84906534191&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Visualization of time series KW - temporal visualization KW - geovisualization KW - visual perception KW - visual exploration KW - visualize changes KW - geospatial data KW - three-dimensional visualization KW - spatial data KW - visual exploration KW - space-time cube KW - geographic information systems KW - LiDAR KW - time series KW - terrain elevation KW - land surfaces KW - GIS GRASS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The efficacy of alfaxalone for immersion anesthesia in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) AU - Minter, Larry J AU - Bailey, Kate M AU - Harms, Craig A AU - Lewbart, Gregory A AU - Posner, Lysa P T2 - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia AB - To characterize the physiologic and behavioral effects of a single induction dose and two maintenance doses of alfaxalone delivered by water immersion in the anesthesia of koi (Cyprinus carpio).Prospective, within-subject complete crossover design.Six adult koi (Cyprinus carpio) with a median body weight of 344.5 g (range 292.0-405.0 g).Koi were immersed in water containing 10 mg L(-1) alfaxalone until immobile and then maintained with alfaxalone at either 1 or 2.5 mg L(-1) via a recirculating water system. Times for anesthetic induction and recovery periods were recorded. Physiologic and blood gas parameters were evaluated before, during and after the anesthetic trial. Response to noxious stimuli was also assessed.Median anesthesia induction time for all fish was 5.4 minutes. Median recovery time was 11.8 and 26.4 minutes in the 1.0 and 2.5 mg L(-1) doses, respectively, which were significantly different (p = 0.04). Cessation of opercular movement occurred in 0/6 and 4/6 fish exposed to 1.0 and 2.5 mg L(-1) dose respectively. No difference was observed in median heart rate over the duration of the anesthetic events. Response to noxious stimulation was 4/6 and 0/6 in the 1.0 and 2.5 mg L(-1) doses respectively. Oxygenation and ventilation did not change during the experiment, but there was a significant decrease in blood pH along with an increase in blood lactate concentration.Administration of alfaxalone, via water immersion, as an induction and maintenance anesthesia agent provided rapid and reliable anesthesia of koi with no mortality. The maintenance dose of 2.5 mg L(-1) was sufficient to prevent response to noxious stimuli but was associated with a clinically relevant depression in opercular rate. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1111/vaa.12113 VL - 41 IS - 4 SP - 398-405 J2 - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia LA - en OP - SN - 1467-2987 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vaa.12113 DB - Crossref KW - alfaxalone KW - Alfaxan KW - anesthetic KW - Cyprinus carpio KW - fish KW - koi carp ER - TY - JOUR TI - Selection and characterization of DNA aptamers specific for Listeria species AU - Suh, Soo Hwan AU - Dwivedi, Hari P. AU - Choi, Soo Jung AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AB - Single-stranded (ss) DNA aptamers with binding affinity to Listeria spp. were selected using a whole-cell SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) method. Listeria monocytogenes cells were grown at 37 °C and harvested at mid-log phase or early stationary phase to serve as the targets in SELEX. A total of 10 unique aptamer sequences were identified, six associated with log phase cells and four with stationary phase cells. Binding affinity of the aptamers was determined using flow cytometry and ranged from 10% to 44%. Four candidates having high binding affinity were further studied and found to show genus-specific binding affinity when screened against five different species within the Listeria genus. Using sequential binding assays combined with flow cytometry, it was determined that three of the aptamers (LM6-2, LM12-6, and LM12-13) bound to one apparent cell surface moiety, while a fourth aptamer (LM6-116) appeared to bind to a different cell surface region. This is the first study in which SELEX targeted bacterial cells at different growth phases. When used together, aptamers that bind to different cell surface moieties could increase the analytical sensitivity of future capture and detection assays. DA - 2014/8/15/ PY - 2014/8/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.ab.2014.05.006 VL - 459 SP - 39-45 SN - 1096-0309 KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Listeria spp. KW - Aptamer KW - SELEX KW - Pathogen detection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Runoff-mediated seasonal oscillation in the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in different branches of a large bifurcated estuary-The Changjiang Estuary AU - Guo, Weidong AU - Yang, Liyang AU - Zhai, Weidong AU - Chen, Wenzhao AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Huang, Xiao AU - Li, Yan T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences AB - Abstract The Changjiang Estuary is a large bifurcated estuary where different hydrodynamic processes influence its South Branch compared to its North Branch. The South Branch is the dominant pathway of Changjiang River discharge, while the shallower and narrower North Branch is dominated by salt water intrusion, especially in the dry season. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy were measured along with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations to characterize the properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected in different seasons during an extreme drought year in 2011. The refractory DOM from the Changjiang River flowed mainly through the South Branch, whereas in the lower South Branch, the input from the polluted Huangpu River contributed a large amount of biolabile DOM, demonstrating an anthropogenic perturbation from megacities. The DOM properties in the North Branch showed conservative behavior in the wet season, while noticeable addition was observed in the dry season, accompanied by the reversed flux of DOM from the North Branch to the South Branch, emphasizing the regular seasonal oscillation of the DOM dynamics in this monsoon‐controlled bifurcated estuary. The estuarine turbidity maximum zones played distinct roles on DOM dynamics in different estuarine environments. The DOC and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) abundance in the Changjiang River and other Chinese rivers were at lower levels compared to other world rivers, showing a characteristic of the regional CDOM‐poor features for many East Asia rivers. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1002/2013jg002540 VL - 119 IS - 5 SP - 776-793 J2 - J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. LA - en OP - SN - 2169-8953 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002540 DB - Crossref KW - Changjiang Estuary KW - dissolved organic matter KW - fluorescence KW - bifurcated estuary KW - estuarine turbidity maximum KW - flux ER - TY - JOUR TI - Roller-Crimper Termination for Legume Cover Crops in North Carolina: Impacts on Nutrient Availability to a Succeeding Corn Crop AU - Parr, Mary AU - Grossman, Julie M. AU - Reberg-Horton, S. Chris AU - Brinton, Carrie AU - Crozier, Carl T2 - COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS AB - Nitrogen (N) release from roll-killed legume cover crops was determined for hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and a hairy vetch + rye (Secale cereale L.) biculture in an organic corn production system in North Carolina, USA. Cover crops were planted at two locations in fall 2008 and 2009, roll-killed in May, and no-till planted with corn (Zea mays L.). Inorganic soil N and mineral N flux were determined using potassium chloride (KCl) extractions and ion-exchange resin (Plant Root Simulator, PRS) probes at 2-week intervals for 12 weeks and compared to fertilized controls of 0 and 168 kg N ha−1. In 2009, greater plant available N under hairy vetch than under either 0 N control or crimson clover was found, with peak soil N occurring between 4 and 6 weeks after roll kill. Available soil N under crimson clover mulches was less than or equal to 0 N, suggesting net immobilization. DA - 2014/4/28/ PY - 2014/4/28/ DO - 10.1080/00103624.2013.867061 VL - 45 IS - 8 SP - 1106-1119 SN - 1532-2416 KW - Vicia villosa KW - nutrient cycling KW - N synchrony KW - N mineralization KW - Trifolium incarnatum KW - Legume cover crops KW - organic cropping systems ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multiple vitellogenins and product yolk proteins in striped bass, Morone saxatilis: molecular characterization and processing during oocyte growth and maturation AU - Williams, V. N. AU - Reading, B. J. AU - Hiramatsu, N. AU - Amano, H. AU - Glassbrook, N. AU - Hara, A. AU - Sullivan, C. V. T2 - FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.1007/s10695-013-9852-0 VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 395-415 SN - 1573-5168 KW - Striped bass KW - Vitellogenin KW - Yolk KW - Post-vitellogenic oocytes KW - Ovulated eggs KW - Maturation KW - Mass spectrometry ER - TY - JOUR TI - Monthly to interannual variability of microbial eukaryote assemblages at four depths in the eastern North Pacific AU - Kim, Diane Y. AU - Countway, Peter D. AU - Jones, Adriane C. AU - Schnetzer, Astrid AU - Yamashita, Warren AU - Tung, Christine AU - Caron, David A. T2 - ISME JOURNAL AB - The monthly, seasonal and interannual variability of microbial eukaryote assemblages were examined at 5 m, the deep chlorophyll maximum, 150 m and 500 m at the San Pedro Ocean Time-series station (eastern North Pacific). The depths spanned transitions in temperature, light, nutrients and oxygen, and included a persistently hypoxic environment at 500 m. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for the analysis of 237 samples that were collected between September 2000 and December 2010. Spatiotemporal variability patterns of microeukaryote assemblages indicated the presence of distinct shallow and deep communities at the SPOT station, presumably reflecting taxa that were specifically adapted for the conditions in those environments. Community similarity values between assemblages collected 1 month apart at each depth ranged between ∼20% and ∼84% (averages were ∼50-59%). The assemblage at 5 m was temporally more dynamic than deeper assemblages and also displayed substantial interannual variability during the first ∼3 years of the study. Evidence of seasonality was detected for the microbial eukaryote assemblage at 5 m between January 2008 and December 2010 and at 150 m between September 2000 and December 2003. Seasonality was not detected for assemblages at the deep chlorophyll a maximum, which varied in depth seasonally, or at 500 m. Microbial eukaryote assemblages exhibited cyclical patterns in at least 1 year at each depth, implying an annual resetting of communities. Substantial interannual variability was detected for assemblages at all depths and represented the largest source of temporal variability in this temperate coastal ecosystem. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1038/ismej.2013.173 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 515-530 SN - 1751-7370 KW - 18S rRNA gene KW - microbial eukaryotes KW - protists KW - temporal variability KW - time series ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular methods used to estimate thermal inactivation of a prototype human norovirus: More heat resistant than previously believed? AU - Escudero-Abarca, B. I. AU - Rawsthorne, H. AU - Goulter, R. M. AU - Suh, S. H. AU - Jaykus, L. A. T2 - FOOD MICROBIOLOGY AB - Two molecular-based methods for estimating capsid integrity as a proxy for virus infectivity were used to produce thermal inactivation profiles of Snow Mountain virus (SMV), a prototype human norovirus (HuNoV). Monodispersed virus suspensions were exposed to 77, 80, 82 and 85 °C for various times, pre-treated with either propidium monoazide (PMA) or RNase, and subjected to RNA isolation followed by RT-qPCR amplification. D-values were 25.6 ± 2.8, 3.1 ± 0.1, 0.7 ± 0.04 and 0.2 ± 0.07 min at 77, 80, 82 and 85 °C, respectively for PMA-treated SMV; and 16.4 ± 0.4, 3.9 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.3 and 0.12 ± 0.00 min at 77, 80, 82 and 85 °C, respectively for RNase-treated SMV. Corresponding zD values were 3.80 °C and 3.71 °C for PMA and RNase-treated virus, respectively. Electron microscopy data applied to heat-treated virus-like particles supported this relatively high degree of thermal resistance. The data suggest that SMV is more heat resistant than common cultivable HuNoV surrogates. Standardized thermal inactivation methods (such as milk pasteurization) may not be stringent enough to eliminate this virus and perhaps other HuNoV. DA - 2014/8// PY - 2014/8// DO - 10.1016/j.fm.2014.01.009 VL - 41 SP - 91-95 SN - 1095-9998 KW - Human norovirus KW - Thermal inactivation KW - Heat resistance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Larval dispersal and population connectivity among a network of marine reserves AU - Puckett, Brandon J. AU - Eggleston, David B. AU - Kerr, Patrick C. AU - Luettich, Richard A., Jr. T2 - FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY AB - Abstract A major challenge in marine ecology is describing patterns of larval dispersal and population connectivity, as well as their underlying processes. We used a biophysical model to simulate dispersal of eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica , larvae and connectivity among a network of 10 no‐take reserves in a shallow, wind‐driven estuary to assess the relative importance of spawning location, spawning