TY - JOUR TI - Azoxystrobin, butralin, and flumetralin residues in flue-cured tobacco AU - Vann, M.C AU - Fisher, L.R. T2 - Tobacco Science DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// VL - 51 SP - 23-28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Loading and Release Mechanism of Red Clover Necrotic Mosaic Virus Derived Plant Viral Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery of Doxorubicin AU - Cao, Jing AU - Guenther, Richard H. AU - Sit, Tim L. AU - Opperman, Charles H. AU - Lommel, Steven A. AU - Willoughby, Julie A. T2 - SMALL AB - Loading and release mechanisms of Red clover necrotic mosaicvirus (RCNMV) derived plant viral nanoparticle (PVN) are shown for controlled delivery of the anticancer drug, doxorubicin (Dox). Previous studies demonstrate that RCNMV's structure and unique response to divalent cation depletion and re‐addition enables Dox infusion to the viral capsid through a pore formation mechanism. However, by controlling the net charge of RCNMV outer surface and accessibility of RCNMV interior cavity, tunable release of PVN is possible via manipulation of the Dox loading capacity and binding locations (external surface‐binding or internal capsid‐encapsulation) with the RCNMV capsid. Bimodal release kinetics is achieved via a rapid release of surface‐Dox followed by a slow release of encapsulated Dox. Moreover, the rate of Dox release and the amount of released Dox increases with an increase in environmental pH or a decrease in concentration of divalent cations. This pH‐responsive Dox release from PVN is controlled by Fickian diffusion kinetics where the release rate is dependent on the location of the bound or loaded active molecule. In summary, controllable release of Dox‐loaded PVNs is imparted by 1) formulation conditions and 2) driven by the capsid's pH‐ and ion‐ responsive functions in a given environment. DA - 2014/12/29/ PY - 2014/12/29/ DO - 10.1002/smll.201400558 VL - 10 IS - 24 SP - 5126-5136 SN - 1613-6829 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Isolation of Paenibacillus glucanolyticus from pulp mill sources with potential to deconstruct pulping waste AU - Mathews, Stephanie L. AU - Pawlak, Joel J. AU - Grunden, Amy M. T2 - BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY AB - Black liquor is a pulping waste generated by the kraft process that has potential for downstream bioconversion. A microorganism was isolated from a black liquor sample collected from the Department of Forest Biomaterials at North Carolina State University. The organism was identified as Paenibacillus glucanolyticus using 16S rRNA sequence analysis and was shown to be capable of growth on black liquor as the sole carbon source based on minimal media growth studies. Minimal media growth curves demonstrated that this facultative anaerobic microorganism can degrade black liquor as well as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify products generated by P. glucanolyticus when it was grown anaerobically on black liquor. Fermentation products which could be converted into high-value chemicals such as succinic, propanoic, lactic, and malonic acids were detected. DA - 2014/7// PY - 2014/7// DO - 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.093 VL - 164 SP - 100-105 SN - 1873-2976 KW - Biodegradation (bacterial degradation) KW - Pulp mill waste KW - Black liquor KW - Lignin KW - Paenibacillus glucanolyticus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biotechnological applications of halophilic lipases and thioesterases AU - Schreck, Steven D. AU - Grunden, Amy M. T2 - APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY DA - 2014/2// PY - 2014/2// DO - 10.1007/s00253-013-5417-5 VL - 98 IS - 3 SP - 1011-1021 SN - 1432-0614 KW - Lipase KW - Thioesterase KW - Halophilic KW - Halotolerant KW - Biofuel KW - Algae KW - Dunaliella ER - TY - JOUR TI - 'Covington' Sweetpotato Tolerance to Flumioxazin Applied POST-Directed AU - Meyers, Stephen L. AU - Jennings, Katherine M. AU - Monks, David W. T2 - WEED TECHNOLOGY AB - Field studies were conducted at Clinton, NC (2009, 2010), and Kinston, NC (2010), to determine ‘Covington' sweetpotato tolerance to flumioxazin applied after transplanting. Flumioxazin was directed to 25% of the sweetpotato vine beginning at the distal end (shoot tip), 25% of the vine beginning at the proximal end (crown), or to the entire vine (over-the-top) and was applied at 2 or 5 wk after transplanting (WAP). Applications made at 2 WAP resulted in 10 to 16% foliar necrosis at 3 WAP. Necrosis was transient and ≤ 2% by 6 WAP. Stunting injury at 6 WAP for flumioxazin applied at 2 WAP was greatest (12%) with the over-the-top application, followed by crown (5%), and shoot tip (1%) applications. Applications made at 5 WAP resulted in 35, 23, and 15% foliar necrosis at 6 WAP for over-the-top, crown, and shoot tip applications, respectively. By 12 WAP, stunting injury for all treatments was ≤ 3%. No. 1, jumbo, canner, and total marketable sweetpotato yield of the nontreated check was 36,670; 7,610; 7,170; and 51,450 kg ha −1 , respectively. No. 1 and total marketable sweetpotato yields were reduced when flumioxazin was applied at 2 or 5 WAP. No. 1 sweetpotato yield was reduced when flumioxazin was applied to the crown or over-the-top (27,240 and 28,330 kg ha −1 , respectively). Sweetpotato receiving flumioxazin applied to the shoot tip had similar no. 1 (31,770 kg ha −1 ) yields as the nontreated check, crown, and over-the-top applications. Total marketable sweetpotato yield was reduced by flumioxazin application to shoot tip, crown, and over-the-top (45,350; 40,100; 40,370 kg ha −1 , respectively). Neither flumioxazin application timing nor placement influenced either jumbo- or canner-grade sweetpotato yields. Currently, after-transplant applications of flumioxazin do not appear to be a suitable fit for POST weed control in North Carolina sweetpotato production systems. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014/// DO - 10.1614/wt-d-13-00092.1 VL - 28 IS - 1 SP - 163-167 SN - 1550-2740 KW - Crop tolerance KW - herbicide placement KW - herbicide timing ER -