TY - JOUR TI - Variational data assimilative modeling of the Gulf of Maine in spring and summer 2010 AU - Li, Yizhen AU - He, Ruoying AU - Chen, Ke AU - McGillicuddy, Dennis J T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 120 IS - 5 SP - 3522-3541 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MINISTRY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE RESOURCES LIBRARY: ITS DEVELOPMENT, IMPORTANCE, POTENTIAL, STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES AND CHALLENGES AU - Kapule, Ataban DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ER - TY - CONF TI - Observation and regional model based Gulf Stream marine hydrokinetic energy resource estimates for North Carolina AU - Muglia, Mike AU - He, Ruoying AU - Lowcher, Caroline AU - Bane, John AU - Taylor, Patterson AU - Edge, Billy AB - North Carolina and Florida are likely the only two states on the US east coast that have practical access to energy extraction from the Gulf Stream. After leaving the Florida Straits, the Gulf Stream in the region offshore of Cape Hatteras, NC exhibits the least variability in position of any location on the east coast, while simultaneously being closest to land. Gulf Stream current speeds exceed 2 m/s. These important characteristics have made this area the focus of observations and regional model estimates to quantify the hydrokinetic energy that may be available from the Gulf Stream for the state of North Carolina. Three types of observations to quantify the energy resource off NC began in 2013. A 150 kHz Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was moored on the 225-m isobath at the location estimated to be best for energy extraction, and recovered after two consecutive nine- and ten-month deployments, respectively. Another ADCP was moored in nearly the same location to continue observations, and will be retrieved in August 2015. Currents from the first deployment averaged 1.15 m/s, and the power density was 779 W/m 2 at a depth of 30m over the 9-month duration. Significant variability in current speed, and thus power, occurred over the deployment period. Additionally, current measurements from a vessel mounted 300 kHz ADCP were made from water depths of 100m to 1000 m on a cross-isobath transect that passed over the location of the ADCP mooring. Currents measured from the vessel compare favorably with those from the moored 150 kHz ADCP in both magnitude and direction, and provide valuable information about the spatial variability of the current and its dependence on depth. In 2013, a coastal ocean radar (Codar) was added to an existing radar network that had been measuring ocean surface currents for more than a decade in the region to expand coverage over the entire study area. The radar current measurements provide consistent spatial and temporal coverage throughout the Gulf Stream cyclonic shear zone, and are being used to measure the variability in Gulf Stream position off of Cape Hatteras, NC. One method being developed using measurements from individual radars assumes the landward Gulf Stream front lies along selected maxima in the radial current shears chosen for consistency over the time period sampled, and magnitude. The locations where the Gulf Stream first enters and exits the radar coverage area are apparent in the large radial speeds measured by the radar, and the width and variability of the Gulf Stream cyclonic shear zone is estimated using maxima in velocity and velocity shears. Favorable comparisons between the three current observations will provide confidence that power estimates can be extrapolated from the radar surface currents alone over long time periods when ADCP information may not be available. Finally, observations are being compared with a regional specific Mid-Atlantic Bight and South Atlantic Bight (MABSAB) Model. Moored ADCP current measurements compared favorably with the model, demonstrating the skill of the model for power estimates in this area. Averaged current measurements 30 m below the surface from the ADCP mooring made between August 2013-April 2014 and model estimates at the same location were nearly identical, both having average current speeds of 1.15 m/s. The model is more conservative than the observations with respect to higher frequency fluctuations in speed and direction. C2 - 2015/5// C3 - OCEANS 2015 - Genova DA - 2015/5// DO - 10.1109/oceans-genova.2015.7271441 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CONF TI - Observation and regional model based Gulf Stream marine hydrokinetic energy resource estimates for North Carolina AU - Muglia, Mike AU - Lowcher, Caroline AU - Taylor, Patterson AU - He, Ruoying AU - Seim, Harvey AU - Bane, John AU - Edge, Billy AB - North Carolina and Florida are likely the only two states on the US east coast that have practical access to energy extraction from the Gulf Stream. After leaving the Florida Straits, the Gulf Stream in the region offshore of Cape Hatteras, NC exhibits the least variability in position of any location on the east coast, while simultaneously being closest to land. Gulf Stream current speeds exceed 2 m/s. These important characteristics have made this area the focus of observations and regional model estimates to quantify the hydrokinetic energy that may be available from the Gulf Stream for the state of North Carolina. Three types of observations to quantify the energy resource off NC began in 2013. A 150 kHz Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was moored on the 225 isobath at the location estimated to be best for energy extraction, and recovered after two consecutive nineand ten-month deployments, respectively. Another ADCP was moored in nearly the same location to continue observations, and will be retrieved in August 2015. Currents from the first deployment averaged 1.15 m/s, and the power density was 779 W/m2 at a depth of 30m over the 9-month duration. Significant variability in current speed, and thus power, occurred over the deployment period. Additionally, current measurements from a vessel mounted 300 kHz ADCP were made from water depths of 100m to 1000 m on a crossisobath transect that passed over the location of the ADCP mooring. Currents measured from the vessel compare favorably with those from the moored 150 kHz ADCP in both magnitude and direction, and provide valuable information about the spatial variability of the current and its dependence on depth. In 2013, a coastal ocean radar (Codar) was added to an existing radar network that had been measuring ocean surface currents for more than a decade in the region to expand coverage over the entire study area. The radar current measurements provide consistent spatial and temporal coverage throughout the Gulf Stream cyclonic shear zone, and are being used to measure the variability in Gulf Stream position off of Cape Hatteras, NC. One method being developed using measurements from individual radars assumes the landward Gulf Stream front lies along selected maxima in the radial current shears chosen for consistency over the time period sampled, and magnitude. The locations where the Gulf Stream first enters and exits the radar coverage area are apparent in the large radial speeds measured by the radar, and the width and variability of the Gulf Stream cyclonic shear zone is estimated using maxima in velocity and velocity shears. Favorable comparisons between the three current observations will provide confidence that power estimates can be extrapolated from the radar surface currents alone over long time periods when ADCP information may not be available. Finally, observations are being compared with a regional specific Mid-Atlantic Bight and South Atlantic Bight (MABSAB) Model. Moored ADCP current measurements compared favorably with the model, demonstrating the skill of the model for power estimates in this area. Averaged current measurements 30 m below the surface from the ADCP mooring made between August 2013 - April 2014 and model estimates at the same location were nearly identical, both having average current speeds of 1.15 m/s. The model is more conservative than the observations with respect to higher frequency fluctuations in speed and direction. C2 - 2015/10// C3 - OCEANS 2015 - MTS/IEEE Washington DA - 2015/10// DO - 10.23919/oceans.2015.7404508 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CONF TI - Gulf Stream marine hydrokinetic energy resource characterization off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina AU - Muglia, M AU - He, R AU - Lowcher, C AU - Bane, J AU - Gong, Y AU - Taylor, P C2 - 2015/// C3 - AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts DA - 2015/// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate extremes dominating seasonal and interannual variations in carbon export from the Mississippi River Basin AU - Tian, Hanqin AU - Ren, Wei AU - Yang, Jia AU - Tao, Bo AU - Cai, Wei-Jun AU - Lohrenz, Steven E AU - Hopkinson, Charles S AU - Liu, Mingliang AU - Yang, Qichun AU - Lu, Chaoqun AU - others T2 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 29 IS - 9 SP - 1333-1347 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Geologic Map of the Upper Burnt River Canyon, Baker County, Oregon AU - Morriss, M.C. AU - Vezie, C. AU - Wegmann, K. A3 - North Carolina State University DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// M3 - Unpublished Maps and Report for NCGMP EDMAP Program, 3 plates, 1:24,000 scale PB - North Carolina State University UR - https://go.ncsu.edu/burnt-river-corridor-geo-project. ER - TY - RPRT TI - Late Pleistocene to Modern Geomorphic and Biotic History of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Friends of the Pleistocene AU - Thackray, G. AU - Gavin, D. AU - Ritchie, A. AU - Wegmann, K. AU - Ashworth, A. AU - Ely, L. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// UR - http://www.fop.cascadiageo.org/pacific_northwest_cell/2015/FOP_PNW_2015_Olympic_field_guide.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Tangible modeling with open source GIS AU - Petrasova, A. AU - Petras, V. AU - Harmon, B. AU - Mitasova, H. AB - This book presents a new type of modeling environment where users interact with geospatial simulations using 3D physical models of studied landscapes. Multiple users can alter the physical model by ha DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-25775-4 SE - 1-135 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85012134759&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - RPRT TI - Investigation of Factors Contributing to the Decline in the Nutritional Health of Alasmidonta raveneliana in the Little Tennessee River, Franklin, NC AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Salger, S. AU - Borst, L. AU - Law, M. AU - Eads, C. AU - Dykstra, C. AU - Osburn, C. AU - Gangloff, M. AU - Sumner, S. AU - Saul, B. A3 - NCDOT DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// M3 - Technical report PB - NCDOT ER - TY - CONF TI - Water Temperature and Reproduction in the Endangered Tar Spinymussel (Elliptio steinstansana) AU - Eads, C.B. AU - Hoch, R.A. AU - Nichols, R.B. AU - Pandolfo, T. AU - Levine, J.F. T2 - Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society C2 - 2015/3// CY - St. Charles, Missouri DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// ER - TY - CONF TI - Metagenomic profiles of water, sediment, and Appalachian Elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) and Wavy-rayed Lampmussel (Lampsilis fasciola) gut contents in the Little Tennessee and Tuckasegee Rivers AU - Salger, S.A. AU - Levine, J.F. AU - Ellis, C. AU - Fraley, S. AU - Gangloff, M. AU - Law, M. AU - Borst, L. AU - Osburn, C. T2 - Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society C2 - 2015/3// CY - St. Charles, Missouri DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// ER - TY - CONF TI - Metabonomic study of the Appalachian Elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana) and Wavy-Rayed Lampmussel (Lampsilis fasciola) in the Little Tennessee and Tuckasegee Rivers AU - Salger, S.A. AU - Dhungana, S. AU - Fraley, S. AU - Gangloff, M. AU - Law, M. AU - Sumner, S. AU - Levine, J.F. T2 - Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, C2 - 2015/3// CY - St. Charles, Missouri DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// ER - TY - SOUND TI - The Effects of the Presence of Fish in the Rearing of Juvenile Freshwater Mussels AU - Richards, M. AU - Eads, C. AU - Levine, JF DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fish Hosts of Four Freshwater Mussel Species in the Broad River, South Carolina AU - Eads, Chris B. AU - Price, Jennifer E. AU - Levine, Jay F. T2 - Southeastern Naturalist AB - Freshwater mussel distributions are heavily reliant upon the range and movement of host fishes and are subject to range restrictions when fish migration is blocked. The Columbia Dam on the Broad River in Columbia, SC, has been a barrier to the migration of anadromous species and other fish in the river since 1824. As a result, 5 freshwater mussel species are restricted to reaches of the river downstream of the dam. In 2006, a fish passage was created to facilitate fish movement between stream reaches above and below the dam. Fish hosts that use the passage could facilitate the recolonization of reaches above the dam by freshwater mussels. We conducted laboratory trials to determine the fish hosts of 4 of the species limited to reaches below the dam. The most suitable hosts for Lampsilis cariosa (Yellow Lampmussel) were Morone chrysops (White Bass), Morone saxatilis (Striped Bass), and Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Black Crappie), whereas Micropterus salmoides (Largemouth Bass) and Micropterus dolomieu (Smallmouth Bass) transformed fewer juvenile mussels. Lampsilis siliquoidea (Fatmucket) hosts were Largemouth Bass and Perca flavescens (Yellow Perch). Yellow Perch, Largemouth Bass, Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill), and Lepomis gibossus (Pumpkinseed) were the best hosts for Ligumia nasuta (Eastern Pondmussel). We suspected that Elliptio roanokensis (Roanoke Slabshell) used anadromous fishes as hosts because its distribution is limited to mainstem rivers below the downstreammost dam. We confirmed that 2 Clupeidae, Dorosoma cepedianum (Gizzard Shad) and Alosa aestivalis (Blueback Herring), and 1 Moronidae, Morone americana (White Perch), are hosts for Roanoke Slabshell. Many of the host-fish species identified in this study are highly mobile, and we expect the range of these mussels to eventually expand upstream of the Columbia Dam as fish make use of the new passage. DA - 2015/1// PY - 2015/1// DO - 10.1656/058.014.0120 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 85-97 J2 - Southeastern Naturalist LA - en OP - SN - 1528-7092 1938-5412 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/058.014.0120 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tissue extraction methods for metabolic profiling of a freshwater bivalve, Elliptio complanata AU - Hurley-Sanders, J.L. AU - Stoskopf, M. AU - Nelson, S.A.C. AU - Showers, W. AU - Law, J.M. AU - Gracz, H.S. AU - Levine, J.F. T2 - American Malacological Bulletin AB - Much is still unknown about why freshwater mussels (Unionidae) are particularly sensitive to environmental change. A better understanding of freshwater mussel metabolism is needed, and the field of environmental metabolomics holds the promise to inform these questions. A number of protocols exist for the extraction of metabolites for identification from animal tissues. As a first step in the application of environmental metabolomics to the study of freshwater mussels, we compared extraction protocols using an inorganic oxidizing acid (perchloric acid), an organic nitrile (acetonitrile), and a salt/water solution (Ringer's solution) to establish an uncomplicated, robust, repeatable and inexpensive tissue extraction protocol for freshwater mussel tissue. Perchloric acid resulted in notable extraction of energy-related nucleotides (AMP/ADP/ATP), yet had the lowest peak count of the three extraction methods and showed poor repeatability. Acetonitrile and Ringer's solution yielded metabolite extraction results similar to each other with Ringer's solution having the greatest number of peaks particularly in the 3.0–4.5 ppm sugar/amino acid range. Ringer's solution is simple to use, safe and consistent and bears consideration when selecting an extraction protocol for 1H nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.4003/006.033.0209 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 185-194 KW - freshwater bivalve KW - metabolomics KW - NMR KW - nuclear magnetic resonance KW - Ringer's solution ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Egiin Davaa prehistoric rupture, central Mongolia: a large magnitude normal faulting earthquake on a reactivated fault with little cumulative slip located in a slowly deforming intraplate setting AU - Walker, R. T. AU - Wegmann, Karl AU - Bayasgalan, A. AU - Carson, R. J. AU - Elliott, J. AU - Fox, M. AU - Nissen, E. AU - Sloan, R. A. AU - Williams, J. M. AU - Wright, E. T2 - Geological Society, London, Special Publications AB - The prehistoric Egiin Davaa earthquake rupture is well-preserved in late Quaternary deposits within the Hangay Mountains of central Mongolia. The rupture is expressed by a semicontinuous 80 km-long topographic scarp. Geomorphological reconstructions reveal a relatively constant scarp height of 4-4.5 m and a NW-directed slip vector. Previous researchers have suggested that the scarp's exceptional geomorphological preservation indicates that it may correspond to an earthquake that occurred in the region c. 500 years ago. However, we constrain the last rupture to have been at least 4 ka ago from morphological dating and < 7.4 ka ago based on radiocarbon dating from one of two palaeoseismic trenches. Our study shows that discrete earthquake ruptures, along with details such as the locations of partially infilled fissures, can be preserved for periods well in excess of 1000 years in the interior of Asia, providing an archive of fault movements that can be directly read from the Earth's surface over a timescale appropriate for the study of slowly deforming continental interiors. The Egiin Davaa rupture involved c. 8 m of slip which, along with the observations that it is largely unsegmented along its length and that the ratio of cumulative slip (c. 250 m) to fault length (c. 80 km) is small, suggests relatively recent reactivation of a pre-existing geological structure. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1144/SP432.4 VL - 432 SP - 187–212 UR - http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/early/2015/11/17/SP432.4.abstract ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploring the origins of modern topographic relief in the southern Appalachians: An excursion through the transient landscape of the Cullasaja River basin, North Carolina AU - Gallen, Sean F. AU - Wegmann, Karl W. T2 - Field Guides AB - This volume includes nine field trip guides that explore geological history and visit four regional geologic provinces—Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, Cumberland Plateau, and the Nashville dome. Two guides focus on the Cumberland Plateau structure and hydrology. Two explore aspects of the Nashville dome, including Mississippian Waulsortian mounds and meso-scale structural deformation. Various aspects of the Valley and Ridge are visited on three trips, including the 1925 Scopes trial in Dayton, Tennessee, structural aspects of the Sequatchie Valley, and regional Silurian Red Mountain/Rockwood stratigraphy. Two field trips explore features of the Blue Ridge province—one investigates southernmost Appalachian exposures of metamorphosed lower Paleozoic rock, and another focuses on the Appalachian geomorphological response to uplift during the late Cenozoic. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1130/2015.0039(05) VL - 39 SP - 145-167 UR - http://fieldguides.gsapubs.org/content/39/145.abstract ER - TY - JOUR TI - Communicating Nuclear Power: A Programmatic Review AU - Kinsella, William J. AU - Andreas, Dorothy Collins AU - Endres, Danielle T2 - Annals of the International Communication Association AB - Civil and commercial nuclear power production is a material and discursive phenomenon posing theoretical and practical questions warranting further attention by communication scholars. We provide a brief discursive history of nuclear power, followed by a review of scholarship in communication and related disciplines. We then examine five areas for further research: (a) the fragmentation of technocratic and public discourses; (b) regulation and governance; (c) the politics of nuclear waste; (d) critical social movements; and (e) intersections of communication, rhetoric, and nuclear risk. We provide a rationale and foundation for further work in these and other areas related to nuclear power. DA - 2015/1// PY - 2015/1// DO - 10.1080/23808985.2015.11679178 VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 277-309 J2 - Annals of the International Communication Association LA - en OP - SN - 2380-8985 2380-8977 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2015.11679178 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Geospatial analytics for federally managed tourism destinations and their demand markets AU - Supak, Stacy AU - Brothers, Gene AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne AU - Devine, Hugh T2 - Journal of Destination Marketing & Management AB - Understanding geospatial demand for destinations can improve management decisions affecting destination planning, marketing, natural preservation, and resident as well as visitor experiences. Visualization and analysis of demand markets are significantly enhanced by the capabilities of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and help to support management objectives. This study implements traditional desktop GIS as well as a free, web-delivered decision-support tool for tourism planning and marketing to assess ~7.5 million overnight accommodation reservations made for federal recreational facilities between 1999 and 2007. Visitor origin frequency and median travel distance for overnight accommodations are summarized by visitor zip code and by facility. National results indicate: (1) facilities in the west, the Great Lakes and the southern Appalachians regions draw overnight visitors from the greatest median distances; (2) residents in the Northeast have the lowest per-capita utilization; (3) residents within the south-central Midwest and central-west Southern States have the highest percapita utilization and tend strongly toward local overnight reservations. Three selected national park regions are used to illustrate destinations characterized by highly localized utilization (Hot Springs National Park, AR), both local and regional utilization (Yosemite National Park, CA) and regionally to nationally dispersed utilization with few local residents reserving overnight accommodations (Canyonlands National Park, UT). Market profiling derived from local, regional and national customer origin markets can help any tourism destination, including national parks and their gateway communities, make smarter management and marketing decisions. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015/10// DO - 10.1016/J.JDMM.2015.05.002 VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 173-186 J2 - Journal of Destination Marketing & Management LA - en OP - SN - 2212-571X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JDMM.2015.05.002 DB - Crossref KW - Geospatial supply and demand KW - National parks and gateway communities KW - Big data analytics KW - Destination marketing KW - GIS KW - Open source ER - TY - CHAP TI - Fluorescence EEMs and PARAFAC Techniques in the Analysis of Petroleum Components in the Water Column AU - Zhou, Zhengzhen AU - Guo, Laodong AU - Osburn, Christopher L. T2 - Springer Protocols Handbooks AB - Fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) techniques coupled with parallel factor (PARAFAC) modeling have been used in the diagnosis and identification of petroleum and hydrocarbon components in aquatic environments. Here, we provide detailed protocols for the use of UV–Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy and for data acquisition and processing. UV absorbance at different wavelengths is used to derive optical properties, such as absorption coefficient at 254 nm (a254), specific UV absorbance (SUVA254), and spectral slopes at different wavelength intervals (e.g., S275–295) or slope ratio, and data of fluorescence EEMs are used to identify major fluorescence components. In addition, SUVA254 and spectral slope values are related to aromaticity and molecular weights of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Oil-related fluorescent components and specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds could be readily identified using fluorescence EEMs, especially when combined with PARAFAC analysis. During and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, three oil components were found in the water column with maximum Ex/Em at 224–226/328–340, 232–244/346–366, and 264–252/311–324 nm, respectively. Major PAH compounds identified include naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and others. Oil component ratios can also serve as an indicator for oil degradation status. Optical properties especially fluorescence signatures and fluorescence component ratios serve as a complement to other chemical and molecular analyses of petroleum and hydrocarbon components in seawater. PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/8623_2015_137 SP - 179-200 OP - PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg SN - 9783662527917 9783662527931 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8623_2015_137 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exuberant granulation tissue response associated with Neobenedenia sp. (Monogenea: Capsalidae) infestation in two cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus) AU - Hurley-Sanders, J AU - Harms, C AU - Christiansen, E AU - Clarke, E, III AU - Law, J T2 - Journal of Fish Diseases AB - Abstract Monogenean parasite infestations are common in captive marine teleosts, and are generally found on the skin and gills. This report describes an unusual pathological presentation of exuberant granulation tissue of the gills, suspected to be related to Neobenedenia infestation in two cobia housed together at a North Carolina aquarium. DA - 2015/4/10/ PY - 2015/4/10/ DO - 10.1111/jfd.12360 VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 277-283 SN - 0140-7775 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12360 KW - granulation tissue KW - Neobenedenia KW - Rachycentron canadum ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exertional Myopathy in a Juvenile Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Entangled in a Large Mesh Gillnet AU - Phillips, Brianne E. AU - Cannizzo, Sarah A. AU - Godfrey, Matthew H. AU - Stacy, Brian A. AU - Harms, Craig A. T2 - Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine AB - A juvenile female green sea turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) was found entangled in a large mesh gillnet in Pamlico Sound, NC, and was weak upon presentation for treatment. Blood gas analysis revealed severe metabolic acidosis and hyperlactatemia. Plasma biochemistry analysis showed elevated aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase, marked hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia. Death occurred within 24 hours of presentation despite treatment with intravenous and subcutaneous fluids and sodium bicarbonate. Necropsy revealed multifocal to diffuse pallor of the superficial and deep pectoral muscles. Mild, multifocal, and acute myofiber necrosis was identified by histopathological examination. While histological changes in the examined muscle were modest, the acid-base, mineral, and electrolyte abnormalities were sufficiently severe to contribute to this animal’s mortality. Exertional myopathy in reptiles has not been well characterized. Sea turtle mortality resulting from forced submergence has been attributed to blood gas derangements and seawater aspiration; however, exertional myopathy may also be an important contributing factor. If possible, sea turtles subjected to incidental capture and entanglement that exhibit weakness or dull mentation should be clinically evaluated prior to release to minimize the risk of delayed mortality. Treatment with appropriate fluid therapy and supportive care may mitigate the effects of exertional myopathy in some cases. