TY - JOUR TI - Coastal ocean circulation influences on remotely sensed optical properties: a west Florida shelf case study AU - Weisberg, Robert H AU - He, Ruoying AU - Kirkpatrick, Gary AU - Muller-Karger, Frank E AU - Walsh, John J DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Adjoint Data Assimilative Model Study of the Gulf of Maine Coastal Circulation C2 - 2004/// C3 - AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts DA - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Improving Coastal Ocean Modeling Using In-Situ Data AU - Weisberg, Robert H AU - He, R AU - Liu, Y C2 - 2004/// C3 - 8th Symposium on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for Atmosphere, Oceans and Land Surfaces, 84th AMS Annual Meeting DA - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Data Analyses in Support of West Florida Shelf Modeling AU - Alvera-Azcárate, Aida AU - Barth, Alexander AU - He, Ruoying AU - Helber, Robert W AU - Law, Jay AU - Weisberg, Robert H DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Coupled biophysical models of Florida red tides AU - Walsh, John J AU - Dieterle, Dwight A AU - Darrow, Brian P AU - Milroy, Scott P AU - Jolliff, Jason K AU - Lenes, Jason M AU - Weisberg, Robert H AU - He, Ruoying C2 - 2004/// C3 - Harmful Algae 2002, Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Harmful Algae. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Institute of Oceanography and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris DA - 2004/// SP - 519-521 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coastal ocean wind fields gauged against the performance of an ocean circulation model AU - He, Ruoying AU - Liu, Yonggang AU - Weisberg, Robert H T2 - Geophysical research letters DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 31 IS - 14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coastal Ocean Circulation Influences on Remotely Sensed Optical Properties: A West Florida Shelf Case Study AU - Weisberg, Robert AU - He, Ruoying AU - Kirkpatrick, Gary AU - Muller-Karger, Frank AU - Walsh, John T2 - Oceanography AB - Author Posting. © Oceanography Society, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 17, 2 (2004): 68-75. DA - 2004/6/1/ PY - 2004/6/1/ DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2004.49 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 68-75 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Yakima River Floodplain Mining Impact Study AU - Clark, K. AU - Erickson, S. AU - Knapp, A. AU - Plotnikoff, R. AU - Raforth, R. AU - Wiseman, C. AU - Johnson, C. AU - Norman, D. AU - Wegmann, K. AU - Cummins, J. AU - Easterbrooks, J. AU - Kohr, J. AU - Fast, D. AU - Nicolai, S. AU - Ring, Tom AU - Alvord, J. AU - Kalbfleisch, W. AU - Martinez, N. AU - Irle, O. AU - Reed, K. A3 - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - 2004-8 M3 - Open File Report PB - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources SN - 2004-8 UR - https://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/ger_ofr2004-8_yakima_floodplain_mining_impact_text.pdf ER - TY - CONF TI - The Current Status Of Veterinary Student Training (Related To Fish Medicine) AU - Lewbart, G.A. AU - Harms, C.A. AU - Noga, E.J. AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Law, M. AU - Stoskopf, M.K. T2 - NCSU-CVM International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine C2 - 2004/4// C3 - International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2004/4// PY - 2004/4// ER - TY - CONF TI - Endocrine characteristics Of female Pallasf Cats Maintenance Under Artificial Lighting AU - Huy, A. AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, S. AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Brown, J. T2 - College of Veterinary Medicine Research Forum C2 - 2004/4// CY - Raleigh, NC DA - 2004/4// PY - 2004/4// ER - TY - CONF TI - Critical Factors for the Establishment of Biosafety Level-3 Aquaria AU - Shivappa, R.B. AU - Corsin, F. AU - Levine, J.F. T2 - Eastern Fish Health Workshop C2 - 2004/3// DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// ER - TY - CONF TI - The Margaritiferidae Again Revisited: a Test of Smith (2001) AU - Bogan, A.E. AU - Hoeh, W.R. AU - Araujo, R. AU - Raley, M.E. AU - Curole, J. AU - Wade, D.E. AU - Huang, Y.Y. AU - Levine, J.F. T2 - Freshwater Mussel Conservation Society Genetics Workshop C2 - 2004/// CY - National Conservation Training Center, Shepardstown, West Virginia DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/6/29/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Comparison Of Individual Animal And Pooled Sampling Strategies For Detecting Bacterial Pathogens In Fish For Inspection Purposes AU - Patterson, C AU - Mumford, S AU - Evered, J AU - Brunson, R AU - Levine, Jf AU - Winton, J T2 - 45th Annual Western Fish Disease Workshop C2 - 2004/6// CY - Juneau, Alaska DA - 2004/6// PY - 2004/6// ER - TY - CONF TI - Hemolymph as an Alternative Source Of DNA For Genetic Investigations In Freshwater Mussels AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Raley, ME AU - Bogan, AE T2 - Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Genetics Workshop C2 - 2004/6// CY - Shepherdstown, WA DA - 2004/6// PY - 2004/6// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Viral diseases of ornamental carp in the US AU - Shivappa, R. AU - Kozlowicz, S. AU - Levine, JF T2 - Global Aquaculture Advocate DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 7 SP - 88–89 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Aquatic Animal Epidemiology and Conservation Genomics AU - Levine, J.F. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hurricane Isabel and the NC 12 Hotspots AU - Overton, M.F. AU - Fisher, J.S. T2 - Shore and Beach DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 72 IS - 2 SP - 30–35 ER - TY - CONF TI - Water quality impairment in the Neuse Estuary from nutrient loading: progress and ongoing challenges AU - Burkholder, J.A. AU - Glasgow, H. AU - Melia, G. AU - Kinder, C. AU - Reed, R. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Research Institute Conference DA - 2004/// PB - University of North Carolina Water Resources Research Institute ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bacterial metabolism, aromatic biodegradation, and lignin biogeochemistry in sediment cores from Pearl Harbor, Hawai’i AU - Montgomery, M.T. AU - Osburn, C.L. A3 - Naval Research Laboratory DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// M1 - NRL/FR/6114--04-10,077 M3 - Formal Report PB - Naval Research Laboratory SN - NRL/FR/6114--04-10,077 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Externality effects of small-scale hazardous waste sites: evidence from urban commercial property markets AU - Ihlanfeldt, Keith R. AU - Taylor, Laura O. T2 - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management AB - Studies have found that severely contaminated properties, such as those on the U.S. EPA's National Priority List (NPL), reduce the value of nearby single-family homes. However, the vast majority of hazardous waste sites (HWS) are not so severely contaminated as those on the NPL. We also know little about HWS effects on other land-uses such as commercial and industrial properties, which may be of greater interest since these properties are more likely to be located near contaminated sites. Using data for Atlanta, Georgia, HWS are found to negatively affect the market value of nearby commercial and industrial properties. Although none of the HWS in this study are on the NPL, their impacts are estimated to be quite substantial in magnitude. Estimates of the total value losses caused by many of the sites are sufficiently large relative to the cost of remediation to justify tax-increment financing as a clean-up option. DA - 2004/1// PY - 2004/1// DO - 10.1016/S0095-0696(03)00070-6 VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 117-139 J2 - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management LA - en OP - SN - 0095-0696 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0095-0696(03)00070-6 DB - Crossref KW - hazardous waste sites KW - hedonic models KW - commercial property markets ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evidence of a recent magma dike intrusion at the slow spreading Lucky Strike segment, Mid-Atlantic Ridge AU - Dziak, Robert P. AU - Smith, Deborah K. AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Fox, Christopher G. AU - Debruyeres, Daniel AU - Matsumoto, Haru AU - Tolstoy, Maya AU - Fornari, Daniel J. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth AB - Mid‐ocean ridge volcanic activity is the fundamental process for creation of ocean crust, yet the dynamics of magma emplacement along the slow spreading Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR) are largely unknown. We present acoustical, seismological, and biological evidence of a magmatic dike intrusion at the Lucky Strike segment, the first detected from the deeper sections (>1500 m) of the MAR. The dike caused the largest teleseismic earthquake swarm recorded at Lucky Strike in >20 years of seismic monitoring, and one of the largest ever recorded on the northern MAR. Hydrophone records indicate that the rate of earthquake activity decays in a nontectonic manner and that the onset of the swarm was accompanied by 30 min of broadband (>3 Hz) intrusion tremor, suggesting a volcanic origin. Two submersible investigations of high‐temperature vents located at the summit of Lucky Strike Seamount 3 months and 1 year after the swarm showed a significant increase in microbial activity and diffuse venting. This magmatic episode may represent one form of volcanism along the MAR, where highly focused pockets of magma are intruded sporadically into the shallow ocean crust beneath long‐lived, discrete volcanic structures recharging preexisting seafloor hydrothermal vents and ecosystems. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1029/2004JB003141 VL - 109 IS - B12 SN - 0148-0227 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003141 KW - Mid-Atlantic Ridge KW - earthquake KW - hydroacoustic ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coastal ocean wind fields gauged against the performance of an ocean circulation model AU - He, Ruoying T2 - Geophysical Research Letters AB - Atmosphere model‐derived flux fields are used to force coastal ocean models. Coarse resolution and incomplete boundary layer dynamics limit the accuracy of these forcing fields and hence the performance of the ocean models. We address this limitation for the west Florida shelf using optimal interpolation to blend winds measured in situ with winds produced by model analyses. By improving the coastal wind field we improve the fidelity between currents modeled and currents observed. Comparisons between momentum analyses performed independently from the model and the data demonstrate the fidelity to be of a correct dynamical basis. We conclude that the primary limitation to coastal ocean model performance lies with the boundary conditions. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1029/2003GL019261 VL - 31 IS - 14 J2 - Geophys. Res. Lett. LA - en OP - SN - 0094-8276 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019261 DB - Crossref ER - TY - BOOK TI - Proterozoic metamorphism of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana AU - Cheney, J.T. AU - Brady, J.B. AU - Tierney, K.A. AU - DeGraff, K.A. AU - Mohlman, H.K. AU - Frisch, J.D. AU - Hatch, C.E. AU - Steiner, M.L. AU - Carmichael, S.K. AU - Fisher, R.G.M. AU - Tuit, C.B. AU - Steffen, K.J. AU - Cady, P. AU - Lowell, J. AU - Archuleta, L.L. AU - Hirst, J. AU - Wegmann, K.W. AU - Monteleone, B. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1130/0-8137-2377-9.105 VL - 377 SE - 105-129 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84871075477&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cohesive sediment transport in the 3D-hydrodynamic-baroclinic circulation model, AU - Pandoe, Wahyu W. AU - Edge, Billy L. T2 - Ocean Engineering AB - This work provides a general hydrodynamic circulation model that can be used to understand density driven flows, which may arise in the case of suspension of fine-grained materials. The research is expected to provide a better understanding of the characteristics of spatial and temporal variability of current, which is associated with the period of ebb and flood tidal cycles. The model development includes extending the existing three-dimensional (3D) ADCIRC model with (1) baroclinic forcing term and (2) transport module of suspended and soluble materials. The transport module covers the erosion, material suspension and deposition processes for cohesive type sediment. In the case of an idealized tidal inlet in stratified water, the inclusion of baroclinic term can demonstrate the prevailing longshore sediment transport. It is shown that the model has application to the transport of the cohesive sediments from the mouth of the Mississippi River along the north shore of the Gulf of Mexico towards and along the Texas coast. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2004.04.007 VL - 31 IS - 17-18 SP - 2227-2252 J2 - Ocean Engineering LA - en OP - SN - 0029-8018 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2004.04.007 DB - Crossref KW - three-dimensional KW - baroclinic KW - saline wedge KW - cohesive sediment transport KW - longshore transport ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tectonic/volcanic segmentation and controls on hydrothermal venting along Earth's fastest seafloor spreading system, EPR 27°-32°S AU - Hey, Richard AU - Baker, Edward AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne AU - Massoth, Gary AU - Kleinrock, Martin AU - Martinez, Fernando AU - Naar, David AU - Pardee, Debra AU - Lupton, John AU - Feely, Richard AU - Gharib, Jim AU - Resing, Joe AU - Rodrigo, Cristian AU - Sansone, Francis AU - Walker, Sharon T2 - Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems AB - We have collected 12 kHz SeaBeam bathymetry and 120 kHz DSL‐120 side‐scan sonar and bathymetry data to determine the tectonic and volcanic segmentation along the fastest spreading (∼150 km/Myr) part of the global mid‐ocean ridge system, the southern East Pacific Rise between the Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates. This area is presently reorganizing by large‐scale dueling rift propagation and possible protomicroplate tectonics. Fracture patterns observed in the side‐scan data define structural segmentation scales along these ridge segments. These sometimes, but not always, correlate with linear volcanic systems defining segmentation in the SeaBeam data. Some of the subsegments behave cohesively, with in‐phase tectonic activity, while fundamental discontinuities occur between other subsegments. We also collected hydrothermal plume data using sensors mounted on the DSL‐120 instrument package, as well as CTDO tow‐yos, to determine detailed structural and volcanic controls on the hydrothermal vent pattern observed along 600 km of the Pacific‐Nazca axis. Here we report the first rigorous correlation between coregistered hydrothermal plume and high‐resolution marine geophysical data on similar scales and over multisegment distances. Major plume concentrations were usually found where axial inflation was relatively high and fracture density was relatively low. These correlations suggest that hydrothermal venting is most active where the apparent magmatic budget is greatest, resulting in recent eruptions that have paved over the neovolcanic zone. Areas of voluminous acoustically dark young lava flows produced from recent fissure eruptions correlate with many of the major hydrothermal vent areas. Increased crustal permeability, as gauged by increased fracture density, does not enhance hydrothermal venting in this area. Axial summit troughs and graben are rare, probably because of frequent volcanic resurfacing in this superfast spreading environment, and are not good predictors of hydrothermal activity here. Many of the hydrothermal areas are found in inflated areas near the ends of segments, suggesting that abundant magma is being supplied to these areas. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1029/2004GC000764 VL - 5 IS - 12 SP - n/a-n/a J2 - Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. LA - en OP - SN - 1525-2027 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000764 DB - Crossref KW - seafloor spreading KW - mid-ocean ridges KW - hydrothermal plumes KW - marine geology and geophysics : midocean ridge processes KW - marine geology and geophysics : seafloor morphology and bottom photography KW - marine geology and geophysics : instruments and techniques KW - oceanography : biological and chemical : hydrothermal systems KW - tectonophysics : plate boundary, general ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of storage methods for reverse-transcriptase PCR amplification of rotavirus RNA from gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla) fecal samples AU - Whittier, Christopher A AU - Horne, William AU - Slenning, Barrett AU - Loomis, Michael AU - Stoskopf, Michael K T2 - Journal of Virological Methods AB - Detection of enteric viral nucleic acids in preserved gorilla fecal specimens was investigated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). A commercially available viral RNA extraction kit was used to isolate nucleic acids from captive gorilla fecal samples seeded with rotavirus and stored in ethanol, formalin, a commercial RNA preservation solution, guanidine thiocyanate buffer (GT), and samples dried in tubes containing silica gel. Nucleic acids were extracted at 1, 7, 70 and 180 days and used for rt-PCR amplification of specific rotavirus RNA sequences. Successful rt-PCR amplification of the target product varied according to storage conditions, and storage time. Only samples stored in GT gave 100% positive results at 180 days. It is recommended that fecal samples be collected in GT for viral RNA analysis. DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// DO - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2003.10.003 VL - 116 IS - 1 SP - 11-17 J2 - Journal of Virological Methods LA - en OP - SN - 0166-0934 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2003.10.003 DB - Crossref KW - fecal KW - Gorilla KW - rotavirus KW - rt-PCR KW - storage methods ER - TY - JOUR TI - Information, Technology, and Coordination: Lessons from the World Trade Center Response AU - Dawes, Sharon S. AU - Birkland, Thomas AU - Tayi, Giri Kumar AU - Schneider, Carrie A. DA - 2004/6// PY - 2004/6// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temporal and spatial history of the 1999-2000 Endeavour Segment seismic series, Juan de Fuca Ridge AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Dziak, Robert P. AU - Tolstoy, Maya AU - Fox, Christopher G. AU - Fowler, Mathew T2 - Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems AB - Two large clusters of earthquake activity in June of 1999 and January of 2000 have dominated recent seismicity along the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The impacts of the June 1999 sequence on the hydrologic system, which include changes in vent temperature and chemistry within the Main Endeavour Vent Field, have been well documented previously. Analysis of seismic and hydroacoustic data indicates that both sequences exhibit a swarm‐like behavior, characterized by the absence of a dominant main shock event. The epicentral locations of events within the two swarms overlap spatially, with centroid positions near 47°49′ and 47°46′N latitude. During the June 1999 swarm, the initial activity spans the along‐axis region where a shallow axial magma chamber reflector was later imaged. The epicenters then migrate ∼12 km to the south at a rate of 0.3 m/s, consistent with lateral dike propagation. A distinct subcluster of events also occurred in the vicinity of Surveyor Volcano on the overlapping portion of the Cobb Segment. Given its distance from the main swarm, this activity may represent a triggered response to dynamic shaking. The January 2000 swarm has a more limited along‐axis extent, relative to the June 1999 swarm, with no indication of lateral migration. Much of this activity is concentrated in a region predicted to have undergone extension due to dike propagation in 1999. Although it contains fewer total events and is of shorter duration, relative to the June 1999 swarm, the January 2000 activity exhibits a higher peak rate of seismicity and greater mean event magnitude. As in situ temperature monitoring was not in place during January 2000 and vent fluids were not sampled until June 2000, the impacts of this swarm on the hydrothermal system are unknown. The southernmost tip of the Endeavour Segment also is found to be a region of repeating swarm activity. Although morphologic evidence indicates the Cobb Segment has been propagating northward recently, this seismic activity suggests that the western limb of the Endeavour‐Cobb overlap zone remains active. DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.1029/2004GC000735 VL - 5 IS - 9 SP - n/a-n/a J2 - Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. LA - en OP - SN - 1525-2027 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000735 DB - Crossref KW - dike KW - earthquake KW - hydrothermal system KW - mid-ocean ridge KW - seismic triggering KW - marine geology and geophysics : midocean ridge processes KW - seismology : volcano seismology KW - tectonophysics : dynamics, seismotectonics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Breaking into the plate: A 7.6 Mw fracture-zone earthquake adjacent to the Central Indian Ridge AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Tolstoy, Maya AU - Chapp, Emily T2 - Geophysical Research Letters AB - On 15 July 2003 an extremely large (7.6 Mw) strike‐slip earthquake initiated on or near the end of an active transform along the northern Central Indian Ridge. The event propagated away from the plate boundary along the typically inactive fracture zone, with a sense of slip that opposes the active transform slip direction. Seismically and hydroacoustically determined aftershock locations delineate a 210 ± 25 km long mainshock rupture. The seismic moment and rupture dimensions imply a stress drop of 4.5–6.5 MPa and a mean slip of 3.0 ± 0.5 m. The largest aftershock (5.6 Mw) occurred on the active portion of a neighboring transform at a distance of ∼160 km, where mainshock‐induced static stress changes are predicted to promote failure. Near‐axis fracture‐zone earthquakes may promote and inhibit ridge‐parallel diking along different spreading segments, perhaps contributing to inter‐segment variability in the rate and asymmetry of spreading. DA - 2004/1// PY - 2004/1// DO - 10.1029/2003GL018981 VL - 31 IS - 2 J2 - Geophys. Res. Lett. LA - en OP - SN - 0094-8276 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018981 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antarctic-type blue whale calls recorded at low latitudes in the Indian and eastern Pacific Oceans AU - Stafford, Kathleen M AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R AU - Tolstoy, Maya AU - Chapp, Emily AU - Mellinger, David K AU - Moore, Sue E T2 - Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers AB - Blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus, were once abundant around the Antarctic during the austral summer, but intensive whaling during the first half of the 20th century reduced their numbers by over 99%. Although interannual variability of blue whale occurrence on the Antarctic feeding grounds was documented by whalers, little was known about where the whales spent the winter months. Antarctic blue whales produce calls that are distinct from those produced by blue whales elsewhere in the world. To investigate potential winter migratory destinations of Antarctic blue whales, we examined acoustic data for these signals from two low-latitude locales: the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Antarctic-type blue whale calls were detected on hydrophones in both regions during the austral autumn and winter (May–September), with peak detections in July. Calls occurred over relatively brief periods in both oceans, suggesting that there may be only a few animals migrating so far north and/or producing calls. Antarctic blue whales appear to use both the Indian and eastern Pacific Oceans concurrently, indicating that there is not a single migratory destination. Acoustic data from the South Atlantic and from mid-latitudes in the Indian or Pacific Oceans are needed for a more global understanding of migratory patterns and destinations of Antarctic blue whales. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.05.007 VL - 51 IS - 10 SP - 1337-1346 J2 - Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers LA - en OP - SN - 0967-0637 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.05.007 DB - Crossref KW - blue whale KW - Balaenoptera musculus intermedia KW - bioacoustics KW - vocalization behavior KW - Antarctic KW - Indian Ocean KW - eastern tropical Pacific ER - TY - JOUR TI - Role of molecular oxygen in the dissolution of siderite and rhodochrosite AU - Duckworth, Owen W AU - Martin, Scot T T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AB - The dissolution of siderite (FeCO3) and rhodochrosite (MnCO3) under oxic and anoxic conditions is investigated at 298 K. The anoxic dissolution rate of siderite is 10−8.65 mol m−2 s−1 for 5.5 < pH < 12 and increases as [H+]0.75 for pH < 5.5. The pH dependence is consistent with parallel proton-promoted and water hydrolysis dissolution pathways. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals a change in pit morphology from rhombohedral pits for pH > 4 to pits elongated at one vertex for pH < 4. Under oxic conditions the dissolution rate decreases to below the detection limit of 10−10 mol m−2 s−1 for 6.0 < pH < 10.3, and hillock precipitation preferential to steps is observed in concurrent AFM micrographs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermodynamic analysis identify the precipitate as ferrihydrite. At pH > 10.3, the oxic dissolution rate is as high as 10−7.5 mol m−2 s−1, which is greater than under the corresponding anoxic conditions. A fast electron transfer reaction between solution O2 or [Fe3+(OH)4]− species and surficial >FeII hydroxyl groups is hypothesized to explain the dissolution kinetics. AFM micrographs do not show precipitation under these conditions. Anoxic dissolution of rhodochrosite is physically observed as rhombohedral pit expansion for 3.7 < pH < 10.3 and is chemically explained by parallel proton- and water-promoted pathways. The dissolution rate law is 10−4.93[H+] + 10−8.45 mol m−2 s−1. For 5.8 < pH < 7.7 under oxic conditions, the AFM micrographs show a tabular precipitate growing by preferential expansion along the a-axis, though the macroscopic dissolution rate is apparently unaffected. For pH > 7.7 under oxic conditions, the dissolution rate decreases from 10−8.45 to 10−9.0 mol m−2 s−1. Flattened hillock precipitates grow across the entire surface without apparent morphological influence by the underlying rhodochrosite surface. XPS spectra and thermodynamic calculations implicate the precipitate as bixbyite for 5.8 < pH < 7.7 and MnOOH (possibly feitnkechtite) for pH >7.7. DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// DO - 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00464-2 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - 607-621 J2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta LA - en OP - SN - 0016-7037 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00464-2 DB - Crossref ER - TY - BOOK TI - Collaborative environmental management: what role for government? AU - Koontz, T. AU - Steelman, T. A. AU - Carmin, J. AU - Korfmacher, K. Smith AU - Moseley, C. AU - Thomas, Carrie AB - Faculty development (FD) is important for continued professional development, but expense and distance remain challenging. These challenges could be minimized by the free and asynchronous nature of social media (SM). We sought to determine the utility and effectiveness of conducting a national online FD activity on Facebook by assessing participants' perceptions and use and facilitators' challenges.An educational activity of a national FD program was managed on a closed Facebook group. Activities included postings of educational technology goals, abstracting an article, and commenting on peers' postings. Sources of quantitative data included the Facebook postings and the survey responses. Surveys before, after, and 6 months after the activity assessed knowledge, attitudes and self-reported behaviors. Sources of qualitative data were the open-ended survey questions and the content of the Facebook postings.All participants completed the FD activity and evaluations, yielding 38 postings and 115 comments. Before the activity, 88% had a personal Facebook account, 64% were somewhat/very confident using Facebook, 77% thought SM would be useful for professional networking, and 12% had used it professionally. Six months after the activity, professional usage had increased to 35%. Continued use of Facebook for future presentations of this FD activity was recommended by 76%. Qualitative analysis yielded 12 types of Facebook postings and 7 themes related to using SM for FD.Conducting a national FD activity on Facebook yielded excellent participation rates and positive participant impressions, and it affected professional usage. Facebook may become an additional tool in the educator's toolbox for FD as a result of its acceptability and accessibility. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.05.024 PB - Washington, DC: Resources for the Future ER - TY - CONF TI - The North Carolina State University Women in Science and Engineering Program: A Community for Living and Learning AU - Rajala, Sarah A. AU - Bottomley, Laura J. AU - Parry, E.A. AU - Cohen, J.D. AU - Grant, Susan C. AU - Thomas, C.J. AU - Doxey, T.M. AU - Perez, G. AU - Collins, R.E. AU - Spurlin, J.E. C2 - 2004/// C3 - American Society for Engineering Education 2004 Annual Conference and Exposition DA - 2004/// UR - https://peer.asee.org/13892 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes in CDOM fluorescence from allochthonous and autochthonous sources during tidal mixing and bacterial degradation in two coastal estuaries AU - Boyd, Thomas J AU - Osburn, Christopher L T2 - Marine Chemistry AB - Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) was collected and concentrated using 1 kDa cutoff tangential flow filtration (TFF) from marine (∼33 salinity), mid-estuarine (∼15 salinity), and freshwater (<1 salinity) portions of the Chesapeake and San Francisco Bays. Natural bacterioplankton were also collected during the same transects on 0.22-μm pore size filters. TFF permeates from freshwater, mid-estuarine and marine stations were used to create a series of salinity samples ranging from 0 to 33 by increments of 3. Freshwater CDOM was added in the same proportion to each salinity sample to determine changes in spectral signals during simulated estuarine mixing. A series of incubations was conducted in which concentrated CDOM was added to TFF permeates (<1 kDa, low fluorescence) in a nine-membered matrix such that each station's CDOM was added to each station's TFF permeate. Each incubation was then inoculated with a filter from its respective collection location. Subsamples from bacterial incubations were collected at various times and analyzed by high resolution three-dimensional fluorescence excitation–emission spectroscopy (EEMs) to determine if changes in ionic strength encountered during estuarine mixing affect the bioavailability and optical properties of CDOM. Five EEMs peaks were identified for each mixing experiment and microbial subsample; Exmax: 330–350 nm/ Emmax: 420–480 nm, Exmax: 250–260 nm/ Emmax: 380–480 nm, Exmax: 310–320 nm/ Emmax: 380–420 nm, Exmax: 270–280 nm/ Emmax: 300–320 nm, and Exmax: 270–280 nm/ Emmax: 320–350 nm. These peak ratios were monitored over the time course of the experiment. Changes in several spectral properties during the simulated estuarine mixing were observed indicating CDOM conformational changes as it moves through the estuary. We hypothesized these changes may impact the biodegradability of CDOM as it moves from upland sources to the coastal ocean. Changes in DOC concentration during incubation indicated that allochthonous CDOM was a more utilizable substrate for estuarine and marine bacteria. There were also differences in peak ratios observed during incubation with allochthonous and autochthonous CDOM. There were Emmax peak shifts dependent on the source of CDOM and bacteria, with more red shifting (toward higher wavelengths) in upper reaches of the estuary and more blue-shifting at the oceanic end-member. We conclude that bacterial degradation of specific components of autochthonous and allochthonous CDOM may impact the spectral characteristics observed throughout an estuary and that CDOM optical properties are partially a function of the CDOM's origin and mixing history. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.02.012 VL - 89 IS - 1-4 SP - 189-210 KW - chromophoric dissolved organic matter KW - tangential flow filtration KW - Chesapeake Bay KW - San Francisco Bay ER - TY - RPRT TI - Information, Technology and Coordination: Lessons from the World Trade Center Response AU - Dawes, Sharon S. AU - Birkland, Thomas A. AU - Tayi, Giri Kumar AU - Schneider, Carrie A. A3 - Center for Technology in Government, University at Albany, SUNY DA - 2004/6// PY - 2004/6// PB - Center for Technology in Government, University at Albany, SUNY ER - TY - JOUR TI - Risk, disaster, and policy in the 21st century: Introduction AU - Birkland, T.A. T2 - American Behavioral Scientist DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1177/0002764204268997 VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 275-280 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-8144223545&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmental Successes and Continued Challenges in the Hudson Valley AU - Birkland, Thomas A. T2 - Albany Law Environmental Outlook DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 187–211 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Everything Has Changed—Or Has It? Policy Change in the Months after September 11 AU - Birkland, Thomas A. T2 - Review of Policy Research DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 177–198 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Emergency Planning and the Judiciary: Lessons from September 11 AU - Birkland, Thomas A. A3 - Center for Court Innovation DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Center for Court Innovation UR - www.courtinnovation.org ER - TY - JOUR TI - Learning and policy improvement after disaster: The case of aviation security AU - Birkland, T.A. T2 - American Behavioral Scientist AB - This article considers whether policy makers in the aviation security field have learned from actual or apparent aviation security breaches in the late 1980s through 2001. The author finds that the loss of Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988 and of TWA Flight 800 in 1996 did lead to greater policy-making attention to a relatively narrow range of issues raised by these events. The author also finds that the September 11 terrorist attacks led to a comprehensive search for improved policy tools to prevent a recurrence of the attacks. The author argues that this post-September 11 search would not have been possible without the debates on aviation safety that accompanied the earlier events. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1177/0002764204268990 VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 341-364 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-8144221053&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - terrorism KW - aviation security KW - policy change KW - policy learning KW - agenda setting KW - policy process KW - September 11 attacks ER - TY - JOUR TI - Guns, hollywood, and school safety: Defining the school-shooting problem across public arenas AU - Lawrence, R.G. AU - Birkland, T.A. T2 - Social Science Quarterly AB - Objective. Research in agenda setting has demonstrated that dramatic news events can drive particular issues to the top of the media and governmental agendas. The objective of this study is to analyze how different aspects of an event‐driven problem compete for attention in those arenas. Methods. The method is content analysis of media coverage and congressional legislative activity following the 1999 Columbine High School shootings. Results. The results show that while both agendas converged on the gun‐control aspect of the problem, they substantially diverged on other understandings of what kind of problem the Columbine shooting represented and how to address it. Conclusions. We conclude that the differing institutional structure and incentives of the news media and Congress can create or inhibit interinstitutional positive feedback in the problem‐defining process. Agenda divergences are amplified when prominent politicians cue the media to follow particular story lines that depart from actual legislative activity. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1111/j.0038-4941.2004.00271.x VL - 85 IS - 5 SPEC. ISS. SP - 1193-1207 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-11844259402&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - "The world changed today": Agenda-setting and policy change in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks AU - Birkland, T.A. T2 - Review of Policy Research AB - Abstract The September 11 terrorist attacks constitute a focusing event that have been said to have “changed everything” in America. However, the literature on focusing events, policy change, and the policy process suggests that the “windows of opportunity” opened by focusing events like the September 11 attacks do not automatically equate to policy change. This paper considers whether and to what extent the agenda and policies have changed as a result of the attacks. While the events of September 11 provided the impetus for change, the threat of terrorism was already well established in the policy stream, and September 11 only threw open the window of opportunity for policy change based, in large part, on preexisting ideas; many of these ideas were enacted. And in the case of aviation security, some innovation is evident in the area of cockpit security. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2004.00068.x VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 179-200 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1942530663&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Role of molecular oxygen in the dissolution of siderite and rhodochrosite AU - Duckworth, O.W. AU - Martin, S.T. T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00464-2 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - 607-621 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0742322779&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Linear free energy relationships between dissolution rates and molecular modeling energies of rhombohedral carbonates AU - Duckworth, O.W. AU - Cygan, R.T. AU - Martin, S.T. T2 - Langmuir AB - Bulk and surface energies are calculated for endmembers of the isostructural rhombohedral carbonate mineral family, including Ca, Cd, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn compositions. The calculations for the bulk agree with the densities, bond distances, bond angles, and lattice enthalpies reported in the literature. The calculated energies also correlate with measured dissolution rates: the lattice energies show a log-linear relationship to the macroscopic dissolution rates at circumneutral pH. Moreover, the energies of ion pairs translated along surface steps are calculated and found to predict experimentally observed microscopic step retreat velocities. Finally, pit formation excess energies decrease with increasing pit size, which is consistent with the nonlinear dissolution kinetics hypothesized for the initial stages of pit formation. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1021/la035348x VL - 20 IS - 7 SP - 2938-2946 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1842741155&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of the biologically produced polymer alginic acid on macroscopic and microscopic calcite dissolution rates T2 - Environmental Science and Technology AB - Dissolution of carbonate minerals has significant environmental effects. Microorganisms affect carbonate dissolution rates by producing extracellular metabolites, including complex polysaccharides such as alginic acid. Using a combined atomic force microscopy (AFM)/flow-through reactor apparatus, we investigated the effects of alginic acid on calcite dissolution. Macroscopic dissolution rates, derived from the aqueous metal ion concentrations, are 10-5.5 mol m-2 s-1 for 5 < pH < 12 in the absence of alginic acid compared to 10-4.8 mol m-2 s-1 in its presence. The AFM images demonstrate that alginic acid preferentially attacks the obtuse steps of dissolution pits on the calcite surface. In pure water, the obtuse and acute steps retreat at similar rates, and the pits are nearly isotropic except under highly acidic conditions. In alginic acid, the acute step retreat rate is nearly unchanged in comparison to water, whereas the obtuse step retreat rate increases with decreasing pH values. As a result, the pits remain rhombohedral but propagate faster in the obtuse direction. To explain these observations, we propose that alginic acid preferentially forms dissolution active surface complexes with calcium atoms on the obtuse step, which results in anisotropic ligand-promoted dissolution. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1021/es035299a VL - 38 IS - 11 SP - 3040-3046 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2542420918&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dissolution rates and pit morphologies of rhombohedral carbonate minerals AU - Duckworth, O.W. AU - Martin, S.T. T2 - American Mineralogist DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 89 IS - 4 SP - 554-563 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1942499445&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Simulations of distributed watershed erosion, deposition, and terrain evolution using a path sampling Monte Carlo method AU - Thaxton, C.S. AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Mitas, L. AU - McLaughlin, R. C2 - 2004/// C3 - ASAE Annual International Meeting 2004 DA - 2004/// SP - 2069-2082 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-30044447669&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - BOOK TI - Path sampling method for modeling overland water flow, sediment transport, and short term terrain evolution in Open Source GIS AU - Mitasova, H. AU - Thaxton, C. AU - Hofierka, J. AU - McLaughlin, R. AU - Moore, A. AU - Mitas, L. AB - A path sampling method is proposed for solving the continuity equations describing mass flows over complex landscape surfaces. The modeled quantities are represented by an ensemble of sampling points which are evolved according to the corresponding Green function. The method enables incorporation of multi-scale/multi-process treatments. It has been used to develop simulation tools for overland shallow water flow and for sediment transport. The spatial pattern of sediment flow and net erosion/deposition is modeled using the closure relationship between sediment transport capacity and detachment developed for the USDA Water Erosion Prediction Project. The tools were recently implemented as modules in Open Source GRASS GIS. Their application is illustrated by the study of impact of land use and topography change on overland flow and sediment transport at North Carolina State University campus. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1016/S0167-5648(04)80159-X VL - 55 SE - 1479-1490 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80051576836&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - CONF TI - Fish Health Management. Continuing Education Course, July 29-31, 2004 AU - Swanson, C. AU - Stoskopf, M. AU - Blasiola, G. AU - Gratzek, J. AU - Lehmann, D. W. AU - Harms, C. AU - Lewbart, G. C2 - 2004/// DA - 2004/// PB - Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine ER - TY - RPRT TI - Yakima River Floodplain mining impact study AU - Clark, K. AU - Wegmann, K. W. AU - Johnson, C. N. AU - Norman, D. K. AU - al., A3 - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources ER - TY - RPRT TI - Proterozoic metamorphism of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana AU - Cheney, J. T. AU - Brady, J. B. AU - Tierney, K. A. AU - DeGraff, K. A. AU - Mohlman, H. K. AU - Frisch, J. D. AU - Hatch, C. E. AU - Steiner, M. L. AU - Carmichael, S. K. AU - Fisher, R. G. M. AU - Tuit, C. B. AU - Wegmann, K. W. AU - al., C6 - 0 DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 377 SP - 105-129 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Notes on the life history and demographics of the savannah lilliput (Toxolasma pullus) (Bivalvia : Unionidae) in University Lake, NC AU - Hanlon, SD AU - Levine, JF T2 - SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST AB - The savannah lilliput (Toxolasma pullus, Bivalvia: Unionidae) is the only member of its genus represented along the mid-Atlantic slope. The rarity, limited range, and declining status of this species have caused concern among resource managers for its conservation. Little is known about the life history of T. pullus; such information is necessary for recovery of the species. We conducted a fish host trial and examined population demographics of T. pullus from University Lake, NC. Toxolasma pullus appears to be a long-term brooder, brooding into August. Hybrid bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus × L. cyanellus) are suitable hosts for T. pullus, however, other Lepomis species may also serve as hosts. The sex ratio of the population was 1:1. Most specimens of T. pullus were between 4 and 6 years old; the oldest specimen was 9 years of age. Predation by muskrats and raccoons may be an important source of mortality in University Lake. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1656/1528-7092(2004)003[0289:NOTLHA]2.0.CO;2 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 289-296 SN - 1528-7092 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Landslide Hazard Zonation Project, level II assessment for the Quinault Lake, Quinault River, and Cook-Elk Watersheds, Jefferson and Grays Harbor Counties, Washington AU - Wegmann, K. W. A3 - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources ER - TY - RPRT TI - Landslide Hazard Zonation Project, level II assessment for the Nookachamps Watershed, Skagit County, Washington AU - Wegmann, K. W. A3 - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources ER - TY - RPRT TI - Landslide Hazard Zonation Project, level II assessment for the Lower Naselle Watershed, Pacific County, Washington AU - Wegmann, K. W. A3 - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources ER - TY - RPRT TI - Landslide Hazard Zonation Project, level II assessment for the Clear Creek, Dan Creek, and Lime Creek Watersheds, Snohomish and Skagit Counties, Washington AU - Wegmann, K. W. A3 - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Olympia, WA: Washington State Department of Natural Resources ER - TY - CONF TI - Geology of the Tavan Har area, Gobi, Mongolia AU - Carson, R. J. AU - Bayanmonh, A. AU - Bayasgalan, A. AU - Johnson, C. L. AU - Pogue, K. R. AU - Wegmann, K. W. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Seventeenth Annual Keck Research Symposium in Geology DA - 2004/// SP - 170-175 PB - Northfield, MN: Keck Geology Consortium ER - TY - MAP TI - Geologic map of the Port Angeles and Ediz Hook 7.5-minute quadrangles, Clallam County, Washington AU - Schasse, H. W. AU - Wegmann, K. W. AU - Polenz, M. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources ER - TY - MAP TI - Geologic map of the Elwha and Angeles Point 7.5-minute quadrangles, Clallam County, Washington AU - Polenz, M. AU - Wegmann, K. W. AU - Schasse, H. W. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources ER - TY - CONF TI - Geologic Field Trip to the Aldercrest-Banyon Landslide and Mount St. Helens, Washington, Part I-Stevenson to Castle Rock AU - Wegmann, K. W. C2 - 2004/// C3 - 96th Annual Meeting of the American Association of State Geologists DA - 2004/// PB - Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources ER - TY - JOUR TI - The birds, bees, and koi AU - Lewbart, G. A. T2 - Koi World and Water Gardens DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// SP - 74-77 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Diseases and symbionts: Vulnerability despite tough shells AU - Leibovitz, L. AU - Lewbart, G. A. T2 - The American horseshoe crab A2 - C. N. Shuster, R. B. Barlow A2 - Brockmann, H. J. PY - 2004/// SP - 245-275 PB - Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press SN - 0674011597 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surgical removal of an artificial chicken egg from the gastrointestinal tract of a black rat snake, Elaphe obsoleta AU - Souza, M. J. AU - Hall, K. E. AU - Wilson, J. D. AU - Lewbart, Gregory T2 - Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery AB - ABSTRACT A black rat snake, Elaphe obsoleta, with a three month history of a gastrointestinal foreign body was presented for evaluation. Radiographs and surgery were performed to remove an artificial chicken “egg” from the lumen of the intestine. The snake recovered uneventfully and remains healthy. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.5818/1529-9651.14.4.4 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of four different suture materials on the surgical wound healing of loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta AU - Govett, P. D. AU - Harms, Craig AU - Linder, K. E. AU - Marsh, J. C. AU - Wyneken, J. T2 - Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery AB - ABSTRACT The tissue reaction to four suture materials placed in the skin of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, was evaluated both grossly and histologically. Chromic gut, polyglyconate, polyglactin 910, and poliglecaprone 25 were used in 258 turtles to close a wound produced at the time of laparoscopic sex determination. Gross tissue reactions were graded in 68 turtles at one week, and in the remaining 190 turtles at two weeks following surgery. Gross observations (eversion formation, holding of sutures, epibiont [organisms growing on suture site] present and crusts) were graded from one to three with one being mild and three being most severe. Gross observation scores did not differ among suture types. Crust scores were significantly greater for chromic gut and for polyglactin than for poliglecaprone 25 and polyglyconate. At the suture site, 32% of the turtles had an eversion in the incision ranging in size from 0.25 to 10 mm2 [mean 2.02 (+/− 1.95) mm2]. Eversion size did not vary signific... DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.5818/1529-9651.14.4.6 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Remote sensing evidence for baroclinic tide origin of internal solitary waves in the northeastern South China Sea AU - Zhao, ZX AU - Klemas, V AU - Zheng, QN AU - Yan, XH T2 - GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - Evidence for baroclinic tide origin of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the northeastern South China Sea is presented, based on 116 internal wave packets observed in satellite images from 1995 to 2001. These wave packets can be divided into two types, a single‐wave ISW packet containing only one ISW with/without an oscillating tail, and a multiple‐wave ISW packet composed of a group of rank‐ordered ISWs. All of the 22 single‐wave ISW packets occur in the deep water zone. It is suggested that the ISWs, instead of being generated by the lee‐wave mechanism, are developed by nonlinear steepening of the baroclinic tides, which are produced by the strong tidal currents flowing over a ridge in Luzon Strait. This suggestion is verified by an ERS‐2 SAR image, which records such an evolution process from a baroclinic tide to a single ISW in its spatial domain. DA - 2004/3/16/ PY - 2004/3/16/ DO - 10.1029/2003GL019077 VL - 31 IS - 6 SP - SN - 1944-8007 ER - TY - CONF TI - Preliminary assessment of an Alaska Steeppass fishway on a North Carolina Blackwater Creek AU - Ricks, B. R. AU - Hightower, J. E. AU - Wicker, A. M. C2 - 2004/// C3 - Proceedings of the Annual Conference, Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies DA - 2004/// VL - 58 SP - 92-99 PB - Frankfurt, KY: Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nuclear discourse and nuclear institutions: A theoretical framework and two empirical examples AU - Kinsella, W. J. T2 - Qualitative Research Reports in Communication DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 5 SP - 8-14 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Public expertise: A foundation for citizen participation in energy and environmental decisions AU - Kinsella, W. J. T2 - Communication and public participation in environmental decision making A2 - S. P. Depoe, J. W. Delicath A2 - Elsenbeer, M. A. PY - 2004/// SP - 83-95 PB - Albany, NY: SUNY Press SN - 0791460231 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Fusion power and rhetorical power: A communication perspective on nuclear energy research AU - Kinsella, W. J. T2 - Power in focus: Perspectives from multiple disciplines PY - 2004/// SP - 3-38 PB - Lima, OH: Wyndham Hall Press SN - 1556053665 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Incorporation of a mass-conserving inundation scheme into a three dimensional storm surge model AU - Xie, L AU - Pietrafesa, LJ AU - Peng, MC T2 - JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH AB - The rapid rise and fall of coastal sea level due to tides and storm surge complicates the application of hydrodynamic models that use constant lateral boundaries in the region where sea level change falls within the tidal range or between the negative and positive surge extremes. In order to enable a hydrodynamic model for use in tidal or surge zones, an inundation and drying scheme must be incorporated into the hydrodynamic model. In this study, a mass-conserving inundation (wetting) and draining (drying) scheme is incorporated into a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (the Princeton Ocean Model, often referred to as POM) for coastal ocean and estuarine systems. This coupled hydrodynamic and inundation modeling system is tested in an idealized lake/estuarine setting. The results show that: 1) incorporation of the inundation/drying scheme into the POM enabled its application in shallow water systems with time-dependent coastal boundaries; 2) the mass conservation constraint used in the inundation and drying scheme eliminates the problem of artificial flooding associated with the imbalance of water mass that is typical of a non-mass-conserving schemes; 3) using vertically-averaged flow as flooding velocity resulted in a reduced flooding area as compared to the cases that use the surface flow as the flooding velocity. This is partly due to the fact that vertically-averaged flow tends to be weaker and directed more parallel to the coastline than the surface flow. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.2112/03-0084r.1 VL - 20 IS - 4 SP - 1209-1223 SN - 0749-0208 KW - storm surge KW - inundation KW - numerical modeling KW - flooding KW - coastal ocean ER - TY - CHAP TI - Developments in aseptic processing AU - Sandeep, K. P. AU - Simunovic, J. AU - Swartzel, K. R. T2 - Improving thermal processing PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1533/9781855739079.3.177 SP - 177–187 PB - CRC Press SN - 1855737302 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A numerical study of storm surge and inundation in the Croatan-Albemarle-Pamlico Estuary System AU - Peng, MC AU - Xie, L AU - Pietrafesa, LJ T2 - ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE AB - An integrated storm surge and inundation modeling system is used to simulate the storm surge and inundation in the Croatan–Albemarle–Pamlico Estuary System in eastern North Carolina under the influence of 10 hypothetical Category 2 and 3 hurricanes representing typical historical hurricane scenarios in the study region. The integrated storm surge and inundation modeling system is numerically stable in the complex and shallow CAPES environment under hurricane forcing conditions. For an assumed northward or northeastward moving Category 3 hurricane with a translation speed of 25 km/h, the peak storm surge occurs along the western Pamlico Sound and western Albemarle Sound. The most severe flooding as measured by inundation area is in the Pamlico River mouth region where the flooding area reached 500 km2. In general, a more intense or larger hurricane (lower minimum central pressure, MCP or larger radius of maximum wind, RMW) produces higher storm surge and a larger inundation area in the entire region. For the cases considered in this study, the storm surge height and inundation area are more sensitive to MCP than to RMW. Slower translation speed produces higher storm surge, and thus larger inundation area, but the sensitivity of storm surge to storm translation speed can be vastly different for different storms. DA - 2004/1// PY - 2004/1// DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2003.07.010 VL - 59 IS - 1 SP - 121-137 SN - 1096-0015 KW - storm surge KW - inundation KW - numerical modeling KW - coastal flooding KW - hurricane ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying rapid changes in coastal topography using modern mapping techniques and Geographic Information System AU - Mitasova, H AU - Drake, TG AU - Bernstein, D AU - Harmon, RS T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE AB - Research Article| January 01, 2004 Quantifying Rapid Changes in Coastal Topography using Modern Mapping Techniques and Geographic Information System HELENA MITASOVA; HELENA MITASOVA 1Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar THOMAS G. DRAKE; THOMAS G. DRAKE 1Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar DAVID BERNSTEIN; DAVID BERNSTEIN 2Center for Marine and Wetland Studies, Coastal Carolina University, 1270 Atlantic Avenue, Conway, SC 29526 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar RUSSELL S. HARMON RUSSELL S. HARMON 3Army Research Office, Army Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information HELENA MITASOVA 1Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 THOMAS G. DRAKE 1Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 DAVID BERNSTEIN 2Center for Marine and Wetland Studies, Coastal Carolina University, 1270 Atlantic Avenue, Conway, SC 29526 RUSSELL S. HARMON 3Army Research Office, Army Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Publisher: Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1558-9161 Print ISSN: 1078-7275 Copyright © 2004 Geological Society of America Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (2004) 10 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2113/10.1.1 Article history First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation HELENA MITASOVA, THOMAS G. DRAKE, DAVID BERNSTEIN, RUSSELL S. HARMON; Quantifying Rapid Changes in Coastal Topography using Modern Mapping Techniques and Geographic Information System. Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 2004;; 10 (1): 1–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/10.1.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyEnvironmental & Engineering Geoscience Search Advanced Search Abstract Innovative methodology based on a combination of real-time kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS), light detection and ranging (lidar), and open-source Geographic Information System (GIS) was developed to gain a better understanding of rapid changes in coastal topography. Improved spatial interpolation techniques were implemented to produce detailed topographic surfaces from lidar and RTK-GPS data. The methodology is demonstrated for two North Carolina areas: Jockey's Ridge State Park and Bald Head Island. The Jockey's Ridge study quantifies recent dune movement and identifies areas of elevation loss and rapid horizontal migration that threaten existing infrastructure. The Bald Head Island study examines pre- and post-nourishment beach evolution. The dynamics of beach topography, its geometric properties, and estimates of both eroded and deposited sand volumes were determined by combining lidar elevation data (1997–2000) with quarterly RTK-GPS measurements. Spatio-temporal analysis confirms the relative stability of the central ‘pivot point’ beach section and reveals that the beach changed its shape from convex west of the pivot point to concave east of the pivot point during the period of 1997 to 1998 and reversed shapes during year 2000. The pivot point also divides the beach into two sections that exhibit markedly different responses to nourishment. Although the entire length of nourished beach retreated, the analysis reveals that in the western section, all nourished sand off-shore was lost, whereas in the eastern section, significant sand volume was pushed up onto the beach, creating potential for recovery. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access. DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// DO - 10.2113/10.1.1 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1-11 SN - 1558-9161 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1942466461&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - beach erosion KW - digital elevation model KW - light detection and ranging (Lidar) KW - kinematic Global Positioning System (GPS) KW - sand dune KW - topographic analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trip response modeling of rock climbers' reactions to proposed regulations AU - Siderelis, C AU - Attarian, A T2 - JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH AB - Study results contribute to the recreation benefits literature for the sport of rock climbing. Also, reported is an application of a hybrid or trip response modeling approach. Respondent reactions (intended behavior) to regulatory changes in management plans at Crowder's Mountain State Park, North Carolina, are assessed. The proposed regulations address (a) the quality of rock climbing conditions, (b) variations in climbing areas to accommodate the different skill levels, (c) limiting the number and size of groups, (d) rationing of rock climbing at certain areas, involving either area modifications, restrictions or closures, and (e) requiring users to attend education programs and perform park service projects. Intended changes in annual climbing participation, attributable to the proposed regulations, are displayed along with losses in recreation benefits. Our point estimate of consumer surplus is $125 per trip, which compares favorably with other reported estimates. Finally, an on-site climbing choice model is estimated and the resulting distributions of demanded state park trips among the seven climbing areas resulting from four regulatory change are evaluated. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1080/00222216.2004.11950011 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 73-88 SN - 2159-6417 KW - trip response modeling KW - outdoor recreation KW - recreation modeling KW - rock climbing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thermal tolerance and potential distribution of invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles complex) on the east coast of the United States AU - Kimball, ME AU - Miller, JM AU - Whitfield, PE AU - Hare, JA T2 - MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 283:269-278 (2004) - doi:10.3354/meps283269 Thermal tolerance and potential distribution of invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles complex) on the east coast of the United States Matthew E. Kimball1,2,3, John M. Miller2, Paula E. Whitfield1, Jonathan A. Hare1,* 1Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, NOAA Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA 2Department of Zoology, Campus Box 7617, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7617, USA 3Present address: Rutgers University Marine Field Station, 800 c/o 132 Great Bay Boulevard, Tuckerton, New Jersey 08087-2004, USA *Corresponding author. Email: jon.hare@noaa.gov ABSTRACT: The occurrence of lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) complex on the southeast United States shelf represents one of the first documented invasions of a Pacific marine fish species into the western Atlantic Ocean. Temperature has been proposed as a possible factor limiting the range of this introduction. To examine this hypothesis, temperature-tolerance studies were conducted following the chronic lethal minimum protocol, with death as the endpoint. Overall, the mean chronic lethal minimum was 10.0°C and mean temperature at feeding cessation was 16.1°C. Rate of temperature decrease and acclimation temperature did not have a significant effect on chronic lethal minimum or temperature at feeding cessation. When combined with mean February water temperatures, lionfish thermal tolerance data indicated that lionfish could overwinter on the southeast United States continental shelf, with a northern limit of Cape Hatteras and an inshore limit coincident with the mean 12°C isotherm, which equates to a 10°C minimum water temperature. The mean 12°C bottom isotherm also runs along the continental shelf break (200 m isobath), marking the offshore limit for lionfish on the southeast United States continental shelf. The current southern limit of the invasion is not bound by temperature, as lionfish could survive (but have not yet been reported) on the Florida coast south of Miami, throughout the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, extending into the southern hemisphere. Possible reasons for the constrained southern limit may include planktonic transport mechanisms, patterns of juvenile and adult movements, and the initial lionfish introduction site. KEY WORDS: Marine introduction · Biological invasion · Lionfish · Pterois volitans · Pterois miles · Invasive species · Species range limits · Temperature tolerance Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 283. Online publication date: November 30, 2004 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2004 Inter-Research. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.3354/meps283269 VL - 283 SP - 269-278 SN - 1616-1599 KW - marine introduction KW - biological invasion KW - lionfish KW - Pterois volitans KW - Pterois miles KW - invasive species KW - species range limits KW - temperature tolerance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Negative effects of increasing group size on foraging in two estuarine piscivores AU - Buckel, JA AU - Stoner, AW T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY AB - The effect of predator density on per capita ingestion rates in two estuarine predators, age-0 bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix L.) and age-1 striped bass (Morone saxatilis W.), was examined in a 121,000-l research aquarium. Group size treatments were 3, 6, 12, and 24 predators; each treatment was provided with 100 prey (mummichog killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus L.) during a 22-h feeding trial. The behaviors of predator and prey were recorded. Predator type and group size had a significant effect on per capita ingestion rates. Bluefish had significantly higher per capita ingestion rates compared to striped bass. For bluefish, per capita ingestion rate was highest in the three predator group, while for striped bass, individuals in the six predator treatment had the highest ingestion rates. From these maxima, per capita ingestion rate values declined to their lowest values in the 24 predator treatment for both species. Several factors that may be responsible for lowered per capita ingestion rates at higher group sizes include predator interference, prey depletion, and anti-predator behaviors of prey. For juvenile bluefish and striped bass being a member of a relatively large group may lead to decreased individual ingestion rates. Given that large group sizes of these species occur in nature, we conclude that these foraging costs must be outweighed by benefits of group membership. DA - 2004/8/30/ PY - 2004/8/30/ DO - 10.1016/j.jembe.2004.02.003 VL - 307 IS - 2 SP - 183-196 SN - 0022-0981 KW - density-dependent KW - group size KW - Morone saxatilis KW - piscivory KW - Pomatomus saltatrix KW - predator-prey interactions ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rapid heating effects on gelation of muscle proteins AU - Riemann, A. E. AU - Lanier, T. C. AU - Swartzel, K. R. T2 - Journal of Food Science AB - ABSTRACT: The hypothesis was tested that total thermal input (combined time and temperature), rather than merely heating rate, is the determining factor in heat‐induced gel formation by muscle proteins. For comminuted pastes of pollock surimi and turkey breast, rapid heating plus a brief holding time at the endpoint temperature produced similar textural properties to gels, which were heated by a slower cook schedule and cooled immediately. These results suggest that the equivalent point method, a tool used to compare and communicate equivalent heat treatments for effecting bacterial reduction and/or enzyme inactivation, can be used to identify other heat processes having similar effects on gelation. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb13635.x VL - 69 IS - 7 SP - E308-314 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multiplex nucleic acid sequence-based amplification for simultaneous detection of several enteric viruses in model ready-to-eat foods AU - Jean, J AU - DH D'Souza, AU - Jaykus, LA T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Human enteric viruses are currently recognized as one of the most important causes of food-borne disease. Implication of enteric viruses in food-borne outbreaks can be difficult to confirm due to the inadequacy of the detection methods available. In this study, a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) method was developed in a multiplex format for the specific, simultaneous, and rapid detection of epidemiologically relevant human enteric viruses. Three previously reported primer sets were used in a single reaction for the amplification of RNA target fragments of 474, 371, and 165 nucleotides for the detection of hepatitis A virus and genogroup I and genogroup II noroviruses, respectively. Amplicons were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed by electrochemiluminescence and Northern hybridization. Endpoint detection sensitivity for the multiplex NASBA assay was approximately 10 −1 reverse transcription-PCR-detectable units (or PFU, as appropriate) per reaction. When representative ready-to-eat foods (deli sliced turkey and lettuce) were inoculated with various concentrations of each virus and processed for virus detection with the multiplex NASBA method, all three human enteric viruses were simultaneously detected at initial inoculum levels of 10 0 to 10 2 reverse transcription-PCR-detectable units (or PFU)/9 cm 2 in both food commodities. The multiplex NASBA system provides rapid and simultaneous detection of clinically relevant food-borne viruses in a single reaction tube and may be a promising alternative to reverse transcription-PCR for the detection of viral contamination of foods. DA - 2004/11// PY - 2004/11// DO - 10.1128/AEM.70.11.6603-6610.2004 VL - 70 IS - 11 SP - 6603-6610 SN - 0099-2240 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diagnosis of Norwalk virus infection by indirect enzyme immunoassay detection of salivary antibodies to recombinant Norwalk virus antigen AU - Moe, CL AU - Sair, A AU - Lindesmith, L AU - Estes, MK AU - Jaykus, LA T2 - CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY AB - Simple diagnostic tests are needed for the detection of norovirus (NoV) outbreaks. Salivary antibody assays provide an attractive alternative to collecting and testing serum or stool samples. Antibodies to Norwalk virus (NV) in oral fluid samples were compared with NV antibodies in serum collected from 38 volunteers challenged with NV inoculum. Pre- and postchallenge (day 4, 8, 14, and 21) saliva and serum samples were examined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using recombinant NV antigen. Of 18 infected subjects (those who shed NV in stool or who demonstrated immunoglobulin G [IgG] seroconversion), 15 (83%) had > or =4-fold increases in NV-specific salivary IgA and 15 (83%) had > or =4-fold increases in NV-specific salivary IgG when prechallenge and postchallenge saliva samples were compared. When the results of the IgA and IgG assays were combined, all 18 infected subjects showed > or =4-fold increases in NV-specific salivary IgG or IgA postchallenge titers compared to their prechallenge titers. One of 19 uninfected subjects had a > or =4-fold increase in NV-specific salivary IgG. The sensitivity of the combined assay results was 100%, and the specificity was 95%. NV-specific salivary IgA titers peaked around 14 days postchallenge. NV-specific salivary IgG and serum IgG titers continued to rise through 21 days postchallenge. The application of this EIA to an elementary school outbreak indicated that 67% of the subjects with confirmed infections had >4-fold rises in anti-NoV IgA when an antigen in the same genetic cluster as the outbreak virus was used. This is the first documented mucosal antibody response to NoV in children. This EIA provides a useful approach for diagnosing NoV outbreaks. DA - 2004/11// PY - 2004/11// DO - 10.1128/CDLI.11.6.1028-1034.2004 VL - 11 IS - 6 SP - 1028-1034 SN - 1071-412X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analyzing approaches to feral cat management - one size does not fit all AU - Stoskopf, MK AU - Nutter, FB T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - ow to best solve the diverse issues related to feral cats is a complex question with many facets. Each facet reflects large gaps in our knowledge and understanding. Felid biology; global, regional, and local ecology; human psychology; sociology; economics; and theology are all examples of branches of learning that can contribute knowledge toward finding acceptable solutions to feral cat problems. Unfortunately, our understanding of any one of these disciplines is incomplete, particularly with regard to specific knowledge relevant to feral cats. Making informed decisions is therefore difficult at best. Discussions about feral cats often become emotionally charged, even when the discussion is among individuals with similar backgrounds. Perceptions based on personal experiences rapidly substitute for missing objective data, and interpretations of options become increasingly monochromatic. Over the years, I have been expounding to students a general rule based on my observations of scientific debate. The “Rule of Inverse Vehemence” states that the vehemence with which proponents of opposing views argue their points is inversely proportional to the quality of data available to support their positions. In other words, highly charged polemic disagreements are often fueled by DA - 2004/11/1/ PY - 2004/11/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.2004.225.1361 VL - 225 IS - 9 SP - 1361-1364 SN - 0003-1488 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modified serial analysis of gene expression method for construction of gene expression profiles of microbial eukaryotic species AU - Coyne, KJ AU - Burkholder, JM AU - Feldman, RA AU - Hutchins, DA AU - Cary, SC T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is a powerful approach for the identification of differentially expressed genes, providing comprehensive and quantitative gene expression profiles in the form of short tag sequences. Each tag represents a unique transcript, and the relative frequencies of tags in the SAGE library are equal to the relative proportions of the transcripts they represent. One of the major obstacles in the preparation of SAGE libraries from microorganisms is the requirement for large amounts of starting material (i.e., mRNA). Here, we present a novel approach for the construction of SAGE libraries from small quantities of total RNA by using Y linkers to selectively amplify 3' cDNA fragments. To validate this method, we constructed comprehensive gene expression profiles of the toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria shumwayae. SAGE libraries were constructed from an actively toxic fish-fed culture of P. shumwayae and from a recently toxic alga-fed culture. P. shumwayae-specific gene transcripts were identified by comparison of tag sequences in the two libraries. Representative tags with frequencies ranging from 0.026 to 3.3% of the total number of tags in the libraries were chosen for further analysis. Expression of each transcript was confirmed in separate control cultures of toxic P. shumwayae. The modified SAGE method described here produces gene expression profiles that appear to be both comprehensive and quantitative, and it is directly applicable to the study of gene expression in other environmentally relevant microbial species. DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.1128/AEM.70.9.5298-5304.2004 VL - 70 IS - 9 SP - 5298-5304 SN - 1098-5336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An evaluation of methods to determine slope using digital elevation data AU - Warren, SD AU - Hohmann, MG AU - Auerswald, K AU - Mitasova, H T2 - CATENA AB - Variation in the computation of slope from digital elevation data can result in significantly different slope values and can, in turn, lead to widely varying estimates of environmental phenomena such as soil erosion that are highly dependent on slope. Ten methods of computing slope from distributed elevation data, utilizing capabilities inherent in five different geographic information systems (GIS), were compared with field measurements of slope. The methods were compared based on (1) overall estimation performance, (2) estimation accuracy, (3) estimation precision, and (4) independence of estimation errors and the magnitude of field measured slopes. A method utilizing a very high resolution digital elevation model (DEM) (1 m) produced slightly better estimates of slope than approaches utilizing somewhat lower resolution DEMs (2–5.2 m), and significantly better estimates than a method utilizing a 12.5 m DEM. The more accurate method was significantly biased, however, frequently underestimating actual slope. Methods that averaged or smoothed high resolution DEMs over larger areas also produced good estimates of slope, but these were somewhat less accurate in areas of shallow slopes. Methods utilizing differential geometry to compute percent slope from DEMs outperformed methods utilizing trigonometric functions. Errors in slope computation are exaggerated in soil erosion prediction models because erosion typically increases as a power function of slope. DA - 2004/12/10/ PY - 2004/12/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.catena.2004.05.001 VL - 58 IS - 3 SP - 215-233 SN - 1872-6887 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-8144226822&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - digital elevation model KW - geographic information system KW - slope KW - soil erosion ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Dog as a Sentinel for Human Infection: Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi C6 Antibodies in Dogs from Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic States AU - Duncan, Ashlee W. AU - Correa, Maria T. AU - Levine, Jay F. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. T2 - Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases AB - Lyme disease is the most frequently reported human vector-associated disease in the United States. Infection occurs after the bite of an Ixodid tick that is infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Dogs have often been reported to serve as effective sentinel animals to assess the risk of human B. burgdorferi infection. Based on published data of human Lyme disease case numbers and our clinical impressions, we hypothesized that canine exposure to B. burgdorferi would be lower in North Carolina when compared to the exposure in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. To address this hypothesis, we evaluated B. burgdorferi exposure status utilizing a specific and sensitive C6 peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our convenience sample included 1,666 canine serum samples submitted to the Vector Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory from North Carolina (n = 987), Virginia (n = 472), Maryland (n = 167), and Pennsylvania (n = 40). Comparisons among states were made using the Chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test; p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction. A Chi-square test for trend was used to determine if there was an increase in the frequency of seroreactors associated with the geographical origin of the samples. The proportion of seroreactive dogs in North Carolina was markedly lower (p < 0.008) than that observed in dogs from Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. These results support the hypothesis that B. burgdorferi transmission seems to occur infrequently in North Carolina dogs as compared to dogs residing in other southeastern and mid-Atlantic states. Furthermore, they support the utility of dogs as a sentinel to characterize the risk of B. burgdorferi transmission to humans in a defined geographical location. DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.1089/vbz.2004.4.221 VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 221-229 J2 - Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases LA - en OP - SN - 1530-3667 1557-7759 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2004.4.221 DB - Crossref KW - Lyme disease KW - Borrelia burgdorferi KW - dog KW - North Carolina ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling the thermal protective performance of heat resistant garments in flash fire exposures AU - Song, GW AU - Barker, RL AU - Hamouda, H AU - Kuznetsov, AV AU - Chitrphiromsri, P AU - Grimes, RV T2 - TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL AB - This research developes a numerical model to predict skin burn injury resulting from heat transfer through a protective garment worn by an instrumented manikin exposed to laboratory-controlled flash fire exposures. This model incorporates characteristics of the simulated flash fire generated in the chamber and the heat-induced changes in fabric thermophysical properties. The model also accounts for clothing air layers between the garment and the manikin. The model is validated using an instrumented manikin fire test system. Results from the numerical model help contribute to a better understanding of the heat transfer process in protective garments exposed to intense flash fires, and to establishing systematic methods for engineering materials and garments to produce optimum thermal protective performance. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1177/004051750407401201 VL - 74 IS - 12 SP - 1033-1040 SN - 0040-5175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Managing food safety: A systematic approach AU - Jaykus, L. A. AU - Acuff, G. R. AU - Busta, F. F. AU - Dickson, J. S. AU - Hollingsworth, C. A. AU - Marcy, J. AU - McNamara, A. M. T2 - Food Technology DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 58 IS - 10 SP - 36-39 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In-season optimization and site-specific nitrogen management for soft red winter wheat AU - Flowers, M AU - Weisz, R AU - Heiniger, R AU - Osmond, D AU - Crozier, C T2 - AGRONOMY JOURNAL AB - Site-specific N management based on an in-season assessment of crop N status may offer producers increased grain yield, profitability, and spring N fertilizer use efficiency (SNUE). The goal of this study was to determine the distinct contributions of (i) in-season N rate optimization and (ii) site-specific N management. Our objective was to compare site-specific and field-specific N management with typical growers' practices to determine if site-specific N management (i) increased soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield, (ii) reduced N inputs, (iii) increased SNUE, and (iv) reduced within-field grain yield variability. Research was conducted at eight sites in 2000, 2001, and 2002. A randomized complete block design with two or five N management systems was used at two and six sites, respectively. Site-specific management did not improve grain yield compared with field-specific management when based on the same in-season estimation of optimum N rates. At sites where site-specific or field-specific systems were compared with typical growers' practices, grain yield benefits of in-season N optimization (up to 2267 kg ha−1) were apparent. For grain yield, in-season optimization of N rate was more important than site-specific management. A large reduction in N inputs (up to 48.6%) was also attributed to in-season N rate optimization. After incorporating in-season optimization, a further reduction in N inputs (up to 19.6%) was possible through site-specific application. Site-specific N application maximized SNUE compared with either field-specific or typical growers' practices at all sites and reduced within-field grain yield variance at four sites. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.2134/agronj2004.0124 VL - 96 IS - 1 SP - 124-134 SN - 1435-0645 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ecophys.Fish: A simulation model of fish growth in time-varying environmental regimes AU - Neill, WH AU - Brandes, TS AU - Burke, BJ AU - Craig, , SR AU - Dimichele, LV AU - Duchon, K AU - Edwards, RE AU - Fontaine, LP AU - Gatlin, DM AU - Hutchins, C AU - Miller, JM AU - Ponwith, BJ AU - Stahl, CJ AU - Tomasso, , JR AU - Vega, RR T2 - REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE AB - Ecophys.Fish is a deterministic STELLA® model for simulating rates of fish growth in environmental regimes that have simultaneous temporal variation in food, oxygen, temperature, pH, and salinity. The purpose of this article is to introduce Ecophys.Fish to those who might want to use it as a framework or starting point for applications of their own. We believe our model, although focused in autecology, will prove useful at organizational levels both below and above the individual fish. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1080/10641260490479818 VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 233-288 SN - 1547-6553 KW - acclimation KW - bioenergetics KW - ecophysiology KW - FEJ Fry KW - habitat value KW - metabolism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biotelemetry: a mechanistic approach to ecology AU - Cooke, SJ AU - Hinch, SG AU - Wikelski, M AU - Andrews, RD AU - Kuchel, LJ AU - Wolcott, TG AU - Butler, PJ T2 - TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION DA - 2004/6// PY - 2004/6// DO - 10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.003 VL - 19 IS - 6 SP - 334-343 SN - 1872-8383 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Associations between organochlorine contaminant concentrations and clinical health parameters in loggerhead sea turtles from North Carolina, USA AU - Keller, JM AU - Kucklick, , JR AU - Stamper, MA AU - Harms, CA AU - McClellan-Green, PD T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES AB - Widespread and persistent organochlorine (OC) contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides, are known to have broad-ranging toxicities in wildlife. In this study we investigated, for the first time, their possible health effects on loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Nonlethal fat biopsies and blood samples were collected from live turtles for OC contaminant analysis, and concentrations were compared with clinical health assessment data, including hematology, plasma chemistry, and body condition. Concentrations of total PCBs (Sigma PCBs), Sigma DDTs, Sigma chlordanes, dieldrin, and mirex were determined in 44 fat biopsies and 48 blood samples. Blood concentrations of Sigma chlordanes were negatively correlated with red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, indicative of anemia. Positive correlations were observed between most classes of OC contaminants and white blood cell counts and between mirex and Sigma TCDD-like PCB concentrations and the heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, suggesting modulation of the immune system. All classes of OCs in the blood except dieldrin were correlated positively with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, indicating possible hepatocellular damage. Mirex and Sigma TCDD-like PCB blood concentrations were negatively correlated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Significant correlations to levels of certain OC contaminant classes also suggested possible alteration of protein (increasing blood urea nitrogen, decreasing albumin:globulin ratio), carbohydrate (decreasing glucose), and ion (increasing sodium, decreasing magnesium) regulation. These correlations suggest that OC contaminants may be affecting the health of loggerhead sea turtles even though sea turtles accumulate lower concentrations of OCs compared with other wildlife. DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.1289/ehp.6923 VL - 112 IS - 10 SP - 1074-1079 SN - 1552-9924 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A numerical study of a TOGA-COARE squall-line using a coupled mesoscale atmosphere-ocean model AU - Bao, SW AU - Xie, L AU - Raman, S T2 - ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES DA - 2004/9// PY - 2004/9// DO - 10.1007/BF02916368 VL - 21 IS - 5 SP - 708-716 SN - 1861-9533 KW - air-sea interaction KW - mesoscale modeling KW - squall line KW - coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling ER - TY - PAT TI - System for measuring residence time for a particulate containing food product AU - Swartzel, K. R. AU - Simunovic, J. C2 - 2004/// DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Real-time remote monitoring of water quality: a review of current applications, and advancements in sensor, telemetry, and computing technologies AU - Glasgow, HB AU - Burkholder, JM AU - Reed, RE AU - Lewitus, AJ AU - Kleinman, JE T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY AB - Recent advances in communication and sensor technology have catalyzed progress in remote monitoring capabilities for water quality. As a result, the ability to characterize dynamic hydrologic properties at adequate temporal and spatial scales has greatly improved. These advances have led to improved statistical and mechanistic modeling in monitoring of water quality trends at local, watershed and regional scales for freshwater, estuarine and marine ecosystems. In addition, they have greatly enhanced rapid (e.g., real-time) detection of hydrologic variability, recognized as a critical need for early warning systems and rapid response to harmful algal bloom events. Here, we present some of the landmark developments and technological achievements that led to the advent of real-time remote monitors for hydrologic properties. We conclude that increased use and continuing advancements of real-time remote monitoring (RTRM) and sensing technologies will become a progressively more important tool for evaluating water quality. Recent engineering and deployment of RTRM technologies by federal and state regulatory agencies, industries, and academic laboratories is now permitting rapid detection of, and responses to, environmental threats imposed by increased nutrient loadings, development of hypoxic and anoxic areas, toxicants, and harmful algal bloom outbreaks leading to fish kill events and potential human health impacts. DA - 2004/3/31/ PY - 2004/3/31/ DO - 10.1016/j.jembe.2004.02.022 VL - 300 IS - 1-2 SP - 409-448 SN - 1879-1697 KW - communications KW - harmful algal blooms KW - real-time remote monitoring KW - sensor technology KW - telemetry KW - water quality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of furosemide after oral administration to horses AU - Johansson, AM AU - Gardner, SY AU - Levine, JF AU - Papich, MG AU - LaFevers, DH AU - Goldman, RB AU - Sheets, MK AU - Atkins, CE T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE AB - Furosemide is the most common diuretic drug used in horses. Furosemide is routinely administered as IV or IM bolus doses 3-4 times a day. Administration PO is often suggested as an alternative, even though documentation of absorption and efficacy in horses is lacking. This study was carried out in a randomized, crossover design and compared 8-hour urine volume among control horses that received placebo, horses that received furosemide at 1 mg/kg PO, and horses that received furosemide at 1 mg/kg IV. Blood samples for analysis of plasma furosemide concentrations, PCV, and total solids were obtained at specific time points from treated horses. Furosemide concentrations were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection. Systemic availability of furosemide PO was poor, erratic, and variable among horses. Median systemic bioavailability was 5.4% (25th percentile, 75th percentile: 3.5, 9.6). Horses that received furosemide IV produced 7.4 L (7.1, 7.7) of urine over the 8-hour period. The maximum plasma concentration of 0.03 microg/mL after administration PO was not sufficient to increase urine volume compared with control horses (1.2 L [1.0, 1.4] PO versus 1.2 L [1.0, 1.4] control). There was a mild decrease in urine specific gravity within 1-2 hours after administration of furosemide PO, and urine specific gravity was significantly lower in horses treated with furosemide PO compared with control horses at the 2-hour time point. Systemic availability of furosemide PO was poor and variable. Furosemide at 1 mg/kg PO did not induce diuresis in horses. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1892/0891-6640(2004)18<739:PAPOFA>2.0.CO;2 VL - 18 IS - 5 SP - 739-743 SN - 1939-1676 KW - equine KW - frusemide KW - loop diuretic KW - oral bioavailability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hypoxia-induced growth rate reduction in two juvenile estuary-dependent fishes AU - McNatt, RA AU - Rice, JA T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY AB - As eutrophication of coastal waters increases, water quality issues such as hypoxia have come to the forefront of environmental concerns for many estuarine systems. Chronic hypoxia during the summer has become a common occurrence in numerous estuaries, degrading nursery habitat and increasing the potential for exposure of juvenile fish to low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO). We conducted a laboratory study to investigate how hypoxic conditions and temperature affect growth rates of two juvenile estuary-dependent fish: the Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus). For a 2-week period, we exposed the fish to one of four constant DO levels (6.0, 4.0, 2.0 or 1.5 mg O2 l−1), at one of two temperatures (25 or 30 °C). A fifth DO treatment, included for spot at 30 °C, allowed DO to fluctuate from 10.0 mg O2 l−1 during the day, to 2.0 mg O2 l−1 at night. This diel fluctuation approximated the natural DO cycle in tidal estuarine creeks. Size measurements were recorded at the beginning, middle and end of experiments. Growth rates were generally unaffected by low DO until concentrations dropped to 1.5 mg O2 l−1, resulting in 31–89% growth reductions. Our results suggest that DO levels must be severely depressed, and in fact, approaching lethal limits, to negatively impact growth of juvenile spot and Atlantic menhaden. DA - 2004/11/5/ PY - 2004/11/5/ DO - 10.1016/j.jembe.2004.05.006 VL - 311 IS - 1 SP - 147-156 SN - 0022-0981 KW - Brevoortia tyrannus KW - growth KW - hypoxia KW - Leiostomus xanthurus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gill trematodes (flukes) in wild-caught killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) AU - Goulding, D. R. AU - Blankenship-Paris, T. L. AU - Lewbart, G. A. AU - Myers, P. H. AU - Demianenko, T. K. AU - Clark, J. A. AU - Forsythe, D. B. T2 - Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 32-34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fish density, diversity, and size-structure within multiple back reef habitats of Key West National Wildlife Refuge AU - Eggleston, D. B. AU - Dahlgren, C. P. AU - Johnson, E. G. T2 - Bulletin of Marine Science DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 75 IS - 2 SP - 175-204 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of bridge shading on estuarine marsh benthic invertebrate community structure and function AU - Struck, SD AU - Craft, CB AU - Broome, SW AU - Sanclements, MD AU - Sacco, JN T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.1007/s00267-004-0032-y VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 99-111 SN - 0364-152X KW - bridge shading KW - light attenuation KW - benthic invertebrates KW - North Carolina KW - ecosystem structure and function KW - human impacts KW - coastal wetlands ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of amikacin pharmacokinetics in a killer whale (Orcinus orca) and a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) AU - KuKanich, B AU - Papich, M AU - Huff, D AU - Stoskopf, M T2 - JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE AB - Amikacin, an aminoglycoside antimicrobial, was administered to a killer whale (Orcinus orca) and a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) for the treatment of clinical signs consistent with gram-negative aerobic bacterial infections. Dosage regimens were designed to target a maximal plasma concentration 8–10 times the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the pathogen and to reduce the risk of aminoglycoside toxicity. Allometric analysis of published pharmacokinetic parameters in mature animals yielded a relationship for amikacin's volume of distribution, in milliliters, given by the equation Vd = 151.058(BW)1.043. An initial dose for amikacin was estimated by calculating the volume of distribution and targeted maximal concentration. With this information, dosage regimens for i.m. administration were designed for a killer whale and a beluga whale. Therapeutic drug monitoring was performed on each whale to assess the individual pharmacokinetic parameters. The elimination half-life (5.99 hr), volume of distribution per bioavailability (319 ml/kg), and clearance per bioavailability (0.61 ml/min/kg) were calculated for the killer whale. The elimination half-life (5.03 hr), volume of distribution per bioavailability (229 ml/kg), and clearance per bioavailability (0.53 ml/ min/kg) were calculated for the beluga whale. The volume of distribution predicted from the allometric equation for both whales was similar to the calculated pharmacokinetic parameter. Both whales exhibited a prolonged elimination half-life and decreased clearance when compared with other animal species despite normal renal parameters on biochemistry panels. Allometric principles and therapeutic drug monitoring were used to accurately determine the doses in these cases and to avoid toxicity. DA - 2004/6// PY - 2004/6// DO - 10.1638/03-078 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 179-184 SN - 1042-7260 KW - aminoglycoside KW - amikacin KW - Delphinapterus leucas KW - pharmacokinetics KW - whale KW - Orcinus orca ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) vitellogenin: purification and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of endocrine disruption by papermill effluent AU - Cheek, AO AU - King, VW AU - Burse, , JR AU - Borton, DL AU - Sullivan, CV T2 - COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY AB - Vitellogenin (VTG) is a highly specific marker of exposure to environmental estrogens and has been used extensively in field and laboratory studies of estrogenic endocrine disruption in fishes. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive, competitive, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) vitellogenin. Bluegill VTG was purified by anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-agarose. The polypeptide had an apparent mass of 170 kDa and was specifically recognized by the rabbit antiserum raised against bluegill female-specific plasma protein. Plasma samples from vitellogenic females diluted in parallel with the purified VTG standard curve in the ELISA. The detection limit of the assay was 29 ng/ml and the working range extended to 2700 ng/ml. Recovery of purified VTG was 85.8±9.5%, intra-assay variation was 6.4% and interassay variation was 12.3%. We used this ELISA to analyze the seasonal cycle of vitellogenesis in female bluegill and to evaluate potential disruption of this process by exposure to bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME). Captive female bluegill stocked in outdoor experimental streams in New Bern, NC had the lowest levels of VTG, estradiol-17β (E2), and testosterone (T) and the smallest oocyte diameters in January, but these variables increased in March and remained elevated through August, suggesting an extended spawning season. Plasma VTG, E2, T and oocyte diameter were unaffected by exposure to BKME concentrations as high as 30%. Development of the VTG ELISA allowed rapid and convenient analysis of plasma samples to evaluate exposure to potential endocrine disrupting compounds. DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// DO - 10.1016/j.cca.2004.01.005 VL - 137 IS - 3 SP - 249-260 SN - 1878-1659 KW - endocrine disruption KW - vitellogenesis KW - sunfish KW - Kraft mill effluent KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - sex steroids KW - reproduction KW - centrarchidae ER - TY - JOUR TI - Antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species isolated from produce AU - Johnston, LM AU - Jaykus, LA T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterococcus species isolated from fresh produce harvested in the southwestern United States. Among the 185 Enterococcus isolates obtained, 97 (52%) were Enterococcus faecium, 38 (21%) were Enterococcus faecalis, and 50 (27%) were other Enterococcus species. Of human clinical importance, E. faecium strains had a much higher prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and nitrofurantoin than E. faecalis. E. faecalis strains had a low prevalence of resistance to antibiotics used to treat E. faecalis infections of both clinical and of agricultural relevance, excluding its intrinsic resistance patterns. Thirty-four percent of the isolates had multiple-drug-resistance patterns, excluding intrinsic resistance. Data on the prevalence and types of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus species isolated from fresh produce may be used to describe baseline antibiotic susceptibility profiles associated with Enterococcus spp. isolated from the environment. The data collected may also help elucidate the role of foods in the transmission of antibiotic-resistant strains to human populations. DA - 2004/5// PY - 2004/5// DO - 10.1128/AEM.70.5.3133-3137.2004 VL - 70 IS - 5 SP - 3133-3137 SN - 1098-5336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Struvite penile urethrolithiasis in a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) AU - Harms, CA AU - Lo Piccolo, R AU - Rotstein, DS AU - Hohn, AA T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES AB - Massive urolithiasis of the penile urethra was observed in an adult pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) stranded on Topsail Island, North Carolina, USA. Calculi occupied the urethra from just distal to the sigmoid flexure to the tip of the penis for a length of 43 cm. A urethral diverticulum was present proximal to the calculi. The major portion of the multinodular urolith weighed 208 g and was 16 cm long × 3.7 cm diameter at the widest point. The urolith was composed of 100% struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and on culture yielded Klebsiella oxytoca, a ureasepositive bacterium occasionally associated with struvite urolith formation in domestic animals. Reaction to the calculi was characterized histologically by moderate multifocal to coalescing plasmacytic balanitis and penile urethritis. Role of the urethrolithiasis in the whale's stranding is speculative but could have involved pain or metabolic perturbations such as uremia or hyperammonemia. DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.7589/0090-3558-40.3.588 VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 588-593 SN - 0090-3558 KW - Kogia breviceps KW - pygmy sperm whale KW - struvite KW - urethrolith KW - urinary calculi ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seroprevalences of antibodies against Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii and fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia spp, and Toxocara catiin feral and pet domestic cats AU - Nutter, Felicia B. AU - Dubey, J. P. AU - Levine, Jay F. AU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B. AU - Ford, Richard B. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AB - Abstract Objective —To compare seroprevalences of antibodies against Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii and fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia spp, and Toxocara cati in feral and pet domestic cats. Design —Prospective cross-sectional serologic and coprologic survey. Animals —100 feral cats and 76 pet domestic cats from Randolph County, NC. Procedure —Blood and fecal samples were collected and tested. Results —Percentages of feral cats seropositive for antibodies against B henselae and T gondii (93% and 63%, respectively) were significantly higher than percentages of pet cats (75% and 34%). Percentages of feral and pet cats with Cryptosporidium spp (7% of feral cats; 6% of pet cats), Giardia spp (6% of feral cats; 5% of pet cats), and T cati ova (21% of feral cats; 18% of pet cats) in their feces were not significantly different between populations. Results of CBCs and serum biochemical analyses were not significantly different between feral and pet cats, except that feral cats had a significantly lower median PCV and significantly higher median neutrophil count. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Results suggested that feral and pet cats had similar baseline health status, as reflected by results of hematologic and serum biochemical testing and similar prevalences of infection with Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia spp, and T cati . Feral cats did have higher seroprevalences of antibodies against B henselae and T gondii than did pet cats, but this likely was related to greater exposure to vectors of these organisms. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:1394–1398) DA - 2004/11// PY - 2004/11// DO - 10.2460/javma.2004.225.1394 VL - 225 IS - 9 SP - 1394-1398 J2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association LA - en OP - SN - 0003-1488 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2004.225.1394 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reproductive capacity of free-roaming domestic cats and kitten survival rate AU - Nutter, Felicia B. AU - Levine, Jay F. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AB - To determine reproductive capacity of naturally breeding free-roaming domestic cats and kitten survival rate.Prospective cohort and retrospective cross-sectional study.2,332 female cats brought to a trap-neuter-return clinic for neutering and 71 female cats and 171 kittens comprising 50 litters from a cohort study of feral cats in managed colonies.Data collected for all cats included pregnancy, lactation, and estrus status and number of fetuses for pregnant cats. Additional data collected for feral cats in managed colonies included numbers of litters per year and kittens per litter, date of birth, kitten survival rate, and causes of death.Pregnant cats were observed in all months of the year, but the percentage of cats found to be pregnant was highest in March, April, and May. Cats produced a mean of 1.4 litters/y, with a median of 3 kittens/litter (range, 1 to 6). Overall, 127 of 169 (75%) kittens died or disappeared before 6 months of age. Trauma was the most common cause of death.Results illustrate the high reproductive capacity of free-roaming domestic cats. Realistic estimates of the reproductive capacity of female cats may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of population control strategies. DA - 2004/11// PY - 2004/11// DO - 10.2460/javma.2004.225.1399 VL - 225 IS - 9 SP - 1399-1402 J2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association LA - en OP - SN - 0003-1488 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2004.225.1399 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ranavirus-associated morbidity and mortality in a group of captive eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) AU - De Voe, R AU - Geissler, K AU - Elmore, S AU - Rotstein, D AU - Lewbart, G AU - Guy, J T2 - JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE AB - Seven captive eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) from a large collection of North American chelonians in North Carolina became acutely ill in the fall of 2002. Five of the turtles died. Clinical signs included cutaneous abscessation, oral ulceration or abscessation (or both), respiratory distress, anorexia, and lethargy. The predominant postmortem lesion was fibrinoid vasculitis of various organs, including skin, mucous membranes, lungs, and liver. No inclusion bodies were detected by histopathology or electron microscopy of formalin-fixed tissue. An iridovirus was isolated from tissues obtained postmortem from two of the box turtles that died. The virus was characterized by electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and sequence analysis of a portion of the major capsid protein as a member of the genus Ranavirus. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1638/03-037 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 534-543 SN - 1042-7260 KW - eastern box turtle KW - Terrapene carolina carolina KW - iridovirus KW - Ranavirus KW - vasculitis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plasma biochemistry reference values of wild-caught southern stingrays (Dasyatis americana) AU - Cain, Danielle K. AU - Harms, Craig A. AU - Segars, Al T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine AB - Stingrays are prominent marine animals; however, there are few published reference values for their blood chemistry and hematology. Twenty-eight southern stingrays (Dasyatis americana) were caught using the bottom trawl nets of fishery-independent boats operated by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources during June and July 2002 from Winyah Bay, South Carolina, to St. Augustine, Florida. Median values of blood and plasma obtained from live animals promptly after capture are as follows: packed cell volume = 0.22 L/L (22%), total solids (TS) = 56.5 g/L (5.65 g/dl), total protein (TP) = 26 g/L (2.6 g/dl), sodium = 315 mmol/L, potassium = 4.95 mmol/L, chloride = 342 mmol/L, calcium = 4.12 mmol/L (16.5 mg/dl), phosphorus = 1.5 mmol/L (4.7 mg/dl), urea nitrogen = 444 mmol/L (1,243 mg/dl), glucose = 1.69 mmol/L (30 mg/dl), aspartate aminotransferase = 14.5 U/L, creatine phosphokinase = 80.5 U/L, osmolality = 1065 mOsm/kg, and lactate = 3.1 mmol/L. Bicarbonate was less than the low end of the instrument range (5 mmol/L) in all but three samples. Anion gap was negative in all samples. Albumin was less than the low end of the instrument range (1 g/dl) in all except one sample. Osmolality was significantly higher in the rays caught in the southern region. TS and TP values were linearly related to each other, and the equation for the fitted line is TS = (11.61 × TP) 25.4 (in g/L) [or TS = (1.161 × TP) 2.54 (in g/dl)]. The reference ranges reported in this study can be used to aid in the management of aquarium stingrays and to create a baseline for health monitoring of the wild Dasyatis spp. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1638/03-107 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 471-476 SN - 1042-7260 1937-2825 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/03-107 KW - Dasyatis americana KW - plasma biochemistry KW - southern stingray KW - reference range ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmacokinetics of sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim in a 5 : 1 ratio following intraperitoneal and oral administration, in the hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxitalis) AU - Bakal, RS AU - Bai, SA AU - Stoskopf, MK T2 - JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS AB - Selected pharmacokinetic parameters for sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim, administered in a 5:1 ratio, via the oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes were determined in the hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxitalis). Plasma concentrations of both drugs were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. A first-order one-compartment model adequately described plasma drug disposition. The elimination half-lives for sulfadimethoxine following i.p. and oral administration were 26 and 10.5 h, respectively. The half-lives for ormetoprim administered via i.p. and oral routes were 7.5 and 3.9 h, respectively. Cmax for sulfadimethoxine via the i.p. and oral routes were calculated to be 27.7 (+/-9.0) microg/mL at 3.6 h and 3.2 (+/-1.2) microg/mL at 1.2 h, respectively. Cmax for ormetoprim via the i.p. route was calculated to be 1.2 (+/-0.5) microg/mL at 9.1 h and 1.58 (+/-0.7) microg/mL at 5.7 h for the oral route. The oral availability of sulfadimethoxine relative to the i.p. route was 4.6%, while the oral availability of ormetoprim relative to the i.p. route was 78.5%. Due to the nonconstant ratio of these drugs in the plasma of the animal, the actual drug ratio to use for determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is unclear. Using the ratio of the total amount of each drug that is absorbed as a surrogate for the mean actual ratio may be the best alternative to current methods. Using this ratio as determined in these studies, (2.14:1 sulfadimethoxine:ormetoprim) to determine the MICs the single 50 mg/kg oral dose of the 5:1 combination of sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim appears to provide plasma concentrations high enough to inhibit the growth of Yersinia ruckeri, Edwardsiella tarda, and Escherichia coli. DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// DO - 10.1046/j.0140-7783.2003.00540.x VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 1-6 SN - 0140-7783 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) after single intravenous and intramuscular injections AU - Harms, CA AU - Papich, MG AU - Stamper, A AU - Ross, PM AU - Rodriguez, MX AU - Hohn, AA T2 - JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE AB - The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in yearling loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) following single i.m and i.v. injections were studied. Eight juvenile 1.25+/-0.18 kg turtles were divided into two groups. Four animals received 20 mg/kg of ceftazidime i.v. and four received the same dose i.m. Plasma ceftazidime concentrations were analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The i.v. and i.m. administration half-lives were 20.59+/-3.24 hr and 19.08+/-0.77 hr, respectively. The volume of distribution was 0.42+/-0.07 L/kg, and the systemic clearance was 0.217+/-0.005 ml/min/kg. Ceftazidime was detected in all blood samples and its concentration exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for Pseudomonas for 60 hr after i.m. and i.v. injections. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1638/03-083 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 477-488 SN - 1042-7260 KW - biologic marker KW - Caretta caretta KW - loggerhead sea turtle KW - oxytetracycline KW - pharmacokinetics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Optimization of incorporation of low-molecular-weight cryoprotectants into intact fish muscle AU - Goeller, LM AU - Amato, PM AU - Farkas, BE AU - Green, DP AU - Lanier, TC AU - Kong, CS T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AB - ABSTRACT: Chunks of freshwater trout muscle were immersed in sorbitol solutions (0% to 60%), under different vacuum conditions, for up to 30 min at 5 °C. Moisture loss, weight change, and sorbitol uptake were measured or calculated by mass balance, and cryoprotection during subsequent freezing and thawing was monitored as change in myosin Ca2+ ATPase activity. Vacuum treatment had no effect on measured parameters. Initial sorbitol uptake and weight loss were greater at higher sorbitol concentrations, but adequate cryoprotection was achieved by all treatments when diffusion time following immersion was extended sufficiently. Injection of 60% sorbitol was faster in achieving desired levels of sorbitol in fish meat and induced excellent cryoprotection. DA - 2004/5// PY - 2004/5// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb06342.x VL - 69 IS - 4 SP - E164-E171 SN - 1750-3841 KW - diffusion KW - vacuum KW - trout KW - sorbitol KW - ATPase ER - TY - PCOMM TI - Ongoing controversy over Pfiesteria AU - Burkholder, J. M. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1126/science.304.5667.46b SP - 46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gill metaplasia in a goldfish, Carassius auratus auratus (L.) AU - Govett, PD AU - Rotstein, DS AU - Lewbart, GA T2 - JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES AB - Journal of Fish DiseasesVolume 27, Issue 7 p. 419-423 Gill metaplasia in a goldfish, Carassius auratus auratus (L.) P D Govett, P D Govett Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA North Carolina Zoological Park, Asheboro, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorD S Rotstein, D S Rotstein North Carolina Zoological Park, Asheboro, NC, USA Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA Present address: D S Rotstein, Department of Pathobiology, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA Search for more papers by this authorG A Lewbart, G A Lewbart Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this author P D Govett, P D Govett Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA North Carolina Zoological Park, Asheboro, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorD S Rotstein, D S Rotstein North Carolina Zoological Park, Asheboro, NC, USA Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA Present address: D S Rotstein, Department of Pathobiology, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA Search for more papers by this authorG A Lewbart, G A Lewbart Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 July 2004 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00546.xCitations: 6 Pamela Govett, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA (e-mail: pamgovett@hotmail.com) Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume27, Issue7July 2004Pages 419-423 RelatedInformation DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00546.x VL - 27 IS - 7 SP - 419-423 SN - 0140-7775 KW - Carassius auratus auratus KW - gill KW - goldfish KW - Mycobacterium KW - osseous metaplasia ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gelling properties of Atlantic croaker surimi processed by acid or alkaline solubilization AU - Perez-Mateos, M AU - Amato, PM AU - Lanier, TC T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AB - ABSTRACT: Textural properties of gels from Atlantic croaker surimi recovered by isoelectric precipitation, following acid (AC) or alkaline (AL) solubilization, were compared with that of conventionally washed (CW) surimi. Gel strengths were in the order of AL > AC > CW, with higher gel strength and deformability induced by microbial transglutaminase addition. None of the surimi treatments evidenced endogenous TGase activity. Salt (2% NaCl) addition had variable effects. Proteolysis was evident by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in gels from all treatments when preincubated at 30 °C or 40 °C. DA - 2004/5// PY - 2004/5// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb06335.x VL - 69 IS - 4 SP - C328-C333 SN - 1750-3841 KW - transglutaminase KW - surimi KW - acid KW - alkaline KW - solubilization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of organochlorine compounds on cytochrome P450 aromatase activity in an immortal sea turtle cell line AU - Keller, JM AU - McClellan-Green, P T2 - MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AB - Many classes of environmental contaminants affect the reproductive function of animals through interactions with the endocrine system. The primary components affected by endocrine active compounds (EACs) are the steroid receptors and the enzymes responsible for steroidogenesis. This study sought to develop an in vitro model for assessing EAC effects in sea turtles by examining their ability to alter cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) activity. Aromatase is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of testosterone to estradiol. This enzyme is critical in the sexual differentiation of reptiles which demonstrate temperature-dependent sex determination. An immortal testis cell line GST-TS from a green sea turtle was grown in culture at 30 degrees C in RPMI 1640 media. The cells were exposed to three known aromatase inducers; dexamethasone (Dex), 8Br-cyclic AMP, or human chronic gonadotropin (HCG) and one aromatase inhibitor 4-androstenol-dione (4-OHA). In addition, the GST-TS cells were exposed to 0.1-30 microM atrazine and 3-100 microM 4,4'-DDE. The inducing compounds that have been shown to increase aromatase activity in other systems failed to induce aromatase activity in the GST-TS cells, yet exposure to the inhibiting compound, 4-OHA, did result in a significant reduction. Atrazine (0.1, 1.0 and 10 microM) significantly induced aromatase activity following a 24 h exposure, and 4,4'-DDE inhibited the activity but only at cytotoxic concentrations (100 microM). Based on these results, this in vitro model can be useful in examining the endocrine effects of EACs in sea turtles. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.080 VL - 58 IS - 2-5 SP - 347-351 SN - 1879-0291 KW - sea turtle KW - endocrine KW - aromatase KW - cell line KW - testis KW - atrazine KW - DDE ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of diet on otolith composition in Pomatomus saltatrix, an estuarine piscivore AU - Buckel, J. A. AU - Sharack, B. L. AU - Zdanowicz, V. S. T2 - Journal of Fish Biology DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00393.x VL - 64 IS - 6 SP - 1469-1484 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative studies of mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in four captive rhinoceros species AU - Vance, C. K. AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, S. AU - Obringer, A. R. AU - Roth, T. L. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine AB - Cellular immune function in four rhinoceros species was evaluated by way of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation responses to mitogenic and antigenic stimuli to establish normative data on white blood cell activity for each species and to identify species-specific differences that might help explain the predisposition of black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) to disease. A cross section of the U.S. rhinoceros population encompassing all four captive species was sampled, including the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) (n = 3); Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) (n = 4); African black rhinoceros (n = 16); and African white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) (n = 10). Of the four species evaluated, African black rhinoceroses exhibited the weakest (P < 0.05) lymphocyte proliferative responses to the mitogens: pokeweed (0.1 μg/ml), phytohemagglutinin (0.3 μg/ml), and concanavalin A (5.0 μg/ml). Total cell density at the end of culture was only 70% of that achieved with lymphocytes isolated from African white rhinoceroses, Indian rhinoceroses, and Sumatran rhinoceroses. However, lymphocyte response to bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide was similar (P > 0.05) across species. Antigenic stimulation produced much weaker responses than mitogenic stimulation. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed among rhinoceros species in response to 1 and 10 μg/ml of Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae or Leptospira gryppotyphosa. Lymphocytes from African white rhinoceroses proliferated weakly in the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus filtrate, whereas lymphocytes from the southern black rhinoceros subspecies appeared slightly suppressed in the presence of increasing doses (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/ml) of Aspergillus filtrate. This comparative data set characterizing lymphocyte proliferation in the rhinoceros reveals several differences in immune cell responses among rhinoceros species and provides some evidence that lymphocytes of captive African black rhinoceroses are less vigorous than those of the other rhinoceros species. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1638/04-014 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 435-446 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparative impacts of two major hurricane seasons on the Neuse River and western Pamlico Sound ecosystems AU - Burkholder, J AU - Eggleston, D AU - Glasgow, H AU - Brownie, C AU - Reed, R AU - Janowitz, G AU - Posey, M AU - Melia, G AU - Kinder, C AU - Corbett, R AU - Toms, D AU - Alphin, T AU - Deamer, N AU - Springer, J T2 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AB - Ecosystem-level impacts of two hurricane seasons were compared several years after the storms in the largest lagoonal estuary in the U.S., the Albemarle–Pamlico Estuarine System. A segmented linear regression flow model was developed to compare mass-water transport and nutrient loadings to a major artery, the Neuse River Estuary (NRE), and to estimate mean annual versus storm-related volume delivery to the NRE and Pamlico Sound. Significantly less water volume was delivered by Hurricane Fran (1996), but massive fish kills occurred in association with severe dissolved oxygen deficits and high contaminant loadings (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended solids, and fecal bacteria). The high water volume of the second hurricane season (Hurricanes Dennis, Floyd, and Irene in 1999) delivered generally comparable but more dilute contaminant loads, and no major fish kills were reported. There were no discernable long-term adverse impacts on water quality. Populations of undesirable organisms, such as toxic dinoflagellates, were displaced down-estuary to habitats less conducive for growth. The response of fisheries was species-dependent: there was no apparent impact of the hurricanes on commercial landings of bivalve molluscs or shrimp. In contrast, interacting effects of hurricane floodwaters in 1999 and intensive fishing pressure led to striking reductions in blue crabs. Overall, the data support the premise that, in shallow estuaries frequently disturbed by hurricanes, there can be relatively rapid recovery in water quality and biota, and benefit from the scouring activity of these storms. DA - 2004/6/22/ PY - 2004/6/22/ DO - 10.1073/pnas.0306842101 VL - 101 IS - 25 SP - 9291-9296 SN - 0027-8424 KW - estuaries KW - fisheries KW - resilience KW - volume delivery KW - water quality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stability of omega-3 fatty acids in fortified surimi seafoods during chilled storage AU - Perez-Mateos, M AU - Boyd, L AU - Lanier, T T2 - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY AB - Physical, chemical, and sensory properties of cooked surimi seafood gels (crab analogue) fortified with omega-3 fatty acids (FA) were monitored during chilled storage. Three sources of stabilized omega-3 FA (fish oil concentrate, menhaden oil, and a purified marine oil) were each incorporated into gels to an omega-3 FA content of 1.5 or 2.5%, w/w. Omega-3 FA stability, development of off-flavors, and changes in color and texture were monitored during chilled storage for 2 months. Gels with fish oil concentrate developed fishy flavor and aroma within 30 days and were eliminated from the study. Gels containing menhaden oil and purified marine oil exhibited little change in sensory properties or oxidation products throughout 2 months of storage. Relative polyene index values (ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids) indicated that the omega-3 FA were stable at both levels of addition. Omega-3 fortified gels were whiter than control gels, and gel texture was modified when menhaden and purified oils were added but not significantly affected by the level of omega-3 addition. Keywords: Omega-3; surimi; lipid stability; chilled storage DA - 2004/12/29/ PY - 2004/12/29/ DO - 10.1021/jf049656s VL - 52 IS - 26 SP - 7944-7949 SN - 1520-5118 KW - omega-3 KW - surimi KW - lipid stability KW - chilled storage ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stabilisation of scoliosis in two koi (Cyprinus carpio) AU - Govett, PD AU - Olby, NJ AU - Marcellin-Little, DJ AU - Rotstein, DS AU - Reynolds, IL AU - Lewbart, GA T2 - VETERINARY RECORD AB - Two koi ( Cyprinus carpio ) from the same pond developed similar lesions of scoliosis. Radiographic examinations showed that their spines had become malaligned as a result of vertebral compression fractures involving T14 to T16. The vertebrae in both fish were stabilised with screws, k‐wire and polymethylmethacrylate. They both appeared to improve after surgery, but they began to decline and died within three months. A postmortem examination revealed multi‐organ inflammation that was not associated with the surgical implants. DA - 2004/7/24/ PY - 2004/7/24/ DO - 10.1136/vr.155.4.115 VL - 155 IS - 4 SP - 115-119 SN - 0042-4900 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal physical–chemical structure and acoustic Doppler current profiler flow patterns over multiple years in a shallow, stratified estuary, with implications for lateral variability AU - Reed, Robert E. AU - Glasgow, Howard B. AU - Burkholder, JoAnn M. AU - Brownie, Cavell T2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science AB - The overall goal of this study was to strengthen understanding of the hydrographic structure in shallow estuaries as influenced by seasonal and depth-dependent variability, and by variability from extreme meteorological events. The mesohaline Neuse Estuary, North Carolina, U.S.A., which was the focus, receives surface inputs from upriver and tributary freshwater sources and bottom inputs from downriver high-salinity sound water sources, resulting in varying degrees of stratification. To assess depth-dependent, estuary-wide changes in salinity, a multiple time series was created using data from four discrete depths (surface and 1, 2, and 3m±0.25m). The database was developed from weekly to biweekly sampling of the entire water column, and included side-channel as well as mid-channel data. We characterized seasonal differences in halocline depth affecting the hydrographic structure of the mesohaline estuary and site-specific variation in nutrient concentrations, based on a comprehensive eight-year physical/chemical database. The first two years of the record showed an expected seasonal signal and included events that impacted the surface layer from freshwater inputs. Remaining years had greater variability over seasons and depths, with freshening events that affected all depths. Halocline depth was compared at specific locations, and a “snapshot” view was provided of the relative depth of these water masses within the estuary by season. We also examined flow patterns at the same cross-estuary sites over a three-year period, using a boat-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) with bottom-tracking capability. Composite visualizations constructed with single-transect ADCP data revealed a classical estuarine circulation pattern of outflow at the surface/southern shore and inflow at the bottom/northern shore. Although this pattern deviated under extreme climatological events and was sometimes variable, the estuary generally exhibited a high probability of direction of flow. Wind fields, hurricanes, and small-scale, high-precipitation events represented significant forcing variables. DA - 2004/8// PY - 2004/8// DO - 10.1016/j.ecss.2004.02.010 VL - 60 IS - 4 SP - 549-566 J2 - Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science LA - en OP - SN - 0272-7714 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.02.010 DB - Crossref KW - acoustic Doppler current profiler KW - buoyancy plume KW - estuary KW - flow patterns KW - lateral variability KW - halocline ER - TY - JOUR TI - From bedrock to burial: the evolution of particulate organic carbon across coupled watershed-continental margin systems AU - Blair, NE AU - Leithold, EL AU - Aller, RC T2 - MARINE CHEMISTRY AB - Deltas sequester nearly half of the organic carbon (OC) buried in the marine environment. The composition of the buried organic matter reflects both watershed and seabed processes. A conceptual model is presented that describes the evolution of particulate organic carbon (POC) as it travels from its terrestrial source to its burial at sea. Alterations to the POC occur primarily in bioactive reservoirs, such as soils and the surface mixed layer (SML) of the seabed, where new organic matter can be added and older material degraded. Bypassing or rapid passage through the reservoirs is a key parameter because it avoids change. The Eel River of northern California and the Amazon River systems illustrate the importance of reservoir transit time and storage in determining the character of POC delivered to the continental margin. The Eel exemplifies a bypass system. Mass-wasting processes on land deliver unaltered bedrock along with OC derived from extant vegetation directly to the river channel without significant storage in soils. Rapid burial on the shelf occurs as a result of flood events. As a consequence, the buried material appears to be a simple mixture of carbon derived from kerogen (bedrock C), and modern terrestrial and marine sources. This is predicted to be a characteristic of the many similar short rivers on active margins that supply >40% of the fluvial sediment to the world's ocean. Extensive storage and processing of OC in lowland soils is a characteristic of the large Amazon watershed. Upland POC compositions are either overprinted or replaced by lowland sources. Upon delivery to the shelf, over half of the riverine POC is lost as a result of residence in sediment layers that are periodically reworked over time scales of days to months. The addition of fresh reactive marine OC, exposure to oxygen, and the regeneration of metal oxidants during resuspension events fuel the oxidation of the riverine organic matter. The nature of the watershed-shelf processes likely produce a complex mixture of organics possessing a continuum of ages and reactivities. The model illustrates the need to develop tools to measure residence times of particles in the various reservoirs so that the behavior of POC can be calibrated as it moves through a sedimentary system. The ultimate goal is to be able to use the organic geochemistry of soils and sediments to quantitatively infer the history of processes that determine both the composition and amount of POC present in different depositional environments. DA - 2004/12/1/ PY - 2004/12/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.023 VL - 92 IS - 1-4 SP - 141-156 SN - 1872-7581 KW - organic carbon KW - carbon isotopes KW - river KW - continental margin KW - soil KW - kerogen KW - delta ER - TY - JOUR TI - Extracellular production of a functional soy cystatin by Bacillus subtilis AU - Kang, IS AU - Wang, JJ AU - Shih, JCH AU - Lanier, TC T2 - JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY AB - A recombinant Bacillus subtilis producing soy cystatin was developed by subcloning with a soy cystatin gene cloned in Escherichia coli. An active form of cystatin against the cysteine protease from Pacific whiting fillets contaminated with Myxosporidia parasite was constitutively expressed and secreted extracelluarly into the