TY - JOUR TI - THE TROPICS AU - Diamond, H. J. AU - Schreck, C. J. T2 - BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY AB - © 2023 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses). Corresponding author: Howard J. Diamond / howard.diamond@noaa.gov DA - 2023/9// PY - 2023/9// DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0078.1 VL - 104 IS - 9 SP - S207-S270 SN - 1520-0477 ER - TY - JOUR TI - NASA TOPS Open Science 101 T2 - Zenodo DA - 2023/12/6/ PY - 2023/12/6/ DO - 10.5281/zenodo.10161526 ER - TY - JOUR TI - NASA TOPS Open Science 101 T2 - Zenodo DA - 2023/12/6/ PY - 2023/12/6/ DO - 10.5281/zenodo.10161527 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The 1991-2020 sea surface temperature normals AU - Yin, Xungang AU - Huang, Boyin AU - Carton, James A. AU - Chen, Ligang AU - Graham, Garrett AU - Liu, Chunying AU - Smith, Thomas AU - Zhang, Huai-Min T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY AB - Abstract The 1991–2020 climate normals for sea surface temperature (SST) are computed based on the NOAA Daily Optimum Interpolation SST dataset. This is the first time that high‐resolution SST normals with global coverage can be achieved in the satellite SST era. Normals are one of the fundamental parameters in describing and understanding weather and climate and provide decision‐making information to industry, public, and scientific communities. This product suite includes SST mean, standard deviation, count and extreme parameters at daily, monthly, seasonal and annual time scales on 0.25° spatial grids. The main feature of the SST mean state revealed by the normals is that in the Tropics, the Indo‐Pacific Ocean is dominated by the warm pool (SST ≥ 28°C) while the eastern Pacific is characterized by the cold tongue (SST ≤ 24°C); in the midlatitudes, SSTs are in zonal patterns with high meridional gradients. Daily SST standard deviations are generally small (<1.0°C) except in frontal zones (>1.5°C) mostly associated with ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio and Equatorial Currents. Compared to the 1982–2011 climatology, the 1991–2020 mean SSTs increased over most global areas but obvious cooling is seen in the Southern Ocean, eastern tropical South Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic warming hole. The Indo‐Pacific warm pool (IPWP) is found to have strengthened in both intensity and coverage since 1982–2011. By a count parameter criterion of ≥300 days annually with SST ≥ 28°C, the IPWP coverage increased 33% from 1982–2011 to 1991–2020. The global mean SST of 1991–2020 is warmer than that of 1982–2011, and the warming rate over 1991–2020 doubles that over 1901–2020. DA - 2023/12/28/ PY - 2023/12/28/ DO - 10.1002/joc.8350 SP - SN - 1097-0088 KW - 1991-2020 SST normals KW - count parameter KW - extreme parameter KW - mean parameter KW - SST climatology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping high-risk clusters and identifying place-based risk factors of mental health burden in pregnancy AU - Ulrich, Sarah E. AU - Sugg, Margaret M. AU - Ryan, Sophia C. AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. T2 - SSM-MENTAL HEALTH AB - Despite affecting up to 20% of women and being the leading cause of preventable deaths during the perinatal and postpartum period, maternal mental health conditions are chronically understudied. This study is the first to identify spatial patterns in perinatal mental health conditions, and relate these patterns to place-based social and environmental factors that drive cluster development.We performed spatial clustering analysis of emergency department (ED) visits for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMAD), severe mental illness (SMI), and maternal mental disorders of pregnancy (MDP) using the Poisson model in SatScan from 2016 to 2019 in North Carolina. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between patient and community-level factors and high-risk clusters.The most significant spatial clustering for all three outcomes was concentrated in smaller urban areas in the western, central piedmont, and coastal plains regions of the state, with odds ratios greater than 3 for some cluster locations. Individual factors (e.g., age, race, ethnicity) and contextual factors (e.g., racial and socioeconomic segregation, urbanity) were associated with high risk clusters.Results provide important contextual and spatial information concerning at-risk populations with a high burden of maternal mental health disorders and can better inform targeted locations for the expansion of maternal mental health services. DA - 2023/12/15/ PY - 2023/12/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100270 VL - 4 SP - SN - 2666-5603 KW - SaTScan KW - Maternal mental health KW - North Carolina KW - Perinatal mental health KW - Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders KW - Severe mental illness ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the Detection of Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture Extremes AU - Leeper, Ronald d. AU - Palecki, Michael a. AU - Watts, Matthew AU - Diamond, Howard T2 - JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY AB - Abstract Remotely sensed soil moisture observations provide an opportunity to monitor hydrological conditions from droughts to floods. The European Space Agency’s (ESA) Climate Change Initiative has released both Combined and Passive datasets, which include multiple satellites’ measurements of soil moisture conditions since the 1980s. In this study, both volumetric soil moisture and soil moisture standardized anomalies from the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) were compared with ESA’s Combined and Passive datasets. Results from this study indicate the importance of using standardized anomalies over volumetric soil moisture conditions as satellite datasets were unable to capture the frequency of conditions observed at the extreme ends of the volumetric distribution. Overall, the Combined dataset had slightly lower measures of soil moisture anomaly errors for all regions; although these differences were not statistically significant. Both satellite datasets were able to detect the evolution from worsening to amelioration of the 2012 drought across the central United States and 2019 flood over the upper Missouri River basin. While the ESA datasets were not able to detect the magnitude of the extremes, the ESA standardized datasets were able to detect the interannual variability of extreme wet and dry day counts for most climate regions. These results suggest that remotely sensed standardized soil moisture can be included in hydrological monitoring systems and combined with in situ measures to detect the magnitude of extreme conditions. Significance Statement This study examines how well soil moisture extremes, wet or dry, can be detected from space using one of the lengthiest remotely sensed soil moisture datasets. Comparisons with high-quality station data from the U.S. Climate Reference Network revealed the satellite datasets could capture the frequency of extreme conditions important for climate monitoring, but often missed the absolute magnitudes of the extremes. Future research should focus on how to combine satellite and station data to improve the detection of extreme values important for monitoring. DA - 2023/11// PY - 2023/11// DO - 10.1175/JAMC-D-23-0059.1 VL - 62 IS - 11 SP - 1611-1626 SN - 1558-8432 KW - Drought KW - Extreme events KW - Soil moisture KW - Satellite observations ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation of Seasonal Differences among Three NOAA Climate Data Records of Precipitation AU - Prat, Olivier P. AU - Nelson, Brian R. T2 - JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY AB - Abstract Three satellite precipitation datasets—CMORPH, PERSIANN-CDR, and GPCP—from the NOAA/Climate Data Record program were evaluated in their ability to capture seasonal differences in precipitation for the period 2007–18 over the conterminous United States. Data from the in situ U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) provided reference precipitation measurements and collocated atmospheric conditions (temperature) at the daily scale. Satellite precipitation products’ (SPP) performance with respect to cold season precipitation was compared to warm season and full-year analysis for benchmarking purposes. Considering an ensemble of typical performance metrics including accuracy, false alarm ratio, probability of detection, probability of false detection, and the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) that combines correlation, bias, and variability, we found that the three SPPs displayed better performances during the warm season than during the cold season. Among the three datasets, CMORPH displayed better performance—smaller bias, higher correlation, and a better KGE score—than the two other SPPs on an annual basis and during the warm season. During the cold season, CMORPH showed the worst performance at higher latitudes over areas experiencing recurring snow or frozen and mixed precipitation. CMORPH’s performances were further degraded compared to PERSIANN-CDR and GPCP when considering freezing temperatures ( T < 0°C) due to the inability to microwave sensors to retrieve precipitation over snow-covered surface. However, for cold rainfall events detected simultaneously by the satellite and the USCRN stations (i.e., conditional case), CMORPH performance noticeably improved but remained inferior to the two other datasets. The quantification of seasonal precipitation errors and biases for three satellite precipitation datasets presented in this work provides an objective basis for the improvement of rainfall retrieval algorithms of the next generation of satellite precipitation products. DA - 2023/9// PY - 2023/9// DO - 10.1175/JHM-D-22-0108.1 VL - 24 IS - 9 SP - 1527-1548 SN - 1525-7541 KW - Atmosphere KW - Precipitation KW - Climate records KW - Satellite observations ER - TY - JOUR TI - A difference-in difference analysis of the South Carolina 2015 extreme floods and the association with maternal health AU - Sugg, Margaret M. . AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. . AU - Ryan, Sophia C. . AU - Wertis, Luke T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AB - Research documenting the public health impacts of natural disasters often focuses on adults and children. Little research has examined the influence of extreme events, like floods, on maternal health, and less has examined the effect of disasters on maternal indicators like severe maternal morbidity (SMM) or unexpected outcomes of labor and delivery. The aim of this study is to identify the impacts of the 2015 flood events on maternal health outcomes in South Carolina, USA. We employ a quasi-experimental design using a difference-in-difference analysis with log-binomial regressions to evaluate outcomes for impacted and control locations during the disaster event. Unlike previous studies, we extended our difference-in-difference analysis to include a trimester of exposure to assess the timing of flood exposure. We did not find evidence of statistically significant main effects on maternal health from the 2015 flood events related to preterm birth, gestational diabetes, mental disorders of pregnancy, depression, and generalized anxiety. However, we did find a statistically significant increase in SMM and low birth weight during the flood event for women in select trimester periods who were directly exposed. Our work provides new evidence on the effects of extreme flood events, like the 2015 floods, which can impact maternal health during specific exposure periods of pregnancy. Additional research is needed across other extreme weather events, as the unique context of the 2015 floods limits the generalizability of our findings. DA - 2023/10/15/ PY - 2023/10/15/ DO - 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104037 VL - 97 SP - SN - 2212-4209 KW - Difference-in-difference analysis KW - Severe maternal morbidity KW - Flood KW - Natural disasters KW - Maternal health KW - Southeastern United States KW - Climate disasters KW - Pregnancy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Acute Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke Exposure During a Compound Event: A Case-Crossover Study of the 2016 Great Smoky Mountain Wildfires AU - Duncan, Sara AU - Reed, Charlie AU - Spurlock, Taylin AU - Sugg, Margaret M. AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. T2 - GEOHEALTH AB - In 2016, unprecedented intense wildfires burned over 150,000 acres in the southern Appalachian Mountains in the United States. Smoke from these fires greatly impacted the region and exposure to this smoke was significant. A bidirectional case-crossover design was applied to assess the relationship between PM2.5 (a surrogate for wildfire smoke) exposure and respiratory- and cardiovascular-related emergency department (ED) visits in Western North Carolina during these events. For 0-, 3-, and 7-day lags, findings indicated a significant increase in the odds of being admitted to the ED for a respiratory (ORs: 1.055, 95% CI: 1.048-1.063; 1.083, 1.074-1.092; 1.066, 1.058-1.074; respectively) or cardiovascular event (ORs: 1.052, 95% CI: 1.045-1.060; 1.074, 1.066-1.081; 1.067, 1.060-1.075; respectively) for every 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 over a chosen cutpoint of 20.4 μg/m3. For all endpoints assessed except for emphysema, there were statistically significant increases in odds from 5.1% to 8.3%. In general, this increase was most pronounced 3 days after exposure. Additionally, individuals aged 55+ generally experience higher odds of heart disease at the 3- and 7-day lag points, and Black/African Americans generally experience higher odds of asthma at the 3-day lag point. In general, larger fires and increased numbers of fires within counties resulted in higher health burden at same day exposure. In a secondary analysis, the odds of an ED visit increased by over 40% in several cases among people exposed to days above the Environmental Protection Agency 24-hr PM2.5 standard of 35 μg/m3. Our findings provide new understanding on the health impacts of wildfires on rural populations in the southeastern US. DA - 2023/10// PY - 2023/10// DO - 10.1029/2023GH000860 VL - 7 IS - 10 SP - SN - 2471-1403 KW - exposure KW - wildfires KW - emergency department KW - smoke ER - TY - JOUR TI - NOAA Open Data Dissemination: Petabyte-scale Earth system data in the cloud AU - Willett, Denis S. AU - Brannock, Jonathan AU - Dissen, Jenny AU - Keown, Patrick AU - Szura, Katelyn AU - Brown, Otis B. AU - Simonson, Adrienne T2 - SCIENCE ADVANCES AB - NOAA Open Data Dissemination (NODD) makes NOAA environmental data publicly and freely available on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure (Azure), and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). These data can be accessed by anyone with an internet connection and span key datasets across the Earth system including satellite imagery, radar, weather models and observations, ocean databases, and climate data records. Since its inception, NODD has grown to provide public access to more than 24 PB of NOAA data and can support billions of requests and petabytes of access daily. Stakeholders routinely access more than 5 PB of NODD data every month. NODD continues to grow to support open petabyte-scale Earth system data science in the cloud by onboarding additional NOAA data and exploring performant data formats. Here, we document how this program works with a focus on provenance, key datasets, and use. We also highlight how to access these data with the goal of accelerating use of NOAA resources in the cloud. DA - 2023/9/22/ PY - 2023/9/22/ DO - 10.1126/sciadv.adh0032 VL - 9 IS - 38 SP - SN - 2375-2548 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Garbage in, garbage out: mitigating risks and maximizing benefits of AI in research AU - Hanson, Brooks AU - Stall, Shelley AU - Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Joel AU - Vrouwenvelder, Kristina AU - Wirz, Christopher AU - Rao, Yuhan AU - Peng, Ge T2 - NATURE AB - Artificial-intelligence tools are transforming data-driven science — better ethical standards and more robust data curation are needed to fuel the boom and prevent a bust. Artificial-intelligence tools are transforming data-driven science — better ethical standards and more robust data curation are needed to fuel the boom and prevent a bust. DA - 2023/11/2/ PY - 2023/11/2/ DO - 10.1038/d41586-023-03316-8 VL - 623 IS - 7985 SP - 28-31 SN - 1476-4687 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-03316-8 KW - Computer science KW - Technology KW - Policy ER - TY - RPRT TI - Developing Digital Twins for Earth Systems: Purpose, Requisites, and Benefits AU - Rao, Yuhan AU - Redmon, Rob AU - Dale, Kirstine AU - Haupt, Sue E. AU - Hopkinson, Aaron AU - Bostrom, Ann AU - Boukabara, Sid AU - Geenen, Thomas AU - Hall, David M. AU - Smith, Benjamin D. AU - Niyogi, Dev AU - Ramaswamy, V. AU - Kihn, Eric A. A3 - arXiv AB - The accelerated change in our planet due to human activities has led to grand societal challenges including health crises, intensified extreme weather events, food security, environmental injustice, etc. Digital twin systems combined with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and edge computing provide opportunities to support planning and decision-making to address these challenges. Digital twins for Earth systems (DT4ESs) are defined as the digital representation of the complex integrated Earth system including both natural processes and human activities. They have the potential to enable a diverse range of users to explore what-if scenarios across spatial and temporal scales to improve our understanding, prediction, mitigation, and adaptation to grand societal challenges. The 4th NOAA AI Workshop convened around 100 members who are developing or interested in participating in the development of DT4ES to discuss a shared community vision and path forward on fostering a future ecosystem of interoperable DT4ES. This paper summarizes the workshop discussions around DT4ES. We first defined the foundational features of a viable digital twins for Earth system that can be used to guide the development of various use cases of DT4ES. Finally, we made practical recommendations for the community on different aspects of collaboration in order to enable a future ecosystem of interoperable DT4ES, including equity-centered use case development, community-driven investigation of interoperability for DT4ES, trust-oriented co-development, and developing a community of practice. DA - 2023/6/19/ PY - 2023/6/19/ DO - 10.48550/ARXIV.2306.11175 PB - arXiv UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.11175 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Socio-Environmental Determinants of Mental and Behavioral Disorders in Youth: A Machine Learning Approach AU - Wertis, Luke AU - Sugg, Margaret M. AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. AU - Rao, Douglas T2 - GEOHEALTH AB - Abstract Growing evidence indicates that extreme environmental conditions in summer months have an adverse impact on mental and behavioral disorders (MBD), but there is limited research looking at youth populations. The objective of this study was to apply machine learning approaches to identify key variables that predict MBD‐related emergency room (ER) visits in youths in select North Carolina cities among adolescent populations. Daily MBD‐related ER visits, which totaled over 42,000 records, were paired with daily environmental conditions, as well as sociodemographic variables to determine if certain conditions lead to higher vulnerability to exacerbated mental health disorders. Four machine learning models (i.e., generalized linear model, generalized additive model, extreme gradient boosting, random forest) were used to assess the predictive performance of multiple environmental and sociodemographic variables on MBD‐related ER visits for all cities. The best‐performing machine learning model was then applied to each of the six individual cities. As a subanalysis, a distributed lag nonlinear model was used to confirm results. In the all cities scenario, sociodemographic variables contributed the greatest to the overall MBD prediction. In the individual cities scenario, four cities had a 24‐hr difference in the maximum temperature, and two of the cities had a 24‐hr difference in the minimum temperature, maximum temperature, or Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a leading predictor of MBD ER visits. Results can inform the use of machine learning models for predicting MBD during high‐temperature events and identify variables that affect youth MBD responses during these events. DA - 2023/9// PY - 2023/9// DO - 10.1029/2023GH000839 VL - 7 IS - 9 SP - SN - 2471-1403 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023gh000839 KW - machine learning KW - mental and behavioral disorders KW - distributed lag non-linear model KW - youths KW - ambient temperature KW - greenspace ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes of Hydrological Extremes in the Center of Eastern Europe and Their Plausible Causes AU - Danilovich, Irina S. AU - Loginov, Vladimir F. AU - Groisman, Pavel Y. T2 - WATER AB - Regional studies of precipitation changes over Europe show that its eastern part is characterized by small changes in annual precipitation and insignificant aridity trends compared to central and southern Europe. However, a frequency analysis over the past 30 years showed statistically significant increasing dryness trends in eastern Europe and an increase in the occurrence of extremely high rainfall as well as prolonged no-rain intervals during the warm season. The largest increase in aridity was observed in the western and central parts of Belarus. During 1990–2020, the frequency of dry periods doubled in all river basins along the Black, Caspian, and Baltic Sea water divide areas of eastern Europe. From 1970 to 1990, there were high streamflow rates during the winter low-flow season. Consequently, over the past 50 years, in spring, we observed here a continued decrease in maximal discharges across all river basins. In summer, we detected a statistically significant increase in the number of days with anticyclonic weather over eastern Europe, a decrease in rainfall duration by 15–20%, an increase in daily precipitation maxima by 20–30%, and an increase in the number of days with a low relative humidity by 1–4 days per decade. DA - 2023/8// PY - 2023/8// DO - 10.3390/w15162992 VL - 15 IS - 16 SP - SN - 2073-4441 KW - eastern Europe KW - Belarus KW - trends KW - recent hydrological changes KW - floods KW - aridity KW - rainfall duration and maxima ER - TY - JOUR TI - Advances in tropical cyclone prediction on subseasonal time scales during 2019-2022 AU - Schreck III, Carl J. AU - Vitart, Frederic AU - Camargo, Suzana J. AU - Camp, Joanne AU - Darlow, James AU - Elsberry, Russell AU - Gottschalck, Jon AU - Gregory, Paul AU - Hansen, Kurt AU - Jackson, Justyn AU - Janiga, Matthew A. AU - Klotzbach, Philip J. AU - Lee, Chia-Ying AU - Long, Lindsey AU - Nakano, Masuo AU - Takemura, Kazuto AU - Takaya, Yuhei AU - Ventrice, Michael J. AU - Wang, Zhuo T2 - TROPICAL CYCLONE RESEARCH AND REVIEW AB - This review describes advances in understanding and forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) subseasonal variability during the past four years. A large effort by the scientific community has been in understanding the sources of predictability at subseasonal timescales beyond the well-known modulation of TC activity by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). In particular, the strong modulation of TC activity over the western North Pacific by the Boreal Summer Intra-Seasonal Oscillation (BSISO) has been documented. Progress has also been realized in understanding the role of tropical-extratropical interactions in improving subseasonal forecasts. In addition, several recent publications have shown that extratropical wave breaking may have a role in the