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1155/2015/604320 VL - 2015 SP - 1-6 J2 - Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 2090-7001 2090-701X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/604320 DB - Crossref ER - TY - CHAP TI - Critical Infrastructure in Extreme Events AU - Birkland, Thomas A. AU - Warnement, Megan T2 - Controversies in Science and Technology A2 - Kleinman, Daniel Lee A2 - Cloud-Hansen, Karen A. A2 - Handlesman, Jo PY - 2015/// ET - Fourth SP - Chapter 3 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP TI - Organizational and Policy Learning: Post Crisis Assessments AU - Warnement, Megan K. AU - Birkland, Thomas A. T2 - Organizing after Crisis: The Challenge of Learning A2 - Schiffino, Nathalie A2 - Taskin, Laurent A2 - Donis, Céline A2 - Raone, Julien PY - 2015/// SP - 235–256 PB - Peter Lang ER - TY - BOOK TI - An Introduction to the Policy Process: Theories, Concepts, and Models of Public Policy Making AU - Birkland, Thomas A. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// ET - 4th PB - Routledge ER - TY - CHAP TI - Focusing events and policy windows AU - Birkland, Thomas A. AU - DeYoung, Sarah E. T2 - Routledge Handbook of Public Policy PY - 2015/2/17/ DO - 10.4324/9780203097571.ch14 OP - PB - Routledge SN - 9780203097571 9781136223259 9780415782456 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203097571.ch14 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soil Pollution Due to Irrigation with Arsenic-Contaminated Groundwater: Current State of Science AU - Gillispie, E.C. AU - Sowers, T.D. AU - Duckworth, O.W. AU - Polizzotto, M.L. T2 - Current Pollution Reports AB - Food with elevated arsenic concentrations is becoming widely recognized as a global threat to human health. This review describes the current state of knowledge of soil pollution derived from irrigation with arsenic-contaminated groundwater, highlighting processes controlling arsenic cycling in soils and resulting arsenic impacts on crop and human health. Irrigation practices utilized for both flooded and upland crops have the potential to load arsenic to soils, with a host of environmental and anthropogenic factors ultimately determining the fate of arsenic. Continual use of contaminated groundwater for irrigation may result in soils with concentrations sufficient to create dangerous arsenic concentrations in the edible portions of crops. Recent advances in low-cost water and soil management options show promise for mitigating arsenic impacts of polluted soils. Better understanding of arsenic transfer from soil to crops and the controls on long-term soil arsenic accumulation is needed to establish effective arsenic mitigation strategies within vulnerable agronomic systems. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1007/s40726-015-0001-5 VL - 1 IS - 1 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85039931557&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Arsenic KW - Soil KW - Irrigation KW - Crops KW - Human health KW - Mitigation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Geospatial analytics for federally managed tourism destinations and their demand markets AU - Supak, S. AU - Brothers, G. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D. T2 - Journal of Destination Marketing & Management DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 173-176 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Key metabolites in tissue extracts of Elliptio complanata identified using1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy AU - Hurley-Sanders, Jennifer L. AU - Levine, Jay F. AU - Nelson, Stacy A. C. AU - Law, J. M. AU - Showers, William J. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. T2 - Conservation Physiology AB - We used (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to describe key metabolites of the polar metabolome of the freshwater mussel, Elliptio complanata. Principal components analysis documented variability across tissue types and river of origin in mussels collected from two rivers in North Carolina (USA). Muscle, digestive gland, mantle and gill tissues yielded identifiable but overlapping metabolic profiles. Variation in digestive gland metabolic profiles between the two mussel collection sites was characterized by differences in mono- and disaccharides. Variation in mantle tissue metabolomes appeared to be associated with sex. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a sensitive means to detect metabolites in the tissues of E. complanata and holds promise as a tool for the investigation of freshwater mussel health and physiology. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1093/conphys/cov023 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - cov023 SN - 2051-1434 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cov023 KW - Freshwater mussels KW - metabolites KW - nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Blood gases, biochemistry and haematology of Galapagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. AU - Hirschfeld, Maximilian AU - Brothers, J. Roger AU - Pablo Munoz-Perez, Juan AU - Denkinger, Judith AU - Vinueza, Luis AU - Garcia, Juan AU - Lohmann, Kenneth J. T2 - CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY AB - The marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus, is an iconic lizard endemic to the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador, but surprisingly little information exists on baseline health parameters for this species. We analysed blood samples drawn from 35 marine iguanas captured at three locations on San Cristóbal Island. A portable blood analyser (iSTAT) was used to obtain near-immediate field results for pH, lactate, partial pressure of O2, partial pressure of CO2, bicarbonate (HCO3 (-)), percentage O2 saturation, haematocrit, haemoglobin, sodium, potassium, ionized calcium and glucose. Parameter values affected by temperature were auto-corrected by the iSTAT. Standard laboratory haematology techniques were employed for differential white blood cell counts and haematocrit determination; resulting values were also compared with the haematocrit values generated by the iSTAT. Body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and body measurements were also recorded. Body length was positively correlated with several blood chemistry values (HCO3 (-) and glucose) and two haematology parameters (haemoglobin and manually determined haematocrit). A notable finding was the unusually high blood sodium level; the mean value of 178 mg/dl is among the highest known for any reptile. This value is likely to be a conservative estimate because some samples exceeded the maximal value the iSTAT can detect. For haematocrit determination, the iSTAT blood analyser yielded results significantly lower than those obtained with high-speed centrifugation. The values reported in this study provide baseline data that may be useful in comparisons among populations and in detecting changes in health status among marine iguanas affected by natural disturbances or anthropogenic threats. The findings might also be helpful in future efforts to demonstrate associations between specific biochemical parameters and disease. DA - 2015/7/24/ PY - 2015/7/24/ DO - 10.1093/conphys/cov034 VL - 3 SP - SN - 2051-1434 KW - Amblyrhynchus cristatus KW - biochemistry KW - blood gas KW - health KW - haematology KW - marine iguana ER - TY - JOUR TI - What is wrong with the concept of carrying capacity? AU - Buckley, R. AU - Singh, S. AU - Brothers, G. AU - McArthur, S. T2 - Challenges in tourism research DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 70 SP - 267-308 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimated survival of subadult and adult Atlantic sturgeon in four river basins in the Southeastern United States AU - Hightower, J. E. AU - Loeffler, M. AU - Post, W. C. AU - Peterson, D. L. T2 - Marine and Coastal Fisheries (Online) AB - Abstract Prompted by concerns about the status of Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus , in 2012 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration listed one distinct population segment (DPS) as threatened (Gulf of Maine) and listed the remaining four DPSs as endangered (New York Bight, Chesapeake Bay, Carolina, and South Atlantic). To provide information for recovery planning, we estimated the survival of subadult and adult Atlantic Sturgeon in two river basins within the Carolina DPS (Roanoke and Cape Fear rivers, North Carolina) and two basins within the South Atlantic DPS (Ashepoo–Combahee–Edisto rivers [ACE], South Carolina; Altamaha River, Georgia). Estimated detection probability varied strongly by season but was similar among river basins, likely reflecting a winter migration into marine waters with minimal receiver coverage. Apparent monthly survival was very high and precisely estimated for the Roanoke River (0.985; 95% credible interval [CI] = 0.970–0.995), Cape Fear River (0.979; 95% CI = 0.971–0.986), ACE (0.989; 95% CI = 0.979–0.993), and Altamaha River (0.985; 95% CI = 0.973–0.994) basins. A pooled estimate for 87 adults from all four basins was 0.988 (95% CI = 0.982–0.992). The monthly rates implied annual apparent survival rates of 0.839 (Roanoke River basin), 0.778 (Cape Fear River basin), 0.871 (ACE basin), and 0.842 (Altamaha River basin); the pooled estimate for adults was 0.860. Our estimated survival rates were similar to other recent estimates for Atlantic Sturgeon but lower than recent estimates for several populations of Gulf Sturgeon A. oxyrinchus desotoi . Recovery of Atlantic Sturgeon in these southeastern rivers will occur more quickly if survival can be increased to a level that is consistent with published estimates of true natural mortality (0.03–0.07; annual survival ≥ 0.93). Received March 18, 2015; accepted August 26, 2015 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1080/19425120.2015.1088491 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 514-522 ER - TY - JOUR TI - VORICONAZOLE TOXICITY IN MULTIPLE PENGUIN SPECIES AU - Hyatt, Michael W. AU - Georoff, Timothy A. AU - Nollens, Hendrik H. AU - Wells, Rebecca L. AU - Clauss, Tonya M. AU - Ialeggio, Donna M. AU - Harms, Craig A. AU - Wack, Allison N. T2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine AB - Aspergillosis is a common respiratory fungal disease in penguins managed under human care. Triazole antifungal drugs, including itraconazole, are most commonly used for treatment; however, itraconazole treatment failures from drug resistance are becoming more common, requiring newer treatment options. Voriconazole, a newer triazole, is being used more often. Until recently, no voriconazole pharmacokinetic studies had been performed in penguins, leading to empiric dosing based on other avian studies. This has led to increased anecdotal reporting of apparent voriconazole toxicity in penguins. This report describes 18 probable and 6 suspected cases of voriconazole toxicity in six penguin species from nine institutions: 12 African penguins (Spheniscus demersus), 5 Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti), 3 Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus), 2 gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua papua), 1 macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus), and 1 emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri). Observed clinical signs of toxicity included anorexia, lethargy, weakness, ataxia, paresis, apparent vision changes, seizure-like activity, and generalized seizures. Similar signs of toxicity have also been reported in humans, in whom voriconazole therapeutic plasma concentration for Aspergillus spp. infections is 2–6 μg/ml. Plasma voriconazole concentrations were measured in 18 samples from penguins showing clinical signs suggestive of voriconazole toxicity. The concentrations ranged from 8.12 to 64.17 μg/ml, with penguins having plasma concentrations above 30 μg/ml exhibiting moderate to severe neurologic signs, including ataxia, paresis, and seizures. These concentrations were well above those known to result in central nervous system toxicity, including encephalopathy, in humans. This case series highlights the importance of species-specific dosing of voriconazole in penguins and plasma therapeutic drug monitoring. Further investigation, including pharmacokinetic studies, is warranted. The authors recommend caution in determining voriconazole dosages for use in penguin species. DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015/12// DO - 10.1638/2015-0128.1 VL - 46 IS - 4 SP - 880-888 J2 - Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 1042-7260 1937-2825 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2015-0128.1 DB - Crossref KW - Adverse effects KW - encephalopathy KW - neurologic KW - penguin KW - toxicity KW - voriconazole ER - TY - CONF TI - UV resonance Raman signatures of phonon-allowed absorptions and phonon-driven bubble formation AU - Hallen, H. D. AU - Willitsford, A. AU - Weeks, R. AU - Philbrick, C. R. C2 - 2015/// C3 - Ultrafast nonlinear imaging and spectroscopy iii DA - 2015/// VL - 9584 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Compendium of Veterinary Standard Precautions for Zoonotic Disease Prevention in Veterinary Personnel AU - Williams, Carl J. AU - Scheftel, Joni M. AU - Elchos, Brigid L. AU - Hopkins, Sharon G. AU - Levine, Jay F. T2 - JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AB - "Compendium of Veterinary Standard Precautions for Zoonotic Disease Prevention in Veterinary Personnel: National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians: Veterinary Infection Control Committee 2015" published on 01 Dec 2015 by American Veterinary Medical Association. DA - 2015/12/1/ PY - 2015/12/1/ DO - 10.2460/javma.247.11.1252 VL - 247 IS - 11 SP - 1252-1277 SN - 1943-569X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coastal Ocean Forecasting: system integration and evaluation AU - Kourafalou, V. H. AU - De Mey, P. AU - Le Henaff, M. AU - Charria, G. AU - Edwards, C. A. AU - He, R. AU - Herzfeld, M. AU - Pascual, A. AU - Stanev, E. V. AU - Tintore, J. AU - Usui, N. AU - Westhuysen, A. J. AU - Wilkin, J. AU - Zhu, X. T2 - JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY AB - Recent advances in Coastal Ocean Forecasting Systems (COFS) are discussed. Emphasis is given to the integration of the observational and modeling components, each developed in the context of monitoring and forecasting in the coastal seas. These integrated systems must be linked to larger scale systems toward seamless data sets, nowcasts and forecasts (from the global ocean, through the continental shelf and to the nearshore regions). Emerging capabilities include: methods to optimize coastal/regional observational networks; and probabilistic approaches to address both science and applications related to COFS. International collaboration is essential to exchange best practices, achieve common frameworks and establish standards. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1080/1755876x.2015.1022336 VL - 8 SP - S127-S146 SN - 1755-8778 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An integrated ocean circulation, wave, atmosphere, and marine ecosystem prediction system for the South Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Mexico AU - Xue, Zuo AU - Zambon, Joseph AU - Yao, Zhigang AU - Liu, Yuchuan AU - He, Ruoying T2 - JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY AB - An integrated nowcast/forecast modelling system covering the South Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Mexico (SABGOM) is in operation, utilizing sophisticated model coupling and parallel computing techniques. This three-dimensional, high-resolution, regional nowcast/forecast system provides a nowcast and an 84 h forecast of marine weather, ocean waves and circulation, and basic marine ecosystem conditions to the public via a Google Map interface. The SABGOM system runs automatically daily and supports a series of user-defined online applications. Extensive model validations were performed online against in situ and satellite-observed ocean conditions. The SABGOM system exhibits a reliable capability of providing valuable forecasts. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1080/1755876x.2015.1014667 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 80-91 SN - 1755-8778 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phacoemulsification and aspiration for cataract management in a dollar sunfish, Lepomis marginatus (Holbrook) - a case report AU - Adamovicz, L. AU - Lewbart, G. AU - Gilger, B. T2 - JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES AB - Journal of Fish DiseasesVolume 38, Issue 12 p. 1089-1092 Short Communication Phacoemulsification and aspiration for cataract management in a dollar sunfish, Lepomis marginatus (Holbrook) – a case report L Adamovicz, L Adamovicz North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorG Lewbart, Corresponding Author G Lewbart North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USACorrespondence G Lewbart, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (e-mail:[email protected])Search for more papers by this authorB Gilger, B Gilger North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this author L Adamovicz, L Adamovicz North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this authorG Lewbart, Corresponding Author G Lewbart North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USACorrespondence G Lewbart, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (e-mail:[email protected])Search for more papers by this authorB Gilger, B Gilger North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 February 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12346Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume38, Issue12December 2015Pages 1089-1092 RelatedInformation DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015/12// DO - 10.1111/jfd.12346 VL - 38 IS - 12 SP - 1089-1092 SN - 1365-2761 KW - cataract KW - dollar sunfish KW - extracapsular lens extraction KW - Lepomis marginatus KW - phacoemulsification ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global change and conservation triage on National Wildlife Refuges AU - Johnson, Fred A. AU - Eaton, Mitchell J. AU - McMahon, Gerard AU - Nilius, Raye AU - Bryant, Michael R. AU - Case, David J. AU - Martin, Julien AU - Wood, Nathan J. AU - Taylor, Laura T2 - ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY AB - Johnson, F. A., M. J. Eaton, G. McMahon, R. Nilius, M. R. Bryant, D. J. Case, J. Martin, N. J. Wood, and L. Taylor. 2015. Global change and conservation triage on National Wildlife Refuges. Ecology and Society 20(4):14. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07986-200414 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.5751/es-07986-200414 VL - 20 IS - 4 SP - SN - 1708-3087 KW - adaptive management KW - allocation KW - decision analysis KW - ecosystem valuation KW - global change KW - National Wildlife Refuge KW - objectives KW - policy KW - portfolio analysis KW - reserve design KW - stakeholders ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deep ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy: A resonance-absorption trade-off illustrated by diluted liquid benzene AU - Chadwick, C. T. AU - Willitsford, A. H. AU - Philbrick, C. R. AU - Hallen, H. D. T2 - Journal of Applied Physics DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 118 IS - 24 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The response of inorganic carbon distributions and dynamics to upwelling-favorable winds on the northern Gulf of Mexico during summer AU - Huang, W. -J. AU - Cai, W. -J AU - Wang, Y. AU - Hu, X. AU - Chen, B. AU - Lohrenz, S. E. AU - Chakraborty, S. AU - He, R. AU - Brandes, J. AU - Hopkinson, C. S. T2 - CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH AB - Upwelling-favorable winds and an offshore-distributed Mississippi and Atchafalaya River plume trajectory were observed in summer 2009 in contrast to the mean conditions from 2002 to 2010 (upwelling-unfavorable winds and an alongshore river plume trajectory), a set of conditions which was also observed in summer 2007. The responses of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) distributions and dynamics to upwelling-favorable winds are studied by comparing the contrasting conditions between summer 2009 and summer 2007 on the northern Gulf of Mexico. Patterns of surface water partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), DIC, δ13C in DIC, and total alkalinity (TA) determined in July 2009 and August 2007 were strongly related to river plume trajectories, and differed between the two summers. The slope of the relationship between dissolved oxygen (DO) and DIC in summer 2007 was comparable to the Redfield O/C ratio of 1.3, which was attributed to respiration of organic matter in the bottom water. The slope of the DO and DIC relationship and δ13CDIC values in bottom waters during July 2009 were clearly affected by mixing since their salinities were <35. A three end-member mixing model was used to remove mixing effects in (1) δ13CDIC, to estimate the organic source of respiration, and (2) in DIC concentrations, to calculate DIC removal and release. δ13CDIC results in both summers were consistent with an apparent release of DIC in hypoxic waters (DO less than 2 mg L−1) associated with respiration of surface organic matter. The area-weighted surface DIC removal (i.e., biological production) was lower in 2009 than in 2007 on the shelf, as the plume was distributed offshore. The release of DIC in bottom waters was higher over the shelf in 2009 and was surmised to be related to stronger mixing, which was favorable for the DO supply for respiration. Overall, surface waters on the continental shelf in the region of study in July 2009 acted as a weak CO2 source to the atmosphere, but a weak CO2 sink in August 2007. We contend that the inorganic carbon distribution and concentrations on the shelf were related to regional wind forcing, through its influence on the distribution of coastal currents and plume trajectories and their subsequent impact on biogeochemical processes. DA - 2015/12/1/ PY - 2015/12/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.csr.2015.08.020 VL - 111 SP - 211-222 SN - 1873-6955 KW - Gas exchange KW - Carbon cycle KW - Hypoxia KW - Mississippi River plume KW - Continental shelf KW - Carbon cycle ER - TY - JOUR TI - River-derived sediment suspension and transport in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas: A preliminary modeling study AU - Zeng, Xiangming AU - He, Ruoying AU - Xue, Zuo AU - Wang, Houjie AU - Wang, Yue AU - Yao, Zhigang AU - Guan, Weibing AU - Warrillow, Jennifer T2 - CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH AB - Coastal circulation and transport of sediment derived from the Huanghe and Changjiang Rivers in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas (BYECS) over the past 48 years (1958–2005) were simulated and analyzed using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport modeling system. Model skill assessments against in situ wave and hydrographical observations indicate the model simulation can reasonably well reproduce the hydrodynamic environment of the BYECS. Model-simulated regions of high fine sediment accumulation rate correlate well with the observed regions, which are known as “muddy patches.” Bottom stress analysis further indicates that the formation of muddy patches near river mouths is largely due to their proximity to the sediment source. Muddy patches formed in regions farther away from river mouths are results of local weak bottom stress and associated circulation pattern. Simulated seabed sediment distribution reveals that most of the Huanghe-derived sediment stays inside the Bohai Sea, whereas the Changjiang-derived sediment can spread into both the Yellow and East China Seas. Strong seasonal variations exist in the river-derived sediment transport with stronger (weaker) offshore sediment transport occurring in the winter (summer). DA - 2015/12/1/ PY - 2015/12/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.csr.2015.08.015 VL - 111 SP - 112-125 SN - 1873-6955 KW - Huanghe River KW - Changjiang River KW - Sediment transport KW - Wave-current coupling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of process control viruses for use in extraction and detection of human norovirus from food matrices AU - Gentry-Shields, Jennifer AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL AB - Abstract Although RT-qPCR is a powerful tool for human norovirus (HuNoV) detection, low virus concentrations in potentially large sample volumes necessitate the use of inefficient sample processing step(s) prior to detection. Process control viruses (PCVs) are used to monitor the efficiency of these virus concentration steps. This study compared five PCVs [Mengovirus (Mengo), murine norovirus (MNV-1), MS2 coliphage, Tulane virus, and turnip crinkle virus (TCV)] to two HuNoV strains for recovery during the steps of elution, polyethylene glycol precipitation (PEG), and RNA extraction from select foods (lettuce and sliced deli ham). Results demonstrate high recovery efficiencies of HuNoV GI.6 and GII.4 using the methods described in this study: combined (sequential) losses during processing from sliced deli ham and lettuce were 10 genome equivalent copies (GEC). When considering the processing steps separately, HuNoV loss was negligible after elution, and low after PEG precipitation (mean 0.5 log 10 GEC) and RNA extraction (mean 0.1 log 10 GEC). The virus that least mimicked the behavior of HuNoV during sample processing was MNV-1. Of the viruses tested, a commercial mengovirus strain gave recovery efficiencies closest to HuNoV, showing combined losses from sliced deli ham and lettuce of 10 GEC and ~ 1 log 10 GEC, respectively. All PCVs do not behave equivalently and validation of their performance is recommended before their routine use on an application-by-application basis. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.027 VL - 77 SP - 320-325 SN - 1873-7145 KW - Norovirus KW - Process control virus KW - RT-qPCR KW - Processing efficiency ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transcriptomics of mRNA and egg quality in farmed fish: Some recent developments and future directions AU - Sullivan, Craig V. AU - Chapman, Robert W. AU - Reading, Benjamin J. AU - Anderson, Paul E. T2 - GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY AB - Maternal mRNA transcripts deposited in growing oocytes regulate early development and are under intensive investigation as determinants of egg quality. The research has evolved from single gene studies to microarray and now RNA-Seq analyses in which mRNA expression by virtually every gene can be assessed and related to gamete quality. Such studies have mainly focused on genes changing two- to several-fold in expression between biological states, and have identified scores of candidate genes and a few gene networks whose functioning is related to successful development. However, ever-increasing yields of information from high throughput methods for detecting transcript abundance have far outpaced progress in methods for analyzing the massive quantities of gene expression data, and especially for meaningful relation of whole transcriptome profiles to gamete quality. We have developed a new approach to this problem employing artificial neural networks and supervised machine learning with other novel bioinformatics procedures to discover a previously unknown level of ovarian transcriptome function at which minute changes in expression of a few hundred genes is highly predictive of egg quality. In this paper, we briefly review the progress in transcriptomics of fish egg quality and discuss some future directions for this field of study. DA - 2015/9/15/ PY - 2015/9/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.02.012 VL - 221 SP - 23-30 SN - 1095-6840 KW - Teleost KW - Transcriptome KW - Ovary KW - Egg KW - Genome KW - Artificial neural network ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estrogen-induced yolk precursors in European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax: Status and perspectives on multiplicity and functioning of vitellogenins AU - Yilmaz, Ozlem AU - Prat, Francisco AU - Jose Ibanez, Antonio AU - Amano, Haruna AU - Koksoy, Sadi AU - Sullivan, Craig V. T2 - GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY AB - The estrogen-inducible egg yolk precursor, vitellogenin, of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) has received considerable scientific attention by virtue of its central importance in determination of oocyte growth and egg quality in this important aquaculture species. However, the multiplicity of vitellogenins in the sea bass has only recently been examined. Recent cloning and homology analyses have revealed that the sea bass possesses the three forms of vitellogenin, VtgAa, VtgAb and VtgC, reported to occur in some other highly evolved teleosts. Progress has been made in assessing the relative abundance and special structural features of the three Vtgs and their likely roles in oocyte maturation and embryonic nutrition. This report discusses these findings in the context of our prior knowledge of vitellogenesis in this species and of the latest advances in our understanding of the evolution and function of multiple Vtgs in acanthomorph fishes. DA - 2015/9/15/ PY - 2015/9/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.01.018 VL - 221 SP - 16-22 SN - 1095-6840 KW - Teleost KW - Reproduction KW - Lipoprotein KW - Vitellogenin KW - Oocyte KW - Yolk ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate extremes dominating seasonal and interannual variations in carbon export from the Mississippi River Basin AU - Tian, Hanqin AU - Ren, Wei AU - Yang, Jia AU - Tao, Bo AU - Cai, Wei-Jun AU - Lohrenz, Steven E. AU - Hopkinson, Charles S. AU - Liu, Mingliang AU - Yang, Qichun AU - Lu, Chaoqun AU - Zhang, Bowen AU - Banger, Kamaljit AU - Pan, Shufen AU - He, Ruoying AU - Xue, Zuo T2 - GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES AB - Abstract Knowledge about the annual and seasonal patterns of organic and inorganic carbon (C) exports from the major rivers of the world to the coastal ocean is essential for our understanding and potential management of the global C budget so as to limit anthropogenic modification of global climate. Unfortunately our predictive understanding of what controls the timing, magnitude, and quality of C export is still rudimentary. Here we use a process‐based coupled hydrologic/ecosystem biogeochemistry model (the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model) to examine how climate variability and extreme events, changing land use, and atmospheric chemistry have affected the annual and seasonal patterns of C exports from the Mississippi River basin to the Gulf of Mexico. Our process‐based simulations estimate that the average annual exports of dissolved organic C (DOC), particulate organic C (POC), and dissolved inorganic C (DIC) in the 2000s were 2.6 ± 0.4 Tg C yr −1 , 3.4 ± 0.3 Tg C yr −1 , and 18.8 ± 3.4 Tg C yr −1 , respectively. Although land use change was the most important agent of change in C export over the past century, climate variability and extreme events (such as flooding and drought) were primarily responsible for seasonal and interannual variations in C export from the basin. The maximum seasonal export of DIC occurred in summer while for DOC and POC the maximum occurred in winter. Relative to the 10 year average (2001–2010), our modeling analysis indicates that the years of maximal and minimal C export cooccurred with wet and dry years (2008: 32% above average and 2006: 32% below average). Given Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change‐predicted changes in climate variability and the severity of rain events and droughts of wet and dry years for the remainder of the 21st century, our modeling results suggest major changes in the riverine link between the terrestrial and oceanic realms, which are likely to have a major impact on C delivery to the coastal ocean. DA - 2015/9// PY - 2015/9// DO - 10.1002/2014gb005068 VL - 29 IS - 9 SP - 1333-1347 SN - 1944-9224 KW - carbon export KW - climate extreme KW - land use KW - land-ocean interface KW - Mississippi River ER - TY - JOUR TI - Can bycatch in a flatfish gillnet fishery be reduced with rectangular mesh? AU - Rudershausen, P. J. AU - Price, A. B. AU - Buckel, J. A. T2 - FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY AB - Abstract Gillnets fished in North Carolina, USA , estuaries have high rates of bycatch relative to the target catch of southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert. This study tested whether rectangular‐mesh gillnets would maintain catch rates of southern flounder and reduce fish bycatch relative to conventional diamond‐mesh gillnets in two North Carolina estuaries. In the Neuse River estuary, catch rates of legal southern flounder were not different between the two mesh shapes, but the bycatch of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus) and other fish species was reduced with rectangular‐mesh net. In the Newport River estuary, southern flounder and red drum catches were reduced in rectangular‐mesh net, but the decrease was greater for red drum. Catches of sublegal southern flounder were reduced in the rectangular‐mesh net in both estuaries. Reduced catch rates of sublegal southern flounder and bycatch species suggest rectangular mesh may help manage stocks of estuarine fish species in areas where gillnets are used to target flatfishes. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015/10// DO - 10.1111/fme.12141 VL - 22 IS - 5 SP - 419-431 SN - 1365-2400 KW - estuary KW - Paralichthys lethostigma KW - red drum KW - southern flounder ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seafloor seismicity, Antarctic ice-sounds, cetacean vocalizations and long-term ambient sound in the Indian Ocean basin AU - Royer, J. -Y. AU - Chateau, R. AU - Dziak, R. P. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D. R. T2 - GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL AB - This paper presents the results from the Deflo-hydroacoustic experiment in the Southern Indian Ocean using three autonomous underwater hydrophones, complemented by two permanent hydroacoustic stations. The array monitored for 14 months, from November 2006 to December 2007, a 3000 × 3000 km wide area, encompassing large segments of the three Indian spreading ridges that meet at the Indian Triple Junction. A catalogue of 11 105 acoustic events is derived from the recorded data, of which 55 per cent are located from three hydrophones, 38 per cent from 4, 6 per cent from five and less than 1 per cent by six hydrophones. From a comparison with land-based seismic catalogues, the smallest detected earthquakes are mb 2.6 in size, the range of recorded magnitudes is about twice that of land-based networks and the number of detected events is 5–16 times larger. Seismicity patterns vary between the three spreading ridges, with activity mainly focused on transform faults along the fast spreading Southeast Indian Ridge and more evenly distributed along spreading segments and transforms on the slow spreading Central and ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian ridges; the Central Indian Ridge is the most active of the three with an average of 1.9 events/100 km/month. Along the Sunda Trench, acoustic events mostly radiate from the inner wall of the trench and show a 200-km-long seismic gap between 2 °S and the Equator. The array also detected more than 3600 cryogenic events, with different seasonal trends observed for events from the Antarctic margin, compared to those from drifting icebergs at lower (up to 50°S) latitudes. Vocalizations of five species and subspecies of large baleen whales were also observed and exhibit clear seasonal variability. On the three autonomous hydrophones, whale vocalizations dominate sound levels in the 20–30 and 100 Hz frequency bands, whereas earthquakes and ice tremor are a dominant source of ambient sound at frequencies <20 Hz. DA - 2015/8// PY - 2015/8// DO - 10.1093/gji/ggv178 VL - 202 IS - 2 SP - 748-762 SN - 1365-246X KW - Hydrogeophysics KW - Acoustic properties KW - Mid-ocean ridge processes KW - Indian Ocean ER - TY - JOUR TI - Recent decrease in DOC concentrations in Arctic lakes of southwest Greenland AU - Saros, Jasmine E. AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Northington, Robert M. AU - Birkel, Sean D. AU - Auger, Jeffrey D. AU - Stedmon, Colin A. AU - Anderson, Nicholas John T2 - GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - Abstract A key indicator of changes in the terrestrial carbon cycle is shifting dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in surface waters. Arctic permafrost holds twice as much C as the atmosphere, thus recent warming and changes in atmospheric deposition to the region raise the need for a better understanding of how DOC is changing in arctic surface waters. In Kangerlussuaq, Greenland, lakewater DOC concentrations declined by 14 to 55% (absolute changes of 1 to 24 mg L −1 ) between 2003 and 2013, without significant changes in quality. Lakewater sulfate concentrations, but not chloride or conductivity, increased. These results suggest that similar to processes that have occurred at northern midlatitudes, increases in soil ionic strength as a result of sulfate enrichment may be linked to declining surface water DOC concentrations. Such enrichment may be occurring with enhanced non‐sea‐salt sulfate deposition. Our results reveal that rapid changes are occurring in the carbon cycle of this region of southwest Greenland. DA - 2015/8/28/ PY - 2015/8/28/ DO - 10.1002/2015gl065075 VL - 42 IS - 16 SP - 6703-6709 SN - 1944-8007 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mean circulation in the coastal ocean off northeastern North America from a regional-scale ocean model AU - Chen, K. AU - He, R. T2 - OCEAN SCIENCE AB - Abstract. A regional-scale ocean model was used to hindcast the coastal circulation over the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) and Gulf of Maine (GOM) from 2004 to 2013. The model was nested inside a data assimilative global ocean model that provided initial and open boundary conditions. Realistic atmospheric forcing, tides and observed river runoff were also used to drive the model. Hindcast solutions were compared against observations, which included coastal sea levels, satellite altimetry sea surface height, in situ temperature and salinity measurements in the GOM, and observed mean depth-averaged velocities. Good agreements with observations suggest that the hindcast model is capable of capturing the major circulation variability in the MAB and GOM. Time- and space-continuous hindcast fields were used to depict the mean circulation, along- and cross-shelf transport and the associated momentum balances. The hindcast confirms the presence of the equatorward mean shelf circulation, which varies from 2.33 Sv over the Scotian Shelf to 0.22 Sv near Cape Hatteras. Using the 200 m isobath as the shelf/slope boundary, the mean cross-shelf transport calculations indicate that the shelfbreak segments off the Gulf of Maine (including the southern flank of Georges Bank and the Northeast Channel) and Cape Hatteras are the major sites for shelf water export. The momentum analysis reveals that the along-shelf sea level difference from Nova Scotia to Cape Hatteras is about 0.36 m. The nonlinear advection, stress, and horizontal viscosity terms all contribute to the ageostrophic circulation in the along-isobath direction, whereas the nonlinear advection plays a dominant role in determining the ageostrophic current in the cross-isobath direction. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.5194/os-11-503-2015 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 503-517 SN - 1812-0784 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Casque infection, resolution, and subsequent repneumatization in a trumpeter hornbill (Bycanistes buccinator) AU - Gjeltema, Jenessa L. AU - De Voe, Ryan S. AU - Phillips, Brianne E. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. T2 - VETERINARY QUARTERLY AB - Keywords: Bycanistes buccinatortrumpeter hornbillcasqueinfectionEnterobacter aerogenesCitrobacter freundiirepneumatizationsinusotomy DA - 2015/7/3/ PY - 2015/7/3/ DO - 10.1080/01652176.2015.1035462 VL - 35 IS - 3 SP - 177-180 SN - 1875-5941 KW - Bycanistes buccinator KW - trumpeter hornbill KW - casque KW - infection KW - Enterobacter aerogenes KW - Citrobacter freundii KW - repneumatization KW - sinusotomy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Building collaborative learning opportunities between future veterinary and design professionals AU - Magallanes, F. AU - Stoskopf, M. K. AU - Royal, K. D. T2 - Journal of Education and Training Studies AB - Positive inter-professional collaborations and interactions facilitate the effectiveness of veterinarians working on professional teams addressing a wide range of societal challenges. The need for these interactions extend far beyond the different medical professions, which is the limit of many discussions of inter-professional relations for veterinary medicine. Methods of problem solving differ across professions, and clinical veterinary problem solving is quite distinct from the approaches of non-medical professions. These distinctions are particularly obvious when looking at the approaches of design professionals. Yet, most veterinarians work in collaboration with architects and landscape architects at some time in their careers, with varying degrees of success. This case study describes a collaboration between a College of Veterinary Medicine and a College of Design in which a course was offered across both colleges that allowed students to build a real life design to suit the needs of a veterinary medical college considering how to best utilize space for animals, animal and human interaction and the holistic development of healthy spaces for humans. Results of the collaboration indicated that despite initial struggles, students from very different disciplinary backgrounds were able to effectively work in teams, problem solve, communicate and exchange ideas, learn to appreciate their peer counterparts, and produce a high-quality design that may ultimately be adopted by the university. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.11114/jets.v3i5.852 VL - 3 IS - 5 SP - 43-51 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bank erosion of legacy sediment at the transition from vertical to lateral stream incision AU - Lyons, Nathan J. AU - Starek, Michael J. AU - Wegmann, Karl W. AU - Mitasova, Helena T2 - EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS AB - Abstract Streambank erosion is a primary source of suspended sediments in many waterways of the US Atlantic Piedmont. This problem is exacerbated where banks are comprised of fine sediment produced by the intensive land use practices of early European settlers. A stream in this region, Richland Creek incises into banks comprised of three stratigraphic layers associated with historic land use: pre‐European settlement, early European agriculture and development, and water‐powered milldam operation. This study aims to identify the bank processes along a reach of Richland Creek that is eroding towards its pre‐disturbance elevation. The volume of material that has eroded along this stream since the milldam breached was calculated by differencing a reconstructed surface of the pond bed and an aerial lidar digital terrain model (DTM). Immediately downstream from the study reach, the channel is floored by bedrock and immediately upstream the rate of channel erosion approximately doubled along the longitudinal profile of Richland Creek, which indicate that the study reach spans the transition from a channel dominated by vertical incision in the upstream direction to horizontal widening in the downstream direction. The combined hydrometeorological conditions and dominant processes causing reach‐scale cut bank erosion were investigated with analyses of stream stage, precipitation, and streambank volumetric and surfaces change that was measured during nine terrestrial lidar surveys in 2010–2012. The spatial variability of erosion during a simulated precipitation event was examined in a field‐based experiment. Erosion was greatest where mill pond sediment columns detached along vertical desiccation and horizontal seepage cracks. This sediment accumulated on the bank toe throughout the study and was a source of readily‐entrained fine sediment contrary to the upper reaches where depositional accommodation space is more limited. Findings suggest that hotspots of sediment excavation progress upstream, indicating that restoration efforts should focus upon stabilizing banks at these locations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015/10// DO - 10.1002/esp.3753 VL - 40 IS - 13 SP - 1764-1778 SN - 1096-9837 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84943362977&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - episodic stream turbidity KW - streambank erosion KW - legacy sediment KW - soil erodibility KW - terrestrial lidar ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal variation in the quality of dissolved and particulate organic matter exchanged between a salt marsh and its adjacent estuary AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Mikan, Molly P. AU - Etheridge, J. Randall AU - Burchell, Michael R. AU - Birgand, Francois T2 - JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES AB - Abstract Fluorescence was used to examine the quality of dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and POM) exchanging between a tidal creek in a created salt marsh and its adjacent estuary in eastern North Carolina, USA. Samples from the creek were collected hourly over four tidal cycles in May, July, August, and October 2011. Absorbance and fluorescence of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and of base‐extracted POM (BEPOM) served as the tracers for organic matter quality while dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and base‐extracted particulate organic carbon (BEPOC) were used to compute fluxes. Fluorescence was modeled using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and principle components analysis (PCA) of the PARAFAC results. Of nine PARAFAC components (C) modeled, C3 represented recalcitrant DOM and C4 represented fresher soil‐derived source DOM. Component 1 represented detrital POM, and C6 represented planktonic POM. Based on mass balance, recalcitrant DOC export was 86 g C m −2 yr −1 and labile DOC export was 49 g C m −2 yr −1 ; no planktonic DOC was exported. The marsh also exported 41 g C m −2 yr −1 of detrital terrestrial POC, which likely originated from lands adjacent to the North River estuary. Planktonic POC export from the marsh was 6 g C m −2 yr −1 . Assuming the exported organic matter was oxidized to CO 2 and scaled up to global salt marsh area, respiration of salt marsh DOC and POC transported to estuaries could amount to a global CO 2 flux of 11 Tg C yr −1 , roughly 4% of the recently estimated CO 2 release for marshes and estuaries globally. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.1002/2014jg002897 VL - 120 IS - 7 SP - 1430-1449 SN - 2169-8961 KW - DOM KW - POM KW - CDOM KW - fluorescence ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rearticulating Nuclear Power: Energy Activism and Contested Common Sense AU - Kinsella, William J. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION-A JOURNAL OF NATURE AND CULTURE AB - This essay utilizes the perspective of articulation theory to examine how environmental advocates, public interest organizations, and citizen-consumers have challenged the nuclear industry's expansion efforts, linking strategies at local and global levels. The industry has articulated a material and discursive formation including reactor construction projects, financial and political arrangements, and an overarching narrative of nuclear necessity and inevitability. Opponents have responded by linking organizations, individuals, histories, geographies, and expertise, re-articulating the place of nuclear power in the field of energy choices. This essay examines those opposing articulations in the context of efforts to construct new nuclear power plants in the southeastern USA. There, opponents have challenged state-level regulatory approval of a corporate merger that would facilitate new nuclear construction and financing arrangements that would shift economic risks from the corporation to consumers. These local engagements have broader consequences: in challenging one corporation's nuclear ambitions, opponents also challenge the global industry narrative of nuclear necessity and inevitability. DA - 2015/7/3/ PY - 2015/7/3/ DO - 10.1080/17524032.2014.978348 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 346-366 SN - 1752-4040 KW - articulation KW - energy activism KW - energy choice KW - nuclear energy KW - nuclear power KW - risk and regulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Oral Transmucosal Detomidine Gel for the Sedation of the Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) AU - Phillips, Brianne E. AU - Harms, Craig A. AU - Messenger, Kristen M. T2 - Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine AB - The restraint of ferrets for physical examination and venipuncture often employs chemical means with parenteral drug injection or inhalant anesthetics. These methods often result in agitation, pain at the injection site, increased stress, and increased cost. A transmucosal (TM) detomidine gel has recently been evaluated for sedation to facilitate physical examination and common procedures in dogs and horses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate TM detomidine in the domestic ferret for physical examination and venipuncture in a teaching laboratory setting. Detomidine was evaluated at 2 doses: 2 and 4 mg/m2. A total of 16 ferrets (8 female and 8 male) were randomly assigned to each dose group. Following the administration of detomidine, physiologic variables were collected (heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature) and sedation scoring was performed every 10 minutes. Owing to the rapid effect of the drug, time of onset was not consistently captured in the data recording protocol; the 8 males were used again in a subsequent laboratory and dosed at 3 mg/m2 to refine the times of initial effect and dorsal recumbency. Venipuncture was attempted only after full physical examinations were completed and the ferrets could be placed in dorsal recumbency. Venipuncture was performed with detomidine sedation alone on 4 female and 5 male ferrets, with no significant difference based on dose group. Isoflurane was administered via face mask to the remaining ferrets due to insufficient sedation based on muscle movement and reaction to venipuncture. Heart rate significantly decreased following detomidine administration as compared with baseline values in both dose groups. There were no significant changes in respiratory rates. Sedation scores were significantly increased throughout the study period. Side effects of detomidine administration included piloerection of the tail in all ferrets and a second-degree atrioventricular block in one female ferret that resolved following reversal with atipamezole. Hyperglycemia was observed in 67% of the ferrets. TM detomidine effectively sedated domestic ferrets for physical examination and venipuncture. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015/10// DO - 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.08.012 VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 446-454 J2 - Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 1557-5063 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2015.08.012 DB - Crossref KW - ferret KW - detomidine KW - transmucosal KW - sedation KW - alpha-2-receptor agonist ER - TY - CONF TI - Lidar investigations of atmospheric dynamics AU - Philbrick, C. R. AU - Hallen, H. D. C2 - 2015/// C3 - Lidar remote sensing for environmental monitoring xv DA - 2015/// VL - 9612 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating Regional Fishing Mortality for Freshwater Systems: a Florida Largemouth Bass Example AU - Kerns, Janice A. AU - Allen, Micheal S. AU - Dotson, Jason R. AU - Hightower, Joseph E. T2 - NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AB - Abstract Species‐specific harvest regulations in recreational fisheries are commonly applied regionally to protect stocks from overharvest and satisfy a diverse set of anglers. While setting regulations is a complex task and may incorporate the best available social and biological information, fisheries managers commonly obtain directed fishing mortality estimates within a single lake and then assume similar rates among other systems when setting regional harvest regulations. Thus, there is a need to assess regional levels of fishing mortality for informed use of regionally applied regulations. We implemented a practical method for assessing catch and harvest for a recreational fishery across a broad spatial region. We used a passive tag‐reward study design and a regional management regulation area for Florida Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus in central Florida as our case study. The estimated fishing mortality rate included both harvest and deaths due to catch and release. We found overall regional fishing mortality for Florida Largemouth Bass in central Florida was relatively low. From the 247 dart tags returned, the mean annual instantaneous total fishing mortality rate was 0.11 (95% credible interval = 0.08–0.15). We also found fishing mortality rates did not vary with lake size or fish total length. Our study design did not provide mortality estimates for any specific lake due to a low number of tagged fish per lake, but the method could be used to elucidate the effectiveness of regulations that are applied at a regional scale. Received November 20, 2014; accepted March 31, 2015 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1080/02755947.2015.1040561 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 681-689 SN - 1548-8675 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Case descriptions of fibropapillomatosis in rehabilitating loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta in the southeastern USA AU - Page-Karjian, A AU - Norton, TM AU - Harms, C AU - Mader, D AU - Herbst, LH AU - Stedman, N AU - Gottdenker, NL T2 - Diseases of Aquatic Organisms AB - Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a debilitating neoplastic disease that affects all species of hard-shelled sea turtles, including loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta. FP can represent an important clinical concern in rehabilitating turtles, since managing these infectious lesions often requires special husbandry provisions including quarantine, and FP may affect clinical progression, extend rehabilitation duration, and complicate prognoses. Here we describe cases of rehabilitating loggerhead turtles with FP (designated FP+). Medical records of FP+ loggerhead cases from 3 sea turtle rehabilitation facilities in the southeastern USA were reviewed. Between 2001 and 2014, FP was observed in 8 of 818 rehabilitating loggerhead turtles (0.98% overall prevalence in admitted patients). FP+ loggerhead size classes represented were large juvenile (straight carapace length, SCL: 58.1-80 cm; n=7) and adult (SCL>87 cm; n=1). Three turtles presented with FP, and 5 developed tumors during rehabilitation within a range of 45 to 319 d. Sites of new tumor growth included the eyes, sites of trauma, neck, and glottis. FP+ turtles were scored as mildly (3/8), moderately (4/8), or heavily (1/8) afflicted. The mean total time in rehabilitation was 476±355 d (SD) (range: 52-1159 d). Six turtles were released without visible evidence of FP, 1 turtle was released with mild FP, and 1 turtle with internal FP was euthanized. Clinical decision-making for FP+ loggerhead patients can be aided by such information as time to tumor development, anatomic locations to monitor for new tumor growth, husbandry considerations, diagnostic and treatment options, and comparisons to FP in rehabilitating green turtles Chelonia mydas. DA - 2015/8/20/ PY - 2015/8/20/ DO - 10.3354/dao02878 VL - 115 IS - 3 SP - 185-191 J2 - Dis. Aquat. Org. LA - en OP - SN - 0177-5103 1616-1580 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02878 DB - Crossref KW - FP KW - CFPHV KW - ChHV5 KW - Rehabilitation KW - Epidemiology KW - Captive care KW - Survival outcomes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Camera traps and mark-resight models: The value of ancillary data for evaluating assumptions AU - Parsons, Arielle W. AU - Simons, Theodore R. AU - Pollock, Kenneth H. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. AU - Stocking, Jessica J. AU - O'connell, Allan F., Jr. T2 - The Journal of Wildlife Management AB - ABSTRACT Unbiased estimators of abundance and density are fundamental to the study of animal ecology and critical for making sound management decisions. Capture–recapture models are generally considered the most robust approach for estimating these parameters but rely on a number of assumptions that are often violated but rarely validated. Mark‐resight models, a form of capture–recapture, are well suited for use with noninvasive sampling methods and allow for a number of assumptions to be relaxed. We used ancillary data from continuous video and radio telemetry to evaluate the assumptions of mark‐resight models for abundance estimation on a barrier island raccoon ( Procyon lotor ) population using camera traps. Our island study site was geographically closed, allowing us to estimate real survival and in situ recruitment in addition to population size. We found several sources of bias due to heterogeneity of capture probabilities in our study, including camera placement, animal movement, island physiography, and animal behavior. Almost all sources of heterogeneity could be accounted for using the sophisticated mark‐resight models developed by McClintock et al. (2009 b ) and this model generated estimates similar to a spatially explicit mark‐resight model previously developed for this population during our study. Spatially explicit capture–recapture models have become an important tool in ecology and confer a number of advantages; however, non‐spatial models that account for inherent individual heterogeneity may perform nearly as well, especially where immigration and emigration are limited. Non‐spatial models are computationally less demanding, do not make implicit assumptions related to the isotropy of home ranges, and can provide insights with respect to the biological traits of the local population. © 2015 The Wildlife Society. DA - 2015/8/13/ PY - 2015/8/13/ DO - 10.1002/JWMG.931 VL - 79 IS - 7 SP - 1163-1172 J2 - Jour. Wild. Mgmt. LA - en OP - SN - 0022-541X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/JWMG.931 DB - Crossref KW - ancillary data KW - camera traps KW - detection bias KW - mark-resight KW - population estimation KW - Procyon lotor KW - raccoon ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aerosolization of a Human Norovirus Surrogate, Bacteriophage MS2, during Simulated Vomiting AU - Tung-Thompson, Grace AU - Libera, Dominic A. AU - Koch, Kenneth L. AU - Reyes, Francis L., III AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Human noroviruses (NoV) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Epidemiological studies of outbreaks have suggested that vomiting facilitates transmission of human NoV, but there have been no laboratory-based studies characterizing the degree of NoV release during a vomiting event. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate that virus aerosolization occurs in a simulated vomiting event, and to estimate the amount of virus that is released in those aerosols. A simulated vomiting device was constructed at one-quarter scale of the human body following similitude principles. Simulated vomitus matrices at low (6.24 mPa*s) and high (177.5 mPa*s) viscosities were inoculated with low (108 PFU/mL) and high (1010 PFU/mL) concentrations of bacteriophage MS2 and placed in the artificial “stomach” of the device, which was then subjected to scaled physiologically relevant pressures associated with vomiting. Bio aerosols were captured using an SKC Biosampler. In low viscosity artificial vomitus, there were notable differences between recovered aerosolized MS2 as a function of pressure (i.e., greater aerosolization with increased pressure), although this was not always statistically significant. This relationship disappeared when using high viscosity simulated vomitus. The amount of MS2 aerosolized as a percent of total virus “vomited” ranged from 7.2 x 10-5 to 2.67 x 10-2 (which corresponded to a range of 36 to 13,350 PFU total). To our knowledge, this is the first study to document and measure aerosolization of a NoV surrogate in a similitude-based physical model. This has implications for better understanding the transmission dynamics of human NoV and for risk modeling purposes, both of which can help in designing effective infection control measures. DA - 2015/8/19/ PY - 2015/8/19/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0134277 VL - 10 IS - 8 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - "I had a professor who said if octopuses ever evolved into terrestrial creatures, they'd rule the world" AU - Lewbart, G. T2 - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// VL - 247 IS - 2 SP - 126-128 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mechanisms of Egg Yolk Formation and Implications on Early Life History of White Perch (Morone americana) AU - Schilling, Justin AU - Loziuk, Philip L. AU - Muddiman, David C. AU - Daniels, Harry V. AU - Reading, Benjamin J. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - The three white perch (Morone americana) vitellogenins (VtgAa, VtgAb, VtgC) were quantified accurately and precisely in the liver, plasma, and ovary during pre-, early-, mid-, and post-vitellogenic oocyte growth using protein cleavage-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (PC-IDMS). Western blotting generally mirrored the PC-IDMS results. By PC-IDMS, VtgC was quantifiable in pre-vitellogenic ovary tissues and VtgAb was quantifiable in pre-vitellogenic liver tissues however, neither protein was detected by western blotting in these respective tissues at this time point. Immunohistochemistry indicated that VtgC was present within pre-vitellogenic oocytes and localized to lipid droplets within vitellogenic oocytes. Affinity purification coupled to tandem mass spectrometry using highly purified VtgC as a bait protein revealed a single specific interacting protein (Y-box binding protein 2a-like [Ybx2a-like]) that eluted with suramin buffer and confirmed that VtgC does not bind the ovary vitellogenin receptors (LR8 and Lrp13). Western blotting for LR8 and Lrp13 showed that both receptors were expressed during vitellogenesis with LR8 and Lrp13 expression highest in early- and mid-vitellogenesis, respectively. The VtgAa within the ovary peaked during post-vitellogenesis, while VtgAb peaked during early-vitellogenesis in both white perch and the closely related striped bass (M. saxatilis). The VtgC was steadily accumulated by oocytes beginning during pre-vitellogenesis and continued until post-vitellogenesis and its composition varies widely between striped bass and white perch. In striped bass, the VtgC accounted for 26% of the vitellogenin-derived egg yolk, however in the white perch it comprised only 4%. Striped bass larvae have an extended developmental window and these larvae have yolk stores that may enable them to survive in the absence of food for twice as long as white perch after hatch. Thus, the VtgC may play an integral role in providing nutrients to late stage fish larvae prior to the onset of exogenous feeding and its composition in the egg yolk may relate to different early life histories among this diverse group of animals. DA - 2015/11/18/ PY - 2015/11/18/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0143225 VL - 10 IS - 11 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interactions of different sodium and potassium concentrations on Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) offspring quality parameters AU - Tavabe, Kamran Rezaei AU - Rafiee, Gholamreza AU - Frinsko, Michael AU - Daniels, Harry T2 - AQUACULTURE RESEARCH AB - The present study evaluated various sodium and potassium concentrations in hatchery water to determine which proportions would be optimal for Macrobrachium rosenbergii larviculture. Using a closed RAS system (60-L), experiments were conducted in two stages. In the first stage, larval quality parameters were compared among triplicate treatments of sodium (2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg L−1) and potassium (100, 150, 200 and 250 mg L−1). During the second stage, these same parameters were compared from interactions of the two best concentrations determined in the first stage. Initial larval density was fixed at 100 larvae L−1 and larval quality parameters such as larval stage index (LSI), larval condition index (LCI), larvae dry weight, survival (%), LC50-24 h for formalin stress and time of the first postlarvae (PL) appearance were measured. Results showed that during the early larval period time LSI, LCI and survival parameters were affected only by potassium and the interaction with sodium was not significant. At a later period of the larval development, interactions between both sodium and potassium were measurable for LSI (P < 0.05) while the interactions on LCI and survival were not significant. Measurable differences among the combined treatments 4000 mg L−1 sodium and 150 mg L−1 potassium resulted in the best performance for M. rosenbergii larviculture. This concentration also provided the highest final survival to PL metamorphosis (40.6 ± 2.5%) which was at least 10% higher than the other treatments. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015/11// DO - 10.1111/are.12414 VL - 46 IS - 11 SP - 2615-2627 SN - 1365-2109 KW - Macrobrachium rosenbergii KW - larval condition index KW - larval stage index KW - sodium KW - potassium ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fructosamine: An Alternative to Serum Glucose Measurement in White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) AU - DePerno, Christopher S. AU - Chitwood, M. Colter AU - Kennedy-Stoskopf, Suzanne AU - Jenks, Jonathan A. T2 - JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES AB - We determined the relationship between fructosamine and serum glucose in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) harvested during two seasonally stressful periods for deer in coastal North Carolina, US: July 2008 represented the postparturition and lactation period, and March 2009 represented the late winter and pre-green-up period. Serum glucose and fructosamine concentrations were similar between time periods but were uncorrelated within each season. However, when serum glucose was separated into high and low categories based on the median blood glucose score within each time period, we detected statistically significant differences between July and March for serum glucose. Fructosamine was more stable than serum glucose for evaluating the white-tailed deer physiologic condition. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015/10// DO - 10.7589/2014-07-182 VL - 51 IS - 4 SP - 876-879 SN - 1943-3700 KW - Blood KW - fructosamine KW - nutritional condition KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - serum glucose KW - white-tailed deer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating Sturgeon Abundance in the Carolinas Using Side-Scan Sonar AU - Flowers, H. Jared AU - Hightower, Joseph E. T2 - MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES AB - Abstract Sturgeons (Acipenseridae) are one of the most threatened taxa worldwide, including species in North Carolina and South Carolina. Populations of Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus in the Carolinas have been significantly reduced from historical levels by a combination of intense fishing and habitat loss. There is a need for estimates of current abundance, to describe status, and for estimates of historical abundance in order to provide realistic recovery goals. In this study we used N ‐mixture and distance models with data acquired from side‐scan sonar surveys to estimate abundance of sturgeon in six major sturgeon rivers in North Carolina and South Carolina. Estimated abundances of sturgeon greater than 1 m TL in the Carolina distinct population segment (DPS) were 2,031 using the count model and 1,912 via the distance model. The Pee Dee River had the highest overall abundance of any river at 1,944 (count model) or 1,823 (distance model). These estimates do not account for sturgeon less than 1 m TL or occurring in riverine reaches not surveyed or in marine waters. Comparing the two models, the N ‐mixture model produced similar estimates using less data than the distance model with only a slight reduction of estimated precision. Received May 3, 2014; accepted October 14, 2014 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1080/19425120.2014.982334 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 1-9 SN - 1942-5120 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Water Hardness and Calcium: Magnesium Ratios on Reproductive Performance and Offspring Quality of Macrobrachium rosenbergii AU - Tavabe, Kamran Rezaei AU - Rafiee, Gholamreza AU - Shoeiry, Mohammad Mehdi AU - Houshmandi, Shadab AU - Frinsko, Michael AU - Daniels, Harry T2 - JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY AB - Abstract This study evaluated the effect of specific calcium and magnesium ratios at two hardness values on reproductive performance and offspring quality of Macrobrachium rosenbergii brood‐females. Hatchery water containing 110.5 mg/L CaCO3 hardness was considered baseline as it has been used successfully to hatch and rear larvae and was used as the control treatment. At each hardness value of 150 and 190 mg/L CaCO 3 , four experimental water treatments were made in triplicate. Each treatment was adjusted using soluble salts ( CaCl 2 · H 2 O , MgSO 4 · 7H 2 O , and MgCl 2 · 6H 2 O ) to provide the hardness and calcium to magnesium ratios of 0:20, 20:80, 50:50, and 80:20 needed. Each of the experimental tanks (140 L) were stocked with six females and one male. The results indicated that both hardness and Ca:Mg ratios affect brood‐female reproductive qualitative parameters such as intermolt period, egg hatchability, egg dry weight, and egg‐clutch somatic index ( ESI ) parameters ( P < 0.05) but not fecundity and eggs per spawn. The results revealed that brood‐females at 150 mg/L hardness showed greater reproductive performance than at 190 and 110.5 mg/L hardness. The findings also demonstrated that the treatment 50Ca50Mg at 150 mg/L hardness with 38.8 mg/L calcium and 12.9 mg/L magnesium had optimum reproductive performance and offspring quality for M. rosenbergii brood‐females. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015/10// DO - 10.1111/jwas.12217 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 519-530 SN - 1749-7345 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Derivation of a wave-state-dependent sea spray generation function and its application in estimating sea spray heat flux AU - Bin, Liu AU - ChangLong, Guan AU - Lian, Xie AU - DongLiang, Zhao T2 - SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015/10// DO - 10.1007/s11430-015-5169-4 VL - 58 IS - 10 SP - 1862-1871 SN - 1869-1897 KW - wave state KW - sea spray KW - sea spray generation function KW - air-sea heat flux ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coastal Migration and Homing of Roanoke River Striped Bass AU - Callihan, Jody L. AU - Harris, Julianne E. AU - Hightower, Joseph E. T2 - MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES AB - Abstract Anadromy in Roanoke River Striped Bass Morone saxatilis has been documented; however, the specifics of the ocean migration and the degree of homing in this population remain unstudied and would greatly benefit the management of this economically important species. To this end, we telemetered and released 19 large Roanoke River Striped Bass (750–1,146 mm TL) on their spawning grounds during the springs of 2011 and 2012. Data from a large‐scale acoustic telemetry array along the U.S. Atlantic coast (480 total receivers, including the Roanoke River) were used to evaluate the seasonal migration and distribution of telemetered fish, their degree of homing and skipped spawning, their migration speeds, and the environmental drivers of migration timing. We found that large Roanoke River Striped Bass (>900 mm TL) rapidly emigrated (~59 km/d) after spawning to distant (>1,000 km) northern ocean waters (New Jersey to Massachusetts), where they spent their summers. They then migrated southward in the fall to overwintering habitats off Virginia and North Carolina and completed their migration circuit the following spring by returning to the Roanoke River to spawn. Our results showed no evidence of straying or skipped spawning, as all migrants successfully returned (homed) to the Roanoke River the next spring to spawn. Cooler ocean water temperatures in 2013 delayed the spring spawning run by nearly 3 weeks relative to a year of average spring temperatures (2012). Our study provides novel information that aids the management of Striped Bass at both small (e.g., setting of fishing seasons in the Roanoke River) and large spatial scales (e.g., stock identification of Roanoke River fish in the mixed‐stock ocean fishery) and more broadly highlights the utility of large‐scale cooperative telemetry arrays in studying fish migration. Received February 5, 2015; accepted May 27, 2015 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1080/19425120.2015.1057309 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 301-315 SN - 1942-5120 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Retrofitting with innovative stormwater control measures: Hydrologic mitigation of impervious cover in the municipal right-of-way AU - Page, Jonathan L. AU - Winston, Ryan J. AU - Mayes, Dave B. AU - Perrin, Christy AU - Hunt, William F., III T2 - JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY AB - Impervious Cover (IC) has been shown to increase runoff volumes, peak discharges and pollutant loads to streams, which leads to degraded water quality and biological integrity. Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs) have been developed to mitigate the hydrologic and water quality impacts of urban areas and IC. This paired watershed study evaluated the impacts of SCM retrofits on hydrology for a small urban drainage area. In February 2012, a bioretention cell (BRC) street retrofit, four permeable pavement parking stalls and a tree filter device were installed to control and treat residential street runoff in Wilmington, North Carolina, USA. In the SCM-Retrofit catchment, 52% of the directly connected impervious area (DCIA) and 69% of the total drainage area was retrofitted for potential hydrologic mitigation. Underlying soils in the study area were urban sands. Peak discharge significantly decreased by 28%, while lag times in the catchment remained unchanged. Runoff depth significantly decreased by 52%. When compared to the control catchment, runoff depths in the SCM-Retrofit catchment were significantly less for events with low hourly rainfall intensities (<2.7 mm/h), but significantly greater for events with high intensities (>7.4 mm/h). During post-retrofit monitoring, runoff thresholds in the SCM-Retrofit and control catchments were 5.2 mm and 3.5 mm, respectively. The SCM-Retrofit runoff coefficient decreased from 0.38 to 0.18 and was substantially less than other runoff coefficients reported in the literature for conventional residential development. This study illustrated how a limited number of SCM retrofits installed within the public right-of-way can mitigate some of the hydrologic impacts of existing residential development. DA - 2015/8// PY - 2015/8// DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.04.046 VL - 527 SP - 923-932 SN - 1879-2707 KW - Stormwater control measures KW - Urban runoff KW - Impervious cover KW - DCIA KW - Right-of-way KW - Green street ER - TY - JOUR TI - Predictability of the Loop Current Variation and Eddy Shedding Process in the Gulf of Mexico Using an Artificial Neural Network Approach AU - Zeng, Xiangming AU - Li, Yizhen AU - He, Ruoying T2 - JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY AB - Abstract A novel approach based on an artificial neural network was used to forecast sea surface height (SSH) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) in order to predict Loop Current variation and its eddy shedding process. The empirical orthogonal function analysis method was applied to decompose long-term satellite-observed SSH into spatial patterns (EOFs) and time-dependent principal components (PCs). The nonlinear autoregressive network was then developed to predict major PCs of the GoM SSH in the future. The prediction of SSH in the GoM was constructed by multiplying the EOFs and predicted PCs. Model sensitivity experiments were conducted to determine the optimal number of PCs. Validations against independent satellite observations indicate that the neural network–based model can reliably predict Loop Current variations and its eddy shedding process for a 4-week period. In some cases, an accurate forecast for 5–6 weeks is possible. DA - 2015/5// PY - 2015/5// DO - 10.1175/jtech-d-14-00176.1 VL - 32 IS - 5 SP - 1098-1111 SN - 1520-0426 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Movement of invasive adult lionfish Pterois volitans using telemetry: importance of controls to estimate and explain variable detection probabilities AU - Bacheler, NM AU - Whitfield, PE AU - Muñoz, RC AU - Harrison, BB AU - Harms, CA AU - Buckel, CA T2 - Marine Ecology Progress Series AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 527:205-220 (2015) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11241 Movement of invasive adult lionfish Pterois volitans using telemetry: importance of controls to estimate and explain variable detection probabilities Nathan M. Bacheler1,*, Paula E. Whitfield2, Roldan C. Muñoz1, Brett B. Harrison2, Craig A. Harms3, Christine A. Buckel2 1Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA 2Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, NOAA, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA 3Department of Clinical Sciences and Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA *Corresponding author: nate.bacheler@noaa.gov ABSTRACT: The Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans has invaded western Atlantic Ocean coastal habitats over the past 2 decades and has the potential to cause major ecological changes in reef fish communities. While many aspects of lionfish ecology in their invaded range have been examined, there is a paucity of information on movements of lionfish, particularly adults. We surgically implanted ultrasonic transmitters into 25 lionfish at a natural hard bottom area off North Carolina (USA) in December 2008 and February 2009, and used an array of remote underwater receivers to monitor movements in the study area for up to 6 mo. We also affixed a control transmitter in the study area to assess changes in transmitter detection rate as a function of multiple variables, and used a generalized additive model to show that the control transmitter detection rate declined with time, increasing water temperature, and increasing wave period. Despite variable detection probabilities, we found that telemetered lionfish remaining in the study area displayed high site fidelity to areas no broader than 400 m in diameter; daily movements were nearly always <150 m. By estimating variable detection rates of transmitters and lionfish movements, we provided information that can be useful in understanding the spatial scale of lionfish impact and developing management or mitigation strategies for this invasive species. KEY WORDS: Indo-Pacific lionfish · Invasive species · Acoustic tagging · Range test · Ultrasonic transmitter · Telemetry · Movements · Receiver array Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Bacheler NM, Whitfield PE, Muñoz RC, Harrison BB, Harms CA, Buckel CA (2015) Movement of invasive adult lionfish Pterois volitans using telemetry: importance of controls to estimate and explain variable detection probabilities. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 527:205-220. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11241 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 527. Online publication date: May 07, 2015 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2015 Inter-Research. DA - 2015/5/7/ PY - 2015/5/7/ DO - 10.3354/meps11241 VL - 527 SP - 205-220 J2 - Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. LA - en OP - SN - 0171-8630 1616-1599 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps11241 DB - Crossref KW - Indo-Pacific lionfish KW - Invasive species KW - Acoustic tagging KW - Range test KW - Ultrasonic transmitter KW - Telemetry KW - Movements KW - Receiver array ER - TY - JOUR TI - Human Norovirus as a Foodborne Pathogen: Challenges and Developments AU - Moore, Matthew D. AU - Goulter, Rebecca M. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 6 AB - Human noroviruses (NoVs) are the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, and they exact a considerable human and economic burden worldwide. In fact, the many challenging aspects of human NoV have caused some to call it the nearly perfect foodborne pathogen. In this review, a brief overview of NoVs and their genetic structure is provided. Additionally, the challenges and recent developments related to human NoVs regarding viral evolution, transmission, epidemiology, outbreak identification, cultivation, animal and human models, and detection are presented. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015643 VL - 6 SP - 411-433 SN - 1941-1413 KW - epidemiology KW - detection KW - evolution KW - cell culture KW - infectivity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deep-water seed populations for red tide blooms in the Gulf of Mexico AU - Waters, Linda G. AU - Wolcott, Thomas G. AU - Kamykowski, Dan AU - Sinclair, Geoff T2 - MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES AB - MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 529:1-16 (2015) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11272 FEATURE ARTICLE Deep-water seed populations for red tide blooms in the Gulf of Mexico Linda G. Waters1,2,*, Thomas G. Wolcott1, Dan Kamykowski1, Geoff Sinclair1,3 1North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA 2Present address: Instituto Oceanografico, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil 3Present address: US Environmental Protection Agency, Crystal City, VA 22202, USA *Corresponding author: lindagwen@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Populations of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis that remain near the benthos in deep shelf water in the Gulf of Mexico could be the source for toxic bloom occurrences near shore. A biophysical dynamic simulation model and migrating drifters were used to assess whether such ‘seed populations’ could persist in nature. The vertical migration responses of plankton to an exclusively benthic nutrient source and light limitation would result in near-benthic behavioral trapping of a slowly growing population in conditions found on the West Florida Shelf (WFS). The model indicated that for a 50 m deep bottom, a 2-m-thick layer of ≥2 µmol NO3–/NO2– fluxing from the benthos was the minimum needed to permit growth for dark-adapted K. brevis in an oligotrophic water column. Growth rates depended more on the duration of exposure to nutrients than on concentration; a 1-m-thick nutrient layer sustained minimum growth levels independently of the nutrient distribution at depths ≤40 m. Field experiments using Autonomous Behaving Lagrangian Explorer drifters (ABLEs) that exhibited biomimetic vertical migration responses to the external environment demonstrated a benthically-oriented movement pattern in response to natural light and cues correlated with elevated near-benthic nutrients. Average measurements of nutrients and light from the bottom 2 m of the water column in a potential bloom-forming region of the WFS were higher than the model-generated requirements for growth, suggesting that coastal nutrient distributions could support a benthic population offshore. Under upwelling conditions, such populations could be advected inshore to frontal convergence zones and form toxic ‘red tide’ blooms. KEY WORDS: Harmful algal blooms · Benthic orientation · Karenia brevis · Nutrient limitation · Biomimetic · Lagrangian drifter Full text in pdf format Information about this Feature Article NextCite this article as: Waters LG, Wolcott TG, Kamykowski D, Sinclair G (2015) Deep-water seed populations for red tide blooms in the Gulf of Mexico. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 529:1-16. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11272 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 529. Online publication date: June 08, 2015 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2015 Inter-Research. DA - 2015/6/8/ PY - 2015/6/8/ DO - 10.3354/meps11272 VL - 529 SP - 1-16 SN - 1616-1599 KW - Harmful algal blooms KW - Benthic orientation KW - Karenia brevis KW - Nutrient limitation KW - Biomimetic KW - Lagrangian drifter ER - TY - JOUR TI - Combining Split-Beam and Dual-Frequency Identification Sonars to Estimate Abundance of Anadromous Fishes in the Roanoke River, North Carolina AU - Hughes, Jacob B. AU - Hightower, Joseph E. T2 - NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AB - Abstract Riverine hydroacoustic techniques are an effective method for evaluating abundance of upstream migrating anadromous fishes. To use these methods in the Roanoke River, North Carolina, at a wide site with uneven bottom topography, we used a combination of split‐beam sonar and dual‐frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) deployments. We aimed a split‐beam sonar horizontally to monitor midchannel and near‐bottom zones continuously over the 3‐month spring monitoring periods in 2010 and 2011. The DIDSON was rotated between seven cross‐channel locations (using a vertical aim) and nearshore regions (using horizontal aims). Vertical deployment addressed blind spots in split‐beam coverage along the bottom and provided reliable information about the cross‐channel and vertical distributions of upstream migrants. Using a Bayesian framework, we modeled sonar counts within four cross‐channel strata and apportioned counts by species using species proportions from boat electrofishing and gill netting. Modeled estimates (95% credible intervals [CIs]) of total upstream migrants in 2010 and 2011 were 2.5 million (95% CI, 2.4–2.6 million) and 3.6 million (95% CI, 3.4–3.9 million), respectively. Results indicated that upstream migrants are extremely shore‐ and bottom‐oriented, suggesting nearshore DIDSON monitoring improved the accuracy and precision of our estimates. This monitoring protocol and model may be widely applicable to river systems regardless of their cross‐sectional width or profile. Received July 16, 2014; accepted November 21, 2014 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1080/02755947.2014.992558 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 229-240 SN - 1548-8675 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Understanding ocean acidification impacts on organismal to ecological scales AU - Andersson, A. J. AU - Kline, D. I. AU - Edmunds, P. J. AU - Archer, S. D. AU - Bednarsek, N. AU - Carpenter, R. C. AU - Chadsey, M. AU - Goldstein, P. AU - Grottoli, A. G. AU - Hurst, T. P. AU - King, A. L. AU - Kubler, J. E. AU - Kuffner, I. B. AU - Mackey, K. R. M. AU - Menge, B. A. AU - Paytan, A. T2 - Oceanography AB - Ocean acidification (OA) research seeks to understand how marine ecosystems and global elemental cycles will respond to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry in combination with other environmental perturbations such as warming, eutrophication, and deoxygenation. Here, we discuss the effectiveness and limitations of current research approaches used to address this goal. A diverse combination of approaches is essential to decipher the consequences of OA to marine organisms, communities, and ecosystems. Consequently, the benefits and limitations of each approach must be considered carefully. Major research challenges involve experimentally addressing the effects of OA in the context of large natural variability in seawater carbonate system parameters and other interactive variables, integrating the results from different research approaches, and scaling results across different temporal and spatial scales. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2015.27 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 16–27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Timing and route of migration of mature female blue crabs in a tidal estuary AU - Eggleston, David AU - Millstein, E. AU - Plaia, G. T2 - Biology Letters AB - Information on migration patterns is critical to using no-take migratory corridors and marine reserves to protect the spawning stock of commercially exploited species. Both active and passive acoustic tracking methods quantified movement of commercially and ecologically important blue crabs in the White Oak River estuary, NC, USA. We targeted post-mating female crabs migrating down-estuary to oceanic spawning grounds. Crabs travelled approximately 14.1 km mainly in deeper channels and over 12–26 days from mating areas to spawning grounds. No crabs were detected migrating down-estuary in the autumn and only 30% were detected migrating down-estuary in spring. None of the crabs detected near spawning grounds were detected or recaptured back up-estuary, suggesting that they either (i) do not return to the estuary after a one to two week period in the spawning area or (ii) were captured by fishermen. The results from this study demonstrate that (1) acoustic transmitters coupled with passive acoustic receivers provided reliable and valuable data on migration patterns of mature female blue crabs and (2) mature female blue crabs are capable of migrating primarily within deep channels to spawning grounds shortly after insemination. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0936 VL - 11 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The fate of siderophores: antagonistic environmental interactions in exudate-mediated micronutrient uptake AU - Harrington, James M. AU - Duckworth, Owen W. AU - Haselwandter, Kurt T2 - BIOMETALS DA - 2015/6// PY - 2015/6// DO - 10.1007/s10534-015-9821-4 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 461-472 SN - 1572-8773 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84939962296&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Siderophores KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Iron acquisition KW - Rhizosphere KW - Micronutrient uptake ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spaceborne observations of the lidar ratio of marine aerosols AU - Dawson, K. W. AU - Meskhidze, N. AU - Josset, D. AU - Gasso, S. T2 - ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS AB - Abstract. Retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite sensor require the assumption of the extinction-to-backscatter ratio, also known as the lidar ratio. This paper evaluates a new method to calculate the lidar ratio of marine aerosols using two independent sources: the AOD from the Synergized Optical Depth of Aerosols (SODA) project and the integrated attenuated backscatter from CALIOP. With this method, the particulate lidar ratio can be derived for individual CALIOP retrievals in single aerosol layer, cloud-free columns over the ocean. Global analyses are carried out using CALIOP level 2, 5 km marine aerosol layer products and the collocated SODA nighttime data from December 2007 to November 2010. The global mean lidar ratio for marine aerosols was found to be 26 sr, roughly 30% higher than the current value prescribed by the CALIOP standard retrieval algorithm. Data analysis also showed considerable spatiotemporal variability in the calculated lidar ratio over the remote oceans. The calculated marine aerosol lidar ratio is found to vary with the mean ocean surface wind speed (U10). An increase in U10 reduces the mean lidar ratio for marine regions from 32 ± 17 sr (for 0 < U10 < 4 m s−1) to 22 ± 7 sr (for U10 > 15 m s−1). Such changes in the lidar ratio are expected to have a corresponding effect on the marine AOD from CALIOP. The outcomes of this study are relevant for future improvements of the SODA and CALIOP operational product and could lead to more accurate retrievals of marine AOD. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.5194/acp-15-3241-2015 VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 3241-3255 SN - 1680-7324 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regional Climate Change: Downscaling, Prediction, and Impact Assessment AU - Xie, Lian AU - Semazzi, Fredrick AU - Hanna, Adel AU - Anyah, Richard AU - Gao, Huiwang AU - He, Yijun T2 - ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY AB - Although the issue of climate change is often dealt with in global perspective, the impact of climate change must be assessed at regional scales. While global climate models can provide projections of the average state of large-scale circulation of future climate, the downscaling of such projections to regional scale with improved spatial and temporal resolution for both the forcing fields and the climatic responses is the basis for assessing the societal impacts of climate change. Therefore, it is important to not only study climate change at the global scale but also study the regional manifestations of the climate system at spatial scales ranging from less than a hundred kilometers to thousands of kilometers with time scales from months to years to decades. This special issue publishes a collection of articles covering a wide range of topics of our understanding of “regional climate” from downscaling the variability of extreme rainfall over the Yangtze River basin (T. Gao and L. Xie) and assessing the water resources in the Yellow River region (Z. Wu et al.) in China to forecasting the precipitation and water resources in the Lake Victoria region in East Africa (X. Sun et al., R. Argent et al., and K. A. Smith and F. H. M. Semazzi), from downscaling wind energy resources in the contiguous United States (B. Liu et al.) to characterizing the precipitation extremes in the Carpathian region in central and southern Europe (L. Gaal et al.), and from analyzing the energy balance in semiarid grasslands in China (Q. Jiang et al.) to detecting future climate change signals in central and eastern Europe from numerical model simulations (M. Belda et al.). This special issue also includes articles addressing the impacts of regional climate change on tropical cyclones over the Atlantic Ocean (K. Xie and B. Liu), on crop yields in North China (H. Liu et al.), and on litter production and nutrient dynamics in a plantation in China (X. Ge et al.), as well as rainfall and drought in Eastern Kenya (M. O. Kisaka et al.). Additionally, several articles with focus on regional climate downscaling methodologies are also included. S. Kim et al. studied the effects of geographic features in a mountainous area on the downscaling of global climate model data; T. R. Lee et al. demonstrated the feasibility of using PRISM (parameterelevation regression on independent slope model) to downscale maximum temperature to subkilometer scale; L. Gao et al. applied the LASSO algorithm to statistically downscale the ERA-interim precipitation forecast over complex terrain; and K.-H. Min and W.-Y. Sun explored the application of an atmosphere-cryosphere coupledmodel in regional climate applications. These articles reflect the recent advances and applications in “regional climate downscaling, prediction, and impact assessment” from a set of unique angles. We hope they are of interest to peers. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1155/2015/290281 VL - 2015 SP - SN - 1687-9317 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrating Free and Open Source Solutions into Geospatial Science Education AU - Petras, Vaclav AU - Petrasova, Anna AU - Harmon, Brendan AU - Meentemeyer, Ross K. AU - Mitasova, Helena T2 - ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION AB - While free and open source software becomes increasingly important in geospatial research and industry, open science perspectives are generally less reflected in universities’ educational programs. We present an example of how free and open source software can be incorporated into geospatial education to promote open and reproducible science. Since 2008 graduate students at North Carolina State University have the opportunity to take a course on geospatial modeling and analysis that is taught with both proprietary and free and open source software. In this course, students perform geospatial tasks simultaneously in the proprietary package ArcGIS and the free and open source package GRASS GIS. By ensuring that students learn to distinguish between geospatial concepts and software specifics, students become more flexible and stronger spatial thinkers when choosing solutions for their independent work in the future. We also discuss ways to continually update and improve our publicly available teaching materials for reuse by teachers, self-learners and other members of the GIS community. Only when free and open source software is fully integrated into geospatial education, we will be able to encourage a culture of openness and, thus, enable greater reproducibility in research and development applications. DA - 2015/6// PY - 2015/6// DO - 10.3390/ijgi4020942 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 942-956 SN - 2220-9964 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84948970902&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - online course KW - GRASS GIS KW - ArcGIS KW - FOSS KW - geospatial modeling KW - visualization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growth performance, survival and body composition of southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma larvae fed different formulated microdiets AU - Alam, Md Shah AU - Watanabe, Wade O. AU - Rezek, Troy C. AU - Myers, Amanda R. AU - Carroll, Patrick M. AU - Daniels, Harry V. T2 - AQUACULTURE RESEARCH AB - Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of micro-bound diets (MBD) on southern flounder larvae. In experiment 1, four MBDs were formulated with different protein sources as follows: MBD 1: herring meal, MBD 2: menhaden meal, MBD 3: menhaden and squid meal; MBD 4: menhaden, squid and herring meal. In experiment 2, four MBDs were formulated as follows: MBD 5: menhaden, squid and herring meal; MBD 6: menhaden, squid, herring and attractants; MBD 7: menhaden, squid, herring and casein, and MBD 8: menhaden, squid, herring, casein and attractants. In experiment 3, three groups were maintained as follows: Group 1: live feed; Group 2: co-fed with MBD 6; and Group 3: MBD 6. In experiment 1 on 35 dph, survival and body weight (BW) of the fish fed MBD 4 was significantly higher than the MBDs 1 and 2. In experiment 2 on 34 dph, fish fed MBD 6 had significantly higher BW than the commercial microdiets. In experiment 3 on 21 dph, fish receiving only MBD had significantly lower survival than the other groups. Growth, survival and larval fatty acid composition suggested that co-feeding MBD 6, a mixture of marine protein sources plus attractants was more effective than the other MBDs. DA - 2015/8// PY - 2015/8// DO - 10.1111/are.12347 VL - 46 IS - 8 SP - 1924-1936 SN - 1365-2109 KW - live feed KW - co-feeding KW - microdiets KW - southern flounder KW - larvae ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of Lake Surface Temperature on the Spatial Distribution and Intensity of the Precipitation over the Lake Victoria Basin AU - Sun, Xia AU - Xie, Lian AU - Semazzi, Fredrick AU - Liu, Bin T2 - MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW AB - Abstract A series of sensitivity experiments are performed to investigate the response of precipitation over the Lake Victoria basin (LVB) to the changes of lake surface temperature (LST) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. It is shown that the default LST initialized from NCEP FNL (Final) Operational Global Analysis is deficient for simulating the rainfall over the LVB. Comparative experiments demonstrate the unambiguous impact of LST on the intensity and pattern of the precipitation over LVB. Intensification/weakening of precipitation over the lake occur with increasing/decreasing LST for both uniform and asymmetrical LST distribution. However, the relationship between rainfall anomalies and LST variations is nonlinear. Replacing the LST directly derived from global weather forecast models by the mean area-averaged LST of Lake Victoria (approximately 24°C) leads to improved rainfall simulation. However, LST with realistic cross-basin gradient is necessary to obtain a rainfall pattern consistent with the observations. The fact that rainfall and wind patterns over the lake are sensitive to LST distribution suggests the need to monitor the mesoscale LST pattern for accurate weather and climate prediction over LVB. It is also found that although the LST distribution exerts significant impact on the observed rainfall pattern, the area and location of the rainband are quite persistent under different LST forcing. This suggests that although the details of the rainfall pattern over LVB are strongly influenced by LST, the broad rainfall pattern is likely controlled by the atmospheric circulation and orography in the region. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1175/mwr-d-14-00049.1 VL - 143 IS - 4 SP - 1179-1192 SN - 1520-0493 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Destruction of the Capsid and Genome of GII.4 Human Norovirus Occurs during Exposure to Metal Alloys Containing Copper AU - Manuel, C. S. AU - Moore, M. D. AU - Jaykus, L. A. T2 - APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AB - Human norovirus (HuNoV) represents a significant public health burden worldwide and can be environmentally transmitted. Copper surfaces have been shown to inactivate the cultivable surrogate murine norovirus, but no such data exist for HuNoV. The purpose of this study was to characterize the destruction of GII.4 HuNoV and virus-like particles (VLPs) during exposure to copper alloy surfaces. Fecal suspensions positive for a GII.4 HuNoV outbreak strain or GII.4 VLPs were exposed to copper alloys or stainless steel for 0 to 240 min and recovered by elution. HuNoV genome integrity was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) (without RNase treatment), and capsid integrity was assessed by RT-qPCR (with RNase treatment), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SDS-PAGE/Western blot analysis, and a histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) binding assay. Exposure of fecal suspensions to pure copper for 60 min reduced the GII.4 HuNoV RNA copy number by ∼3 log10 units when analyzed by RT-qPCR without RNase treatment and by 4 log10 units when a prior RNase treatment was used. The rate of reduction of the HuNoV RNA copy number was approximately proportional to the percentage of copper in each alloy. Exposure of GII.4 HuNoV VLPs to pure-copper surfaces resulted in noticeable aggregation and destruction within 240 min, an 80% reduction in the VP1 major capsid protein band intensity in 15 min, and a near-complete loss of HBGA receptor binding within 8 min. In all experiments, HuNoV remained stable on stainless steel. These results suggest that copper surfaces destroy HuNoV and may be useful in preventing environmental transmission of the virus in at-risk settings. DA - 2015/8// PY - 2015/8// DO - 10.1128/aem.00388-15 VL - 81 IS - 15 SP - 4940-4946 SN - 1098-5336 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Decadal simulation and comprehensive evaluation of CESM/CAM5.1 with advanced chemistry, aerosol microphysics, and aerosol-cloud interactions AU - He, Jian AU - Zhang, Yang AU - Glotfelty, Tim AU - He, Ruoying AU - Bennartz, Ralf AU - Rausch, John AU - Sartelet, Karine T2 - JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS AB - Abstract Earth system models have been used for climate predictions in recent years due to their capabilities to include biogeochemical cycles, human impacts, as well as coupled and interactive representations of Earth system components (e.g., atmosphere, ocean, land, and sea ice). In this work, the Community Earth System Model (CESM) with advanced chemistry and aerosol treatments, referred to as CESM‐NCSU, is applied for decadal (2001–2010) global climate predictions. A comprehensive evaluation is performed focusing on the atmospheric component—the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1 (CAM5.1) by comparing simulation results with observations/reanalysis data and CESM ensemble simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). The improved model can predict most meteorological and radiative variables relatively well with normalized mean biases (NMBs) of −14.1 to −9.7% and 0.7–10.8%, respectively, although temperature at 2 m (T2) is slightly underpredicted. Cloud variables such as cloud fraction (CF) and precipitating water vapor (PWV) are well predicted, with NMBs of −10.5 to 0.4%, whereas cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), cloud liquid water path (LWP), and cloud optical thickness (COT) are moderately‐to‐largely underpredicted, with NMBs of −82.2 to −31.2%, and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) is overpredictd by 26.7%. These biases indicate the limitations and uncertainties associated with cloud microphysics (e.g., resolved clouds and subgrid‐scale cumulus clouds). Chemical concentrations over the continental U.S. (CONUS) (e.g., , Cl − , OC, and PM 2.5 ) are reasonably well predicted with NMBs of −12.8 to −1.18%. Concentrations of SO 2 , , and PM 10 are also reasonably well predicted over Europe with NMBs of −20.8 to −5.2%, so are predictions of SO 2 concentrations over the East Asia with an NMB of −18.2%, and the tropospheric ozone residual (TOR) over the globe with an NMB of −3.5%. Most meteorological and radiative variables predicted by CESM‐NCSU agree well overall with those predicted by CESM‐CMIP5. The performance of LWP and AOD predicted by CESM‐NCSU is better than that of CESM‐CMIP5 in terms of model bias and correlation coefficients. Large biases for some chemical predictions can be attributed to uncertainties in the emissions of precursor gases (e.g., SO 2 , NH 3 , and NO x ) and primary aerosols (black carbon and primary organic matter) as well as uncertainties in formulations of some model components (e.g., online dust and sea‐salt emissions, secondary organic aerosol formation, and cloud microphysics). Comparisons of CESM simulation with baseline emissions and 20% of anthropogenic emissions from the baseline emissions indicate that anthropogenic gas and aerosol species can decrease downwelling shortwave radiation (FSDS) by 4.7 W m −2 (or by 2.9%) and increase SWCF by 3.2 W m −2 (or by 3.1%) in the global mean. DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// DO - 10.1002/2014ms000360 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 110-141 SN - 1942-2466 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Connectivity in the Intra-American Seas and implications for potential larval transport AU - Qian, H. AU - Li, Y. AU - He, R. AU - Eggleston, D. B. T2 - Coral Reefs DA - 2015/6// PY - 2015/6// DO - 10.1007/s00338-014-1244-0 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 403–417 SN - 0722-4028 1432-0975 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S00338-014-1244-0 KW - Intra-American Sea KW - Connectivity KW - Large-scale circulation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Associations between Weather and Microbial Load on Fresh Produce Prior to Harvest AU - Ward, Michelle AU - Dhingra, Radhika AU - Remais, Justin V. AU - Chang, Howard H. AU - Johnston, Lynette M. AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Leon, Juan T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION AB - Contaminated produce causes approximately 1 million cases of foodborne illness and 1 billion dollars in damages to the U.S. economy annually. The environmental conditions, especially weather, that influence the inoculation, proliferation, and dispersal of microbial load on produce are not well understood. Using a mixed models approach, we examined the relationship of temperature and precipitation to microbial indicators of contamination on fresh produce on the farm over a week-long period prior to harvest. Between 2000 and 2002, we assayed for four microbial indicators of contamination (aerobic plate count, Enterococcus, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli) on 10 produce types in 15 fields in the southern United States. The sample collection times varied, with most occurring between January and May. We collected hourly weather data for the corresponding time period and location. Our results indicated that there was a significant association between the average daily temperature (20°C) and both log aerobic plate count (e.g., an increase of 0.074 log CFU/g [standard error {SE}, 0.023] per °C increase in weekly average temperature) and log Enterococcus (e.g., an increase of 0.15 log CFU/g [SE, 0.031] per °C increase in weekly average temperature) for approximately 5 days prior to sample collection. Daily total precipitation was significantly associated with log coliforms on 2 days (∼0.11 log CFU/g [SE, 0.06] per mm of precipitation) during the week-long lag period prior to harvest. Our results suggest that microbial indicator concentrations may increase as the temperature increases. Precipitation may have a positive but complex relationship with microbial indicators, as precipitation may create moist conditions conducive to bacterial growth, spread contamination onto the field, or wash contamination off of the plant. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-381 VL - 78 IS - 4 SP - 849-854 SN - 1944-9097 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The dynamic reference frame of rivers and apparent transience in incision rates AU - Gallen, Sean F. AU - Pazzaglia, Frank J. AU - Wegmann, Karl W. AU - Pederson, Joel L. AU - Gardner, Thomas W. T2 - GEOLOGY AB - Research Article| July 01, 2015 The dynamic reference frame of rivers and apparent transience in incision rates Sean F. Gallen; Sean F. Gallen 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA *Current address: Geological Institute, ETH Zurich, No E 31, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Frank J. Pazzaglia; Frank J. Pazzaglia 2Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Karl W. Wegmann; Karl W. Wegmann 3Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Joel L. Pederson; Joel L. Pederson 4Department of Geology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Thomas W. Gardner Thomas W. Gardner 5Department of Geosciences, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Sean F. Gallen *Current address: Geological Institute, ETH Zurich, No E 31, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA Frank J. Pazzaglia 2Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA Karl W. Wegmann 3Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA Joel L. Pederson 4Department of Geology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA Thomas W. Gardner 5Department of Geosciences, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 09 Feb 2015 Revision Received: 28 Apr 2015 Accepted: 06 May 2015 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 © 2015 Geological Society of America Geology (2015) 43 (7): 623–626. https://doi.org/10.1130/G36692.1 Article history Received: 09 Feb 2015 Revision Received: 28 Apr 2015 Accepted: 06 May 2015 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Sean F. Gallen, Frank J. Pazzaglia, Karl W. Wegmann, Joel L. Pederson, Thomas W. Gardner; The dynamic reference frame of rivers and apparent transience in incision rates. Geology 2015;; 43 (7): 623–626. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G36692.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Incision rates derived from river terraces are commonly used to infer rock uplift rates; however, an apparent dependence of incision rate on measured time interval may confound directly relating incision to uplift. The time-dependent incision rates are a Sadler effect that have been argued to result from a stochastic distribution of hiatal intervals in river incision, potentially reducing the utility of incision records for interpreting unsteadiness in tectonic processes. Here we show that time-dependent incision rates can arise from a simple systematic bias in the distance measurement used to calculate incision rate, and thus stochastic causes are not required. We present a conceptual model that describes the dynamic history of streambed elevation over cycles of terrace formation, illustrating that measured incision rate is time dependent because the stream channel reference frame is not fixed with respect to the geoid. Because it is challenging to reconstruct the full elevation history for a river channel, most researchers use the modern streambed elevation as a reference datum, but we demonstrate that doing so imposes a bias that manifests as an apparent dependence of rate on measured time interval. Fortunately, correction of this bias is straightforward, and allows river incision data to be used in studies of tectonic or climatic unsteadiness. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.1130/g36692.1 VL - 43 IS - 7 SP - 623-626 SN - 1943-2682 UR - http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/early/2015/05/26/G36692.1.abstract ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sources and Levels of Ambient Ocean Sound near the Antarctic Peninsula AU - Dziak, Robert P. AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Stafford, Kathleen M. AU - Matsumoto, Haruyoshi AU - Park, Minkyu AU - Lee, Won Sang AU - Fowler, Matt J. AU - Lau, Tai-Kwan AU - Haxel, Joseph H. AU - Mellinger, David K. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Arrays of hydrophones were deployed within the Bransfield Strait and Scotia Sea (Antarctic Peninsula region) from 2005 to 2009 to record ambient ocean sound at frequencies of up to 125 and 500 Hz. Icequakes, which are broadband, short duration signals derived from fracturing of large free-floating icebergs, are a prominent feature of the ocean soundscape. Icequake activity peaks during austral summer and is minimum during winter, likely following freeze-thaw cycles. Iceberg grounding and rapid disintegration also releases significant acoustic energy, equivalent to large-scale geophysical events. Overall ambient sound levels can be as much as ~10–20 dB higher in the open, deep ocean of the Scotia Sea compared to the relatively shallow Bransfield Strait. Noise levels become lowest during the austral winter, as sea-ice cover suppresses wind and wave noise. Ambient noise levels are highest during austral spring and summer, as surface noise, ice cracking and biological activity intensifies. Vocalizations of blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin (B. physalus) whales also dominate the long-term spectra records in the 15–28 and 89 Hz bands. Blue whale call energy is a maximum during austral summer-fall in the Drake Passage and Bransfield Strait when ambient noise levels are a maximum and sea-ice cover is a minimum. Fin whale vocalizations were also most common during austral summer-early fall months in both the Bransfield Strait and Scotia Sea. The hydrophone data overall do not show sustained anthropogenic sources (ships and airguns), likely due to low coastal traffic and the typically rough weather and sea conditions of the Southern Ocean. DA - 2015/4/14/ PY - 2015/4/14/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0123425 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soundscape manipulation enhances larval recruitment of a reef-building mollusk AU - Lillis, Ashlee AU - Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. AU - Eggleston, David B. T2 - PEERJ AB - Marine seafloor ecosystems, and efforts to restore them, depend critically on the influx and settlement of larvae following their pelagic dispersal period. Larval dispersal and settlement patterns are driven by a combination of physical oceanography and behavioral responses of larvae to a suite of sensory cues both in the water column and at settlement sites. There is growing evidence that the biological and physical sounds associated with adult habitats (i.e., the “soundscape”) influence larval settlement and habitat selection; however, the significance of acoustic cues is rarely tested. Here we show in a field experiment that the free-swimming larvae of an estuarine invertebrate, the eastern oyster, respond to the addition of replayed habitat-related sounds. Oyster larval recruitment was significantly higher on larval collectors exposed to oyster reef sounds compared to no-sound controls. These results provide the first field evidence that soundscape cues may attract the larval settlers of a reef-building estuarine invertebrate. DA - 2015/6/4/ PY - 2015/6/4/ DO - 10.7717/peerj.999 VL - 3 SP - SN - 2167-8359 KW - Acoustic cues KW - Reef ecology KW - Larval recruitment KW - Soundscape ecology KW - Oyster KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - Settlement cue ER - TY - JOUR TI - Responses of Coastal Largemouth Bass to Episodic Hypoxia AU - Brown, Daniel T. AU - Aday, D. Derek AU - Rice, James A. T2 - TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY AB - Abstract The river systems inhabited by coastal populations of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides in North Carolina and along the Atlantic and Gulf coast regions exhibit episodic (i.e., several times per year) fluctuations in environmental conditions (e.g., dissolved oxygen [DO]). Laboratory studies have documented the effects of low DO (hypoxia) on Largemouth Bass, yet few field studies have examined these effects in open systems. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of episodic hypoxia on Largemouth Bass distribution, survival, and feeding success in an open coastal system. We collected 45 Largemouth Bass from four tributaries of the Chowan River and tagged them with acoustic transmitters. Fish movements were monitored using active tracking and passive receivers, and these data were compared with DO levels recorded in the tributaries and main‐stem Chowan River. We found that tagged Largemouth Bass exhibited avoidance behavior at DO concentrations below 1.8 mg/L, with some seeking higher DO in the main stem or near tributary mouths during hypoxic events in the tributaries. The natural mortality rate of Largemouth Bass was low compared with rates reported in other studies, indicating that Largemouth Bass in coastal systems are able to survive hypoxic events. Analysis of stomach contents collected during hypoxic and non‐hypoxic periods indicated that Largemouth Bass had less food in their stomachs under hypoxic conditions; however, the CPUE (fish/h of pedal time) of potential prey fishes was not lower during hypoxic periods relative to non‐hypoxic periods, and thus a change in foraging opportunities did not appear to drive Largemouth Bass movement. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1080/00028487.2015.1024801 VL - 144 IS - 4 SP - 655-666 SN - 1548-8659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pathways of Power: The Dynamics of National Policymaking AU - Birkland, Thomas A. AU - Kretzer, William T. T2 - AMERICAN REVIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DA - 2015/9// PY - 2015/9// DO - 10.1177/0275074015573281 VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 627-629 SN - 1552-3357 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metallophores and Trace Metal Biogeochemistry AU - Kraemer, Stephan M. AU - Duckworth, Owen W. AU - Harrington, James M. AU - Schenkeveld, Walter D. C. T2 - AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.1007/s10498-014-9246-7 VL - 21 IS - 2-4 SP - 159-195 SN - 1573-1421 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84931006609&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Metallophore KW - Siderophore KW - Trace metals KW - Nutrient uptake ER - TY - JOUR TI - Machine learning reveals sex-specific 17-estradiol-responsive expression patterns in white perch (Morone americana) plasma proteins AU - Schilling, Justin AU - Nepomuceno, Angelito I. AU - Planchart, Antonio AU - Yoder, Jeffrey A. AU - Kelly, Robert M. AU - Muddiman, David C. AU - Daniels, Harry V. AU - Hiramatsu, Naoshi AU - Reading, Benjamin J. T2 - PROTEOMICS AB - With growing abundance and awareness of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the environment, there is a need for accurate and reliable detection of EDC exposure. Our objective in the present study was to observe differences within and between the global plasma proteomes of sexually mature male and female white perch ( Morone americana ) before (Initial Control, IC) and after 17β‐estradiol (E 2 ) induction. Semiquantitative nanoLC‐MS/MS data were analyzed by machine learning support vector machines (SVMs) and by two‐way ANOVA. By ANOVA, the expression levels of 44, 77, and 57 proteins varied significantly by gender, treatment, and the interaction of gender and treatment, respectively. SVMs perfectly classified male and female perch IC and E 2 ‐induced plasma samples using the protein expression data. E 2 ‐induced male and female perch plasma proteomes contained significantly higher levels of the yolk precursors vitellogenin Aa and Ab (VtgAa, VtgAb), as well as latrophilin and seven transmembrane domain‐containing protein 1 (Eltd1) and kininogen 1 (Kng1). This is the first report that Eltd1 and Kng1 may be E 2 ‐responsive proteins in fishes and therefore may be useful indicators of estrogen induction. DA - 2015/8// PY - 2015/8// DO - 10.1002/pmic.201400606 VL - 15 IS - 15 SP - 2678-2690 SN - 1615-9861 KW - Animal proteomics KW - Endocrine disrupting compounds KW - Machine learning KW - Plasma KW - Semiquantitative proteomics KW - Support vector machines ER - TY - JOUR TI - LABORATORY EVALUATION OF SAFETY AND EFFICACY FOR MELAFIX (MELALEUCA CAJUPUTI EXTRACT) AU - Shivappa, Raghunath B. AU - Christian, Larry S. AU - Noga, Edward J. AU - Law, Jerry M. AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. T2 - JOURNAL OF EXOTIC PET MEDICINE AB - A study was performed at the North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, to assess the safety and efficacy of Melafix, an aquarium product produced by Mars Fishcare Incorporated. Studies were carried out on the goldfish (Carassius auratus), a freshwater species, and the false percula clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris), a marine fish. Animals were monitored closely and evaluated microscopically after exposure to Melafix according to the label directions for a period of 28 days. Water-quality parameters were monitored on a daily basis. The use of Melafix on goldfish and clownfish appears to be safe as no adverse effects were noted during the experimental period. The results also showed that Melafix has no effect on the water-quality parameters tested. In vitro efficacy studies were conducted by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of Melafix on various pathogens. The study revealed that Melafix had no significant bactericidal or inhibitory effect on any of the pathogens tested. This observation suggests that anecdotal benefits of Melafix are not owing to antibacterial activity. This topic requires further research and possibly an in vivo study. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.04.020 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 188-192 SN - 1931-6283 KW - Melafix KW - aquarium KW - water quality KW - goldfish KW - clownfish KW - MIC ER - TY - JOUR TI - Generation and characterization of nucleic acid aptamers targeting the capsid P domain of a human norovirus GII.4 strain AU - Moore, Matthew D. AU - Escudero-Abarca, Blanca I. AU - Suh, Soo Hwan AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AB - Human noroviruses (NoV) are the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Significant antigenic diversity of NoV strains has limited the availability of broadly reactive ligands for design of detection assays. The purpose of this work was to produce and characterize single stranded (ss)DNA aptamers with binding specificity to human NoV using an easily produced NoV target—the P domain protein. Aptamer selection was done using SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) directed against an Escherichia coli-expressed and purified epidemic NoV GII.4 strain P domain. Two of six unique aptamers (designated M1 and M6-2) were chosen for characterization. Inclusivity testing using an enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay (ELASA) against a panel of 14 virus-like particles (VLPs) showed these aptamers had broad reactivity and exhibited strong binding to GI.7, GII.2, two GII.4 strains, and GII.7 VLPs. Aptamer M6-2 exhibited at least low to moderate binding to all VLPs tested. Aptamers significantly (p < 0.05) bound virus in partially purified GII.4 New Orleans outbreak stool specimens as demonstrated by ELASA and aptamer magnetic capture (AMC) followed by RT-qPCR. This is the first demonstration of human NoV P domain protein as a functional target for the selection of nucleic acid aptamers that specifically bind and broadly recognize diverse human NoV strains. DA - 2015/9/10/ PY - 2015/9/10/ DO - 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.389 VL - 209 SP - 41-49 SN - 1873-4863 KW - SELEX KW - Aptamer KW - Norovirus KW - Molecular detection KW - Viral diagnostics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of Copper Oxide Oxidation for Quantification of Lignin in Municipal Solid Waste AU - Cruz, Florentino Banaag AU - Dittmar, Thorsten AU - Niggemann, Jutta AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Barlaz, Morton A. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE AB - The ability to quantify lignin is an important tool for characterizing the extent of decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW). Traditionally, acid insoluble Klason lignin (KL) has been used to measure lignin. However, synthetic organic materials such as plastics and rubber present in MSW interfere with the traditional KL method, resulting in artificially high measurements. Another method for lignin analysis is CuO oxidation, in which lignin is oxidatively hydrolyzed into phenolic monomers that are quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography–mass spectrography. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of CuO oxidation to measure the lignin content of MSW. The study demonstrated that analysis of lignin monomers can be simplified by skipping the ethyl acetate extraction step and that ball milling is not necessary to optimize CuO oxidation. Neither the MSW components (e.g., plastics and metals) nor extractives affected CuO oxidation. The ratio of cellulose (Cel) plus hemicellulose (H) to KL [(Cel+H)/KL] has traditionally been used as an indicator of the extent of MSW decomposition. The use of Cel plus H to the sum of CuO oxidation products of lignin (Λ8) [(Cel+H)/Λ8] exhibited a similar trend to the traditional metric. CuO analysis provided information on the presence of hardwood, softwood, and nonwoody material in buried MSW, but is not recommended as a substitute for KL analysis. DA - 2015/6/1/ PY - 2015/6/1/ DO - 10.1089/ees.2014.0402 VL - 32 IS - 6 SP - 486-496 SN - 1557-9018 KW - municipal solid waste KW - CuO oxidation KW - lignin ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of two different ozone doses on total residual oxidants, nitrogen compounds and nitrification rate in seawater recirculating systems for black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker) AU - Park, Jeonghwan AU - Kim, Pyong-Kih AU - Park, Seongdeok AU - Daniels, Harry V. T2 - AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING AB - Ozone was applied to seawater recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) to measure the effects on water quality and biofilter efficiency. Three replicate experimental systems were used in this study. Each system consisted of four rectangular culture tanks, a sump, two settling chambers, a foam fractionator and a trickling biofilter. The control system (CS) was not ozonated, but Treatment 1 (T 20) and Treatment 2 (T 40) were ozonated with 20 and 40 g O3/kg feed day−1, respectively. Three hundred twenty black seabream (mean weight ± S.D. of 334.5 ± 1.9 g) were stocked into each system, and cultured for the entire 44-day study period. During this period, total residual oxidants (TRO), nitrogen compounds (Total-ammonia–N, TAN; nitrite–N, NO2–N and nitrate–N, NO3–N) were measured, and nitrification efficiencies of the trickling biofilters were calculated for each system. Generally, the application of ozone to the seawater systems reduced TAN and NO2–N concentrations in the culture tanks of both treatments. However, the nitrification rate of the biofilter in the T 40 and the CS systems was about 50% lower than the rate of the biofilter in the T 20 system. Therefore, the use of a moderate dose of ozone (20 g O3/kg feed day−1) appears to enhance nitrification, possibly through the reduction of dissolved organic matter that may interfere with bacterial activity. However, application of ozone at 40 g O3/kg feed day−1 appears to depress microbial activity associated with biofiltration and nitrogen removal efficiency, perhaps through toxicity of associated compounds or directly through residual oxidants. Based on the results of this study, continuous ozonation should not exceed 20 g ozone/kg feed (mean TRO 0.15 mg/L) in a seawater RAS to avoid negatively affecting the nitrification efficiency of the bio-filters. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2015.05.003 VL - 67 SP - 1-7 SN - 1873-5614 KW - Ozonation KW - Seawater KW - Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) KW - Residual oxidant KW - Nitrogen compounds KW - Black seabream ER - TY - JOUR TI - Control of Histamine-Producing Bacteria and Histamine Formation in Fish Muscle by Trisodium Phosphate AU - Bjornsdottir-Butler, Kristin AU - Green, David P. AU - Bolton, Greg E. AU - McClellan-Green, Patricia D. T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AB - Scombrotoxin fish poisoning remains the primary cause of seafood poisoning outbreaks despite preventive guidelines. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of pH for the control of growth and histamine formation by histamine-producing bacteria in fish muscle. We examined pH effects on growth and histamine formation in tuna fish infusion broth and in inoculated tuna and mahi-mahi fish muscle. Histamine production was significantly less for all bacterial strains at pH 8.5 compared to pH 5.5 in tuna fish infusion broth with no significant difference in growth. Elevated pH due to phosphate treatment of fish muscle tissues significantly reduced histamine formation with no effect on the growth of histamine-producing bacteria. This study revealed that phosphate treatment of mahi-mahi and tuna fish muscle resulted in significantly lower histamine production over 4 d of storage at 10 °C. Phosphate treatment of fish muscle may serve as a secondary barrier in addition to FDA recommended time and temperature controls for reducing public health concerns of scombrotoxin fish poisoning. DA - 2015/6// PY - 2015/6// DO - 10.1111/1750-3841.12875 VL - 80 IS - 6 SP - M1253-M1258 SN - 1750-3841 KW - bacteria KW - barrier KW - fish KW - histamine KW - histidine decarboxylase KW - pH ER - TY - JOUR TI - Combined use of variable pressure scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy best reveal microstructure of comminuted meat gels AU - Liu, Wenjie AU - Lanier, Tyre C. T2 - LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AB - Observing the distribution of protein and fat phases in comminuted meat products can be helpful to understanding the mechanisms of texture development and fat/water binding. In this study variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM) was compared to conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contrasted with confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM), as tools to characterize gel morphology of cooked meat batters or non-fat pastes. Gel morphology was varied by inclusion of whey protein isolate (WPI) that gels only at high temperature, in partial substitution of myofibrillar protein (MFP). CLSM (magnification:10–1000×) revealed that, when no WPI was added, a homogeneous gel structure was produced enmeshing small, well-distributed fat particles. Substituting 30 g/100 g MFP by WPI produced a coarse gel structure with clear microphase separation of fat. VP-SEM (magnification:1000–2000×) enabled visualization of small pore structure of gel matrix whereas SEM obscured details of this, as well as of the relationship between fat globules and gel matrix that were visible by VP-SEM. Since meat gels properties can be affected by multiple morphological features, visible only at different levels of magnification, the relationships between microstructure and important properties of meat gels can be most advantageously observed when both VP-SEM and CLSM are used in tandem. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.02.001 VL - 62 IS - 2 SP - 1027-1033 SN - 1096-1127 KW - Variable pressure scanning electron microscopy KW - Confocal laser scanning microscopy KW - Conventional scanning electron microscopy KW - Comminuted meat gels KW - Microstructure ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clustering of Loop Current patterns based on the satellite-observed sea surface height and self-organizing map AU - Zeng, Xiangming AU - Li, Yizhen AU - He, Ruoying AU - Yin, Yuqi T2 - REMOTE SENSING LETTERS AB - The self-organizing map is used to investigate variations of the Loop Current (LC) in the Gulf of Mexico from 1992 to 2013 based on satellite-observed sea surface height data. It is found that LC variations can be characterized by three spatial patterns: normal, extension and retraction. The corresponding temporal variations confirm that LC eddy shedding generally occurs during the transition from the extension to retraction patterns. On the weekly time scale, the wind stress curl (WSC) in the Caribbean Sea has a major influence on LC eddy shedding. The increase of Caribbean WSC from June to November favours more frequent LC eddy shedding during that period. On the interannual time scale, there is also a potential linkage between the frequency of LC eddy shedding and El Niño activities. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1080/2150704x.2014.998347 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 11-19 SN - 2150-7058 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Zero Risk Does Not Exist: Lessons Learned from Microbial Risk Assessment Related to Use of Water and Safety of Fresh Produce AU - De Keuckelaere, Ann AU - Jacxsens, Liesbeth AU - Amoah, Philip AU - Medema, Gertjan AU - McClure, Peter AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Uyttendaele, Mieke T2 - COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY AB - Abstract Risk assessments related to use of water and safety of fresh produce originate from both water and food microbiology studies. Although the set‐up and methodology of risk assessment in these 2 disciplines may differ, analysis of the current literature reveals some common outcomes. Most of these studies from the water perspective focus on enteric virus risks, largely because of their anticipated high concentrations in untreated wastewater and their resistance to common wastewater treatments. Risk assessment studies from the food perspective, instead, focus mainly on bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella and pathogenic Escherichia coli . Few site‐specific data points were available for most of these microbial risk assessments, meaning that many assumptions were necessary, which are repeated in many studies. Specific parameters lacking hard data included rates of pathogen transfer from irrigation water to crops, pathogen penetration, and survival in or on food crops. Data on these factors have been investigated over the last decade and this should improve the reliability of future microbial risk estimates. However, the sheer number of different foodstuffs and pathogens, combined with water sources and irrigation practices, means that developing risk models that can span the breadth of fresh produce safety will be a considerable challenge. The new approach using microbial risk assessment is objective and evidence‐based and leads to more flexibility and enables more tailored risk management practices and guidelines. Drawbacks are, however, capacity and knowledge to perform the microbial risk assessment and the need for data and preferably data of the specific region. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.1111/1541-4337.12140 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 387-410 SN - 1541-4337 KW - fruits and vegetables KW - health risk KW - mitigation strategies KW - quantitative microbial risk assessment KW - water ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variational data assimilative modeling of the Gulf of Maine in spring and summer 2010 AU - Li, Yizhen AU - He, Ruoying AU - Chen, Ke AU - McGillicuddy, Dennis J. T2 - JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS AB - Abstract A data assimilative ocean circulation model is used to hindcast the Gulf of Maine [GOM) circulation in spring and summer 2010. Using the recently developed incremental strong constraint 4D Variational data assimilation algorithm, the model assimilates satellite sea surface temperature and in situ temperature and salinity profiles measured by expendable bathythermograph, Argo floats, and shipboard CTD casts. Validation against independent observations shows that the model skill is significantly improved after data assimilation. The data‐assimilative model hindcast reproduces the temporal and spatial evolution of the ocean state, showing that a sea level depression southwest of the Scotian Shelf played a critical role in shaping the gulf‐wide circulation. Heat budget analysis further demonstrates that both advection and surface heat flux contribute to temperature variability. The estimated time scale for coastal water to travel from the Scotian Shelf to the Jordan Basin is around 60 days, which is consistent with previous estimates based on in situ observations. Our study highlights the importance of resolving upstream and offshore forcing conditions in predicting the coastal circulation in the GOM. DA - 2015/5// PY - 2015/5// DO - 10.1002/2014jc010492 VL - 120 IS - 5 SP - 3522-3541 SN - 2169-9291 KW - Gulf of Maine KW - circulation modeling KW - data assimilation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microbial Hazards in Irrigation Water: Standards, Norms, and Testing to Manage Use of Water in Fresh Produce Primary Production AU - Uyttendaele, Mieke AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Amoah, Philip AU - Chiodini, Alessandro AU - Cunliffe, David AU - Jacxsens, Liesbeth AU - Holvoet, Kevin AU - Korsten, Lise AU - Lau, Mathew AU - McClure, Peter AU - Medema, Gertjan AU - Sampers, Imca AU - Jasti, Pratima Rao T2 - COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY AB - Abstract Accessibility to abundant sources of high‐quality water is integral to the production of safe and wholesome fresh produce. However, access to safe water is becoming increasingly difficult in many parts of the world, and this can lead to the production of fresh produce contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, resulting in increased risk of human disease. Water, an important raw material in the fresh produce chain, is used in considerable amounts in many operations, including irrigation and application of pesticides and fertilizers, but also as a transport medium and for cooling and washing in postharvest practices. In several reported outbreaks related to uncooked fruit and vegetable products, water has been identified as a likely source of the outbreak. The present study, initiated by the ILSI Europe Emerging Microbiological Issues Task Force in collaboration with 8 other ILSI branches and support of WHO/FAO, was undertaken to review the status of, and provide suggestions for, consideration by different stakeholders on water and sanitation and its impact on food safety and public health. A limited number of guidelines and regulations on water quality for agricultural production are available, and many of them are still heavily based on microbial standards and (debated) parameters such as fecal coliforms. Data gaps have been identified with regard to baseline studies of microbial pathogens in water sources in many regions, the need for agreement on methods and microbial parameters to be used in assessing water quality, the fate of pathogens in water, and their transfer and persistence on irrigated/processed produce. DA - 2015/7// PY - 2015/7// DO - 10.1111/1541-4337.12133 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 336-356 SN - 1541-4337 KW - water KW - irrigation KW - outbreaks KW - fresh produce KW - good practices KW - testing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Large increase in dissolved inorganic carbon flux from the Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico due to climatic and anthropogenic changes over the 21st century AU - Ren, W. AU - Tian, H. Q. AU - Tao, B. AU - Yang, J. AU - Pan, S. F. AU - Cai, W. J. AU - Lohrenz, S. E. AU - He, Ruoying AU - Hopkinson, C. S. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences AB - Abstract It is recognized that anthropogenic factors have had a major impact on carbon fluxes from land to the ocean during the past two centuries. However, little is known about how future changes in climate, atmospheric CO 2 , and land use may affect riverine carbon fluxes over the 21st century. Using a coupled hydrological‐biogeochemical model, the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model, this study examines potential changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) export from the Mississippi River basin to the Gulf of Mexico during 2010–2099 attributable to climate‐related conditions (temperature and precipitation), atmospheric CO 2 , and land use change. Rates of annual DIC export are projected to increase by 65% under the high emission scenario (A2) and 35% under the low emission scenario (B1) between the 2000s and the 2090s. Climate‐related changes along with rising atmospheric CO 2 together would account for over 90% of the total increase in DIC export throughout the 21st century. The predicted increase in DIC export from the Mississippi River basin would alter chemistry of the coastal ocean unless appropriate climate mitigation actions are taken in the near future. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1002/2014jg002761 VL - 120 IS - 4 SP - 724–736 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dynamics governing the response of tidal current along the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay to land reclamation AU - Lin, Lei AU - Liu, Zhe AU - Xie, Lian AU - Gao, Huiwang AU - Cai, Zhongya AU - Chen, Ziyu AU - Zhao, Jianzhong T2 - JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS AB - Abstract Data collected from the previous studies show that the tidal current along the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) appears to have weakened, whereas the spatial asymmetry (stronger flooding in the north region and stronger ebbing in the south region) has remained nearly unchanged during the past several decades of large‐scale land reclamation. This study is conducted to explain the underlying dynamics for this phenomenon. The analytic evaluation of the tidal motion indicates that the tidal current in a small coastal bay such as the JZB is linearly proportional to its length ( L ), if L is far less than one‐quarter of the tidal wave length. This relation suggests that the decrease in tidal current speed in JZB mouth results from the land reclamation within the Bay. Also, the relationship between bay areas and tidal current along the JZB mouth can be derived. The results of this simple theoretical method for predicting the change in mean tidal current amplitude after the land reclamation largely agree with previous three‐dimensional (3‐D) modeling studies. It is also found that the spatial asymmetry of the tidal current along the JZB mouth is controlled by the sharp headland (the local factor). The unchanged shoreline around the headland leads to the stable spatial asymmetry of the tidal current. The weaker tidal current can explain the weaker residual current, and the unchanged asymmetry of the tidal current explains the unaltered pattern of inflow over the north region and outflow over the south region for the tidally induced residual current along the JZB mouth. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1002/2014jc010434 VL - 120 IS - 4 SP - 2958-2972 SN - 2169-9291 KW - tidal spatial asymmetry KW - tidally induced residual current KW - advection transport KW - headland KW - bay mouth ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dispersal Patterns of Coastal Largemouth Bass in Response to Tournament Displacement AU - Brown, Daniel T. AU - Rice, James A. AU - Suski, Cory D. AU - Aday, D. Derek T2 - NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AB - Abstract Tournament displacement, stockpiling near release points, and handling stress are major concerns for managers of sport fisheries in the southeastern USA. We examined the effects of transport distance and tournament handling stress on dispersal of 40 Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides via telemetry from May 2012 to September 2013 in the Albemarle Sound system of eastern North Carolina. Largemouth Bass were captured from four tributaries of Albemarle Sound and transported 16.5–45 km to a central release point before being acoustically tagged and released. Movement data from an array of passive receivers was used to calculate rates of dispersal from the release point, emigration from the study area and return to capture location over time. Blood cortisol concentration, collected from our tagged Largemouth Bass and those captured in an actual tournament, was used to determine the effect of stress on potential postrelease movement and survival. Our findings indicate little evidence of long‐term stockpiling (i.e., fish remaining close to release point; Richardson‐Heft et al. 2000); 57% of displaced Largemouth Bass dispersed more than 500 m from the release point within 7 d and 87% within 21 d postrelease. Half of those that emigrated from Edenton Bay returned to their capture location. However, no Largemouth Bass displaced 35–45 km returned to their capture locations, suggesting that long‐distance displacement inhibits return. Fishing (2.8%) and nonharvest mortality (0.5%) were low throughout this study except for peaks observed during late spring (42.9%) and early summer (25.1%) of 2013. Mean cortisol concentrations were similar in Largemouth Bass collected during our simulated tournament (126.7 ng/mL) and an actual tournament (118.4 ng/mL). However, cortisol concentrations were unrelated to survival, postrelease dispersal, or return of tagged individuals to their capture location. Largemouth Bass appear to be able to cope with current tournament practices; however, restrictions on displacement distance may increase return rates. Received August 26, 2014; accepted January 14, 2015 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1080/02755947.2015.1009660 VL - 35 IS - 3 SP - 431-439 SN - 1548-8675 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deep Sediment-Sourced Methane Contribution to Shallow Sediment Organic Carbon: Atwater Valley, Texas-Louisiana Shelf, Gulf of Mexico AU - Coffin, Richard B. AU - Osburn, Christopher L. AU - Plummer, Rebecca E. AU - Smith, Joseph P. AU - Rose, Paula S. AU - Grabowski, Kenneth S. T2 - ENERGIES AB - Coastal methane hydrate deposits are globally abundant. There is a need to understand the deep sediment sourced methane energy contribution to shallow sediment carbon relative to terrestrial sources and phytoplankton. Shallow sediment and porewater samples were collected from Atwater Valley, Texas-Louisiana Shelf, Gulf of Mexico near a seafloor mound feature identified in geophysical surveys as an elevated bottom seismic reflection. Geochemical data revealed off-mound methane diffusion and active fluid advection on-mound. Gas composition (average methane/ethane ratio ~11,000) and isotope ratios of methane on the mound (average δ13CCH4(g) = −71.2‰; D14CCH4(g) = −961‰) indicate a deep sediment, microbial source. Depleted sediment organic carbon values on mound (δ13CSOC = −25.8‰; D14CSOC = −930‰) relative to off-mound (δ13CSOC = −22.5‰; D14CSOC = −629‰) suggest deep sourced ancient carbon is incorporated into shallow sediment organic matter. Porewater and sediment data indicate inorganic carbon fixed during anaerobic oxidation of methane is a dominant contributor to on-mound shallow sediment organic carbon cycling. A simple stable carbon isotope mass balance suggests carbon fixation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) associated with anaerobic oxidation of hydrate-sourced CH4 contributes up to 85% of shallow sediment organic carbon. DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// DO - 10.3390/en8031561 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 1561-1583 SN - 1996-1073 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clinical Pathology Reference Intervals for an In-Water Population of Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) in Core Sound, North Carolina, USA AU - Kelly, Terra R. AU - McNeill, Joanne Braun AU - Avens, Larisa AU - Hall, April Goodman AU - Goshe, Lisa R. AU - Hohn, Aleta A. AU - Godfrey, Matthew H. AU - Mihnovets, A. Nicole AU - Cluse, Wendy M. AU - Harms, Craig AU - al. T2 - PLOS ONE AB - The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) is found throughout the waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It is a protected species throughout much of its range due to threats such as habitat loss, fisheries interactions, hatchling predation, and marine debris. Loggerheads that occur in the southeastern U.S. are listed as "threatened" on the U.S. Endangered Species List, and receive state and federal protection. As part of an on-going population assessment conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service, samples were collected from juvenile loggerhead sea turtles in Core Sound, North Carolina, between 2004 and 2007 to gain insight on the baseline health of the threatened Northwest Atlantic Ocean population. The aims of the current study were to establish hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for this population, and to assess variation of the hematologic and plasma biochemical analytes by season, water temperature, and sex and size of the turtles. Reference intervals for the clinical pathology parameters were estimated following Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Season, water temperature, sex, and size of the turtles were found to be significant factors of variation for parameter values. Seasonal variation could be attributed to physiological effects of decreasing photoperiod, cooler water temperature, and migration during the fall months. Packed cell volume, total protein, and albumin increased with increasing size of the turtles. The size-related differences in analytes documented in the present study are consistent with other reports of variation in clinical pathology parameters by size and age in sea turtles. As a component of a health assessment of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles in North Carolina, this study will serve as a baseline aiding in evaluation of trends for this population and as a diagnostic tool for assessing the health and prognosis for loggerhead sea turtles undergoing rehabilitation. DA - 2015/3/4/ PY - 2015/3/4/ DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0115739 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - e0115739 J2 - PLoS ONE LA - en OP - SN - 1932-6203 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115739 DB - Crossref ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Comparison of the Sorption Reactivity of Bacteriogenic and Mycogenic Mn Oxide Nanoparticles AU - Droz, Boris AU - Dumas, Naomi AU - Duckworth, Owen W. AU - Pena, Jasquelin T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AB - Biogenic MnO2 minerals affect metal fate and transport in natural and engineered systems by strongly sorbing metals ions. The ability to produce MnO2 is widely dispersed in the microbial tree of life, leading to potential differences in the minerals produced by different organisms. In this study, we compare the structure and reactivity of biogenic Mn oxides produced by the biofilm-forming bacterium Pseudomonas putida GB-1 and the white-rot fungus Coprinellus sp. The rate of Mn(II) oxidation, and thus biomineral production, was 45 times lower for Coprinellus sp. (5.1 × 10–2 mM d–1) than for P. putida (2.32 mM d–1). Both organisms produced predominantly Mn(IV) oxides with hexagonal-sheet symmetry, low sheet stacking, small particle size, and Mn(II/III) in the interlayer. However, we found that mycogenic MnO2 could support a significantly lower quantity of Ni sorbed via inner-sphere coordination at vacancy sites than the bacteriogenic MnO2: 0.09 versus 0.14 mol Ni mol–1 Mn. In addition, 50–100% of the adsorbed Ni partitioned to the MnO2, which accounts for less than 20% of the sorbent on a mass basis. The vacancy content, which appears to increase with the kinetics of MnO2 precipitation, exerts significant control on biomineral reactivity. DA - 2015/4/7/ PY - 2015/4/7/ DO - 10.1021/es5048528 VL - 49 IS - 7 SP - 4200-4208 SN - 1520-5851 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84926434041&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - The influence of droplet size and biodegradation on the transport of subsurface oil droplets during the Deepwater Horizon spill: a model sensitivity study AU - North, Elizabeth W. AU - Adams, E. Eric AU - Thessen, Anne E. AU - Schlag, Zachary AU - He, Ruoying AU - Socolofsky, Scott A. AU - Masutani, Stephen M. AU - Peckham, Scott D. T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - A better understanding of oil droplet formation, degradation, and dispersal in deep waters is needed to enhance prediction of the fate and transport of subsurface oil spills. This research evaluates the influence of initial droplet size and rates of biodegradation on the subsurface transport of oil droplets, specifically those from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. A three-dimensional coupled model was employed with components that included analytical multiphase plume, hydrodynamic and Lagrangian models. Oil droplet biodegradation was simulated based on first order decay rates of alkanes. The initial diameter of droplets (10–300 μm) spanned a range of sizes expected from dispersant-treated oil. Results indicate that model predictions are sensitive to biodegradation processes, with depth distributions deepening by hundreds of meters, horizontal distributions decreasing by hundreds to thousands of kilometers, and mass decreasing by 92–99% when biodegradation is applied compared to simulations without biodegradation. In addition, there are two- to four-fold changes in the area of the seafloor contacted by oil droplets among scenarios with different biodegradation rates. The spatial distributions of hydrocarbons predicted by the model with biodegradation are similar to those observed in the sediment and water column, although the model predicts hydrocarbons to the northeast and east of the well where no observations were made. This study indicates that improvement in knowledge of droplet sizes and biodegradation processes is important for accurate prediction of subsurface oil spills. DA - 2015/2// PY - 2015/2// DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024016 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - SN - 1748-9326 KW - oil droplets KW - biodegradation KW - deepwater horizon KW - hydrocarbon transport KW - hydrodynamic model KW - lagrangian model ER - TY - JOUR TI - Retrofitting Residential Streets with Stormwater Control Measures over Sandy Soils for Water Quality Improvement at the Catchment Scale AU - Page, Jonathan L. AU - Winston, Ryan J. AU - Mayes, Dave B. AU - Perrin, Christy A. AU - Hunt, William F., III T2 - JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AB - Impervious cover (IC) has been shown to increase runoff volumes, peak discharges, and pollutant loads to streams, which can lead to degraded water quality and biological integrity. Stormwater control measures (SCMs) have been developed to mitigate the hydrologic and water quality impacts of urban areas and IC. This paired watershed study evaluated the impacts of multiple SCM retrofits on water quality at a catchment scale in a 0.53 ha urban residential drainage area. In February 2012, an in-street bioretention cell (BRC) retrofit, four permeable pavement parking stalls, and a tree filter device were installed to treat residential street runoff in Wilmington, North Carolina. In the retrofitted catchment, 94% of the directly connected impervious area (DCIA) and 91% of the total drainage area were retrofitted for water quality treatment. Underlying soils in the study area were sand. After the SCM retrofits were constructed, concentrations of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorous (TP), total suspended solids (TSS), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) significantly decreased by 62%, 38%, 82%, 62%, 89%, and 76%, respectively. Concentrations of dissolved pollutants [nitrate-nitrite-nitrogen (NO2,3-N), total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), and orthophosphate (O-PO43−)] did not change. Mass exports of TKN, TAN, O-PO43−, TP, TSS, Cu, Pb, and Zn significantly decreased by 79%, 60%, 54%, 72%, 91%, 54%, 88%, and 77%, respectively. Improvements in water quality were due to decreases in particulate and particulate-bound pollutant concentrations and loads. This study has shown that a limited number of SCMs installed within a street right-of-way can mitigate a substantial portion of the water quality impacts caused by existing residential development. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000898 VL - 141 IS - 4 SP - SN - 1943-7870 KW - Stormwater control measures KW - Urban runoff KW - Low-impact development KW - Retrofit KW - Right-of-way KW - Green street ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying environmental stress-induced emissions of algal isoprene and monoterpenes using laboratory measurements AU - Meskhidze, N. AU - Sabolis, A. AU - Reed, R. AU - Kamykowski, D. T2 - BIOGEOSCIENCES AB - Abstract. We report here production rates of isoprene and monoterpene compounds (α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene and d-limonene) from six phytoplankton monocultures as a function of irradiance and temperature. Irradiance experiments were carried out for diatom strains (Thalassiosira weissflogii and Thalassiosira pseudonana), prymnesiophyte strains (Pleurochrysis carterae), dinoflagellate strains (Karenia brevis and Prorocentrum minimum), and cryptophyte strains (Rhodomonas salina), while temperature experiments were carried out for diatom strains (Thalassiosira weissflogii and Thalassiosira pseudonana). Phytoplankton species, incubated in a climate-controlled room, were subject to variable light (90 to 900 μmol m−2 s−1) and temperature (18 to 30 °C) regimes. Compared to isoprene, monoterpene emissions were an order of magnitude lower at all light and temperature levels. Emission rates are normalized by cell count and Chlorophyll a (Chl a) content. Diatom strains were the largest emitters, with ~ 2 × 10−17 g(cell)−1h−1 (~ 35 μg (g Chl a)−1 h−1) for isoprene and ~ 5 × 10−19 g (cell)−1 h−1 (~ 1 μg (g Chl a)−1) h−1) for α-pinene. The contribution to the total monoterpene production was ~ 70% from α-pinene, ~ 20% for d-limonene, and < 10% for camphene and β-pinene. Phytoplankton species showed a rapid increase in production rates at low irradiance (< 150 μmol m−2 s−1) and a gradual increase at high (> 250 μmol m−2 s−1) irradiance. Measurements revealed different patterns for time-averaged emissions rates over two successive days. On the first day, most of the species showed a distinct increase in production rates within the first 4 h while, on the second day, the emission rates were overall higher, but less variable. The data suggest that enhanced amounts of isoprene and monoterpenes are emitted from phytoplankton as a result of perturbations in environmental conditions that cause imbalance in chloroplasts and force primary producers to acclimate physiologically. This relationship could be a valuable tool for development of dynamic ecosystem modeling approaches for global marine isoprene and monoterpene emissions based on phytoplankton physiological responses to a changing environment. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.5194/bg-12-637-2015 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 637-651 SN - 1726-4189 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plasma Protein Electrophoresis and Acute Phase Proteins in Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Following Exploratory Coeliotomy AU - Christiansen, Emily F. AU - Cray, Carolyn AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. AU - Harms, Craig A. T2 - Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine AB - Measuring plasma protein electrophoresis fractions and plasma concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs) is commonly used to monitor inflammation and illness in mammalian species, but its use is not widespread in fish species, despite the presence of similar proteins. This study aims to determine plasma protein electrophoresis values for koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) and to assess the use of plasma protein electrophoresis and commercially available assays for 3 primary APPs (C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and haptoglobin) as markers of inflammation in 13 koi following invasive surgery. Median packed cell volume decreased by nearly 50% but recovered to baseline by 14 days postsurgery. Plasma protein electrophoresis fractions were consistent across the experimental period and did not demonstrate an inflammatory pattern, but electrophoretograms exhibited variation between individual fish. No clinically meaningful changes were observed in the APPs of the test subjects 28 days following surgery. Despite grossly evident inflammation of the incision line, either this surgical procedure did not stimulate a marked systemic inflammatory response, or the available assays are not effective in detecting the acute phase inflammatory response in this fish species. DA - 2015/1// PY - 2015/1// DO - 10.1053/j.jepm.2014.11.008 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 76-83 J2 - Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine LA - en OP - SN - 1557-5063 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2014.11.008 DB - Crossref KW - acute phase response KW - koi carp KW - Cyprinus carpio KW - protein electrophoresis KW - surgery ER - TY - JOUR TI - Numerical investigation of coastal circulation dynamics near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in January 2005 AU - Gong, Yanlin AU - He, Ruoying AU - Gawarkiewicz, Glen G. AU - Savidge, Dana K. T2 - OCEAN DYNAMICS AB - A realistic regional ocean model is used to hindcast and diagnose coastal circulation variability near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in January 2005. Strong extratropical winter storms passed through the area during the second half of the month (January 15–31), leading to significantly different circulation conditions compared to those during the first half of the month (January 1–14). Model results were validated against sea level, temperature, salinity, and velocity observations. Analyses of along-shelf and cross-shelf transport, momentum, and kinetic energy balances were further performed to investigate circulation dynamics near Cape Hatteras. Our results show that during the strong winter storm period, both along-shelf (southward) and cross-shelf (seaward) transport increased significantly, mainly due to increases in geostrophic velocity associated with coastal sea level setup. In terms of momentum balance, the wind stress was mainly balanced by bottom friction. During the first half of month, the dominant kinetic energy (KE) balance on the shelf was between the time rate of KE change and the pressure work, whereas during the stormy second half of month, the main shelf KE balance was achieved between wind stress work and dissipation. DA - 2015/1// PY - 2015/1// DO - 10.1007/s10236-014-0778-6 VL - 65 IS - 1 SP - 1-15 SN - 1616-7228 KW - Coastal circulation KW - Cape Hatteras KW - Momentum and kinetic energy balance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Validation of a novel rinse and filtration method for efficient processing of fresh produce samples for microbiological indicator enumeration AU - Heredia, N. AU - Solis-Soto, L. AU - Venegas, F. AU - Bartz, F. E. AU - Aceituno, A. F. AU - Jaykus, L. A. AU - Leon, J. S. AU - Garcia, S. T2 - Journal of Food Protection AB - Several methods have been described to prepare fresh produce samples for microbiological analysis, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of a novel combined rinse and membrane filtration method to two alternative sample preparation methods for the quantification of indicator microorganisms from fresh produce. Decontaminated cantaloupe melons and jalapeño peppers were surface inoculated with a cocktail containing 10(6) CFU/ml Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Enterococcus faecalis. Samples were processed using a rinse and filtration method, homogenization by stomacher, or a sponge-rubbing method, followed by quantification of bacterial load using culture methods. Recovery efficiencies of the three methods were compared. On inoculated cantaloupes, the rinse and filtration method had higher recovery of coliforms (0.95 log CFU/ml higher recovery, P = 0.0193) than the sponge-rubbing method. Similarly, on inoculated jalapeños, the rinse and filtration method had higher recovery for coliforms (0.84 log CFU/ml higher, P = 0.0130) and E. coli (1.46 log CFU/ml higher, P < 0.0001) than the sponge-rubbing method. For jalapeños, the rinse and filtration method outperformed the homogenization method for all three indicators (0.79 to 1.71 log CFU/ml higher, P values ranging from 0.0075 to 0.0002). The precision of the three methods was also compared. The precision of the rinse and filtration method was similar to that of the other methods for recovery of two of three indicators from cantaloupe (E. coli P = 0.7685, E. faecalis P = 0.1545) and was more precise for recovery of two of three indicators from jalapeño (coliforms P = 0.0026, E. coli P = 0.0243). Overall, the rinse and filtration method performed equivalent to, and sometimes better than, either of the compared methods. The rinse and filtration method may have logistical advantages when processing large numbers of samples, improving sampling efficiency and facilitating microbial detection. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-324 VL - 78 IS - 3 SP - 525-530 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transport of dissolved polyacrylamide through a clay loam soil AU - Kang, Jihoon AU - McLaughlin, Richard A. AU - Amoozegar, Aziz AU - Heitman, Joshua L. AU - Duckworth, Owen W. T2 - GEODERMA AB - Polyacrylamide (PAM) is becoming a widely used soil conditioning and erosion control agent, and a better understanding of its transport is required to improve its use. In this study vertical PAM transport through a clay loam soil was investigated using thin soil columns (7.62-cm diameter × 2-cm thick) under saturated condition. The columns received a water-soluble, anionic PAM solution (16 Mg mol− 1 with 50 mol% charge density) under pulse and step (continuous) inputs using a constant-head method. The pulse input was 500 mg L− 1 PAM solution applied for 0.6 pore volume (PV), after which the input was switched to deionized (DI) water for 25 PVs. The step input was 25 mg L− 1 PAM solution applied continuously for 129 PVs. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) was measured prior to PAM application and was monitored during PAM and DI water leaching. Leachate samples were collected frequently with time from each column and analyzed for the dissolved PAM concentration. The PAM applications reduced Ksat to 1% of the initial Ksat (4 cm h− 1) under the pulse input and to 0.3% of the initial Ksat under the step input. Transport of PAM was best-fitted with a two-region (dual-porosity) model. The fitted retardation factor (R) was more than two-fold greater for the step input (R = 2695) than for the pulse input (R = 1242). The results from transport modeling and pore size distribution analysis suggested that viscous PAM solution contributes to a mechanical entrapment of the PAM molecules, clogging most water-conducting pores smaller than 225–274 μm in diameter. Under saturated condition, either the pulse or step input of dissolved PAM could reduce seepage with limited mobility in the soil profile. DA - 2015/4// PY - 2015/4// DO - 10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.12.022 VL - 243 SP - 108-114 SN - 1872-6259 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84920432092&partnerID=MN8TOARS KW - Leaching KW - Polyacrylamide KW - Solute transport KW - Hydraulic conductivity KW - Pore size distribution ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fall Spawning of Atlantic Sturgeon in the Roanoke River, North Carolina AU - Smith, Joseph A. AU - Flowers, H. Jared AU - Hightower, Joseph E. T2 - TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY AB - Abstract In 2012, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) declared Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus to be threatened or endangered throughout its range in U.S. waters. Restoration of the subspecies will require much new information, particularly on the location and timing of spawning. We used a combination of acoustic telemetry and sampling with anchored artificial substrates (spawning pads) to detect fall (September–November) spawning in the Roanoke River in North Carolina. This population is included in the Carolina Distinct Population Segment, which was classified by NOAA as endangered. Sampling was done immediately below the first shoals encountered by anadromous fishes, near Weldon. Our collection of 38 eggs during the 21 d that spawning pads were deployed appears to be the first such collection (spring or fall) for wild‐spawned Atlantic Sturgeon eggs. Based on egg development stages, estimated spawning dates were September 17–18 and 18–19 at water temperatures from 25.3°C to 24.3°C and river discharge from 55 to 297 m 3 /s. These observations about fall spawning and habitat use should aid in protecting critical habitats and planning research on Atlantic Sturgeon spawning in other rivers. Received April 14, 2014; accepted September 9, 2014 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015/// DO - 10.1080/00028487.2014.965344 VL - 144 IS - 1 SP - 48-54 SN - 1548-8659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - CYSTIC UROLITHIASIS IN CAPTIVE WAXY MONKEY FROGS (PHYLLOMEDUSA SAUVAGII) AU - Archibald, Kate E. AU - Minter, Larry J. AU - Dombrowski, Daniel S. AU - Jodi L. O'Brien, AU - Lewbart, Gregory A. T2 - JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE AB - The waxy monkey frog (Phyllomedusa sauvagii) is an arboreal amphibian native to arid regions of South America, and it has developed behavioral and physiologic adaptations to permit survival in dry environments. These adaptations include a uricotelic nitrogen metabolism and unique cutaneous lipid excretions to prevent evaporative water loss. Uroliths are a rare finding in amphibians. Six adult, presumed wild-caught waxy monkey frogs housed in a museum animal collection were diagnosed with cystic urolithiasis over a 7-yr period, and a single animal was diagnosed with four recurrent cases. Six cases were identified incidentally at routine physical or postmortem examination and four cases were identified during veterinary evaluation for coelomic distension, lethargy, anorexia, and increased soaking behavior. Calculi were surgically removed from three frogs via cystotomy, and a single frog underwent three cystotomies and two cloacotomies for recurrent urolithiasis. Two frogs died within the 24-hr postoperative period. Two representative calculi from a single frog were submitted for component analysis and found to consist of 100% ammonium urate. In the present report, cystic calculi are proposed to be the result of a high-protein diet based on a single invertebrate source, coupled with uricotelism, dehydration, increased cutaneous water loss, body temperature fluctuations facilitating supersaturation of urine, and subsequent accumulation and precipitation of urogenous wastes within the urinary bladder. Surgical cystotomy represents a short-term treatment strategy for this condition. Preventative measures, such as supplying a diversified and balanced diet in addition to environmental manipulation aimed at promoting adequate hydration, are anticipated to be more-rewarding management tools for cystic urolithiasis in the waxy monkey frog. DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// DO - 10.1638/2014-0086r1.1 VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 105-112 SN - 1937-2825 KW - Ammonium urate KW - amphibian KW - cystic calculi KW - cystotomy KW - Phyllomedusa sauvagii KW - uricotelic ER - TY - JOUR TI - SOURCES OF ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS IN NORTH CAROLINA WATERWAYS: A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPROACH AU - Sackett, Dana K. AU - Pow, Crystal Lee AU - Rubino, Matthew J. AU - Aday, D. Derek AU - Cope, W. Gregory AU - Kullman, Seth AU - Rice, James A. AU - Kwak, Thomas J. AU - Law, Mac T2 - ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY AB - The presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), particularly estrogenic compounds, in the environment has drawn public attention across the globe, yet a clear understanding of the extent and distribution of estrogenic EDCs in surface waters and their relationship to potential sources is lacking. The objective of the present study was to identify and examine the potential input of estrogenic EDC sources in North Carolina water bodies using a geographic information system (GIS) mapping and analysis approach. Existing data from state and federal agencies were used to create point and nonpoint source maps depicting the cumulative contribution of potential sources of estrogenic EDCs to North Carolina surface waters. Water was collected from 33 sites (12 associated with potential point sources, 12 associated with potential nonpoint sources, and 9 reference), to validate the predictive results of the GIS analysis. Estrogenicity (measured as 17β-estradiol equivalence) ranged from 0.06 ng/L to 56.9 ng/L. However, the majority of sites (88%) had water 17β-estradiol concentrations below 1 ng/L. Sites associated with point and nonpoint sources had significantly higher 17β-estradiol levels than reference sites. The results suggested that water 17β-estradiol was reflective of GIS predictions, confirming the relevance of landscape-level influences on water quality and validating the GIS approach to characterize such relationships. DA - 2015/2// PY - 2015/2// DO - 10.1002/etc.2797 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 437-445 SN - 1552-8618 KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Endocrine disrupting compound KW - Estrogenicity KW - Geographic information system prediction KW - Surface water ER - TY - JOUR TI - Persistence of Human Norovirus RT-qPCR Signals in Simulated Gastric Fluid AU - Tung-Thompson, Grace AU - Gentry-Shields, Jennifer AU - Fraser, Angela AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann T2 - FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// DO - 10.1007/s12560-014-9170-4 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 32-40 SN - 1867-0342 KW - Norovirus KW - Persistence KW - Simulated gastric fluid KW - Vomitus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Managing hybridization of a recovering endangered species: The red wolf Canis rufus as a case study AU - Gese, Eric M. AU - Knowlton, Fred F. AU - Adams, Jennifer R. AU - Beck, Karen AU - Fuller, Todd K. AU - Murray, Dennis L. AU - Steury, Todd D. AU - Stoskopf, Michael K. AU - Waddell, Will T. AU - Waits, Lisette P. T2 - CURRENT ZOOLOGY AB - Abstract Hybridization presents a unique challenge for conservation biologists and managers. While hybridization is an important evolutionary process, hybridization is also a threat formany native species. The endangered species recovery effort for the red wolf Canis rufus is a classic system for understanding and addressing the challenges of hybridization. From 1987?1993, 63 red wolves were released from captivity in eastern North Carolina, USA, to establish a free-ranging, non-essential experimental population. By 1999, managers recognized hybridization with invasive coyotes Canis latrans was the single greatest threat to successful recovery, and an adaptive management plan was adopted with innovative approaches for managing the threat of hybridization. Here we review the application and results of the adaptive management efforts from 1993 to 2013 by comparing: (1) the numbers of wolves, coyotes, and hybrids captured, (2) the numbers of territorial social groups with presumed breeding capabilities, (3) the number of red wolf and hybrid litters documented each year and (4) the degree of coyote introgression into the wild red wolf gene pool. We documented substantial increases in the number of known red wolves and red wolf social groups from 1987–2004 followed by a plateau and slight decline by 2013.The number of red wolf litters exceeded hybrid litters each year and the proportion of hybrid litters per year averaged 21%. The genetic composition of the wild red wolf population is estimated to include &lt; 4% coyote ancestry from recent introgression since reintroduction. We conclude that the adaptive management plan was effective at reducing the introgression of coyote genes into the red wolf population, but population recovery of red wolves will require continuation of the current management plan, or alternative approaches, for the foreseeable future. More broadly, we discuss the lessons learned from red wolf adaptive management that could assist other endangered species recovery efforts facing the challenge of minimizing hybridization. DA - 2015/2// PY - 2015/2// DO - 10.1093/czoolo/61.1.191 VL - 61 IS - 1 SP - 191-205 SN - 1674-5507 KW - Canid KW - Conservation KW - Genetics KW - Hybrid KW - Management ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long-term explosive degassing and debris flow activity at West Mata submarine volcano AU - Dziak, R. P. AU - Bohnenstiehl, D. R. AU - Baker, E. T. AU - Matsumoto, H. AU - Caplan-Auerbach, J. AU - Embley, R. W. AU - Merle, S. G. AU - Walker, S. L. AU - Lau, T-K. AU - Chadwick, W. W., Jr. T2 - GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - Abstract West Mata is a 1200 m deep submarine volcano where explosive boninite eruptions were observed in 2009. The acoustic signatures from the volcano's summit eruptive vents Hades and Prometheus were recorded with an in situ (~25 m range) hydrophone during ROV dives in May 2009 and with local (~5 km range) moored hydrophones between December 2009 and August 2011. The sensors recorded low frequency (1–40 Hz), short duration explosions consistent with magma bubble bursts from Hades , and broadband, 1–5 min duration signals associated with episodes of fragmentation degassing from Prometheus . Long‐term eruptive degassing signals, recorded through May 2010, preceded a several month period of declining activity. Degassing episodes were not recorded acoustically after early 2011, although quieter effusive eruption activity may have continued. Synchronous optical measurements of turbidity made between December 2009 and April 2010 indicate that turbidity maxima resulted from occasional south flank slope failures triggered by the collapse of accumulated debris during eruption intervals. DA - 2015/3/16/ PY - 2015/3/16/ DO - 10.1002/2014gl062603 VL - 42 IS - 5 SP - 1480-1487 SN - 1944-8007 KW - eruption KW - submarine KW - degassing KW - debris ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of various sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) mediums on larval performance of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) AU - Rafiee, Gholamreza AU - Tavabe, Kamran Rezaei AU - Frinsko, Michael AU - Daniels, Harry T2 - AQUACULTURE RESEARCH AB - The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is used to describe the ratio of sodium to calcium and magnesium in water that is very important in both aquaculture and agriculture. SAR treatments including of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 were adjusted in 10-L containers. Initial larval density was fixed at 100 larvae L−1 and during the culture period, various larval quality parameters were evaluated. Our findings illustrated that at initial stages of larval development, different SAR treatments affected the larval condition index (LCI), but no influences on larval stage index (LSI) were apparent. Importantly, this process at the final larval stages became reversed. In addition, survival at SAR 30 was 12.4% greater than among any other treatments. The highest larval resistance to stress (191 ± 5 ppm), as measured by the 24-h LC50 formalin test also was observed for SAR 30, at the 11th larval stage. Analysis indicated that calcium absorption during larval developmental stages is affected by SAR levels in the environment and also showed that the optimal SAR treatment was 30 for Macrobrachium rosenbergii larviculture in inland hatchery brackish water. According to our findings and desired SAR for the environment and agricultural soil (<15), effluent of M. rosenbergii inland hatcheries must be treated at least two times by dilution and adding calcium and magnesium salts. DA - 2015/3// PY - 2015/3// DO - 10.1111/are.12219 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 725-735 SN - 1365-2109 KW - Macrobrachium rosenbergii KW - sodium adsorption ratio KW - larval stage index KW - larval condition index KW - larviculture ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chemical Composition, Speciation, and Elemental Associations in Coal Fly Ash Samples Related to the Kingston Ash Spill AU - Rivera, Nelson AU - Kaur, Navdeep AU - Hesterberg, Dean AU - Ward, Colin R. AU - Austin, Robert E. AU - Duckworth, Owen W. T2 - ENERGY & FUELS AB - Environmental impacts of potentially toxic trace elements from coal fly ash are controlled in part by the mineralogy of the ash matrix and the chemical speciation of the trace elements. Our objective was to characterize the chemical and mineralogical composition of fly ash samples that are pertinent to the 2008 release of coal ash from a containment area at the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston fossil plant, which left 4 to 500 t of trace elements in adjoining river systems. Three fly ash samples were analyzed for elemental composition by digestion or neutron activation analysis, mineralogy and macroelement speciation by conventional and synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction (XRD and SXRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and for spatial associations of elements by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Ash samples were mainly composed of Si (20–27% w/w), Al (10–14% w/w), Fe (4–6% w/w), and Ca (4–6% w/w). Concentrations of selected trace elements ranged from 8 to 1480 mg kg–1, with the following general trend: Sr > Mn ≈ Zn ≈ Cu ≈ Cr > As ≈ Pb > Se ≈ U. XRD and EPMA analyses indicated that fly ash matrices were heterogeneous mixtures of minerals and aluminosilicate glass containing Fe, Ca, Ti, Mg, Na, and K. XAS fitting analyses suggested that Fe was mostly in a poorly ordered, polymerized hydroxyl-Fe(III) phase, with minor proportions of magnetite, and hematite or maghemite. Consistent with XRD data, fits to Ca XAS data included standards of glass, anhydrite, lime, and calcite; and fits to S XAS data included anhydrite and reduced organic S forms. Electron microprobe analysis showed frequent correlations among Ca, Si, and Al (and with Sr), consistent with the glass and mineral phases identified. Ash composition and mineralogy help to define a geochemical basis for projecting the long-term fate of trace elements in residual ash left in sediments following cleanup operations at the TVA-Kingston site. DA - 2015/2// PY - 2015/2// DO - 10.1021/ef501258m VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 954-967 SN - 1520-5029 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84923296129&partnerID=MN8TOARS ER - TY - JOUR TI - An observational study of frequency of provider hand contacts in child care facilities in North Carolina and South Carolina AU - Fraser, Angela AU - Wohlgenant, Kelly AU - Cates, Sheryl AU - Chen, , Xi AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Li, You AU - Chapman, Benjamin T2 - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL AB - •Children's clothing are the most frequently touched. •Common high-touch surfaces, such as light switches and doorknobs, are touched the least. •Guidelines are available for nonporous surfaces but not for porous surfaces. Background Children enrolled in child care are 2.3-3.5 times more likely to experience acute gastrointestinal illness than children cared for in their own homes. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency surfaces were touched by child care providers to identify surfaces that should be cleaned and sanitized. Methods Observation data from a convenience sample of 37 child care facilities in North Carolina and South Carolina were analyzed. Trained data collectors used iPods (Apple, Cupertino, CA) to record hand touch events of 1 child care provider for 45 minutes in up to 2 classrooms in each facility. Results Across the 37 facilities, 10,134 hand contacts were observed in 51 classrooms. Most (4,536) were contacts with porous surfaces, with an average of 88.9 events per classroom observation. The most frequently touched porous surface was children's clothing. The most frequently touched nonporous surface was food contact surfaces (18.6 contacts/observation). Surfaces commonly identified as high-touch surfaces (ie, light switches, handrails, doorknobs) were touched the least. Conclusion General cleaning and sanitizing guidelines should include detailed procedures for cleaning and sanitizing high-touch surfaces (ie, clothes, furniture, soft toys). Guidelines are available for nonporous surfaces but not for porous surfaces (eg, clothing, carpeting). Additional research is needed to inform the development of evidence-based practices to effectively treat porous surfaces. Children enrolled in child care are 2.3-3.5 times more likely to experience acute gastrointestinal illness than children cared for in their own homes. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency surfaces were touched by child care providers to identify surfaces that should be cleaned and sanitized. Observation data from a convenience sample of 37 child care facilities in North Carolina and South Carolina were analyzed. Trained data collectors used iPods (Apple, Cupertino, CA) to record hand touch events of 1 child care provider for 45 minutes in up to 2 classrooms in each facility. Across the 37 facilities, 10,134 hand contacts were observed in 51 classrooms. Most (4,536) were contacts with porous surfaces, with an average of 88.9 events per classroom observation. The most frequently touched porous surface was children's clothing. The most frequently touched nonporous surface was food contact surfaces (18.6 contacts/observation). Surfaces commonly identified as high-touch surfaces (ie, light switches, handrails, doorknobs) were touched the least. General cleaning and sanitizing guidelines should include detailed procedures for cleaning and sanitizing high-touch surfaces (ie, clothes, furniture, soft toys). Guidelines are available for nonporous surfaces but not for porous surfaces (eg, clothing, carpeting). Additional research is needed to inform the development of evidence-based practices to effectively treat porous surfaces. DA - 2015/2/1/ PY - 2015/2/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.10.017 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 107-111 SN - 1527-3296 KW - Child care providers KW - Porous surfaces KW - Nonporous surfaces KW - Hand contact KW - Observational study ER - TY - JOUR TI - High pressure effects on heat-induced gelation of threadfin bream (Nemipterus spp.) surimi AU - Zhu, Zhiwei AU - Lanier, Tyre C. AU - Farkas, Brian E. T2 - JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING AB - We sought to determine, in threadfin bream surimi system, if 40 °C incubation carried out simultaneous with, or following, HPP might also induce a more effective setting on subsequently cooked gels. Threadfin bream surimi pastes were subjected to HPP 200 or 300; at 5 °C (little or no setting effect expected during HPP at this temperature) for 15 min or at 40 °C (optimal setting temperature for threadfin bream pastes) for 15 or 30 min. Pastes were then directly cooked (90 °C for 20 min) (pressureP°C/time > C), or first allowed to undergo setting at atmospheric pressure (40 °C for 60 min), followed by cooking (90 °C 20 min) (pressureP°C/time > Stime > C). With or without followed setting treatment at 40 °C, HPP treatment at 40 °C, or even lower pressure at 5 °C for shorter time (200MPaP5°C/15min > S40°C/60min > C) produce weak cooking gels. Two opposite actions of cross-linked polymer (CP) and degraded protein (DP) was observed during the HPP treatment. The given HPP treatment was sure to triggered the detriment of protein in combined treatments, the followed setting treatment after HPP enhanced the degradation of protein as well. The formation of disulfide bonds during HPP and cooking treatments was retarded, which was attributed to the influence of protein degradation behavior. Scanning electron microscopy revealed, with giving a prior HPP treatment, the fiberlike structure gradually disappeared and the compact microstructure increased in final cooking gel. DA - 2015/2// PY - 2015/2// DO - 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.08.021 VL - 146 SP - 23-27 SN - 1873-5770 KW - High pressure KW - Setting KW - Heat-induced gelation KW - Threadfin bream KW - Surimi ER -