date, larval behavior, larval mortality, and adult reproductive output to predicted dispersal and connectivity patterns. The location (i.e., natal reserve) and date of spawning relative to physical processes, particularly frequency of wind reversals, were the dominant drivers of dispersal and connectivity patterns. To a lesser extent, larval behavior (i.e., 3D vertical advection and ontogenetic depth regulation) and mortality modified dispersal and connectivity, whereas spatiotemporal variability in adult reproductive output was of minimal importance. Over a 21‐day larval duration, mean dispersal distance of passive surface particles ranged from 5 to 40 km. Reserves were too small (1 km 2 ) relative to mean dispersal distances to promote extensive local retention (median 2%) and spaced too far apart (typically ~50 km) to promote extensive inter‐reserve connectivity (median 2%). Limited connectivity and local retention may preclude the network from being self‐sustainable, thereby limiting its long‐term conservation and management benefits. In reserve systems characterized by limited connectivity, management efforts should focus on increasing connectivity by increasing the number or size of reserves to realize the benefits of improved adult demographics within reserves. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1111/fog.12067 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 342-361 SN - 1365-2419 KW - biophysical model KW - connectivity KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - demographics KW - larval dispersal KW - marine reserves KW - Pamlico Sound ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating Responses of Four Wetland Plant Species to Different Hydroperiods AU - Slusher, C. E. AU - Vepraskas, M. J. AU - Broome, S. W. T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AB - Previous work has estimated the hydroperiod requirements (saturation duration and frequency) of wetland plant communities by modeling their hydrologic regimes in natural (never drained) wetlands for a 40-yr period. This study tested the modeled predictions in a controlled greenhouse study using tree species representing three of the plant communities plus an additional species from another community. Bald cypress ( L. Rich.), sweet bay ( L.), pond pine ( Michx.), and swamp chestnut oak ( Nutt.) were grown under three hydroperiods (continuously ponded for 100 d, intermittently ponded for 14 d, and unsaturated) in loamy sand and sapric (organic) materials. Bald cypress (representing a Nonriverine Swamp Forest community) adapted well to 100 d of ponding by producing lateral roots near the soil surface and aerenchyma tissue in roots and stem. Sweet bay (Bay Forest community) also adapted well to 100 d of ponding by producing adventitious roots on the submerged portion of the stem. Pond pine (Pond Pine Woodland) and swamp chestnut oak (Nonriverine Wet Hardwood Forest) were intolerant of 100 d of ponded conditions. Seventy-five percent of the pond pine seedlings and 87% of the swamp chestnut oak seedlings died in the continuously ponded treatment level, whereas 100% of the bald cypress and 88% of the sweet bay seedlings survived. Results from this study suggest that modeled long-term hydroperiods of natural wetland plant communities can be used for restoration of these communities. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.2134/jeq2013.06.0227 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 723-731 SN - 1537-2537 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating reef fish discard mortality using surface and bottom tagging: effects of hook injury and barotrauma AU - Rudershausen, P.J. AU - Buckel, J.A. AU - Hightower, J.E. T2 - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AB - We estimated survival rates of discarded black sea bass (Centropristis striata) in various release conditions using tag–recapture data. Fish were captured with traps and hook and line from waters 29–34 m deep off coastal North Carolina, USA, marked with internal anchor tags, and observed for release condition. Fish tagged on the bottom using SCUBA served as a control group. Relative return rates for trap-caught fish released at the surface versus bottom provided an estimated survival rate of 0.87 (95% credible interval 0.67–1.18) for surface-released fish. Adjusted for results from the underwater tagging experiment, fish with evidence of external barotrauma had a median survival rate of 0.91 (0.69–1.26) compared with 0.36 (0.17–0.67) for fish with hook trauma and 0.16 (0.08–0.30) for floating or presumably dead fish. Applying these condition-specific estimates of survival to non-tagging fishery data, we estimated a discard survival rate of 0.81 (0.62–1.11) for 11 hook and line data sets from waters 20–35 m deep and 0.86 (0.67–1.17) for 10 trap data sets from waters 11–29 m deep. The tag-return approach using a control group with no fishery-associated trauma represents a method to accurately estimate absolute discard survival of physoclistous reef species. DA - 2014/4// PY - 2014/4// DO - 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0337 VL - 71 IS - 4 SP - 514-520 J2 - Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. LA - en OP - SN - 0706-652X 1205-7533 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0337 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating movement and survival rates of a small saltwater fish using autonomous antenna receiver arrays and passive integrated transponder tags AU - Rudershausen, P. J. AU - Buckel, J. A. AU - Dubreuil, T. AU - O'Donnell, M. J. AU - Hightower, J. E. AU - Poland, S. J. AU - Letcher, B. H. T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 499:177-192 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10656 Estimating movement and survival rates of a small saltwater fish using autonomous antenna receiver arrays and passive integrated transponder tags P. J. Rudershausen1,*, J. A. Buckel1, T. Dubreuil2, M. J. O’Donnell2, J. E. Hightower3, S. J. Poland1, B. H. Letcher2 1Department of Applied Ecology, Center for Marine Science and Technology, North Carolina State University, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA 2USGS/Leetown Science Center, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, One Migratory Way – PO Box 796, Turners Falls, Massachusetts 01376, USA 3U.S. Geological Survey, N.C. Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617, USA *Corresponding author: pjruders@ncsu.edu ABSTRACT: We evaluated the performance of small (12.5 mm long) passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and custom detection antennas for obtaining fine-scale movement and demographic data of mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus in a salt marsh creek. Apparent survival and detection probability were estimated using a Cormack Jolly Seber (CJS) model fitted to detection data collected by an array of 3 vertical antennas from November 2010 to March 2011 and by a single horizontal antenna from April to August 2011. Movement of mummichogs was monitored during the period when the array of vertical antennas was used. Antenna performance was examined in situ using tags placed in wooden dowels (drones) and in live mummichogs. Of the 44 tagged fish, 42 were resighted over the 9 mo monitoring period. The in situ detection probabilities of the drone and live mummichogs were high (~80-100%) when the ambient water depth was less than ~0.8 m. Upstream and downstream movement of mummichogs was related to hourly water depth and direction of tidal current in a way that maximized time periods over which mummichogs utilized the intertidal vegetated marsh. Apparent survival was lower during periods of colder water temperatures in December 2010 and early January 2011 (median estimate of daily apparent survival = 0.979) than during other periods of the study (median estimate of daily apparent survival = 0.992). During late fall and winter, temperature had a positive effect on the CJS detection probability of a tagged mummichog, likely due to greater fish activity over warmer periods. During the spring and summer, this pattern reversed possibly due to mummichogs having reduced activity during the hottest periods. This study demonstrates the utility of PIT tags and continuously operating autonomous detection systems for tracking fish at fine temporal scales, and improving estimates of demographic parameters in salt marsh creeks that are difficult or impractical to sample with active fishing gear. KEY WORDS: PIT tags · Mummichogs · Salt marsh · Cormack Jolly Seber Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Rudershausen PJ, Buckel JA, Dubreuil T, O’Donnell MJ, Hightower JE, Poland SJ, Letcher BH (2014) Estimating movement and survival rates of a small saltwater fish using autonomous antenna receiver arrays and passive integrated transponder tags. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 499:177-192. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10656 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 499. Online publication date: March 03, 2014 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2014 Inter-Research. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.3354/meps10656 VL - 499 SP - 177-192 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Compartment Proteomics Analysis of White Perch (Morone americana) Ovary Using Support Vector Machines AU - Schilling, Justin AU - Nepomuceno, Angelito AU - Schaff, Jennifer E. AU - Muddiman, David C. AU - Daniels, Harry V. AU - Reading, Benjamin J. T2 - JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH AB - Compartment proteomics enable broad characterization of target tissues. We employed a simple fractionation method and filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) to characterize the cytosolic and membrane fractions of white perch ovary tissues by semiquantitative tandem mass spectrometry using label-free quantitation based on normalized spectral counts. FASP depletes both low-molecular-weight and high-molecular-weight substances that could interfere with protein digestion and subsequent peptide separation and detection. Membrane proteins are notoriously difficult to characterize due to their amphipathic nature and association with lipids. The simple fractionation we employed effectively revealed an abundance of proteins from mitochondria and other membrane-bounded organelles. We further demonstrate that support vector machines (SVMs) offer categorical classification of proteomics data superior to that of parametric statistical methods such as analysis of variance (ANOVA). Specifically, SVMs were able to perfectly (100% correct) classify samples as either membrane or cytosolic fraction during cross-validation based on the expression of 242 proteins with the highest ANOVA p-values (i.e., those that were not significant for enrichment in either fraction). The white perch ovary cytosolic and membrane proteomes and transcriptome presented in this study can support future investigations into oogenesis and early embryogenesis of white perch and other members of the genus Morone. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1021/pr401067g VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 1515-1526 SN - 1535-3907 KW - compartment proteomics KW - support vector machines KW - modulated modularity clustering KW - ovary KW - oocytes KW - vitellogenin KW - transcriptome KW - mitochondria KW - alternatively spliced variants ER - TY - JOUR TI - Siderophore-promoted dissolution of chromium from hydroxide minerals AU - Duckworth, Owen W. AU - Akafia, Martin M. AU - Andrews, Megan Y. AU - Bargar, John R. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS AB - Biomolecules have significant impacts on the fate and transport of contaminant metals in soils and natural waters. Siderophores, Fe(III)-binding agents that are exuded by microbes and plants, may form strong complexes with and promote the dissolution of contaminant metal ions, such as Co(III), U(IV), or Pu(IV). Although aqueous Cr(III)-siderophore complexes have been recognized in the laboratory setting for almost 40 years, few studies have explored interactions of siderophores with Cr-bearing minerals or considered their impacts on environmental chemistry. To better understand the possible effects of siderophores on chromium mobility, we conducted a series of dissolution experiments to quantify the dissolution rates of Cr(III)(OH)3 in the presence of hydroxamate, catecholate, and α-hydroxycarboxylate siderophores over a range of environmentally relevant pH values. At pH = 5, dissolution rates in the presence of siderophores are similar to control experiments, suggesting a predominantly proton-promoted dissolution mechanism. At pH = 8, the sorption of the siderophores desferrioxamine B and rhizoferrin can be modeled by using Langmuir isotherms. The dissolution rates for these siderophores are proportional to the surface concentrations of sorbed siderophore, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra of dissolution products indicates the formation of Cr(III)HDFOB+ and Cr(III)rhizoferrin3− complexes, suggesting a ligand-promoted dissolution mechanism at alkaline pH. Because siderophores promote Cr(III)(OH)3 dissolution at rates similar in magnitude to those of iron hydroxides and the resulting Cr(III)-siderophore complexes may be persistent in solution, siderophores could potentially contribute to the mobilization of Cr in soils and sediments where it is abundant due to geological or anthropogenic sources. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1039/c3em00717k VL - 16 IS - 6 SP - 1348-1359 SN - 2050-7895 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84901660425&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meloxicam pharmacokinetics using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling in ferrets after single subcutaneous administration AU - Chinnadurai, S. K. AU - Messenger, K. M. AU - Papich, M. G. AU - Harms, C. A. T2 - Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics AB - This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam, an oxicam class, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ( NSAID ), in ferrets. We determined the pharmacokinetic properties of a single subcutaneous dose of meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) in nine male and nine female ferrets. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture of the cranial vena cava into heparinized syringes. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were determined by high‐pressure liquid chromatography ( HPLC ). Pharmacokinetic variables were calculated using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling to take advantage of the population‐based sampling scheme and to minimize sample volume collected per animal. Maximum plasma concentration, volume of distribution per absorption, and elimination half‐life were 0.663 μ g/mL, 0.21 L, and 11.4 h, respectively, for females and 0.920 μ g/mL, 0.35 L, and 17.8 h, respectively, for males. Significant differences were found in each of the above parameters between male and female ferrets. Systemic clearance per absorption was not affected by gender and was 13.4 mL/h. Analgesic efficacy was not evaluated, but plasma meloxicam concentrations achieved in these animals are considered effective in other species. Sex differences in the pharmacokinetic behavior of meloxicam should be taken into consideration when treating ferrets. DA - 2014/2/1/ PY - 2014/2/1/ DO - 10.1111/jvp.12099 VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 382-387 J2 - J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. LA - en OP - SN - 0140-7783 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12099 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving mass-wasting inventories by incorporating debris flow topographic signatures AU - Lyons, N.J. AU - Mitasova, Helena AU - Wegmann, K.W. T2 - Landslides DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1007/s10346-013-0398-0 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 385-397 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84902003440&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - American Shad Migratory Behavior, Weight Loss, Survival, and Abundance in a North Carolina River following Dam Removals AU - Raabe, Joshua K. AU - Hightower, Joseph E. T2 - TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY AB - Abstract Despite extensive management and research, populations of American Shad Alosa sapidissima have experienced prolonged declines, and uncertainty about the underlying mechanisms causing these declines remains. In the springs of 2007 through 2010, we used a resistance board weir and PIT technology to capture, tag, and track American Shad in the Little River, North Carolina, a tributary to the Neuse River with complete and partial removals of low‐head dams. Our objectives were to examine migratory behaviors and estimate weight loss, survival, and abundance during each spawning season. Males typically immigrated earlier than females and also used upstream habitat at a higher percentage, but otherwise exhibited relatively similar migratory patterns. Proportional weight loss displayed a strong positive relationship with both cumulative water temperature during residence time and number of days spent upstream, and to a lesser extent, minimum distance the fish traveled in the river. Surviving emigrating males lost up to 30% of their initial weight and females lost up to 50% of their initial weight, indicating there are potential survival thresholds. Survival for the spawning season was low and estimates ranged from 0.07 to 0.17; no distinct factors (e.g., sex, size, migration distance) that could contribute to survival were detected. Sampled and estimated American Shad abundance increased from 2007 through 2009, but was lower in 2010. Our study provides substantial new information about American Shad spawning that may aid restoration efforts. DA - 2014/5/4/ PY - 2014/5/4/ DO - 10.1080/00028487.2014.882410 VL - 143 IS - 3 SP - 673-688 SN - 1548-8659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of Bacteroidales Microbial Source Tracking To Monitor Fecal Contamination in Fresh Produce Production AU - Ravaliya, Kruti AU - Gentry-Shields, Jennifer AU - Garcia, Santos AU - Heredia, Norma AU - Aceituno, Anna Fabiszewski AU - Bartz, Faith E. AU - Leon, Juan S. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - In recent decades, fresh and minimally processed produce items have been associated with an increasing proportion of food-borne illnesses. Most pathogens associated with fresh produce are enteric (fecal) in origin, and contamination can occur anywhere along the farm-to-fork chain. Microbial source tracking (MST) is a tool developed in the environmental microbiology field to identify and quantify the dominant source(s) of fecal contamination. This study investigated the utility of an MST method based on Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene sequences as a means of identifying potential fecal contamination, and its source, in the fresh produce production environment. The method was applied to rinses of fresh produce, source and irrigation waters, and harvester hand rinses collected over the course of 1 year from nine farms (growing tomatoes, jalapeño peppers, and cantaloupe) in Northern Mexico. Of 174 samples, 39% were positive for a universal Bacteroidales marker (AllBac), including 66% of samples from cantaloupe farms (3.6 log10 genome equivalence copies [GEC]/100 ml), 31% of samples from tomato farms (1.7 log10 GEC/100 ml), and 18% of samples from jalapeño farms (1.5 log10 GEC/100 ml). Of 68 AllBac-positive samples, 46% were positive for one of three human-specific markers, and none were positive for a bovine-specific marker. There was no statistically significant correlation between Bacteroidales and generic Escherichia coli across all samples. This study provides evidence that Bacteroidales markers may serve as alternative indicators for fecal contamination in fresh produce production, allowing for determination of both general contamination and that derived from the human host. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1128/aem.02891-13 VL - 80 IS - 2 SP - 612-617 SN - 1098-5336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sedimentary processes, on the Mekong subaqueous delta: Clay mineral and geochemical analysis AU - Xue, Zuo AU - Liu, J. Paul AU - DeMaster, Dave AU - Leithold, Elana L. AU - Wan, Shiming AU - Ge, Qian AU - Nguyen, Van Lap AU - Ta, Thi Kim Oanh T2 - JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES AB - Sedimentary processes on the inner Mekong Shelf were investigated by examining the characteristics of sediments sampled in gravity cores at 15 locations, including grain size, clay mineralogy, sediment accumulation rates, and the elemental and stable carbon isotopic composition of organic matter (atomic C/N ratios and δ13C). Deltaic deposits exhibit contrasting characteristics along different sides of the delta plain (South China Sea, SCS hereafter, to the east and Gulf of Thailand, GOT hereafter, to the west) as well as on and off the subaqueous deltaic system. On one hand, cores recovered from the subaqueous delta in the SCS/GOT are consisted of poorly/well sorted sediments with similar/different clay mineral assemblage with/from Mekong sediments. Excess 210Pb profiles, supported by 14C chronologies, indicate either “non-steady” (SCS side) or “rapid accumulation” (GOT side) processes on the subaqueous delta. The δ13C and C/N ratio indicate a mixture of terrestrial and marine-sourced organic matter in the deltaic sediment. On the other hand, cores recovered from areas with no deltaic deposits or seaward of the subaqueous delta show excess 210Pb profiles indicating “steady-state” accumulation with a greater proportion of marine-sourced organic matter. Core analysis’s relevance with local depositional environment and previous acoustic profiling are discussed. DA - 2014/1/5/ PY - 2014/1/5/ DO - 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.07.012 VL - 79 SP - 520-528 SN - 1878-5786 KW - South China Sea KW - Mekong River Delta KW - Clay mineralogy KW - Organic carbon KW - Depositional environment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multivariate Regression Analysis and Statistical Modeling for Summer Extreme Precipitation over the Yangtze River Basin, China AU - Gao, Tao AU - Xie, Lian T2 - ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY AB - Extreme precipitation is likely to be one of the most severe meteorological disasters in China; however, studies on the physical factors affecting precipitation extremes and corresponding prediction models are not accurately available. From a new point of view, the sensible heat flux (SHF) and latent heat flux (LHF), which have significant impacts on summer extreme rainfall in Yangtze River basin (YRB), have been quantified and then selections of the impact factors are conducted. Firstly, a regional extreme precipitation index was applied to determine Regions of Significant Correlation (RSC) by analyzing spatial distribution of correlation coefficients between this index and SHF, LHF, and sea surface temperature (SST) on global ocean scale; then the time series of SHF, LHF, and SST in RSCs during 1967–2010 were selected. Furthermore, other factors that significantly affect variations in precipitation extremes over YRB were also selected. The methods of multiple stepwise regression and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) were utilized to analyze and test influencing factors and statistical prediction model. The correlation coefficient between observed regional extreme index and model simulation result is 0.85, with significant level at 99%. This suggested that the forecast skill was acceptable although many aspects of the prediction model should be improved. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1155/2014/269059 VL - 2014 SP - SN - 1687-9317 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of hypoxia-induced habitat compression on growth of juvenile fish in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA AU - Campbell, Lindsay A. AU - Rice, James A. T2 - MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 497:199-213 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10607 Effects of hypoxia-induced habitat compression on growth of juvenile fish in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA Lindsay A. Campbell*, James A. Rice Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA *Corresponding author: laglass@ncsu.edu ABSTRACT: Hypoxia is thought to have negative effects on fish in coastal ecosystems, but quantifying those effects can be difficult. Direct exposure to hypoxia can reduce fish growth or survival, but fish can also rapidly detect and avoid low dissolved oxygen levels. However, avoidance behavior may result in indirect effects that reduce fish growth. For example, when hypoxic conditions expand, fish densities may increase in nearshore oxygenated refuges, potentially causing density-dependent reductions in growth. We evaluated this hypothesis for juvenile demersal fish species (primarily spot Leiostomus xanthurus and Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus). By monitoring water quality and fish density across the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA, under varying water quality conditions during summer 2007, we showed that fish effectively avoided hypoxia despite rapidly changing conditions (minutes to hours), moving away from incursions of hypoxic water and then rapidly redistributing into affected areas after these events passed. Fish densities in nearshore oxygenated refuges increased nearly 2-fold when habitat was compressed by hypoxic waters. Spot in compressed refuges also had significantly less food in their stomachs during June. Based on published estimates of density-dependent spot growth, we estimated that average spot growth rate was reduced 17% during habitat compression events, which occurred 21.5% of the time, translating into an average reduction in growth rate of 4% over the summer. This likely is a conservative estimate of indirect hypoxia effects on growth, as hypoxia was relatively mild in 2007, and density dependence is only one indirect mechanism by which hypoxia may potentially reduce growth. KEY WORDS: Hypoxia · Leiostomus xanthurus · Density-dependent growth · Habitat compression · Neuse River Estuary Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Campbell LA, Rice JA (2014) Effects of hypoxia-induced habitat compression on growth of juvenile fish in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 497:199-213. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10607 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 497. Online publication date: February 05, 2014 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2014 Inter-Research. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.3354/meps10607 VL - 497 SP - 199-213 SN - 1616-1599 KW - Hypoxia KW - Leiostomus xanthurus KW - Density-dependent growth KW - Habitat compression KW - Neuse River Estuary ER - TY - JOUR TI - A spatial capture-recapture model to estimate fish survival and location from linear continuous monitoring arrays AU - Raabe, Joshua K. AU - Gardner, Beth AU - Hightower, Joseph E. T2 - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES AB - We developed a spatial capture–recapture model to evaluate survival and activity centres (i.e., mean locations) of tagged individuals detected along a linear array. Our spatially explicit version of the Cormack–Jolly–Seber model, analyzed using a Bayesian framework, correlates movement between periods and can incorporate environmental or other covariates. We demonstrate the model using 2010 data for anadromous American shad (Alosa sapidissima) tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT) at a weir near the mouth of a North Carolina river and passively monitored with an upstream array of PIT antennas. The river channel constrained migrations, resulting in linear, one-dimensional encounter histories that included both weir captures and antenna detections. Individual activity centres in a given time period were a function of the individual’s previous estimated location and the river conditions (i.e., gage height). Model results indicate high within-river spawning mortality (mean weekly survival = 0.80) and more extensive movements during elevated river conditions. This model is applicable for any linear array (e.g., rivers, shorelines, and corridors), opening new opportunities to study demographic parameters, movement or migration, and habitat use. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0198 VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 120-130 SN - 1205-7533 ER - TY - JOUR TI - White Perch in Small North Carolina Reservoirs: What Explains Variation in Population Structure? AU - Bethke, Bethany J. AU - Rice, James A. AU - Aday, D. Derek T2 - TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY AB - Abstract White Perch Morone americana have been introduced into many inland systems throughout the United States. To determine factors affecting White Perch abundance and size structure, we compared White Perch growth, timing of maturity, and trophic level; the abundance of a predator (Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides ); the abundance of an ecologically significant mid‐level omnivore (Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum ); prey availability (chironomid and zooplankton abundances); and environmental variables (specific conductivity, Secchi depth, dissolved oxygen concentration, and temperature) among four reservoirs (two with high White Perch abundance and two with low abundance). White Perch size structure was closely tied to abundance, with truncated size structure as abundance increased. Among the other variables we tested, only Largemouth Bass abundance had a significant (negative) relationship with White Perch abundance. White Perch size structure appeared to be highly density dependent, and variables that commonly explain variation in abundance of introduced fishes did not explain differences in the four White Perch populations we studied. Further study of the competitive and predatory interactions of White Perch and Largemouth Bass over ontogeny could shed light on the mechanism(s) potentially shaping population structure of the two species where they coexist. DA - 2014/1/1/ PY - 2014/1/1/ DO - 10.1080/00028487.2013.830989 VL - 143 IS - 1 SP - 77-84 SN - 1548-8659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Response of Estuarine Fish to Large-Scale Oyster Reef Restoration AU - Pierson, Katherine J. AU - Eggleston, David B. T2 - TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY AB - Abstract Restoration of oyster reefs is increasing worldwide due to oyster populations reaching historic lows and recognition of the many ecosystem services provided by oyster reefs, such as essential fish habitat. This study took advantage of an existing network of subtidal oyster reefs and a large‐scale oyster reef restoration effort in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, to (1) compare estuarine fish assemblages on oyster reefs with those on unstructured bottom, (2) identify the short‐term change in fish abundance and richness in response to reef creation, and (3) identify spatiotemporal trends in fish abundance and richness. We quantified transient and reef fish using gill nets and fish traps, respectively. Oyster reefs harbored more unique species than unstructured bottom, thereby enhancing the overall diversity of estuarine fish assemblages. Fish abundance on recently created experimental reefs (6–8 months postconstruction) was similar to that on control reefs that were 4–6 years old, suggesting rapid colonization of new reefs. Fish diversity at 1 of 2 sites actually decreased on control reefs after reef construction, suggesting that rapid colonization of new reefs was due, in part, to the movement of fish from old to new reefs. Information on the distribution, abundance, and diversity of estuarine fish in relation to restored oyster reefs will improve our understanding of oyster reefs as essential fish habitat. DA - 2014/1/1/ PY - 2014/1/1/ DO - 10.1080/00028487.2013.847863 VL - 143 IS - 1 SP - 273-288 SN - 1548-8659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrogen Management for High Population Corn Production in Wide and Narrow Rows AU - Crozier, Carl R. AU - Gehl, Ronald J. AU - Hardy, David H. AU - Heiniger, Ronnie W. T2 - AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB - Recent trends of planting corn ( Zea mays L.) at higher populations and in narrower rows could influence optimum N management. This study investigates the effects of N rates (0–224 kg ha –1 N plus a low rate of uniformly applied starter) and timing (at planting, V5–V7 sidedress) on corn in wide and narrow rows (76–102 cm vs. 38–51 cm) at 13 sites over 3 yr in North Carolina. Early season N uptake, grain yield, and yield components were measured. Delaying N until sidedress increased yields, but there was an interaction effect with row spacing. Yields were greater with narrow rows and sidedress N (11.7 Mg ha –1 ) than with narrow rows and all N at planting (11.0 Mg ha –1 ) or with wide rows fertilized at either time (11.0 Mg ha –1 ), when averaged across N rates. Three ear yield components increased in response to N fertilization, leading to a 35% yield increase. Rows per ear increased from 15.5 to 15.9 ear –1 , kernels per row increased from 27 to 32 row –1 , and individual kernel mass increased from 226 to 253 mg. Aboveground plant N uptake by the V5 to V7 growth stage was only 9 kg ha –1 , with very little additional N uptake in response to higher N rates. Sidedress N application at V5 to V7 maximized the formation of the ear yield components and grain yield for high population corn in narrow rows, but N timing did not affect yield or ear yield components of wide‐row corn. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.2134/agronj2013.0280 VL - 106 IS - 1 SP - 66-72 SN - 1435-0645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Low residue euthanasia of stranded mysticetes AU - Harms, Craig A. AU - McLellan, William A. AU - Moore, Michael J. AU - Barco, Susan G. AU - Clarke, Elsburgh O., III AU - Thayer, Victoria G. AU - Rowles, Teresa K. T2 - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AB - Euthanasia of stranded large whales poses logistic, safety, pharmaceutical, delivery, public relations, and disposal challenges. Reasonable arguments may be made for allowing a stranded whale to expire naturally. However, slow cardiovascular collapse from gravitational effects outside of neutral buoyancy, often combined with severely debilitating conditions, motivate humane efforts to end the animal's suffering. The size of the animal and prevailing environmental conditions often pose safety concerns for stranding personnel, which take priority over other considerations. When considering chemical euthanasia, the size of the animal also necessitates large quantities of euthanasia agents. Drug residues are a concern for relay toxicity to scavengers, particularly for pentobarbital-containing euthanasia solutions. Pentobarbital is also an environmental concern because of its stability and long persistence in aquatic environments. We describe a euthanasia technique for stranded mysticetes using readily available, relatively inexpensive, preanesthetic and anesthetic drugs (midazolam, acepromazine, xylazine) followed by saturated KCl delivered via custom-made needles and a low-cost, basic, pressurized canister. This method provides effective euthanasia while moderating personnel exposure to hazardous situations and minimizing drug residues of concern for relay toxicity. DA - 2014/1// PY - 2014/1// DO - 10.7589/2013-03-074 VL - 50 IS - 1 SP - 63-73 SN - 0090-3558 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2013-03-074 KW - Analgesia KW - beaching KW - drug residue KW - euthanasia KW - mysticete KW - relay toxicity KW - sedation KW - stranding ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development and evaluation of aptamer magnetic capture assay in conjunction with real-time PCR for detection of Campylobacter jejuni AU - Suh, Soo Hwan AU - Dwivedi, Had P. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - A prototype method for the concentration and detection of Campylobacter jejuni was developed using a previously reported biotinylated DNA aptamer in conjunction with qPCR. The so-called aptamer-based magnetic capture-qPCR (AMC-qPCR) assay was compared to a similar immunomagnetic separation (IMS)-qPCR assay. In small volume experiments (300 μl) applied to serially diluted C. jejuni suspended in buffer containing a mixed culture of other common food borne pathogens, the lower detection limit of the AMC-qPCR method was 1.1 log10/300 μl C. jejuni cells, one log10 better (lower) than that of IMS-qPCR (2.1 log10 CFU/300 μl). AMC-qPCR capture efficiency was 10–13% at assay detection limit. In 10 ml scale-up experiments, the lower detection limit of AMC-qPCR was 2.0 log10 CFU/10 ml with corresponding capture efficiency of 4–7%. Nucleic acid aptamers are promising alternatives to antibodies for magnetic bead-based capture followed by qPCR detection. DA - 2014/5// PY - 2014/5// DO - 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.12.012 VL - 56 IS - 2 SP - 256-260 SN - 1096-1127 KW - Aptamer KW - Aptamer magnetic capture KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Real-time PCR KW - Pathogen detection ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acoustic response of submarine volcanoes in the Tofua Arc and northern Lau Basin to two great earthquakes AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Dziak, Robert P. AU - Matsumoto, Haru AU - Conder, James A. T2 - GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL AB - Using a short-baseline hydrophone array, persistent volcanoacoustic sources are identified within the ambient noise field of the Lau Basin during the period between 2009 January and 2010 April. The submarine volcano West Mata and adjacent volcanic terrains, including the northern Matas and Volcano O, are the most active acoustic sources during the 15-month period of observation. Other areas of long-term activity include the Niua hydrothermal field, the volcanic islands of Hunga Ha'apai, Founalei, Niuatoputapu and Niuafo'ou, two seamounts located along the southern Tofua Arc and at least three unknown sites within the northern Lau Basin. Following the great Samoan earthquake on 2009 September 29, seven of the volcanoacoustic sources identified exhibit increases in the rate of acoustic detection. These changes persist over timescales of days-to-months and are observed up to 900 km from the earthquake hypocentre. At least one of the volcanoacoustic sources that did not respond to the 2009 Samoan earthquake exhibits an increase in detection rate following the great Mw 8.8 Chile earthquake that occurred at a distance of ∼9500 km on 2010 February 27. These observations suggest that great earthquakes may have undocumented impacts on Earth's vast submarine volcanic systems, potentially increasing the short-term flux of magma and volcanic gas into the overlying ocean. DA - 2014/3// PY - 2014/3// DO - 10.1093/gji/ggt472 VL - 196 IS - 3 SP - 1657-1675 SN - 1365-246X KW - Volcano seismology KW - Volcanic arc processes KW - Backarc basin processes KW - Subaqueous volcanism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Submicrometre particle filtration with a dc activated plasma textile AU - Rasipuram, S. C. AU - Wu, M. AU - Kuznetsov, I. A. AU - Kuznetsov, A. V. AU - Levine, J. F. AU - Jasper, W. J. AU - Saveliev, A. V. T2 - JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS AB - Plasma textiles are novel fabrics incorporating the advantages of cold plasma and low-cost non-woven or woven textile fabrics. In plasma textiles, electrodes are integrated into the fabric, and a corona discharge is activated within and on the surface of the fabric by applying high voltages above 10 kV between the electrodes. When the plasma textile is activated, submicrometre particles approaching the textile are charged by the deposition of ions and electrons produced by the corona, and then collected by the textile material. A stable plasma discharge was experimentally verified on the surface of the textile that was locally smooth but not rigid. A filtration efficiency close to 100% was observed in experiments conducted on salt particles with diameters ranging from 50 to 300 nm. Unlike conventional fibrous filters, the plasma textile provided uniform filtration in this range, without exhibiting a maximum particle penetration size. DA - 2014/1/15/ PY - 2014/1/15/ DO - 10.1088/0022-3727/47/2/025201 VL - 47 IS - 2 SP - SN - 1361-6463 KW - non-thermal plasmas KW - filtration KW - corona discharge KW - plasma textile ER -