genesis and development of TCs. Analyses of multi-model ensemble data sets such as the Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) and Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) have shown that the skill of S2S models in predicting the genesis of TCs varies strongly among models and regions but is often tied to their ability to simulate the MJO and its impacts. The skill in select models has led to an increase over the past four years in the number of forecasting centers issuing subseasonal TC forecasts using various techniques (statistical, statistical-dynamical and dynamical). More extensive verification studies have been published over the last four years, but often only for the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific. DA - 2023/6// PY - 2023/6// DO - 10.1016/j.tcrr.2023.06.004 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 136-150 SN - 2225-6032 KW - Tropical cyclones KW - Subseasonal KW - Forecasts KW - Hurricanes KW - MJO ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating co-occurring space-time clusters of depression and suicide-related outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic AU - Ryan, Sophia C. AU - Desjardins, Michael R. AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. AU - Wertis, Luke AU - Sugg, Margaret M. T2 - SPATIAL AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AB - Rapidly emerging research on the mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic shows increasing patterns of psychological distress, including anxiety and depression, and self-harming behaviors, particularly during the early months of the pandemic. Yet, few studies have investigated the spatial and temporal changes in depressive disorders and suicidal behavior during the pandemic. The objective of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate geographic patterns of emergency department admissions for depression and suicidal behavior in North Carolina before (March 2017-February 2020) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 - December 2021). Univariate cluster detection examined each outcome separately and multivariate cluster detection was used to examine the co-occurrence of depression and suicide-related outcomes in SatScan; the Rand index evaluated cluster overlap. Cluster analyses were adjusted for age, race, and sex. Findings suggest that the mental health burden of depression and suicide-related outcomes remained high in many communities throughout the pandemic. Rural communities exhibited a larger increase in the co-occurrence of depression and suicide-related ED visits during the pandemic period. Results showed the exacerbation of depression and suicide-related outcomes in select communities and emphasize the need for targeted and sustained mental health interventions throughout the many phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. DA - 2023/11// PY - 2023/11// DO - 10.1016/j.sste.2023.100607 VL - 47 SP - SN - 1877-5853 KW - Mental health KW - Cluster analysis KW - COVID-19 KW - SaTScan KW - Depression KW - Self-injury KW - Self-harm ER - TY - JOUR TI - A spatial analysis of power-dependent medical equipment and extreme weather risk in the southeastern United States AU - Spurlock, Taylin AU - Sewell, Kelly AU - Sugg, Margaret M. AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. AU - Mercado, Rodrigo AU - Tyson, Jennifer Schroeder AU - Russell, Jamie T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AB - Extreme weather events endanger critical health infrastructure, and many individuals rely on infrastructure to meet their basic needs, such as heat, water, and medical devices. The purpose of this study is to identify spatially explicit at-risk populations for power outages due to these extreme weather events. To accomplish this, we used the HHS emPOWER Emergency Planning Dataset, which was created to help public health authorities plan for and address the needs of communities. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), we overlay emPOWER data with the frequency of extreme weather events, including wildfires, hurricanes, tornadoes, and ice storms. Through our analysis, we identified vulnerable areas for high rates of disasters and electricity-dependent durable medical equipment (DME) to be located in communities along the coast. We also found a higher concentration of DME in rural areas compared to urban areas. In addition, we found least privileged economic locations are disproportionately vulnerable to power outages in the southeastern United States due to their high concentration of DME individuals. These results will inform public health officials where to target interventions to ensure continuity of care for vulnerable populations during power outages at the community level. DA - 2023/9// PY - 2023/9// DO - 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103844 VL - 95 SP - SN - 2212-4209 KW - Disaster risk KW - Power-dependent devices KW - Power outages KW - Extreme weather events KW - Geographic information systems ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate change and health in rural mountain environments: summary of a workshop on knowledge gaps, barriers, and opportunities for action AU - Sugg, Margaret Mae AU - Ryan, Sophia AU - Spurlock, Taylin AU - Duncan, Sara AU - Hege, Adam AU - Ogwu, Matthew Chidozie AU - Tyson, Jennifer AU - Shay, Elizabeth AU - Renwick, Kelly Ann AU - Hendren, Christine AU - Roy, Manan AU - Runkle, Jennfier D. T2 - GEOJOURNAL DA - 2023/8/2/ PY - 2023/8/2/ DO - 10.1007/s10708-023-10916-4 SP - SN - 1572-9893 KW - Climate change KW - Health KW - Climate-health KW - Rural KW - Rural mountain environments KW - The vulnerability of rural populations KW - Climate-health resilience ER - TY - JOUR TI - Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Field Control of Onion Maggot (Delia antiqua) and Compatibility with Seed Treatments AU - Filgueiras, Camila C. AU - Shields, Elson J. AU - Nault, Brian A. AU - Willett, Denis S. T2 - INSECTS AB - Onion maggot (Delia antiqua) is a prominent pest of allium crops in temperate zones worldwide. Management of this pest relies on prophylactic insecticide applications at planting that target the first generation. Because effective options are limited, growers are interested in novel tactics such as deployment of entomopathogenic nematodes. We surveyed muck soils where onions are typically grown to determine if entomopathogenic nematode species were present, and then evaluated the compatibility of entomopathogenic nematode species with the insecticides commonly used to manage D. antiqua. We also evaluated the efficacy of these entomopathogenic nematodes for reducing D. antiqua infestations in the field. No endemic entomopathogenic nematodes were detected in surveys of muck fields in New York. Compatibility assays indicated that, although insecticides such as spinosad and, to some extent, cyromazine did cause mortality of entomopathogenic nematodes, these insecticides did not affect infectivity of the entomopathogenic nematodes. Field trials indicated that applications of entomopathogenic nematodes can reduce the percentage of onion plants killed by D. antiqua from 6% to 30%. Entomopathogenic nematodes reduced D. antiqua damage and increased end of season yield over two field seasons. Applications of entomopathogenic nematodes may be a viable option for reducing D. antiqua populations in conventional and organic systems. Together with other management tactics, like insecticide seed treatments, applications of entomopathogenic nematodes can provide a yield boost and a commercially acceptable level of D. antiqua control. DA - 2023/7// PY - 2023/7// DO - 10.3390/insects14070623 VL - 14 IS - 7 SP - SN - 2075-4450 KW - biological control KW - conventional management KW - soil pests KW - bulb yield ER - TY - JOUR TI - Association between urban greenspace, tree canopy cover and intentional deaths: An exploratory geospatial analysis AU - Ryan, Sophia C. AU - Sugg, Margaret M. AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. T2 - URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING AB - Greenspaces can provide restorative experiences, offer opportunities for outdoor recreation, and reduce mental fatigue; all of which may improve community health and safety. Yet few studies have examined the neighborhood-level benefits of greenspace in reducing violent deaths. This study explored the association between three distinct greenspace metrics: public greenspace quantity, public greenspace accessibility, neighborhood tree canopy cover, and intentional deaths (i.e., homicides and suicides). Generalized linear models and spatial error models investigated the association between greenspace, tree canopy and intentional deaths in three geographically distinct cities in North Carolina, USA. Results revealed that increased neighborhood greenspace accessibility and tree canopy cover were associated with reduced intentional deaths in all three urban areas. Neighborhood greenspace accessibility was the most protective factor across all study areas. The association between neighborhood greenspace accessibility and intentional deaths was more significant for non-firearm deaths as compared to firearm deaths, indicating that weapon type may be an important consideration for neighborhood greenspace interventions. Compared to predominantly White neighborhoods, predominantly Black neighborhoods had higher rates of homicide in Asheville and Durham and higher rates of suicide in Charlotte. Future policy and research should focus on improving equitable access to existing and future greenspaces, especially in primarily Black neighborhoods. DA - 2023/8// PY - 2023/8// DO - 10.1016/j.ufug.2023.128015 VL - 86 SP - SN - 1610-8167 KW - Suicide KW - Homicide KW - Spatial regression KW - Greenspace accessibility KW - Greenspace quantity KW - Green space ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence for Environmental Sciences An Innovative Approach for Summer School AU - McGovern, Amy AU - Gagne, David John AU - Wirz, Christopher D. AU - Ebert-Uphoff, Imme AU - Bostrom, Ann AU - Rao, Yuhan AU - Schumacher, Andrea AU - Flora, Montgomery AU - Chase, Randy AU - Mamalakis, Antonios AU - McGraw, Marie AU - Lagerquist, Ryan AU - Redmon, Robert J. AU - Peterson, Taysia T2 - BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY AB - Abstract Many of our generation’s most pressing environmental science problems are wicked problems, which means they cannot be cleanly isolated and solved with a single “correct” answer. The NSF AI Institute for Research on Trustworthy AI in Weather, Climate, and Coastal Oceanography (AI2ES) seeks to address such problems by developing synergistic approaches with a team of scientists from three disciplines: environmental science (including atmospheric, ocean, and other physical sciences), artificial intelligence (AI), and social science including risk communication. As part of our work, we developed a novel approach to summer school, held from 27 to 30 June 2022. The goal of this summer school was to teach a new generation of environmental scientists how to cross disciplines and develop approaches that integrate all three disciplinary perspectives and approaches in order to solve environmental science problems. In addition to a lecture series that focused on the synthesis of AI, environmental science, and risk communication, this year’s summer school included a unique “trust-a-thon” component where participants gained hands-on experience applying both risk communication and explainable AI techniques to pretrained machine learning models. We had 677 participants from 63 countries register and attend online. Lecture topics included trust and trustworthiness (day 1), explainability and interpretability (day 2), data and workflows (day 3), and uncertainty quantification (day 4). For the trust-a-thon, we developed challenge problems for three different application domains: 1) severe storms, 2) tropical cyclones, and 3) space weather. Each domain had associated user persona to guide user-centered development. DA - 2023/6// PY - 2023/6// DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0225.1 VL - 104 IS - 6 SP - E1222-E1231 SN - 1520-0477 KW - KEYWORDS KW - Education KW - Artificial intelligence KW - Machine learning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Association Between Perinatal Mental Health and Pregnancy and Neonatal Complications: A Retrospective Birth Cohort Study AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. AU - Risley, Kendra AU - Roy, Manan AU - Sugg, Margaret M. T2 - WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES AB - Background Maternal mental health as an important precursor to reproductive and neonatal complications remains understudied in the United States, particularly in the Southeastern region, despite high medical costs, maternal morbidity, and infant burden. This study sought to estimate the incidence of perinatal mental health disorders and the associated increased risk of leading pregnancy and infant complications. Methods A population-based retrospective birth cohort of childbirth hospitalizations and readmissions was constructed for women in South Carolina, 1999 to 2017. Prevalence rates were calculated for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMAD), severe mental illness, and mental disorders of pregnancy (MDP). Poisson regression models using generalized estimating equations were used to estimate adjusted relative risks for the association between mental health conditions and severe maternal morbidity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, preterm birth, and low birthweight. Results The most prevalent maternal mental condition was MDP (3.9%), followed by PMAD (2.7%) and severe mental illness (0.13%). PMAD was associated with a higher risk of severe maternal morbidity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and cesarean section, as well as a higher risk of preterm birth and low birthweight infants. Severe mental illness was associated with low birthweight, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and cesarean section. Pregnant populations with MDP were more at risk for severe maternal morbidity, preterm birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, low birthweight, and cesarean section. Each maternal mental health outcome was associated with an increased risk for hospital readmissions up to 45 days after childbirth. Conclusions Results demonstrate the escalating burden of PMAD and MDP for pregnant populations over time, with important consequences related to maternal and infant morbidity. DA - 2023/// PY - 2023/// DO - 10.1016/j.whi.2022.12.001 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 289-299 SN - 1878-4321 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial Analysis of Greenspace and Mental Health in North Carolina Consideration of Rural and Urban Communities AU - Ryan, Sophia C. AU - Sugg, Margaret M. AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. AU - Matthews, Jessica L. T2 - FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH AB - Greenspace positively impacts mental health. Previous research has focused on the greenspace-mental health relationship in urban areas. Yet, little work has looked at rural areas despite rural communities reporting similar rates of poor mental health outcomes and higher rates of suicide mortality compared with urban areas. This ecological research study examined the following research questions: (1) Do public and/or private greenspaces affect the spatial distribution of mental health outcomes in North Carolina? (2) Does this relationship change with rurality? Emergency department data for 6 mental health conditions and suicide mortality data from 2009 to 2018 were included in this analysis. Spatial error and ordinary least squares regressions were used to examine the influence of public and private greenspace quantity on mental health in rural and urban communities. Results suggest greenspace benefits mental health in rural and urban communities. The strength of this relationship varies with