medium. Two gene fragments of signal peptides from kerA and sacB were introduced and compared for secretion efficiency of cystatin. The secretion level of active cystatin improved with the signal peptide of kerA when compared to that of sacB. Inhibitor activity was reduced rapidly after peak expression of the target protein at 36 h of fermentation. The addition of 1% glucose, a suppressor of protease, into the medium sustained the increase of the cystatin activity during fermentation. This study introduced a potential new method for fermentation production of cystatin. Keywords: Protease inhibitor; cloning; signal peptide; secretion; surimi DA - 2004/8/11/ PY - 2004/8/11/ DO - 10.1021/jf049711x VL - 52 IS - 16 SP - 5052-5056 SN - 1520-5118 KW - protease inhibitor KW - cloning KW - signal peptide KW - secretion KW - surimi ER - TY - JOUR TI - Epidemic clone I-specific genetic markers in strains of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b from foods (vol 70, pg 4158, 2004) AU - Yildirim, S AU - Lin, W AU - Hitchins, AD AU - Jaykus, LA AU - Altermann, E AU - Klaenhammer, TR AU - Kathariou, S T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - Listeria monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat foods has been implicated in numerous outbreaks of food-borne listeriosis. However, the health hazards posed by L. monocytogenes detected in foods may vary, and speculations exist that strains actually implicated in illness may constitute only a fraction of those that contaminate foods. In this study, examination of 34 serogroup 4 (putative or confirmed serotype 4b) isolates of L. monocytogenes obtained from various foods and food-processing environments, without known implication in illness, revealed that many of these strains had methylation of cytosines at GATC sites in the genome, rendering their DNA resistant to digestion by the restriction endonuclease Sau3AI. These strains also harbored a gene cassette with putative restriction-modification system genes as well as other, genomically unlinked genetic markers characteristic of the major epidemic-associated lineage of L. monocytogenes (epidemic clone I), implicated in numerous outbreaks in Europe and North America. This may reflect a relatively high fitness of strains with these genetic markers in foods and food-related environments relative to other serotype 4b strains and may partially account for the repeated involvement of such strains in human food-borne listeriosis. Food contamination by Listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in numerous outbreaks and sporadic cases of human illness. Most commonly implicated in listeriosis are highly processed, ready-to-eat (RTE) foods that are kept refrigerated for various periods of time. At risk for listeriosis are people in the extremes of age, pregnant women and their fetuses, cancer patients, and others experiencing immunosuppression (13, 24, 35, 38). Listeriosis can have severe symptoms (septicemia, meningitis, and stillbirths) and a high mortality rate (20 to 30%). Hence, regulations exist in numerous nations concerning the density (e.g., 1 CFU/25 g) of cells of the etiologic agent permissible in RTE foods. Such regulations are based on the hypothesis that any L. monocytogenes strain that can be detected in RTE foods has the potential to pose serious hazards to human health. The potential hazard posed by listerial contamination of RTE foods can be influenced by the number of cells at the point of consumption, which would depend on conditions of storage, type of food matrix and its impact on growth, presence of competing microflora and antimicrobial agents, etc. In addition, the strain type of L. monocytogenes involved may be of importance. It is likely, based on studies with other bacterial pathogens, that some strains and strain clusters (clonal groups) within the species might be more pathogenic than others. Speculations have been formulated that only a fraction of the strains of L. monocytogenes found in foods may be capable of causing human illness (20). There is indeed evidence that the repertoire of strains ca DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1128/aem.70.12.7581.2004 VL - 70 IS - 12 SP - 7581-7581 SN - 0099-2240 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effective GnRHa dose and gamete ratio for reproduction of southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma (Jordan and Gilbert 1884) AU - Luckenbach, JA AU - Sullivan, CV T2 - AQUACULTURE RESEARCH AB - Aquaculture ResearchVolume 35, Issue 15 p. 1482-1486 Effective GnRHa dose and gamete ratio for reproduction of southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma (Jordan and Gilbert 1884) J Adam Luckenbach, J Adam Luckenbach Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorCraig V Sullivan, Craig V Sullivan Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this author J Adam Luckenbach, J Adam Luckenbach Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorCraig V Sullivan, Craig V Sullivan Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 06 September 2004 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01168.xCitations: 3 Correspondence: C V Sullivan, Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA. E-mail: craig_sullivan@ncsu.edu Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume35, Issue15December 2004Pages 1482-1486 RelatedInformation DA - 2004/12/22/ PY - 2004/12/22/ DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01168.x VL - 35 IS - 15 SP - 1482-1486 SN - 1365-2109 KW - Paralichthys lethostigma KW - reproduction KW - GnRHa implant KW - induced spawning KW - sperm-to-egg ratio KW - artificial insemination ER - TY - JOUR TI - Does hook type influence the catch rate, size, and injury of grouper in a North Carolina commercial fishery? AU - Bacheler, NM AU - Buckel, JA T2 - FISHERIES RESEARCH AB - Members of the Epinephelinae subfamily of serranids (“grouper”) are heavily exploited by both recreational and commercial hook-and-line fishermen on the continental shelf of the southeastern United States. However, aspects of groupers’ biology and ecology render them extremely vulnerable to overexploitation, including slow growth, late reproduction, large size, and long life span. In addition to direct fishing mortality, hook and release mortalities likely occur when grouper are caught and released, due to injuries sustained from hooking as well as those associated with retrieval from deep waters. Here, we evaluated four hook sizes and styles (5/0 “J”, 7/0 “J”, 9/0 “J”, and 12/0 circle hooks) during the summer of 2003 by their ability to reduce catches of sublegal grouper and non-target species in Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA. A total of 1249 fish representing 33 species were landed during 20 days of commercial fishing activities. The most common grouper landed were red grouper Epinephelus morio (n = 459), gag grouper Mycteroperca microlepis (n = 55), and scamp grouper Mycteroperca phenax (n = 50). Overall, 6.8% of grouper landed were below the minimum size limit, and the proportion of sublegal grouper caught per day decreased with depth. Catch rates for small grouper (i.e., <50.8 cm fork length), non-target individuals, and sharks varied across hook treatments, while catch rates for large grouper (i.e., ≥50.8 cm fork length) did not. Circle hooks significantly reduced gut hooking in all groupers as well as non-target species. The proportion of grouper and non-target fish that bled varied across hooking locations, with more fish bleeding from gut and gill hooking than jaw hooking. Finally, the proportion of red and gag grouper with distended stomachs was positively related to the water depth in which the fish were caught. These results suggest a tradeoff between fishing in shallow water to reduce depth-related injuries to grouper and fishing in deeper water to minimize the catch of sublegal grouper. DA - 2004/10// PY - 2004/10// DO - 10.1016/j.fishres.2004.07.001 VL - 69 IS - 3 SP - 303-311 SN - 1872-6763 KW - serranidae KW - grouper KW - circle hook KW - stomach distention ER - TY - JOUR TI - Direct detection of bacterial pathogens in representative dairy products using a combined bacterial concentration-PCR approach AU - Stevens, KA AU - Jaykus, LA T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AB - To develop a simple, rapid method to concentrate and purify bacteria and their nucleic acids from complex dairy food matrices in preparation for direct pathogen detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Plain non-fat yogurt and cheddar cheese were each seeded with Listeria monocytogenes or Salmonella enterica serovar. Enteritidis in the range of 10(1)-10(6) CFU per 11-g sample. Samples were then processed for bacterial concentration using high-speed centrifugation (9700 g) followed by DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and amplicon confirmation by hybridization. Bacterial recoveries after centrifugation ranged from 53 to >100% and 71 to >100% for serovar. Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes, respectively, in the non-fat yogurt samples; and from 77 to >100% and 69 to >100% for serovar. Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes, respectively, in the cheddar cheese samples. There were no significant differences in recovery efficiency at different inocula levels, and losses to discarded supernatants were always <5%, regardless of dairy product or pathogen.When followed by pathogen detection using PCR and confirmation by amplicon hybridization, detection limits of 10(3) and 10(1) CFU per 11-g sample were achieved for L. monocytogenes and serovar. Enteritidis, respectively, in both product types and without prior cultural enrichment.This study represents progress toward the rapid and efficient direct detection of pathogens from complex food matrices at detection limits approaching those that might be anticipated in naturally contaminated products. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02393.x VL - 97 IS - 6 SP - 1115-1122 SN - 1365-2672 KW - PCR KW - bacterial concentration KW - pathogen detection Listeria KW - Salmonella ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bacterial separation and concentration from complex sample matrices: A review AU - Stevens, KA AU - Jaykus, LA T2 - CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY AB - The use of many rapid detection technologies could be expanded if the bacteria were separated, concentrated, and purified from the sample matrix before detection. Specific advantages of bacterial concentration might include facilitating the detection of multiple bacterial strains; removal of matrix-associated assay inhibitors; and provision of adequate sample size reduction to allow for the use of representative food sample sizes and/or small media volumes. Furthermore, bacterial concentration could aid in improving sampling techniques needed to detect low levels of pathogens or sporadic contamination, which may perhaps reduce or even eliminate the need for cultural enrichment prior to detection. Although bacterial concentration methods such as centrifugation, filtration, and immunomagnetic separation have been reported for food systems, none of these is ideal and in many cases a technique optimized for one food system or microorganism is not readily adaptable to others. Indeed, the separation and subsequent concentration of bacterial cells from a food sample during sample preparation continues to be a stumbling block in the advancement of molecular methods for the detection of foodborne pathogens. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed understanding of the science, possibilities, and limitations of separating and concentrating bacterial cells from the food matrix in an effort to further improve our ability to harness molecular methods for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1080/10408410490266410 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 7-24 SN - 1549-7828 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The sexual life cycles of Pfiesteria piscicida and cryptoperidiniopsoids (Dinophyceae) AU - Parrow, MW AU - Burkholder, JM T2 - JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY AB - Sexual life cycle events in Pfiesteria piscicida and cryptoperidiniopsoid heterotrophic dinoflagellates were determined by following the development of isolated gamete pairs in single‐drop microcultures with cryptophyte prey. Under these conditions, the observed sequence of zygote formation, development, and postzygotic divisions was similar in these dinoflagellates. Fusion of motile gamete pairs each produced a rapidly swimming uninucleate planozygote with two longitudinal flagella. Planozygotes enlarged as they fed repeatedly on cryptophytes. In <12 h in most cases, each planozygote formed a transparent‐walled nonmotile cell (cyst) with a single nucleus. Zygotic cysts did not exhibit dormancy under these conditions. In each taxon, dramatic swirling chromosome movements (nuclear cyclosis) were found in zygote nuclei before division. In P. piscicida , nuclear cyclosis occurred in the zygotic cyst or apparently earlier in the planozygote. In the cryptoperidiniopsoids, nuclear cyclosis occurred inthe zygotic cyst. After nuclear cyclosis, a single cell division occurred in P. piscicida and cryptoperidiniopsoid zygotic cysts, producing two offspring that emerged as biflagellated cells. These two flagellated cells typically swam for hours and fed on cryptophytes before encysting. A single cell division in these cysts produced two biflagellated offspring that also fed before encysting for further reproduction. This sequence of zygote development and postzygotic divisions typically was completed within 24 h and was confirmed in examples from different isolates of each taxon. Some aspects of the P. piscicida sexual life cycle determined here differed from previous reports. DA - 2004/8// PY - 2004/8// DO - 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2004.03202.x VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 664-673 SN - 1529-8817 KW - chromosomes KW - dinoflagellate KW - gametes KW - meiosis KW - nuclear cyclosis KW - planozygote KW - sexual reproduction ER - TY - JOUR TI - Molecular characterization and expression of vitellogenin receptor from white perch (Morone americana) AU - Hiramatsu, N AU - Chapman, RW AU - Lindzey, JK AU - Haynes, MR AU - Sullivan, CV T2 - BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION AB - A full-length (4021 base pair [bp]) cDNA encoding a polypeptide (844 amino acids) with a predicted mass of 93 kDa and other characteristic structural features of a vertebrate vitellogenin receptor (VgR) was isolated from a white perch (Morone americana) ovarian cDNA library. Northern blotting performed using a specific digoxygenin-labeled VgR cDNA probe revealed a distinct ∼4.1 kilobase (kb) hybridization signal in an mRNA preparation obtained from previtellogenic perch ovaries. The deduced amino acid sequence of the perch VgR was 89% and 82% identical, respectively, to that of the tilapia and rainbow trout. Because it possessed an eight-repeat ligand-binding domain (LR8) but lacked an O-linked sugar domain (−), the perch VgR was identified as a non-O-linked form of VgR (LR8−). Unlike the case in other vertebrates investigated, including tilapia and trout, no species of mRNA encoding an O-linked form of VgR (LR8+) could be detected when perch ovarian or liver mRNA reverse transcripts or cDNA libraries were screened by PCR using primer sets flanking the putative O-linked sugar domain. These novel findings call into question the assumptions that an LR8+ splice variant of the VgR always is dominantly present in somatic tissues and exists at lower levels in ovarian tissues to sequester lipoproteins distinct from Vg. A SYBR-green-based real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was developed and used to quantitatively measure VgR expression in gonadal and somatic tissues, for the first time in any vertebrate. The main site of perch VgR mRNA expression was the ovary and the highest level of VgR mRNA expression was in ovaries whose largest follicles contained previtellogenic oocytes. Expression of VgR mRNA decreased with oocyte growth during vitellogenesis and was very limited in ovulated eggs. These quantitative results verify the concept that growing oocytes must extensively recycle LR8− forms of the VgR. DA - 2004/6// PY - 2004/6// DO - 10.1095/biolreprod.103.023655 VL - 70 IS - 6 SP - 1720-1730 SN - 1529-7268 KW - estradiol KW - female reproductive tract KW - gamete biology KW - oocyte development KW - ovary ER - TY - JOUR TI - Induction of diploid gynogenesis in southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) with homologous and heterologous sperm AU - Luckenbach, JA AU - Godwin, J AU - Daniels, HV AU - Beasley, JM AU - Sullivan, CV AU - Borski, RJ T2 - AQUACULTURE AB - Effective methods for induction of diploid gynogenesis in North American flounder of the genus Paralichthys are needed to initiate monosex culture, which will allow growers to take advantage of the more rapid growth and larger size attained by females. To test methods for inducing diploid gynogenesis in southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) using homologous sperm, four treatments, named for their expected outcome, were employed: haploid, diploid, triploid, and gynogenetic diploid. Diploid gynogenesis was induced by activating egg development with UV-irradiated flounder sperm (70 J/cm2) for 3–4 min in seawater, and then subjecting the eggs to cold shock in 0–2 °C seawater for 45–50 min. Cold shock was used to prevent extrusion of the second polar body. Control treatments omitted one or more of these steps to separately assess the effectiveness of UV irradiation and cold shock. Larvae were observed for physical abnormalities and then histologically processed for ploidy determination. Haploid larvae exhibited abnormal external morphology while diploid, gynogenetic diploid, and triploid larvae showed normal morphologies. Cross-sectional areas of erythrocyte nuclei were measured for larvae in each treatment group and significant differences were found. Nuclear areas for treatment groups corresponded to predicted ploidy (triploid>diploid>haploid) and did not differ between normal diploid controls and gynogenetic diploids. These results suggest that the procedures of sperm irradiation and egg cold shock successfully generated gynogenetic diploids. Due to the low volumes of semen produced by male flounder, and to eliminate any potential genetic contribution by homologous sperm, activation of flounder eggs with heterologous sperm was also investigated. Induction of diploid gynogenesis was successful when flounder eggs were fertilized with irradiated (50 J/cm2) sperm from striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), and then cold shocked. This work provides procedures for induction of diploid gynogenesis in southern flounder using homologous and heterologous sperm, and validates a method for verification of ploidy in larval fish. DA - 2004/8/2/ PY - 2004/8/2/ DO - 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.05.005 VL - 237 IS - 1-4 SP - 499-516 SN - 1873-5622 KW - gynogenesis KW - Southern Flounder KW - ploidy KW - erythrocyte KW - sperm motility KW - striped mullet ER - TY - JOUR TI - In vitro prediction of canine urolith mineral composition using computed tomographic mean beam attenuation measurements AU - Pressler, Barrak M. AU - Mohammadian, Lenore A. AU - Li, Erning AU - Vaden, Shelly L. AU - Levine, Jay F. AU - Mathews, Kyle G. AU - Robertson, Ian D. T2 - Veterinary Radiology Ultrasound AB - Determination of urolith mineral composition is critical for management of urolithiasis in dogs and cats. Using computed tomography, urolith physical density, and hence chemical composition, can be quantified using mean beam attenuation measurements (Hounsfield units; HU). This study was designed to establish in vitro reference ranges for three types of compositionally pure uroliths retrieved from dogs. Sixty‐six canine uroliths (22 uric acid, 21 calcium oxalate, 14 struvite, nine mixed or compound) were placed in a phantom array. Uroliths were scanned at 120 kVp, 200 mA, and 80 kVp, 200 mA. The region of interest (ROI) for mean HU calculation was determined using two techniques, and reference ranges were calculated for each kVp using either ROI technique. HU for urolith types of pure composition were statistically different (Wilcoxon's two‐sample test, P <0.0083 [Bonferonni correction with six comparisons for total P <0.05]) using both ROI techniques at either kVp. Struvite uroliths were not statistically different from mixed or compound uroliths. The accuracy for determination of composition of pure uroliths ranged from 86% to 93%; the prediction accuracy for each urolith mineral type and for all uroliths in general was highest when the ROI was hand‐drawn just within the visible urolith border at 80 kVp. Technique of ROI determination and kVp that yielded the highest sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values varied for each urolith type. Therefore, in this study, HU could be used to differentiate three types of uroliths of pure mineral composition in vitro. Further studies are needed to determine the predictive value of HU in vivo. DA - 2004/5// PY - 2004/5// DO - 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04032.x VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 189-197 J2 - Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound LA - en OP - SN - 1058-8183 1740-8261 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04032.x DB - Crossref KW - beam attenuation KW - calcium oxalate KW - computed tomography KW - dog KW - Hounsfield units KW - struvite KW - uric acid KW - urolith ER - TY - JOUR TI - Epidemic clone I-specific genetic markers in strains of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b from foods AU - Yildirim, S AU - Lin, W AU - Hitchins, AD AU - Jaykus, LA AU - Altermann, E AU - Klaenhammer, TR AU - Kathariou, S T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat foods has been implicated in numerous outbreaks of food-borne listeriosis. However, the health hazards posed by L. monocytogenes detected in foods may vary, and speculations exist that strains actually implicated in illness may constitute only a fraction of those that contaminate foods. In this study, examination of 34 serogroup 4 (putative or confirmed serotype 4b) isolates of L. monocytogenes obtained from various foods and food-processing environments, without known implication in illness, revealed that many of these strains had methylation of cytosines at GATC sites in the genome, rendering their DNA resistant to digestion by the restriction endonuclease Sau3AI. These strains also harbored a gene cassette with putative restriction-modification system genes as well as other, genomically unlinked genetic markers characteristic of the major epidemic-associated lineage of L. monocytogenes (epidemic clone I), implicated in numerous outbreaks in Europe and North America. This may reflect a relatively high fitness of strains with these genetic markers in foods and food-related environments relative to other serotype 4b strains and may partially account for the repeated involvement of such strains in human food-borne listeriosis. DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4158-4164.2004 VL - 70 IS - 7 SP - 4158-4164 SN - 1098-5336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coupling ecology and economy: modeling optimal release scenarios for summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) stock enhancement AU - Kellison, G. T. AU - Eggleston, D. B. T2 - Fishery Bulletin (Washington, D.C.) DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 102 IS - 1 SP - 78-93 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chicken plasma protein: Proteinase inhibitory activity and its effect on surimi gel properties AU - Rawdkuen, S AU - Benjakul, S AU - Visessanguan, W AU - Lanier, TC T2 - FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL AB - The inhibitory activity of chicken plasma protein (CPP) at different concentrations on sarcoplasmic proteinases and autolysis of mince and washed mince of bigeye snapper and lizardfish was investigated. CPP (0–2% w/w) exhibited inhibitory activity toward sarcoplasmic proteinases and autolysis, especially when CPP concentration increased. Electrophoretic study revealed that CPP effectively prevented the degradation of myosin heavy chain (MHC) in mince and washed mince incubated at elevated temperature. The breaking force and deformation of modori gels from surimi of both fish species increased as CPP addition increased (P<0.05) with a concomitant decrease in TCA-soluble peptides. MHC was retained more in the presence of CPP, especially when the CPP concentration increased. However, whiteness decreased with increasing CPP concentrations. Microstructure of modori gels with 2% (w/w) CPP added had an ordered fibrillar structure, indicating a preventive effect on hydrolysis of myofibrillar protein. This was accompanied by an increase in surimi gel strength. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.1016/j.foodres.2003.09.014 VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 156-165 SN - 1873-7145 KW - chicken plasma KW - surimi KW - proteinase inhibitor KW - autolysis KW - myosin heavy chain KW - modori ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ra-226-in marine barite: relationship with carbonate dissolution and sediment focusing in the equatorial Pacific AU - Beek, P AU - Reyss, JL AU - DeMaster, D AU - Paterne, M T2 - DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS AB - Sedimentation rates were determined from the 226Ra (T1/2=1602a) decay in barite in seven cores collected from the western, central and eastern equatorial Pacific. Timing of the last carbonate dissolution increase was investigated with this new chronometer. However, an unconformity in the 226Ra-in-barite profiles was observed at some sites, which could be related to this carbonate dissolution event. We discuss different mechanisms that may have generated these unconformities, including (1) bioturbation, (2) possible bias in the estimate of the correction for supported 226Ra activities, (3) changes in the 226Ra/Ba ratio within surface waters and (4) processes that may have affected the 226Ra/Ba ratio recorded in barite, either within the water column or at the sediment–water interface. Among the processes invoked, an increase in the sediment focusing during the Holocene constitutes the mechanism that can most likely explain the observed unconformities. An increase in the sediment redistribution by bottom currents would enhance the lateral transport of old resuspended barite crystals (with a low 226Ra/Ba ratio). The 226Ra/Ba ratio of barite that accumulates in the sediments, therefore, may have decreased, leading to the unconventional 226Ra-profile shape observed in several cores. A change in the chemistry of the bottom waters that transport the resuspended sediment may have also affected the sediment carbonate contents. DA - 2004/2// PY - 2004/2// DO - 10.1016/j.dsr.2003.10.007 VL - 51 IS - 2 SP - 235-261 SN - 0967-0637 KW - marine sediments KW - barite KW - radium KW - sedimentation rates KW - Holocene KW - equatorial Pacific ER - TY - JOUR TI - Foraging ecology of the early life stages of four sympatric shark species AU - Bethea, DM AU - Buckel, JA AU - Carlson, JK T2 - MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 268:245-264 (2004) - doi:10.3354/meps268245 Foraging ecology of the early life stages of four sympatric shark species Dana M. Bethea1,3,*, Jeffrey A. Buckel1, John K. Carlson2 1Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA 2Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Panama City Laboratory, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City Beach, Florida 32408, USA 3Present address: Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Panama City Laboratory, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City Beach, Florida 32408, USA *Email: dana.bethea@noaa.gov ABSTRACT: Sharks may have an important role in marine ecosystems in relation to populations of fish and invertebrates at lower trophic levels. Fishery management plans stress the need for an ecosystem approach, but few quantitative studies on the foraging ecology of sharks have been published. Stomach contents and catch data of early life stages of Atlantic sharpnose Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, blacktip Carcharhinus limbatus, finetooth Carcharhinus isodon, and spinner sharks Carcharhinus brevipinna taken from fishery independent surveys in Apalachicola Bay, Florida, USA, were examined to test for overlap in resource use. Young-of-the-year Atlantic sharpnose sharks were found to feed mainly on shrimp, juveniles on sciaenids, and adults on clupeids. Young-of-the-year blacktip sharks were found to feed mainly on sciaenids, whereas juveniles fed on clupeids. The primary prey of young-of-the-year and juvenile finetooth and spinner sharks was clupeids. Eight of 10 prey size-selectivity tests showed neutral selection. Compared to relative prey sizes published for teleost piscivores, Atlantic sharpnose and finetooth sharks consume relatively small-sized prey while blacktip sharks consume relatively large prey. Regardless of maturity state and species, diet overlap was high for species-life stage combinations that are similar in size; however, species-life stages did not show significant habitat overlap. Prey categories shared by similar-sized species may not be limiting, although shark species may have alleviated competition pressure by partitioning the resource of time or space. KEY WORDS: Foraging ecology · Resource partitioning · Competition · Prey size-predator size relationships · Apalachicola Bay · Rhizoprionodon terraenovae · Carcharhinus limbatus · Carcharhinus isodon · Carcharhinus brevipinna Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 268. Online publication date: March 09, 2004 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2004 Inter-Research. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// DO - 10.3354/meps268245 VL - 268 SP - 245-264 SN - 0171-8630 KW - foraging ecology KW - resource partitioning KW - competition KW - prey size-predator size relationships KW - Apalachicola Bay KW - Rhizoprionodon terraenovae KW - Carcharbinus limbatus KW - Carcharhinus isodon KW - Carcharhinus brevipinna ER - TY - JOUR TI - Combining telemetry and fisheries tagging models to estimate fishing and natural mortality rates AU - Pollock, KH AU - Jiang, HH AU - Hightower, JE T2 - TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY AB - Abstract The traditional multiple‐year tag return method is a fundamental approach to estimating fishing and natural mortality rates in fisheries. It can provide reliable and precise estimation of the parameters when the tag reporting rate, λ, is known. However, it is often difficult to estimate λ accurately. An additional disadvantage is that this method has to estimate natural mortality indirectly because natural deaths are not observable. Recently, fisheries biologists have begun to implement telemetry methods to estimate fishing and natural mortality. The advantage of a telemetry method is that it contains direct information about natural mortality and survival. A shortcoming is that there is no direct information on fishing deaths. In this paper, we combine the two methods, using direct information about both fishing and natural mortality to obtain more precise and effectively unbiased parameter estimates, including reporting rate estimates for the regular tags. Using simulation when the telemetry tag relocation probability equals 1, we found that the relative standard error (RSE) of natural mortality estimates in the combination method is much improved relative to those of the tag return and telemetry methods. Annual fishing mortality estimates can also be estimated precisely. As expected, as the relocation probability of telemetry tags decreases the RSE of natural mortality and the other parameter estimates increases, but only slightly. Studies clearly should have relocation probabilities that are as high as possible. The tag reporting rate estimates are typically precisely estimated in the combined model. This is very important, as the tag reporting rate is not easy to estimate with other methods. DA - 2004/5// PY - 2004/5// DO - 10.1577/T03-029.1 VL - 133 IS - 3 SP - 639-648 SN - 1548-8659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A coupled regional climate model for the Lake Victoria basin of East Africa AU - Song, Y AU - Semazzi, FHM AU - Xie, L AU - Ogallo, LJ T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY AB - Abstract A nested coupled model has been developed to investigate the two‐way interactions between the regional climate of eastern Africa and Lake Victoria. The atmospheric component of the model is the North Carolina State University (NCSU) version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) regional climate model (NCSU‐RegCM2). The lake component of the model is based on the Princeton ocean model (POM). Three simulations, each 4 months long, have been performed for the short rains of eastern Africa of September through to December. The control experiment is based on the standard NCSU‐RegCM2 model coupled to a one‐dimensional model of Lake Victoria. The second experiment was based on the stand‐alone three‐dimensional primitive equation POM–Lake Victoria model forced by output from the atmospheric component of the control run. The third experiment is based on the integration of the coupled system of the NCSU‐RegCM2 model where the one‐dimensional lake model in the control run has been replaced by the three‐dimensional POM hydrodynamical model for Lake Victoria. The results confirm that adopting the traditional modelling approach, in which the lake hydrodynamics are neglected and the formulation is based entirely on thermodynamics alone, is not entirely satisfactory for the Lake Victoria basin. Such a strategy precludes the transport of heat realistically within the lake, from the heat surplus regions to the cooler regions, and thereby results in a degraded simulation of the climate downstream over the rest of the lake and the surrounding land regions. The numerical simulations show that the southwestern region of the lake is an important source of warm water because it is relatively shallower and the water column is heated up much more quickly during the day than the rest of the lake. The result is that the surface temperature anomaly field from the all‐lake area average consists of a gradient pattern with warmer water over the shallow region of the lake over the southeastern sector and a colder pool of water over the northeastern region, where the lake is relatively deeper. This pattern is also reproduced by the one‐dimensional lake model. Some of the excess heat over the southeastern region is transported to the colder and deeper region over the northeastern part of the lake by prevailing surface wind flow. Through the lake–atmosphere coupling, the resulting asymmetric lake‐surface temperature distribution modifies the overlying wind circulation, which in turn reduces the cloud cover and rainfall. This secondary feature in the surface temperature structure cannot be generated by the traditional nested climate models, such as the standard version of the NCAR‐RegCM2 model, since the simple static lake model formulation is not capable of supporting horizontal mixing of water. Comparisons show that this feature is weaker in the RegCM2‐POM coupled model than the corresponding pattern that we obtained in our previous study based on the ‘stand‐alone’ POM lake model. In contrast, from the simple classical text‐book theoretical model of the lake–land breeze phenomena, the simulated surface wind circulation and rainfall distribution are highly asymmetric across the lake. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society DA - 2004/1// PY - 2004/1// DO - 10.1002/joc.983 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 57-75 SN - 1097-0088 KW - Lake Victoria KW - regional climate modelling KW - eastern Africa KW - climate variability KW - RegCM2 KW - POM ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organochlorine contaminants in sea turtles: Correlations between whole blood and fat AU - Keller, JM AU - Kucklick, , JR AU - Harms, CA AU - McClellan-Green, PD T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY AB - Monitoring toxic organochlorine (OC) compounds is an important aspect in wildlife studies, especially in protected species such as sea turtles. The goal of this study was to determine whether blood OC concentrations can predict those in adipose tissue of sea turtles. Blood offers many benefits for monitoring OCs. It can be collected nondestructively from live turtles and can be sampled repeatedly for continuous monitoring. Organochlorine concentrations in blood may better represent the exposure levels of target tissues, but blood concentrations may fluctuate more than those in fatty tissues following recent dietary exposure or lipid mobilization. Paired fat and blood samples were collected from 44 live, juvenile loggerhead sea turtles and 10 juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtle carcasses. Organochlorines were analyzed using gas chromatography with electron capture detection and mass spectrometry. Lipid-normalized OC concentrations measured in the blood significantly correlated to levels found in the fat samples of both species. This result suggests that sea turtle blood is a suitable alternative to fatty tissues for measuring OCs because blood concentrations reasonably represent those observed in the paired fat samples. However, blood OC concentrations calculated on a wet-mass basis were significantly and inversely correlated to lipid content in the fat samples. Therefore, caution should be used when monitoring spatial or temporal trends, as OC levels may increase in the blood following mobilization of fat stores, such as during long migrations, breeding, or disease events. DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// DO - 10.1897/03-254 VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 726-738 SN - 0730-7268 KW - loggerhead KW - Kemp's ridley KW - organochlorine KW - blood KW - fat ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organochlorine contaminants in loggerhead sea turtle blood: Extraction techniques and distribution among plasma and red blood cells AU - Keller, J. M. AU - Kucklick, J. R. AU - McClellan-Green, P. D. T2 - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (Online) DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 254-264 ER - TY - PAT TI - Method and system for conservative evaluation, validation and monitoring of thermal processing AU - Simunovic, J. AU - Swartzel, K. R. AU - Adles, E. C2 - 2004/// DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Endogenous swimming rhythms of juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, as related to horizontal transport AU - Forward, RB AU - Reyns, NB AU - Diaz, H AU - Cohen, JH AU - Eggleston, DB T2 - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY AB - The blue crab Callinectes sapidus settles and metamorphoses in areas of aquatic vegetation in estuaries. Crabs in the first–fifth instar stages (J1–5) then emigrate from these areas by walking on the bottom or pelagic dispersal throughout estuaries. The present study was designed to characterize the timing of this migration pattern relative to the light–dark and tidal cycles. Field sampling in Pamlico Sound, NC, USA indicated that J4–5 juveniles were most abundant in the water column during the night. J4–5 juveniles were collected from Pamlico Sound in an area near Oregon Inlet that has semi-diurnal tides, a Mid-Sound area where tides are weak, and on the West side where regular tides do not occur. Crabs from all three sites had a circadian rhythm in which they swam up in the water column during the time of darkness in the field. Peak swimming consistently occurred at about 0300 h, but was not related to the timing of the tidal cycle. Similar results were obtained for juvenile crabs from an adjacent estuary having semi-diurnal tides. Dispersal at night reduces predation by visual predators, and allows early juvenile blue crabs to disperse planktonically from initial settlement sites. DA - 2004/2/10/ PY - 2004/2/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.jembe.2003.09.002 VL - 299 IS - 1 SP - 63-76 SN - 1879-1697 KW - blue crab KW - Callinectes sapidus KW - juvenile KW - circadian rhythm KW - horizontal transport KW - secondary dispersal ER - TY - JOUR TI - Time and financial costs of programs for live trapping feral cats AU - Nutter, Felicia B. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. AU - Levine, Jay F. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AB - To determine the time and financial costs of programs for live trapping feral cats and determine whether allowing cats to become acclimated to the traps improved trapping effectiveness.Prospective cohort study.107 feral cats in 9 colonies.15 traps were set at each colony for 5 consecutive nights, and 5 traps were then set per night until trapping was complete. In 4 colonies, traps were immediately baited and set; in the remaining 5 colonies, traps were left open and cats were fed in the traps for 3 days prior to the initiation of trapping. Costs for bait and labor were calculated, and trapping effort and efficiency were assessed.Mean +/- SD overall trapping effort (ie, number of trap-nights until at least 90% of the cats in the colony had been captured or until no more than 1 cat remained untrapped) was 8.9 +/- 3.9 trap-nights per cat captured. Mean overall trapping efficiency (ie, percentage of cats captured per colony) was 98.0 +/- 4.0%. There were no significant differences in trapping effort or efficiency between colonies that were provided an acclimation period and colonies that were not. Overall trapping costs were significantly higher for colonies provided an acclimation period.Results suggest that these live-trapping protocols were effective. Feeding cats their regular diets in the traps for 3 days prior to the initiation of trapping did not have a significant effect on trapping effort or efficiency in the present study but was associated with significant increases in trapping costs. DA - 2004/11// PY - 2004/11// DO - 10.2460/javma.2004.225.1403 VL - 225 IS - 9 SP - 1403-1405 J2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association LA - en OP - SN - 0003-1488 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2004.225.1403 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmentally-controlled, density-dependent secondary dispersal in a local estuarine crab population AU - Reyns, NB AU - Eggleston, DB T2 - OECOLOGIA DA - 2004/7// PY - 2004/7// DO - 10.1007/s00442-004-1581-8 VL - 140 IS - 2 SP - 280-288 SN - 0029-8549 KW - blue crab KW - density-dependence KW - environmental cues KW - post-settlement emigration ER - TY - BOOK TI - Open source GIS: A GRASS GIS approach AU - Neteler, M. AU - Mitasova, H. CN - G70.212 .N47 2004 DA - 2004/// PY - 2004/// PB - Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers SN - 1402080646 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the linear parameterization of drag coefficient over sea surface AU - Guan, CL AU - Xie, L T2 - JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY AB - Abstract Combining the logarithmic law with the Charnock relation yields a drag coefficient that is a function of wind speed with the Charnock coefficient as a parameter. It is found that the function is nearly linear within the typically measured range of the drag coefficient. The slope of the linear function is dominated by the Charnock coefficient. When the Charnock relation is extended to a wave age–dependent function, the drag coefficient remains a near-linear function of wind speed after invoking the 3/2 power law. The slope of the linear function is dominated by wave steepness. DA - 2004/12// PY - 2004/12// DO - 10.1175/JPO2664.1 VL - 34 IS - 12 SP - 2847-2851 SN - 1520-0485 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chicken plasma protein affects gelation of surimi from bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus) AU - Rawdkuen, S AU - Benjakul, S AU - Visessanguan, W AU - Lanier, TC T2 - FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS AB - Effect of chicken plasma protein (CPP) at different concentrations on gel properties of grade SA and A bigeye snapper surimi was investigated. Addition of 0.5% CPP in combination with setting at 40 °C for 30 min prior to heating at 90 °C for 20 min resulted in the highest breaking force and deformation (P<0.05). However, whiteness decreased to some extent. CPP was able to prevent the degradation of surimi proteins as indicated by the decrease in TCA-soluble peptides (P<0.05). Electrophoretic studies revealed that myosin heavy chain underwent polymerization to a lower extent as CPP concentration increased. Therefore, CPP worked as protease inhibitor rather than protein cross-linker. Microstructure of kamaboko gels, added with 0.5% CPP, had less linkage between protein strands with a coarser fibrillar structure, indicating the interfering effect of CPP on cross-linking of myofibrillar proteins. Thus, at an appropriate amount, CPP possibly worked as a filler in the surimi gel matrix, resulting in gel strengthening. DA - 2004/3// PY - 2004/3// DO - 10.1016/S0268-005X(03)00082-1 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 259-270 SN - 1873-7137 KW - chicken plasma KW - surimi KW - gelation KW - bigeye snapper ER -