urbanity and between public and private greenspaces, suggesting a more complex causal relationship. Given the high case counts and often lower density of mental health care facilities in rural areas, focusing attention on low-cost mental health interventions, such as greenspace, is important when considering rural mental health care. DA - 2023/// PY - 2023/// DO - 10.1097/FCH.0000000000000363 VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 181-191 SN - 1550-5057 KW - greenspace KW - mental health KW - spatial analysis KW - suicide ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surface Wind Speeds and Enthalpy Fluxes During Tropical Cyclone Formation From Easterly Waves: A CYGNSS View AU - Aiyyer, Anantha AU - Schreck, Carl T2 - GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - Abstract We examined the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) retrievals of surface wind speeds and enthalpy fluxes in African easterly waves that led to the formation of 30 Atlantic tropical cyclones during 2018–2021. Lag composites show a cyclonic proto‐vortex as early as 3 days prior to tropical cyclogenesis. The enthalpy flux distribution does not vary substantially before cyclogenesis, but subsequently, there is a marked increase in the extreme upper values. In the composites, a negative radial gradient of enthalpy fluxes becomes apparent 2–3 days before cyclogenesis. These results—based on novel data blending satellite retrievals and global reanalysis—support the findings from recent studies that the spin‐up of tropical cyclones is associated with a shift of peak convection toward the vortex core and an inward increase of enthalpy fluxes. DA - 2023/3/28/ PY - 2023/3/28/ DO - 10.1029/2022GL100823 VL - 50 IS - 6 SP - SN - 1944-8007 KW - surface fluxes KW - easterly waves KW - tropical cyclones KW - tropical cyclogenesis KW - WISHE KW - dynamics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cascading disasters and mental health: The February 2021 winter storm and power crisis in Texas, USA AU - Sugg, Margaret M. AU - Wertis, Luke AU - Ryan, Sophia C. AU - Green, Shannon AU - Singh, Devyani AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. T2 - SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT AB - In February 2021, the state of Texas and large parts of the US were affected by a severe cold air outbreak and winter weather event. This event resulted in large-scale power outages and cascading impacts, including limited access to potable water, multiple days without electricity, and large-scale infrastructure damage. Little is known about the mental health implications of these events, as most research has predominantly focused on the mental health effects of exposure to hurricanes, wildfires, or other natural disasters that are more commonly found in the summer months. This study aimed to analyze the crisis responses from the 2021 winter weather event in Texas using Crisis Text Line, a text-based messaging service that provides confidential crisis counseling nationwide. To date, Crisis Text Line is the largest national crisis text service, with over 8 million crisis conversations since its inception in 2013. We employed multiple analytic techniques, including segmented regression, interrupted time series, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and difference-in-difference (DID), to investigate distinct time periods of exposure for all crisis conversations. ARIMA and DID were further utilized to examine specific crisis outcomes, including depression, stress/anxiety, and thoughts of suicide. Results found increases in total crisis conversations and for thoughts of suicide after the initial winter weather event; however, crisis outcomes varied in time. Thoughts of suicide in high-impact regions were higher across multiple time periods (e.g., 4-weeks, 3-months, 6-months, 9-months and 11-months) compared to low-impact regions and were elevated compared to pre-event time periods for 6-months and 11-months from the initial event. Total crisis volume also remained elevated for high-impact regions compared to low-impact regions up to 11-months after the beginning of the winter event. Our work highlights that cascading winter weather events, like the Texas 2021 Winter storm, negatively impacted mental health. Future research is needed across different disaster types (e.g., cascading, concurrent events) and for specific crisis outcomes (e.g., depression, suicidal ideation) to understand the optimal timing of crisis intervention post-disaster. DA - 2023/7/1/ PY - 2023/7/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163231 VL - 880 SP - SN - 1879-1026 KW - Interrupted time series KW - Mental health KW - Cascading disasters KW - Power outage KW - Winter storm KW - Depression KW - Suicide ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on Continental United States Hurricane Landfalls AU - Klotzbach, Philip J. AU - Schreck III, Carl J. J. AU - Compo, Gilbert P. AU - Wood, Kimberly M. AU - Oliver, Eric C. J. AU - Bowen, Steven G. AU - Bell, Michael M. T2 - GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS AB - Abstract The Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) significantly impacts North Atlantic hurricanes, with increased hurricane activity occurring when the MJO enhances convection over Africa and the tropical Indian Ocean and suppressed hurricane activity occurring when the MJO enhances convection over the tropical Pacific. Using data from 1905 to 2015, we find more tropical cyclones (TCs) make landfall in the continental United States when the MJO enhances tropical Indian Ocean convection. In addition, when the MJO enhances Western Pacific and Western Hemisphere convection, TC activity is preferentially favored in the Caribbean, leading to more Gulf Coast landfalls. As MJO‐enhanced convection moves to the Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent, more storms form in the tropical Atlantic, favoring Florida Peninsula and East Coast landfalls. The MJO's TC steering wind modulation appears to be secondary to its genesis location modulation. DA - 2023/4/16/ PY - 2023/4/16/ DO - 10.1029/2023GL102762 VL - 50 IS - 7 SP - SN - 1944-8007 KW - tropical cyclone KW - hurricane KW - Madden-Julian oscillation KW - hurricane landfall KW - hurricane damage ER - TY - JOUR TI - Severe Maternal Morbidity in Georgia, 2009-2020 AU - Kramer, Michael R. AU - Labgold, Katie AU - Zertuche, Adrienne D. AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. AU - Bryan, Michael AU - Freymann, Gordon R. AU - Austin, David AU - Adams, E. Kathleen AU - Dunlop, Anne L. T2 - MEDICAL CARE AB - The increasing focus of population surveillance and research on maternal-and not only fetal and infant-health outcomes is long overdue. The United States maternal mortality rate is higher than any other high-income country, and Georgia is among the highest rates in the country. Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) is conceived of as a "near miss" for maternal mortality, is 50 times more common than maternal death, and efforts to systematically monitor SMM rates in populations have increased in recent years. Much of the current population-based research on SMM has occurred in coastal states or large cities, despite substantial geographical variation with higher maternal and infant health burdens in the Southeast and rural regions.This population-based study uses hospital discharge records linked to vital statistics to describe the epidemiology of SMM in Georgia between 2009 and 2020.Georgia had a higher SMM rate than the United States overall (189.2 vs. 144 per 10,000 deliveries in Georgia in 2014, the most recent year with US estimates). SMM was higher among racially minoritized pregnant persons and those at the extremes of age, of lower socioeconomic status, and with comorbid chronic conditions. SMM rates were 5 to 6 times greater for pregnant people delivering infants <1500 grams or <32 weeks' gestation as compared with those delivering normal weight or term infants. Since 2015, SMM has increased in Georgia.SMM represents a collection of life-threatening emergencies that are unevenly distributed in the population and require increased attention. This descriptive analysis provides initial guidance for programmatic interventions intending to reduce the burden of SMM and, subsequently, maternal mortality in the US South. DA - 2023/5// PY - 2023/5// DO - 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001819 VL - 61 IS - 5 SP - 258-267 SN - 1537-1948 KW - severe maternal morbidity KW - surveillance KW - retrospective birth cohort KW - maternal health ER - TY - JOUR TI - Increasing Fuel Loads, Fire Hazard, and Carbon Emissions from Fires in Central Siberia AU - Kukavskaya, Elena A. A. AU - Shvetsov, Evgeny G. G. AU - Buryak, Ludmila V. V. AU - Tretyakov, Pavel D. D. AU - Groisman, Pavel Ya. T2 - FIRE-SWITZERLAND AB - The vast Angara region, with an area of 13.8 million ha, is located in the southern taiga of central Siberia, Russia. This is one of the most disturbed regions by both fire and logging in northern Asia. We have developed surface and ground fuel-load maps by integrating satellite and ground-based data with respect to the forest-growing conditions and the disturbance of the territory by anthropogenic and natural factors (fires and logging). We found that from 2001 to 2020, fuel loads increased by 8% in the study region, mainly due to a large amount of down woody debris at clearcuts and burned sites. The expansion of the disturbed areas in the Angara region resulted in an increase in natural fire hazards in spring and summer. Annual carbon emissions from fires varied from 0.06 to 6.18 Mt, with summer emissions accounting for more than 95% in extreme fire years and 31–68% in the years of low fire activity. While the trend in the increase in annual carbon emissions from fires is not statistically significant due to its high interannual variability and a large disturbance of the study area, there are significantly increasing trends in mean carbon emissions from fires per unit area (p < 0.005) and decadal means (p < 0.1). In addition, we found significant trends in the increase in emissions released by severe fires (p < 0.005) and by fires in wetter, dark, coniferous (spruce, p < 0.005 and Siberian pine, p < 0.025) forests. This indicates deeper burning and loss of legacy carbon that impacts on the carbon cycle resulting in climate feedback. DA - 2023/2// PY - 2023/2// DO - 10.3390/fire6020063 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - SN - 2571-6255 KW - boreal forests KW - Angara region KW - fires KW - clearcuts KW - surface and ground fuels KW - fuel-load maps ER - TY - JOUR TI - Examining Hurricane Ida's Impact on Mental Health: Results From a Quasi-Experimental Analysis AU - Wertis, Luke AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. AU - Sugg, Margaret M. AU - Singh, Devyani T2 - GEOHEALTH AB - Abstract Limited research has evaluated the mental health effects during compounding disasters (e.g., a hurricane occurring during a pandemic), and few studies have examined post‐disaster mental health with alternative data sources like crisis text lines. This study examined changes in crisis help‐seeking for individuals in Louisiana, USA, before and after Hurricane Ida (2021), a storm that co‐occurred during the COVID‐19 pandemic. An interrupted time series analysis and difference‐in‐difference analysis for single and multiple group comparisons were used to examine pre‐and post‐changes in crisis text volume (i.e., any crisis text, substance use, thoughts of suicide, stress/anxiety, and bereavement) among help‐seeking individuals in communities that received US Federal Emergency Management Agency individual and public assistance following a presidential disaster declaration. Results showed a significant increase in crisis texts for any reason, thoughts of suicide, stress/anxiety, and bereavement in the four‐week, three‐month, and four‐month post‐impact period. Findings highlight the need for more mental health support for residents directly impacted by disasters like Hurricane Ida. DA - 2023/2// PY - 2023/2// DO - 10.1029/2022GH000707 VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - SN - 2471-1403 KW - Climate disaster KW - mental health KW - Crisis Text Line KW - ARIMA KW - difference-in-difference KW - interrupted time series analysis KW - thoughts of suicide KW - stress KW - anxiety KW - substance use KW - bereavement ER - TY - JOUR TI - Extending the HIRS Data Record with IASI Measurements AU - Inamdar, Anand K. AU - Shi, Lei AU - Lee, Hai-Tien AU - Jackson, Darren L. AU - Matthews, Jessica L. T2 - REMOTE SENSING AB - The High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) on the NOAA and the MetOp satellite series have provided global sounding measurements since the late 1970s, spanning over 40 years. These measurements have been useful in climate change detection, numerical weather prediction, and development of long-term climate data records of profiles of atmospheric temperature and humidity, cloud climatology, upper tropospheric water vapor, outgoing longwave radiation, etc. However, the HIRS instrument is being replaced by the new generation of sounders such as the hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on recently launched satellites. In order to continue and extend the HIRS record, we use IASI measurements to simulate and derive HIRS-like data for the 12 HIRS longwave channels. The MetOp satellite operated by EUMETSAT carries both the HIRS and the hyper-spectral IASI instrument with accurate spectral and radiometric calibration, providing a great opportunity to consistently calibrate the measurements. The IASI radiances are convolved with the HIRS spectral response functions to produce IASI-simulated HIRS (IHIRS) for the longwave channels. In the present work, IHIRS data are collocated and compared with HIRS observed radiances on the same satellite to develop a calibration table for each of the ascending/descending orbits and cloudy and clear categories. The resulting inter-instrument calibrated IHIRS data was found to agree with HIRS brightness temperatures within 0.05 K for all longwave channels. DA - 2023/2// PY - 2023/2// DO - 10.3390/rs15030717 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - SN - 2072-4292 KW - High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder KW - climate data record KW - Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer KW - calibration KW - validation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Short-term exposure to temperature and mental health in North Carolina: a distributed lag nonlinear analysis AU - Minor, Tyler AU - Sugg, Margaret AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. T2 - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY DA - 2023/2/13/ PY - 2023/2/13/ DO - 10.1007/s00484-023-02436-0 SP - SN - 1432-1254 KW - Ambient temperature KW - Mental health KW - Distributed lag nonlinear model KW - Suicide KW - Self-harm KW - Anxiety KW - Depression ER - TY - TI - Opensciency - A core open science curriculum by and for the research community AU - Almarzouq, Batool AU - Azevedo, Flavio AU - Batalha, Natasha AU - Bayer, Johanna AU - Bell, Tomo AU - Bhogal, Saranjeet AU - Black, Melissa AU - Brown, Sierra AU - Campitelli, Elio AU - Chegini, Taher AU - Dunleavy, Daniel AU - Ee, Yeo Keat AU - El-Gebali, Sara AU - Erdmann, Christopher AU - Ferdush, Jannatul AU - Fouilloux, Anne AU - Hall, Siobhan Mackenzie AU - Kherroubi Garcia, Ismael AU - Klusza, Stephen AU - Lacerda, Michel AU - Medina-Smith, Andrea AU - Meireles, Mariana AU - Muhammad, Shamsuddeen AU - Onabajo, Babatunde AU - Osman, Amber AU - Papadopoulou, Elli AU - Pauline, Karega AU - Plomp, Esther AU - Rao, Douglas AU - Ringuette, Rebecca AU - Saderi, Daniela AU - Shanahan, Hugh AU - Sharan, Malvika AU - Silan, Miguel AU - Sundukova, Mayya AU - Swetnam, Tyson AU - Vaz, Ana AU - Yehudi, Yo DA - 2023/2/22/ PY - 2023/2/22/ DO - 10.5281/ZENODO.7662732 PB - Zenodo UR - https://zenodo.org/record/7662732 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Crisis Response and Suicidal Behaviors of Essential Workers and Children of Essential Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic AU - Sugg, Margaret M. M. AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. D. AU - Ryan, Sophia C. C. AU - Singh, Devyani AU - Green, Shannon AU - Thompson, Martie T2 - PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has put unprecedented stress on essential workers and their children. Limited cross-sectional research has found increases in mental health conditions from workload, reduced income, and isolation among essential workers. Less research has been conducted on children of essential workers. We examined trends in the crisis response of essential workers and their children from April 2020 through August 2021.We investigated the impact during 3 periods of the pandemic on workers and their children using anonymized data from the Crisis Text Line on crisis help-seeking texts for thoughts of suicide or active suicidal ideation (desire, intent, capability, time frame), abuse (emotional, physical, sexual, unspecified), anxiety/stress, grief, depression, isolation, bullying, eating or body image, gender/sexual identity, self-harm, and substance use. We used generalized estimating equations to study the longitudinal change in crisis response across the later stages of the pandemic using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for worker status and crisis outcomes.Results demonstrated higher odds of crisis outcomes for thoughts of suicide (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.12) and suicide capability (aOR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.27) among essential workers than among nonessential workers. Children of essential workers had higher odds of substance use than children of nonessential workers (aOR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.08-1.65), particularly for Indigenous American children (aOR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.35-5.36). Essential workers (aOR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07-1.27) and their children (aOR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.30) had higher odds of grief than nonessential workers and their children.Essential workers and their children had elevated crisis outcomes. Immediate and low-cost psychologically supportive interventions are needed to mitigate the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on these populations. DA - 2023/1/26/ PY - 2023/1/26/ DO - 10.1177/00333549221148177 SP - SN - 1468-2877 KW - help-seeking behaviors KW - Crisis Text Line KW - essential workers KW - children of essential workers KW - COVID-19 pandemic KW - mental health ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploring Place-Based Differences in Suicide and Suicide-Related Outcomes Among North Carolina Adolescents and Young Adults AU - Sugg, Margaret M. AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. AU - Andersen, Lauren M. AU - Desjardins, Michael R. T2 - JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH AB - Suicide is an ongoing public health crisis among youth and adolescents, and few studies have investigated the spatial patterning in the United States among this subpopulation. Potential precursors to suicide in this vulnerable group are also on the rise, including nonfatal self-injury.This study uses emergency department data, death certificates, and violent death reporting system data for North Carolina from 2009 to 2018 to investigate spatial clusters of self-injury and suicide.Findings show that the demographic characteristics of individuals committing fatal and nonfatal self-injury are quite different. Self-injury and completed suicides exhibited different geographical patterns. Area-level measures like micropolitan status and measures of racial and income segregation predicted the presence of high-risk suicide clusters. Suicides among Native Americans and veteran status/military personnel also were associated with higher risk suicide clusters.Future interventions should target these specific high-risk locations for immediate reductions in adolescent and youth suicides. DA - 2023/1// PY - 2023/1// DO - 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.06.013 VL - 72 IS - 1 SP - 27-35 SN - 1879-1972 KW - Suicide KW - Self -harm KW - Suicide ideation KW - Spatial analysis KW - Mapping KW - Racial segregation KW - Rurality ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatio-Temporal Clustering of Adolescent Bereavement in the United States During the Extended Response to COVID-19: A Follow-Up Study AU - Ryan, Sophia C. AU - Runkle, Jennifer D. AU - Sugg, Margaret M. AU - Singh, Devyani AU - Green, Shannon AU - Wertis, Luke T2 - JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH AB - Purpose This follow-up study investigated the spatio-temporal clustering of adolescent bereavement during the extended response to COVID-19 from October 2020–January 2022 in the continental United States. Methods Deidentified and anonymized bereavement data from Crisis Text Line (CTL), a text-based crisis intervention service, and SaTScan cluster analysis were used to identify space-time clustering of bereavement among adolescents, aged 24 years and less, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Clustering of bereavement conversations occurred during waves of high COVID-19 case and death counts, with the highest risk occurring in the Southeastern United States during the fall of 2020 (relative risk: 5.86, confidence interval: 3.48–8.24). Of the CTL texters who shared their demographic information, Indigenous American, Black, male, and female adolescents were more likely to seek help for bereavement when compared to the other CTL users. Discussion Findings show an increased need for bereavement counseling resources during periods of high COVID-19 cases and deaths. DA - 2023/1// PY - 2023/1// DO - 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.08.021 VL - 72 IS - 1 SP - 156-159 SN - 1879-1972 KW - Crisis response KW - Cluster analysis KW - Bereavement KW - COVID-19 KW - Mental health KW - SaTScan KW - Digital interventions KW - Grief ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Smart Soil Organism Detector: An instrument and machine learning pipeline for soil species identification AU - Filgueiras, Camila C. AU - Kim, Yongwoon AU - Wickings, Kyle G. AU - El Borai, Faheim AU - Duncan, Larry W. AU - Willett, Denis S. T2 - BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS AB - Understanding the diversity of soil organisms is complicated by both scale and substrate. Every footprint we leave in the soil covers hundreds to millions of organisms yet we cannot see them without extremely laborious extraction and microsopy endeavors. Studying them is also challenging. Keeping them alive so that we can understand their lifecycles and ecological roles ranges from difficult to impossible. Functional and taxonomic identification of soil organisms, while possible, is also challenging. Here we present the Smart Soil Organism Detector, an instrument and machine learning pipeline that combines high-resolution imaging, multi-spectral sensing, large-bore flow cytometry, and machine learning to extract, isolate, count, identify, and separate soil organisms in a high-throughput, high-resolution, non-destructive, and reproducible manner. This system is not only capable of separating alive nematodes, dead nematodes, and nematode cuticles from soil with 100% out-of-sample accuracy, but also capable of identifying nematode strains (sub-species) with 95.5% out-of-sample accuracy and 99.4% specificity. Soil micro-arthropods were identified to class with 96.1% out-of-sample accuracy. Broadly applicable across soil taxa, the Smart SOD system is a tool for understanding global soil biodiversity. DA - 2023/2/1/ PY - 2023/2/1/ DO - 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114417 VL - 221 SP - SN - 1873-4235 KW - High throughput sensing KW - Flow cytometry KW - Deep learning KW - Soil biodiversity KW - Nematodes KW - Micro-arthropods ER -